Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kenya 0 2997 78174 75281 2026-11-08T01:04:47Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 9 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=18 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918234851/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/kenya0000foot |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1967_8_2/page/269 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1964-06_2_2/page/165 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_africa-uk_1986_56_3/page/319 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.''' Mu 1991, Kenya yakyusa okudda ku nkola y’ebyobufuzi ey’ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 26 egy’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ekimu. Nga 28 Ogwekkumi 1992, Moi yasattulula Paalamenti, emyezi etaano nga kisanja kye tekinnagwaako. N’ekyavaamu, enteekateeka z’okulonda ebifo byonna mu Paalamenti awamu ne pulezidenti zaatandika. Okulonda kwali kutegekeddwa okubaawo nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1992, naye okulwawo kwaleetera okwongezebwayo okutuuka nga 29 Ogwekkumineebiri. Ng’oggyeko KANU, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza, ebibiina ebirala ebyali bikiikiriddwa mu kulonda mwalimu FORD Kenya ne FORD Asili. Okulonda kuno kwali kwetobeseemu enkola y'okutiisatiisa abo abaali babavuganya n'okutulugunya abakungu b'eby'okulonda. Kino kyaleetawo ekizibu ky'ebyenfuna ekyaleetebwa obutabanguko obw'omu mawanga nga pulezidenti avunaanibwa okubba ebyava mu kulonda asobole okusigaza obuyinza.<ref name="Keith">{{Cite book |last=Keith. |first=Kyle |date=1999 |title=Politics of the independence of Kenya |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333720080 |oclc=795968156}}</ref><ref name="Goldsworthy">{{Cite journal |last=Goldsworthy |first=David |date=March 1982 |title=Ethnicity and Leadership in Africa: the 'Untypical' Case of Tom Mboya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1982-03_20_1/page/107 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.1017/s0022278x00000082 |issn=0022-278X |s2cid=154841201}}</ref><ref name="ParliamentKe">{{Cite web |title=KENYA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1992 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817091746/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> Okulonda kuno kwali kwa njawulo eri Kenya kubanga kwali kutandika kw'okukomekkereza obukulembeze bwa Moi n'obufuzi bwa KANU. Moi yasigala nga pulezidenti era George Saitoti n'afuuka omummyuka wa pulezidenti. Wadde nga yasigala mu buyinza, KANU yawangula ebifo 100 era n'efiirwa ebifo 88 eri ebibiina mukaaga eby'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref name="Keith" /><ref name="ParliamentKe" /> Okulonda kwa 1992 kwateekawo entandikwa y'ebyobufuzi eby'ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 25 egy'obufuzi bwa KANU.<ref name="Keith" /> Oluvannyuma lw'obukuubagano obwaddirira oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abantu 5,000 battibwa ate abalala 75,000 ne basengulwa okuva mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2007 |title=Clashes, elections and land – church keeps watch in Molo |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217115300/http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=IRIN}}</ref> Mu myaka etaano egyaddirira, ebibiina by'obufuzi bingi byatandikibwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okuddako. Mu myaka etaano egyaddako, enkolagana nnyingi ez'ebyobufuzi zaatondebwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okali kuddako. Mu 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga yafa era ebibiina bingi byegatta ku kibiina kye ekya FORD Kenya okutondawo ekibiina ekipya, United National Democratic Alliance. Ekibiina kino kyalimu obutakkanya bungi. Mu 1995, Richard Leakey yatondawo ekibiina kya Safina, naye kyagaanibwa okuwandiisibwa okutuusa mu Gwekkuminogumu 1997.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist">{{Cite news|date=31 January 2018|title=Kenya profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130010047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Mu 1996, KANU yaddamu okwekenneenya Ssemateeka okukkiriza Moi okusigala nga Pulezidenti mu kisanja ekirala. Oluvannyuma, Moi yeesimbawo ku kisanja ekirala era yawangula ekisanja eky'okutaano mu 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya History Timeline – historic overview of Kenya, Africa |url=https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223160656/https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Crawfurd Homepage}}</ref> Obuwanguzi bwe bwavumirirwa nnyo abo abaali bamuvuganya ennyo, Kibaki ne Odinga, nga bagamba nti obuwanguzi bwe bwali bwa bulimba.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=David M. |year=2003 |title=Kenya's Elections 2002 – The Dawning of a New Era? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2003-04_102_407/page/331 |journal=African Affairs |volume=102 |issue=407 |pages=331–342 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adg007}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula okwo, Moi yagaanibwa mu Ssemateeka okuddamu okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti. Okutandika mu 1998, yagezaako okukyusa enkola y'ebyobufuzi n'okuwanyisa obuyinza mu ggwanga okusobozesa Uhuru Kenyatta okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=25 October 2017 |title=A look at Kenya's elections history since independence in 1964 |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000204/http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Africanews}}</ref> === Pulezidenti Kibaki n'olugenda lwa Ssemateeka omugya === Enteekateeka ya Moi ey'okudda mu bigere bya Uhuru Kenyatta yalemererwa, era Mwai Kibaki, eyali avuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu kibiina "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti. David Anderson (2003) alipoota nti okulonda kwatwalibwa okuba okw’amazima n’obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi ab’omu kitundu ne mu nsi yonna, era ne kirabika ng’ekyakyusa ennyo mu nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu Kenya.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Mu 2005, Bannakenya baagaana enteekateeka ey'okukyusa Ssemateeka w'obwetwaze owa 1963 n'endala empya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Oranges and Bananas: The 2005 Kenya Referendum on the Constitution |url=http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512022757/http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=CMI – Chr. Michelsen Institute}}</ref> N'ekyavaamu, okulonda kwa 2007 kwaliwo nga bagoberera enkola eyali eteekeddwawo mu Ssemateeka eyaliwo. Kibaki yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda okwali okw'amaanyi nga kujjudde obutabanguko bwe by'onufuzi n'ebibinja by'embu z'abantu mu Kenya. Omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti asinga obukulu, Raila Odinga, yagamba nti okulonda kwalimu emivuyo n'okubba era nti ye yali Pulezidenti eyalondebwa mu butuufu. Mu butabanguko obwaddirira, abantu 1,500 battibwa ate abalala 600,000 ne basengulwa mu Kenya, kino ne kifuuka obutabanguko obwasinga obubi mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Okusobola okukomya okufa n'okusengulwa kw'abantu, Kibaki ne Odinga bakkiriziganya okukolera awamu, ng'oluvannyuma Odinga yakkiriza okubeera nga ye Ssabaminisita.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 April 2008|title=Deal to end Kenyan crisis agreed|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415174110/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref> Kino kyafuula Odinga Ssabaminisita wa Kenya ow'okubiri. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2010, Kenya yakolagana n'amawanga amalala ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okukola akatale akapya aka East African Common Market mu East African Community.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 2010|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|work=Reuters|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|url-status=dead|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708233236/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|archive-date=8 July 2010}}</ref> Mu 2011, Kenya yatandika okusindika amagye mu Somalia okulwanyisa ekibinja ky'abatujju ekya Al-Shabaab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=The Standard {{!}} Online Edition :: Somalia government supports Kenyan forces' mission |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314153558/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Mu makkati ga 2011, sizoni z'enkuba ebbiri ezaali zitalabise z'aviirako ekyeya ekyasingayo obubi mu East Africa mu myaka 60. Ekitundu ky’omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Turkana kyakosebwa nnyo,<ref name="RedCross">{{Cite web |last=Koech, Dennis |date=25 July 2011 |title=Red Cross warns of catastrophe in Turkana |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104173650/http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Kbc.co.ke}}</ref> ng’amasomero g’omu kitundu gaggalwawo olw’ensonga eyo.<ref name="Kscafthit">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=Kenya: schools close as famine takes hold in Turkana |url=http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172150/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Indcatholicnews.com}}</ref> Kyategeezeddwa nti ekizibu kyaggwaawo ku ntandikwa ya 2012 olw’okukolera awamu mu kugaba obuyambi. Ebitongole ebikola ku by’obuyambi oluvannyuma byakyusa essira ne balissa ku kuyamba abantu okuddamu okuzimba obulamu bwabwe, omuli okusima emikutu egitambuza amazzi n’okugaba ensigo z’ebimera.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr">Gettleman, Jeffrey (3 February 2012) [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html U.N. Says Famine in Somalia Is Over, but Risks Remain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107082519/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html|date=7 November 2016}}. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2010, Bannakenya baakuba akalulu era ne bayisa Ssemateeka omupya, eyakendeeza ku buyinza bwa Pulezidenti era n'egabanyaamu gavumenti eya wakati.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa Ssemateeka omupya, Kenya yafuuka republic, nga Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era omutwe gwa gavumenti, era nga y'akulira enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Ssemateeka omupya era alaga nti obuyinza obw’okuddukanya eggwanga bukozesebwa ekitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga, ekikulemberwa pulezidenti, atuula ku ntebe ya kabineeti erimu abantu abalondeddwa okuva ebweru wa Paalamenti. Obuyinza obw’okukola amateeka buweebwa Paalamenti yokka. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kya ddembe okuva ku kitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga ne Paalamenti. === '''Obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Ruto''' === [[File:Uhuru Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|Uhuru Kenyatta]] Mu 2013, Kenya yategeka okulonda kwayo okwasooka okubaawo wansi wa Ssemateeka wa 2010. Uhuru Kenyatta yawangula, wadde ng'ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa mu kkooti ensukkulumu eya Kenya, ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Raila Odinga, ye yali akulembeddemu okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court upholds Uhuru's election as president |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055614/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> Uhuru Kenyatta yaddamu okulondebwa mu 2017 mu kulonda okulala okwali kubuusibwabuusibwa. Odinga yavunaana ekitongole kya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission olw'okuddukanya obubi okulonda ne Kenyatta ne kibiina kye olw'okubba obululu. Kkooti ensukkulumu yasazaamu ebyava mu kulonda mu nsala ey'amaanyi eyassaawo ekifo kyayo ng'omuntu eyeetengeredde okukebera pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=25 October 2017|title=Kenya election rerun to go ahead after court fails to rule on delay|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128001939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|archive-date=28 January 2019|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Kenya court decision demonstrates respect for rule of law {{!}} IDLO |url=https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110210/https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=idlo.int}}</ref> Mu kulonda okwaddibwamu, Kenyatta yawangula oluvannyuma lwa Odinga okugaana okwetaba mu kulonda, ng'agamba nti waaliwo obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Standard |title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000122/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Moore|first=Jina|date=30 October 2017|title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033311/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2018, okukwatagana mu ngalo wakati wa Kenyatta ne Odinga kyategeeza ekiseera eky’okutabagana nga kino kyaddirirwa okweyongera mu by'enfuna n’obutebenkevu obweyongera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=1 November 2019 |title=Handshake ends crisis and leads to signs of progress in Kenya |url=https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095330/https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-05-31 |title=The Handshake that Shaped a Nation |url=https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095259/https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=Kenya Connection |language=en-US}}</ref> Wakati wa 2019 ne 2021, ababiri bano baagatta amaanyi okutumbula enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya, ezaayitibwa "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI). Baagamba nti kaweefube waabwe yali wa kutumbula nkwatagana n’okuvvuunuka enkola y’okulonda mu Kenya eyateranga okuvaamu obutabanguko oluvannyuma lw’okulonda.<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc">Omondi, Ferdinand: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387 "Kenya's BBI blocked in scathing court verdict for President Kenyatta"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514132005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387|date=14 May 2021}} 14 May 2021, [[BBC News]] (Africa), retrieved 14 May 2021</ref><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters">Miriri, Duncan: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L "Kenyan court slams brakes on president's constitutional changes"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514144827/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L|date=14 May 2021}} 13 May 2021, [[Reuters News Service]], retrieved 14 May 2021</ref> Ekirowoozo kya BBI kyali kyetaagisa okugaziya ennyo ekitongole ekikola amateeka n'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutondawo ssaabaminisita ng'alina abamyuka babiri n'omukulembeze ow'enkalakkalira ow'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, nga kino kikomyawo enkola ey'okulonda ba minisita okuva mu bammemba ba Paalamenti abalonde. Okutondawo Konsityuwensi empya 70, n'okwongerako abantu 300 abatalondebwa mu Paalamenti (wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa "affirmative action" plan).<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc" /><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters" /> [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto]] Abavumirira baalaba kino ng'okugezaako okuwa ebirabo amaka g'ebyobufuzi era n'okukendeeza ku kufuba kw'omummyuka wa Pulezidenti William Ruto okunoonya obwa pulezidenti, n'okugaziya gavumenti ku bbeeyi eya waggulu eri eggwanga eririmu amabanja amangi. Mu nkomerero, mu Gwokutaano 2021, Kkooti Enkulu eya Kenya yasalawo nti BBI kyali kikontana n'etteeka, kubanga kyali kigendererwa kya gavumenti okusinga okuba ekyetaago ky'abantu. Kkooti yavumirira Kenyatta, n'eraga ensonga lwaki yali asobola okuwawaabirwa oba n'okuggyibwa mu woofiisi. Okusalawo kuno kwatwalibwa ng'okufiirwa okw'amaanyi eri Kenyatta ne Odinga, naye nga kyongera ku mikisa gya Odinga mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti okw'omu maaso, Ruto. Mu Gwomunaana 2021, Kkooti ya Kenya ejulirwamu yakkiriza ensala ya Kkooti Enkulu mu kujulira okuva mu BBI Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2021 |title=Kenyan court rejects disputed bid to change constitution |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826074033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |archive-date=26 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ruto yawangula akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti aka 2022, ng'awangudde Odinga okufuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya ow'okutaano..<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2022|title=Kenya election result: William Ruto wins presidential poll|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815164106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Obulutsa|first1=George|last2=Mersie|first2=Ayenat|date=13 September 2022|title=William Ruto sworn in as Kenya's fifth president|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113113/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2024, Ruto ne Kenya Kwanza coalition baayolekaganye n'okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'etteeka lya Kenya Finance Bill 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Protests in Nairobi over Kenya government's tax hikes &#124; BBC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1Scqw5epho |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Obutonde bwayo == Ku 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi),<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |last=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2012 |title=Kenya |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124224025/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=28 May 2013 |website=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref> Kenya ekwata ekifo kya 47 mu nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna (oluvannyuma lwa Madagascar). Esangibwa wakati wa latitudi 5°N ne 5°S, ne longitudi 34° ne 42°E. Okuva ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Indian Ocean, olusenyi olwansi lulinnya okutuuka ku nsozi ez'omu masekkati agayawulwamu ekiwonvu ekinene, era waliwo ebitundu ebirimu ettaka eggimu ku njuyi zombi, okwetooloola [[Ennyanja Nalubaale|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] n'Ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murayama |first1=Yuji |date=2017-03-29 |title=Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |last2=Kamusoko |first2=Courage |last3=Yamashita |first3=Akio |last4=Estoque |first4=Ronald C. |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-3241-7 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160203/https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stokes |first=Jamie |date=2009 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153550/https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebitundu bya Kenya eby'Ensozi bye bimu ku bitundu ebisinga okufulumya eby'obulimi mu Afirika.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Ensozi ze zisangibwa ekifo ekisinga obuwanvu mu Kenya n'olusozi olw'okubiri olusinga obuwanvu ku ssemazinga: Olusozi Kenya, olutuuka ku buwanvu bwa m 5,199 (futi 17,057) era nga we wali omuzira. Olusozi Kilimanjaro (m 5,895 oba futi 19,341) lusobola okulabibwa okuva e Kenya okutuuka mu Bukiikaddyo bw'ensalo ya Tanzania. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde mu Kenya ekyukakyuka okuva ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi okumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi mu masekkati g'eggwanga, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kifuna omusana mungi buli mwezi. Emirundi egisinga obudde buba bwa bunnyogovu ekiro ate ku makya nga bukyali bwa bunnyogovu mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ate mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, obudde buba bwa bbugumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya – Pride Nature Safaris |url=https://pridenaturesafaris.com/our-destinations/kenya/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=pridenaturesafaris.com}}</ref> "Enkuba ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu" etuuka okuva mu Gwokusatu/Gwokuna okutuuka mu Gwokutaano/Gwomukaaga. Sizoni "y'enkuba entono" etuuka okuva mu Gwekkumi okutuuka mu Gwekkuminogumu/Gwekkumineebiri. Enkuba oluusi eba nnyingi era etera okutonnya mu ttuntu n'olw'eggulo. Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ekyusa enkola y'obutonde ey'ekiseera ky'enkuba, ekireeta enkuba okutonnya entono – ekivuddeko amataba –<ref>{{cite book |last=Salih |first=Mohamed |year=2012 |title=Local Climate Change and Society |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415627153 |page=119}}</ref> n'okukendeeza ku kyeya okuva ku buli myaka kkumi okudda ku buli mwaka, ekivirako ekyeya eky'amaanyi nga ekyeya ekyabalukwo mu Kenya ekya 2008–09.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peck |first1=Dannele E. |year=2015 |title=Climate Variability and Water Dependent Sectors: Impacts and Potential Adaptations |last2=Peterson |first2=Jeffrey M. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-61427-2}}</ref> Ebbugumu lisigala nga lya waggulu mu myezi gino egy'enkuba mu kitundu ky'ekibira. Ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'ebbugumu kibaawo mu Gwokubiri n'Ogwokusatu, nga kino kye kiseera ky'enkuba ennyingi, ate ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'obunnyogovu kibaawo mu Gwomusanvu, okutuusa mu makkati go Gwomunaana.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Kenya climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802230142/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=climatestotravel.com}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsiko''' Kenya erina ettaka ddene eriweereddwayo okubeeramu ebifo ebibeeramu ebisolo by'omu nsiko, omuli n'ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Tsavo ne Masai Mara, awabeera blue wildebeest n'ebika by'ebisolo ebirala ebibeera mu nsiko ebibeera mu kibinja ekinene buli mwaka. Wildebeest ezisukka mu kakadde kamu n'entugga 200,000 ze zibeera mu kibinja kino nga ziyita ku mugga Mara..<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Wildebeest Migration |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wildebeest-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612175545/http://nationalgeographic.org/media/wildebeest-migration/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=National Geographic Society}}</ref> Ensolo za Africa eziyitibwa "Ensolo ennene ettaano" mwe muli empologoma, engo, embogo, envubu, n'ejjovu, zisangibwa mu Kenya era naddala mu Masai Mara. Omuwendo omunene ogw'ensolo endala ez'omu nsiko, ebyewalula, n'ebinyonyi bisangibwa mu mbuga z'eggwanga ne mu bifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mu ggwanga. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo okwa buli omwaka kubaawo wakati w'Ogwomukaaga n'Ogwomwenda nga bukadde na bukadde bw'ebisolo bwe busenguka, ne kisikiriza eby'obulambuzi eby'omuwendo okuva ebweru w'eggwanga. Obukadde bubiri bw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest biddukira olugendo lwa kiromita 2,900 (1,802 mi) okuva mu Serengeti mu Tanzania eriraanyeewo okudda mu Masai Mara<ref>{{cite web |last=Bashir |first=Hanif |date=27 May 2015 |title=Masai Mara Safari – The Migration &#124; Tour Packages |url=https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302014643/https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Kenya Travel Tips}}</ref> mu Kenya, nga buli kiseera bigenda mu maaso nga bwe bikyuka, nga binoonya emmere n'amazzi. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest mu Serengeti byawandiikibwa mu by'ewuunyo omusanvu eby'obutonde mu Afirika.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|date=2010-06-13|title=New road threatens Africa's 'wonder of the world' wildebeest migration|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115133738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|archive-date=15 January 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> '''Okukuuma obutonde''' Kenya yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 4.2/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 133 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{Cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> Conservation International ekola mu Kenya okuyita mu Conservation International Kenya, pulogulaamu y'eggwanga eyatandikibwawo mu 2014 eraga alipoota ku mirimu egikolebwa ku yiika obukadde 4.9, omuli okukuuma ebibira n'ebifo ebisolo we birundira n'okubizzaawo, eby'obulambuzi, n'ebikolebwa okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obudde nga REDD+.<ref name="CIKenyaPlaces">{{cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://www.conservation.org/places/kenya |website=Conservation International}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'eby'obufuzi == [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto Pulezidenti]] [[File:Kithure Kindiki.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti]] Kenya nsi eya demokulasiya era erina enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Pulezidenti ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era ye mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo bukolebwa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku mateeka buweebwa gavumenti, Paalamenti y'eggwanga n'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ky'etongola okuva ku kakiiko akakulembeze ne Paalamenti. Wabaddewo okweraliikirira okweyongera, naddala mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwa pulezidenti eyaliko Daniel arap Moi, nti ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyali kyeyongera okweyingiza mu nsonga z'ekitongole ekiramuzi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Novak |first=Andrew |title=The Criminal Justice System and Eroding Democracy After Independence – Page 12 |url=http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603102544/http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=racism.org}}</ref> Kenya erina obulyi bw'enguzi bungi okusinziira ku Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), omuwendo ogugezaako okupima obunene bw'obuli bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Mu 2019, eggwanga lyali mu kifo kya 137 ku nsi 180 mu lukalala, n'obubonero 28 ku 100.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 |url=https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?/news/feature/cpi-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512190641/https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2Fcpi-2019 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=transparency.org |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Naye waliwo ebintu bingi eby'enkizo ebikoleddwa okusobola okukendeeza obuli bw'enguzi mu gavumenti ya Kenya, gamba ng'okutandikawo akakiiko akapya era aketengeredde akalwanyisa enguzi aka Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Kenya |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406012851/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=4 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu 1997, etteeka erya Constitution of Kenya Review Act, eryali litegekeddwa okutereeza obulungi mu ssemateeka wa Kenya, lyayisibwa Paalamenti ya Kenya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/ A short history of the 2010 Kenya constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/|date=30 October 2012}}. kenyaconstitution.org</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2002, Kenya yafuna okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya, okwalabibwa ng'okw'amazima era okw'obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi b'ensi yonna<ref>{{cite news|title=International observers declare Kenyan elections fair|work=cbc.ca|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530210357/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|archive-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> TOkulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa makulu nnyo era nga kulaga enkyukakyuka. Okulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa mugaso nnyo mu kukyusa enkola ya demokulasiya mu Kenya mu ngeri nti obuyinza bwakyusibwa mu mirembe okuva mu Kenya African National Union (KANU), eyali efuze eggwanga okuva ku bwetwaze, okudda mu National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), omukago gw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Mwai Kibaki, omukago omupya ogufuga gwasuubiza okussa amaanyi gaagwo ku kuleetawo enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okulwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi, okulongoosa eby'enjigiriza, n'okuddamu okuwandiika Ssemateeka waagwo. Ebimu ku bisuubizo bino bituukiriziddwa. Waliwo okusoma kwa pulayimale okw'obwereere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Turning Point: Free Primary Education in Kenya – NORRAG |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204085234/https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=norrag.org}}</ref> Mu 2007, gavumenti yafulumya ekiwandiiko ng'erangirira nti okuva mu 2008, okusoma kwa sekendule tekwali kwa kusasulirwa ssente nnyingi, nga gavumenti esasula ebisale by'essomero byonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2008|title=Africa &#124; Free secondary schools for Kenya|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|url-status=live|access-date=26 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|archive-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> '''Okulonda kwa 2013 ne gavumenti empya''' Mu Ssemateeka omupya era ne Pulezidenti Kibaki yagaanibwa olw'ekkomo ku bisanja obutaddamu kwesimbawo mu kisanja eky'okusatu, Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita Uhuru Kenyatta yeesimbawo mu woofiisi. Yawangula n'ebitundu 50.51% eby'obululu mu Gwokusatu 2013. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2014, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yassa omukono ku tteeka erikwata ku by’okwerinda eryali likyusiddwaamu, abawagizi b’etteeka lino abaali balikkiririzaamu baagamba nti lyali lyetaagisa okukuuma abantu okuva ku bibinja by’abayeekera. Bannabyabufuzi ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, n’amawanga mwenda ag’omu Bulaaya baavumirira etteeka eryo, nga bagamba nti lyali likosa eddembe ly’obuntu. Gavumenti ya America, Bungereza, Bugirimaani, ne Bufaransa nazo zaawera ekiwandiiko ky'awamu eri bannamawulire nga balabula ku ngeri etteeka lino gye liyinza okukosaamu abantu. Okuyitira mu Jubilee Coalition, etteeka lino oluvannyuma lyayisibwa nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu mbeera embi ennyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 December 2014|title=Kenya president signs tough 'anti-terror' law|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|url-status=dead|access-date=22 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222200412/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:President Obama's visit to Kenya (20062221510).jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Obama ng'akyaddeko mu Kenya]] Enkolagana ne Somalia ebadde nzibu nnyo mu byafaayo, wadde nga wabaddewo okukolera awamu mu by'amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera ab'obusiraamu. Kenya erina enkolagana ennungi ne Bungereza.<ref name="upenn">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm Kenya – Foreign Relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423011916/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm|date=23 April 2016}}. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.</ref> Kenya y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okuwagira Amerika mu Afirika, n'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2006 |title=Opinion of the United States |url=http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405225516/https://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Pewglobal.org}}</ref> Nga ennaku z’okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y’ensi yonna zitegekeddwa mu 2013 ku Pulezidenti Kenyatta n’omumyuka we Pulezidenti William Ruto ku bikwata ku byava mu kulonda kwa 2007, Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama, alina obuzaale bwa Kenya, yasalawo obutakyalako mu ggwanga eryo mu lukyala lwe olw’omu makkati ga 2013 mu Afirika.<ref>Epatko, Larisa, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html "Why Obama Is Visiting Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania But Not Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html|date=21 January 2014}}, ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', 25 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Oluvannyuma mu biseera by'omusana, Kenyatta yakyalira China ku kuyitibwa kwa Pulezidenti Xi Jinping oluvannyuma lw'okuyimirirako mu Russia era nga yali tannakyalako mu United States nga pulezidenti.<ref name="wp01">Raghavan, Sudarsan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html "In snub to Washington, Kenyan president visits China, Russia first"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115608/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|date=29 November 2014}}, ''The Washington Post'', 17 August 2013. Ambassador Liu's comments at capitalfm.co.ke linked to [https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/ capitalfm.co.ke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/|date=18 August 2013}}. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2015, Obama yakyalira Kenya, pulezidenti wa America eyasooka okukyalira eggwanga eryo ng'akyali mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |last=George Kegoro |title=Circumstances created need that made visit possible |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828050809/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Nation.co.ke}}</ref> Ekitongole kya British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) kikozesebwa mu kutendeka amagye ga Bungereza agalwanyira ku ttaka mu bitundu eby'ekyeya era ebirimu ensozi mu Great Rift Valley.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world Britain's secret killing fields] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806113032/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world|date=6 August 2019}}". ''The Guardian''. 1 July 2001</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The British Army in Africa |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630055845/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |website=army.mod.uk/ |publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref> '''Amagye''' Amagye ga Kenya Defence Forces ge gakuuma Kenya. Amagye ga Kenya, Amagye ga Kenya ag'okumazzi, n'amagye agalwanira mu bbanga ge gakola amagye g'Eggwanga gonna. Amagye ga Kenya agaliwo kati gaatandikibwawo, era enkola yaago n'erambikibwa, mu Kawaayiro 241 ak'endagaano ya 2010 eya Ssemateeka wa Kenya; eggye lya KDF lifugibwa etteeka lya Kenya Defence Forces Act erya 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Defence |title=Kenya Defence Forces Act – No. 25 of 2012 |url=http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003132740/http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye muduumizi w'amagye maggye gonna. Amagye gatera okusindikibwa okukuuma emirembe okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 n'obutabanguko obwaddirira, akakiiko akanoonyereza, Akakiiko ka Waki, kaasiima obwetegefu bwako era ne kakalangirira nti "kakoze obulungi omulimu gwako."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence |url=http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220154028/http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, wabaddewo okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okusinga gye buvuddeko nga bakola ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera mu kitundu kya Mt Elgon<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya National Commission on Human Rights |url=http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214072227/http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> era ne mu Masekkati ga Disitulikiti y'e Mandera.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html Security men accused of torture and rape] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html|date=3 July 2017}} Daily Nation. 11 January 2008.</ref> Amagye ga Kenya, okufaananako ebitongole bya gavumenti ebirala mu ggwanga, gakwatiddwako nnyo olw'ebigambibwa nti gaalya enguzi. Olw'okuba emirimu gy'amagye gibadde gikolebwa mu nkukutu olw'okutya nti gisobola okutaataaganyizibwa, obulyi bw'enguzi buno bubadde bukwekeddwa okuva mu bantu, era nga tebusobola kulabibwa bantu, era nga tebumanyiddwa. Kino kikyuse gye buvuddeko awo. Mu ebyo ebitalabwangako mu Kenya, mu 2010, waliwo ebyayogerwa ku buli bw'enguzi ebikwata ku kuwa abantu emirimu<ref>The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000021408&catid=159&a=1 standardmedia.co.ke] {{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Cited on 3 January 2011</ref> n'okugula ebidduka ebiriko eby'okulwanyisa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amagezi n'okukola okusalawo okulungi eri eby'okulwanyisa ebigulibwa bibadde by'emulugunyizibwako mu lujjudde. '''Engabanya y'obukulembeze.''' Kenya egabanyizibwamu amasaza 47 agalina obwetwaze obutonotono agakulemberwa bagavana. Amasaza gano 47 ge gakola ebitundu bya Kenya ebisookerwako. Ebifo ebisembayo obutono mu Kenya biyitibwa locations. Ebifo bino bitera okuba nga bye bimu n'ebitundu by'okulonderamu. Ebifo bino bitera okutuumibwa amannya g'ebibuga oba ebyalo ebiri mu masekkati gaabyo. Ebibuga ebinene birimu ebifo bingi. Buli kifo kirina omukulu, alondebwa gavumenti. Konsityuwensi bye bifo ebironderwamu, nga buli Ssaza lirimu omuwendo gw'ebifo ebironderwamu. Akakiiko k'ensalo akaakaseera katondebwawo mu 2010 okwekenneenya ebifo ebironderwamu era mu alipoota yaako, kyasemba okutondawo Konsityuwensi endala 80 ezironderwamu. Nga okulonda kwa 2013 tekunnabaawo, waaliwo Konsityuwensi ebironderwamu 210 mu Kenya.<ref>Kenya Roads Board [https://web.archive.org/web/20080113052023/http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php Constituency funding under the RMLF]</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Ebikolwa by'okulya ebisiyaga tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu Kenya era bitera okubonerezebwa n'okusibwa emyaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619211045/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=3 June 2017 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center, ebitundu 83% ebya Bannakenya bakkiriza nti okulya ebisiyaga tekulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{Cite web |last1=Poushter |first1=Jacob |last2=Kent |first2=Nicholas |date=25 June 2020 |title=The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701105248/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olwali wamu ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama mu 2015, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yagaana okukakasa obumalirivu bwa Kenya eri eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga, ng'agamba nti "ensonga y'eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga ddala si nsonga... Naye waliwo ebintu ebimu bye tulina okukkiriza nti tetubirina era tetubigabana. Obuwangwa bwaffe, abantu baffe tebakkiriza."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Scott|first2=Eugene|title=Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|url-status=live|publisher=CNN|date=25 July 2017|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515205038/https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2008, WikiLeaks yaleeta okumanyibwa okw'ensi yonna mu alipoota ya ''The Cry of Blood'', eraga okutta abamenyi b'amateeka okw'ebweru w'amateeka okwakolebwa poliisi ya Kenya. Mu alipoota eno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) kyawaayo okunoonyereza kwakyo mu kuzuula kwakyo okukulu "e)", nga kigamba nti okubula kw'abantu n'okutta abantu okw'ebweru w'amateeka byalabika ng'ebiragiro bya gavumenti ebyawagirwa abakulembeze b'ebyobufuzi ne poliisi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2008 |title='The Cry of Blood' — Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances |url=http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044349/http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]]/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? Kenyans divided » Capital News |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115319/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Eby'enfuna bya Kenya biraze okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi mu myaka egiyise, okusingira ddala okuva mu pulojekiti z'enguudo, egaali y'omukka, eby'entambula ey'omu bbanga n'eku mazzi, awamu n'okusiga ensimbi mu tekinologiya ow'empuliziganya n'okutereka obubaka. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya bye bisinga obunene mu East Africa. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yakulaakulanya eby'enfuna byayo mu bwangu ng'eyita mu kusiga ssente za gavumenti, okukubiriza okulima okw'abalimi abatonotono era n'okuteekawo embeera ennungi ey'okusiga ensimbi mu makolero ag'obwannannyini. Kenya y'esinga okutambuza ebyamaguzi n'ensimbi mu East Africa. Ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi mu Kenya kikola bulungi, kikulaakulanye era kirimu eby'enfuna eby'enjawulo nga kino kye kisinga okubaamu abantu abeeyunira eby'enfuna mu kitundu kino era ne mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenyan Economy – The National Treasury |url=https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu Kenya kusigala nga kunafu nnyoo bw'ogeraageranya n'obunene bw'ebyenfuna byakyo n'omutindo gw'enkulaakulana yaakyo. Mu 2022, omuwendo gwa FDI yonna mu Kenya gwali obuwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 10.4, nga kino kikola ebitundu 9.5% byokka ebya GDP y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kenya – International Trade Portal |url=https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.lloydsbanktrade.com}}</ref> Kenya erina Human Development Index (HDI) ya 0.628 (omutono), ng'eri mu kifo kya 143 ku bifo 193 mu nsi yonna mu 2023. Mu 2022, 25.4% ku Bannakenya baali babeera ku ssente ezitasukka $2.15 buli lunaku. Okusinziira ku bubaka obupya okuva mu 2022, ebitundu 25.4% ku bantu bakosebwa obwavu obw’engeri ez’enjawulo era n’abalala 26.4% nga bali mu katyabaga k’okubufuna. Mu 2017, Kenya yali mu kifo kya 92 mu nsi Banka y'ensi yonna ng'ensi ennyangu okukoleramu bizinesi ng'erinnya okuva mu kifo kya 113 mu 2016 (ku nsi 190).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910125004/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=doingbusiness.org}}</ref> Ekitongole ky'ebyobulimi ekikulu ennyo kikozesa abakozi ng'ebitundu 30% ku bakozi bonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Kenya etera okutwalibwa ng'akatale ak'omu maaso oba oluusi akatale akavaamu, era y'emu ku nsi ezikyakula. Eby'enfuna birabye okugaziwa okw'amaanyi, nga kino kirabibwa mu nkola ennungi mu by'obulambuzi, eby'enjigiriza ebya waggulu n'eby'empuliziganya era n'ebivaamu ebirungi mu by'obulimi oluvannyuma lw'ekyeya, naddala mu kitongole ky'amajaani ekikulu.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Kenya byakula ebitundu ebisukka mu 7% mu 2007, era amabanja gaayo ag'ebweru gaakendeezebwa nnyo.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov2">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Kino kyakyuka amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwali okw'okubuusabuusa mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007, oluvannyuma lw'akavuyo akaaliiwo mu ggwanga. Eby'empuliziganya n'ebyensimbi mu myaka ekkumi egiyise kati bye bisinga okukola ebitundu 62% ebya GDP. Ebitundu 22% ebya GDP bikyava mu by'obulimi ebitali bya lubeerera ebikozesa ebitundu 75% eby'abakozi (ekintu ekirabika mu mawanga agakyakula agatannatuuka ku kufuna mmere emala). Ekitundu ky'abantu ekitono ennyo kyesigama ku buyambi bw'emmere.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Amakolero n'okukola ebintu bye bisinga obutono, nga bikola ebitundu 16% ebya GDP. Eby'obuweereza, amakolero n'okukola ebintu bikozesa abakozi ebitundu 25% byokka naye nga biwa ebitundu 75% ebya GDP.[1] Kenya era etunda ebintu eby'engoye ebisukka mu bukadde bwa ddoola 400 wansi wa AGOA. Okutunda kampuni za gavumenti nga eyali eya Kenya Post and Telecommunications Company, ekyavaamu kkampuni esinga okukola amagoba mu East Africa—Safaricom, kireetedde okuzzaawo kampuni zino olw'okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi okw'abantu ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokutaano 2011, embeera y'ebyenfuna yali nnungi ng'okweyongera kwa GDP kusuubirwa okuba ebitundu 4–5%, okusingira ddala olw'okugaziwa mu by'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, eby'entambula, okuzimba, n'okudda engulu mu by'obulimi. Banka y'Ensi Yonna yateebereza okweyongera kwa 4.3% mu 2012.<ref name="WorldBanki">{{cite web |last=Fengler |first=Wolfgang |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kenya Economic Update |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309030739/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013 |publisher=The [[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 1996 ba Pulezidenti ba Kenya, Tanzania, ne Uganda baddamu okutandikawo omukago gwa East African Community (EAC). Ebigendererwa bya EAC mulimu okutereeza emisolo n'ebikwata ku misolo, okutambula kw'abantu awatali kusibibwa n'okutumbula ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu. Mu Gwokusatu 2004, amawanga asatu ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika gaassa omukono ku Ndagaano y'omukago gw'omusolo eya Customs Union Agreement. Kenya erina ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi ekikulaakulanye okusinga baliraanwa baayo. Akatale k'emigabo aka Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) ke kali mu kifo eky'okuna mu Afirika mu by'obugagga bw'akatale. Enkola ya banka mu Kenya erabirirwa Banka Enkulu eya Kenya (CBK). Mu Gwomusanvu 2004, enkola eno yalimu banka z'ebyobusuubuzi 43 (nga zino zaali zikendedde okuva ku 48 mu 2001) ne bitongole ebitali bya banka ebiwerako omuli kampuni eziterekera abantu ssente, ebibiina bina ebiteekamu ssente n'okwewola era ne bizinensi nnyingi ezikyusa ssente.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov3">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Wiiki y'okutandikawo enkola empya mu Kenya eya Kenya Innovation Week (KIW) yatandikibwawo mu 2021, okuva nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri okutuuka nga 10, 2021, ku Kenya School of Government mu Lower Kabete, Nairobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Innovation Week - About |url=https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724013113/https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |archive-date=24 Jul 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=kenyainnovationweek.com}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Eby'obulambuzi biyingiza mu Kenya ebitundu nga 6% ku by'enfuna byayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel & Tourism in Kenya Injected KES 1TN to the national economy last year |url=https://wttc.org/news/travel-and-tourism-in-kenya-injected-kes-1tn-to-the-national-economy-last-year |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=wttc.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi mu Kenya bye bisinga okuvaamu ssente eziva ebweru, nga ziddirirwa ssente eziva mu bantu ababeera ebweru w'eggwanga n'ebyobulimi.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Diaspora remittances now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earner |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227081004/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=The East African}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Kenya Tourism Board kivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obubaka obukwata ku by'obulambuzi mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Tourism Board |url=http://www.ktb.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219014534/http://ktb.go.ke/ |archive-date=19 February 2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KTB.go.ke}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Law: January 2017 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805200519/http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KenyaLaw.org}}</ref> Ebintu ebisinga okusikiriza abalambuzi mulimu okulambula ebifo eby'enjawulo nga bayita mu kkuumiro ly'ebisolo 60 n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo. Ebifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mulimu Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Solio Game Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve n'ebirala. Ebintu ebirala ebisikiriza mulimu okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest ku Masaai Mara; emizikiti gy'ebyafaayo, n'ebigo ebyazimbibwa mu kiseera ky'amatwale e Mombasa, Malindi, ne Lamu; ebifo ebimanyiddwa ennyo gamba nga olusozi Kenya olweru n'ekiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley; ennimiro z'amajaani e Kericho; ennimiro z'emmwanyi e Thika; okulaba obulungi olusozi Kilimanjaro okusala ensalo okuyingira [[Tanzania]]; n'ebbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, mu Indian Ocean. Abalambuzi, abasinga obungi nga bava mu Bugirimaani ne Bungereza, basikirizibwa nnyo ku bbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo, okusingira ddala, East ne Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba. '''Eby'obulimi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi kye ky'okubiri mu kuleeta amagoba mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'ekitongole ky'obuweereza. Mu 2005, obulimi n'obulunzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebibira n'okuvuba, byakola ebitundu 24% ebya GDP, awamu n'ebitundu 18% eby'emirimu egisasulwa era ebitundu 50% eby'ensimbi eziva mu by'amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Ebirime ebikulu ebivaamu ssente z'amajaani, ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro, ne kaawa. Ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro y'amajaani bye bitundu ebisinga okukula era nga byombi bye bisinga okuba eby'omuwendo mu byonna eby'ebweru bya Kenya. Okulima emmere enkulu nga kasooli kusinziira ku nkyukakyuka y'obudde. Okukendeera kw'ebirime ebivaamu emmere kitera okwetaagisa obuyambi bw'emmere—okugeza mu 2004, olw'ekimu ku kyeya kya Kenya ekitera okubaawo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2005 |title=Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid |url=http://wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814052428/http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=United Nations World Food Programme}}</ref> Ekitongole ekikulemberwa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) kifunye obuwanguzi obumu mu kuyamba abalimi okulima empiinamiti mu kifo kya kasooli naddala mu bitundu ebikalu. Empiinamiti ky'ekimera ekisobola okusimattuka embeera y'ekyeya, n'olwekyo asobola okulimibwa mu bitundu ebifuna enkuba etali waggulu wa mmiliita 650 (inchi 26) buli mwaka. Pulojekiti ez'enkizo zikubirizza okutunda ebimera eby'ensigo nga zikubiriza okukulaakulanya ensigo ez'omu kitundu n'obukolagano bw'abalimi n'abasuubuzi okugaba n'okutunda. Omulimu guno, ogwazingiramu okugatta abalimi ku batunda ebintu mu bungi, kyayamba okwongeza emiwendo gy'abalimi mu kitundu ekyo ebitundu 20–25% mu Nairobi ne Mombasa. Okutunda empinnamiti kisobozesa abalimi abamu okugula ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva ku masimu ag'omu ngalo okutuuka ku ttaka n'ebisolo, era kibagguliddewo emikisa okuva mu bwavu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329 Pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329|date=18 July 2014}}. [[ICRISAT]] Posted 10 October 2012. Downloaded 26 January 2014.</ref> Amajaani, kaawa, ekigooggwa, senturuma, kasooli, ne ŋŋaano birimibwa mu bitundu eby'obusozi ebirimu ettaka eggimu, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okulimibwamu mu Afirika.<ref name=":03">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Okulunda ebisolo kwe kukulembera mu savanna eri mu Bukiikakkono n'Ebuvanjuba. Kooko, ennaanansi, ppamba, ebikajjo, senturuma, ne kasooli birimibwa mu bitundu ebiri ku madaala aga wansi. Kenya tennatuuka ku mutindo gw’okusiga ensimbi n’okukola obulungi mu by'obulimi n’obulunzi ebiyinza okukakasa obukuumi bw’emmere, era nga kino kigattiddwako obwavu obuvaamu (abantu 53 ku buli kikumi babeera wansi w’omutindo gw’obwavu), ekitundu ky’abantu kinene buli kiseera kifa njala era nga kyesigama nnyo ku buyambi bw’emmere.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Enguudo embi, entambula y’eggaali y’omukka etatuukiridde, entambula y’oku mazzi etakozesebwa bulungi, n’entambula y’ennyonyi ey’ebbeeyi ebasudde ebitundu ebisinga obukalu n’ebitali bya nkalakkalira, era abalimi mu bitundu ebirala emirundi mingi basuula emmere mu nnimiro kubanga tebasobola kutuuka ku butale. Kino kyasembyeyo okulabibwa mu Gwomunaana ne mu Gwomwenda 2011, ne kireetera abantu ba Kenya okutandikawo enteekateeka ya Kenya for Kenya eyakolebwa ekitongole kya Red Cross.<ref>[http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf Towards Achieving Food Security in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126003110/http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf|date=26 January 2012}}. Joseph Kinyua, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; 1 April 2004, Kampala, Uganda</ref> Eby'okufukirira mu Kenya bigabanyizibwamu ebika by'entegeka bisatu: entegeka entonotono ez'abalimi kinnoomu, entegeka za gavumenti eziddukanyizibwa wakati, n'entegeka z'obwannannyini/ezikola bizinensi ez'okufukirira. Enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono zibeera za bantu kinnoomu oba ebibinja by'abalimi abakola ng'abakozesa amazzi oba ebibinja eby'eyamba saako n'okwewanirira. Okufukirira kukolebwa ku faamu z'abantu kinnoomu oba ku faamu z'ebibinja nga buli emu eba ya 0.1–0.4 ha. Waliwo enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono nga 3,000 ezibikka ettaka lya 47,000 ha. Eggwanga lirina enkola ennene musanvu ezifukirira, ezikolebwa mu makkati, nga ze Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, ne Ahero, nga zikwata ku ttaka lya yiika 18,200 era nga buli nkola ekwata ku yiika 2,600. Enkola zino ziddukanyizibwa National Irrigation Board era nga ze zisinga okufukirira ettaka mu Kenya ebitundu 18%. Ffaamu z'obwannannyini ez'amaanyi ezikolerwamu eby'obusuubuzi zirimu yiika 45,000, nga ze zikola ebitundu 40% eby'ettaka erifukirirwa. Zikozesa tekinologiya ow'amaanyi era ne zivaamu ebirime eby'omuwendo ennyo eby'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga, naddala ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref>Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Water and Irrigation (2009) ''National Irrigation and Drainage Policy'':3–4.</ref> Kenya y'ensi ey'okusatu mu nsi yonna mu kutunda ebimuli ebisaliddwa ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry">{{Cite web |last=Veselinovic |first=Milena |date=16 March 2015 |title=Got roses this Valentine's Day? They probably came from Kenya |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714194025/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Kumpi ekitundu kimu kyakubiri ku faamu z'ebimuli 127 mu Kenya zisangibwa okumpi n'Ennyanja Naivasha, kilomita 90 mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Nairobi.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> Okwanguya okutunda kwabwe ebweru w'eggwanga, ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Nairobi kirina ekifo ekikola ku ntambuza y'ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> '''Amakolero n'okufulumya ebintu''' Wadde nga Kenya nsi eri ku ddaala erya wansi mu by'enfuna, eby'amakolero bitwala ebitundu 14% ebya GDP, ng'emirimu gy'amakolero gikolebwa mu bibuga ebisatu ebisinga obunene, Nairobi, Mombasa, ne Kisumu, era nga gisinga kutwalibwa makolero agakola emmere nga okusa emmere, okukola omwenge, okusiba omuwemba, n'okukola ebintu ebyettanirwa abantu, gamba nga emmotoka okuva mu bitundutundu. Kenya nayo erina amakolero agakola seminti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Cement production keeps pace with growing demand |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513234924/http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Construction Business Review}}</ref> Kenya erina ekkolero ly'amafuta erikola ku mafuta agaleetebwa okuva ebweru okugafuula ebintu ebikolebwamu amafuta, okusingira ddala okukozesebwa mu ggwanga. Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekitali mu butongole ekimanyiddwa nga jua kali kikola ebintu ebitonotono mu maka, ebitundu by'emmotoka, n'ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kulima.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2 August 2005 |title=Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises |url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605021700/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=ilo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation |url=http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135631/http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=MyGov}}</ref> Okuteeka Kenya mu abo abaganyulwa mu tteeka lya Gavumenti ya Amerika erya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kiyambye nnyo mu by'amakolero mu myaka egyakayita. Okuva AGOA lwe yatandika mu 2000, Kenya bye yatunda mu ngoye mu United States by'eyongera okuva ku bukadde bwa ddoola 44 okutuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 270 (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamau |first=Pithon |title=Industry |url=http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604180631/http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |archive-date=4 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Brand Kenya Board}}</ref> Enteekateeka endala ez'okunyweza eby'okukola ebintu mwe muli enkola ya gavumenti empya ey'okusonyiwa omusolo, omuli n'okuggyawo omusolo ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022046/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Mu 2023, Kenya eri mu nteekateeka y'okuzimba paaka z'amakolero ttaano ezijja okukola nga tezisasula misolo, nga zisuubirwa okumalirizibwa mu 2030. Waliwo ebigendererwa by'okukulaakulanya paaka endala 20 ez'amakolero mu biseera eby'omu maaso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-02|title=How to get rich in the 21st century|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|access-date=2024-01-03|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103101233/https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'entambula''' Amakubo g'emmotoka aga Trans-African abiri gayita mu Kenya okuli: Cairo-Cape Town Highway ne Lagos-Mombasa Highway, n'olwekyo eggwanga lirina enguudo ez'amaanyi omuli ennime/ enkole saako n'ezo ezitali nnime oba nkole. Enkola y'eggaali y'omukka mu Kenya ekwataganya emikutu gy'oku mwalo n'ebibuga ebikulu, nga kigigatta ku muliraano [[Uganda]]. Waliwo ebisaawe by'ennyonyi 15 ebirina enguudo enkole/ enzimbe. '''Amasanyalaze''' [[File:Worker in Olkaria Kenya.jpg|thumb|Abakozi b'amasanyalaze ku Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant]] kitundu ekisinga obunene eky'amasannyalaze ga Kenya kiva mu ttaka,,<ref>[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=KENYA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel Electricity in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133300/https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat|date=2015}}. IEA 2014</ref> ne kigobererwa amasannyalaze g'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi g'omugga Tana ogw'omu Bukiikakkono, awamu ne Turkwel Gorge Dam mu Bugwanjuba. Ekkolero ly'amafuta agookya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, ebifo ebikozesa amasannyalaze g'omu ttaka mu Olkaria (okumpi ne Nairobi), n'amasannyalaze agaleetebwa okuva e Uganda bye bikola ekitundu ekisigaddeyo. Oluguudo lw'amasannyalaze olwa MW 2,000 okuva e Ethiopia lwamalirizibwa mu 2022. E Kenya obusobozi obuteereddwawo bweyongera okuva ku megawatts 1,142 wakati wa 2001 ne 2003 okutuuka ku 2,341 mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peak Demands – Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics |url=http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207063902/http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Kenya Ministry of Energy}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1997 nga kiyitibwa Kenya Power Company, kye kikola ku kukola amasannyalaze, Kenya Electricity Transmission Company kikola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze ate Kenya Power and Lighting ekola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga. Ebbula ly'amasannyalaze libaawo buli luvannyuma lw'ekiseera, ekyeya bwe kikendeeza ku ntambula y'amazzi. Okusobola okufuna amasannyalaze agamala, Kenya etaddewo amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba (buli limu lya MW 300), era erina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuzimba ekkolero ly'amasannyalaze ga nukiriya mu 2027.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=Kenya plans nuclear plant by 2027 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227121952/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=26 December 2017 |website=The East African |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>McGregor, Sarah (20 September 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115140634/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html|date=15 November 2013}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Kenya erina amafuta agakakasiddwa mu Turkana. Tullow Oil eteebereza nti amafuta agali mu ggwanga gali mu bipipa kumpi akawumbi kamu.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725035553/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html|date=25 July 2014}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso okulaba oba nga waliwo amafuta amalala. Kenya mu kiseera kino egula amafuta gonna aga crude petroleum ge yeetaaga. Okuva mu 2013 gavumenti yasalawo okugula amafuta aga white petroleum agakoleddwa. Kenya Pipeline Company y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ga white petroleum. Ekitongole ekitambuza amafuta ekya Kenya Pipeline Company ye parastatal eya gavumenti ng'erina obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ameeru. Gye buvuddeko awo gavumenti yagiggyako obwannannyini nga gavumenti erina omugabo mitono. Kenya terina tterekero lya mafuta era yeesigama ku bitongole ebikola ku by'amafuta ebyatereka amafuta agamala ennaku 21 nga kino kyetaagisa mu mateeka g'amakolero. Amafuta gakola ebitundu 20%-ku-25% ku by'amaguzi byonna ebigulibwa okuva ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120619062331/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE74J0F220110520?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 Kenya plans strategic oil reserve]. Reuters (10 November 2011).</ref> '''Ba musiga nsimbi aba China n'obusuubuzi''' Ebyafulumizibwa ku mukutu gwa Capital FM owa Kenya nga byawandiikibwa Liu Guangyuan, omubaka wa China mu Kenya, mu kiseera Pulezidenti Kenyatta we yagendera e Beijing mu 2013, byagamba nti, "Okusiga ensimbi kwa China mu Kenya ... kwatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 474, nga kino kye kyali ensibuko y'okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru eyali esinga obunene mu Kenya, era ... eby'obusuubuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi ... byatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 2.84" mu 2012. Kenyatta yali "awerekeddwa abasuubuzi ba Kenya 60 [era nga yali asuubira] ... okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu China ku nteekateeka y'eggaali y'omukka eya ddoola obuwumbi 2.5 okuva ku mwalo gw'e Mombasa mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Kenya okutuuka ku Uganda ey'oku muliraano, awamu ne daamu ya ddoola obuwumbi 1.8", okusinziira ku kiwandiiko okuva mu ofiisi ya pulezidenti, era mu kiseera ky'olugendo luno.<ref name="wp01" /> Base Titanium, ekitongole ekya Base Resources eky'omu Australia, kyasindika mu China ebintu byakyo eby'omuwendo ebisooka. Tani nga 25,000 eza ilmenite zaasimbula okuva mu kibuga ky'e Kenya ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ekiyitibwa Kilifi. Ebintu ebyasooka okuleetebwa ku mwalo byali bisuubirwa okuvaamu ssente za Kenya eziri mu buwumbi bwa KSh.15–20/= mu magoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jackson Okoth |last2=Philip Mwakio |date=14 February 2014 |title=Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128083340/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Mu 2014, pulojekiti y'eggaali y'omukka eya China okuva e Nairobi okutuuka e Mombasa yayimirizibwa olw'obutakkaanya ku kusasula/ okuliyirira abantu bannanyini ettaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shem Oirere |date=23 October 2014 |title=Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129170952/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> '''Vision 2030''' Mu 2007, gavumenti ya Kenya yatongoza Vision 2030, enteekateeka y'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna gy'esuubira okuteeka eggwanga mu kifo kye kimu n'Amawanga ga Asia ag'eby'enfuna ag'amaanyi mu 2030. Mu 2013, yatongoza National Climate Change Action Plan, oluvannyuma lw'okukkiriza nti okubuusa amaaso embeera y'obudde ng'ensonga enkulu mu Vision 2030 kyali kibulamu. Enteekateeka eno ey'empapula 200, eyakolebwa n'obuyambi okuva mu Climate & Development Knowledge Network, eteekawo okwolesebwa kwa Gavumenti ya Kenya ku nkulaakulana ey'engeri y'okukendeeza ku kaboni mu ngeri ey'obuvunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y'obudde. Mu kutongoza mu Gwokusatu 2013, Omuwandiisi wa Minisitule y’Enteekateeka, Enkulaakulana ey’Eggwanga, ne Vision 2030 yaggumiza nti embeera y’obudde yandibadde nsonga nkulu mu nteekateeka ya Medium-Term eyali egenda okutongozebwa mu myezi egigenda okujja. Kino kyandireeseewo enkola ennungi ey’okutuusa ku bantu enteekateeka ey’Ebikolwa era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde ekwatibwa ng’ensonga ekwata ku by'enfuna byonna..<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/ NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075422/http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/|date=14 May 2013}}, Climate & Development Knowledge Network, 28 March 2013</ref> Ate era, Kenya yaweereza NDC ey’omulembe, eyalimu ebiruubirirwa eby’amaanyi nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2020, ng’erimu okweyama okukendeeza ku gasi ezitega olubugumu ku nsi ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi mu 2030 bw’ogeraageranya n’embeera eya bulijjo era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka yaayo ey’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’embeera zaayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Climate Change Country Profile |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231230420/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=climatelinks.org}}</ref> '''Okuvumbula amafuta''' Kenya ezuddeyo amafuta mu Ssaza lye Turkana. Pulezidenti Mwai Kibaki yalangirira nga 26 Ogwokusatu 2012 nti kampuni ya Tullow Oil, ey'Abangereza n'Abayiruki abanoonyereza ku mafuta, yali ezuddeyo amafuta, naye obusobozi bwago okuvaamu ssente n'okugakozesa byali byakutwala emyaka nga esatu okukakasibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488 Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318140249/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488|date=18 March 2018}}. BBC News. 26 March 2012.</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 2006, pulezidenti wa China Hu Jintao yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okunoonyereza ku mafuta ne Kenya, nga kino kye kimu ku by'obusuubuzi ebyakolebwa okusobozesa eby'obugagga bya Afirika okugenda mu maaso okuweereza China eyali egaziya ennyo mu by'enfuna. Endagaano eno yakkiriza kampuni ya China eya CNOOC okusima amafuta mu Kenya, era nga kino kyali kitandika okusima amafuta mu bitundu bya Sudan n'ekitundu ekiriko enkaayana mu North Eastern Province, ku nsalo ne Somalia n'ebitundu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Waliwo okuteebereza okw'ekikugu okukwata ku bungi bw'amafuta agasobola okuzuulibwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Barber|first1=Lionel|last2=England|first2=Andrew|date=10 August 2006|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513072549/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|archive-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> '''Ebikolwa by'okulwanyisa okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi''' Mu 2017, Kenya yawera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw'ensi, ebitundu 80% eby'abantu bagondera etteeka/okuwera kuno. Oluvannyuma, mu 2020, okuwera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu kwa yongezebwayo mu bifo ebikuumibwa, omuli ebibira n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last=Kimeu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-30|title=After a plastic bag ban, Kenya takes another shot at its pollution problem|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|access-date=2023-10-06|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180647/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> tteeka eryayisibwa mu Gwomusanvu 2023 liragira kampuni okukendeeza ku bucaafu n’okukosa obutonde bw’ensi ebiva mu bintu bye baleeta mu katale ka Kenya, kinnoomu oba nga bayita mu nteekateeka ez’awamu. Obutafaananako n’ebyakolebwa emabega, bizinensi kati zirina okw'enyigira mu nteekateeka ez’okukungaanya kasasiro n’okuddamu okukozesa ebintu, gamba nga enteekateeka ya Petco eyassibwawo gavumenti mu 2018.<ref name=":4" /> '''Emirimu n'abakozi''' Kenya erina abakozi obukadde nga 24 n'omuwendo gw'abakola ogw'awamu gwa 74%, omuwendo gw'abatalina mirimu mu 2022 gwateeberezebwa okubeera ku biundu 5.6%<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/ |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Okusinziira ku alipoota ya Banka y'Ensi Yonna eya 2019 Human Capital Index (HCI), eyapima obusobozi bw'abantu mu mulembe oguddako, Kenya yali esinga mu mawanga agali mu Sub-Saharan Africa n'obubonero bwa HCI obwa 0.52. Alipoota eno yagatta wamu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebikulu, omuli okusoma, okutaasa abaana, omutindo gw'okusoma, okukula obulungi n'okuwangaala kw'abantu abakulu mu alipoota emu eri wakati wa 0–1.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=Kenya beats sub-Saharan Africa peers in World Bank global human capital index |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401153950/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Business Daily}}</ref> '''Bbanka eziwola ensimbi''' Ebitongole ebisukka mu 20 biwa looni z'ebyobusuubuzi ku kigero ekinene, looni z'ebyobulimi, looni z'ebyenjigiriza, ne looni ez'ebigendererwa ebirala. Okwongereza ku ekyo, waliwo: * looni ez'amangu, ezisingako okuba ez'ebbeeyi mu kigero ky'amagoba, naye nga zifunika mangu * looni z'ebibinja ebitono (abali wakati wa bana ne bataano) n'ebibinja ebinene (okutuuka ku bantu 30) * looni z'abakyala, nga nazo zisobola okufunibwa ne mu bibinja by'abakyala Mu bantu abali mu bukadde nga 40 mu Kenya, obukadde nga 14 tebasobola kufuna buweereza bwa byanfuna okuyitira mu kusaba kw'okwewola mu butongole, ate obukadde obulala 12 tebalina we bayinza kufuna buweereza bwe by'enfuna. Okugatta ku ekyo, Bannakenya akakadde 1 be beesigama ku bibinja ebitali bya bitongole okufuna obuyambi mu by'enfuna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=http://mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603203238/http://www.mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=MFI Upgrading and Rating Initiative of the Development Bank of Austria}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku kizibu kino, enkola ya mobile banking service M-Pesa yatandikibwawo mu 2007 Vodafone ne Safaricom, nga bakolera wamu okuva mu Financial Deepening Challenge Fund competition eyatandikibwawo ekitongole kya UK government's Department for International Development. M-Pesa esobozesa abagikozesa okuteekako ssente, okuggyayo ssente, okusindika ssente, okusasula ebintu n’obuweereza (Lipa na M-Pesa), okufuna looni n’okutereka, byonna nga bakozesa masimu,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saylor |first=Michael |year=2012 |title=The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything |url=https://archive.org/details/mobilewavehowmob0000sayl |publisher=Perseus Books/Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1593157203 |page=202; 304 |url-access=registration}}</ref> esobozesezza obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abakenya abali mu mbeera y’obwavu okufuna enkola za digito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tavneet Suri, and |first=William Jack |date=2016 |title=The Long-run Poverty and Gender Impacts of Mobile Money |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2016-12-09_354_6317/page/1288 |journal=Science |volume=354 |issue=6317 |pages=1288–1292 |bibcode=2016Sci...354.1288S |doi=10.1126/science.aah5309 |pmid=27940873 |s2cid=42992837}}</ref> == Ebibalo by'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya [[Kenya National Bureau of Statistics]] mu 2019 kwategeeza nti omuwendo gw'abantu mu Kenya guli 47,564,296.<ref name=":2" /> Eggwanga lirina abantu abakyali abato, nga ebitundu 73% ku batuuze bali wansi w'emyaka 30 olw'okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu okw'amangu,<ref>"[https://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html Why a new president may slow population growth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215203953/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html|date=15 February 2009}}". ''The Christian Science Monitor''. 14 January 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zinkina J. |last2=Korotayev A. |year=2014 |title=Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out) |url=https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |url-status=live |journal=World Futures |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=120–139 |citeseerx=10.1.1.691.8612 |doi=10.1080/02604027.2014.894868 |s2cid=53051943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200646/https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> okuva ku bukadde 2.9 okutuuka ku bantu 40 mu kyasa ekiyise.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html Exploding population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715084143/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html|date=15 July 2014}}". ''The New York Times''. 7 January 2008.</ref> Nairobi maka eri Kibera, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna. Ekibuga kino kirimu obuyumba obubi ennyo kigambibwa okubeeramu abantu wakati wa 170,000<ref name="nation1">{{cite news|last=Karanja|first=Muchiri|date=3 September 2010|title=Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up|work=[[Daily Nation]]|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206103830/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> ne 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2010 |title=World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115082027/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |archive-date=15 January 2012 |access-date=10 February 2012 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ekitebe kya UNHCR mu Dadaab mu Bukiikakkono kirimu abantu nga 500,000.<ref name="DadaabPop">[http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab The UN Refugee Agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223114925/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab|date=23 December 2011}}. Unhcr.org.</ref> '''Embu z'abantu''' Kenya erimu abantu ab'enjawulo abazingiramu abangi ku bika by'abantu ebikulu mu Afirika n'ennimi. Wadde nga tewali lukalala lwa butongole olw'ebika bya Bannakenya, omuwendo gw'ebika by'abantu n'ebibinja ebirala ebisengekeddwa mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga lino gukyuse nnyo mu bbanga, nga gweyongedde okuva ku 42 mu 1969 okutuuka ku 120 mu 2019.<ref name="Balaton-Chrimes2020">{{cite journal |last=Balaton-Chrimes |first=Samantha |year=2020 |title=Who are Kenya's 42(+) tribes? The census and the political utility of magical uncertainty |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=15 |pages=43–62 |doi=10.1080/17531055.2020.1863642 |issn=1753-1055 |s2cid=231681524 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abatuuze abasinga ba Bantus (60%) oba Nilotes (30%).<ref name="Asongumarr">{{cite book |last1=Asongu, J.J. |year=2007 |title=Doing Business Abroad: A Handbook for Expatriates |last2=Marr, Marvee |publisher=Greenview Publishing Co. |isbn=978-0-9797976-3-7 |pages=12, 112}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu kika kya Cushitic nabo bakola akatundu katono ku bantu abasinga obutono, nga bwe kiri ku Bawalabu, Abayindi, n'Abazungu.<ref name="Asongumarr" /><ref name="Okothndaloh">{{cite book |title=Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bfT2njyPThgC|page=60}} |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966254504}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala emiwendo gy'abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), amawanga agaali gasinga obunene mu 2019 gaali Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), ne Turkana (1,016,174). Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Kenya, ekyali kimanyiddwa nga NFD, kisingamu Basomali. Abantu abava mu mawanga amalala mulimu Abawalabu, Abaasiya, n’Abazungu. '''Ennimi''' Amawanga ga Kenya gatera okwogera ennimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa mu bitundu byabwe. Ennimi ebbiri ezikozesebwa mu butongole, Olungereza n'Oluswayiri, zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuwuliziganya n'abantu abalala. Olungereza lusinga kwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi, mu masomero, ne mu gavumenti.<ref name="Cugrwed">{{cite book |last=Proquest Info & Learning (COR) |year=2009 |title=Culturegrams: World Edition |isbn=978-0-9778091-6-5 |page=98}}</ref> Abantu ababeera okumpi n'ebibuga ne mu byalo tebatera kwogera nnimi nnyingi, ng'abasinga mu byalo boogera nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka.<ref name="Broassim">{{cite book |last1=Brown, E.K. |year=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Volume 1, Edition 2 |last2=Asher, R.E. |last3=Simpson, J.M.Y. |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044299-0 |page=181}}</ref> Olungereza olw'Abangereza lusinga kukozesebwa mu Kenya. Okwongereza ku ekyo, olulimi olw'omu kitundu olw'enjawulo, Olungereza olw'omu Kenya, lukozesebwa ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga, era lulimu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyava mu nnimi z'Abantu ab'omu kitundu nga Kiswahili ne Kikuyu.<ref name="Cliike">{{cite web |last=Nyaggah |first=Lynette Behm |title=Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax |url=http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226102504/http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |archive-date=26 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2014 |publisher=University of California}}</ref> Lwali lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza olw'omu Amerika. Lubadde lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu n'ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza lwa Amerika. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Kenya yali ku kifo kya 3 mu nsi ezisinga okwogera Olungereza mu Afirika emabega wa South Africa ne Zimbabwe era yali ku kifo kya 9 mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku English Proficiency Index (2025). Sheng lwe lulimi olw'esigamiziddwa ku Kiswahili olwogerwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu bibuga. Okusingira ddala nga lwe lufaanana nga Swahili n'Olungereza, kyakulabirako kya kukyusa mu nnimi.<ref name="Nphil">{{Cite book |last=Derek Nurse |first=Gérard Philippson |date=2006 |title=Bantu Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79683-9 |page=197 |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803182122/https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ennimi 69 ze zoogerwa mu Kenya. Ennimi ezisinga obungi ziva mu nnimi bbiri ennene: Niger-Congo (ettabi ly'aba Bantu) ne Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), ezoogerwa abantu ab'omu Kenya ab'omu mawanga ga Bantu ne Nilotic. Abantu abatono ab'omu Cushitic ne Arab boogera ennimi eziva mu Afroasiatic family, ate abantu abava mu Buyindi n'abazungu boogera ennimi eziva mu Indo-European family.<ref name="Ethnken">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE Languages of Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123235120/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE|date=23 November 2012}}. Ethnologue.com.</ref> '''Eddiini''' Abakennya abasinga bakkiriza (85.5%), nga 33.4% Bapolotesitante, 20.6% Bakatoliki ate 20.4% Banzikiriza y'ekivangeliko. Ekkereziya y'Abakatoliki y'ekkanisa y'Abakkiriza esinga obunene mu Kenya, ng'erina abantu abawera obukadde 10.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian Church of East Africa erina abagoberezi obukadde busatu mu Kenya ne mu nsi eziriraanyeewo..<ref>[http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403024055/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng|date=3 April 2013}}. Reformiert-online.net. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Waliwo amakanisa amatono aga conservative Reformed churches, Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church,<ref>{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20130416052147/http://www.wrfnet.org/c/portal/layout?p_l_id=PUB.1.24&p_p_id=62_INSTANCE_119G&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_62_INSTANCE_119G_struts_action=/journal_articles/view&_62_INSTANCE_119G_groupId=1&_62_INSTANCE_119G_articleId=479&_62_INSTANCE_119G_version=1.0|title=The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News}}. Wrfnet.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya, ne Reformed Church of East Africa. Obukristaayo obw'Abasodokisi bulina abagoberezi 621,200.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2008 |title=Kenya |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311215546/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-date=11 March 2008 |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=Oikoumene.org}}</ref> Kenya y'esinga okubaamu Abakwakka mu nsi yonna, ng'erina Abakwakka nga 146,300.<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuel |first=Bill |title=World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 – QuakerInfo.com |url=http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117115311/http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 December 2018 |website=quakerinfo.com}}</ref> Essinzizo ly'Abayudaaya lyokka mu ggwanga liri mu Nairobi. Obusiraamu ddiini ey'okubiri mu bunene, ng'erimu ebitundu 11% eby'abantu. Abasiraamu 60% mu Kenya babeera mu Coastal Region, erimu ebitundu 50% eby'abantu bonna ababeerayo, so ng'ate ekitundu ekya waggulu eky'Ebuvanjuba bwa Kenya kirimu Abasiraamu 10% ab'eggwanga, gye bali ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419081919/http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |archive-date=19 April 2010 |access-date=16 April 2010 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Eddiini z'ekinnansi zikolebwa ebitundu 0.7% eby'abantu, wadde ng'Abakristaayo n'Abasiraamu bangi abeeyita bwe batyo bakuuma enzikiriza n'obulombolombo obumu obw'ekinnansi. Abantu abatalina ddiini mu Kenya bali ebitundu 1.6% eby'abantu.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Abahindu abamu nabo babeera mu Kenya. Omuwendo gubalirirwa okubeera nga guli 60,287, oba ebitundu 0.13% eby'abantu bonna.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> '''Eby'obulamu''' Eby'obulamu kimu ku bitongole ebitali bya nkizo nnyo mu Kenya era byaweebwa ebitundu 4.8% ebya bajeti y'eggwanga mu 2019/2020 oba ebitundu 4.59% ebya GDP bw'ogeraageranya n'ebitongole ebirala ebya nkizo ennyo nga eby'enjigiriza ebyaweebwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 25%. Kino kiri wansi w'ebitundu 4.98% ebya bulijjo mu Sub-Saharan Africa ne 9.83% ebyasaasaanyizibwako mu nsi yonna. Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya kw'embalirira y'ebyobulamu eya National and County Health Budget Analysis FY 2020/21, ennyonyolwa ensaasaanya y'ebyobulamu ku mutendera gw'Essaza ng'eri ku bitundu 58% ku Policy Planning and Administrative Support Services, 28% ku Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services, 8% ku Preventive and Promotive Health Services ne 7% ku pulogulaamu endala. Obujjanjabi busasulirwa nnyo bantu ssekinnoomu n'ab'omu maka gaabwe oba abakozesa nga bayita mu kusasula obutereevu abasawo, mu nkola emanyikiddwa nga National Health Insurance Fund oba eri kampuni za yinsuwa z'ebyobujjanjabi. Okusasulirwa okulala kuva mu bitundu, ebweru w'eggwanga n'enteekateeka za gavumenti ezimu ez'okulabirira abantu. Amalwaliro gabaamu ebisale by'obujjanjabi era nga gakola ssente nnyingi eziva mu ggwanga ne mu gavumenti z'ebitundu ne zifuula amalwaliro gano okubeera ag'ebyobufuzi era ag'obuli bw'enguzi.<ref>{{citation|title=Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption in Kenya: The Case of Public Health Care Delivery|date=February 2010|url=https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|access-date=16 February 2023|publisher=Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100332/https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Amalwaliro ag'obwannannyini ga njawulo, gakyukakyuka nnyo, era mazibu okuteeka mu biti/, obutafaananako n'amalwaliro ga gavumenti, agasobola okuteekebwa mu biti omuli obujjanjabi obusookerwako (omutendera I) obukolebwa abasawo b'ebyalo; amaduuka agatunda eddagala (ebifo eby'omutendera II), ebikolebwa abasawo; amalwaliro (ebifo eby'omutendera III), ebikolebwa abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro ga sub-county (ebifo eby'omutendera IV), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu oba abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro g'Essaza (ebifo eby'omutendera V), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu; n'amalwaliro ag'eggwanga amanene (ebifo eby'omutendera VI), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu mu bujjuvu. Ba nnansi be bantu abasinga obungi mu baweereza abali ku mwanjo mu by'obulamu mu bitongole byonna, nga baddirirwa abakozi b'omu ddwaliro, abasawo abakugu, n’abo abasoma obusawo. Bano baweebwa emirimu mu buweereza bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2014), Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2020) ne Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo n’abasawo b’amannyo (2016). Abasawo b'ekinnansi (abakugu mu ddagala ly'ekinnansi, abasawo b'ekinnansi, n'abasawo b'enzikiriza) webali mu bungi, beesigika, era batera okwebuuzibwako ng'abasawo abasookerwako oba abasembayo okwebuuzibwako abantu ababeera mu byalo n'ababeera mu bibuga. Wadde nga waliwo ebintu bingi ebikoleddwa mu kisaawe ky'eby'obulamu, Kenya ekyalina okusoomoozebwa kungi. Okuteebereza okw’obulamu obusuubirwa okuwangaala kwalinnya mu 2009 okutuuka ku myaka nga 55 — emyaka etaano wansi w’omutindo gwa 1990.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85 UNICEF Statistics: Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604143317/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85|date=4 June 2019}}. Unicef.org.</ref> Omuwendo gw’abaana abafa nga bato gwali waggulu nnyo nga kumpi abaana 44 ku buli baana 1,000 be baafa mu 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke Infant Mortality ranks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke|date=2 August 2020}}. ''The World Factbook''</ref> Ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekivunanyizibwa ku by'obulamu mu ekya WHO kyateebereza mu 2011 nti ebitundu 42% byokka eby’abaana abaali bazaalibwa be baalabirirwa omukugu mu by'obulamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011 |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072744/http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> Endwadde eziva ku bwavu zikwatagana butereevu n'engeri y'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga gye bikolamu n'okugabanya eby'obugagga: Mu 2015/16, Bannakenya ebitundu 35.6% baali babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu.<ref name="Poverty Incidence in Kenya">{{cite book |title=Poverty Incidence in Kenya Declined Significantly, but Unlikely to be Eradicated by 2030 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Endwadde eziziyizibwa nga omusujja gw'ensiri, akawuka akaleeta mukenenya, lubyamira, ekiddukano, n'endya embi bye bizibu ebisinga obunene, abatta abaana abangi, era ebiviirako abantu bangi okulwala; enkola embi, obuli bw'enguzi, abasawo abatamala, obukulembeze obunafu mu kitongole ky'ebyobulamu, bingi ebivunaanyizibwa. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2009, abantu abakulu abalina akawuka ka HIV/AIDS bali ebitundu 6.3% ku bantu bonna abakulu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke|date=29 March 2019}}. Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</ref> Kyokka, alipoota ya UNAIDS eya 2011 eraga nti ekizibu ky’akawuka ka HIV kiyinza okuba nga kigenda kikendeera mu Kenya, ng’abalina akawuka ka HIV bakendeera mu bavubuka (emyaka 15–24) ne mu bakyala abali embuto.<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf|date=1 June 2013}}. UNAIDS</ref> Kenya yalina abantu abateeberezebwa okuba obukadde 15 abaafuna omusujja gw’ensiri mu 2006.<ref>[https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf "Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228111430/http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf|date=28 February 2021}}, pp. 111–113 in ''World Malaria report 2009''. WHO.</ref> Akafuba bulwadde bwa maanyi eri eby'obulamu by’abantu. Omuntu omu alina akafuba mu Kenya alina obulwadde buno emirundi egisukka mu ena okusinga mu 1990 ne 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Makori |first1=Linet |last2=Gichana |first2=Haggray |last3=Oyugi |first3=Elvis |last4=Nyale |first4=George |last5=Ransom |first5=James |date=2021 |title=Tuberculosis in an urban hospital setting: Descriptive epidemiology among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital TB clinic, Nairobi, Kenya |journal=International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences |volume=15 |doi=10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100308 |doi-access=free |article-number=100308}}</ref> Enjala mu Nsi Yonna ey'omwaka 2024 kyawa Kenya obubonero 25.0, nga kiraga nti obubi bw'enjala buli ku "ddala lya maanyi".<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels}}</ref> '''Abakyala''' Omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala mu Kenya gwali gubalirirwa okuba abaana 4.49 buli mukazi mu 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407115910/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa gavumenti ya Kenya mu 2008–09, omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala gwali ebitundu 4.6% ate omuwendo gw'abakazi abakozesa enkola za kizaalaggumba gwali ebitundu 46%.<ref>[http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23 Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102045335/http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23|date=2 January 2019}}. Kenya National Data Archive (KeNADA)</ref> Okufa kw'abakyala abazaala kuli waggulu, olw'okukomolebwa kw'abakyala,<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov4">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> nga kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bakyala baakikola.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices |url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029201427/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |archive-date=29 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Kyokka, ekikolwa kino kikendedde ng'eggwanga lyeyongera okukulaakulana, era mu 2011 kyawerebwa mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boseley |first=Sarah |date=8 September 2011 |title=FGM: Kenya acts against unkindest cut |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617091857/https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |archive-date=17 June 2017 |access-date=7 January 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Abakazi baaweebwa amaanyi n'omwagaanya mu by'enfuna nga tebannafugibwa bafuzi b'amatwale. Okuyita mu kugabana ettaka, abakazi baafiirwa obusobozi bw'okufuna n'okufuga ettaka.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=Women's participation in the kenyan society |url=http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women's%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111134944/http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women%27s%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Center for International Private Enterprise}}</ref> Baafuuka ba maanyi mu by'enfuna nga beesigama ku basajja.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Enteekateeka y'ekikula ky'abantu ey'amatwale yajjawo nga abasajja babuutikira abakazi.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Emyaka egiri wakati w'obufumbo obusooka gyeyongera n'okweyongera mu by'enjigiriza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403000621/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Okukabasanya n'okukaka omukwano, okusobya ku baana abatanneetuuka, n'okukuba tebitera kulabibwa nga misango gya maanyi.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005725/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Sydney eScholarship Repository}}</ref> Alipoota ezikwata ku kutulugunyizibwa oba okukabasanya tezitera kutwalibwa nga nkulu.<ref name="auto2" /> '''Abavubuka''' Akawayiro 260 mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya owa 2010 kannyonnyola abavubuka ng’abo abali wakati w’emyaka 18 ne 34.<ref>{{cite web |title=Const2010 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607042248/http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |archive-date=7 June 2018 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bibalo by’omuwendo gw’abantu n’okubala abantu okwa 2019, ebitundu 75 ku buli kikumi ku bantu obukadde 47.6 bali wansi w’emyaka 35, ekifuula Kenya eggwanga ly’abavubuka.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Out of 47.6 million Kenyans, 35.7 million are under the age of 35 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207193147/https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> Ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka n’okukola emirimu egitasasula bulungi mu Kenya kifuuse ekizibu.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=D.G |first=Kabata |title=Why youth unemployment problem require more than a strait jacket solution |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160550/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunanyizibwa ku kubala abantu mu Kenya ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), abantu nga 1.7 baafiirwa emirimu gyabwe olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ekyaggyawo emirimu egimu egitawandiisiddwa era ne kireetera eby'enfuna okukendeera.<ref name="auto3" /> Gavumenti ya Kenya etaddewo enkola okukwasaganya ensonga y'ebbula ly'emirimu mu bavubuka ng'eteeka mu nkola enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'okuyamba abantu n'enteekateeka ez'enjawulo omuli: National Youth Service, The National Youth Enterprise Development Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Youth Enterprise Development Fund |url=http://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316024321/https://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Women Enterprise Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Enterprise Fund – Kenya – 50 Million African Women Speak |url=https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=womenconnect.org}}</ref> ''Kazi Mtaani, Ajira Digital, Kikao Mtaani'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Kikao Mtaani |url=https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=youth.go.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Uwezo fund'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Uwezo Fund – A flagship programme for vision 2030 |url=https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Future Bora''<ref>{{cite web |title=Home {{!}} Future Bora Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225162053/https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Future Bora}}</ref> ne ''Studio mashinani''<ref>{{cite web |last=PLC |first=Standard Group |title=studio mashinani |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160551/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> ezizzaamu abavubuka amaanyi, okubawa emirimu n'okutumbula omutindo gw'obulamu bw'omuntu. '''Eby'enjigiriza''' [[File:MSc student at Kenyatta University.jpg|thumb|Omuyizi w'obusawo mu Yunivasite ys Kenyatta mu Nairobi]] Abaana basomera mu masomero ga nasale oba aga kindergarten ag'obwannannyini, okutuusa nga bawezezza emyaka etaano. Kino kimala emwaka gumu okutuuka ku esatu (KG1, KG2 ne KG3) era kisasulirwa bantu kinnoomu kubanga tewabangawo tteeka lya gavumenti ku kusomesa abaana abatanneetuuka okutuusa gye buvuddeko.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reporter |first=Standard |title=Government to review Early Childhood Development policy |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822022539/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Okusoma okwa bulijjo kutandika ku myaka mukaaga era kumala emyaka 12, nga mulimu emyaka munaana mu pulayimale n’ena mu sekendule. Essomero lya pulayimale lya bwereere mu masomero ga gavumenti era abo abalisomeramu basobola okwegatta ku matendekero g’ebyemikono aga youth/village polytechnic, oba okukola enteekateeka zaabwe ku lwabwe ez’okutendekebwa mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ne bayiga emirimu nga okutunga, okubajja, okukanika emmotoka, okukuba amatoffaali n’okuzimba okumala emyaka nga ebiri.<ref name=":22">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Abo abamaliriza siniya basobola okuyingira mu matendekero ga politekiniki oba amatendekero amalala ag'ebyemikono ne basomera emyaka esatu, oba okugenda butereevu ku ssettendekero ne basomera emyaka ena. Abamaliriza okuva mu matendekero ga politekiniki ne mu matendekero amalala basobola okuyingira mu mirimu n'oluvannyuma ne bafuna dipulooma ey'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okwongerako omwaka gumu oba ebiri ogw'okutendekebwa, oba okugenda ku ssettendekero—nga mu mwaka ogw'okubiri oba ogw'okusatu ogw'essomo lyabwe eribabeeramu. Dipulooma ey'awaggulu ekkirizibwa abakozesa bangi mu kifo kya diguli eya bachelor's era okuyingira butereevu oba okwanguyirwa okugenda mu misomo egya waggulu kisoboka mu ssettendekero ezimu. [[File:Masai girl at school doing maths.jpg|thumb|Omuwala omu Masai ku ssomero]] Ssettendekero za gavumenti mu Kenya zafuuka z'ansimbi era zitunda nnyo era batono nnyo ku abo abamalirizza emisomo gyabwe mu siniya abakkirizibwa okusomera ku sikaala za gavumenti mu pulogulaamu ze baagala. Abasinga bakkirizibwa mu bya ssaayansi ezikwata ku bantu, ezitwala ssente entono okuddukanya, oba ng'abayizi abeeteeseteese okusasulira ddala ebisale by'okusoma kwabwe. Abayizi abasinga abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo naye ne balemererwa okufuna ebifo basalawo okusoma dipulooma ez'omutendera ogwa wakati mu ssettendekero za gavumenti oba ez'obwannannyini, amatendekero, ne mu matendekero ga politekiniki. Mu 2018, ebitundu 18.5 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abakulu mu Kenya baali tebamanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, era nga guno gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'abantu abasobola okusoma n'okuwandiika mu East Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Kenya {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128112128/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Sub-Saharan Africa {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416224534/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Waliwo enjawulo ennene mu bitundu: okugeza, Nairobi yalina omutindo gw'okusoma n'okuwandiika ogusinga obunene nga guli ku bitundu 87.1 ku buli kikumi, bw'ogeraageranya n'Essaza ly'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, eryali lisembayo wansi, ku bitundu 8.0 ku buli kikumi. Preschool, ekiruubirira abaana okuva ku myaka esatu okutuuka ku etaano, kitundu kikulu mu nkola y'ebyenjigiriza era kye kyetaagisa okuyingira mu Standard One (First Grade). Ku nkomerero y'okusoma kwa pulayimale, abayizi batuula ebigezo bya Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu siniya oba okutendekebwa mu by'emikono. Ebiva mu bigezo bino byetaagisa okusobola okusindikibwa mu siniya.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Essomero lya pulayimale lya bayizi abali wakati w'emyaka 6/7-13/14. Abo abagenda mu siniya, waliwo ebigezo by'eggwanga lyonna ku nkomerero ya siniya Ey'okuna – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu yunivasite, okutendekebwa okulala okw'ekikugu, oba emirimu. Abayizi batuula ebigezo mu masomo munaana ge balonze. Kyokka, Olungereza, Kiswahili, n'okubala bye masomo ag'obuwaze. Ekitongole kya Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), ekyali ekiyitibwa Joint Admissions Board (JAB), kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kulonda abayizi abayingira mu yunivasite za gavumenti. Ng'oggyeeko amasomero ga gavumenti, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'obwannannyini, okusingira ddala mu bitundu by'ebibuga. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'ensi yonna agakola ku nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ez'enjawulo ez'ensi z'ebweru. Kenya yali mu kifo kya 102 mu Global Innovation Index mu 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/kenya |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dutta |first=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> == Obuwangwa == Obuwangwa bwa Kenya buzingiramu obulombolombo obw'enjawulo okuva mu mawanga 42 (+).[1] Kenya terina buwangwa bumanyiddwa nnyo. Wabula elimu obuwangwa obw'enjawulo mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Abantu abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu Abaswayiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, abantu abalala ab'ekika kya Bantu mu bitundu bya wakati ne mu Bugwanjuba, n'abantu ab'ekika kya Nilotic mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba. Obuwangwa bw'Abamaasai bumanyiddwa nnyo mu by'obulambuzi, wadde nga bantu batono nnyo mu bantu abali mu Kenya. Bamanyiddwa olw'okwesiiga n'okwambala eby'omuwendo eby'okwewunda. Kenya erina ennyimba, ttivvi, n'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu bingi. '''Ebiwandiiko''' [[File:Nation media house.jpg|thumb|Ekitebe kya Nation Media House ekikulembera Nation Media Group]] [[File:Ngugi wa Thiong'o - Festivaletteratura 2012.JPG|thumb|Omuwandiisi Munnakenya [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]]] [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] y'omu ku bawandiisi ba Kenya abasinga okumanyibwa. Ekitabo kye ''Weep Not'', Child kiraga obulamu mu Kenya mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Bungereza. Emboozi eno eraga ebizibu bya Mau Mau ku bulamu bw'Abannakenya. Okugattika kw'ebigambo ebirimu—obufuzi bw'amatwale, okusoma, n'okwagala—kyayamba okukifuula kimu ku bitabo by'Abafirika ebisinga okumanyibwa. Akatabo ka [[M.G. Vassanji]] aka 2003 ''The In-Between World of Vikram Lall'' kaawangula ekirabo kya Giller Prize mu 2003. Kino kiwandiiko eky'ekikungu ak'Omunnakennya ow'obuzaale bw'Abayindi ne famire ye nga bwe bagezaako okumanyiira embeera z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu Kenya ey'amatwale n'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale. Okuva mu 2003, akatabo k'ebiwandiiko akayitibwa ''Kwani?'' kabadde kafulumya ebiwandiiko bya Bannakenya eby'omulembe guno. Kenya era ezimbye abawandiisi abapya abalina obusobozi obw'enjawulo nga Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) abalaga endowooza ya Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite book |date=3 December 2017 |title=Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1973456803}}</ref> '''Ennyimba''' Kenya erina ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezimanyiddwa ennyo, okwongereza ku ngeri z'ennyimba ez'ekinnansi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku njawulo y'ennimi ezisukka mu 40 ez'ebitundu.<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103130711/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html|date=3 November 2011}}, [[WIPO]] Magazine (July 2007).</ref> [[File:Juacali 1.jpg|thumb|Muyimbi Munnakenya amanyikiddwa ennyo]] Engoma ze zisinga okukozesebwa mu nnyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo. Ennyimba z'engoma ziba nzibu nnyo era zirimu ennyimba z'ekinnansi n'ezo ezireeteddwa okuva ebweru, naddala ez'ekika kya cavacha eza Congo. Ennyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo zitera okubaamu ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana, era ennaku zino, waliwo n'ennyimba za gita eziwuniikiriza. Era waliwo abayimbi ba hip-hop abawera, omuli Jua Cali; ebibiina bya Afro-pop nga Sauti Sol; n'abayimbi abazannya ennyimba ez'ekinnansi nga Benga, nga Akothee. Ebigambo ebiri mu nnyimba zino bitera kubeera mu Luswayiri oba mu Lungereza. Waliwo n'ekintu ekirala ekigenda kyeyongera mu Lingala ekiggyibwa ku bayimbi b'omu Congo. Ebigambo era biwandiikibwa mu nnimi ennansi. Leediyo z'omu bibuga zitera kuwuliriza nnyimba za Lungereza zokka, wadde nga waliwo ne leediyo endala ezikozesa ennimi ennansi. Zilizopendwa kika kya nnyimba z'omu bibuga ezaakwatibwa mu myaka gya 1960, 70, ne 80 abayimbi nga Daudi Kabaka, Fadhili William, ne Sukuma Bin Ongaro, era nga zisinga kunyumirwa bantu abakulu—nga zaamanyibwa nnyo olw'okuweerezebwa ku mpewo za Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's Kiswahili service (edda eyayitibwanga Voice of Kenya oba VOK). Isukuti ge mazina ag'amaanyi agakolebwa ebika by'Abaluha ab'omu Luhya nga bakuba engoma ey'ekinnansi eyitibwa Isukuti ku mikolo mingi nga okuzaalibwa kw'omwana, obufumbo, oba okuziika. Amazina amalala ag'ennono mulimu Ohangla mu Balo, Nzele mu Bamiikenda, Mugithi mu Bakikuyu, ne Taarab mu Baswayiri. Kenya erina ennyimba z'eddiini ezilyowa emyoyo. Abayimbi b'ennyimba z'ekkanisa abamanyifu mu ggwanga mulimu ekibiina kya Kenyan Boys Choir. Ennyimba za benga zibadde zimanyiddwa okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960, naddala mu kitundu ekiriraanye Ennyanja Nalubaale. Ekigambo ''benga'' oluusi kikozesebwa okutegeeza ekika kyonna eky'ennyimba za pop. Bass, guitar, n'okukuba ebivuga bye bintu ebitera okukozesebwa. '''Eby'emizannyo''' [[File:2012 Summer Olympics – Womens 5000 metres heat 1 - 1.jpg|thumb|Jepkosgei Kipyego ne Jepkemoi Cheruiyot mu mpaka za London Olympics 2012]] Kenya yeenyigira mu mizannyo mingi egy'enjawulo omuli cricket, okuvuga emmotoka z'empaka, omupiira, rugby, field hockey, n'ebikonde. Eggwanga limanyiddwa nnyo olw'obuwanguzi bwayo mu misinde egy'okwetooloola ekisaawe n'egy'okwetooloola ebbanga eddene, nga bulijjo libadde livaamu bannantameggwa mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki ne mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth Games mu misinde egy'enjawulo, naddala mu mita 800, 1,500, 3,000 steeplechase, 5,000, 10,000, n'emisinde mubuna byalo. Abaddusi ba Kenya (naddala Kalenjin), beeyongera okufuga ensi y'okudduka emisinde emiwanvu, wadde nga okuvuganya okuva e Morocco ne Ethiopia kukendeezezza obukulu buno. Abamu ku baddusi ba Kenya abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu omuwanguzi w'empaka z'abakazi eza Boston Marathon emirundi ena era omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna emirundi ebiri [[Catherine Ndereba]], omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna ow'obudde bwa mita 800 [[David Rudisha]], eyaliko omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna mu misinde gy'okwetooloola ebyalo [[Paul Tergat]], ne [[John Ngugi]] eyawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya 5000m mu Olympics. Omuddusi wa Kenya asinga okuweebwa ebirabo ye [[Eliud Kipchoge]], eyawangula emidaali gya zaabu emirundi esatu mu Olympics era eyawangula emisinde gy'ensi yonna emirundi kkumi na gumu. Kenya yawangula emidaali mingi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya Beijing nga baawangula emidaali gya: zaabu mukaaga, feeza nnya, ne kikomo nnya, ne kigifuula eggwanga lya Afirika erisinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya 2008. Abazannyi abapya baafuna ettutumu, gamba nga Pamela Jelimo, omuwanguzi w'omudaali gwa zaabu mu mmita 800 eyagenda mu maaso n'okuwangula IAAF Golden League jackpot, ne Samuel Wanjiru, eyawangula emisinde gy'abasajja egy'amubuna byalo. Kipchoge Keino eyawummula eyawangula Olimpiki ne Common Wealth Games yayamba okutandikawo obuwanguzi mu misinde mu myaka gya 1970 era n'agobererwa Henry Rono eyawangula Common Wealth Champion's spectacular string of world record performances. Gye buvuddeko awo, wabaddewo obutakkaanya mu baddusi b'omu Kenya, ng'abaddusi ba Kenya bangi baddukira mu mawanga amalala, okusingira ddala Bahrain ne Qatar.<ref name="IAAF">IAAF: {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130509091352/http://www.iaaf.net/mm/Document/imported/42196.pdf Changes of Allegiance 1998 to 2005]}}</ref> Minisitule y'ebyemizannyo mu Kenya egezezzaako okukomya okudduka mu mawanga, naye beeyongeddeyo, nga Bernard Lagat gwe basembyeyo, okusalawo okukiikirira Amerika.<ref name="IAAF" />Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abadduka mu mawanga gaabwe baddukira mu mawanga malala, kiva ku nsonga za byanfuna oba ebyensimbi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mynott |first=Adam |date=20 May 2005 |title=Kenya examines track star defections |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4566821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417231056/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4566821.stm |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okusalawo kwa gavumenti ya Kenya okussa omusolo ku nnyingiza y'abaddusi nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kye kibasindiikiriza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120245/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abatasobola kuyitamu ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi basanga obuzibu okuyitamu nga badduka ku ttiimu z'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the defections? |url=http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818074600/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:David Rudisha Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Omuwanguzi w'emisinde gya mita 800, David Rudisha]] Kenya ebadde n'amaanyi mangi mu muzannyo gw'abakyala ogwa volleyball mu Afirika, nga kiraabu ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ziwangula empaka ez'enjawulo ku ssemazinga mu myaka ekkumi egiyise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence {{!}} Kenya Page Blog |url=http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612121336/http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2015 |title=Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards {{!}} |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803233901/http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=chimpreports.com}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala ezannye mu Olimpiki ne mu mpaka z'ensi yonna, wadde nga tebadde na buwanguzi bwa maanyi. Cricket gwe muzannyo omulala ogumanyiddwa ennyo, era nga gwe gusinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gy'ebibinja. Kenya ezannye mu Cricket World Cup okuva mu 1996. Baakubaamu ezimu ku ttiimu ezisinga obulungi mu nsi era ne batuuka ku ddaala lya semi-finals mu mpaka za 2003. Baawangula World Cricket League Division 1 eyasooka eyali mu Nairobi era ne beetaba mu World T20. Era beetaba mu ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kapiteeni waabwe aliwo kati ye Rakep Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Cricket Kenya |url=http://www.cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328200749/http://cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=cricketkenya.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:Roshan Ali.jpg|thumb|Roshan Ali eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo ku ttiimu ya Kenya eya Hockey]] Rugby yeeyongera okumanyibwa, naddala n’empaka za Safari Sevens ezibaawo buli mwaka. Ttiimu ya Kenya eya Sevens yali mu kifo kya 9 mu IRB Sevens World Series mu sizoni ya 2006. Mu 2016, ttiimu yakuba Fiji mu mpaka za Singapore Sevens ez’akamalirizo, ekyaleetera Kenya okubeera eggwanga ery’okubiri mu Afirika oluvannyuma lwa South Africa okuwangula empaka za World Series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2016 |title=Kenya win Singapore Sevens title |url=http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621175817/http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=SuperSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420153557/http://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=17 April 2016 |title=HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619110410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |archive-date=19 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Kenya nayo yali eggwanga ery'amaanyi mu mupiira mu kitundu. Kyokka, obuyinza bwayo bukendedde olw'enkaayana mu kibiina ekyali kiddukanya omupiira mu kenya ekya Kenya Football Federation ekitakyaliwo,<ref>New Vision, 3 June 2004: [http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 Wrangles land Kenya indefinite FIFA ban] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110015009/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022|date=10 January 2008}}</ref> ekiviiriddeko okugobebwa FIFA mu Gwokusatu 2007. Mu mpaka z'emmotoka ez'empaka, Kenya y'ewaka w'empaka za Safari Rally ezimanyiddwa mu nsi yonna, ezimanyiddwa ng'emu ku mpaka ezisinga okuba enzibu mu nsi yonna.<ref>The Auto Channel, 21 July 2001: [http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210095507/http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html|date=10 December 2007}}</ref> Empaka zino zaasooka kubaawo mu 1953, era zaali kitundu ku mpaka za World Rally Championship okumala emyaka mingi okutuusa lwe zaagibwamu oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2002 olw'ebizibu by'ensimbi. Abamu ku bavuzi b'empaka z'emmotoka abasinga obulungi mu nsi yonna beenyigidde mu mpaka zino era ne baziwangula, gamba nga Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz, ne Colin McRae. Empaka za Safari Rally zaakomawo mu mpaka za nsi yonna mu 2021, oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2003–2019 okutegekebwa ng'ekitundu ku African Rally Championship. Nairobi etegeseeko emizannyo mingi egy'amaanyi ku ssemazinga, omuli empaka za FIBA Africa Championship 1993, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ensero bwe yamalira mu bana abasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekisingayo obulungi okutuusa kati.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html 1993 FIBA Africa Championship for Men] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html|date=8 October 2017}}, ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM. Retrieved 24 January 2016.</ref> Kenya nayo erina ttiimu yaayo ey'omuzannyo gwa ice hockey, eyitibwa Kenya Ice Lions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578 Color of Hockey: Kenya Ice Lions ready to roar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578|date=27 May 2022}} – [[NHL]]</ref> Ekisaawe kya ttiimu eno ekikulu kiyitibwa Solar Ice Rink ku Panari Sky Centre mu Nairobi,<ref>[https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya Hockey visit to Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya|date=27 May 2022}} – [[IIHF]]</ref><ref>[https://www.panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html Solar Ice Rink] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142634/http://panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html|date=7 July 2022}} – The Panari Hotel</ref> nga kino kye kisaawe ky'omuzannyo guno eky'asooka era ekisinga obunene mu Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2005 |title=Kenyan skaters flock to East Africa's first ice rink |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-12-26-kenyan-skaters-flock-to-east-africas-first-ice-rink/ |website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ey'omuzannyo gwa Hockey yali emu ku ttiimu ezisinga mu nsi mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970. Kenya yali mu kifo kyamukaaga mu mpaka za Summer Olympics hockey ez'omu 1964 ate mu 1971 yali mu kifo kya kuna mu mpaka z'abasajja eza FIH Hockey World Cup. '''Emmere yaabwe''' [[File:Ugali & Sukuma Wiki.jpg|thumb|Ugali ne Sukuma wiki emu ku emmere esinga okulibwa mu kenya]] Bannakenya okutwaliza awamu balya emirundi esatu olunaku—ekyenkya (kiamsha kinywa), ekyemisana (chakula cha mchana), n'ekyeggulo (chakula cha jioni oba simply chajio). Mu makkati, banywa caayi ow'essaawa 10 (chai ya saa nne) ne caayi ow'essaawa 10 ez'olweggulo (chai ya saa kumi). Ekyenkya kitera kuba caayi oba obuugi n'omugaati, chapati, mahamri, lumonde omufumbe, oba amayuuni. Githeri mmere ya bulijjo eliibwa nga eky'emisana mu maka agawerako, so nga ate Ugali n'enva endiirwa, amata (mursik), ennyama, eby'ennyanja, oba enva endala zitera kuliibwa abantu abasinga obungi nga ky'emisana oba eky'eggulo. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Kenya, mu bantu abayitibwa Luo, eby'ennyanja kye kijjulo ekisinga okuliibwa; mu bantu abayitibwa Kalenjin, abasinga obungi mu kitundu kya Rift Valley Region, mursik—amata kye ky'okunywa ekisinga okunywebwa. Cheese afuuse wa ttutumu mu Kenya, ng'okugirya kweyongedde naddala mu bantu ab'omutendera ogw'okubiri.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/ Kenyans are gradually loving cheese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114041844/http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/|date=14 November 2017}}, africanews.com, 4 September 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/ Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040913/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/|date=14 November 2017}}, howwemadeitinafrica.com, 23 August 2013.</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Amawanga ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] * [[Olukalala lw'amasaza ga Kenya]] * [[Olukalala lw'aBannakenya]] * Enkolagana ya Kenya n'amawanga amalala * Okubunyisa amazzi mu Kenya n'obuyonjo == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga ag'etaba mu mpaka za Commonwealth]] [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] hmoiu5jr9msd9qup67nw9dazbn7lvix Amabwa wakati wenjala 0 4375 78141 72969 2026-11-07T23:44:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78141 wikitext text/x-wiki Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekimanyiddwa mu by’obujjanjabi nga tinea pedis, bulwadde bwa lususu obutera okukwatibwa ebigere obuva ku ffene.<ref name="Bell2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Obubonero n’obubonero butera okuli okusiiwa, okusiiyibwa, okwatika n’okumyuuka.<ref name="CDC2009Hyg">{{cite web |date=24 December 2009 |title=Hygiene-related Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Mu mbeera ezitali nnyingi olususu luyinza okuvaamu [[ebizimba]].<ref name="CDC2015Sym">{{cite web |date=6 December 2015 |title=Symptoms of Ringworm |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120042431/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html |archive-date=20 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Enkwaso y’ekigere ky’omuzannyi eyinza okukwata ekitundu kyonna eky’ekigere, naye esinga kukula wakati w’obugere.<ref name="CDC2009Hyg2">{{cite web |date=24 December 2009 |title=Hygiene-related Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Ekitundu ekiddako ekisinga okubeera wansi ye wansi w’ekigere.<ref name="CDC2015Sym2">{{cite web |date=6 December 2015 |title=Symptoms of Ringworm |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120042431/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html |archive-date=20 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Enkwaso y’emu era eyinza [[okukosa emisumaali]] oba [[emikono]].<ref name="K2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Kibeera mu kibinja ky’endwadde ezimanyiddwa nga [[tinea]].<ref name="K20152">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiva ku buwuka obw’enjawulo,<ref name="CDC2009Hyg3">{{cite web |date=24 December 2009 |title=Hygiene-related Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref>omuli ebika bya Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, ne Microsporum.<ref name="K20153">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Embeera eno etera okufunibwa nga ekwatagana n’olususu olulina obuwuka, oba ffene mu butonde.<ref name="CDC2009Hyg4">{{cite web |date=24 December 2009 |title=Hygiene-related Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Ebifo ebya bulijjo ffene w’asobola okuwangaala byetoolodde ebidiba ebiwugirwamu ne mu loogi.<ref name="Hawkins2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hawkins DM, Smidt AC |date=April 2014 |title=Superficial fungal infections in children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2014-04_61_2/page/443 |journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=443–455 |doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003 |pmid=24636655}}</ref> Era ziyinza okusaasaana okuva mu bisolo ebirala.<ref name="CDC2015Peo">{{cite web |date=6 December 2015 |title=People at Risk for Ringworm |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907031747/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html |archive-date=7 September 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Ebiseera ebisinga okuzuula obulwadde bukolebwa okusinziira ku bubonero n’obubonero; wabula, kiyinza okukakasibwa oba nga tuyita mu butonde oba okulaba ebiwuka ebiyitibwa hyphae nga tukozesa microscope.<ref name="Hawkins20142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hawkins DM, Smidt AC |date=April 2014 |title=Superficial fungal infections in children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2014-04_61_2/page/443 |journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=443–455 |doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003 |pmid=24636655}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi tekikoma ku bannabyamizannyo bokka: kiyinza okuva ku kugenda nga tolina ngatto mu kunaaba mu lujjudde, okuleka enjala z’ebigere okukula ennyo, okwambala engatto ezinywezeddwa ennyo, oba obutakyusa masokisi buli lunaku.<ref name="K20154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref>[<ref name="CDC2015Peo2">{{cite web |date=6 December 2015 |title=People at Risk for Ringworm |url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907031747/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html |archive-date=7 September 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Kiyinza okujjanjabibwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa ku mubiri nga clotrimazole oba, ku yinfekisoni ezitaggwaawo, nga tukozesa eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa mu kamwa nga terbinafine.<ref name="Bell20122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref><ref name="K20155">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref>Ebizigo ebiteekebwa ku mubiri bitera okukozesebwa okumala wiiki nnya.<ref name="K20156">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Okukuuma ebigere ebirimu obuwuka nga bikalu n’okwambala engatto nakyo kiyamba mu kujjanjaba.<ref name="CDC2009Hyg5">{{cite web |date=24 December 2009 |title=Hygiene-related Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=CDC}}</ref> Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kyasooka kunnyonnyolwa mu by'obujjanjabi mu 1908.<ref>{{cite book |date=2013 |title=Fungal disease in Britain and the United States 1850–2000: mycoses and modernity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVDyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-37703-6 |page=44}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna, ekigere ky’omuzannyi kikosa abantu nga 15%.<ref name="Bell20123">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Ensajja zitera okukosebwa okusinga enkazi.<ref name="K20157">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Businga kubeera mu baana abakulu oba abantu abato.<ref name="K20158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST |date=December 2015 |title=Superficial Fungal Infections |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.004 |pmid=26612371}}</ref> Mu byafaayo kirowoozebwa nti yali mbeera etatera kubaawo eyafuuka ey’amaanyi mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri olw’okukozesa ennyo engatto, emiggo gy’ebyobulamu, entalo, n’okutambula.<ref>{{cite book |date=2009 |title=Antifungal Therapy. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk_vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA258 |publisher=Informa Healthcare |isbn=978-0-8493-8786-9 |veditors=Ghannoum M, Perfect JR |location=New York |page=258}}</ref> Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kyawulwamu ebika oba ennyanjula bina: ekigere ekitawona wakati wa digito, eky'omu bigere (ekizimba ekitawona; aka "ekigere kya moccasin"), eky'amabwa amangi<ref name="MerckPro">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</ref> ne vesiculobullous.<ref name="Bell20124">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Athlete's Foot |url=http://dermatology.about.com/cs/fungalinfections/a/athletesfoot.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206105110/http://dermatology.about.com/cs/fungalinfections/a/athletesfoot.htm |archive-date=6 December 2010 |access-date=26 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sports">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> "Interdigital" kitegeeza wakati w'engalo. "Plantar" wano kitegeeza enkovu y'ekigere. Embeera y’amabwa erimu ebiwundu ebifumbiddwa nga biriko ensalosalo eziriko ebikuta.<ref name="MerckPro2">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</ref> Maceration kwe kugonza n’okumenya olususu olw’okubeera ennyo mu bunnyogovu. Obulwadde bwa vesiculobullous kika kya bulwadde bwa mucocutaneous obumanyiddwa nga vesicles ne bullae (blisters). Ebiwuka byombi n’ebiwuka ebiyitibwa bullae biwundu ebijjudde amazzi, era byawulwamu obunene (ebiwujjo biba wansi wa mm 5 ate bullae nga binene okusinga mm 5, okusinziira ku nnyonyola ki ekozesebwa).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kandemir |first1=Nilüfer Onak |last2=Barut |first2=Figen |last3=Gün |first3=Banu Doğan |last4=Tekin |first4=Nilgün Solak |last5=Keser |first5=Sevinç Hallaç |last6=Özdamar |first6=Şükrü Oğuz |date=December 2012 |title=Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma |journal=Diagnostic Pathology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=101 |doi=10.1186/1746-1596-7-101 |issn=1746-1596 |pmc=3488507 |pmid=22894735 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kisinga kubeerawo wakati w’obugere (interdigital), ng’ekifo wakati wa digito ey’okuna n’ey’okutaano (ekigere ekitono n’ekigere eky’omu maaso) kye kisinga okukosebwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kandemir |first1=Nilüfer Onak |last2=Barut |first2=Figen |last3=Gün |first3=Banu Doğan |last4=Tekin |first4=Nilgün Solak |last5=Keser |first5=Sevinç Hallaç |last6=Özdamar |first6=Şükrü Oğuz |date=December 2012 |title=Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma |journal=Diagnostic Pathology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=101 |doi=10.1186/1746-1596-7-101 |issn=1746-1596 |pmc=3488507 |pmid=22894735 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="pmid12537173">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hainer BL |date=January 2003 |title=Dermatophyte infections |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2003-01-01_67_1/page/101 |journal=American Family Physician |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=101–108 |pmid=12537173}}</ref><ref name="pmid10607333">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ |date=January 2000 |title=Pustular tinea pedis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-academy-of-dermatology-journal_2000-01_42_1/page/n189 |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |volume=42 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=132–133 |doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90022-7 |pmid=10607333}}</ref> Emisango gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi wa interdigital ekiva ku Trichophyton rubrum giyinza obutaba na bubonero, giyinza okusiiwa, oba olususu wakati w’obugere luyinza okulabika ng’olumyufu oba oluliko amabwa (oluliko ebikuta, olufuukuuse, oba olugonvu era nga lweru singa olususu lubadde lukuumibwa nga lubisi),<ref name="BMJ2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R |date=July 2012 |title=The diagnosis and management of tinea |journal=BMJ |volume=345 |issue=7 |doi=10.1136/bmj.e4380 |pmid=22782730 |s2cid=38106083 |article-number=e4380}}</ref><ref name="Athlete">{{cite journal |vauthors=Likness LP |date=June 2011 |title=Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines |journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association |volume=111 |issue=6 |pages=373–379 |doi=10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373 |pmid=21771922 |doi-access=free}}</ref>[9][10] nga lusiiyibwa oba nga terusiiwa. Enkyukakyuka ya acute ulcerative variant of interdigital athlete’s foot ereetebwa T. mentagrophytes emanyiddwa nga obulumi, maceration of the skin, okukulugguka n’okukutuka kw’olususu, crusting, n’okuwunya olw’okukwatibwa obuwuka obw’okubiri.<ref name="Sports2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi w’ebigere (ekigere kya moccasin) nakyo kiva ku T. rubrum ekitera okuvaako ebikuta ebitaliimu bubonero, ebimyufu katono (ebitundu by’olususu ebimyufu) okutondebwa ku ngulu w’ekigere (sole) y’ekigere ebitera okubikkibwako ebisusunku ebirungi, ebiringa pawuda ebiyitibwa hyperkeratotic scales.<ref name="Bell20125">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref><ref name="Sports3">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Ekika ky’ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekiyitibwa vesiculobullous tekitera kubaawo era kitera kuva ku T. mentagrophytes era kimanyiddwa ng’okubutuka okw’amangu okw’ebizimba ebisiiwa n’ebizimba ku musingi ogw’ekika kya erythematous,<ref name="BMJ20122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R |date=July 2012 |title=The diagnosis and management of tinea |journal=BMJ |volume=345 |issue=7 |doi=10.1136/bmj.e4380 |pmid=22782730 |s2cid=38106083 |article-number=e4380}}</ref> ebiseera ebisinga birabika ku nseko y’ekigere. Ekika kino ekitono eky’ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okukaluba olw’okukwatibwa obuwuka obw’okubiri obuva ku Streptococcus pyogenes oba Staphylococcus aureus.<ref name="Sports4">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Ebizibu ebivaamu Obulwadde bwe bugenda bweyongera, olususu luyinza okwatika, ekivaako obuwuka okukwatibwa olususu<ref name="Sports5">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> n’okuzimba emisuwa gy’amazzi.<ref name="MerckPro3">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</ref> Singa kikkirizibwa okukula okumala ebbanga eddene, ffene w’ebigere by’omuzannyi ayinza okusaasaana okusiiga enjala z’ebigere,<ref name="NHS1">[[National Health Service]] webpage on [http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Athletes-foot/Pages/Introduction.aspx Athlete's Foot] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114062758/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Athletes-foot/Pages/Introduction.aspx|date=14 January 2015}}. Retrieved 14 January 2015.</ref> nga zirya keratin mu zo, embeera eyitibwa onychomycosis.<ref name="Flint2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Flint WW, Cain JD |date=March 2014 |title=Nail and skin disorders of the foot |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2014-03_98_2/page/213 |journal=The Medical Clinics of North America |volume=98 |issue=2 |pages=213–225 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2013.11.002 |pmid=24559870}}</ref> Olw’okuba ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiyinza okusiiwa, kiyinza n’okuleeta ekifaananyi ky’okukunya, ekivaako oyo akyaza okukunya ekitundu ekirimu akawuka nga tebannakitegeera. Okukunya kuyinza okwongera okwonoona olususu n’okwonoona embeera nga kisobozesa ffene okwanguyirwa okusaasaana n’okukula obulungi. Okusiiwa okukwatagana n’ekigere ky’omuzannyi kuyinza okuba okw’amaanyi ennyo ne kiba nti kuyinza okuleetera abakyaza okukunya n’amaanyi ekimala okuleeta ebiwundu (ebiwundu ebiggule), ebiyinza okukwatibwa obuwuka. Okwongera okukunya kiyinza okuggyawo ebikuta, ne kiziyiza enkola y’okuwona. Okusika ebitundu ebirimu obuwuka nakyo kiyinza okusaasaanya ffene ku ngalo ne wansi w’enjala. Singa tenaazibwa mangu, kiyinza okusiiga engalo n’enjala, ne kikula mu lususu ne mu misumaali (si wansi wokka). Oluvannyuma lw’okusenya, busobola okusaasaana buli muntu gy’akwatako, omuli ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala ne mu mbeera z’omuntu. Okukunya nakyo kireetera ebisusunku by’olususu ebirimu obuwuka okugwa mu mbeera y’omuntu, ekivaako okwongera okusaasaana. Enkwaso z’ebigere by’omuzannyi oba obutundutundu bw’olususu obulimu obuwuka bwe busaasaana mu mbeera y’omuntu (nga mu ngoye, engatto, ekinabiro n’ebirala) ka kibeere nga buyita mu kukunya, okugwa, oba okusiiga, tebukoma ku kusiiga bantu balala, era busobola okuddamu okusiiga (oba okwongera okusiiga) omugenyi gwe baava. Okugeza ebigere ebirimu obuwuka biyingira mu masokisi n’engatto z’omuntu ekyongera okulaga ebigere ku ffene n’obuwuka bwayo nga bizzeemu okwambala.[citation yeetaagibwa]. Obwangu ffene bw’asaasaana mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala (ku ngalo z’omuntu) buleeta ekizibu ekirala. Enkwaso bw’esaasaana mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala, kyangu okusaasaana okudda mu bigere ng’ebigere bimaze okujjanjabwa. Era olw’okuba embeera eno eyitibwa ekintu ekirala mu buli kifo ky’ekwata (e.g., tinea corporis (ringworm) oba tinea cruris (jock itch)), abantu abakwatibwa bayinza obutamanya nti bulwadde bwe bumu.[citation yeetaagibwa]. Abantu abamu bayinza okufuna alergy eri ffene eyitibwa id reaction nga mu kino ebizimba oba ebizimba bisobola okulabika mu bitundu nga emikono, ekifuba, n’emikono.<ref name="Id">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ilkit M, Durdu M, Karakaş M |date=August 2012 |title=Cutaneous id reactions: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management |journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=191–202 |doi=10.3109/1040841X.2011.645520 |pmid=22300403 |s2cid=43906095}}</ref> Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde obusirikitu butera okuvaamu okubula kw’enkola ya id.<ref name="Id2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ilkit M, Durdu M, Karakaş M |date=August 2012 |title=Cutaneous id reactions: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management |journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=191–202 |doi=10.3109/1040841X.2011.645520 |pmid=22300403 |s2cid=43906095}}</ref> Ebivaako Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ngeri ya dermatophytosis (fungal infection of the skin), ekiva ku dermatophytes, fungi (ezisinga za kikuta) ezibeera mu layers z’olususu ezifu ne zigaaya keratin.<ref name="Bell20126">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ |date=October 2012 |title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2 |pmc=7144818 |pmid=23076898 |article-number=CD003584 |veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Dermatophytes zibeera anthropophilic, ekitegeeza nti ffene zino eziwuka zisinga kwagala biwuka bya bantu. Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kisinga kuva ku bikuta ebimanyiddwa nga Trichophyton rubrum ne T. mentagrophytes,<ref name="Mycoses">{{cite journal |vauthors=Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M |date=September 2008 |title=Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide |journal=Mycoses |volume=51 |issue=Supplement 4 |pages=2–15 |doi=10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x |pmid=18783559 |s2cid=3398710}}</ref> naye era kiyinza okuva ku Epidermophyton floccosum.<ref name="Dermatophyte">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rivera ZS, Losada L, Nierman WC |date=October 2012 |title=Back to the future for dermatophyte genomics |journal=mBio |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=e00381–12 |doi=10.1128/mBio.00381-12 |pmc=3487774 |pmid=23111872 |doi-access=free |article-number=e00381-12}}</ref><ref name="Common">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andrews MD, Burns M |date=May 2008 |title=Common tinea infections in children |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |url-status=live |journal=American Family Physician |volume=77 |issue=10 |pages=1415–1420 |pmid=18533375 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010919/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Emisango egisinga egy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu bantu bonna giva ku T. rubrum; wabula, ebigere by’omuzannyi ebisinga obungi mu bannabyamizannyo biva ku T. mentagrophytes.<ref name="Sports6">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Okutambuza amawulire Okusinziira ku kitongole ky'ebyobulamu ekya Bungereza, "Ekigere ky'omuzannyi kikwata nnyo era kisobola okusaasaana okuyita mu kukwatagana obutereevu n'obutatereevu."<ref name="NHS2">[http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Athletes-foot/Pages/Causes.aspx National Health Service's webpage on Athlete's Foot causes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114110439/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Athletes-foot/Pages/Causes.aspx|date=14 January 2015}}</ref> Obulwadde buno buyinza okusaasaana butereevu mu balala nga bakwata ku bulwadde buno. Abantu basobola okukwatibwa obulwadde buno mu ngeri etali butereevu nga bakwatagana n’ebintu ebirimu obucaafu (engoye, obutambaala n’ebirala) oba ku bintu ebiri kungulu (nga wansi mu kinaabiro, eky’okunaabiramu, oba mu loogi). Enkwaso ezireeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi zisobola bulungi okusaasaana mu butonde bw’omuntu. Enkwaso zisiiga engalo n’ebigere ebitaliiko kintu kyonna, naye era zitambula ku butoffaali bw’olususu obufu obugwa buli kiseera okuva ku mubiri. Enkwaso z’ebigere by’omuzannyi n’obutundutundu n’ebikuta by’olususu ebirimu obuwuka biyinza okusaasaana mu masokisi, engatto, engoye, eri abantu abalala, ebisolo by’omu nnyumba (nga bayita mu kusiimuula), ebitanda, bbaafu, ensuwa, sinki, kkawunta, obutambaala, rugs, wansi, ne kapeti. Enkwaso eno bw’eba esaasaanidde mu bisolo by’omu nnyumba, oluvannyuma esobola okusaasaana mu ngalo n’engalo z’abantu abaziweeweeta. Singa ekisolo ky’omu nnyumba kitera okweluma, kiyinza obutaba nkwaso kye kikwatako, kiyinza okuba okusiiwa okutakkuta okwa tinea. Engeri emu ey’okukwatibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi kwe kusooka okufuna obulwadde bwa ffene awalala ku mubiri. Enkwaso ezireeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi ziyinza okusaasaana okuva mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala okutuuka ku bigere, ebiseera ebisinga ng’okwata oba okusika ekitundu ekikosebwa, bwe kityo ffene n’afuna ku ngalo, n’oluvannyuma n’okwata oba okusika ebigere. Wadde nga ffene asigala nga y’emu, erinnya ly’embeera likyuka okusinziira ku kifo obuwuka we bubeera ku mubiri. Okugeza, yinfekisoni eno emanyiddwa nga tinea corporis ("ringworm") nga omubiri oba ebitundu by'omubiri bikosebwa oba tinea cruris (jock itch oba dhobi itch) nga ekisambi kikoseddwa. Engoye (oba engatto), ebbugumu ly’omubiri, n’entuuyo bisobola okukuuma olususu nga lubuguma era nga lunnyogovu, embeera yokka ffene gye yeetaaga okukula obulungi. Ensonga ezireeta akabi Ng’oggyeeko okubeera mu ngeri yonna ey’okubunyisa obulwadde obwanjuddwa waggulu, waliwo ebintu ebirala eby’obulabe eby’okwongera ku mikisa gy’omuntu okukwatibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Abantu ababadde n’ekigere ky’omuzannyi emabegako batera okukwatibwa obulwadde buno okusinga abo abatalina. Abantu abakulu batera okukwata ekigere ky’omuzannyi okusinga abaana. Abasajja balina emikisa mingi egy’okufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi okusinga abakazi.<ref name="MayoRisk">[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/basics/risk-factors/con-20014892 Mayo Clinic website, Athlete's Foot Risk Factors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152010/http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/basics/risk-factors/con-20014892|date=7 February 2015}}</ref> Abantu abalina obulwadde bwa sukaali oba abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye<ref name="MayoRisk2">[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/basics/risk-factors/con-20014892 Mayo Clinic website, Athlete's Foot Risk Factors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152010/http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/basics/risk-factors/con-20014892|date=7 February 2015}}</ref> batera okukwatibwa obulwadde buno. Akawuka ka siriimu kalemesa abaserikale b’omubiri n’okwongera obulabe bw’okufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Hyperhidrosis (okutuuyana okweyongera mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo) kyongera obulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde era kizibuwalira obujjanjabi.<ref name="MerckRisk">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition. Tinea Pedis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}</ref> Okuzuula obulwadde Okulaba microscopic ku ffene w’ebigere by’omuzannyi eyakuzibwa Bw’oba ​​ogenda ew’omusawo, enkola enkulu ey’okuzuula obulwadde ekola. Kuno kw’ogatta okukebera ebyafaayo by’obujjanjabi bw’omulwadde n’ebiwandiiko by’obujjanjabi okuzuula ebiyinza okuvaako akabi,<ref name="MerckPro4">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</ref> okubuuza ebibuuzo omusawo omusawo mw’abuuza ebibuuzo (nga ebikwata ku kusiiwa n’okukunya), n’okukeberebwa omubiri.<ref name="MerckPro5">[http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html The Merck Manual Professional Edition tinea pedis page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113155/http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic_disorders/fungal_skin_infections/tinea_pedis.html|date=28 January 2015}}. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okuzuulibwa ng’okebera olususu n’amaaso n’okuzuula obubonero obutalabika nnyo ng’okusiiwa kw’ekitundu ekikosebwa. Singa okuzuula tekukakafu, okukebera obutereevu ekirungo kya potassium hydroxide ekitegekeddwa eky’okusenya olususu (ekimanyiddwa nga okukebera KOH) kuyinza okukakasa okuzuula ekigere ky’omuzannyi n’okuyamba okugaana ebizibu ebirala ebiyinza okuvaako, gamba nga kandida, pitted keratolysis, erythrasma, contact dermatitis, eczema, oba psoriasis.[5][4][10] Dermatophytes ezimanyiddwa okuleeta ekigere ky’omuzannyi zijja kulaga multiple septate branching hyphae ku microscopy.<ref name="Sports7">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Ettaala ya Wood (ekitangaala ekiddugavu), wadde nga kya mugaso mu kuzuula yinfekisoni za ffene ez’olususu lw’oku mutwe (tinea capitis), tetera kuyamba mu kuzuula kigere kya munnabyamizannyo, okuva ensusu ezimanyiddwa ennyo ezireeta obulwadde buno bwe zitayaka wansi w’ekitangaala kya ultraviolet.<ref name="Hasan2004">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G |date=March 2004 |title=Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications |journal=Clinical and Molecular Allergy |volume=2 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1476-7961-2-5 |pmc=419368 |pmid=15050029 |doi-access=free |article-number=5}}</ref> Okuziyiza Waliwo enkola eziwerako ezitangira obuyonjo bw’ebigere eziyinza okuziyiza ekigere ky’omuzannyi n’okukendeeza ku kuddamu. Ebimu ku bino mulimu: okukuuma ebigere nga bikalu; okusala enjala z’ebigere nga zimpi; okukozesa ekyuma ekisala emisumaali eky’enjawulo ku nviiri z’ebigere ezirimu obuwuka; okukozesa obugatto obukoleddwa mu ppamba ayingiza empewo ennungi oba ebintu ebikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’ekikugu ebiggyamu obunnyogovu (okunnyika obunnyogovu okuva ku lususu okuyamba okulukuuma nga nkalu); okwewala engatto ezikwatagana obulungi; okukyusa obugatto emirundi mingi; n’okwambala engatto ng’otambula mu bifo eby’awamu nga jjiimu n’ebisenge eby’okwambala.<ref name="Hawkins20143">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hawkins DM, Smidt AC |date=April 2014 |title=Superficial fungal infections in children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2014-04_61_2/page/443 |journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=443–455 |doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2013.12.003 |pmid=24636655}}</ref><ref name="Sports8">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref><ref name="DeLuca2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Luca JF, Adams BB, Yosipovitch G |date=May 2012 |title=Skin manifestations of athletes competing in the summer Olympics: what a sports medicine physician should know |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=399–413 |doi=10.2165/11599050-000000000-00000 |pmid=22512412 |s2cid=13422078}}</ref><ref name="Nails 2019">{{Cite magazine|title=Help Clients Prevent Athlete's Foot|url=https://www.nailsmag.com/377984/help-clients-prevent-athletes-foot|date=February 5, 2019|access-date=2023-08-08|magazine=Nails|language=en-us}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde, "Emisumaali girina okusalibwako emimpi ne gikuumibwa nga miyonjo. Emisumaali gisobola okubeera n'ebimera ebiyitibwa spr.okusaasaanya obuwuka."<ref name="CDC">[https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html Centers for Disease Control webpage on Athlete's Foot] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130022213/http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/athletes_foot.html|date=30 January 2016}}. Retrieved 11 January 2015.</ref> Okuddamu kw'ekigere ky'omuzannyi kuyinza okuziyizibwa nga bakozesa butto atta obuwuka ku bigere.<ref name="Sports9">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Enkwaso (ebikuta) ebivaako ekigere ky’omuzannyi yeetaaga ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu okusobola okuwangaala n’okukula. Waliwo obulabe obweyongera obw’okukwatibwa endwadde nga omuntu alina embeera ebuguma, ennyogovu (e.g., engatto eziziba —engatto oba bbuutu ezizingira ebigere) ne mu bifo ebirimu obunnyogovu nga bagabana nga ensuwa ez’awamu, ebidiba ebigabana, n’ebifo eby’okujjanjaba.<ref name="Athlete2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Likness LP |date=June 2011 |title=Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines |journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association |volume=111 |issue=6 |pages=373–379 |doi=10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373 |pmid=21771922 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Chlorine bleach ddagala eritta obuwuka era ery’okuyonja awaka erya bulijjo litta ekikuta. Okwoza ebifo n’eddagala lya chlorine bleach solution kiziyiza obulwadde okusaasaana olw’okukwatagana oluvannyuma. Okwoza bbaafu, ensuwa, wansi w’ekinabiro, sinki ne counter n’eddagala lya bleach kiyamba okutangira obulwadde buno okusaasaana omuli okuddamu okukwatibwa. Okukuuma amasokisi n’engatto nga biyonjo (nga okozesa bleach mu kunaaba) y’emu ku ngeri y’okuziyiza ffene okukwata n’okusaasaana, wamu n’okwewala okugabana engatto n’obutambaala mu kiseera ky’obulwadde bwa ffene obukola. Obujjanjabi Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kiwona awatali ddagala mu bitundu 30 ku 40%.<ref>[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html Over-the-Counter Foot Remedies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095657/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010901/791.html|date=29 September 2007}} (American Family Physician)</ref> Eddagala eritta obuwuka eriweebwa ku mubiri bulijjo livaamu emiwendo egy’okuwona egy’oku waggulu ennyo.<ref name="Crawford_2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Crawford F, Hollis S |date=July 2007 |title=Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2007 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2 |pmc=7073424 |pmid=17636672 |article-number=CD001434 |veditors=Crawford F}}</ref> Obujjanjabi obwa bulijjo butera okuzingiramu okunaaba obulungi ebigere buli lunaku oba emirundi ebiri buli lunaku, n’oluvannyuma okusiiga eddagala erissiddwa ku mubiri. Olw’okuba layers z’olususu ez’ebweru zoonoonese era nga zitera okuddamu okukwatibwa, okutwalira awamu obujjanjabi obw’okussa ku mubiri bugenda mu maaso okutuusa nga layers zonna ez’olususu zikyusiddwa, nga wayise wiiki nga 2 ku 6 ng’obubonero buweddewo. Okukuuma ebigere nga bikalu n’okukola obuyonjo obulungi (nga bwe kyayogerwako mu kitundu waggulu ku kuziyiza) kikulu nnyo mu kutta enkwa n’okuziyiza okuddamu okukwatibwa. Okujjanjaba ebigere tekimala bulijjo. Amasokisi oba engatto bwe zimala okukwatibwa ffene, okuddamu okuzambala kiyinza okuddamu okusiiga (oba okwongera okusiiga) ebigere. Amasokisi gasobola okuyonjebwa obulungi mu kunaaba nga oteekamu bleach oba nga onaaba mu mazzi aga 60 °C (140 °F).<ref>{{cite web |date=July 2011 |title=Fungal Infections |url=https://www.walsallhealthcare.nhs.uk/Data/Sites/1/media/documents/podiatry-webpage/athletes-foot-and-fungal-nail-infections.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042428/https://www.walsallhealthcare.nhs.uk/Data/Sites/1/media/documents/podiatry-webpage/athletes-foot-and-fungal-nail-infections.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2017 |access-date=2017-09-25 |work=Podiatry Service, Wlsall Health Care |publisher=National Health Service |location=UK}}</ref> Okusobola okukola obulungi, obujjanjabi buzingiramu ebitundu byonna ebirimu obuwuka (nga enjala z’ebigere, emikono, omubiri n’ebirala). Bwe kitaba ekyo, obulwadde buno buyinza okweyongera okusaasaana, omuli n’okudda mu bitundu ebijjanjabiddwa. Okugeza, okuleka obulwadde bwa ffene ku musumaali nga tebujjanjabiddwa kiyinza okugusobozesa okusaasaana okudda mu kigere ekisigadde, okuddamu okufuuka ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Okwekenenya okutegekeddwa kwazuula nti allylamines nga terbinafine tezikola bulungi okusinga azoles mu kujjanjaba ekigere ky’omuzannyi.<ref name="Antifungals">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rotta I, Sanchez A, Gonçalves PR, Otuki MF, Correr CJ |date=May 2012 |title=Efficacy and safety of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycosis: a systematic review |journal=The British Journal of Dermatology |volume=166 |issue=5 |pages=927–933 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10815.x |pmid=22233283 |s2cid=2657963 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Obulwadde bw’olususu bwa ffene obw’amaanyi oba obuwangaala buyinza okwetaagisa okujjanjabwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa mu kamwa. Obujjanjabi obukozesebwa ku mubiri Waliwo eddagala lingi eritta obuwuka eriweebwa ku mubiri ery’omugaso mu kujjanjaba ekigere ky’omuzannyi omuli: miconazole nitrate, clotrimazole, tolnaftate (thiocarbamate ekoleddwa), terbinafine hydrochloride,<ref name="Athlete3">{{cite journal |vauthors=Likness LP |date=June 2011 |title=Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines |journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association |volume=111 |issue=6 |pages=373–379 |doi=10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373 |pmid=21771922 |doi-access=free}}</ref> butenafine hydrochloride ne undecylenic acid. Obulwadde bwa ffene buyinza okujjanjabwa n’eddagala eriweweeza ku ffene eriweebwa ku mubiri, eriyinza okubeera mu ngeri y’okufuuyira, butto, ebizigo oba ggelu. Okusiiga ebizigo ebiziyiza enkwa nga butenafine omulundi gumu buli lunaku okumala wiiki emu oba terbinafine omulundi gumu buli lunaku okumala wiiki bbiri kikola bulungi mu mbeera ezisinga ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi era kikola bulungi okusinga okusiiga miconazole oba clotrimazole.<ref name="Common2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andrews MD, Burns M |date=May 2008 |title=Common tinea infections in children |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |url-status=live |journal=American Family Physician |volume=77 |issue=10 |pages=1415–1420 |pmid=18533375 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010919/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi ow’ekika ky’engalo kigumira nnyo obujjanjabi obw’oku mutwe olw’okubeerawo kw’olususu olugonvu oluyitibwa hyperkeratotic ku ngulu w’ekigere.<ref name="Sports10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR |date=November 2011 |title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses |journal=Sports Medicine |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=967–984 |doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000 |pmid=21985216 |s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa Keratolytic ne humectant nga urea, salicylic acid (ekizigo kya Whitfield), ne lactic acid ddagala lya mugaso eriyamba era liyamba okuyingira kw’ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde mu lususu olugonvu.<ref name="Sports11">{{cite journal |date=November 2011|vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR|title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses|journal=Sports Medicine|volume=41|issue=11|pages=967–984|pmid=21985216|doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000|s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Glucocorticoids eziteekebwa ku mubiri oluusi ziwandiikibwa okukendeeza ku kuzimba n’okusiiwa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde.<ref name="Sports12">{{cite journal |date=November 2011|vauthors=Tlougan BE, Mancini AJ, Mandell JA, Cohen DE, Sanchez MR|title=Skin conditions in figure skaters, ice-hockey players and speed skaters: part II - cold-induced, infectious and inflammatory dermatoses|journal=Sports Medicine|volume=41|issue=11|pages=967–984|pmid=21985216|doi=10.2165/11592190-000000000-00000|s2cid=20771331}}</ref> Ekisengejjero kya 1% potassium permanganate ekitabuddwa mu mazzi agookya kye kimu ku bikozesebwa mu kifo ky’eddagala eritta obuwuka.<ref name="permanganate">{{cite web|title=Potassium Permanganate|url=http://www.dermnetnz.org/treatments/permanganate.html|access-date=31 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514090214/http://dermnetnz.org/treatments/permanganate.html|archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Potassium permanganate munnyo era kirungo kya maanyi ekifuula omukka. Obujjanjabi bw’omu kamwa Ku mbeera ez’amaanyi oba ezitaziyiza ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi terbinafine ey’omu kamwa ekola bulungi okusinga griseofulvin.<ref name="Bell20127">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Fluconazole oba itraconazole nayo eyinza okumira mu kamwa ku yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi ez’ebigere by’omuzannyi.<ref name="Bell20128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Ekizibu ekisinga okuloopebwa okuva mu ddagala lino kwe kutabuka mu lubuto.<ref name="Bell20129">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|veditors=Bell-Syer SE}}</ref> Ebikwata ku ndwadde ezisaasaana Mu nsi yonna, obulwadde bwa ffene bukosa ebitundu nga 15% ku bantu ne 20% ku bantu abakulu.<ref name="Mycoses2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M|title=Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide|journal=Mycoses|volume=51|issue=Supplement 4|pages=2–15|date=September 2008|pmid=18783559|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x|s2cid=3398710}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|collaboration=Cochrane Skin Group}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, ebitundu 70% ku bantu bajja kufuna ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu kiseera ekimu mu bulamu.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R|title=Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of Fungi|volume=8|issue=4|page=351|date=March 2022|pmid=35448582|pmc=9027577|doi=10.3390/jof8040351|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ekigere ky’omuzannyi kitera okubeera mu bantu ssekinnoomu abambala engatto ezitaliimu mpewo (eziziba), gamba nga bbuutu za kapiira oba engatto za vinyl.<ref name="Mycoses3">{{cite journal |vauthors=Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M|title=Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide|journal=Mycoses|volume=51|issue=Supplement 4|pages=2–15|date=September 2008|pmid=18783559|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x|s2cid=3398710}}</ref><ref name="Common22">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andrews MD, Burns M |date=May 2008 |title=Common tinea infections in children |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |url-status=live |journal=American Family Physician |volume=77 |issue=10 |pages=1415–1420 |pmid=18533375 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010919/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0515/p1415.html |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Bw’okwatibwa enkwaso ereeta ebigere by’omuzannyi, embeera z’obunnyogovu eziva mu mpewo embi mu bigere zitumbula okukula kw’enkwaso ku kigere oba wakati w’obugere.<ref name=":22">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R|title=Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of Fungi|volume=8|issue=4|page=351|date=March 2022|pmid=35448582|pmc=9027577|doi=10.3390/jof8040351|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu mirimu, okunoonyereza kulaga okweyongera kw’ekigere ky’omuzannyi mu basima eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka, abajaasi, n’abazannyi.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Crawford F, Hollis S |date=July 2007 |title=Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2007 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2 |pmc=7073424 |pmid=17636672 |article-number=CD001434 |collaboration=Cochrane Skin Group}}</ref> Mu ngeri y’emu, emirimu ng’okudduka emisinde gya marathon girabye okweyongera kw’ekigere ky’omuzannyi.<ref name=":23">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ward H, Parkes N, Smith C, Kluzek S, Pearson R|title=Consensus for the Treatment of Tinea Pedis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of Fungi|volume=8|issue=4|page=351|date=March 2022|pmid=35448582|pmc=9027577|doi=10.3390/jof8040351|doi-access=free}}</ref> Amawanga n’ebitundu okugenda nga tolina ngatto mwe kisinga bifuna emiwendo gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi ekitono ennyo okusinga abantu abatera okwambala engatto; ekivuddemu, obulwadde buno bubadde buyitibwa n'ekyavaamu, obulwadde buno bubadde buyitibwa "ekibonerezo ky'empukuuka".<ref name="Gill2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gill D, Marks R |date=February 1999 |title=A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community |journal=The Australasian Journal of Dermatology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=6–13 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x |pmid=10098282 |s2cid=9471264}}</ref> Okunoonyereza kulaga nti abasajja bakwatibwa emirundi 2 ku 4 okusinga abakyala.<ref name=":12">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|collaboration=Cochrane Skin Group}}</ref> Emisango gy’ekigere ky’omuzannyi gyasooka kuwandiikibwa nga mu mwaka gwa 1916 mu kiseera kya Ssematalo I, ng’obulwadde buno mu bajaasi bwatera okukwatibwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 1928, kyateeberezebwa nti kumpi Abamerika obukadde kkumi baali batawaanyizibwa ekigere ky’omuzannyi; okusaasaana kw’obulwadde buno okweraliikiriza kwaleeta okweraliikirira kw’ebyobulamu mu bantu bangi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka ogwaddako, okunoonyereza ku ndwadde ezisaasaana kwakolebwa ku bayizi abayingira abasooka mu Yunivasite y’e California; kyazuulibwa nti abasajja 53% abayingira abayizi abasooka baalina ekigere kya munnabyamizannyo era omwaka we gwaggweerako omuwendo ogwo gwali gulinnye okutuuka ku 78%.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> Obulwadde buno bweyongera mu myaka gya 1930, naddala mu bantu ssekinnoomu abalina embeera ey’oku ntikko mu by’enfuna n’embeera z’abantu; abantu bano ssekinnoomu baali basinga okufuna ebifo eby’awamu eby’okugabana nga ebidiba, amatendekero, ne kiraabu z’emizannyo ng’okusaasaana kw’enkwaso ereeta ebigere by’omuzannyi kwali kwa bulijjo.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> Obungi mu Amerika bwali bungi nnyo ne kyetaagisa okukozesa ebifo ebinaabirwamu ebigere ebizaala mu mizannyo gya Olympics egyali mu kibuga Los Angeles mu 1932. Mu kiseera kino abakungu b'ebyobulamu mu ggwanga mwe baatwala endowooza nti ekigere ky'abazannyi kiva mu mulembe era nti okukola ku bulwadde buno "kibonerezo kya mpisa" ng'obujjanjabi bungi bwe bwalaga nti tebukola.<ref name="Gill22">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gill D, Marks R |date=February 1999 |title=A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community |journal=The Australasian Journal of Dermatology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=6–13 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x |pmid=10098282 |s2cid=9471264}}</ref><ref name="Gill23">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gill D, Marks R |date=February 1999 |title=A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community |journal=The Australasian Journal of Dermatology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=6–13 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00308.x |pmid=10098282 |s2cid=9471264}}</ref> Ebintu ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde nga asidi wa undecylenic byasomesebwa mu myaka gya 1940; ebintu ebirimu zinc undecylenate byalagibwa okuba nga bye bisinga okukola obulungi ku mubiri okuwonya embeera eno.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> Okukozesa eddagala lya Griseofulvin erimira mu kamwa kyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 nti kikola bulungi mu mbeera ez’amaanyi ez’ekigere ky’omuzannyi. Mu ngeri y’emu, omuwendo gw’abazannyi ebigere ogwawandiikibwa gwakendeera mu bajaasi ba Amerika mu Vietnam abaaweebwa Griseofulvins ng’eddagala eriziyiza.<ref name=":06">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref>] Mu myaka gya 1990, okunoonyereza kwawagira enkozesa ya itraconazole ne Allylamine emanyiddwa nga terbinafine ng’eddagala erikola okumalawo ekigere ky’omuzannyi ate era n’obulwadde bwa dermatophyte ku bitundu by’omubiri ebirala.<ref name=":07">{{Cite book |date=2013 |title=Athlete's Foot |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169220/ |vauthors=Homei A, Worboys M |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |language=en}}</ref> We bwazibidde mu 2012, okunoonyereza kulaga nti eddagala lya terbinafine liyinza okuwonya ekigere ky’omuzannyi emirundi 2.26 okusinga okujjanjaba Griseofulvin; okunoonyereza okugeraageranya wakati wa itraconazole ne terbinafine kulaga enjawulo ntono mu bulungibwansi.<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM, Torgerson DJ|title=Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|issue=10|article-number=CD003584|date=October 2012|pmid=23076898|pmc=7144818|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003584.pub2|collaboration=Cochrane Skin Group}}</ref> Laba ne [[Enkwaso z’ebigere]], tinea unguium, yinfekisoni ekosa enjala z’ebigere [[Trench foot,]] olw’obunnyogovu n’okuvunda Ebijuliziddwa jjutdexhmwpp0beo8qp5wywq90zpzyl Bobi Wine 0 5645 78150 78119 2026-11-08T00:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu''' (yazaalibwa nga 12 Ogwokubiri 1982) amanyiddwa ennyo nga '''Bobi Wine''', omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu, munnabyabufuzi, muyimbi, era munnamateeka Omunnayuganda.<ref name="Website-1">{{Cite web |title=Bobi Wine conferred with law degree after 7 years as Cavendish University graduates over 700|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/bobi-wine-conferred-with-law-degree-after-7-years-as-cavendish-university-graduates-over-700-4718670|access-date=2024-08-09|website=[[Daily Monitor]]|date=8 August 2024}}</ref> Yaliko omubaka wa Paalament era y'akulembera [[National Unity Platform]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti ya Yoweri Museveni.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/58803-can-people-power-change-uganda's-political-fortune|title=Can 'People Power' change Uganda's political fortune?|work=The Observer|access-date=29 November 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> Bobi Wine yaliko omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira essaza ly'e Kya Kyadondo eyoomubuvanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso, mu masekkati ga Uganda.<ref name="In2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Ugandan-pop-star-Bobi-Wine-sworn-in-as-lawmaker/2558-4010194-w5nxspz/index.html|title=Uganda's pop star sworn-in as lawmaker|access-date=11 July 2017|date=11 July 2017|newspaper=[[The East African]]|location=[[Nairobi]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711202642/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Ugandan-pop-star-Bobi-Wine-sworn-in-as-lawmaker/2558-4010194-w5nxspz/index.html|archive-date=11 July 2017}}</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2019, yalangirira okwesimbawo nga pulezidenti wa Uganda mu kalulu k'obwapulezidenti aka 2021. Yeetaba mu kalulu ka 2021, nga okusinziira ku byava mu kulonda ebitongole, yawangulwa Yoweri Museveni eyali mu ntebe ekiseera ekyo. Okuva mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, awakanya ebyava mu kalulu nti byali ssi bituufu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 17, 2021|title=Uganda's Museveni wins sixth term, rival alleges fraud|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-uganda-election-idUSKBN29M04E|access-date=October 14, 2023|website=www.reuters.com|language=en}}</ref> Nga 14 Ogwekkumineebiri 2021, Gavumenti ya Uganda yamusibira mu nnyumba, olwo n'agenda mu maaso n'okwekalakaasa olw'okukwatibwa kwe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=Uganda police, army surround Bobi Wine's home ahead of Kayunga visit|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/uganda-police-army-surround-bobi-wine-home-3652394|access-date=2021-12-14|website=The East African|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ugandan opposition leader Bobi Wine 'under house arrest'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/14/uganda-opposition-leader-bobi-wine-under-house-arrest|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yagenda ebweru w’eggwanga gye yeenyigira mu kukwata ffirimu ekyatuumibwa ''The corruption involved in the 2021 election''. Bwe yakomawo mu Uganda nga 5 Ogwekkumi 2023, yakwatibwa.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=Kent|first1=Lauren|last2=Dean|first2=Sarah|title=Ugandan opposition leader Bobi Wine arrested at airport as he returns home|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/05/africa/bobi-wine-airport-arrest-intl/index.html|work=CNN|date=5 October 2023}}</ref> Firimu eyitibwa ''Bobi Wine: The People's President'' yawandiika ku lugendo lwe mu kululu ka 2021.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Bobi Wine: The People's President|url=https://peabodyawards.com/award-profile/bobi-wine/|access-date=2024-11-30|website=The Peabody Awards|language=en-US}}</ref> Bobi Wine yeewandiisa mu butongole okuvuganya ku bwa pulesidenti mu [[Okulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2026|kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2026]] mu Uganda nga 25 Ogwomukaaga 2025 nga akiikirira ekibiina kya NUP, ng'ayogera ku kaweefube ono ng'okugenda mu maaso n'omulimu gwe ogwali tegunnaggwa era n'asaba bannansi okuwagira kye yayita "protest vote" okumalawo okunyigirizibwa kw'ebyobufuzi okumaze emyaka mingi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Matovu|first=Muhamadi|date=2025-06-26|title=Uganda: Bobi Wine Announces 2026 Presidential Bid, Calls for Protest Vote|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202506260032.html|access-date=2025-08-01|work=Nile Post|language=en}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Kyagulanyi yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro ly'e Nkozi, maama we Margaret Nalunkuuma gye yali akola ng'omuzaalisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu|first=Muhamadi|title=Bobi Wine Visits Birthplace, Donates to New Mothers on His 43rd Birthday|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/242512/bobi-wine-visits-birthplace-donates-to-new-mothers-on-his-43rd-birthday|access-date=2025-07-17|website=Nilepost News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 June 2016|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1426903/cardinal-wamala-singer-bobi-wine-set-nkozi-hospital-marathon|title=Cardinal Wamala, singer Bobi Wine set for Nkozi Hospital marathon|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|access-date=12 November 2018|first=Mathias|last=Mazinga|location=Kampala|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113030020/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1426903/cardinal-wamala-singer-bobi-wine-set-nkozi-hospital-marathon}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu famile ya baana 34 abaazaalibwa eyali taata we Jackson Willington Ssentamu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18|title=Bobi Wine, brothers mourn father|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/bobi-wine-brothers-mourn-father-1599982|access-date=2025-07-17|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Yakulira mu nzigotta z'e Kamwokya mu kitundu ky’obukiika kkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda.<ref name="Good2">{{cite web |title=Bobi giving back to the hands that lifted him up|access-date=11 July 2017|date=6 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|first=Caroline|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1306334/bobi-giving-hands-lifted|last=Ariba|location=Kampala|archive-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110182446/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1306334/bobi-giving-hands-lifted}}</ref> Kyagulanyi yasomera mu Kitante Hill School,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitante Hill School {{!}} A Centre of Learning Dedicated to Excellence|url=https://kitantehillschool.ac.ug/|access-date=2026-07-28|website=kitantehillschool.ac.ug}}</ref> gye yafunira satifikeeti eya siniya eyookuna mu 1996, wamu ne [[Kololo Senior Secondary School]], gye yafunira satifikeeti eya siniya eyoomukaaga mu 1998. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku [[Makerere University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] mu [[Kampala]], gye yasomera okuyimba, amazina ne katemba, n’atikkirwa ne dipulooma mu 2003. Mu 2016, Kyagulanyi yaddayo mu yunivasite okusoma ddiguli mu by'amateeka mu [[International University of East Africa]]. Oluvannyuma lw'okuwabulwa eyali omusomesa we ku yunivasite, David Lewis Rubongoya, yakyusa okuva ku IUEA eyali temanyikiddwa mu kusomesa amateeka ekiseera ekyo naagenda ku Cavendish University gye yatikkirwa mu Gwomunaana 2024.<ref name="Bio2">{{cite web|access-date=11 July 2017|date=11 July 2017|location=Kampala|url=http://www.eachamps.com/Bobi-wine.html|title=Bobi Wine: Biography|author=EACS|publisher=Eachamps.com (EACS)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929033408/http://www.eachamps.com/Bobi-wine.html|archive-date=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="parliament2">{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=508|title=Kyagulanyi Robert Ssentamu|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> == Omulimu gw'okusanyusa == === Omulimu gw’okuyimba === [[File:Bobi Wine 2.jpg|thumb|Bobi Wine]] Kyagulanyi yatandika omulimu gw'okuyimba mu ntandikwa y'emyaka gy'e 2000, naafuna erinnya lya Bobi Rob nga lyakozesa ku siteegi erinnya eryali lyefananyiriza erinnya lye ery'ekikatuliki eryamuweebwa erya 'Robert' ng'okusikirizibwa kuno yakujja ku Bob Marley nga naye yali yatumibwa 'Robert'. Oluvannyuma yafuna erinnya lya Bobi Wine ng'eryokusiteegi. Ennyimba ze ennyimpi ezaasooka kwaliko; "Akagoma", "Funtula", ne "Sunda" (ng'ali ne Ziggy D) kyamuleetera okumanyikwa mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba kwa Uganda.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Bobi wine{{!}} Eachamps.com |url=http://www.eachamps.com/Bobi-wine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929033408/http://www.eachamps.com/Bobi-wine.html |archive-date=2014-09-29 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Eachamps.com}}</ref> Myuziki we abasinga bamuyita okubeera ow'ekidandali, reggae, dancehall, ne afrobeat, ng'ebiseera ebisinga obubaka bubeera ku by'etoloodde abantu n'ebibakwatako. Yeeyali akulembera ekibiinja kya 'Fire Base Crew'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/an-up-close-and-personal-with-the-ghetto-president-bobi-wine/ |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2018-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825041250/http://chano8.com/an-up-close-and-personal-with-the-ghetto-president-bobi-wine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> okutuusa bwekyasaanawo, oluvannyuma naatandikawo ekibiinja ekipya ekimannyikiddwa nga 'Ghetto Republic of Uganja'.<ref name="Pol">{{Cite news |title=Uganda: Tracing Bobi Wine's Journey to Elective Politics |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201705010007.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501073305/http://allafrica.com/stories/201705010007.html |archive-date=2017-05-01 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Afulumizza ennyimba ezisoba mu 70 mu myaka 15 egisembyeyo.<ref name="Bio" /> Mu 2016, oluyimba lwe "Kiwani" lwateekebwa mu ffirimu ya Disney eya ''[[Queen of Katwe]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-23 |title=Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Various Artists on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/queen-of-katwe-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1442862262 |access-date=2026-08-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekika ky'ennyimba Bobi Wine z'abadde atera okuyimba zibadde za kika kya 'Afrobeat'. Muziki wa Bobi Wine yali yatundibwa nga omugezi Kasiwukira ng'era yeeyafuba ng'okulaba ng'agenda ku ddaala eddala. Yakikakasa okubeera nga yafuna lisiiti za bukadde 60 okuva mu muziki gweyatunda mu mwezi gumu okuva wa Kasiwukira. Alina omukutu gwa 'Youtube' okuli obukadde bw'abantu abasuka mu 10 abagiraba n'okugigoberera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Kasiwukira lived to change people’s lives |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/kasiwukira-lived-to-change-people-s-lives-1588186 |access-date=2026-11-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ategese ebivvulu n'okusanyusa abantu, mu kwongereza ku ngeri y'abadde yeekubiramu obulango, nga bino byonna bimuleetera okuyingiza ensiimbi. Alina ne situdiyo ekolera abayimbi ennyimba mwajja ssente esinganibwa Kamwokya emannyikiddwa nga FireBase records. === Enngoobo ya 'Bobi Wine Edutainment' === Ekiwandiiko kino kikwata ku kika kya muziki ayigiriza n'okusomesa ekyatandikibwawo Wine mu 2006. Muziki yatondebwawo okusanyusa nga mw'ayisa obubaka obuyigiriza n'okusomesa, nadala eri abantu abali mumbeera embi eteeyagaza nadala munzigota za Kampala, nadala 'Ghetto'. Omu ku muziki ali mu pulojekiti eno mulimu "Ghetto" (fng'ali ne Nubian Li), "Obuyonjo," "Obululu Tebutwala," "Time Bomb," n'endala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa's Music Industry Fights Health Misinformation|url=https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/africas-music-industry-fights-health-misinformation|access-date=2026-10-24|website=Think Global Health|language=en}}</ref> Obubaka obuli mu muziki ali mu pulojekiti eno bwali bugendereddwa kugenda eri banabyabufuzi, ng'abakubiriza okufaayo ennyo eri abanti abali mumbeera embi era nga tebalina abayamaba, wamu n'okukubiriza banaansi okubeera ab'obuvunaanyizibwa mu bintu byabwe gyebawangaalira. Ebintu byebasinga okutekako essira u muziki kwaliko; obuyonjo, eby'obulamu nadala mu kuzaala abaana abato okufuna embuto, abaana abato okufumbirwa, obutabanguko mu maka, akawuka ka mukeneya nendala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa's Music Industry Fights Health Misinformation|url=https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/africas-music-industry-fights-health-misinformation|access-date=2026-10-24|website=Think Global Health|language=en}}</ref> Muziki wa yakwata nga nnyo ku bantu ng'era abajukiza ekyamukazisaako erinya lya omukulembezze w'enzigota "Ghetto President" nekimuyamba okuzimba ekifo eky'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi bwa Uganda oluvannyuma mu mirimu gye.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-16 |title=The Rise of Bobi Wine: How A Rapper From the Slums is Igniting A Revolution in Uganda |url=https://hir.harvard.edu/who-is-bobi-wine/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Harvard International Review |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kenyanmoves.co.ke">{{Cite news |date=2021-03-24 |title=Bobi Wine biography, age, family, tribe, education, career, wife, children, salary, house, cars, net worth - KENYAN MOVES |url=https://kenyanmoves.co.ke/bobi-wine-biography/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219040105/https://kenyanmoves.co.ke/bobi-wine-biography/ |archive-date=2026-02-19 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=KENYAN MOVES |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="kenyanmoves.co.ke"/> === Omulimu gw'okuzannya ffirimu === Kyagulanyi era muzannyi wa ffirimu, ng'asinga kubeera ku za wano mu Uganda.<ref name="Bio"/> Mu 2010, yalondebwa okubeera omu kubazannyi mu ffirimu ya Cleopatra Kyoheirwe ey'omuzannyo gyebayita ''Yogera''. Mu 2015, yalondebwa okukulembera mu ffirimu y'okuyamba eya Twaweza emannyikiddwa nga ''Situka'' ngali ne [[Hellen Lukoma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-07-05 |title=Photos: Bayimba takes SITUKA movie to Mbale. |url=https://bigeye.ug/photos-bayimba-takes-situka-movie-to-mbale/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> Akoze ku ffirimu eziwerako omwali ne ''Divizionz''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koehler |first=Robert |date=2008-11-17 |title=Divizionz |url=https://variety.com/2008/film/reviews/divizionz-1200472176/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Bobi Wine alina pulogulaamu eri ku bulamu bwe eragibwa ku ttiivi eyatumibwa 'The Ghetto President'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://chano8.com/the-ghetto-president-reality-show-begins-airing-tonight/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518071646/https://chano8.com/the-ghetto-president-reality-show-begins-airing-tonight/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gy'eby'obufuzi == Mu Mwezi ogwokuna mu 2017, Kyagulanyi yalangirira nga bweyali agenda okwesimbawo ku ky'obubaka bwa paalamenti mu kulonda okwali mu konsitituweensi ey'obuvanjuba bw'e Kyadondo mu kulonda okw'okuddibwamu. Okutambula kwe okw'e nju ku nju ng'akola kakuyege w'okunoonya akalulu ky'asikiriza abantu mu [[Uganda]] n'ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref name="Pol"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Africa highlights: Wednesday 31 May 2017 as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-39261833 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yawangula okulonda kuno ng'akubidde wala abaali bamwesimbyeko okwali: Sitenda Sebalu ow'ekibiina ekifuga ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] ne Apollo Kantinti ow'ekibiina ekisinga okuvuganya ekya [[Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)|Forum for Democratic Change]].<ref name="In">{{Cite news |title=Uganda's pop star sworn-in as MP |url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Ugandan-pop-star-Bobi-Wine-sworn-in-as-lawmaker/2558-4010194-w5nxspz/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711202642/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Ugandan-pop-star-Bobi-Wine-sworn-in-as-lawmaker/2558-4010194-w5nxspz/index.html |archive-date=2017-07-11 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The East African |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/06/29/ugandan-mucisian-bobi-wine-wins-kyadondo-mp-seat_c1588411 |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020155851/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/06/29/ugandan-mucisian-bobi-wine-wins-kyadondo-mp-seat_c1588411 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bobi Wine seeks new legacy |url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/2558-4016126-2pdq28/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716010252/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/2558-4016126-2pdq28/index.html |archive-date=2017-07-16 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The East African |language=en-UK}}</ref> Mu 2018, Kyagulanyi yeeyongera okufuna ettutumu, ng'ayita mu kuyamba ku baali beesimbyeyo okujuza ebifo ebyali tebiriimu babikiikirira ng'akolera abaali beesiimbyeewo kakuyege nebakuba abaali beesiimbyeewo nga bagidde mu NRM ne FDC<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-12|title="People Power" an Emergent Political Movement in Uganda - Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung|url=https://www.rosalux.de/en/news/id/39405/people-power-an-emergent-political-movement-in-uganda|access-date=2026-03-21|website=www.rosalux.de|language=en}}</ref>. === Ebyali mu by'akalulu ka Arua ak'okujjuza ekifo ekitalimu mukiise === Nga 14 Omwezi ogwomunaana mu 2018, abawagizi b'omubaka wa paalamenti eyajja ku bwa namunigina nga talina kibiina [[Kassiano Wadri]] kigambibwa baasiikiriza ne balumba oluseregende lw'emmotoka za pulezidenti Museveni mu kabuga k'omubukiika ddyo bwa [[Arua]] okuliraana [[Gulu]]. Emmotoka ya Museveni baagikuba amayinja, nekireetawo obutabanguko wakati wa ab'ebyokwerinda n'abaali beekalakaasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-15 |title=You will pay! Museveni lashes at Bobi Wine, Wadri over Arua chaos |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2018/08/you-will-pay-museveni-lashes-at-bobi-wine-wadri-over-arua-chaos.html |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma, Kyagulanyi, eyali asinga okwogerera Museveni amafuukuule yakyasanguza ng'ayita ku mikutu gye gimukwanira wala nga poliisi bweyali ekubye amasasi ku mmotoka ye ng'egenderedde, n'etta ddereeva we. Kyagulanyi yali akakasizza obuwagizi bwe eri Wadri eyali avuganya oyo Museveni gweyali ataddewo mu butongole mu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001291861/uganda-mp-bobi-wine-missing-as-driver-is-shot-dead-by-police |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2018-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927002736/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001291861/uganda-mp-bobi-wine-missing-as-driver-is-shot-dead-by-police |url-status=dead }}</ref> Museveni mu lujjudde yanenya Bobi wine ku byaliwo. Kyagulanyi yakwatibwa nga 15 ogwomunaana mu 2018 ng'avunaanibwa olw'okubeera n'eby'okulwanyisa ebitaali mu mateeka wamu n'okukunga obweguguungo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Bobi Wine faces treason charges |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> oluvannyuma yaleetebwa mu maaso g'ekkooti y'amaggye, n'avunaanibwa n'abaali baleteddwa egulo lumi olunaku olwaddako. Amawulire ga ''The Times'' gaafulumya nga Kyagulanyi bweyali alabika ng'eyali akubiddwa nga tanatwalibwa mu kkooti.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-07-27 |title=The Times |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Times&oldid=1366415694 |language=en}}</ref> Loodi Meeya wa Kampala [[Erias Lukwago]], munamateeka y'abadde akiikirira ababaka ba palamenti ababeera bakwatiddwa nebagalirwa mu makomera yagamba obulamu bwa Kyagulanyi embeera gyebwalimu yali yeeralikiriza, nga yali yeetaaga obujanjabi obw'omunambiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GROUP |first=NTV KENYA-NATION MEDIA |title=NTV Kenya - ntvkenya.co.ke for your latest news, podcasts, music, sports and entertainment shows cutting across generations |url=https://ntvkenya.co.ke/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=NTV Kenya |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gavumenti eyongedde okwegaana ebigambibwa okuba nga yali yamutulugunya. [[Kizza Besigye]] eyali akulira oludda oluvuganya yayita olukungaana lw'abanamawulire mweyasabira okuteebwa kw'ababaka abaali baakwatibwa.<ref name="jazeera">{{Cite web |last=Akumu |first=Patience |title=‘State’s response to make Bobi Wine even more popular’ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/8/22/bobi-wines-arrest-and-what-it-could-mean-for-uganda |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Obwegugungo bwebwatandika okweyongera mu Uganda nga busaba okuteebwa kwa Kyagulanyi, nekituuka n'okwongera ebugumu mu byali byogerwako mu palamenti ya Uganda, abasala emisango mu Uganda bagyayo byebaali bajuza nga byebavunaana Kyagulanyi omulundi ogw'okubiri gweyali alabiseeko mu kkooti y'amaggye gyebakirizaamu abantu nga 23 Ogwomunaana mu 2018. Abasala emisango baalaga nga bwebaaliu bagenda okufuna byebamuvunaana mu kkooti y'abantu babulijjo okusobola okuwozesa omubaka wa palamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Orinde |first=Hillary |title=Uganda drops charges against Bobi Wine |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001293078/uganda-drops-charges-against-bobi-wine |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>Ng'amazze okuteebwa, Kyagulanyi yaddamu n'akwatibwa nebamuvunaana mu kkooti y'abantu babuliijo olw'okulya munsi ye olukwe.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-23 |title=Uganda's Bobi Wine: Pop star MP charged with treason |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45282125 |access-date=2026-08-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda mu 2018, Kyagulanyi, yateebwa ng'alindirira kuwozesebwa era n'atambula okugenda mu Amerika okujanjabibwa ebiwundu byeyali yafuna bweyali akwatiddwa n'agalirwa mu kkomera.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=2018-09-02 |title=Pop-star politician Bobi Wine reaches US after Uganda 'torture' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/02/pop-star-politician-bobi-wine-reaches-us-after-uganda-torture |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Uganda yawera abawagizi bbe okukola enkungaana ez'ekika kyonna okuviira ddala kulunaki lweyali atereddwa, n'okutuusa kulunaku lweyali agenda okukomawo ng'ava mu Amerika.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Busari |first=Bukola Adebayo,Stephanie |date=2018-09-19 |title=Uganda bans supporters of Bobi Wine from gathering ahead of his return {{!}} CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/19/africa/bobi-wine-returns-after-treatment-intl/index.html |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=2018-09-02 |title=Pop-star politician Bobi Wine reaches US after Uganda 'torture' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/02/pop-star-politician-bobi-wine-reaches-us-after-uganda-torture |access-date=2026-11-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>Oluvannyuma yayogerako eri abawagizi bbe mu lukungaana lwebaaliko wabweru w'amakaage bweyali akomyewo mu Uganda nga 20 Ogwomwenda mu 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Jason |last2=Mwesigwa |first2=Alon |last3=correspondent |first3=Jason Burke Africa |date=2018-09-20 |title=Uganda's pop star politician addresses jubilant crowds on return from US |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/20/uganda-pop-star-politician-bobi-wine-returns-us |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana mu 2019, Kyagulanyi yavunaanibwa ogw'okwagala okumalako mirembe okunyiza ssaako n'okweyisa ku pulezidenti Museveni mungeri embi, webaali mu [[Arua (disitulikit)|Arua]] mu mwaka ogwali guyise.Okuvunaanibwa kwajja olunaku lumu oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Ziggy Wine, munayuganda mune eyali omuyimbi ng'era mwesiimbu eri Museveni, eyawambibwa abantu abatamannyikibwa nebamutulugunya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's Wine charged with 'annoying' the president |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ugandas-bobi-wine-charged-with-annoying-the-president/a-49922185 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-06 |title=Bobi Wine charged with 'annoying' Uganda's Museveni |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49247860 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Okwegugunga nga bawakanya emisolo egyali gitereddwa ku mikutu gimukwanira wala === Nga 22 Ogwokuna mu 2019, Kyagulanyi yakwatibwa nebamugalira bweyai ayagala okugenda ku kivulu ekyali kitegekeddwa mu baala ly'obwa nnanyini erimu mu bukiika kkono bwa Kampala, ekyasazibwamu poliisi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=France-Presse |first=Agence |date=2019-04-22 |title=Ugandan police detain Bobi Wine and fire teargas at supporters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/22/uganda-police-detain-bobi-wine-fire-teargas-fans |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Baali bamulumiriza okubeera nga yakulembera okwegugunga mu kibuga mu mwaka ogwali guyise nga tafunye lukusa kuva eri poliisi; tokwegugunga kuno kwaliwo nga kuwakanya omusolo ogwali gutereddwa ku mikutu gimukwanira wala egyatandika mu Gwomusanvu mu 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bobi Wine leads Ugandans in protest against social media tax |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-07-11-bobi-wine-leads-ugandans-in-protest-against-social-media-tax/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116203518/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-07-11-bobi-wine-leads-ugandans-in-protest-against-social-media-tax/ |archive-date=2023-11-16 |access-date=2026-11-05 |work=The Star |language=en-KE |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web |last=Agencies |first=N |title=Ugandan pop star opposition MP Bobi Wine arrested again |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/29/ugandan-pop-star-opposition-mp-bobi-wine-arrested-again |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwokuna mu 2019, bweyali agenda ku woofiisi ezikola ku by'okunoonyereza ku bumennyi bw'amateeka n'obuzi bw'emisango mungeri y'okuwa okuyitibwa kwe ekitiibwa n'okwogera ku by'okusazaamu ekivulu, Kyagulanyi neera baddamu nebamukwata era nebautwala mu kkooti ya Buganda Road, gyeyavunaanibwa okugaana okusa ekitiibwa mi mirimu gy'eggwanga n'amateeka era nebamusindika mu komera e Luzira okutuusa bweyagibwayo ng'alindirira kuwuliriza kuwozesebwa kwe nga 2 Ogwokutaano. Mu byayogerwa olunaku oluddako, ekibiina ky'ensi yonna ekirwana okulaba nga kikuuma eddembe ly'abantu, ky<nowiki>'asaba okuteebwa kwe mu bunaambiro, era nekikubiriza gavumenti ya Uganda ''okulekeraawo okukozesa mungeri eswaza okugezaako okusirisa oyo abeera agivumirira''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-30 |title=Free Bobi Wine immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/04/uganda-detention-of-bobi-wine-is-a-shameless-attempt-to-silence-dissent/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> Kulunaku lw'okuwozesebwa, lwakolebwa ku lukungaana olwali olwa vidiyo nga lwerwasokera ddala mu byafaayo by'amateeka ga Uganda, Kyagulanyi yakirizibwa okuteebwa, nga warindirira okuwozesebwa era n'ateebwa okuva mu kkomera, wabula ng'ekkooti yamuwera okubeerako okwegugunga kwonna kw'ategeka nga tekuli mu mateekawith the court also arring him from holding unlawful demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=inbox |first=Get the stories shaping East Africa-delivered straight to your |date=2020-07-06 |title=Ugandan court grants Bobi Wine bail |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/ugandan-court-grants-bobi-wine-bail-1417112 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> === Okulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2021 === Nga 24 Ogwomusanvu mu 2019, Kyagulanyi yalangirira nga bweyali agenda okwesimbawo mu ku londa kwa bonna ku bwa pulezidenti mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda's Bobi Wine Formally Announces Presidential Bid |url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/ugandas-bobi-wine-formally-announces-presidential-bid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129225032/https://www.voanews.com/africa/ugandas-bobi-wine-formally-announces-presidential-bid |archive-date=2021-01-29 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=Voice of America |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Nga 22 Ogwomusanvu mu 2020, yalangirira nga bweyali yeegase ku kibiina ky'eby'obuvuzi ekimannyikiddwa nga [[National Unity Platform]], era n'alondebwa okubeera pulezidenti wakyo era eyali agenda okukikwatira bendera ng'agenda okwesimbawo ku bwa pulezidenti bwa Uganda mu kulonda kwabonna okwali kugenda okubeerawo mu Gwokubiri mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Polls: Bobi Wine to Run for Presidency under National Unity Platform Political Party – Online news from Uganda and the East African region – SoftPower News |url=https://www.softpower.ug/2021-polls-bobi-wine-to-run-for-presidency-under-national-unity-platform-political-party/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045317/https://www.softpower.ug/2021-polls-bobi-wine-to-run-for-presidency-under-national-unity-platform-political-party/ |archive-date=2020-07-27 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.softpower.ug |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> Kyagulanyi yali alondeddwa okwesimbawo mu woofiisi eyali esinga okubeera eyawagulu ey'okubeera pulezidenti nga 3 Ogwokuminoogumu mu 2020. Mu kaseera katono nnyo nga bamazze okumulonda, Kyagulanyi yakwatibwa poliisi y'amaggye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Jazeera English |date=2020-11-03 |title=Uganda’s Bobi Wine arrested after presidential nomination: Party |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUETRakzDic |access-date=2026-08-06}}</ref> Nga 6 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 2020, yatongoza byeyali agenda okukola bweyali mu kakuyege e [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda nga bweyali agenda okwesimbawo oluvannyuma lw'abadukanya eggwanga okuyimiriza ekibiina kye ekya [[National Unity Platform|NUP]] webotolooza woofiisi zabwe ne poliisi wamu n'amaggye, nebamulemesa okutongoreza eyo byeyali agenda okukola nga bwebaali bakitegese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bobi Wine to Unveil manifesto in Museveni's Region |url=https://www.fastobserver.com/2020/11/bobi-wine-to-unveil-manifesto-in.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120030502/https://www.fastobserver.com/2020/11/bobi-wine-to-unveil-manifesto-in.html |archive-date=2021-01-20 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.fastobserver.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 11veOgwekuminoogumu mu, Ssentamu was yakaatibwa mu disitulikiti y'e Luuka mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda n'agalirwa ku poliisi y'e Nalufenya mu [[Jinja (disitulikit)|Jinja]] okumala enaku satu. Okusinziira ku lupapula lw'amawulire olwa 'Daily Monitor', "Poliisi yawayiriza Omukulu Kyagulanyi olw'okubeeta n'abawagizi abasoba mu 200 abaali bakiriizbwa akakiiko akavuunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda mu Uganda okusobola okutangira okusaasaana kwa Covid-19."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-18 |title=Bobi Wine arrested in Luuka |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/bobi-wine-arrested-in-luuka-3202494 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> His aatibwa kwe kwavirako okwekalakaasa okwali kwetoloodde eggwanga lyonna nadala mu bitundu bya la, [[Masaka]], Jinja, [[Mukono (disitulikit)|Mukono]], [[Mbale (disitulikit)|Mbale]] ne Wakiso. Wadde nga poliisi ya Uganda yali ekikatiriza nti abantu 54 beebaali batiddwa, abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abantu baali bagamba omuwendo gwalinya ngera kusuka mu bantu 100 abaali batemuddwa nga n'abalala baafuna ebisago<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-20 |title=November riots: How victims were killed |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/november-riots-how-victims-were-killed-3625394 |access-date=2026-11-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |first=N |title=Deadly Uganda protests over Bobi Wine’s arrest |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2020/11/19/in-pictures-violence-in-uganda |access-date=2026-11-05 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>. Abantu abasuka 2000 beebakwatibwa nebagarirwa mu kkomera mu bwegugungo obwali buyitiridde.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Athumani |first=Halima |last2=Wroughton |first2=Lesley |date=2020-11-20 |title=37 dead in Uganda protests after arrest of presidential candidate Bobi Wine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/uganda-protests-bobi-wine/2020/11/20/efe106ec-2aa6-11eb-9c21-3cc501d0981f_story.html |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-20 |title=Death toll at 37 in Uganda unrest after Bobi Wine's arrest |url=https://apnews.com/article/bobi-wine-kampala-health-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-5e0f669f868431ace6102162b7fa4e8a |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Omukuumi wa Wine, Francis Senteza yatibwa nga 27 mu Gwekumineebiri mu 2020, oluvannyuma lw'okutomerwa ekimmotoka kya poliisi y'amaggye. Yalumbibwa bweyali agezaako okutwala munamawulire eyali alumiziddwa n'omukka ogubalagala mungeri embi ennyo mu bukuubagano obwaliwo mukusooka wakati poliisi n'ekibinja ky'abawagizi ba Bobi Wine.Munamawulire omulala yafuna ebisago munsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |first=N |title=Bobi Wine says bodyguard killed in violence ahead of poll |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/27/uganda-bobi-wine-says-bodyguard-kill-in-election-violence |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwolubereberye, akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulondesa mu UIganda kaalangirira nga Museveni bweyali awangudde okulonda n'obululu 58,6 ku 100. Wine yagaana okukiriziganya neebyali bivudde mu kulonda kuno, ng'agamba kwekukyasinze okubeera nga tekwali kwesiimbu mu byafaayo bya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni declared winner of disputed Uganda presidential election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/16/ugandas-museveni-declared-winner-of-presidential-election |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Wine yagalirwa mu maka gge nga takirizibwa kutambula nga 15 Ogwolubereberye, akaseera katono nnyo oluvannyuma lw'okusuula akalulu kke ak'okulonda kwa bonna ak'obwa pulezidenti. Amaggye geetoloola amaka gge nga tegakiriza muntu yenna kuyingira oba kufuluma okumala enaku ezaali ziwerako, wadde Wine y'agamba nga ng'emere bweyali emuweddeko. Omubaka wa Amerika mu Uganda, Natalie E. Brown yali takirizibwa kukyalira wadde okumulekera emere, kuba amagye gaali gaziyiza okuseregendde lw'emmotoka zze.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McSweeney |first=Eoin |date=2021-01-19 |title=US ambassador blocked from visiting Bobi Wine as official warns ‘don’t cry for Ugandans’ {{!}} CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/africa/us-embassy-uganda-wine-intl/index.html |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Wine yateebwa nga 26 Ogwolubereberye oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya Uganda enkulu okulagira ebitongole by'eby'ekwolinda okukomekereza okugalirwakwe mu nnyumba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McSweeney |first=Eoin |date=2021-01-26 |title=Uganda security forces withdraw from Bobi Wine’s home {{!}} CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/26/africa/bobi-wine-free-house-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Nga 1 Ogwokubbiri, Wine yawakanya okulonda kwa 2021 mu kkooti, naye oluvannyuma yalagira banamateeka bbe okugyayo omusango ng'agamba abalamuzi baali bagenda kugusala mungeri etaali neesiimbu, oluvannyuma lw'omulamuzi omukulu okulabibwako mu bifannanyi ne pulezidenti Museveni, eyali agenda okukiikiriza ekibiina ekyali kiwawabibwa mu kkooti. == Emirimu gy'okuyamba abantu == Kyagulanyi ayambye pulojekiti ez'enjawulo ezitereddwa munkola okuyamba okulakulanya embeera y'abaavu.<ref name="Good">{{Cite news |title=Bobi giving back to the hands that lifted him up |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1306334/bobi-giving-hands-lifted |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110182446/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1306334/bobi-giving-hands-lifted |archive-date=2019-01-10 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> Mu 2012, yatandika kakuyege kw'okutumbuula okwongera okulongoosa amalwaliro okwabuli kiseera, eby'obuyonjo, okukungaanya kasasiro oba obutamu mansa buli wamu n'okunaaba engalo okusobola okwewala enddwadde.<ref name="Clean">{{Cite web |last=Lydia Nabakooza |date=2012-09-30 |title=The september General clean up Kampala Uganda |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LbIBheR83c |access-date=2026-08-06}}</ref> Vidiyo y'okumukutu gwa YouTube okuva mu Gwomwenda mu2012 eraga nga yeegase ku Loodi meeya wa Kampala [[Erias Lukwago]] mu kulongoosa Kamwookya, enzigota z'omulirwaano Kyagulanyi gyeyakulira.<ref name="Clean" /> Omwaka gwegumu, yawaayo ssente z'okuzimba kabuyonjo n'omukutu oguyaba okutambuza amazzi mu Kisenyi II, enzigota za Kampala olupapula lwa ''New Vision'' lwerwanyonyola okubera nga lwali lujudde obucaafu, obuzimbe obwazimbibwa obubi nga mubeeramu abantu abaavu, eby'obulamu obuyonjo nga bubi nga tebalina na buyambi bumala." Kyagulanyi yanyonyola nti yasalawo okukwata ku pulojekiti eno kubanga bano bantu bbe, nga wadde n'agenda wa, gano gajja kusigala nga ge makaage "<ref name="Good" /> Akubye ne kakuyege w'okulwanyisa omusujja gw'ensiri, ng'alina byeyawaayo mu ddwaliro lya Nakasongola Health Centre, wamu n'okulaga ebijuliziddwa eri obulwadde buno mu nnyimba zze.<ref name="Mom">{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2014-04-24 |title=Bobi Wine In Campaign Against Malaria |url=https://bigeye.ug/bobi-wine-campaign-malaria/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana mu 2013, Kyagulanyi yakyalira enkaambi y'abanoonyi boobubuddamu mu disitulikiti y'e Bundibugyo ng'ali n'abakiise okuva mu kitongole ekyamba abaana ekya Save the Children, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, n'ekya Red Cross, tokuwaayo ssenye n'ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2013-08-14 |title=Bobi WINE in Bundibugyo Charity Drive |url=https://bigeye.ug/bobi-wine-in-bundibugyo-charity-drive/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwezi ogwaddako, yatumibwa omubaka eyali amannyi eky'ekizadde aba Twaweza, ekitongole ky'obwanakyewa ekiteeka esira ku byenjigiriza n'okwenyigiramu kw'abanaansi mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika; obubaka bwe mu nkolagana eno bwali bwakutumbuula omuzadde ow'obuvunaanyizibwa era afaayo eri abawagizi bbe abanayuganda. Mu kagyojigyoji w'ebibuuzo gweyabuuzibwa ku bikwatagana ku pulojekiti eno, yagamba nti, " eby'enjigiriza byebisobola okukyuusa entambula y'eggwanga era ng'omuyimbi ate nga taata, nzikiriza nti tusobola okuleetawo enkyuka kyuka mu by'okuyigiriza bw'abaana bafe."<ref name="Ed">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Bobi Wine appointed parenting ambassador |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Mu 2014, Kyagulanyi yatuumibwa omubaka wa kakuyege eyali ow'okutaasa abaana ku lwabuli ombu, nga yeegata ku ttiimu y'abanayuganda abayimbi 14 abaakwata oluyimba olw'enjawulo ne vidiyo eyali ekwata ku by'okuzaalisa wamu n'eby'obulamu bw'abaana. Abayimbi abalala abaali mu vidiyo eno kwaliko; [[Jose Chameleone]], Radio ne Weasel, abakola ekibiina kya [[Goodlyfe Crew]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Music Artists Produce New Campaign Song in Uganda {{!}} EVERY ONE |url=https://everyone.savethechildren.net/articles/leading-music-artists-produce-new-campaign-song-uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002910/https://everyone.savethechildren.net/articles/leading-music-artists-produce-new-campaign-song-uganda |archive-date=2018-08-25 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=everyone.savethechildren.net |language=en}}</ref> Kyagulanyi ne mukyala we Barbara batambudde amalwaliro mangi okwetoloola Uganda omubadde eddwaliro ly'e Nakaseke, nga basisinkana abazaalisa n'abavunaanyizibwa ku by'obulamu okusobola okubunyisa kakuyege ono mu bantu.<ref name="Mom" /> Taasa abaana yamutwala mu bitundu ebirala ng'atambuza kakuyege ono omwali, ekifo ky'abanoonyi boobubuddamu ekya Nyumanzi Refugee Settlement mu Bukiika ddyo bwa Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ku lw'abantu ba Sudan y'omu Bukiika kkono.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/655590-bobi-wine-thrills-south-sudanese-refugees.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120201542/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/655590-bobi-wine-thrills-south-sudanese-refugees.html |archive-date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Esaawa eno, Bobi Wine yemuyima w'ekitongola ky'obwa nakyewa ekivunaanyiziba ku by'abawala n'abaana abazaala nga bato ekiyitibwa 'Caring Hearts Uganda', ekyatandikibwawo mukyala we Barbie Kyagulanyi. Ebikwata ku Caring Hearts Uganda - ekitongole ekitafa ku bya kukola magoba ku lw'ensonga z'obulamu bw'abakyala mu Uganda . Endaga ya Bobiwine eyalina okubeerawo nga 8 Ogwekumi mu 2022 yasazibwamu gavumenti ya UNITED ARAB EMIRATES olw'ensonga ezitategerekeka, bweyali yakatuuka yakwatibwa n'agalirwa ku kisaawe ky'e Dubai eky'ennyonyi okumala esaawa 10, wabula oluvannyuma yateebwa n'ayogerako eri abawagizi bbe, okwongerwayo kw'olulaga luno kwali kutegeeza nti banayuganda abaali bakonkomalidde mu United Arab Emirates baalina okukomezebwawo mu ggwanga lyabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://timesuganda.com/bobi-wine-show-in-dubai-is-cancelled/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014040519/https://timesuganda.com/bobi-wine-show-in-dubai-is-cancelled/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://celebpatrol.com/confirmed-bobi-wines-show-in-dubai-cancelled-he-reveals-why/ |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207112717/https://celebpatrol.com/confirmed-bobi-wines-show-in-dubai-cancelled-he-reveals-why/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obutakaanya == Kyagulanyi ayogera butereevu ewatali kwekwekerera ku bikwatagana ku by'obufuzi n'ebeera y'abantu mu Uganda, ekiretawo obutakaanya.Okutuusa mu Gwolubereberye mu 2019, yalina obutakaanya obwali tebukoma ne munayuganda mune omuyimbi [[Bebe Cool]], ayimbye mu kuwagira pulezidenti Museveni ne NRM, ng'ate Kyagulanyi abadde mu kuwagira oludda oluvuganya.<ref name="bigeye.ug">{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2016-02-22 |title=Bebe Cool fans forsake him over politics, and join Bobi Wine. |url=https://bigeye.ug/bebe-cool-fans-forsake-him-over-politics-and-join-bobi-wine/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bigeye.ug"/> Mu Gwomusanvu mu 2014, kyalangirirwa nti Kyagulanyi yali wakuyimbira mu Bungereza mu kifo ekiyitibwa The Drum Arts Centre mu Birmingham ne [[Troxy]] mu London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Scott |date=2014-07-24 |title=Anti-gay Ugandan singer due to perform in Birmingham and London |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2014/07/24/anti-gay-ugandan-singer-due-to-perform-in-birmingham-and-london/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=PinkNews {{!}} Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news {{!}} LGBTQ+ news |language=en-US}}</ref> Kino kyaletera okukiwera olw'ebigambo byeyali akozesa nga byogera ku buli bwebisiyaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabaasa |first=Monica |date=2014-07-28 |title=Bobi Wine UK Performance Faces Resistance |url=https://chimpreports.com/bobi-wine-to-be-banned-from-performing-in-uk/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebifo byombi byasazaamu okulabikako kwa Kyagulanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/%E2%80%98burn-gays%E2%80%99-rapper-axed-uk-venues290714 |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2022-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815105138/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/%E2%80%98burn-gays%E2%80%99-rapper-axed-uk-venues290714/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lockley |first=Mike |date=2014-07-29 |title=Anti-gay rapper banned from Birmingham venue over homophobic lyrics |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/drum-arts-centre-aston-cancels-7525289 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309075347/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/drum-arts-centre-aston-cancels-7525289 |archive-date=2026-03-09 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=Birmingham Live |language=en-GB |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu kiwandiiko ky'Ogwokutaano mu 2016 ekyali ku mukutu gwa 'Twitter' omwalimu okuwanyisiganya na'aba ULC Monastery LGBTI, ekibiina ky'abakiririza mu diini y'obukatuliki kyatumbuula okuwagira eri aba LGBT, Kyagulanyi yagamba nga bweyali avudde mungeri gyeyali awandiise eri abantu abalya ebisiyaga, naye nga teyalambululula bulungi nti oba endowooza zze eri abali b'ebisiyaga yali ekyuse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Reverend Randy P. Orso [@ULCMLGBTI] |title=@HEBobiwine You recently met with the USA Amb. Malac, have you renounced violence toward the LGBT community in Uganda? |url=https://x.com/ULCMLGBTI/status/735354249186578432 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Mu 2015, Kyagulanyi yalwanirira obwakabaka bwa [[Buganda]] mulujude bwebwali busonda ssente ekintu ekyavumirirwa Sheikh Muzaata n'akyogerako ebigambo ebibi, nekitandikawo olutalo lw'ebigambo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aine |first=Kim |date=2015-03-23 |title=Bobi Wine Warns of War with Muzaata |url=https://chimpreports.com/bobi-wine-warns-of-war-with-muzaata/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyagulanyi ebiseera esinga abadde amannyikiddwa nga ''Omubanda wa Kabaka'' ku lw'engeri gy'ali omwesimbu n'okwagala Kabaka wa Buganda.<ref name="observer">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=17190:bobi-wine-dumped-law-for-music |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128175019/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=17190:bobi-wine-dumped-law-for-music |url-status=dead }}</ref> n AGwokupa mu 6, wheekyuma kya Uganda kyokka ekiyamba mu kujanjaba obulnadde bwa kookolo e Mulago mu Uganda bwekyayononeka, Kyagulaunyi yakulemberamu mu kubunyisa obutali bumativu bw'abantu kungeri abakungu gyebalwawo okwanukula kunsonga eno, n'avumirira ne gavumenti okubeera nga tefaayo wekituuka ku by'obulamu bw'abantu, n'avuganya abakulembezze b'eggwanga ku ky'okukozesa obulungi omusolo oguweebwa banaansi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-16 |title=Mulago cancer machine breaks down |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mulago-cancer-machine-breaks-down-1645902 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ivan |first=sewakiryanga |title=Bobi wine to raise money for Cancer Machine! {{!}} Campusjuice |url=http://mycampusjuice.com/2016/04/11/bobi-wine-to-raise-money-for-cancer-machine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030150642/http://mycampusjuice.com/2016/04/11/bobi-wine-to-raise-money-for-cancer-machine/ |archive-date=2017-10-30 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=mycampusjuice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okuyita mu kaseera k'okulonda kwa 2015 ne 2016, Kyagulanyi esira ly'obubaka bwe yaliteeka ku bya kuwagira ndowooza za njawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-16 |title=BBC Interviews Bobi Wine, Calls For Peace During Elections |url=https://www.howwe.ug/news/entertainment/10661/bobi-wine-has-today-been-interviewed-by-bbc-world-service |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.howwe.ug |language=en}}</ref> Omulanga gwa Kyagulanyi eri abantu gwali gwakakuyege wa kulaba nga gavumenti etereeza eby'obufuzi n'embeera y'abantu mu kulonda kwa 2016, n'ennyimba nga "Dembe", lwaleeta eneeyisa ezitali zimu okuva mu byali byetaagwa mu by'obufuzi bwa Uganda. Mu kaseera kano, [[Uganda Communications Commission|ekitongole kya Uganda ekivunaanyizibwa ku bifulumizibwa ku mpewo]] kyegaana nga bwekyaali kiweze oluyimba lwa "Dembe" okuva ku mikutu gya leediyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-16 |title=UCC denies banning Bobi Wine Dembe song |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ucc-denies-banning-bobi-wine-dembe-song-1635916 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'emyezi esatu ng'okulonda kuwedde, omubaka wa Amerika mu Uganda Deborah R. Malac yayaniriza Kyagulanyi ku kabaga k'abakungu akaali ku kitebe, n'agamba nti ono yali ayambye okukyusa abavubuka b'eggwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2016-05-25 |title=PHOTO: Bobi Wine and his wife hang out with US Ambassador |url=https://bigeye.ug/bobi-wine-and-his-wife-hang-out-with-us-ambassador/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Uganda bweyagyako emikutu gimukwanira wala mu kaseera k'okulonda kwa 2016, Kyagulanyi yakoseza gw'obwanannyini ogwa virtual private network okuwanikayo obutali bumativu eri okugalibwawo kw'eby'empuliziganya ku mukutu gwe ogwa 'Facebook' nga bw'alaga nga gavumenti bweyasigala ng'ekozesa emikutu gimukwanira wala gyebaali batandise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/being-on-social-media-is-an-ultimate-act-of-defiance-bobi-wine/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |archive-date=2018-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002511/http://chano8.com/being-on-social-media-is-an-ultimate-act-of-defiance-bobi-wine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyagulanyi oluvannyuma yalondebwa ng'omu ku baali bagenda okwogera kunsonga y'eddembe kulunaku lw'okwolesa eddembe World Press Freedom Day mu Kampala mu Gwokutaana mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugandan Artistes Criticize State Limitation of their Expression {{!}} ChimpReports |url=http://chimpreports.com/entertainment/ugandan-artistes-criticize-state-limitation-of-their-expression/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506005857/http://chimpreports.com/entertainment/ugandan-artistes-criticize-state-limitation-of-their-expression/ |archive-date=2016-05-06 |access-date=2026-11-05 |website=chimpreports.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu mu 2016, yalwanirira eddembe lyabanyimbi bane abamuvuganya okwolesa endowooza zaabwe nti Kyagulanyi nga ye taziwagira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-16 |title=Spare artistes from boycott, Bobi Wine appeals to Besigye |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/spare-artistes-from-boycott-bobi-wine-appeals-to-besigye-1643046 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana mu 2020, Kyagulanyi yatwalibwa mu kkooti nga bamulumiriza okufulumya obubaka obukyamu, okwewandiisa ng'akoseza ekifannanyi ekitali kikye n'okukosesa ebipapula ebikyamu ebitali bibye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=URN |date=2020-09-01 |title=Bobi Wine summoned by court over altered age |url=https://observer.ug/news/bobi-wine-summoned-by-court-over-altered-date-of-birth/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Ruling on Bobi Wine age case for September 28 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Nga 3 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 2020, Kyagulanyi yakwatibwa oluvannyuma lw'abavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda bwebamukakasa nga bweyali agenda okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa bonna okwali kubinda binda Ekiwandiiko ku mukutu gwe ogwa Twitter kyali kigamba yakwatibwa mungeri y'obutabanguko wabweru w'ekifo webaali bamukakasiriza g'eyali agenda okwesimbawo, nebamuziba amaaso okumala akaseera katono era poliisi n'amaggye negamutulugunya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Jason |last2=Okriror |first2=Samuel |last3=Kampala |date=2020-11-03 |title=Ugandan singer Bobi Wine arrested after confirmation as election candidate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/03/ugandan-singer-bobi-wine-arrested-after-confirmation-as-election-candidate |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Bweyali asoma ku [[Makerere University|yunivasite y'e Makerere,]] Kyagulanyi yasisinkana mukyala we, [[Barbie Kyagulanyi|Barbara Itungo,]] nga mubiseera ebya yali muyizi mu siniya ey'omukaaga ku [[Bweranyangi Girls' Senior Secondary School]]. Embaga yabwe yaliwo mu gwomunaana mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 10 nga babeera bombi, ng'era balina abaana banna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/barbie-and-children-take-bobi-wine-campaigns-to-another-level/ |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2018-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815164215/http://chano8.com/barbie-and-children-take-bobi-wine-campaigns-to-another-level/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyagulanyi ne famire ye babeera ku kyalo Magere, mu disitulikiti y'e Wakiso, 'ng'era akakasa nti bagenda bonna okulima okusobola okufuna emmere, buli wetuba tusobola. Nga kino nkikola kubanga njagala bayige okubeera mubulamu obwabulijjo, ssi ng'obw'omwana w'omuntu omumannyifu."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Bobi Wine rough as a musician, smooth as a father |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Nga 10 Ogwokubiri mu 2015, taata wa Kyagulanyi yafa oluvannyuma lw'okumala akabanga akawanvu ng'atawanyizibwa ekirwadde kya sukaali.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bobi Wine's father passes on |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Bobi-Wine-father-passes-on/812796-2619324-i7awa8z/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120109/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Bobi-Wine-father-passes-on/812796-2619324-i7awa8z/index.html |archive-date=2017-10-23 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=Daily Monitor |language=en-UK}}</ref> Ensonga zno n'okuziika kwasikiriza abakungubaze bangi nga muno mwemwali abakungu ba gavumenti ssaako n'abantu abalala abamannyifu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Politics as Bobi Wine’s father is laid to rest |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/politics-as-bobi-wine-s-father-is-laid-to-rest-1600300 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga wayise omwezi gumu, Kyagulanyi yafulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa "Paradiso", olwalimu obubaka obwali bukubiriza abantu okwesiimiza bazadde baabwe nga bakyali balamu.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bobi hosts fans at Paradiso release |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Bobi-hosts-fans-at-Paradiso-release/-/812796/2654454/-/format/xhtml/-/9mriec/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823141842/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Bobi-hosts-fans-at-Paradiso-release/-/812796/2654454/-/format/xhtml/-/9mriec/-/index.html |archive-date=2018-08-23 |access-date=2026-08-06 |work=Daily Monitor |language=en-UK}}</ref> == Awaadi == === Awaadi ne by'alondeddwamu === === Engule endala === * 2018 Africanews omuntu asinze mu mwaka<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/01/01/uganda-s-bobi-wine-is-2018-africanews-personality-of-the-year// |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-27 |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627194720/https://www.africanews.com/2019/01/01/uganda-s-bobi-wine-is-2018-africanews-personality-of-the-year// |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2019 ''Foreign Policy'' Abalowooza munsi yonna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Policy's 100 Global Thinkers |url=https://2019globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com/ |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=2019 Global Thinkers - Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019 Rainbow/PUSH Awaadi y'abalwaniridde eddembe ly'abantu munsi yonna<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwarua |first=Douglas |date=2019-07-10 |title=Bobi Wine receives prestigious International Humanitarian Award - Tuko.co.ke |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/310073-bobi-wine-receives-prestigious-international-humanitarian-award.html |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.tuko.co.ke |language=en}}</ref> * 2019 Friedrich Naumann Foundation Ekirabo ky'eddembe ku lukalo lwa Afrika<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-10 |title=Hon. Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu “Bobi Wine” Honoured With Freedom Prize {{!}} Friedrich Naumann Foundation |url=https://www.freiheit.org/de/pressemitteilung/hon-robert-kyagulanyi-ssentamu-bobi-wine-honoured-freedom-prize |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.freiheit.org |language=en}}</ref> * 2021 Bobi Wine yalangirirwa aba Janzi Awards ng'omuyimbi eyali omutandisi w'emirimu eyasinga * 2022 Ng'ali wamu ne Ronie Matovu afulumya ennyimba, [[Humphrey Nabimanya]] n'aba Bryan Morel Publications, Bobi Wine yaweebwa awaadi ku anna wansi w'anna awaadi y'okulukalo lwa Afrika muAccra [[Ghana]]. == Ennyimba ze == Ennyimba zze ezigibwa ku mikutu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-04 |title=Spotify |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spotify&oldid=1367670759 |language=en}}</ref> ; Entaambi * 2015: ''Bobi Wange'' * 2015: ''Hosanah'' * 2015: ''Kansubize'' * 2015: ''Ontabira'' * 2015: ''Sweet'' * 2018: ''Kyarenga'' ; Ennyimba eenyimpi wamu n'empaanvu * 2015: "Ayagala Mulaasi" * 2017: "Freedom" * 2018: "Kyarenga" * 2019: "Tuliyambala Engule" * 2020: "Corona Virus Alert" == Ffirimu z'abaddemu == * 2008: ''Divisionz'' * 2010: ''Yogera'' * 2015: ''Situka'' * 2016: ''Omubanda wakabaka'' == Ebujuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1982]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 2n16gd5g06e2fpdoagggfjkb7c71sj8 Rwanda 0 5688 78192 77406 2026-11-08T01:48:46Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], abayizzi era abakunganya b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1993_34_1/page/15 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2011_32_10/page/1911 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, ebisaawe ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. Amasaza gano agataano gakola ng’abagatta gavumenti y’eggwanga ne disitulikiti ezigakola okulaba ng’enkola z’eggwanga ziteekebwa mu nkola ku mutendera gwa disitulikiti. Enkola ya Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework eyakolebwa Minisitule ya Gavumenti ez'ebitundu ewa amasaza obuvunaanyizibwa "okukwasaganya ensonga z'enfuga mu Ssaza, wamu n'okulondoola n'okwekenneenya". Buli ssaza likulemberwa Gavana, alondebwa pulezidenti era n’ayisibwa olukiiko lwa Senate. Disitulikiti zino zivunaanyizibwa ku kukwasaganya enkola y’emirimu gya gavumenti n’okutumbula ebyenfuna. Zaawuddwamu ebisaawe, ebivunaanyizibwa ku kutuusa empeereza ya gavumenti nga bwe ziragibwa disitulikiti. Disitulikiti n’ebisaawe birina enkiiko ezirondebwabu obutereevu, era nga ziddukanyizibwa akakiiko akafuzi akalondebwa olukiiko olwo. Obufo obutono n’ebyalo bye bitundu by’ebyobufuzi ebisinga obutono, nga bigatta abantu n’ebisaawe. Bannansi bonna abakulu abatuuze ba mmemba ku lukiiko lw’obufo obutono obw’ekitundu kyabwe, nga muno mwe balondera akakiiko akafuzi. Ekibuga [[Kigali]] kitongole ku mutendera gw’amasaza, ekikwasaganya enteekateeka y’ebibuga mu kibuga. == Enkula y’ensi == Rwanda esangibwa mu [[Buvanjuba bwa Africa]], mu kitundu ky'amasekkati g’obuvanjuba ga ssemazinga wa [[Afirika|Africa]], wakati wa 1° ne 3° S latitude ne wakati wa 29° ne 31° E longitude. Enkula yaayo emanyiddwa olw’ebifo eby’ensozi, n’ennyanja ennyingi. Ku sikweya kiromita 26,338 (sikweya mayiro 10,169), Rwanda y'ensi eye 144 mu bugazi mu nsi yonna, era ye y'okuna mu butono ku lukalu lwa Africa oluvannyuma lwa [[Gambia]], [[Eswatini]], ne [[Djibouti]] . Obunene bugeraageranyizibwa ku [[Burundi]], [[Haiti]] ne [[Albania]] . Eggwanga lyonna liri ku buwanvu bwa waggulu: ekifo ekisinga wansi gwe [[mugga Rusizi]] ku mmita 950 ( ffuuti 3,117) waggulu w’ennyanja. [[Ekitundu ky’amazzi]] wakati w’ebifo ebikulu ebikulukutiramu [[Omugga Congo]] ne [[Nile]] kiva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo nga kiyita mu Rwanda, nga ebitundu nga 80% ku bitundu by’eggwanga lino bikulukutirwamu Omugga Nile ate ebitundu 20% ne biyingira mu Congo nga biyita mu [[mugga Rusizi]] n’ennyanja [[Lake Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] . Omugga ogusinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga lino gwe gwa [[Nyabarongo River Wetlands|Nyabarongo]], ogusibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, ne gukulukutira mu bukiikakkono, ebuvanjuba, n’obukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba nga tegunneegatta na [[Ruvubu]] okukola [[Kagera]]; olwo Kagera n’ekulukutira ddala mu bukiikakkono ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba ne Tanzania. Nyabarongo-Kagera okukkakkana nga guyiye mu [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Nalubaale]], era ensibuko yaayo mu kibira kya Nyungwe era gwe gumu ku byogerwako okuba [[ensibuko]] y’[[Omugga Nile]]. Rwanda erina ennyanja nnyingi, ng’esinga obunene ye [[Lake Kivu|Nnyanja Kivu]]. Ennyanja eno ekwata wansi wa [[Albertine Rift]] ku buwanvu obusinga obungi obw’ensalo ya Rwanda ey’amaserengeta, era ng’obuwanvu obusinga buba mmita 480 (ffuuti 1,575), y’emu ku nnyanja amakumi abiri ezisinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna. Ennyanja endala ennene mulimu [[Burera]], [[Ruhondo]], Muhazi, [[Rweru]] ne [[Ihema]] ng'esembayo y'esinga obunene ku nnyanja eziddiriŋŋana mu biwonvu eby'ebuvanjuba bwa [[Akagera National Park]]. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] a7ub2nki92y72q4k5c6j9wfxq488571 Zambia 0 5700 78202 72959 2026-11-08T02:00:22Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1970_11_4/page/591 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocommonwil0000boln |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-southern-african-studies_2000-09_26_3/page/429 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_urban-studies_2005-04_42_4/page/583 |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/zambia |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204041/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2007/2008]. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref> Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Zambia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?view=m&locations=ZM |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=World Bank Open Data}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> Zambia yagwa mu bwavu oluvannyuma lw’emiwendo gya kkopa mu nsi yonna okukka mu myaka gya 1970. Gavumenti eyali ekulemberwa abantu abalina endowooza ez’enjawulo yagezaako okuzzaawo ssente ze yali efiiriddwa ng’eyita mu nteekateeka ez’enjawulo ezaali zitegekeddwa ekitongole ekya International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Enkola ey’obutatunda ng’oyita mu kkubo erisinga okukozesebwa era nga lye kkubo ly’eggaali y’omukka erituuka ku nnyanja – ekitundu kino kyali kimanyiddwa nga Rhodesia (okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1979), era nga kati kimanyiddwa nga Zimbabwe – kyafiiriza nnyo eby'enfuna. Oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa Kaunda, (okuva mu 1991) gavumenti ez’enjawulo zaatandika okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono. Eby'enfuna byasigala mu kifo bizingamye kyabyo okutuusa mu myaka gya 1990. Mu 2007 Zambia kino yakiteeka ne mu biwandiiko anti eby'enfuna by'eggwanga byagwa okuva ku bitundu 30% okutuuka ku bitundu 8.9% mu 2000.<ref name="dos2009">{{cite web |title=Background Note: Zambia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194627/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |archive-date=22 January 2017 |access-date=21 May 2019 |publisher=Department of State}}</ref> Zambia ekyakola ku nsonga z'enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna nga obunene bw'ebitongole bya gavumenti, n'okutumbula enkola ya Zambia mu bitongole by'abantu.<ref name="dos2009" /> Amateeka g'ebyenfuna n'okulwawo okusalawo kungi, n'obuli bw'enguzi bususse. Enkola y'obukulembeze mu Zambia ereetera abantu okukozesa enkola ezitali mu mateeka okusobola okufuna ebyetaago byabwe ebya bulijjo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Zambia |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420184253/http://business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=22 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Ebbanja lya Zambia lyonna awamu lisinga obuwumbi bwa ddoola 6 mu kiseera ekyo eggwanga lye lyali lisobola okufuna obuyambi bw'ensimbi okuva mu nteekateeka egenderera okuwola ensimbi eri amawanga agatawanyizibwa mu by'enfuna eya Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) mu 2000, nga kino kyali kyesigamye ku kutuukiriza ebisaanyizo ebimu. Mu kusooka, Zambia yali esuubira okutuuka ku mutendera ogusembayo ogw'enteekateeka ya HIPC okusobola okufuna okusonyiyibwa ku bbanja lyayo 2003. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2003, gavumenti ya Zambia yategeeza International Monetary Fund ne World Bank nti yali eyagala okuddamu okuteesa ku bimu ku bigobererwa mu kukola ssente nga basaba okuggyawo bbanka ya Zambia National Commercial Bank n’emikutu gy’amasimu n’amasannyalaze. Wadde nga baatuuka ku nzikiriziganya ku nsonga zino, okweyongera okusaasaanya ssente ku musaala gw’abakozi ba gavumenti n’okwongera ku muwendo gw’emisolo. Okwongera ku misolo n’okukendeeza ku musaala gw’abakozi ba gavumenti kyalemesa okwongeza ku musaala gwabwe n’okufuna emirimu emirala. Kino kyaleetawo okwekalakaasa mu ggwanga lyonna mu Gwokubiri 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Bank and IMF's long shadow in Zambia's copper mines |url=http://www.eurodad.org/whatsnew/articles.aspx?id=2108 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724213759/http://www.eurodad.org/whatsnew/articles.aspx?id=2108 |archive-date=2009-07-24 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.eurodad.org |language=en}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Zambia eri mu kunoonyereza ku nteekateeka ey'okukyusa mu by'enfuna okusobola okukendeeza ku kwesigama kw'ebyenfuna ku makolero ga kikomo. Enteekateeka eno eruubirira okukozesa ebintu ebirala ebiri mu by'obugagga bya Zambia nga bakulaakulanya eby'obulimi, eby'obulambuzi, okusima amayinja ag'omuwendo, n'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2018, pulezidenti wa Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Edgar Lungu baassa omukono ku ndagaano 12 mu kibuga ekikulu Lusaka ku nsonga ez'enjawulo okuva ku by'obusuubuzi n'okusiga ensimbi okutuuka ku by'obulambuzi n'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey and Zambia sign agreements to boost bilateral ties |url=https://www.trtworld.com/africa/turkey-and-zambia-sign-agreements-to-boost-bilateral-ties-19216 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170605/https://www.trtworld.com/africa/turkey-and-zambia-sign-agreements-to-boost-bilateral-ties-19216 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=Turkey and Zambia sign agreements to boost bilateral ties |language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkey-zambia-sign-12-deals-to-boost-bilateral-ties/1216679|title=Turkey, Zambia sign 12 deals to boost bilateral ties|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729210403/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkey-zambia-sign-12-deals-to-boost-bilateral-ties/1216679|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka''' Okusima n'okutema amayinja byakola ebitundu nga 13.2% ku GDP ya Zambia mu 2019.<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB">{{Cite web |title=Zambia (Advance Release), 2019 Minerals Yearbook |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2019/myb3-2019-zambia.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey.}}</ref> Ebyenfuna bya Zambia byali byesigamye ku makolero agasima kkopa.<ref name="twsqt">{{cite journal |last=Sikamo |first=J. |year=2016 |title=Copper mining in Zambia - history and future |journal=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy |publisher=Academy of Science of South Africa |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=491–496 |bibcode=2016JSAIM.116....1S |doi=10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a1 |issn=2411-9717 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Amakolero gano gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti mu 1973; wansi w'obukulembeze bwa gavumenti, okufulumya kwakendeera nnyo<ref name="2016JSAIMM">{{Cite journal |last=Sikamo |first=J. |last2=Mwanza |first2=A. |last3=Mweemba |first3=C. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Copper mining in Zambia - history and future |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-62532016000600003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy |language=en |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=491–496 |doi=10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a1 |issn=2225-6253 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okutunda emigabo mu 1996–2000, okusiga ensimbi, okufulumya, n'emirimu mu makolero g'ekikomo byeyongera.[3] Mu 2019, okutunda ekikomo mu mawanga amalala kwali ebitundu nga 69% ku muwendo gw'ebintu byonna ebyafulumizibwa mu Zambia ebyatundibwa mu mawanga amalala.<ref name="2016JSAIMM" /> Mu 2023, Zambia yali efulumya metric tons 698,000 eza kkopa.<ref name="TradingUnit">{{Cite news|date=2024-06-13|title=Zambia to set up mineral investment and trading unit|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/zambia-set-up-mineral-investment-trading-unit-2024-06-12/|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>Ye yali esinga mu kusima kkopa mu Afrika era nga ye yali esinga mu kusima kkopa mu nsi yonna, nga kino kyali kikola ebitundu 4% ku muwendo gya kkopa egyali kifulumizibwa mu nsi yonna.<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB" /> Ebirombe bya kkopa mu Zambia birina omugabo ogusukka mu kimu kyakuna eky'ebintu eby'enkizo mu ggwanga (GDP) ate nga erina omugabo ogusukka mu kimu kyakusatu eky'ebintu eby'enkizo mu ggwanga (copper production).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unlocking economic prosperity in the Zambian Copperbelt |url=https://www.theigc.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/23124%20Copperbelt%20Framing%20Paper_v5-WEB.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=[[International Growth Centre]]}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya ZCCM Investments Holdings kirimu eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka bingi; kirina omugabo gwa bitundu 49% mu birombe bya kkopa e Mopani, ng'ebitundu 51% ebisigadde birina nannyini byo mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu oba United Arab Emirates ng'eyita mu kkampuni ya International Holding Company.<ref name="TradingUnit" /> ZCCM erina emigabo mu by'obugagga eby'omu ttaka eby'ebitongole ebimanyiddwa nga Vedanta Resources ne First Quantum Minerals.<ref name="TradingUnit" />Olw'okuba eby'enfuna bya Zambia byesigamye nnyo ku by'amakolero ga copper, emiwendo gy'ensimbi z'eggwanga zigenda nga zikyukakyuka okusinziira ku miwendo gya copper.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Zambia needs the AfCFTA {{!}} D+C - Development + Cooperation |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/comparatively-small-economies-need-open-trade-drive-growth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328103353/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/comparatively-small-economies-need-open-trade-drive-growth |archive-date=2024-03-28 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.dandc.eu |language=en}}</ref> Gavumenti ya China, okuyita mu kkampuni ez'obwannannyini era nga kitundu ku nteekateeka yaayo eya Belt and Road Initiative, ekoze okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi mu mawanga amalala okuyita mu kuzimba amakolero, okutunda ebintu ebweru w'eggwanga, n'okukola bizineesi n'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Green Transition: Analysing Chinese Minerals Policy, and its Impact on Zambia |url=https://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1793363/FULLTEXT01.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=[[Försvarshögskolan]]}}</ref> Kkampuni ya China eyitibwa JCHX Mining erina obuyinza ku bitundu 80% mu birombe bya Lubambe Copper Mines eya Zambia, nga ZCCM erina ebitundu 20% ebisigaddeyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-07-11|title=Zambia says China's JCHX will invest $300 mln in Lubambe copper mine|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/zambia-says-chinas-jchx-will-invest-300-mln-lubambe-copper-mine-2024-07-11/|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Embeera ez'obulabe abalombe ze bakoleramu, emisaala emitono n'okutulugunya abakozi mu kampuni za China bye bimu kunsonga ezaviirako obutakkanya mu by'obufuzi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Bloody Frontier in Zambia |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/chinas-bloody-frontier-zambia |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Pulitzer Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshmi |first=Rouzbeh |date=2023-05-08 |title=Gk88 |url=https://gk88.casino/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=gk88.casino}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=2011-11-03|title=Chinese mining firms in Zambia under fire for mistreating workers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/nov/03/chinese-mining-zambia-mistreating-workers|access-date=2025-09-13|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Okwongereza ku kikomo, eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka ebisimibwa mu Zambia mulimu zaabu (ekirombe kye Kansanshi ), manganeeti (ekirombe kya Serenje), ne nikule (ekirombr kye Munali), awamu n'amayinja ag'omuwendo (okusingira ddala amayinja nga amethyst, beryl, emerald, ne tourmaline).<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB" /> '''Eby'obulimi n'ebyobulunzi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi bikola omulimu munene nnyo mu by'enfuna bya Zambia nga biwa abantu bangi emirimu okusinga eby'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka. Omuwendo omutono ogw'abalimi abazungu ab'e Zimbabwe baanirizibwa mu Zambia oluvannyuma lw'okugobwa Robert Mugabe, nga mu kiseera ekyo baali bantu nga 150 okutuuka ku 300.<ref>{{citation|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5037/is_200406/ai_n18258193/}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/21/world/zimbabwe-s-white-farmers-start-anew-in-zambia.html|periodical=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 March 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|title=Zimbabwe's White Farmers Start Anew in Zambia|last=LaFraniere|first=Shannon|archive-date=10 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510092649/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/21/world/zimbabwe-s-white-farmers-start-anew-in-zambia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Baalima ebirime eby'enjawulo omuli taaba, eŋŋaano, ne kaamulali ku faamu eziteeberezebwa okuba nga ziri 150. Obukugu bwe baaleeta, nga bw'ogasse n'okuggulawo eby'enfuna mu Zambia wansi w'obukulembeze bw'omugenzi Levy Mwanawasa, kigambibwa nti kyaviirako okukulaakulana mu by'obulimi mu Zambia. Mu 2004, omulundi ogwasooka mu myaka 26, Zambia yaggya ebweru kasooli omungi okusinga ku gwe yaggya ebweru. Mu Ddesemba 2019, gavumenti ya Zambia yasalawo mu ngeri emu okusimba enjaga ya cannabis olw'obujanjabi n'okugitunda ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia legalizes cannabis, kind of |url=https://thegrowthop.com/cannabis-news/zambia-legalizes-cannabis-kind-of |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303193126/https://www.thegrowthop.com/cannabis-news/zambia-legalizes-cannabis-kind-of |archive-date=3 March 2021 |access-date=7 May 2021 |website=thegrowthop |language=en-CA}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Ebyobulambuzi byali ebitundu 5.8% ebya GDP ya Zambia mu 2021; ogwo gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene, ogwa 9.8%, ogwaliwo mu 2019.<ref name="ITA24">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Travel and Tourism |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-travel-and-tourism |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi ebisinga obungi byali bikwata ku bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, naddala ebikwata ku Zambia's 20 national parks and 34 game management areas.<ref name="ITA24" /> Ekifo ky'obulambuzi ekisinga obunene, Victoria Falls, kifo ekiri ku lukalala lw'ebifo by'obulambuzi eby'ensi yonna (UNESCO World Heritage Site).<ref name="ITA24" /> Oludda lwa Zambia oluliko ekiyiira mu kkumiro ly'ebisolo erya Mosi-oa-Tunya awalala we guyiira guliraanya Zimbabwe. Livingstone eliraanaganye n'ekiyiira kya victoria kyafuuka ekifo eky'obulambuzi. Ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo kuliko Luangwa ey'Obukiikakkona n'ey'aObukiikaddyo, Kafue n'oluwonvu wa Luiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayne |first=Tricia |date=2020-09-14 |title=The best national parks in Zambia |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/zambias-best-national-parks/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Zambia ekulakulanyiza eby'obulambuzi eng'emu ku nkola y'okukulakulanya eby'enfuna naddala mu byaalo n'okukuuma obutonde. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zibanai |first=Zhou |date=2014 |title=Southern Africa Tourism Industry: Recent Trends and Future Prospects |url=http://www.publishingindia.com/ijhts/24/southern-africa-tourism-industry-recent-trends-and-future-prospects/340/2481/ |url-status=dead |journal=International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems |volume=7 |issue=2 |issn=0974-6250 |id={{ProQuest|1733224717}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028174752/http://www.publishingindia.com/ijhts/24/southern-africa-tourism-industry-recent-trends-and-future-prospects/340/2481/ |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> '''Amasanyalaze''' Mu 2009, Zambia yakola amasannyalaze ga TWh 10.3 era ebaddeko omuwendo munene mu kukozesa amasannyalaze g’enjuba n’amasannyalaze g’ebiyiriro.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zambia |url=http://www.irena.org/REmaps/countryprofiles/africa/Zambia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203044307/http://www.irena.org/REmaps/countryprofiles/africa/Zambia.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=12 March 2018 |website=www.irena.org}}</ref> Kyokka, ku ntandikwa ya 2015, Zambia yatandika okufuna ebbula ly’amasannyalaze olw’enkuba etatonnya bulungi mu 2014/2015, ekyavaako amazzi amatono mu Kariba dam ne mu mabibiro amalala amanene.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chilufya Chanda |date=28 September 2016 |title=Zambia: ARTICLE 70 of the UPND Constitution is Inconsistent with the Republican Constitution, it should be deemed illegal |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/09/28/article-70-of-the-upnd-constitution-is-inconsistent-with-the-republican-constitution-it-should-be-deemed-illegal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304193719/https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/09/28/article-70-of-the-upnd-constitution-is-inconsistent-with-the-republican-constitution-it-should-be-deemed-illegal/ |archive-date=4 March 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, African Green Resources (AGR) yalangirira nti ejja kussaamu ddoola obukadde 150 mu faamu y’amasannyalaze g’enjuba ya megawaati 50, awamu n’ekidiba ky’okufukirira, era nga bajja kwongera ku busobozi bw’ebitereke by’ebirime okutuuka ku ttani 80,000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-agriculture-idUSKCN1VU0ZU|title=Zambia farm input supplier plans to invest $150 million in farming|date=9 September 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=10 September 2019|language=en|archive-date=9 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909213832/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-agriculture-idUSKCN1VU0ZU|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'obuwamngwa''' Nga Zambia ey'omulembe tennaba kutandikawo, abantu baabeeranga mu mawanga ag'enjawulo, buli limu nga lirina engeri yaalyo ey'obulamu. Ekimu ku byava mu kiseera ky'amatwale kwe kukulaakulana kw'okubeera mu bibuga. Ebika by'abantu eby'enjawulo byatandika okubeera awamu mu bibuga ne mu bibuga ebikulu, nga kino kikyusa engeri gye babeeramu. Era baatandika okukkiriza ebintu ebimu eby'obuwangwa obw'ensi yonna, naddala mu ngeri gye bambalamu n'engeri gye beeyisaamu.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206">{{Cite book |author1=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |year=2019 |title=Zambian Culture: Harnessing Cultural Literacy with a Focus on Myths and Taboos |author2=Simooya, Steriah Monica |author3=Monde, Pauline Namakau |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-105-9 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–206}}</ref> Eby'obuwangwa bwa Zambia ebisinga obungi bikyaliwo mu byalo, n’obuwangwa obumu obuva ebweru nga Obukristaayo. Obuwangwa obukwata ku mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Zambia buyitibwa 'obuwangwa bwa Zambia' ate obulamu obw’awamu obukwata ku mawanga ag’enjawulo buyitibwa "obuwangwa bwa Zambia" kubanga bweyolekera mu Bannazambia kumpi bonna.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Mu bibuga, waliwo okugattagatta n'okukulaakulana kw'ebyobuwangwa bino okusobola okuvaamu ekiyitibwa "obuwangwa bwa Zambia". Zambia ekola emikolo n’obulombolombo obw’enjawulo okuva ku mikolo gy’ennono egikkirizibwa eggwanga lyonna okutuuka ku mikolo egitakkirizibwa naye nga mikulu. Emikolo n’obulombolombo ebisinga obungi bikolebwa ku mikolo egy’enjawulo okujaguza oba okujjukira ebituukiddwako, ebijaguzo, okuyitawo kw’ebiseera, okutuuza ku nnamulondo n’emikolo gy’obwa pulezidenti, okutangirira n’okutukuza, okutikkirwa, okwewaayo, okulayira okuwagira, okuyingira obufumbo, okufumbirwa, okuziika, okuzaala n’emikolo emirala.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Okufaananako amawanga ga Afirika agasinga obungi, Zambia ekola ku mikolo gyayo egy’olukale n’egyo egikolebwa mu kyama. Mu mikolo gy’olukale n’obulombolombo obukolebwa mulimu okulaga kalenda oba eby’obuwangwa eby’ebiseera ebigere, okulaga embeera, okulaga obulumi, okulagula, okutongoza, n’emikolo egya bulijjo.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egikolebwa mu kyama mulimu egyo egikolebwa mu kyama nga bannaddiini nga abasumba b’ekkanisa ya Nyau ne Nakisha abazinyi n’abawi b’amagezi ku bufumbo nga alangizi abakazi.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Okutuuka mu Ddesemba 2016, Zambia yalina emikolo gyayo egy’olukale 77 egy’obuwangwa egimanyiddwa gavumenti, era omuwendo guno gujja kweyongera mu biseera eby’omumaaso.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egikolebwa mu kyama mulimu egyo egikolebwa mu kyama nga bannaddiini nga abasumba b’ekkanisa ya Nyau ne Nakisha abazinyi n’abawi b’amagezi ku bufumbo nga alangizi abakazi.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egibaawo buli mwaka mulimu Nc'wala, Kulonga, Kuomboka, Malaila, Nsengele, Chibwela kumushi, Dantho, Ntongo, Makundu, Lwiindi, Chuungu, ne Lyenya. Gino gye gimanyiddwa nga emikolo gy'obuwangwa bwa Zambia. Egimu ku gyo egisinga okumanyibwa gye gino: Kuomboka ne Kathanga (mu Buggwanjuba), Mutomboko (Luapula), Kulamba ne Ncwala (Buvanjuba), Lwiindi ne Shimunenga (Bukiikaddyo), Lunda Lubanza (Bukkiikakkonobwobugwanjuba), Likumbi Lyamize (Bukkikakkonobwobuggwanjuba),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellert |first=Henrik |year=2004 |title=The magic of the makishi: masks and traditions in Zambia |publisher=CBC publishing |isbn=0-9515209-9-7 |location=Bath, UK |pages=38–63}}</ref> Mbunda Lukwakwa (Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba), Chibwela Kumushi (Masekkati), Vinkhakanimba (Muchinga), Ukusefya Pa Ng'wena (Bukiikakkono). Eby'emikono eby'ennono ebimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu okubumba, okukola ebibbo (nga Tonga baskets), entebe, eby'ambalo, emikeeka, ebifaananyi eby'omuti, ebifaananyi eby'amlyiba, eby'emikono eby'omu waya, n'eby'emikono eby'ekikomo. Ennyimba ezisinga obungi mu Zambia zeesigamiziddwa ku ngoma (n'ebyuma ebirala ebikubibwa) nga waliwo okuyimba n'okuzina kungi. Mu bibuga, ennyimba eziva mu mawanga amalala zimanyiddwa nnyo, naddala rumba eya Congo, ennyimba z'Abamerika abaddugavu n'ennyimba za Jamaica eziyitibwa reggae. '''Emirimu gy'eby'emikono''' Ng'oggyeko ebibumbe n'eby'emikono, Zambia erina eby'emikono eby'omulembe era ebinyuma okulaba, n'abasiizi b'ebifaananyi abakola mu kusiiga ebifaananyi, okukuba ebifaananyi, okukola ebibumbe, okukuba ebifaananyi n'ebintu ebirala ebikwatagana. Ekitongole kya Lechwe Trust, ekyatandikibwawo mu 1986, kikoze omulimu munene mu kuwagira eby'emikono mu Zambia okuyita mu buyambi, sikaala, emyoleso n'okukuŋŋaanya ebifaananyi ebiriwo mu Zambia.<ref name="Lechwe2019">{{cite book |year=2019 |title=Art Lives On – ii: A Retrospective Exhibition of Flinto S. Chandia & Lutanda F. Mwamba |publisher=Lechwe Trust |isbn=978-9982-70-959-0 |location=Lusaka}}</ref> Abantu ab’omugaso mu kisaawe ky’ebifaananyi mu Zambia mulimu Henry Tayali, Flinto Chandia ne Lutanda Mwamba. Chandia, eyakolanga mu mbaawo, amayinja n’ebintu eby’ekyuma, yali mmemba eyatandikawo ekibiina kya Zambia National Visual Arts Council era yakolagana n’emisomo gy’abasiizi b’ebifaananyi omuli Mbile ne Kabasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paraskos |first=Michael |year=2026 |title=Discovering Flinto Chandia |journal=Pygmalion: Provocations in Contemporary Carving |issue=5 |isbn=978-1-7384987-4-1}}</ref> Mwamba yali amanyiddwa naddala olw’okusiiga ebifaananyi n’okukuba ebifaananyi. Mu 2019 Lechwe Trust yategeka omwoleso ogw’okujjukira emirimu gya Chandia ne Mwamba, nga balaga ebibumbe, ebifaananyi n’ebifaananyi ebikubiddwa okumala emyaka egiwerako.<ref name="Lechwe2019" /> '''Emikutu migattabantu''' Wadde eddembe ly'okwogera n'ery'amawulire gakakasibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia, gavumenti etera okukugira eddembe lino okuteekebwa mu nkola.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Press Freedom survey on 186 countries |url=http://www.worldaudit.org/presstable.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201071942/http://www.worldaudit.org/presstable.html |archive-date=2016-12-01 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.worldaudit.org}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Zambia {{!}} Country report {{!}} Freedom of the Press {{!}} 2016 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/zambia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155841/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/zambia |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=Freedomhouse.org}}</ref> Wadde ng'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya Patriotic Front kisuubizza okuleka emikutu gy'amawulire egya gavumenti—omuli Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) n'olupapula lw'amawulire Zambia Daily Mail ne Times of Zambia—okwekolera ku by'okwogerako. Emikutu gy'amawulire egya gavumenti gye gisinga okufuga emikutu gy'amawulire, wadde ng'emikutu gy'obwannannyini mingi gisobola okutuuka ku bitundu by'abantu ebisinga obunene. '''Eby'emizannyo''' Emizannyo bya bulijjo mu mbeera z'abantu mu buwangwa bwa Zambia ebitwala abantu awamu okuyiga, okukulaakulanya ebitone, okusanyuka n'ebiseera eby'essanyu.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emizannyo mu Zambia mulimu emizannyo ng'omupiira, emisinde, netball, volleyball ne emizannyo egy'ekinnansi nga nsolo, chiyenga, waida, nkwekula nkukwekule, walyako, ne sojo.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Gino gye gimu ku mizannyo egy'ekinnansi egisobozesa enkolagana mu abantu. Ebyafaayo by'emizannyo egimu bya dda nnyo nga n'Abazambia b'ennyini tebannabaawo. Wabula, Zambia yatandika okwenyigira mu mizannyo egy'ettutumu mu nsi yonna okusinga mu mpaka za 1964 Summer Olympics.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Zambia yalangirira obwetwaze bwayo ku lunaku lw'omukolo ogw'okuggalawo emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1964 Summer Olympics, bw'etyo n'efuuka ensi esoose okwetaba mu mizannyo gya Olympics ng'eggwanga limu ate n'evaamu ng'eggwanga eddala. Mu 2016, Zambia y'enyigira mu mizannyo gya Olympics omulundi ogwa 13. Emidaali ebbiri gye gy'awangulwa. Emidaali gino gy'awangulwa mu bikonde ne mu misinde. Mu 1984 Keith Mwila yawangula omudaali gwa kikomo mu luzannya lwa light flyweight. Mu 1996 Samuel Matete yawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu misinde gya 400-metre hurdles. Zambia teyeetaba mu mizannyo gya Winter Olympics. Omupiira gw'ebigere gwe muzannyo ogusinga okumanyibwa mu Zambia, era ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ebigere ebadde n'ebiseera byayo eby'obuwanguzi mu byafaayo by'omupiira gw'ebigere. Mu 1988, mu mizannyo gya Summer Olympics egyali mu kibuga Seoul, ttiimu y'eggwanga yawangula ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Italy ku ggoolo 4–0. Kalusha Bwalya, omuzannyi w'omupiira gw'ebigere owa Zambia asinga okumanyibwa, yateeba ggoolo ssatu mu mupiira ogwo. Wabula, okutuusa leero, abakugu bangi bagamba nti ttiimu y'eggwanga eyasinga okukola obulungi y'eyo eyafiira mu kabenje k'ennyonyi nga 28 Ogwokuna 1993 mu kabenje k'ennyonyi e Libreville, Gabon. Wabula, mu 1996, Zambia yali ku kifo kya 15 ku lukalala lw'ekibiina kya FIFA World Football Team Rankings, ekifo ekisinga okuba waggulu ku ttiimu yonna eya southern Africa. Mu 2012, Zambia yawangula ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere mu Africa omulundi ogwasooka oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa mu mpaka ez'akamalirizo emirundi ebiri. Baakuba Côte d'Ivoire ggoolo 8–7 mu penati shoot-out ku fayinolo, eyazannyibwa mu Libreville, nga mayiro ntono okuva ku kabenje k'ennyonyi emyaka 19 emabega.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambia score emotional African Cup win|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/zambia-score-emotional-african-cup-win-20120213-1t0fb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718035537/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/zambia-score-emotional-african-cup-win-20120213-1t0fb.html|archive-date=2014-07-18|access-date=2025-09-13|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en-au}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala eya Zambia yasamba omupiira gwayo ogusooka mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup mu 2023 mu Australia ne New Zealand, ttiimu ya Zambia y'emu ku nnya eziikiikirira Confederation of African Football (CAF). Baawangula omupiira gwaabwe ogusooka mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup, nga Lushomo Mweemba yateeba ggoolo eyasinga okuteebwa amangu mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup, ate Barbara Banda n'ayongerako ggoolo eya 1,000 mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |author=Luke Vargas |date=31 Jul 2023 |title=Zambia earns first Women's World Cup win with 3-1 victory over Costa Rica |url=https://apnews.com/article/womens-world-cup-zambia-costa-rica-0479368443fd22795e67831ca0455f5f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803152711/https://apnews.com/article/womens-world-cup-zambia-costa-rica-0479368443fd22795e67831ca0455f5f |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=The Associated Press}}</ref> Rugby Union, ebikonde ne cricket nabyo mizannyo egimanyiddwa ennyo mu Zambia. Gye buvuddeko, obwammemba bwa Zambia bwazzibwawo mu butongole ICC ( International Cricket Council) ku 2025. Ekyewuunyisa, mu kiseera ekimu ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 2000, ttiimu z'eggwanga eza rugby union, ebikonde ne cricket zaali zikulemberwa abazannyi abaazaalibwa mu ddwaliro lye limu ery'e Lusaka, George Gregan ne Corné Krige. Okutuusa mu 2014, ekibiina kya Roan Antelope Rugby Club mu Luanshya kye kyali kikwatidde ddala ekifo ekisooka mu nsi yonna mu kuteekawo ebikondo by'ebigere ebiwanvu ennyo mu nsi yonna nga birina obuwanvu bwa ffuuti 110, inci 6 obuwanvu..<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Fran Cotton |date=1985 |title=The Book of rugby disasters & bizarre records |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofrugbydisas0000unse_t5x0 |author2=Chris Rhys |publisher=Stanley Paul |isbn=0-09-162821-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofrugbydisas0000unse_t5x0/page/107 107] |oclc=16923880}}</ref> Ekyewuunyisa, mu kiseera ekimu ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 2000, ttiimu z'eggwanga eza rugby union, ebikonde ne cricket zaali zikulemberwa bazannyi abaazaalibwa mu ddwaliro lye limu ery'e Lusaka, George Gregan ne Corné Krige.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallest rugby union posts |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/63633-tallest-rugby-union-posts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102231258/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/63633-tallest-rugby-union-posts |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref> Rugby union mu Zambia muzannyo mutono naye ogukula. Mu kiseera kino bali mu kifo kya 73 okusinziira ku IRB era balina abazannyi abawandiise 3,650 n’ebibiina bisatu ebyategekebwa obulungi.<ref name="IRB">{{Cite web |last=IRB.com |title=International Rugby Board - ZAMBIA |url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000028/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511104518/http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000028/index.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.irb.com |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ezannyira cricket ng’ekitundu kya Rhodesia. Zambia era ewaddeyo omuzannyi wa shinty international, Zambian-born Eddie Tembo ng’akiikirira Scotland mu compromise rules Shinty/Hurling game against Ireland in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tembo's return is boost for Glen |url=http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/Sport/Shinty/Tembos-return-is-boost-for-Glen-9521.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211180806/http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/Sport/Shinty/Tembos-return-is-boost-for-Glen-9521.htm |archive-date=2013-12-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.inverness-courier.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 2011, Zambia yali ya kutegeka emizannyo gya All-Africa egy'omulundi ogwa kkumi, era nga mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo e Lusaka, Ndola ne Livingstone.<ref name="games">{{cite web |title=Zambia to build three stadia for 2011 All-Africa Games |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200602/22/eng20060222_244775.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924005753/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200602/22/eng20060222_244775.html |archive-date=24 September 2008 |access-date=6 November 2007 |publisher=People's Daily Online}}</ref> Ekisaawe kye Lusaka kyali kyakutuuza abawagizi 70,000 saako n'ebisaawe ebirala byakutuuza abantu 50,000 buli kimu. Gavumenti yali ekubiriza abantu ab'obwannannyini okwenyigira mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo kubanga waaliwo ebbula ly'ensimbi za gavumenti ez'okukozesa mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo. Oluvannyuma Zambia yava mu kaweefube w'okutegeka emizannyo gya All-Africa egya 2011, nga bagamba nti tebalina nsimbi zimala. Bwe kityo, Mozambique yadda mu bigere bya Zambia ng'omutegeka w'emizannyo gya All-Africa egya 2011. Zambia era yazaala omuddugavu eyasooka (Madalitso Muthiya) okuzannyira mu United States Golf Open,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/05/05/a-rare-talent-from-an-unusual-source/|title=Zambia's Madalitso Muthiya a pioneer|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=5 May 2008|access-date=18 September 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222257/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-05-05/sports/0805040183_1_zambia-frederick-chiluba-nationwide-tour|url-status=live}}</ref> emu ku mpaka za golf ennya ezisinga obunene. Mu 1989, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omuzannyo gw'ensero yali ekola bulungi nnyo bwe yatuuka ku mutendera ogw'okuddamu okuzannya mu mpaka za FIBA Africa Championship era bw'etyo n'ekomekkereza ng'emu ku ttiimu ekkumi ezisinga okuba ez'amaanyi mu Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1989 African Championship for Men {{!}} ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/sid/2403/tid/0/_/1989_AfroBasket/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027160945/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/sid/2403/tid/0/_/1989_AfroBasket/index.html |archive-date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=archive.fiba.com}}</ref> Mu 2017, Zambia yakyaza era n'ewangula empaka z'omupiira gw'ebigere ogwa Pan-African ogwa U-20 African Cup of Nation ogw'abazannyi abali wansi w'emyaka 20.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/12/16/zambia-outsmart-south-africa-win-record-cosafa-u20-crown/|title=Zambia outsmart South Africa to win record Cosafa U20 crown|date=16 December 2016|work=Lusaka Times|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102225752/https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/12/16/zambia-outsmart-south-africa-win-record-cosafa-u20-crown/|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Ennyimba n'amazina''' Obuwangwa bwa Zambia bubadde kitundu kikulu eky'enkulaakulana yaabwe oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze nga mw'otwalidde n'okweyongera kw'ebyalo by'obuwangwa n'ebifo ebikuumirwamu ebintu eby'edda. Ennyimba ezaaleeta amazina kitundu ku nnyanjula yabwe ey'obuwangwa era kirimu obulungi n'ekitiibwa ky'obulamu mu Zambia, okuva ku butategeerekeka bw'engoma ez'okwogera okutuuka ku ngoma ya Kamangu ekozesebwa okulangirira entandikwa y'omukolo gwa Malaila ogw'obuwangwa. Amazina ng'ekikolwa kikola ng'ekintu ekigatta abantu nga bali bumu ng'ekimu ku bintu ebikolebwa mu buwangwa bwabwe.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=The Unrivaled Zambian Culture |url=http://ayibamagazine.com/unrivaled-zambian-culture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330174848/http://ayibamagazine.com/unrivaled-zambian-culture/ |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=Ayiba Magazine}}</ref> '''Zamrock''' Zamrock kika kya nnyimba ekyavumbulwa mu myaka gya 1970, era ekulaakulanyizza abagoberezi ab'amaanyi mu Bulaaya. Zamrock ennyonnyoddwa ng'okugatta ennyimba z'ekinnansi eza Zambia n'ennyimba ez'amaanyi eziddiŋŋana ezifaanana n'ebibinja nga Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, Black Sabbath, Rolling Stones, Deep Purple, ne Cream.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salt-thunder-mind-altering-rock-1970s-zambia|title=Salt & thunder: The mind-altering rock of 1970s Zambia|date=11 December 2015|work=Music in Africa|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708135232/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salt-thunder-mind-altering-rock-1970s-zambia|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=S |first1=Henning Goranson |last2=Press |first2=berg for Think Africa |last3=Network |first3=part of the Guardian Africa |date=22 July 2013 |title=Why Zamrock is back in play |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/zamrock-zambia-music-rerelease |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222003159/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/zamrock-zambia-music-rerelease |archive-date=22 December 2016 |access-date=25 May 2017 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Ebibinja ebimanyiddwa ennyo mu kika ky'ennyimba zino mulimu Rikki Ililonga ne bbandi ye Musi-O-Tunya, WITCH, Chrissy "Zebby" Tembo, ne Paul Ngozi ne bbandi ye Ngozi Family.<ref name="azambianband">{{cite web |title=We're a Zambian Band |url=http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/were-a-zambian-band |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903054502/http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/were-a-zambian-band |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014 |publisher=theappendix.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dusted Reviews: Witch - Lazy Bones!! |url=http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/5657 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035049/http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/5657 |archive-date=2017-09-14 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.dustedmagazine.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Ebyafaayo bya Zambia. * Amawanga ga Africa. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] <references /> [[Category:Amawanga agali wansi w'omukago gw'Amawanga amagatte]] [[Category:Amawanga agatasalagana n'assemayanja]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Omuzannyo gw'Ebikonde mu Uganda]] ngvyrdsdk2dyotz1um9yu5bc659ahk1 Obuwangwa 0 5932 78133 34930 2026-11-07T20:03:35Z Akandwanaho Micheal 10121 /* */ Empandiika entongole etereezeddwa 78133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Regions inhabited by Native peoples in the Americas.webp|thumb|'''Regions inhabited by Native people''']] Ekiwandiiko kino kikwata ku buwangwa nga bwe bukozesebwa mu mbeerabantu ez'enjawulo. Endabika y'omuntu yakulaakulanyizibwa abantu ab'edda okubaako enkyukakyuka n'enneeyisa ze baatuukako. Enzikiriza n'empunda y'ebintu bikulu nnyo mu buwangwa bw'abantu. Obuwangwa bw'eby'obufuzi n'enneeyisa z'abantu zaawukana okusinziira ku buwangwa bw'abantu obw'enjawulo. Enkulaakulana omuntu gy’atuuseeko gamba ng’okuwandiika biraga enkulaakulana mu buwangwa bw’abantu. Obuwangwa busobola okunnyonnyolwa mu ngeri nnyingi ez'enjawulo. Munnabuwangwa E.B.Tylor annyonnyola nti, "Obuwangwa buzingiramu amagezi, enzikiriza, empisa, amateeka, ennono n'ebiralala omuntu by’ayinza okuyigira mu kitundu mw’abeera". Enkuluze y'Olungereza eya "Cambridge" ennyonnyola Obuwangwa ng’embeera y'abantu ey'obulamu okusingira ddala ennono n'enzikiriza. Mu kwekenneenya eby'obuwangwa, Obuwangwa kye kinyusi ekizingiramu ebintu eby'enjawulo omuntu ssekinnoomu by’ayiza okuyigira mu mbeerabantu. Kye kigambo ekyawamu ekiyinza okukozesebwa okulaga obusobozi, obukugu, obubonero n'ekifaananyi ky’obuyiiya bw'omuntu. Obusobozi buno buzze n'enkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa y'abantu mu myaka nga 50,000 egiyise. Obuwangwa buyamba okusaasaanya emirimu emyekusifu, amagezi n'ebirowoozo eri abantu ababeera awamu. Ebintu ebimu nga ekikula ky'omuntu, eŋŋanda, olulimi, obufumbo n'ebintu ebyolesebwa ng’ennyimba, emikolo n'ensinza, enkyukakyuka ng’ennyambala, enzimba by'ebimu ku biraga obuwangwa obwa buli mbeera bantu. Obuwangwa bw'ebitundu busobola okwawulwamu nga tusinziira ku ddaala ly'obuyigirize "Obuwangwa obwa "waggulu" n'obatali bayigirize " Obuwangwa obwa "wansi". Mu ngeri y’emu, Obuwangwa bulabibwa nga ebintu ebikolebwa eggwanga erimu okwawukana Ku ddala mu bintu nga ennyambala, enzikiriza, emikolo n'ebirala. Kigambibwa nti Obuwangwa bwakozesebwanga abayivu okufuga abantu ba wansi. Mu ngeri endala Obuwangwa z’ennono, ebigobererwa n'ebintu eby'omuwendo eby'eggwanga oba ensi. Mu ngeri eno, omuyungiro gw'obuwangwa ly'ekkowe eryekenneenya omuwendo n'entegeeragana ey'awamu wakati w'obuwangwa obw'enjawulo. Mu biseera ebimu Obuwangwa kikozesebwa okutegeeza ebintu ebikolebwa ebibiina by’abantu mu ggwanga erimu. Mu buwangwa bw'abantu, obuwangwa busobola okwekenneeyezebwa n'okusengekebwa kubanga enneekenneenya yonna esinziira Ku bintu ebitwalibwa ng’eby'omuwendo mu buwangwa. ==Enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa== Mu kyasa kya 19, tulaba banna "Australia" nga bawakanya okujja kwa Captain James Cook mu 1770. Okuvumbula mu buwangwa kitegeeza enkyukakyuka yonna empya etwalibwa nga ey'omugaso era ne yeeyolekere Mu neeyisa y'abantu. Omuntu mu nsi yonna afuba okukyusa Obuwangwa ng’asinziira ku nkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna by'ensi yonna, ku mikutu gy'amawulire n'ebirala. Obutabanguko mu bantu n'enkyukakyuka empya bye bireeseewo enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa nga mu by'enfuna, embeera ezeekuusa ku bwebulungulule n'ebirala. Obuwangwa bukyukakyuka oluvannyuma lw'amawanga okwe tabulatabula ne gannaago; obuwangwa obw’enjawulo ne busisinkana. Obuwangwa busobola okukyukakyuka olw'okuseebengerera mu buwangwa bw’abantu abamu. Gamba ng’okukozesa ebintu by’obuwangwa obulala ne mulekawo ebyammwe. Enkyukakyuka Mu buwangwa endala yaggyawo olw'obufuzi bw'amatwale okukakaatika obuwangwa bwago ku bantu be baali bafuga. Enkyukakyuka eno si ya kyeyagalire.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture</ref> ==Okuvumbula ezasooka== Immanuel Kant (1724- 1804), yagunjawo ennyinnyonnyola ng’alaga emitendera omuntu gy’ayitamu okufuuka omuntu. Yategeeza nti omuntu okubeera nga yali tannakula kutuuka ku ddaala ly’aliko kyali tekitegeeza butamanya wabula yali tannaba bubeezi kwetongola. Omuwandiisi Omugirimaani omulala "Johnn Gottfied Herder (1744 - 1803) y’agamba nti obuyiiya bw'omuntu tebuteeberezekeka kuba obuyiiya bwe bweyolekera mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Mu 1795, Munnannimi "Wilhelm con Humboldt" (1768 - 1835), yateekawo enkola y'okusoma embeerabantu okwekenneenya ebigendererwa bya "Kant" ne "Herder". Ku mulembe Omurooma, abayivu mu Bugirimaani naddala abo bamwoyogwaggwanga mu nsi yonna, baalaba nga buli ggwanga lirina endaba yaalyo ey'enjawulo ku buwangwa mu nsi yonna newankubadde ng’enkola eno yali egatta buli ggwanga naye yalimu okusosola eri abo abakulaakulannye okusinga abalala. Mu 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826-1905), agamba nti wadde ng’Obuwangwa bwawukana naye ate waliwo ebintu ebimu ebifaanagana mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo. Enkola eno Franz Boas (1858-1942) gye yakuliramu bwe yali ng’akyali mu Bugirimaani nga tannagenda mu Amerika. Mu kyasa kye 19, abatontomi n'abawandiisi b'emboozi empanvu abangereza nga "Mathew Arnold" Baakozesa ekigambo eby'obuwangwa okutegeeza engeri omuntu ssekinoomu gy'ategeeramu n'okulowooza ku ebyo ebijja bibaawo mu nsi. Endowooza eno yageraagerannyizibwa ku y'Abagirimaani eya "Bildung". Waliwo abeekaliriza ebyobuwangwa ebeesowolayo okuwakanya endowooza ez’enjawulo ku by'obuwangwa. Okugeza Obuwangwa obwa waggulu n'obwa wansi obw'abayivu n'obutali bwa bayivu. Baawa ensonga nti abo abaali batwalibwa okuba n'obuwangwa obwa wansi be baali bagyiddwako obwetwaze bwabwe. Ensonga endala bagamba nti okwawulamu Obuwangwa obw'abayivu n'abatali bayivu kiraga okwawulamu wakati w'Abazungu abayivu n'abatali bayivu. Ebikwata ku buwangwa bw’abantu tebiggwa malojja. Naye kye tusaana okwetegereza kye kino nti obuwangwa bw’abantu buzze bukyukakyuka okusinziira ku mirembe nga bwe gizze gibaawo: ensangi zino abantu tebakyasobola kwewla kwetaba na mawanga malala. Oba nga twagala oba tetwagala, waliwo ebikyukakyuka mu buwangwa bwaffe nga tumanyi oba nga tumanyi. Wabula, waliwo amawanga ageefubako ne gatakkiriza ebyo bye batwala ng’ebyomuwendo era ebibaawulira ddala ku buwangwa obulala obutabavaako. Kinyuma nnyo omuntu okubeera ng’amanyi obuwangwa bwe era nga abusanyukira. 9aanjaizujlpbeyahli3h27mvhvjqqk 78134 78133 2026-11-07T20:07:58Z Akandwanaho Micheal 10121 /* Enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa */ I improved Orthography 78134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Regions inhabited by Native peoples in the Americas.webp|thumb|'''Regions inhabited by Native people''']] Ekiwandiiko kino kikwata ku buwangwa nga bwe bukozesebwa mu mbeerabantu ez'enjawulo. Endabika y'omuntu yakulaakulanyizibwa abantu ab'edda okubaako enkyukakyuka n'enneeyisa ze baatuukako. Enzikiriza n'empunda y'ebintu bikulu nnyo mu buwangwa bw'abantu. Obuwangwa bw'eby'obufuzi n'enneeyisa z'abantu zaawukana okusinziira ku buwangwa bw'abantu obw'enjawulo. Enkulaakulana omuntu gy’atuuseeko gamba ng’okuwandiika biraga enkulaakulana mu buwangwa bw’abantu. Obuwangwa busobola okunnyonnyolwa mu ngeri nnyingi ez'enjawulo. Munnabuwangwa E.B.Tylor annyonnyola nti, "Obuwangwa buzingiramu amagezi, enzikiriza, empisa, amateeka, ennono n'ebiralala omuntu by’ayinza okuyigira mu kitundu mw’abeera". Enkuluze y'Olungereza eya "Cambridge" ennyonnyola Obuwangwa ng’embeera y'abantu ey'obulamu okusingira ddala ennono n'enzikiriza. Mu kwekenneenya eby'obuwangwa, Obuwangwa kye kinyusi ekizingiramu ebintu eby'enjawulo omuntu ssekinnoomu by’ayiza okuyigira mu mbeerabantu. Kye kigambo ekyawamu ekiyinza okukozesebwa okulaga obusobozi, obukugu, obubonero n'ekifaananyi ky’obuyiiya bw'omuntu. Obusobozi buno buzze n'enkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa y'abantu mu myaka nga 50,000 egiyise. Obuwangwa buyamba okusaasaanya emirimu emyekusifu, amagezi n'ebirowoozo eri abantu ababeera awamu. Ebintu ebimu nga ekikula ky'omuntu, eŋŋanda, olulimi, obufumbo n'ebintu ebyolesebwa ng’ennyimba, emikolo n'ensinza, enkyukakyuka ng’ennyambala, enzimba by'ebimu ku biraga obuwangwa obwa buli mbeera bantu. Obuwangwa bw'ebitundu busobola okwawulwamu nga tusinziira ku ddaala ly'obuyigirize "Obuwangwa obwa "waggulu" n'obatali bayigirize " Obuwangwa obwa "wansi". Mu ngeri y’emu, Obuwangwa bulabibwa nga ebintu ebikolebwa eggwanga erimu okwawukana Ku ddala mu bintu nga ennyambala, enzikiriza, emikolo n'ebirala. Kigambibwa nti Obuwangwa bwakozesebwanga abayivu okufuga abantu ba wansi. Mu ngeri endala Obuwangwa z’ennono, ebigobererwa n'ebintu eby'omuwendo eby'eggwanga oba ensi. Mu ngeri eno, omuyungiro gw'obuwangwa ly'ekkowe eryekenneenya omuwendo n'entegeeragana ey'awamu wakati w'obuwangwa obw'enjawulo. Mu biseera ebimu Obuwangwa kikozesebwa okutegeeza ebintu ebikolebwa ebibiina by’abantu mu ggwanga erimu. Mu buwangwa bw'abantu, obuwangwa busobola okwekenneeyezebwa n'okusengekebwa kubanga enneekenneenya yonna esinziira Ku bintu ebitwalibwa ng’eby'omuwendo mu buwangwa. ==Enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa== Mu kyasa kya 19, tulaba bannansi mu Australia nga bawakanya okujja kwa Captain James Cook mu 1770. Okuvumbula mu buwangwa kitegeeza enkyukakyuka yonna empya etwalibwa nga ey'omugaso era ne yeeyolekera mu nneeyisa y'abantu. Omuntu mu nsi yonna afuba okukyusa obuwangwa ng’asinziira ku nkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna by'ensi yonna, ku mikutu gy'amawulire n'ebirala. Obutabanguko mu bantu n'enkyukakyuka empya bye bireeseewo enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa nga mu by'enfuna, embeera ezeekuusa ku bwebulungulule n'ebirala. Obuwangwa bukyukakyuka oluvannyuma lw'amawanga okwetabulatabula ne gannaago; obuwangwa obw’enjawulo ne busisinkana. Obuwangwa busobola okukyukakyuka olw'okuseebengerera mu buwangwa bw’abantu abamu. Gamba ng’okukozesa ebintu by’obuwangwa obulala ne mulekawo ebyammwe. Enkyukakyuka mu buwangwa endala yajjawo olw'obufuzi bw'amatwale okukakaatika obuwangwa bwago ku bantu be baali bafuga. Enkyukakyuka eno si ya kyeyagalire.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture</ref> ==Okuvumbula ezasooka== Immanuel Kant (1724- 1804), yagunjawo ennyinnyonnyola ng’alaga emitendera omuntu gy’ayitamu okufuuka omuntu. Yategeeza nti omuntu okubeera nga yali tannakula kutuuka ku ddaala ly’aliko kyali tekitegeeza butamanya wabula yali tannaba bubeezi kwetongola. Omuwandiisi Omugirimaani omulala "Johnn Gottfied Herder (1744 - 1803) y’agamba nti obuyiiya bw'omuntu tebuteeberezekeka kuba obuyiiya bwe bweyolekera mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Mu 1795, Munnannimi "Wilhelm con Humboldt" (1768 - 1835), yateekawo enkola y'okusoma embeerabantu okwekenneenya ebigendererwa bya "Kant" ne "Herder". Ku mulembe Omurooma, abayivu mu Bugirimaani naddala abo bamwoyogwaggwanga mu nsi yonna, baalaba nga buli ggwanga lirina endaba yaalyo ey'enjawulo ku buwangwa mu nsi yonna newankubadde ng’enkola eno yali egatta buli ggwanga naye yalimu okusosola eri abo abakulaakulannye okusinga abalala. Mu 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826-1905), agamba nti wadde ng’Obuwangwa bwawukana naye ate waliwo ebintu ebimu ebifaanagana mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo. Enkola eno Franz Boas (1858-1942) gye yakuliramu bwe yali ng’akyali mu Bugirimaani nga tannagenda mu Amerika. Mu kyasa kye 19, abatontomi n'abawandiisi b'emboozi empanvu abangereza nga "Mathew Arnold" Baakozesa ekigambo eby'obuwangwa okutegeeza engeri omuntu ssekinoomu gy'ategeeramu n'okulowooza ku ebyo ebijja bibaawo mu nsi. Endowooza eno yageraagerannyizibwa ku y'Abagirimaani eya "Bildung". Waliwo abeekaliriza ebyobuwangwa ebeesowolayo okuwakanya endowooza ez’enjawulo ku by'obuwangwa. Okugeza Obuwangwa obwa waggulu n'obwa wansi obw'abayivu n'obutali bwa bayivu. Baawa ensonga nti abo abaali batwalibwa okuba n'obuwangwa obwa wansi be baali bagyiddwako obwetwaze bwabwe. Ensonga endala bagamba nti okwawulamu Obuwangwa obw'abayivu n'abatali bayivu kiraga okwawulamu wakati w'Abazungu abayivu n'abatali bayivu. Ebikwata ku buwangwa bw’abantu tebiggwa malojja. Naye kye tusaana okwetegereza kye kino nti obuwangwa bw’abantu buzze bukyukakyuka okusinziira ku mirembe nga bwe gizze gibaawo: ensangi zino abantu tebakyasobola kwewla kwetaba na mawanga malala. Oba nga twagala oba tetwagala, waliwo ebikyukakyuka mu buwangwa bwaffe nga tumanyi oba nga tumanyi. Wabula, waliwo amawanga ageefubako ne gatakkiriza ebyo bye batwala ng’ebyomuwendo era ebibaawulira ddala ku buwangwa obulala obutabavaako. Kinyuma nnyo omuntu okubeera ng’amanyi obuwangwa bwe era nga abusanyukira. 2nxdpgqp9qjfaiky7sa3tb802tttmf7 Franc Kamugyisha 0 8131 78163 56182 2026-11-08T00:41:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Franc Kamugyisha''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1992) [[:en:Uganda|munnayuganda]] ow'abantu omwagazi w'obutonde n'[[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu by'obutonde]] era [[:en:Activism|omulwanirizi]] w'abwo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ubc.go.ug/2022/03/17/ugandan-innovator-franc-kamugyisha-scoops-commonwealth-young-person-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518035607/https://ubc.go.ug/2022/03/17/ugandan-innovator-franc-kamugyisha-scoops-commonwealth-young-person-of-the-year-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ye mutandisi era omukulu w'ekibiina kya EcoPlastile, kampuni esangibwa e [[:en:Namanve|Namanve]] ewa omugaso ku kasasiro, okuzimba n'enkulakula eri ebisoomooza mu nkwasaganya ya kasasiro.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220628090608/https://climatelaunchpad.org/finalists/ecoplastile-uganda/</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ug.undp.org/content/uganda/en/home/blog/2021/innovation-challenges-surfacing-sustainable-grassroots-solutions.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-25 |archive-date=2021-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202134214/https://www.ug.undp.org/content/uganda/en/home/blog/2021/innovation-challenges-surfacing-sustainable-grassroots-solutions.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Franc yazaalibwa era yakulira mu kibuga ky'e [[:en:Fort_Portal|Fort Portal]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda eri omwami munnabizinensi era omulimi Ephraim Byamugyisha era ne nnyina Paskazia Tushabomwe. Yasomera ku Nyabweya Primary School, mu Disitulikiti y'e Kabarole nga tannegatta ku Pere Ache SS mu Fort Portal, Fort Portal SS ne Kagongo SS mu Ibanda ku misomo gye egya ssekendule. Bweyava eyo, yegatta mu bupatiri ku kigo kya Montfort Missionaries wabula yavaayo oluvanyuma lw'omwezi okukolera ku Yunivasite ya [[:en:Ibanda_University|Ibanda University]]. == Emirimu == Franc yatandika okukola nga ali mu vaaka ya siniya ey'omukaaga. Yatwalibwa okusomesa essomo ly'okubala ne Fizikisi ku ssomero lya Pere Ache SS. Oluvanyuma lw'olusoma olwasooka, yasabibwa okukulembera essomero lya ssekendule n'ebasomesa abalala 15 mu Kyenjojo ku myaka 19. Naye Kamugyisha omulimu yaguvaako okwegatta ku Yunivasite ya Ibanda nga maneja wa pulojekiti z'okuzimba. Yakuzibwa okuddukanya ekisulu ky'abayizi mu kiseera ky'ekimu nga bw'asoma essomo lya bachelors of business administration in accounting. Oluvanyuma lw'omwaka, bamulinyisa nafuuka okuuma eby'obuggaga bya Yunivasite era nga ye kalabaalaba wa Pulojekiti z'okuzimba. Era yafuna Satifikeeti mu kuzimba eya National Certificate in Building and Construction n'aba UBTEB era natikkirwa ne Satifikeeti ez'obukugu mu kukwasaganya emirimu gya Gavumenti, bizinensi entono n'okuzikulakulanya okuva mu ssomero lya London School of International Business Studies. Mu 2017, Kamugyisha yalondebwa nga Maneja omujjuvu ow'obyokuzimba era mu 2019 yafuuka Dayilekita mu by'okuzimba, ekifo kyayalekulira. Akyali muyambi wa lekikyala mu Yunivasite y'e Ibanda.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://kikubolane.com/2022/03/17/ugandan-innovator-franc-kamugyisha-wins-2022-commonwealth-youth-award/</ref><ref>https://thetowerpost.com/tag/franc-kamugyisha/</ref><ref>https://www.oneyoungworld.com/news-item/weekly-roundup-ambassador-driving-relief-efforts-kiribati-more</ref><ref name=":1">https://seed.uno/enterprise-profiles/ecoplastile-waste2build-ltd</ref> == Okulondebwa kwe n'engule<ref name=":1"/> == * EcoPlastile yalondebwa ku kya [https://fundinnovation.dev/en/ Green Innovation Fund], ekya tegekebwa [https://www.gou.go.ug/ministry/ministry-gender-labour-and-social-development Minisitule y'ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulakulana mu Uganda]. * Yali emu kkumi ezatuuka ku kamalirizo mu kyali kituumiddwa [https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/earthtech-challenge-2020/ Earth Tech challenge] 2020 okuva mu ttiimu ezisoba mu 850 okwetoloola ensi yonna, era ow'okusatu mu Ggwanga lya Australia. * Omuwanguzi w'engule ya TEF Entrepreneur Awards eyategekebwa [[:en:The_Tony_Elumelu_Foundation|Tony Elumelu Foundation]] mu Ggwokusatu 2019.<ref>https://www.tonyelumelufoundation.org/news/meet-the-selected-tony-elumelu-entrepreneurs-for-2019</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'engule ya [https://seed.uno/enterprise-profiles/ecoplastile-waste2build-ltd Carbon SEED Awards]; enkola ey'amawanga amagatte eya [[:en:United_Nations_Environment_Programme|United Nations Environment Program]] ne UNDP, Ogwomwenda 2019, Munich Germany.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/> * Yaweebwa engule ya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220523013232/https://asa.engagement-global.de/autumn-school-for-sustainable-entrepreneurship.html autumn school for sustainable entrepreneurship fellowship] eyategekebwa aba Engagement Global mu Ggwekkuminogumu 2019, Accra, [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]. * Awarded the [https://www.yalieastafrica.org/ YALI EA] Fellowship November, 2019 and emerged with the most climate mitigation and adaption solution, Nairobi Kenya. * Omuwanguzi w'empaka za [https://climatelaunchpad.org/ Climate Launchpad] ez'ategekebwa aba KIC mu Uganda ne [https://www.energyincubator.org/ Renewable Energy Business Incubator (REBI)], ne mu mpaka za Africa Regional Finals mu Nairobi Kenya, Ogwekkuminogumu 10, 2019. * Yalondebwa mu mpaka z'akamalirizo ez'obutonde bw'ensi, mu Amsterdam ekya Netherlands, Ogwekkuminogumu 15, 2019.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220628090608/https://climatelaunchpad.org/finalists/ecoplastile-uganda/] * Yakirizibwa ng'omutandisi wa bizinesi omunyinyitivu ebyategekebwa aba ALTIS, Essomero ery'ebya Bizinensi, ne Yunivasite ya Sacred Heart University eya Milan ne Uganda Martyrs University mu 2018. * Omuwanguzi wa AfriTech, UK-Africa Virtual Accelerator 2019 mu Bizinensi za African mu Gwekkuminebiri 2019. * EcoPlastile yalondebwa aba UNDP Africa Regional Youth Seminar olw'obukugu mu bukulembeze mu kyaasa ekya 21, eby'enkulakulana, n'emirimu egyenjawulo mu kugaziya eby'enfuna n'ekulakulana mu by'obugagga eby'omuttaka mu Kampala, Ogwekkuminebiri 2019.[https://web.archive.org/web/20211202134214/https://www.ug.undp.org/content/uganda/en/home/blog/2021/innovation-challenges-surfacing-sustainable-grassroots-solutions.html]<ref name=":3" /> * Yalondebwa aba UNDP Accelerator Lab wansi w'ekibiina kya “Solutions for Rapid Deforestation and Degradation mu Uganda”, Ogwekkuminebiri 2019.[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3985827] * Yalondebwa okwetaba mu mpaka za XPOSURE Startup Track mu Istanbul Turkey, 2020. * EcoPlastile yawangula ekya Young Sustainable Impact (YSI) program19, Solutions for COVID-19 mu Norway olw'obukookolo obwakolebwa.[https://opportunitydesk.org/2021/08/17/young-sustainable-impact-momentum-program-2021/] * Yawangula ekya common wealth Young person ow'omwaka gwa 2022[https://web.archive.org/web/20220518035607/https://ubc.go.ug/2022/03/17/ugandan-innovator-franc-kamugyisha-scoops-commonwealth-young-person-of-the-year-award/] == Eby'obulamu bwe == Franc abeera Ntinda- Najeera mu Kampala, Uganda era asinga kunyumirwa okuwuga, okutambula n'emizannyo gw'omweso. == Ebijuliziddwamu ebye bweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220516121935/https://ecoplastile.com/team/ Franc Kamugyisha] == Ebijuliziddwa == ahpu2we8j85yscwtfasf52yz7sgfzsy Ada Ehi 0 8166 78138 78024 2026-11-07T23:40:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Ada Ogochukwu Ehi''' (yazaalibwa mu Gwomwenda 1987), amanyiddwa olw'erinnya lyakozesa ku sitaagi erya '''Ada Ehi''', [[:en:Nigerian|Omunigeria]] ono muyimbi wa nnyimba za ddiini era muwandiisi wa nnyimba.<ref name="Youtube">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWOJRwBGSOw&t=5s</ref> Yatandiika okuyimba nga alina emyaka 10 era yatandikira mu child star Tosin Jegede. Bweyatandiikira obukugu bw'okuyimba mu [[:en:Loveworld_Records|Loveworld Records]] mu 2009, ettutumu lye ne lye yongera mu nsi ye wamu n'amawanga ageebunayiira ng'ayita mu nnyimba ze wamu n'obutambi bwazo.<ref name="Premiumtimesng">Jayne Augoye (July 8, 2017).</ref><ref name="Onlinenigeria">Daniel Anazia (July 8, 2017).</ref> == Ebimukwatako == === Obuto bwe === Omukyala ono yazaalibwa omwami Victor n'omukyala Mabel Ndukauba, Ehi ne bannyina 3 abalala baakula bawuliriza ennyimba ez'eddiini. .Mutuuze mu [[:en:Imo_State|ssaza ly'e Imo]] mu [[Nigeria]].<ref name="gospelminds.com">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gospelminds.com/news/ada-ehi-biography-husband-career/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171336/https://gospelminds.com/news/ada-ehi-biography-husband-career/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku myaka 10 , yalondebwa okubeera omu ku bayimbi mu band y'abawala abato abayimbi mu Nigeria [[Tosin Jegede]]. Yatikkirwa mu [[Lagos State University]], (mu B.Sc Chemical & Polymer Engineering). Nga akyali mu yuniversite , yeenyigiranga mu kutendeereza mu Believers Loveworld Campus Fellowship.<ref name="Independent">Chinyere Abiaziem (July 17, 2017).</ref> Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku kwaya ya [[Christ Embassy]] era okuva olwo, abadde ayimbira ddala mu kwaya y'ekkanisa eno. Ehi yeegatta ku Loveworld Records mu 2009.<ref name="busytape.com">"Ada Ehi Biography & Net Worth".</ref> Yasisinkana , Moses Ehi, ku kkanisa ya Christ Embassy bweyali yeegezaamu mu nnyimba n'akyali ku yunivasite. Bano bagattibwa mu bufumbo obutukuvu mu 2008 era nga abafumbo bano balina abaana 2 .<ref>"Official Profile and Biography of Nigeria Gospel Musician Ada Ogochukwu Ehi".</ref><ref name="busytape.com2">{{cite web |last=Ada |first=Jack |date=September 14, 2024 |title=Ada Ehi Biography, Age & Net Worth 2024 |url=https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ada-ehi/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Np Media |archive-date=April 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421075027/https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ada-ehi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Okuyimba kwe === Okuva lwe yeegatta ku kwaya ya Christ Embassy , Ehi yeenyigidde butereevu mu minisitule y'ennyimba ku Christ Embassy, era ayimbye ku mikolo egy'enjawulo egy'ekkanisa eno mu ggwanga lye wamu n'ensi endala omuli Bungereza ,Amerika n'ensi za Afrika eziwera ..<ref name="Sunnewsonline">Uche Atuma (July 16, 2017).</ref> Alubaamu ye eyasooka eyitibwa ''Undenied'' yafuluma mu mwezi gw'ekkumi n'ogumu mu 2009. Yo alubaamu ya ''Lifted & So Fly'', yafuluma mu gw'ekkumi n'ogumu mu mwaka 2013.<ref name="OnlineNigeria">Francisca Kadiri (February 26, 2016).</ref><ref name="AllAfrica">ThisDay (August 29, 2009).</ref><ref name="Nigeriatribune">Francisca Kadiri (February 26, 2016).</ref><ref name="Selahafrik">{{cite web |author=Alex Amos |date=August 31, 2013 |title=UPCLOSE: "I ROAR IN TONGUES" – "I'M RICH" CROONER ADA EHI IS ON FIRE! TALKS SPIRITUALITY, UPCOMING ALBUM, LOVE, FASHION AND MORE |url=http://selahafrik.com/2013/08/upclose-i-roar-in-tongues-im-rich-crooner-ada-ehi-is-on-fire-talks-spirituality-upcoming-album-love-fashion-and-more/ |accessdate=July 10, 2017 |publisher=selahafrik}}</ref> Yafulumya alubaamu ye eyookusatu eyitibwa , ''Future Now'', mu gw'omwenda 16, 2017. Alubaamu eno yatwaala ekifo ekisooka ku iTunes mu Nigeria ku lunaku lwe lumu .<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/10/adas-new-album-future-itunes/amp/</ref> == Discography == === Studio albums === * ''Undenied'' (2009) * ''Lifted'' (2013) * ''So Fly'' (2013) * ''Future Now'' (2017) * ''Ada's EP Vol 1'' (2019) * ''Born Of God'' (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-18 |title=Ada Ehi – Born Of God Album |url=https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/ada-ehi-born-of-god-album/ |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=NaijaMusic |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218111646/https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/ada-ehi-born-of-god-album/ |archive-date=2020-12-18 |url-status=dead}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-01 |title=On 'Born of God,' Ada Ehi is resilient and grateful [Pulse Album Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ada-ehi-born-of-god-new-album/m8ecbgb |access-date=2021-01-06 |newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107184023/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ada-ehi-born-of-god-new-album/m8ecbgb |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Everything'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gikaru |first=Josephine |date=2024-10-01 |title=Ada Ehi Releases Consecrated EP |url=https://www.mdundoforartists.com/post/ada-ehi-releases-consecrated-ep |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=Mdundoforartists |language=en}}</ref> === Selected singlesDefinitely === {| class="wikitable sortable" !sn !Single !Year released |- |1 |Bobo Me |2012<ref name="Notjustok">{{cite web |date=August 12, 2015 |title=Ada – iTestify + Only You Jesus |url=http://notjustok.com/2015/08/12/ada-itestify-only-you-jesus/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804065034/http://notjustok.com/2015/08/12/ada-itestify-only-you-jesus/ |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |accessdate=July 10, 2017 |publisher=Notjustok}}</ref> |- |2 |Our God Reigns |2015 |- |3 |Only You Jesus |2016<ref name="Netnaija">{{cite web |date=November 10, 2024 |title=Ada Ehi – Yes Sir feat Mercy Chinwo Mp3 Download |url=https://www.naijawahala.ng/ada-ehi-yes-sir-ft-mercy-chinwo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216161950/https://www.naijawahala.ng/ada-ehi-yes-sir-ft-mercy-chinwo/ |archive-date=December 16, 2024 |accessdate=November 10, 2024 |website=Naija Wahala}}</ref> |- |4 |I Testify |2016 |- |5 |Cheta |2016 |- |6 |Jesus (You are Able) |2016 |- |7 |I Overcame |2017 |- |8 |Like This |April 2019 |- |9 |Settled |February 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-05 |title=Ada Ehi - Settled - Mp3 Download {{!}} Music |url=https://notjustok.com/gospelmusic/ada-ehi-settled/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220143339/https://notjustok.com/gospelmusic/ada-ehi-settled/ |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=2020-02-20 |website=NotJustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |10 |Fix My Eyes on You ft. Sinach |March 2020<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sellasmanna |first1=Media |date=September 18, 2024 |title=Ada Ehi Released New Album "Consecrated" |url=https://www.naijapickup.com/album/ada-ehi-consecrated-download/ |accessdate=September 18, 2024 |website=Ada Gh Worshipers |publisher=Worshippers GH |archive-date=December 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214140409/https://www.naijapickup.com/album/ada-ehi-consecrated-download/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |11 |Now |Dec 2020<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-12-04 |title=New Music: Ada Ehi – Now |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/12/ada-ehi-now/ |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |12 |Open Doors |September 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2021-09-22 |title=Lyric Video: Ada Ehi – Open Doors |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/09/ada-ehi-open-doors/ |access-date=2021-10-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |13 |Another Miracle ft.[[:en:Dena_Mwana|Dena Mwana]] |July 2023<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adebiyi |first=Adeayo |date=2023-07-28 |title=Award-winning gospel star Ada Ehi shares new single 'Another Miracle' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/award-winning-gospel-star-ada-ehi-shares-new-single-another-miracle/qkegdrh |access-date=2023-11-04 |newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |14 |Gallant |2023 |- |15 |I Testify (live)ft.[[:en:Dena_Mwana|Dena Mwana]] |2024 |- |16 |Definitely |2024 |- |17 |Yes sir ft.Mercy Chinwo |2024 |- |18 |Open Doors/On My Matter ft.Amb. Sis. Chinyere Udoma |2025 |- |19 |Otua ft[[:en:Frank_Edwards_(gospel_musician)|Frank Edwards]], [[:en:Limoblaze|Limoblaze]] |2025 |} Mu 2017, Ehi yasomebwa mu lukalala lwa ''[[YNaija]] nga omu ku bakkkiriza 100 abasinze okumanyika mu Nigeria .'' .<ref name="Ynaija">Tolu (May 1, 2017).</ref> Yanwangula engule mu [[Groove Awards]] mu 2017 nga omuyimbi w'omwaka mu bugwanjubwa bwa Afrika nga wano yali abbinkanye n'abayimbi abalala okuli [[Frank Edwards (gospel musician|Frank Edwards]], [[Sinach]], [[Joe Praize]] wamu n'abasumba .<ref name="edaily">"Groove Awards 2017 full list of winners".</ref> Mu 2019 "Only You" lwa londebwa ng'olumu ku nnyimba 20 ezasinga okulabibwa mu myaka 10 mu Nigeria.<ref>"Here are the top 20 most viewed Nigerian music videos of the decade"</ref> Nga 26 Ogw'omunaana 2021, yafuna [[YouTube Creator Awards|awaadiye eya youtube]] eyasooka olw'okuweza abagoberezi akakadde kamu ku mukutu guno .<ref name="YT">{{Cite news |title=Gospel singer Ada Ehi hits one million subscribers on YouTube |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/26/gospel-singer-ada-ehi-hits-one-million-subscribers-on-youtube/ |access-date=18 September 2021 |newspaper=[[P.M. News]] |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> == Laba ne bino == * [[List of Igbo people|Olukalala lwaba Igbo]] * [[List of Nigerian gospel musicians|Olukalala lw'abayimbi abayimba ez'eddiini mu Nigeria]] * [[List of Nigerian musicians|Olukalala lw'abayimbi abanigeria]] {{Reflist}} == External links == * https://web.archive.org/web/20221207114010/https://hazelguides.com/andy-hildebrand-net-worth/ * Omutimbagano omutongole * Ennyimba za Ada Ehi 317b1przwhr7tqiv7a441mnetef5ugx Okuyimba mu Uganda 0 8268 78187 75815 2026-11-08T01:39:56Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78187 wikitext text/x-wiki Uganda, ekwata kyakusatu mu nsi ezisinga okuyimba n'okusanyusa abantu mu Afrika yonna. Uganda erimu [[:en:Tribes|amawanga]] 65 agavaamu abantu aboogera ennimi ez'enjawulo,<ref>Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2016), The National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Main Report, Kampala, Uganda</ref> era muno mwe muva ennyimba eziyimbibwa abantu ba nnansangwa.<ref name="facemusicch">{{Cite web |title=Uganda the country and the people - text in English |url=http://www.face-music.ch/inform/poeple_uganda_en.html |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=www.face-music.ch}}</ref> [[Baganda|Abaganda]], ly'eggwanga erisinga okuvaamu abayimbi ab'amaanyi era ab'ettutumu mu Uganda, batunze nnyo obuwangwa bwabwe n'okubuutikira ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda mu byasa ebibiri (2) ebisembyeyo. [[File:Fred Masagazi.jpg|thumb|Fred Masagazi]] Ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasooka okututumuka nga kivaamu ne ssente mu Uganda kye kya [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] nga kyava mu nnyimba ya Baganda ey'eŋŋoma Eŋŋanda. Okuva mu myaka gya 1980 okutuuka mu gya 1990, [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] yabuutikirwa nnyo abayimbi nga Peterson Mutebi, Dan Mugula, Sebadduka Toffa, Fred Ssonko, Livingstone Kasozi, Fred Masagazi, Baligidde, Abuman Mukungu, Gerald Mukasa, Sauda Nakakaawa, Matia Luyima, Herman Basudde, ne Paulo Kafeero.<ref name="Kadongo Kamu Musicians">{{Cite web |last=+256752399999 |title=Download Ugandan Music 2020 {{!}} Top Ugandan Artists 2020, Ugandan Music Downloads 2020 {{!}} Free Ugandan MP3, Audio {{!}} Top Artists In Uganda {{!}} Watch Ugandan Movies Free {{!}} Ugandan Songs Mp3 {{!}} Ugandan Videos {{!}} Uganda Music Download Mp3 {{!}} DJ Erycom: Kadongo Kamu - DJErycom.com |url=https://www.djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180445/https://www.djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu |archive-date=2020-10-05 |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=djerycom.com |url-status=dead}}</ref> ne bakifuula ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasinga okucaaka mu Uganda. Ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako, omugenzi Philly Lutaaya yafulumya olutambi lwe olwa "Born In Africa' oluvannyuma olw'efuga amayengo g'empewo. Lutaaya yayongerako olutambi olulala lwe yatuuma "Merry Christmas" olwaliko ennyimba 8. Olutambi luno lukyali lwa ttutumu okutuusa leero era ennyimba za Philly Lutaaya teziva ku mimwa gya Bannayuganda abaagazi b'ennyimba. Ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990, ekika ky'ennyimba ekirala kyayingirawo nga kiyitibwa Afro ragga oba kye bayita Ek''idandali'' mu Luganda nga kireetebwa abantu okwali: Rasta Rob, Kid Fox, Ras Khan, Messe, Shanks Vivid, Menton Summer, Ragga Dee, [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]], [[Bobi Wine]] kw'ossa Steve Jean - ng'oluvannyuma ye yafuuka akola ennyimba z'abalala mu sityudiyo. Mu 1997, Emperor Orlandoh ne Menton Summer be baali ku mumwa gwa Bannayuganda abasinga obungi oluvannyuma lw'okufulumya oluyimba lwabwe lwe baatuuma "Sirikawo Baby" olwacaaka mu Uganda yonna. Mu 1998, Red Banton yajja n'oluyimba lwe olwa "Noonya Money". Yafuuka omuyimbi wa Uganda eyasooka okugenda e Bungereza ng'agendedde ku Visa ya muyimbi (Artist Visa). Olw'okwagala okutuuka ku mutindo ogw'ensi yonna n'enkyukakyuka yaayo, Uganda nga bwe kiri mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala ezze efuna enkyukakyuka mu ngeri gy'ekolamu ennyimba. Kino kivuddeko Bannayuganda bangi okuyimba ng'Abazungu mu bika nga [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall]] ne [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]]. DJ wa Uganda asinze okutambula mu bitundu by'ensi yonna eby'enjawulo era omu ku ba DJ abasinga nga ye DJ, Erycom era amanyiddwa nga Mutebi Erycom, ye Munnayuganda eyasooka okutondawo omukutu ku Youtube era y'omu ku Bannayuganda ababiri abaasooka okusaasaanya ennyimba za Uganda ku mitimbagano. DJ Erycom akozesezza okubeerawo kwa yintaneeti okutumbula okuyimba kwa Uganda n'abayimbi ba Uganda, era olw'ensonga eno, ennyimba za Uganda zituuse ku buli nsonda y'ensi yonna awatuuka emitimbagano. Abayimbi mu Uganda abawerako beegasse ku kibiina ekirwanirira eddembe lyabwe n'okukuuma ebiyiiye byabwe ekya [[:en:Uganda_Performing_Right_Society|Uganda Performing Rights Society]] ekitumbudde ennyo ennyimba zaabwe n'okubaganyula nga kikola omulimu gw'okukuuma obwannanyini bwe balina ku nnyimba zaabwe. == Ennyimba ez'obuwangwa obw'enjawulo okusinziira ku bitundu bya Uganda eby'enjawulo == Uganda eyawulwamu ebitundu bina (4) omuli; Amasekkati, Obukiikakkono, Obuvanjuba n'Obugwanjuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042316/https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |url-status=dead }}</ref> Buli kitundu kirina ennyimba ez'engeri ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku buwangwa obukirimu n'amawanga agasangibwayo. Ennyimba mu Uganda zisinga kwesigamizibwa nnyo ku mikolo egy'enjawulo era nga kino bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika agasinga obungi. Kino kitegeeza nti okuyimba okusinga obunene kulina emikolo egy'enjawulo kwe kugendera okugeza, obufumbo oba embaga, okwalula abaana, emikolo gy'abakulembeze ab'ennono, amakungula, ennyimba ez'omu ntalo n'endala nnyingi. Ennyimba zino zikubibwa n'okuyimbibwa abakugu abatendeke mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo ne mu bivuga mwe bayimbira ennyimba ezikwata ku buwangwa bwabwe n'amazina gaabwe ag'enjawulo. === Amasekkati === [[File:Mesach Ssemakula and Rema.jpg|thumb|Rema Namakula 4.jpg]]  Abaganda basangibwa mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu kitundu ky'Amasekkati ga Uganda; ly'eggwanga ly'abantu abasinga obungi mu Uganda.<ref name="afritorial">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128204858/http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Obwakabaka bukulemberwa omukulembeze w'ensikirano ayitibwa [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]]. Kabaka ye muyima w'ebyokuyimba mu Buganda. Ebimu ku bivuga Abaganda bye bakozesa mu kuyimba mulimu: eŋŋoma nga zikola ettundutundu dddene mu nnyimba z'Abaganda.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000113606</ref> Eŋŋoma z'Obwakabaka ze zimu ku ŋŋoma za Buganda ezikubwa mu nnyimba. E''ngalabi'' y'emu ku ŋŋoma ez'ettutumu nga y'esinga obuwanvu kyokka eddoboozi lyayo lifulumira mabega nga n'abamu kye bava bagiyita Omusekerannyuma.<ref name="face-musich">http://www.face-music.ch/instrum/uganda_drumen.html</ref> Eŋŋoma zikozesebwa omulundi gumu n'ebivuga ebirala omuli amadinda, endingidi, emirere, ''entongooli'', n'ebiralala bingi. Ennyimba zizannyibwa abantu bazizinireko mu ngeri [[:en:Call_and_response|ey'ayimba okusooka ate abamuwagira ne bamwanukula]] ng'enkola eyo eri nnyo mu mawanga ga ba Bantu<ref name="face-music">http://www.face-music.ch/catalog/tradmusicug_songsen06.html</ref> era ebaddewo okuva mu myaka gy'ekyasa ekya 19.<ref>https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00020186808707298</ref> Abaganda balina amazina ag'enjawulo agagenda n'enkuba z'ebivuga ezikyukana, muno mulimu aga ''baakisimba agasinga okuzinibwa.'' Mu malala mulimu aga ''nankasa'' n'''amaggunju''. Amaggunju mazina ga kitiibwa agaatandikira mu lubiri lwa Kabaka.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rMnkcZsv_eEC&q=music+in+Buganda&pg=PA128</ref>  Mu Bukiikokkono bwa Uganda mu kitundu kya Acholi waaliyo omuyimbi ow'amaanyi ng'ayitibwa Ojara Eddy we bwatuukira mu ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1980. === Mu Buvanjuba === Okusobola okukwawulira ekitundu ky'Obuvanjuba bwa Uganda ku bitundu ebirala. Kino kirimu amawanga ag'enjawulo omuli: Abagwere, Abasoga, Abanyoli, Abagisu, Abajapadhola, Abateeso, Abasabin, Abasamya era buli buwangwa bulina ennyimba yaabwo. Mu myaka gya 1990 amawanga gano gaakolanga ennyimba nga gakozesa bivuga byago byokka bye beekoleranga, okugeza Abagwere baalina ekivuga ekiyitibwa kongo, Abasoga nga balina amadinda ge bayita mbeire, ate Abajapadhola n'Abanyoli nga balina ekya fumbo, Abateeso nga balina adungu era ennyimba zaabwe zaayawukananga nnyo mu nvuga n'engeri gye baaziyiiyangamu. Mu kyasa ekya 20, mangi ku mawanga gano gaagenda gakyusa ennyimba yaago nga gakoppa ennyimba ey'ekizungu kyokka bakyayimbira mu nnimi zaabwe. Waliyo abayimbi bangi abamanyiddwa mu mawanga ago okugeza, Abagwere balina Waisana, Benenego, Rapper sky dee, Area b, Waikere, Bluzman n'abalala, . Abagisu balina San Sea, Ben, Nutty Neithan n'abalala, Abasoga balina Crazy mc, Racheal Magola, Maro, Yaled, General Megadi n'abalala. Amawanga gano agasinga galina abakulembeze b'ensikirano abayambyeko okutumbula eby'okuyimba byabwe. Omukulembeze w'Abagwere ayitibwa Ikumbania, owa Bugisu ye Omukuka, owa Busoga ayitibwa Kyabazinga, owa Teeso ye Emorimori n'abalala. === Obugwanjuba === Ekitone ky'okuyimba kizze kikula mu kitundu kino okuviira ddala ku bayimbi nga [[:en:Sister_Charity|Sister Charity]], Chance Kahindo ne Rasta Charz abaddirirwa [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]], Jolow, [[:en:Allan_Toniks|Allan Toniks]], Seyo, T Bro, Emily Kikazi, Muzz Joe, T Paul, Rachael T, Mat Henry, CJ Champion ne baddirirwa abalala omuli Penny Patra, Amani Amaniga, Carol Kay, Prettie Immaq n'abalala bangi abazze. Oluvannyuma lw'okucaaka kw'oluyimba lwa "Omusheshe" olwayimbibwa Ray G ne Spice Diana, Olunyankole lwayongera okutuuka mu bitundu ebirala ebya Uganda. Abayimbi abava mu Buganda nabo baayongera okukola ennyimba ne bannaabwe okuva e Bugwanjuba ne bayimba ennyimba nga "True man hood" olwa ba Allstars abaayimba ne T Bro, "Tikikushemerire" olwa Gen Geeon ne Jose Chameleon, "Yeele" olwa Geosteady ne Ray G, "Ninkukunda" olwa Ray G ne Voltage music, "Mbarara boy" olwa Mc Kacheche ne [[John Blaq]], "Elevate" olwa Rachael T ne Colifixe, "Sagala" olwa T Paul ne Cosign. Okukula kwa ba 'deejay' kwatandika n'abantu nga DJs Alberto 43, Dj Mats, DJ Sky,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://feezah.com/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Riddim Selecta, Starcent Dj, Jahlive, DJ Emma, DJ Bristol ne ba 'deejay' abali wansi w'ekibinja kya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220506234558/http://xldeejayz.com/ XL Deejayz] , Street Deejays, Massive effect Deejays, 43 Effect Deejays n'abalala bangi. Abatumbula ekisaawe ky'okuyimba. Mu bano mulimu abakolera ku mitimbagano n'abatagiriiko, omuli: [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah music uganda] Alpha Promotions, Bantu Hits,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206120057/https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20220710154241/https://ugandadjs.com/ Uganda Djs Online Radio] Karen Promotions, D3 Promotions, Lala Promotions, Patra Promotions, JKG Promotions, MOK Alozius Promotions n'abalala; Mu balala mulimu abantu ssekinnoomu okuli: Dely Derick, Mc Katala, Mr vybs live n'abalala bangi Leediyo ne Terefayina nazo zikoze omulimu gwa maanyi okusitula ebitone. okutandikibwawo kwa leediyo ez'ebitundu nga "Voice of Tooro" , Radio West, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220516042409/https://messiahradio.co.ug/ Messiah Radio ey'e Kasese], Voice of Kigezi, Endigyito, Voice of Kamwenge, [https://kaseseguideradio.com/ Kasese Guide Radio], Rwenzori FM, BFM, Hits FM, n'endala omuli Crooze FM, Boona FM, K Town Radio, Ngabu FM ne Street Deejays Radio (ey'oku mutimbagano) ziyambyeko nnyo ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okukula mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Emikutu gya TV gikuze mu ngeri ya kasoobo mu kitundu kino kyokka okujja kwa TV West, ne Bunyoro TV nakyo kiyambyeko. TV zino zombi zaafuuka ekifo awazannyirwa vidiyo z'ennyimba zaabwe abantu ne baziraba. Okuyita mu leediyo ne TV abantu abapya baacaaka omuli Mc Kacheche, Kunana MC, Lithan MC, Mr Jay n'abalala. Okukula kw'ebivvulu by'ennyimba naddala mu bbaala z'ebibuga nga Mbarara, Rukungiri, Kabale, Fort Portal, Ishaka, Kasese ne Kamwenge biwa omwagaanya abayimbi abato okufuna we bayimbira abantu ne babategeera. == Ennyimba ezicaase ennyo ne zikola ssente == Olw'embeera y'obutali butebenkevu eyali mu Uganda okuva emabega, tewaaliwo budde bumala kisaawe kya kuyimba kusajjakula okutuusa jjo lya balamu eggwanga lwe lyaddamu emirembe ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako. Mu kiseera ekyo [[:en:Philly_Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], ne [[:en:Elly_Wamala|Elly Wamala]] be boogerwako ng'abaavaayo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. [[Jimmy Katumba]] n'ekibiina kye ekya Ebonies nabo baamanyika nnyo mu biseera ebyo, ng'egya 1990 gitandika. Abayimbi nga, Carol Nakimera, Kezia Nambi, Fred Maiso, Kads Band, Rasta Rob, Menton Summer ba baaliko mu Uganda wakati wa 1990 ne 1997. Abalala nga, Livingstone Kasozi, Herman Basudde ne Paulo Kafeero nabo baakola kinene okusembeza ennyimba eri abantu n'okukola ebivvulu nga bayimbira ku siteegi. Okusinziira ku mutunzi w'ennyimba za Uganda nnakinku era amaze ebbanga mu bwa DJ, DJ Erycom, 1998 gwe mwaka ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda lwe kyasinga okufuna enkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu. Yeebaza abayimbi nga Red Banton eyaleeta akayimba ka Noonya Money akaabuna Uganda yonna. agamba nti Red Banton yali ku ntikko y'okuyimba mu Uganda okutuuka mu 2000 Jose Chameleone lwe yadda okuva e [[Kenya]] n'oluyimba lwa "Mama Mia" kyenkana olwafuuka oluyimba lw'eggwanga mu Uganda ne East Africa okutwaliza awamu. Mu myaka gya 1990 Uganda yatandika okulaga nga bwe yali enyumirwa [[:en:Dancehall|ennyimba z'e Jamaica]] abayimbi ab'enjawulo omwali Shanks Vivi Dee, Ragga Dee, n'abalala bwe bajja n'enkuba ey'ekijamaica nga beefaananyirizaako [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]]. Baayingiza wano ennyimba ez'ekika kya [[:en:Ragga|Ragga]] mu Uganda nga newankubadde baafuna okuvuganyizibwa n'ebika Ebifirika ebirala nga [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] okuva e Congo ne [[:en:Kwaito|Kwaito]] okuva e South Africa. Embeera eno ye yaliwo okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 21 abayimbi nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] bwe bajja ne bawamba. We bwatuukira mu 2007, waaliwo abayimbi abapya bangi abaali bazze nga bayimba ebika by'ennyimba eby'enjawulo olwo ng'ennyimba z'e [[Bulaaya]], ez'e Congo ne South Africa zaali tezikyavuga mu Uganda. Leero, abayimbi nga [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]] ne King Saha be bamu ku b'oyinza okwogerako, abalala nga Radio & Weasel aba [[:en:Goodlyfe_Crew|Goodlyfe Crew]], nabo baali ba maanyi nnyo nga Radio tannafa, nga baavuganyaako ne mu mpaka za za ssemazinga wa Afrika yonna eza [[:en:MTV_Africa_Music_Awards|MTV Base awards]] mu 2010 n'eza BET awards mu 2013. Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, [[:en:Eddy_Kenzo|Eddy Kenzo]] yawangula awaadi y'omuyimbi omupya asinga mu nsi yonna eya "Best new international artist" mu mpaka za [[:en:BET_Awards_2015|2015 BET music awards.]] === Kadongo Kamu === [[File:Tune In (28990737).jpeg|left|thumb|Guiter]] Ekigambo "Kadongo Kamu" kigambo kya [[Luganda]] ekitegeeza "endongo emu". Ennyimba ez'engeri eno zaaweebwa erinnya eryo olw'omulimu omukulu ogukolebwa jjita ey'eddoboozi eddene eya [[:en:Bass_guitar|bass guitar]], ng'olumu yokka gye bababakuba nga bayimba. Kirowoozebwa nti omuyimbi eyasooka okumanyika n'okucaaka ye [[:en:Fred_Masagazi|Fred Masagazi]] eyo mu myaka gya 1960.<ref name="voanews">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801121338/https://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omugenzi Elly Wamala naye yakola kinene mu kukyusa mu kadongo kamu n'amwongerako omutindo era ennyimba ze zaawulirwanga nga za njawulomu. Christopher Sebadduka yatutumusa nnyo kadongokamu nga y'ensonga alwaki bangi bamuyita Jjajja wa Kadongo kamu. Ennyimba za Wamala ez'imulembe zaamuleeera okufuna abawagizi bangi era y'omu ku baafuna omukisa okuyimba ku bijaguzo by'ameefuga ga Uganda mu 1962. Bano baagobererwa abayimbi abalala bangi.<ref name="voanews" /> [[:en:Herman_Basudde|Herman Basudde]] yali muyimbi wa kadongo kamu eyacaaka ennyo wakati w'emyaka gya 1980 ne 1990. Kino bwe kyali ne ku [[:en:Bernard_Kabanda|Bernard Kabanda]] ne Dan Mugula ono ye ng'akyaliwo. Fred Sebatta ne [[:en:Paulo_Kafeero|Paulo Kafeero]] baali ba maanyi nnyo mu myaka gya 1990. We butuukidde olwaleero nga Kadongokamu yakendeera amaanyi olw'ebika by'ennyimba ebirala ebivuganya ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna kyokka akyatwalibwa nga sitayiro y'ennyimba ey'ekitiibwa, erimu okuwuliriza obubaka, okubuulirira n'okusanyusa abakulembeze mu Buganda.<ref name="monitorco">[http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Down-the-memory-lane-with-Kadongo-kamu-greats/812796-1522878-kms8yc/index.html "Down the memory lane with Kadongo kamu greats". monitor.co.ug. Retrieved January 31, 2017]</ref> === Ennyimba 50 ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda okuvamu 1990 ===   Okusinziira ku DJ Erycom, luno lwe lukalala lw'ennyimba ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda. Born In Africa olwa Philly Lutaaya, Land of Anaka olwa Geoffrey Oryema, Bus Dunia olwa Herman Basudde, Sirikawo Baby olwa Menton Summer ne Emperor Orlando, Wipolo olwa Pastor George Okudi, Noonya Money olwa Red Banton, Mama Mia olwa Jose Chameleone, Mbawe olwa Ragga Dee, Tindatine olwa Lady Mariam, Kapapaala olwa David Lutalo, Bamidomo, Midomo olwa Da Twinz, Mu Ggulu Teriyo Mwenge olwa Menton Kronno & Gen Mega Dee, Mic Ya Ziggy Dee, Badda lwa Bobi Wine, Jamila olwa Jose Chameleone, Ani Akumanyi olwa Grace & Gatimo, Swimming Pool olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Angela olwa Sizza Man, Dippo Nazigala olwa Paulo Kafeero, Nakudata olwa Radio & Weasel, Ekinaigeria olwa Harriet Kisaakye, Siggwe Ansimira olwa Mesach Semakula, Mwana Muwala Nga Walaba olwa Mega Dee, Stamina olwa Eddy Kenzo, Wendi olwa Bobi Wine, Kasepiki olwa Bebe Cool, Nabikoowa olwa Juliana Kanyomozi, Mbakwekule olwa Sheebah, Ndigida olwa Ragga Dee, Champion olwa AK47, Maria Roza olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ginkeese olwa Qute Kaye, Oli Wange olwa Rema, Tuli Kubunkenke olwa Ronald Mayinja, Mazongoto olwa Dr Hilderman, Bread & Butter olwa Radio & Weasel, Jangu olwa Obsessions, Nakatudde olwa Madox Semanda Ssematimba, Maama Brenda olwa Sweet Kid, Neera Neera olwa Mowzey Radio, Omusono Gwa Mungu olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Obangaina olwa Racheal Magoola, Juicy olwa Radio & Weasel, Manzi Wa Nani olwa Clever J, Sikulimba olwa Afrigo Band, Nkuumira Omukwano olwa Aziz Azion, Omusheshe olwa Chance Nalubega, Bbaala olwa Daxx Kartel, Ekimbeewo olwa Halimah Namakula, Basiima Ogenze olwa Jose Chameleone, Ddole Y'omwana olwa Fred Sebatta, Sweet Wange olwa Phoebe Nassolo, Kyarenga olwa Bobi Wine, Beera Nange olwa Judith Babirye, Kani olwa Pastor Wilson Bugembe, Amaaso olwa Pallaso, Radio & Weasel, Walumbe Remix olwa Gravity Omutujju, Muliranwa olwa King Saha, Sitya Loss olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ngenda Kusiba Farm olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Badilisha olwa Jose Chameleone, Bogolako olwa Bebe Cool, Maama Mbire olwa Bobi Wine & Juliana ne Mbiro Mbiro olwa Eddy Kenzo. === Kidandali ===   Ennyimba ez<nowiki>'ekika ky'Ekidandali ze zisinze okuwamba mu Uganda ensangi zino. Kyokka erinnya "kidandali" terikkaanyizibwako buli omu ng'abamu bagamba nti ennyimba ez'ekika kino zandibadde ziyitibwa ''ennyimba za bbandi''</nowiki>, ate abalala bateesanti ekika kino kiyitibwe [[:en:Afrobeat|Afrobeat]]. Ennyiba ez'engeri eno ensibuko yaazo yava mu bbandi ezaasookawo mu Uganda nga yaakafuna obwetwaze mu 1962. Bbandi ya Cranes Band, oluvannyuma eyasattulukuka n'evaamu eya [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], eyogerwako nga bbandi eyasooka okuvaamu ennyimba ez'engeri eno. Mu kusooka ennyimba zaabwe zaali zaagala okufaanaganamu ez'ekika kya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] n'ez'abayimbi b'e congo nga Franco ezaaliko mu budde obwo. Baakubanga nnyo n'ebivuga ebikola ennyimba za [[:en:Jazz|Jazz]]. Ebiseera bwe byagenda bitambula, waabalukawo bbandi endala nga Rwenzori Band, Big Five Band ne Simba Ngoma Band. Naye Afrigo Band ye yasinga okumanyika n'okubuutikira endala naddala mu kiseera ky'obutabanguko n'obutali butebenkevu obwaliwo mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu gya 1990. We bwatuukira mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990, Afrigo Band yali ekyayimba ennyimba eziva mu kika kya Soukous music, eyali ow'ettutumu ennyo mu Afrika yonna. Abayimbi nga Joanita Kawalya ne Rachael Magoola baali kitundu ku Afrigo Band era be baatandikirwako ekika ky'ennyimba kati eziyitibwa Kidandali, kw'ossa bbandi endala nga Kaads Band. Kyokka enkyukakyuka ssinziggu yaggyawo bwe waatondebwawo ekibiina ekiralala ekyatuumibwa Eagles Production ekyaleeta abayimbi nga Mesach Semakula, Geoffrey Lutaaya, Ronald Mayinja , Haruna Mubiru n'abalala bangi. Bano baatwala ekya Afrigo Band ne bakyongeramu ebirungo wamma ne gujabagira. Mu myaka gya 2000, enika ky'ennyimba kino kyasinga kumanyika ku bbandi ya Eagles Production. Bano baayongera okusitula ebitone ebipya omwali: Roy Kapale, Maureen Nantume, Phionah Mukasa, Mariam Mulinde, Queen Florence, omugenzi Harriet Kisaakye Cathy Kusasira, Irene Namatovu ne [[:en:Stecia_Mayanja|Stecia Mayanja]]. Ate entaanya endala yaliwo mu 2008 omuyimbi [[:en:David_Lutalo|David Lutalo]] lwe yajja n'akayimba ka Kapapaala n'ateekawo essuula empya okuva ku nnyimba za bbandi ezaali zimanyiddwa omwali Eagles Production, Diamond Production, Kads Band, Backeys Band, Kats Production, The Hommies n'endala nnyingi. Mu 2003, Uganda yafunda omuyimbi omupya eyawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba, Abdu Mulaasi. Ono eyajja n'oluyimbba lwe olwabuna eggwanga lyonna olwa "Omusono Gwa Mungu", Abdu Mulaasi yayogerwangako kyenkana mu buli nju n'atwalibwa okuba omu ku bayimbi ab'amaanyi mu Uganda. Abdu Mulaasi yeeyongera okufulumya ennyimba ezaacaaka nga: Swimming Pool, Njagal Ebbere, Ekyaapa, Obuffumbo Bwa Liizi, Ngenda Kusiba Farm ne Omuchaina. Enkulu Tenywa lwe lumu ku nnyimba ezaasinga okukwatayo era ne lumu kuumira ku ntikko. We bwatuukira mu 2010, Abdu Mulaasi yali akyusizza enkuba ya KadongoKamu ng'afuuse Kadongo kamu omulongooseemu oba abamu gwe bayita Urban Kadongo Kamu. DJ Erycom, y'omu ku ba DJ abaasooka abaasooka okuzannya, okubunyisa n'okutumbula ennyimba za Kadongokamu mu bbaala, ne mu bifo ebirala ebisanyukirwamu mu Uganda n'ebweru. Mu kiseera ekyo tekinologiya ow'entambi yali ayongedde okukula ng'ennyimba zikolebwa byuma ebiri mu kompyuta si si bino bye bakubirawo nga kino kyali kyatuuka dda ne mu nnyimba eza bbandi.Situdio ezikola ennyimba ezaaliko mu kiseera ekyo kuliko: Kann, Dream Studios, Mozart n'eya Paddyman. Abayimbi abalala bangi bazze bayimba ennyimba z'ekidandali omuli Dr Tee, Martin Angume ne [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] yennyini. Abayimbi b'ennyimba zino abapya mulimu [[:en:Papa_Cidy|Papa Cidy]], ne Chris Evans ng'ono oluusi ayimbirako n'ez'ekika kya Dancehall era muyimbi mututumufu mu Uganda. === Ennyimba za Dancehall === Ennyimba za Dancehall mu Uganda zaagala okwefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall w'e Jamaica]]. Y'emu ku kika ky'ennyimba ekirina ekifo eky'oku mwanjo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda. Ebirala byonna bifaanagana n'eby'Abajamaica ekyawukana kyokka lwe lulimi nga Bannayuganda bayimba nnyi mu nnimi zaabwe ennansi. Newankubadde bayimba mu nnimi zaabwe, okugeza [[Luganda]], era waliwo obugambo bwe bakoppa mu Lujamaica nga bagoberera [[:en:Patois|engeri gye baatulamu Olujamaica]]. Kinajjukirwa nti ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990 ne mu makkati gaagyo, ennyimba z'ebweru ezaasinga okunyumira Bannayuganda z'ezo ez'e Jamaica ezaayitibwanga [[:en:Raggamuffin_music|Raggamuffin music]] mu biseera eby. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]] ne [[:en:Buju_Banton|Buju Banton]] baafuuka ekyokulabirako eri abayimbi b'e Uganda nga Shanks Vivi D, [[:en:Ragga_Dee|Ragga Dee]], Menton Sama ne Rasta Rob. Ekidongo abayibi b'e Uganda kye baasinga okuyiiyizaamu ennyimba ky'eky'oluyimba lwa[[:en:Reggaeton#Dem_Bow|Dem Bow]] olwayimbibwa Shabba Ranks oluvannyuma ne kiddirirwa ekidongo kya [[:en:Reggaeton|Reggaeton]]. Ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako abayimbi abapya baasituka mu Uganda omwali Mega Dee ne Emperor Orlando nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino.<ref name="newvisioon">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1330970/dancehall-influence-ugandan-music</ref> Ekyasa ekya 20 we kyaggweerako, ng'ennyimba za dancehall oba ezitera okuyitibwa ragga zaali zisaasaanye ne mu nkuba endala. Abayimbi abapya nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]], [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[Bobi Wine]] baayingirawo era ne bawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino. Kyokka tebalina nnyo kye baayongera ku kika kya nnyimba eno naddala mu kwongera ku mutindo gw'envuga oba okwongeramu ebivuga ebirala wabula baasigala ku nvuga ey'ekidongo kya Dem Bow kwe baazimbiranga ennyimba zaabwe. Kyokka ebiseera bwe byeyongera omutindo gwagenda gukyukamu era Chameleone ye yasooka okuba omuyimbi wa dancehall eyagattamu envuga endala omuli eya Soukous ne [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]]. We bwatuukira mu 2006, abayimbi bangi baali bakoze ekintu kye kimu.<ref name="musicinafricaa">http://musicinafrica.net/reggae-uganda?language=en</ref> Mu kiseera kino enkuba y'Ekijamaica yali ekyuseemu okuva ku nkadde eya "ragga" nga wazzeewo emypa eyaleetebwa [[:en:Deejays|ba DJ]] ba dancehall omwali [[:en:Vybz_Kartel|Vybz Kartel]] ne [[:en:Busy_Signal|Busy Signal.]] Abayimbi nga Dr Hilderman bajja n'ennyimba empya nga Double bed Mazongoto ne zivuga okumala ebbanga. Kyokka oluvannyuma Uganda yafuna abayimbi omujiji omupya nga Rabadaba, Sizza Man ne Fidempa abaakola ennyimba za dancehall omulongooseemu. Abayimbi ba Uganda aba dancehall bangi bamufunyeemu era kati bagagga abali mu bulamu obw'okwejalabya.<ref name="theguardian">https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/oct/30/the-playlist-reggae-dancehall-and-soca-from-kingston-to-kampala</ref> === Ennyimba za Hip Hop ne R&B === Ennyimba za Hip Hop mu Uganda zeefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]] w'omu Amerika abamu ze bayita ez'okutontoma. Olw'okukula kwa tekinologiya, ne Bannayuganda ennyimba za Hip Hop ze bakola nnengooseemu nga teziri wala nnyo n'ezikolebwa mu Amerika. Enjawulo ennene eriwo eri nti mu Uganda, nga bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala, okusinga abayimbi bayimba mu nnimi nnansi/nzaaliranwa. Okusingira ddala bayimba mu [[Luganda]] ng'ab'ennyimba zino baafunayo n'ekigambo ekiralala ekya "Lugaflow" kye bakozesa okutegeeza ennyimba eno efaananako ey'okutontoma mu Uganda.<ref name="editioncnn">http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/18/africa/ugandadn-hip-hop/</ref> Ennyimba eya Hip hop y'emu ku zikyali empya mu Uganda nga yatandika n'ebibinja by'abayimbi bibiri (2) omuli ekya [[:en:Klear_Kut|Klear Kut]] ne Bataka Squad ebyatandika eyo ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1990 naye nga mu kiseera ekyo Bannayuganda baali tebannazitegeera. Mu bayimbi abalala abajja nga bayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kino mulimu [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio (rapper)]], Babaluku, Sylvester ne Abramz ,'abalala bangi.<ref name="kellogg">https://web.archive.org/web/20160724010258/http://kellogg.nd.edu/students/etw/experience_killen.shtml</ref> Abayimbi abalala beeyalula okuva mu 2005 omwali Rocky Giant ne GNL Zamba eyajja 2008 ennyimba za Hip Hop ne zisensera Bannayuganda. Abayimbi abalala bajja nga bagoberera GNL omuli Jay-P, keko, Gravity Omutujju, Victor Kamenyo, Felister de Superstar, Fresh Kid, MunG n'abalala bangi ababunyizza ennyimba eno mu Bannayuganda ne batuuka ne ku mikutu egy'amaanyi nga [[:en:MTV|MTV]].<ref name="newvision.co.ug">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419328/status-quo-ugandan-hip-hop-industry</ref> Nga bwe kiri ku Hip Hop, ennyimba za R&B mu Uganda nazo zigoberera ezo eza [[:en:R&B|R&B]] okuva mu Amerika. Zino tezirina nnyo byafaayo mu Uganda kyokka nga zaasooka kuyimbibwa Steve Jean mu Uganda ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako. Yaddirirwa Michael Ross eyajja mu 2002 n'ennyimba nga How Do You Love ne Sinorita. Kyokka mu 2008, abayimbi bangi beeyongera okuyimba R&B omwali Myco Chris ne Baby Joe abawangaalira mu mawanga g'ebweru. Mu balala mulimu aba Blu3, ne [[:en:Aziz_Azion|Aziz Azion]]. Baagobererwa abalala nga [[:en:Nick_Nola|Nick Nola]], Richy, Pallaso, Woodz ne Yoyo abaayongera ennyimba eno mu maaso.<ref name="newvision.co.ug" /> === Ennyimba z'eddiini/ez'okusinza n'okutendereza Katonda === [[:en:Gospel_music|Ennyimba z'okusinza n'okutendereza]] mu Uganda zaatandika na kkwaya za mu makanisa ne Eklezia kw'ossa bbandi ez'enjawulo. Zino zaali nnyo mu b'enzikiriza y'Ekirokole /[[:en:Balokole|Abalokole]]. Abayimbi nga Fiona Mukasa eyajja mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990 y'omu ku baasooka okukuba ennyimba z'eddiini okuzifulumya amasinzizo ne zituuka ku bantu bonna. Ennyimba zino zaalimu nnyo enkuba ey'ennyimba z'e Congo eya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] eyaliko mu budde obwo. Waaliwo n'ekibinja kya Limit X ekyacaaka ennyo mu budde obwo.<ref name="nsoul">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042303/http://nsoul.com/artists/limits "Limit X Biography". nsoul.com. Retrieved 4 July 2015]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Oluvannyuma ennyimba za 'Gospel' zaakyukamu oluvannyuma lw'okujja kw'ebibinja nga Sauti,<ref name="newvisionn">https://web.archive.org/web/20200919024306/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/507/462860</ref> n'eya First Love. Abalala nga George Okudi ne Father Musaala baakuba ennyimba ezaakwatayo. Kyokka ennyimba za Gospel, zaatandika okwegazaanya mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda, [[:en:Judith_Babirye|Judith Babirye]] bwe yayingirawo mu 2007. Babirye, eyayimbanga mu ngeri y'emu n'eya Mukasa, kyokka ye yafulumyanga ennyimba ez'okumukumu ate nga zonna zikwatayo omwali ne "Beera Nange".<ref name="About">http://allafrica.com/stories/201407211632.html</ref> Omulala eyadda ku Babirye ye [[:en:Wilson_Bugembe|Wilson Bugembe]] nga naye ennyimba ze zaasiimibwa abantu n'ayatiikirira. Bono bazze beegattibwako abayimbi abalala nga [[:en:Levixone|Levixone]] eyayimba olwa "mbeera" ne Grace Morgan olwali olwamaanyi mu 2021. == Ennyimba za Classical == Ennyimba ez'engeri eno ntono nnyo mu Uganda,era abazitegeera okusinga bali mu kibuga ekikulu Kampala. Amatendekero g'ebyennyimba mu Kampala kuliko: [https://web.archive.org/web/20250708204840/https://www.kampalamusicschool.com/ Kampala Music School], [https://web.archive.org/web/20251007174413/https://www.musicinafrica.net/taxonomy/term/6794 MusiConnexions Uganda] and [https://esom-music.com/ Esom Music School]. Newankubadde amatendekero gano tegaliimu bivuga byonna ebyetaagisa olwa ssente entono, gatendeka abantu mu by'okuyimba ebisookerwako. Waliko okuyimba okw'Ekizungu okwayigirizibwa Bannayuganda Abaminsane we bajjira mu Uganda. Kino tekitegeeza nti nga tebajjaggya tewaaliwo kuyimba naye balina bye baayongereza ku ebyo bye baasangawo.<ref>Music in Africa Magazine, by Benon Kigozi</ref> Era ennyimba za [[:en:Classical_music|Classical music]] zigenda zikula mpolampola. == Embeera y'ekisaawe ky'okuyimba == [[:en:Music_industry|Okuyimba mu Uganda]] kye kimu ku bisaawe ebisinga okuba eby'omugaso mu mbeera z'abantu eza bulijjo n'okukyusa ebyenfuna by'abo abakwetabamu. Abayimbi be basinga okubeera [[:en:Celebrities|bassereebu]] mu Uganda, era n'ebyo ebifulumira mu mawulire nga bikwata ku byamasanyu bisinga kubeera ku nnyimba ne ku bayimbi. Ebikwata ku bayimbi bigobererwa nnyo abaamawulire era bikola nnyo amawulire mu Uganda. [[:en:Concerts|Ebivvulu by'ennyimba]] oba okutongoa entambi z'ennyimba kye kimu ku biwagirwa ennyo Bannayuganda. Kkampuni nnyingi ziteeka ssente mu bivvulu bino okubitegeka n'okubiranga ku leediyo ne TV. Abayimbi bakola nnyo ebivvulu kubanga batono ku bo abatunda antambi/ennyimba zaabwe ne zivaamu ssente, nga basigalira ku kya kutegeka bivvulu ne bavunamu ku ssente ze basolooza okubiyingira. Tewaliiwo [[:en:Record_labels|kkampuni zikola nnyimba entongole]] era ezitera okuyitibwa kkampuni ezikola ennyimba zibeera zikulembera bayimbi kye kyokka. Eno y'ensonga lwaki abayimbi basanga obuzibu mu kufuna ssente mu nnyimba zaabwe n'okukaluubirizibwa okukola ennyimba eziri ku mutindo. Wabaddewo ne kaweefube w'okutereeza ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okuyita mu bitongole nga ekya Uganda Performing Rights Society (UPRS), Bryan Morel Publications n'ekya Uganda Musicians Association ekizze kitegeka awaadi z'abayimbi ez'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Africa_Awards_for_Entrepreneurship|AFRIMA Awards]], [[:en:Pearl_of_Africa_Music_Awards|PAM Awards]] ne HiPipo Music Awards. Okufuba kw'ebibiina bino okuyambako abayimbi okufuna mu nnyimba zaabwe nga basitula etteeka ly'obwannannyini ku biyiiye omuli n'ennyimba erya [[:en:Copyright_law|copyright law]] kuzze kugwa butaka. Kino kikyali kimu ku bizibu abayimbi bye basanga mu nsi yonna. == Okutunda n'okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda == Okusinziira ku muwandiisi Jones, A.M (1954),ennyimba ennansi ekyali ya maanyi mu bantu ba bulijjo naddala mu byalo era agamba nti Uganda erina ebivuga ebitasangikasangika ebizze bikozesebwa ne mu nnyimba ezikolebwa ennaku zino. Kampuni ennene ezitwala abayimbi n'okubakolera ennyimba omuli eya [[:en:Blackmarket_Records|Black Market Records]] n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna omuli n'ekya [https://www.singingwells.org/ Singing Wells] ne [http://selam.se/eng/about-us Selam] okuva e UK nazo ziyambyeko okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda. Mu ntandikwa zaalina ekigendererwa ky'okutumbula ennyimba za hip-hop mu Uganda ne zizzaako okutendeka abakola ennyimba n'okusomesa ku tteeka lya copyright Law) okuyita mu buyambi obuva mu kitongole kya Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Bano bagenderera n'okutumbula ebika by'ennyimba omuli Larakaraka okuva e Gulu, Bukusu nga kino ekika kiyimbibwa Mbale kw'ossa Kandongo Kamu nga bizze bigattibwamu enkuba ya reggae ne ragga.<ref>https://doi.org/10.21504%2Famj.v1i1.228</ref> Abayimbi ba Uganda okusinga bakozesezza leediyo ne TV okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe. Bangi bategese ebivvulu ate abalala bayimba ku mikolo ng'okwanjula, embaga n'obubaga obulala. Abalala bakozesa emikutu gya yintaneeti omuli n'egya Social Media okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe era bafunyeemu ssente. Kyokka abayimbi bangi mu Uganda tebannatandika kukozesa bulungi mikitu gino okugiganyulwamu ng'abagikozesa baasinga kuzuukukira mu kiseera kya ky'omuggalo gwa Covid-19. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Desire_Luzinda|Desire Luzinda]], [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426012212/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]], [[Bobi Wine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202455/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Gabriel_K|Gabriel K]],<ref>https://bigeye.ug/gabriel-k-in-concert/</ref> [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]] n'abategesi b'ebivvulu nga Bryan Morel Publications, Promoter Musa<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm11777770/bio</ref> Ivan Jay [[:en:Music_promoter|Music Promoter]]<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Bulamu+Rd,+Kasangati/@0.3796251,32.5876834,11z/data=!4m7!4m6!1m1!4e2!1m2!1m1!1s0x177db16786a4e2d7:0x87568ea2423514a2!3e0</ref> ne Fezah baakyusa entegeka y'ebivvulu nga baakolako n'ebyoku mutimbagano (online concerts) oluvannyuma ebyasaasaaniranga ku mikutu gya TV.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1519157/online-normal-post-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1518193/ugandan-artistes-resort-online-afloat</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Baganda_music|Baganda music]] * [[:en:Bigwala|Bigwala]] * [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] * [[:en:Kidandali|Kidandali]] * [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah Music Uganda - Buy, Download & Listen to Ugandan music worldwide.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221106124925/https://www.kampalafm.com/ List of Top Ugandan Songs.] - Official Ugandan Music Website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005144850/https://www.djerycom.com/music Download Ugandan Music – ERYCOM] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005155556/https://www.djerycom.com/profiles Full List Of Top Ugandan Artists] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005144850/https://www.djerycom.com/music Most Recently Added Ugandan Music] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005xlb4 BBC: Information about Buganda royal court music.] * [http://www.howwe.biz Howwe] * [http://www.hipipo.com HiPipo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118091642/http://musicuganda.com/ Music Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515124508/http://www.uprs.biz/ Uganda Publishing Rights Society] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Peter-Cooke-Uganda Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Peter Cooke] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Wachsmann Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Klaus Wachsmann] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Ken-Gourlay-Uganda Field recordings made in by ethnomusicologist, Kenneth Gourlay] [[Category:Buganda]] sw2k10k05kytwps3k1nqhhbdxhmw55u Beenie Gunter 0 8442 78148 73265 2026-11-08T00:00:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 7 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}}'''Baguma Crescent''', gwebasinga okumannya nga '''Beenie Gunter''', munnayuganda akuba ennyimba ekika kya 'reggae dancehall', ng'asinga kumanyikwa olw'oluyimba lwe olwasinga okukwata abantu omubabiro lwebayita ''Pon Mi'' ne ''Olina Work'', ekukolagana ne [[Topistar Di Congo]], omusuubuzi Omukongo, omutunzi w’emisono gy’engoye era omuyambi w’abantu mu 2025.Omuyimbi Omunayigeria [[Skales]]. Yafulumya olutambi lwe okuva mu situdiyo olwaliko ennyimba 25 olwa ''[[No Fear]]'' mu 2019 nga kuliko abayimbi nga Skales ne [[Lydia Jazmine]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ruby|first1=Josh|title=Beenie Gunter finally releases 25-track ‘No Fear’ album|url=https://mbu.ug/2019/08/26/beenie-gunter-finally-releases-25-track-no-fear-album/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Mbu|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173656/https://mbu.ug/2019/08/26/beenie-gunter-finally-releases-25-track-no-fear-album/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kasoba|first1=William|title=PHOTOS: Beenie Gunter releases 25-track 'No Fear' album featuring Skales, Big Trill and others|url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/08/27/photos-beenie-gunter-releases-25-track-no-fear-album-featuring-skales-bigtril-a-pass-and-others/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Matooke Republic|publisher=Entertainment|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173654/https://matookerepublic.com/2019/08/27/photos-beenie-gunter-releases-25-track-no-fear-album-featuring-skales-bigtril-a-pass-and-others/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Topistar Di Congo]] * [[Lydia Jazmine]] * ''[[No Fear]]'' * [[ekivvulu kya Nyege Nyege]] * [[A Pass]] * [[Sheebah Karungi]] * [[Skales]] == Emirimu gye == Gunter yakwata oluyimba lwe olwali lusooka lwebayita No Offence' n'omufulumya waazo Emon owa situdiyo eyitibwa South Side n'afulumya wansi wa kampuni eyitibwa Jahlovd Label mu 2013. Oluvannyuma yakolagana n’omukulembeze w’okukola obutambi bw’ebifaananyi Omunnayuganda Sasha Vybz, ng’akolera wansi wa layibulare ye ey’ennyimba, Savvy Music, okutuusa mu 2015, lwe yayingira mu layibulare endala ey’ennyimba eyitibwa Stain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beenie Gunter explains why he quit Savy Music.|url=https://bigeye.ug/beenie-gunter-explains-why-he-quit-savy-music/|accessdate=22 September 2019|agency=Big Eye|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922190408/https://bigeye.ug/beenie-gunter-explains-why-he-quit-savy-music/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakwata oluyimba lwebayita Lose Control wansi wa kampuni ya 'Stain record label', ate oluvannyuma mu mwaka ogwo, n'ayabulira aba Stain okutandikawo kampuni ye empya ewandiika abayimbi, eyitibwa 'Guntalk City Movement'.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muriisa|first1=Habre|title=Beenie Gunter Outs First Song Under New Management|url=http://chano8.com/beenie-gunter-outs-new-song-under-new-management/|accessdate=16 October 2019|agency=Chano8|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922181211/http://chano8.com/beenie-gunter-outs-new-song-under-new-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beenie Gunter yagoberera okukola obulungi kw'oliyimba lwaNo Offence''' n'olulala lwebayita''' ''Tubayo'' lweyakwata ng'ali mu kibuga ky'e Mbarara ng'agenze okuyimbira abantu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Muleyi|first1=Solomon|title=Musician Beenie Gunter joins taxi business|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1497365/musician-beenie-gunter-joins-taxi-business|website=New Vision|accessdate=16 October 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330201246/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1497365/musician-beenie-gunter-joins-taxi-business|url-status=live}}</ref> Gunter yafulumya ennyimba ez'ediringana nga ''Seekle Down'', ''Commando'', ''Pon Mi'' fng'ali ne Dj Slickstuart, Dj Roja n'omuyimbi okuva e Nigeria [[Skales]] ne ''Olina Work'' nga luno yali ne [[Skales,]] wabula nga yasinga kumanyikwa n'oluyitibwa ''Pon Mi'' ne ''Olina Work''. Olina Work lwasinga okumanyikwa eri abawagizi be nga n'abayimbi abalala baalukoonako nga [[Bobi Wine]] mu luyimba lwe olwakwata abantu omubabiro lwebayita ''Kyarenga''. Beenie Gunter akoze ennyimba n'abayimbi abalala nga [[Eddy Kenzo]] ne [[Sheebah Karungi|Sheebah Karungi,]] n'abayimbi b'ennyimba ekika kya dancehall okuva mu Jamaica nga [[Nyanda,]] [[Kranium]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luzze|first1=Anderson|title=Star Beenie Gunter, Jamaica’s Kranium to Release ‘Killer’ Dance Hall Collabo|url=http://www.spyuganda.com/star-beenie-gunter-jamaicas-kranium-to-release-killer-dance-hall-collabo/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Spy Uganda|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173655/http://www.spyuganda.com/star-beenie-gunter-jamaicas-kranium-to-release-killer-dance-hall-collabo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Muhinda|first1=Boses|title=Uganda’s Beenie Gunter And Jamaica’s Kranium to Record Collabo|url=https://campusbee.ug/entertainment/ugandas-beenie-gunter-and-jamaicas-kranium-to-record-collabo/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=The Campus Bee|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710171927/https://campusbee.ug/entertainment/ugandas-beenie-gunter-and-jamaicas-kranium-to-record-collabo/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Kemist,]] [[Gyptian,]] [[Beenie Man]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Beenie Gunter to shoot video with Jamaican star, Beenie Man|url=https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/22943/beenie-gunter-to-shoot-video-with-jamaican-star-beenie-man|accessdate=22 September 2019|agency=How We Biz|publisher=Entertainment|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922175921/https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/22943/beenie-gunter-to-shoot-video-with-jamaican-star-beenie-man|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EXCLUSIVE: Beenie Man, Gyptian, Skales feature on Beenie Gunter’s ‘No Fear’ album|url=https://mbu.ug/2019/05/01/exclusive-beenie-man-gyptian-skales-feature-on-beenie-gunters-no-fear-album/|accessdate=22 September 2019|agency=Mbu|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831135327/https://mbu.ug/2019/05/01/exclusive-beenie-man-gyptian-skales-feature-on-beenie-gunters-no-fear-album/|url-status=live}}</ref> n'akuba ennyimba z'okufubutuka ebigambo eza rap n'Omunayigeria [[Skales]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Beenie Gunter in studio with Nigerian Star Skales|url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/beenie-gunter-studio-nigerian-star-skales/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Ghafla|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173653/http://www.ghafla.com/ug/beenie-gunter-studio-nigerian-star-skales/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yayimbirako ne ku bivvulu ebiwerako ku siteegi ng'eya [[Major Lazer]] ekivvulu ky'e Kampala mu Gwekkumi 2018,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ruva|first1=Roy|title=Fik Fameica, A PAss And Beenie Gunter In Star-studded Major Lazer Concert Line up|url=http://chano8.com/fik-fameica-a-pass-and-beenie-gunter-in-star-studded-major-lazer-concert-line-up/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Chano8|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173653/http://chano8.com/fik-fameica-a-pass-and-beenie-gunter-in-star-studded-major-lazer-concert-line-up/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ekivvulu kya Nyege Nyege]] mu 2019,<ref>{{cite web|title=Beenie Gunter (Ug)|url=https://www.nyegenyege.com/portfolio-works/beenie-gunter-ug/|website=Nyege Nyege|accessdate=21 September 2019|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173655/https://www.nyegenyege.com/portfolio-works/beenie-gunter-ug/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ne ku siteegi endala. Mu Ogwekkumineebiri 2017, Beenie Gunter yawangula engule ya 'Buzz Teenz Awards' ey'okubeera omuyimbi wa 'Teeniez Dancehall' ow'omwaka n'okubeera n'oluyimba olwali lwokya olwa 'Teeniez Hottest Dancehall Song oluyitibwa Pon Mi <ref>{{cite news |last1=Llado|first1=Lucy|title=Uganda: Beenie Gunter wins big at Buzz Teeniez Awards|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda-beenie-gunter-wins-big-buzz-teeniez-awards|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Music in Africa|archive-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506015854/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda-beenie-gunter-wins-big-buzz-teeniez-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> era yalondebwa okuvuganya ku ngule y’Omuyimbi Omusajja Eyasinga Obukugu mu Byambalo mu Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards ey’omwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mayanja|first1=Yasin|title=Beenie Gunter Nominated In The Abryanz Fashion And Style Awards|url=https://newslexpoint.com/beenie-gunter-nominated-abryanz/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=News Lex Point|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173656/https://newslexpoint.com/beenie-gunter-nominated-abryanz/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2018, Beenie Gunter ne [[Navio (akuba ennyimba z'okufubutuka ebigambo)|Navio]] baaweebwa endagaano ab'ekibiina kya 'Talent Africa Group' okubeera n'entegeka z’okubapangisa mu butongole.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aly Alibhai signs Beenie Gunter, Navio|url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/four-one-one/aly-alibhai-signs-beenie-gunter-navio.html|accessdate=16 October 2019|agency=Sqoop:It's Deep|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016050935/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/four-one-one/aly-alibhai-signs-beenie-gunter-navio.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Enkolagana eno ne Gunter yongerwa okufuuka endagaano y’okumuddukanyiza emirimu gye mu bujjuvu (360 management deal) ne Talent Africa Group mu Gwomukaaga 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mercedes|first1=JL|title=Bennie Gunter Signed Up By Ali’s Talent Africa|url=https://enews.ug/bennie-gunter-signed-alis-talent-africa/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=E News Ug|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173654/https://enews.ug/bennie-gunter-signed-alis-talent-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dancehall Star Beenie Gunter Signed by Talent Africa|url=http://www.ugandapulse.com/entertainment/dancehall-star-beenie-gunter-signed-talent-africa/|accessdate=21 September 2019|agency=Uganda Pulse|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922183704/http://www.ugandapulse.com/entertainment/dancehall-star-beenie-gunter-signed-talent-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Talent Africa kyawa Ambasada omulimu gw'okubeera ow'eby'amawulire ne Chaggga, eyaliko omukwanaganya wa [[Radio and Weasel]] ng'avunaanyizibwa ku by'okutambula.<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Writer |title=Beenie Gunter Introduces Chagga as new manager |url=https://bigeye.ug/beenie-gunter-introduces-chagga-as-new-manager/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173657/https://bigeye.ug/beenie-gunter-introduces-chagga-as-new-manager/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Big Eye}}</ref> Yafulumya olutambi lwe olwali lusooka okuva mu situdiyo nga kuliko ennyimba 25 lwebaali bayita '<nowiki/>''No Fear''' nga 26 Ogwomunaana mu 2019 ku kabaga k'okuwuliriza aka Talent Africa. Ku lutambi luno, Gunter yalinamu abayimbi nga [[Lydia Jazmine]], [[A Pass|A Pass,]] The Mith, Big Trill n'omunayigeria Skales nga bonna baddamu okubeera mu luyimba. Abayimbi bonna abaalimu baaliyo ku kabaga k'okuwuliriza kano kwe baali balufulumiza.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Star Skales Graces Beenie Gunter's 'No Fear' Album release |url=https://chimpreports.com/nigerian-star-skales-graces-beenie-gunters-no-fear-album-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828173430/https://chimpreports.com/nigerian-star-skales-graces-beenie-gunters-no-fear-album-release/ |archive-date=28 August 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Chimpreports}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ssejombwe |first1=Isaac |title=Beenie Gunter releases 25 track ‘No Fear’ album |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/four-one-one/beenie-gunter-releases-25-track-no-fear-album.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173653/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/four-one-one/beenie-gunter-releases-25-track-no-fear-album.html |archive-date=22 September 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Sqoop}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Beenie Man, Gyptian, Skales Feature On Beenie Gunter’s ‘No Fear’ Album. |url=https://www.hot100.ug/index.php/2019/05/02/beenie-man-gyptian-skales-feature-onnie-gunters-no-fear-album-listeners-party/ |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Deep Find |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208185520/https://www.hot100.ug/index.php/2019/05/02/beenie-man-gyptian-skales-feature-onnie-gunters-no-fear-album-listeners-party/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ekika kya muziki == === Entaambi za Situdiyo === * [[No Fear]] (2019) === Entaambi eziriko ennyimba entono === {| class="wikitable sortable" | colspan="3" style="font-size:110%" |{{center|'''As lead artist'''}} |- !Omwaka !Webaluyita !Olutaambi |- |2013 |"No Offence" |rowspan="5" {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- |2014 |"No Offence Remix" (feat. [[Sheebah Karungi]]) |- |2016 |"Tubayo" |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |"Pon Mi" (feat. Skales, Dj Slickstuart, Dj Roja) |- |"Olina Work" (feat. Skales) |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |"Bomblast" (feat. Skales)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miiro |first1=Alann |title=Beenie Gunter releases new Bomblast video featuring Nigerian singer Skales |url=https://www.campustimesug.com/beenie-gunter-releases-new-bomblast-video-featuring-nigerian-singer-skales/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173654/https://www.campustimesug.com/beenie-gunter-releases-new-bomblast-video-featuring-nigerian-singer-skales/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Campus Times Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhikusooka |first1=Brian |title=Beenie Gunter releases bomblast video featuring Skales |url=https://www.cyclonetimes.com/beenie-gunter-releases-bomblast-video-featuring-skales/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922175158/https://www.cyclonetimes.com/beenie-gunter-releases-bomblast-video-featuring-skales/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Cyclone Times}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |No Fear |- |"No Letting Go" (feat. [[Lydia Jazmine]]) |- |"Commando" (feat. Big Trill) |- | colspan="3" style="font-size:110%" |{{center|'''As a featured artist'''}} |- |2014 |"Tompaana" by [[Eddy Kenzo]] (feat. Beenie Gunter)<ref>{{cite news |title=Eddy Kenzo, Beenie Gunter team up in new video — "Tompaana". |url=https://bigeye.ug/eddy-kenzo-beenie-gunter-team-new-video-tompaana-watch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016044847/https://bigeye.ug/eddy-kenzo-beenie-gunter-team-new-video-tompaana-watch/ |archive-date=16 October 2019 |accessdate=16 October 2019 |agency=Big Eye Uganda}}</ref> |rowspan="4" {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- |2016 |Nishike olwa Pallaso ne Beenie Gunter<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muriisa |first1=Habre |title=Dance-Hall Artiste Beenie Gunter Talks About His Career And Nishike Video |url=http://chano8.com/dance-hall-artiste-beenie-gunter-talks-about-his-career-and-nishike-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922181145/http://chano8.com/dance-hall-artiste-beenie-gunter-talks-about-his-career-and-nishike-video/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2019 |agency=Chano8}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Body Can't Lie olwa The Kemist ng'ali ne Nyanda ne Beenie Gunter |- |<nowiki>''Giddemu'' ng'</nowiki>ali ne Big Trill |- |} == Ebijuliriziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi abasajja]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi abasajja ab'omukyasa kya makumi abiri mu kimu]] [[Category:Abayimbi ba Dancehall]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kyenjojo Disitulikiti]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abaazaalibwa mu 1993]] 53jw2len7b0xc9jx3ulclaudse85zaq Credonia Mwerinde 0 9650 78158 75065 2026-11-08T00:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Credonia Mwerinde''' (yazaalibwa mu 1952) ye yali akulira eddiini eyatuumibwa [[:en:Movement_for_the_Restoration_of_the_Ten_Commandments_of_God|Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God]], [[:en:Sect|ekibiina ky'abakkiriza]] eky'eyawula ku nzikiriza ya [[:en:Roman_Catholic_Church|Roman Catholic Church]] mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Nga tannaba kutandikawo kisinde kino, yali atunda dduuka, [[:en:Brewer|musogozi]] w'[[:en:Banana_beer|amubisi]],<ref name="MYST">{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ian |date=2000-04-02 |title=Uganda Cult's Mystique Finally Turned Deadly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/02/world/uganda-cult-s-mystique-finally-turned-deadly.html |access-date=2026-09-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> era omutunzi w'akaboozi k'ekikulu.<ref name="PREACH" /> Mwerinde era yali mmemba w'ekibiina ky'abakkiririza mu [[:en:Virgin_Mary|Virgin Mary]]. Ye ne ba mmemba abalala babiri baatukirira [[:en:Joseph_Kibweteere|Joseph Kibweteere]] mu 1989, n'ebamugamba nti Bikira Maria yali amulagidde okubawasa.<ref name="FATE">{{Cite news |last=Cauvin |first=Henri E. |date=2000-03-27 |title=Fateful Meeting Led to Founding of Cult in Uganda |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/27/world/fateful-meeting-led-to-founding-of-cult-in-uganda.html |access-date=2026-09-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kibweteere y'akkiriza, nti y'[[:en:Marian_apparition|alabikirwa Biikira Maria]] okumpi n'amaka ge emyaka etaano emabega. Mwerinde ne Kibweteere baatandiikawo ekisinde mu 1989.<ref name="FATE" /> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Ebimukwatako == Mwerinde yali omu ku basatu abakulembera ekibiina ky'abakkiriza bano omwali Kibweteere, ne Dominic Kataribaabo, [[:en:Excommunication|Omusumba]] [[:en:Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)|eyali yagobebwa okuva mu Keleziya]]. Wabula Paul Ikazire, yali omukulembeze w'eddiini eno ng'oluvannyuma yaddayo mu Keleziya, yamunyonyola ng'owamaanyi mu kisinde ekyo. Yagamba nti, "Enkiiko z'akubirizibwanga Sister Credonia, ng'eyali akulembera ekibiina. Kibwetere yalinga munnaddiini waabwe okusobola okwolesa obuyinza okuva eri abagoberezi abalala okukwasaganya enzikiriza yaabwe."<ref name="POWER">The power behind the cult ''The Telegraph'' April 2, 2000</ref> Mwerinde ye yali ensibuko y'ebyali biteberezebwa okubaawo [[:en:Apocalypse|mu kusaanyawo ensi yonna]] era n'okulangirira nti okununulibwa kwali kusangibwa mu bubaka bwa Bikira Maria. Ekisinde kyakulira ku sipiidi y'awaggulu era nga abantu baali bateeberezebwa okubeera wakati wa 5,000 ne 6,000.Abapaatiri Abakatoliki [[:en:Defrocking|abaali bamanyifu era ab'amaanyi]] n'abanaani babegattako era ne bakola nga [[:en:Theologians|abasomesa b'enzikiriza]]. [[:en:Apocalypse|Okusanyizibwawo kw'ensi]] kwali kuteeberezabwa okubaawo mu [[:en:Millennium|myaka lukumi]] oluvannyuma lw'okuzalibwa kwa Kristo. Oluvanyuma lw'enzikiriza eno okugobebwa mu Rwashamaire, yaddizibwa mu kifo kya kitaawe wa Mwerinde mu [[:en:Kanungu_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu]]. Nga omwaka 2000 gunateera okutuuka, ba mmeba b'enzikiriza eno baatunda eby'obugagga byabwe amagoba ne bagazza eri obukulembeze bw'ekibiina. Ensi bw'etaakomekkerera nga 1 Ogusooka, w'abalukawo akasambatuko mu kisinde. Ba memba batandika okubuuza ebibuuzo era ne batandika okubanja okuddizibwa ssente n'ebintu byabwe. Abanonyerza ba Poliisi bakkiriza nti obukulembeze bw'ekibiina kino naddala Mwerinde, bwatandika okusaanyawo abagoberezi baabwe ng'abatandikira ku kusaanyawo essinzizo ly'abwe erya Kanangu nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2000 mu muliro ogw'atta abantu 530 abaali munda. Emirambo kikumi gyasangibwa mu bifo by'ekibiina okwetoloola Obukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Ekikkirizibwa nga [[:en:Mass_suicide|okutemulwa kw'ekibiina kyonna]], poliisi oluvannyuma yakirangirira nti kyali kinoonyerezaako ng'[[:en:Mass_murder|obutemu]].<ref name="POWER" /> == Okubulawo kwe n'ebyava mw'ekyo kye yakola == Mwerinde asuubirizibwa okuba nga yasimatuka nabbambula w'omuliro eyakwata essinzizo. Ab'obuyinza mu Uganda bakkiriza nti yava mu lugya lw'enzikiriza eno e Kanangu mu saawa z'okumakya nga 17 Ogwokusatu. Mu Gwokuna 2000, poliisi yafulumya walanti y'ensi yonna okumukwata nga yekuusa ku butemu bw'ekibiina kye kyonna. Mu Gwomwenda 2011, Mwerinde n'abalabi b'ebiseera ebyomumaaso abatebereza ennaku z'omwezi enkyamu ez'enkomerero y'ensi baweebwa ekirabo ekya [[:en:Ig_Nobel_Prize|Ig Nobel Prize]] "olw'okusomesa ensi okubeera abegendereza nga bakola ebibalo".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Winners of the 2011 Ig Nobel Awards |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/09/29/winners_of_the_2011_ig_nobel_awards/?rss_id=Boston.com+--+Massachusetts+news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115726/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/09/29/winners_of_the_2011_ig_nobel_awards/?rss_id=Boston.com+--+Massachusetts+news |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2026-09-19 |work=Boston.com |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-30 |title=Wasabi alarm, beetle sex win Ig Nobel spoof prizes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/wasabi-alarm-beetle-sex-win-ig-nobel-spoof-prizes-idUSTRE78S6VP/ |access-date=2026-09-19 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:List_of_fugitives_from_justice_who_disappeared|Olukalala lw'abanonyerezebwa abadduka okuvunanibwa]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * "Religion That Kills", ''ABC News'', 14 February 2001 News story about the phenomenon of cults in Uganda * Seven Years Since the Kanungu Massacre * Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God. * BBC Report * Religious Tolerance.org on the Movement Archived 2007-06-09 at the Wayback Machine {{Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God}} jc61h5ue2gycq24k3mb8y9lou4ta6y3 Benna Namugwanya 0 9652 78149 74776 2026-11-08T00:01:09Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Benna Namugwanya Bugembe''' yali ayitibwa Benna Namugwanya. Yazaalibwa 21 Ogwomwenda 1967 [[Munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi . Yeeyali Minisita omubeezi ow'ekibuga Kampala mu Kabineeti ya Uganda . Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uganda State House |date=6 June 2016 |title=Museveni’s new cabinet list At 6 June 2016 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |format=PDF}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti ye Mubende mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumi (2016–2021).<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |last=POUG |date=8 October 2017 |title=Parliament of Uganda: Members of the 10th Parliament: Namugwanya Bugembe Benny |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=297 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321102651/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=297 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=8 October 2017 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POUG)}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Benna yazaalibwa nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1967, mu Disitulikiti ye Mubende. Yasomera ku Saint Edwards College, e Bukuumi, nga leero ye [[Disitulikiti y'e Kakumiro]] ku misomo gye egy'omutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna (O-level). Yakyusa n’agenda ku Saint Kizito High School Bethany, e Ngugulo mu Disitulikiti ye Mityana gye yamalira' siniya ey'omukaaga (A-level).<ref name="Profile"/> Mu 1989, yaweebwa ekifo ku [[Ssettendekero wa Makerere]]. Yatikkirwa mu 1992 ne ddiguli esooka mu by'enjigiriza . Oluvannyuma mu 2006, yunivasite y'emu yamuwa ddiguli eyokubiri mu byenjigiriza. Benna Namugwaya era alina dipuloma mu kukulembera abakozi n'okubalabirira , gyeyafuna okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Uganda Management Institute]] mu 2007 ne Satifikeeti mu mateeka ag'enzirukanya y'emirimu, ey'amuweebwa ekitongole kya [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]] mu 2009.<ref name="Profile" /> == Emirimu gye == Omulimu gwe ogwasooka gwali gwa busomesa ku ssomero lya siniya erya Alliance High School nga yaweereza okutuusa mu 1995. Olwo yakyusa n’agenda ku Saint Augustine College e [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Wakiso]], n’asomesa eyo okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 1998.<ref name="Profile"/> Mu 1998, Benna Namugwanya yapangisibwa Disitulikiti y'e Mubende, ng’omulambuzi w’amasomero, nga y’aweereza mu kifo ekyo okumala emyaka mukaaga. Mu 2004, yakuzibwa okutuuka ku kifo ky’omuyambi w’akulira eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y’e Mubende, n’aweereza mu kifo ekyo okumala omwaka gumu. Mu 2005, yaddamu okukuzibwa okutuuka ku kifo kyakola ng’akulira eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti, nga y’aweereza okumala emyaka ebiri mu kifo ekyo. Yafuuka akulira eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti mu 2007, n’aweereza mu kifo ekyo okutuusa mu 2010.<ref name="Profile"/> Mu 2011 yayingira eby'obufuzi bya Uganda eby'okulonda ng'avuganya ku kifo ky'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Mubende, wansi wa tikiti y'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] ekiri mu buyinza. Yawangula era n'addamu okulondebwa mu 2016.<ref name="Profile"/> Mu lukalala lwa kabineeti, olwafulumizibwa nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, Namugwanya yalondebwa ku bwa Minisita omubeezi w'ensonga z'ekibuga Kampala, ng'amyuka Beti Olive Namisango Kamya-Turomwe, Minisita wa kabineti omujjuvu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President announces new Cabinet {{!}} State House Uganda |url=https://statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2016/06/06/president-announces-new-cabinet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114093939/https://statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2016/06/06/president-announces-new-cabinet |archive-date=2021-01-14 |access-date=2026-09-11 |website=www.statehouse.go.ug |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Cabinet of Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[Parliament of Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi abakyala]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] 4f1lei2iasq3kut2k2fpsph7w5urwdm Uganda 0 9785 78198 76951 2026-11-08T01:54:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uganda''', mu butongole Republic of'''''Uganda, nsi etalina mwalo ku ssemayanja.''''' Lyetooloddwa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/uganda |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=Commonwealth |language=en}}</ref> mu buvanjuba bwa [[Afirika]]. Egabana ensalo ne [[Kenya]] e buvanjuba, [[South Sudan|Sudan y'Omaserengeta]] mu mambuka, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Ripabulika ya Demokurase eya Kongo]], [[Rwanda]] mu maserengeta buvanjuba, ne [[Tanzania]] mu maserengeta. Ekitundu kya maserengeta kirimu ekitundu kinene eky'Ennyanja Nalubaale, egabanibwa ne Kenya ne Tanzania. Uganda eri mu kitundu omusangibwa amayanja amanene aga Afirika, esangibwa mu kifo omusibuka omugga Kiyira, era elina embeera y'obudde ey'enjawulo eya yikweta. Nga bwekiri mu 2024, elina abantu obukadde 49, okwo obukadde 8.5 babeera mu kibuga ekikulu era ekibuga ekinene ennyo, Kampala. Uganda erina erinnya okuva mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda, obuzingiramu ekitundu ekinene eky'ebukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga, nga mw'otwalidde n'ekibuga ekikulu Kampala<ref>https://www.ubos.org/uganda-profile/</ref> era nga olulimi lwabwe Luganda lwogerwa nnyo mu ggwanga lyonna. Okuva mu 1894, ekitundu kino kyafugibwa Bungereza, ekyatandikawo amateeka g'obufuzi mu bitundu byonna. Uganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva mu Bungereza nga 9 Okitobba 1962. Okuva olwo wabaddewo entalo nnyingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'obufuzi bwa bannamaje obwamala emyaka munaana nga bukulemberwa Idi Amin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buganda: Uganda's 1,000-year-old kingdom|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/buganda-ugandas-1-000-year-old-kingdom/99978|access-date=2023-03-11|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole lwe Lungereza, wadde nga Ssemateeka agamba nti "olulimi olulala lwonna luyinza okukozesebwa ng'ensomesa mu masomero oba mu bitongole ebirala eby'enjigiriza oba mu mateeka, mu by'obufuzi, oba mu misango nga bwe kiragibwa mu mateeka". Luganda, olulimi olwogerwa mu bitundu bya Buganda, lwogerwa nnyo mu bitundu bya Buganda n'ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, era n'ennimi endala nnyingi nazo zoogerwa omuli Luteso, Lulango, Lucholi, Lunyoro, Lunyankole, Lukiga, Luluo, Lutooro, Lusamia, Lujopadhola, ne Lusoga. Mu 2005, olulimi Oluswayili, olwali lutwalibwa ng'olutalina kakwate konna n'olulimi olulala olw'omu Uganda, lwatongozebwa okuba olulimi olw'okubiri olukozesebwa mu Uganda, naye olulimi olwo telunnakkirizibwa mu palamenti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381|title=English rules in Uganda, but local languages shouldn't be sidelined|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2022 Uganda yasalawo okufuula Oluswayili essomo ly'ekiragiro mu nsoma y'essomero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz|title=Uganda is embracing Swahili in its curriculum after years of resistance|website=[[MSN]]|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz|url-status=live}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Uganda kati ye Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, eyajja ku buyinza mu Jjanwali 1986 oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa bannalukalala olwamala emyaka mukaaga. Oluvannyuma lw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka ekyajjawo ekkomo ku bwapulezidenti, yasobola okwesimbawo n'alondebwa ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2011, 2016 ne 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda|title=Uganda|date=30 January 2019|website=freedomhouse.org|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929074232/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == {{main|History of Uganda}} === Uganda ey'Edda === {{main|Early history of Uganda}} Ekitundu ekinene ekya Uganda kyali kibeeramu abantu ab'omu Central Sudan ne Kuliak nga boogera ku balimi n'abasumba nga n'aboogera Olubantu tebannajja mu bukiikaddyo n'aboogera Olunyiriri lwa Nilo mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba emyaka 3,000 emabega mu 1000 BC. Omwaka gwa 1500 AD we gwatuukira, baali bayingidde mu buwangwa bw'abantu aboogera Olubantu mu bukiikaddyo bw'Olusozi Elgon, omugga Nile, n'Ennyanja Kyoga.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|jstor=183030|title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes|last1=Schoenbrun|first1=David L.|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1993|volume=34|issue=1|pages=1–31|doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989|s2cid=162660041|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328154318/https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bulombolombo bw'abantu n'ebyafaayo, obwakabaka bwa Kitara bwali buzingiramu ekitundu ekikulu eky'Ennyanja Ennene, okuva mu bukiikakkono bw'ennyanja Albert ne Kyoga okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo bw'ennyanja Victoria ne Tanganyika. Bunyoro-Kitara kigambibwa nti ye yali ensibuko y'obwakabaka bwa Toro, Ankole, Buganda ne Busoga.<ref name="Mwambutsya">{{cite journal|author=Mwambutsya, Ndebesa|url=http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131112357/http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm|archive-date=31 January 2008|title=Pre-capitalist Social Formation: The Case of the Banyankole of Southwestern Uganda|journal=Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review|volume=6|issue=2; 7 no. 1|date=June 1990 – January 1991|pages=78–95}}</ref> Abamu ku bantu ba Luo baalumba ekitundu ky'e Bunyoro ne beegatta ku bantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, ne batandikawo obwakabaka bwa Babiito obwa Omukama (omufuzi) wa Bunyoro-Kitara.<ref name="babito">{{cite web|url=http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm|title=Origins of Bunyoro-Kitara Kings|access-date=10 December 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210003812/http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm#The%20Babiito|archive-date=10 December 2006}}, bunyoro-kitara.com.</ref> Abasuubuzi Abawalabu baayingira mu nsi eyo okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ekiyindi mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika mu myaka gya 1830 olw'obusuubuzi. Mu myaka gya 1860, Bunyoro mu Buganda ey'omu masekkati g'ebugwanjuba yalaba ng'atyoboolebwa okuva mu bukiikakkono aba Egypt. Okwawukana ku basuubuzi Abawalabu abaava ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu buvanjuba bwa Afirika, abaakolanga omulimu ogwo baali bawagira okuwamba amawanga. Mu 1869, Khedive Ismail Pasha owa Misiri, ng'anoonya okuwamba ebitundu ebisangibwa ebukiikakkono bw'ensalo z'Ennyanja Victoria n'ebuvanjuba bw'Ennyanja Albert ne "ebukiikaddyo bwa Gondokoro",<ref name="Baker 1879">{{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Samuel White|url=http://archive.org/details/ismailianarrativ00bake|title=Ismailia; a narrative of the expedition to Central Africa for the suppression of the slave trade, organized by Ismail, Khedive of Egypt|date=1879|publisher=London, Macmillan|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> yatuma omunoonyereza Omungereza, Samuel Baker, mu kaweefube w'amagye ku nsalo z'omu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, n'ekigendererwa eky'okumalawo okusuubula abaddu eyo n'okuggulawo ekkubo eri eby'obusuubuzi ne "obuwangwa". Bannayoro baawakanya Baker, eyalina okulwana olutalo olw'amaanyi okusobola okuwonawo. Baker yatwala okuziyiza ng'ekikolwa eky'obukuusa, era n'avumirira Bannayoro mu kitabo (Ismailia A Narrative Of The Expedition To Central Africa For The Suppression Of Slave Trade, Organized By Ismail, Khadive Of Egypt (1874)) ekyasomebwa nnyo mu Bungereza. Oluvannyuma, Abongereza baatuuka mu Uganda nga baagala nnyo okulwanyisa obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro ne beegatta ku bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Kino kyandireetedde Bunyoro okufiirwa ekitundu ky'ettaka lye, eryaweebwa Buganda ng'empeera okuva mu Bungereza. Ebitundu bibiri ku "bitundu ebyayonoonebwa" byazzibwayo e Bunyoro oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze. Mu myaka gya 1860, nga Abawalabu banoonya obuyinza okuva mu bukiikakkono, abanoonyereza aba Bungereza nga banoonya ensulo y'omugga Nile baatuuka mu Uganda. Baagobererwa abaminsani b'Abongereza ab'omu Bungereza abaatuuka mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu 1877 era n'abaminsani Abakatuliki Abafalansa mu 1879. Embeera eno yaleeta okufa kwa Uganda Martyrs mu 1885 oluvannyuma lw'okukyusibwa kwa Muteesa I n'ekitundu ekinene eky'olukiiko lwe, n'okulonda mutabani we Mwanga.<ref name="Background">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2963.htm|title=Background Note: Uganda|publisher=Bureau of African Affairs, United States Department of State|date=November 2008|access-date=21 January 2017|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128192054/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2963.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Bungereza yalagira Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) okukola endagaano z'obusuubuzi mu kitundu kino okuva mu 1888.<ref name="Snakes">{{Cite book|title=Two Kingdoms of Uganda: Snakes and Ladders in the Scramble for Africa|last=Pulford|first=Cedric|publisher=Ituri Publications|year=2011|location=Daventry}}</ref> Okuva mu 1886, waaliwo entalo ez'eddiini mu Buganda, okusooka wakati w'Abasiraamu n'Abakristaayo ate oluvannyuma, okuva mu 1890, wakati w'Abapolotesitante b'e Ba-Ingleza n'Abakatuliki b'e Ba-Fransa.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Arms Trade in East Africa in the Late Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1962_3_3/page/451|last=Beachey|first=R. W.|date=1962|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=3|issue=3|page=451|doi=10.1017/s0021853700003352|s2cid=162601116}}</ref> Olw'obutabanguko n'ebizibu by'eby'enfuna, IBEAC yagamba nti yali tasobola "kuyimirizaawo mulimu gwabwe" mu kitundu ekyo. Eby'obusuubuzi bya Bungereza byali byagala nnyo okukuuma ekkubo ly'obusuubuzi ery'omugga Nile, ekyaleetera gavumenti ya Bungereza okuwamba Buganda n'ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo okutonda Uganda Protectorate mu 1894.<ref name="Snakes" />{{rp|3–4}}<ref>Gordon Martel, "Cabinet politics and African partition: The Uganda debate reconsidered." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 13.1 (1984): 5-24.</ref> === Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962) === {{main|Uganda Protectorate}} [[File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg|thumb|Eggye lya Uganda Protectorate]] Obukuumi bwa Uganda bwali bufuzi bwa Bungereza okuva mu 1894 okutuuka mu 1962. Mu 1893, Imperial British East Africa Company yakyusa eddembe lyayo ery'okufuga ettaka eryali lizingiramu Obwakabaka bwa Buganda eri gavumenti ya Bungereza. Ekibiina kya IBEAC kyalekera awo okufuga Uganda oluvannyuma lw'entalo z'eddiini ez'omunda ezaali mu Uganda okukireetera okufiirwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Griffiths|first=Tudor|date=2001|title=Bishop Alfred Tucker and the Establishment of a British Protectorate in Uganda 1890-94|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/1/article-p92_4.xml|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|volume=31|issue=1|pages=92–114|doi=10.1163/157006601X00040|issn=0022-4200|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128203602/https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/1/article-p92_4.xml|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 1894, Uganda Protectorate yatandikibwawo, era ettaka eryo ne libuna n'ebitundu ebirala eby'ensi ya Buganda nga bayita mu ndagaano n'obwakabaka obulala (Toro mu 1900, Ankole mu 1901, ne Bunyoro mu 1933) mu kitundu ekisangibwa mu Uganda leero.<ref>{{Cite web|last=joz|first=Jaynnielaw|date=22 March 2015|title=The Wars of Religion 1888-1892|url=https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/|access-date=2 January 2021|website=DISCOVER UGANDA, TOUR UGANDA, VOLUNTEER UGANDA & SERVE UGANDA|language=en|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129063759/https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ekifo ky'obukuumi kyalimu emiganyulo egy'enjawulo eri Uganda okusinga ekifo kino bwe kyafuulibwa ekkoloni nga Kenya, Uganda bwe yasigala n'obuyinza obw'enjawulo obwandibadde butono wansi w'obufuzi bw'amakoloniya. Mu myaka gya 1890, abakozi 32,000 okuva mu Bungereza mu Buyindi baaweerezebwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika wansi w'endagaano z'abakozi okuzimba Uganda Railway. Bangi ku Bayindi abaawonawo baddayo ewaabwe, naye 6,724 baasalawo okusigala mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika oluvannyuma lw'okuzimbibwa. Oluvannyuma, abamu baafuuka abasuubuzi era ne batandika okutunda enva endiirwa n'ebintu ebirala. Okuva mu 1900 okutuuka mu 1920, obulwadde bw'endwadde y'ekizikiza obwali bucaase mu bukiikaddyo bwa Uganda, okumpi n'olubalama lw'Ennyanja Victoria, bwatta abantu abasukka mu 250,000.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reanalyzing the 1900–1920 Sleeping Sickness Epidemic in Uganda|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|location=US|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|last1=Fèvre|first1=E. M.|last2=Coleman|first2=P. G.|last3=Welburn|first3=S. C.|last4=Maudlin|first4=I.|date=April 2004|volume=10|issue=4|pages=567–573|doi=10.3201/eid1004.020626|pmid=15200843|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ssematalo ow'okubiri yakubiriza gavumenti ya Uganda okuwandiisa abaserikale 77,143 okuweereza mu King's African Rifles. Baalabiddwa nga bakola mu lutalo lwa Western Desert, olutalo lwa Abyssinian, olutalo lwa Madagascar n'olutalo lwa Burma. === Independence (1962 to 1965) === Uganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva mu Bungereza nga 9 Okitobba 1962 ne Nnaabakyala Elizabeth II nga ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga ne Nnaabakyala wa Uganda. Mu Okitobba 1963, Uganda yafuuka repabuliki naye n'eyongera okuba ekitundu kya Commonwealth. Okulonda okwasooka oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze, okwaliwo mu 1962, kwawangulwa omukago wakati wa Uganda People's Congress (UPC) ne Kabaka Yekka (KY). UPC ne KY zaakola gavumenti esooka oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze nga Milton Obote ye yali Ssaabaminisita omukulu, nga Kabaka wa Buganda (Kabaka) Edward Muteesa II ye yali akulira olukiiko.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=3|title=History of Parliament|access-date=18 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220164706/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=3|archive-date=20 February 2010}} (Website of the Parliament of Uganda)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm|title=Buganda Kingdom: The Uganda Crisis, 1966|publisher=Buganda.com|access-date=3 May 2010|archive-date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324164117/http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Buganda crisis (1962–1966) === {{main|Mengo Crisis}} [[File:Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg|right|thumb|Okuzimba ekidiba kya Owen Falls mu Jinja]] Emyaka egyaddirira nga Uganda emaze okufuna obwetwaze gyateekebwawo enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti enkulu n'obwakabaka obusingako obunene mu Buganda. Okuviira ddala mu kiseera Bungereza lwe yatandikawo obukuumi bwa Uganda, ekibuuzo ky'engeri y'okukulembera obwakabaka obusingirayo ddala obunene mu nteekateeka y'eggwanga erimu obumu bulijjo kyali kizibu. Abakulembeze b'amasaza baali balemereddwa okuteekawo enkola eyali ekozesebwa. Kino kyayongera okwonooneka olw'endowooza Buganda gye yalina ku nkolagana ye ne gavumenti enkulu. Buganda teyagezaako kufuna buwambe wabula yalabika ng'ewulira bulungi n'entegeka eyabakakasa enkizo okusinga abantu abalala abaali mu bufuzi bwa Buganda oba embeera ey'enjawulo ng'Abongereza bavuddeyo. Kino kyeyolekera mu bulabe obwaliwo wakati w'abakulembeze b'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza ne Buganda nga tebannafuna ddembe. Mu Buganda, waaliwo enjawukana wakati w'abo abaali baagala Kabaka abeere kabaka ow'amaanyi n'abo abaali baagala okwegatta ku Uganda yonna okutonda eggwanga erya leero. Okwawukana kwavaamu okutondebwa kw'ebibiina bibiri eby'amaanyi ebyesigamiziddwa ku Buganda - Kabaka Yekka (Kabaka Yekka) KY, n'ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP) ekyali kirina emirandira mu Kkanisa y'Abakatoliki. Obukyayi wakati w'ebibiina bino byombi bwali bwa maanyi nnyo naddala ng'okulonda okw'olubereberye okw'olukiiko oluvanyuma lw'Obukoloni kuli kumpi. Kabaka yali tayagala nnyo mukulembeze wa DP, Benedicto Kiwanuka. Ebweru wa Buganda, munnabyabufuzi omuwombeefu okuva mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, Milton Obote, yali akoze omukago gwa bannabyabufuzi abataali Bannayuganda okuzimba Uganda People's Congress (UPC). UPC mu mutima gwayo yali efugibwa bannabyabufuzi abaali baagala okutereeza kye baalaba ng'obutaba na bwenkanya mu bitundu ebyaleetera Buganda okuba n'enkizo ey'enjawulo. Kino kyasikiriza abantu bangi okuva ebweru wa Buganda. Kyokka, ekibiina kyasigala nga kikwatagana bulungi, naye Obote yalaga obumanyirivu obw'ekitalo mu kukkaanya ku nsonga emu nga yeesigama ku nkola ya federo.<ref name="Kasozi">{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|first1=A. B. K.|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|publisher=McGill-Queens's University Press|location=Montreal|isbn=9780773512184}}</ref> [[File:Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg|left|thumb|Ekizimbe eky'omu Uganda ekikuba ebitabo ku Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda]] Mu kiseera ky'obwetwaze, ekibuuzo kya Buganda kyali tekinnagonjoolwa. Uganda y'emu ku bitundu by'amakoloniya ebitono ebyafuna obwetwaze nga tebirina kibiina kyabufuzi ekirina obuyinza bungi mu palamenti. Mu kulonda okwaliwo ng'obwetwaze tebunnabaawo, UPC teyafulumya muntu yenna mu Buganda era yawangula ebifo 37 ku 61 ebyalondebwa butereevu (ebweru wa Buganda). DP yawangula ebifo 24 ebweru wa Buganda. "Ekifo eky'enjawulo" ekyaweebwa Buganda kyali kitegeeza nti ebifo bya Buganda 21 byalondebwa mu ngeri ya proportional representation ekikwatagana n'okulonda palamenti ya Buganda ′′ Lukikko. KY yawangula DP, n'efuna ebifo byonna 21. UPC yatuuka ku ntikko ku nkomerero ya 1964 omukulembeze wa DP mu palamenti, Basil Kiiza Bataringaya, bwe yasomoka olukiiko lwa palamenti n'abakiise abalala bataano, DP n'eba n'ebifo mwenda byokka. Abakiise ba DP tebaali basanyufu nti obukyayi bwa mukulembeze waabwe, Benedicto Kiwanuka, eri Kabaka bwali bulemesa omukisa gwabwe ogw'okukolagana ne KY.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bade|first1=Albert|title=Benedicto Kiwanuka : the man and his politics|date=1996|publisher=Fountain Publ.|location=Kampala|isbn=978-9970020089}}</ref> Okuvunda kw'abavudde mu kibiina kwafuuka amataba ng'ab'ekibiina kya KY 10 basazeewo okudda mu kibiina bwe baakiraba nti omukago n'ekibiina kya UPC tegukyasobola. Emboozi za Obote ez'ekitiibwa mu ggwanga lyonna zaali zimuluma nnyo, era UPC yali efuna obuwanguzi kumpi mu kulonda kwonna okw'ebitundu era n'eyongerako obuyinza ku bukiiko bwonna obw'ebitundu n'abateesa ebweru wa Buganda. Kabaka yayanukula mu kasirise - oboolyawo nga musanyufu olw'ekifo kye eky'omukolo n'akabonero ke yalina mu kitundu kye. Kyokka, waaliwo n'enjawukana ez'amaanyi mu lubiri lwe ezaamuzibuwalira okulwanyisa Obote. Mu kiseera Uganda we yafuukira eddembe, Buganda "yali nnyumba eyawuddemu amaanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna". Ab'ekibiina ekyo bwe beeyongera obungi, abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo, ab'eddiini ez'enjawulo, n'ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo baatandika okukyusa endowooza yaabwe. Amaanyi g'ekibiina gaakendeera olw'obutakkaanya obwaliwo wakati w'ebibiina by'obufuzi mu bitundu byayo. Era mu 1966, UPC yali etandise okwekutula. Enkaayana zeeyongedde olw'abappya abaayita mu Palamenti okuva mu DP ne KY. Abakiise ba UPC baatuuka e Gulu mu 1964 ku lukuŋŋaana lw'abakiise. Kuno kwe kwalaga engeri Obote gye yali afiiriddwa obuyinza ku kibiina kye. Olutalo olw'okufuna Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina lwali lutalo lwa maanyi wakati w'omulwanyi omuggya ow'ekika ekya'moderate' Grace Ibingira ne John Kakonge. Ibingira oluvannyuma yafuuka akabonero k'okuziyiza Obote mu UPC. Kino kintu kikulu nnyo nga twetegereza ebyaliwo oluvannyuma ebyatuusa ku buzibu wakati wa Buganda ne gavumenti ya Buganda. Eri abo abataali mu UPC (nga mw'otwalidde n'abawagizi ba KY), kino kyali kabonero akalaga nti Obote yali mu kabi. Abalabirizi abanyiikivu baakiraba nti UPC teyali kibinja kimu. Okusaanawo kw'omukago gwa UPC-KY kwalaga obutasiima Obote n'abalala bwe baalina ku "kifo eky'enjawulo" ekya Buganda. Mu 1964, gavumenti yayanukula okusaba kw'ebitundu ebimu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda nti tebyali bantu ba Kabaka. Ng'obwakabaka bwa Buganda tebunnaba kufuga Buganda, obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro obwali buliraanyeewo bwali buwangudde Buganda. Buganda yali efunye ebitundu bya Bunyoro era abakoloni ba Bungereza baali bagikakasizza mu ndagaano za Buganda. Abantu b'omu bitundu ebyo baali baagala okudda mu Bunyoro. Obote yasalawo okukkirizza olukiiko, ekyasunguwaza Kabaka n'abantu abasinga mu Buganda. Abatuuze b'amasaza baasemba okudda e Bunyoro wadde Kabaka yagezaako okukyusa akalulu. Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa palamenti, KY yaziyiza etteeka ly'okusindika amasaza mu Bunyoro, bwe kityo n'akomya omukago ne UPC. Engeri y'ekika mu byabufuzi bya Uganda nayo yali yeeyoleka mu gavumenti. UPC eyali edda ekibiina ky'eggwanga yatandika okusaanawo ng'ebika bwe byavaako Ibingira okuvuganya Obote mu UPC. Enjawukana eyali wakati w'abantu b'omu bukiikakkono n'ab'omu bukiikaddyo, eyali yeeyolekera mu by'enfuna ne mu mbeera z'abantu, kati yali yeeyongedde nnyo mu bya bufuzi. Obote yeetoolodde bannabyabufuzi abasinga obungi ab'omu bukiikakkono. A. Neykon, Felix Onama, Alex Ojera nga n'abawagizi ba Ibingira oluvannyuma abaakwatibwa ne basibibwa naye, baali basinga kuva mu bukiikaddyo bwa South  George Magezi, B. Kirya, Matthias Ngobi. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebibiina by'abantu ebyo byombi byafuna amannya ag'ebika ′′ "Bantu" (ekitundu ekisinga okuba eky'ebukiikaddyo ekya Ibingira) ne "Nilotic" (ekitundu ekisinga okuba eky'ebukiikaddyo ekya Obote). Endowooza nti gavumenti yali mu lutalo n'Ababantu yeeyongedde bwe Obote yakwata era n'asiba mu kkomera baminisita ba Bantu abaali bawagira Ibingira.<ref name="Otunnu">{{cite book|last1=Otunnu|first1=Ogenga|title=Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=978-3319331553}}</ref> [[File:SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_Żuraw_Królewski.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ngaali : Kano kekabonero akakulu ak'eggwanga Uganda era nga erabikira ne mu bbendera ya Uganda]] Ebiwandiiko bino byaleeta ebintu bibiri eby'amaanyi. Ekisooka Buganda abantu b'omu Buganda Bantu era nga bwe kiri, beegasse ku kibiina kya Ibingira. Ekibinja kya Ibingira kyayongera mu maaso omukago guno nga bavunaana Obote nti ayagala okugoba Kabaka.<ref name="Otunnu" /> TKati tuli ku ludda lw'abawakanya Obote. Eky'okubiri, ab'ebyokwerinda, ab'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza baali basoloozezza amagye ne poliisi okuva mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda olw'okuba baali balowooza nti basobola okukola emirimu gino. Mu kiseera ky'obwetwaze, amagye n' poliisi byafugibwa ebika by'omu bukiikakkono    nga ebisinga bya Nilotic. Kati bandibadde bawulira nga beeyongedde okunywerera ku Obote, era yakozesa omukisa guno okunyweza obuyinza bwe. Mu Apuli 1966, Obote yawaayo abasirikale abappya 800 e Moroto, nga 70 ku buli kikumi baava mu Northern Region.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/83 83]}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo waaliwo endowooza nti gavumenti n'abakuumi b'ebyokwerinda baakulemberwa "abantu b'omu bukiikakkono" naddala Abacholi abaalina obuyinza bungi mu gavumenti ku mutindo gwa UPC. Mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda waaliwo n'enneewulira ez'enjawulo ez'okuziyiza Buganda, naddala ku bikwata ku "kifo eky'enjawulo" eky'obwakabaka ng'obwetwaze tebunnabaawo n'oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze, n'emiganyulo gyonna egy'eby'enfuna n'embeera y'abantu eyajja n'ekifo kino. "Obote yaleeta abantu abangi ab'omu bukiikakkono mu ssaza ekkulu, nga bayita mu buweereza bwa gavumenti n'amagye, era n'atandikawo enkola y'okukuuma abantu mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda". Kyokka, ebiwandiiko bya "Bantu" ne "Nilotic" byombi biraga obutali bumu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekika kya Bantu kizingiramu Buganda ne Bunyoro, ab'empaka ez'amaanyi. Ekika ky'abantu b'omu Nilo omuli abantu b'omu Lugbara, Acholi, ne Langi, bonna balina obukuubagano obw'amaanyi obwayamba mu by'obufuzi bya Uganda. Newankubadde nga waliwo obuzibu buno, ebintu bino byaleetawo enjawukana mu by'obufuzi wakati w'ebitundu by'omu bukiikakkono n'ebukiikaddyo nga tebamanyi era nga kino kikyalina kinene kye kikola ku by'obufuzi bya Uganda. Okutemagana kwa UPC kweyongera nga abalabe balaba obunafu bwa Obote. Ku mutindo gw'ebitundu UPC gye yali efugidde amakanisa agasinga obutasanyuka kwatandika okulemesa abakulembeze b'akakiiko. Ne mu disitulikiti Obote gye yakulira, baagezaako okugoba omukulembeze w'akakiiko k'essaza mu 1966. Ekirala ekyeeraliikiriza UPC kwe kuba nti okulonda okw'eggwanga okuddako kwali kujjawo mu 1967 era awatali buyambi bwa KY (abalina okuwagira DP), era n'okweyongera kw'ebibiina mu UPC, waaliwo akawuka nti UPC yandibadde ewedde obuyinza mu myezi mitono. Obote yalumba KY n'etteeka lya palamenti eriggya ku ntandikwa ya 1966 eryaziyiza KY okugezaako okubuna ebweru wa Buganda. KY yalabise ng'addamu mu palamenti ng'ayitira mu omu ku babaka be abaasigalawo, Daudi Ochieng omulwadde ennyo. Ochieng yali wa njawulo nnyo wadde nga yali ava mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, yali ayingidde waggulu mu KY era yafuuka mukwano gwa Kabaka eyamuwa ettaka mu Buganda. Mu kiseera Obote we yali tali mu Palamenti, Ochieng yayanika obubbi obw'amasavu n'ezaabu okuva e Congo obwali bukoleddwa omuduumizi w'amagye ga Obote, Colonel Idi Amin. Era yagambye nti Obote, Onama ne Neykon bonna baaganyulwa mu nteekateeka eno.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Somerville|first1=Keith|title=Ivory: Power and Poaching in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorypowerpoachi0000some|date=2017|publisher=Hurst|location=London|isbn=9781849046763}}</ref> Palamenti yakkiriziganya n'okusalawo okukangavvula Amin n'okunoonyereza ku Obote. Kino kyayisa bubi gavumenti era ne kireetawo obuzibu mu ggwanga. KY era yalaga obusobozi bwe obw'okulwanyisa Obote okuva munda mu kibiina kye mu lukuŋŋaana lwa UPC Buganda gye yafulumya Godfrey Binaisa (omuwaabi w'amateeka) ng'ali mu kibiina ekikkirizibwa okuba nga kiwagirwa KY, Ibingira n'abantu abalala abawakanya Obote mu Buganda. Okwanukula kwa Obote kwe kukwata Ibingira ne baminisita abalala mu lukiiko lwa kabineeti era n'afuna obuyinza obw'enjawulo mu February 1966. Mu Maaki 1966, Obote era yalangirira nti ofiisi za Pulezidenti ne Ssaabaminisita zaali ziweddewo - n'asindika Kabaka. Obote era yawa Amin obuyinza obusingawo n'amuwa ekifo ky'omuduumizi w'amagye okusinga oyo eyasooka (Opolot) eyalina enkolagana ne Buganda okuyita mu bufumbo (kyoka nga yeesiga nti Opolot yandibadde tayagala kukola bya bujaasi ku Kabaka singa kino kyabaawo). Obote yaggyawo ssemateeka era n'ayimiriza okulonda okwaliwo mu myezi mitono. Obote yagenze ku ttivi ne ku leediyo n'avunaana Kabaka emisango egy'enjawulo omuli okusaba amagye g'ebweru agalabika okuba nga Kabaka yaganoonyerezaako oluvannyuma lw'obulimba nti Amin yali ateekateeka okuwamba gavumenti. Obote yeeyongedde okuggyawo obuyinza bwa Kabaka ng'alangirira, wakati mu bikolwa ebirala: * Okuggyawo obukiiko bw'obuweereza bw'eggwanga obw'obwereere mu bitongole bya federo. Kino kyaggyawo obuyinza bwa Kabaka okulonda abakozi ba gavumenti mu Buganda. * Okuggyawo kkooti enkulu ey'e Buganda nga kiggyawo obuyinza bwonna Kabaka bwe yalina. * Okuteeka Buganda mu bufuzi obw'ebyensimbi wansi w'okufuga okw'amaanyi. * Okuggyawo ettaka ly'abakulembeze ba Buganda. Ettaka y'emu ku nsibuko y'obuyinza Kabaka bw'alina ku bantu be. Empaka kati zaali zitegekeddwawo wakati wa Buganda ne gavumenti ya Buganda. Bannabyafaayo bayinza okwebuuza obanga kino kyali kisobola okwewalibwa okuyitira mu kukkaanya. Kino tekyali kyangu kubanga Obote kati yali awulira nga wa maanyi era ng'alaba Kabaka ng'omunafu. Mazima ddala, Kabaka bwe yakkiriza obukulembeze emyaka ena emabega n'awagira UPC, yagabanyizza abantu be era n'atandika okuwagira omu ku bo. Mu bitongole bya Buganda eby'obufuzi, obuzibu obuva mu ddiini n'okwegomba kw'omuntu byasobozesa ebitongole ebyo obutaba na mugaso era nga tebisobola kuddamu gavumenti. Kabaka yatwalibwanga ng'atafaayo era nga tawuliriza kubuulirira okuva mu bannabyabufuzi abato aba Buganda abaali bategeera bulungi ebyobufuzi ebipya ebyaddirira obwetwaze, obutafaananako bannakatemba abaali batayagala ebyo ebyali bigenda mu maaso kasita emiganyulo gyabwe egy'obuwangwa gyali gikyaliwo. Kabaka yali ayagala nnyo bannakyemalira.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/64 64]}}</ref> Mu Maayi 1966, Kabaka yakola enteekateeka. Yasaba obuyambi okuva ebweru, era palamenti ya Buganda n'eyagala gavumenti ya Uganda eva mu Buganda (nga mw'otwalidde n'ekibuga ekikulu, Kampala). Ng'addamu, Obote yalagira Idi Amin okulumba ekibuga kya Kabaka. Olutalo olw'okuwamba ekibuga kya Kabaka lwali lukambwe nnyo ∙ abakuumi ba Kabaka baayoleka obuvumu bungi okusinga bwe baali basuubira. Aba Bungereza baatendeka Captain Kabaka n'abasajja nga 120 ne bakuuma Idi Amin okumala essaawa 12.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/85 85]}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti abantu nga 2,000 baafiira mu lutalo olwo olwakomekkerezebwa amagye bwe gaakozesa eby'okulwanyisa eby'amaanyi ne gawamba olubiri. Obutemu obwali bulindiriddwa mu byalo mu Buganda tebwaliwo era oluvannyuma lw'essaawa ntono Obote eyali omuyimbi yasisinkana bannamawulire okusanyukira obuwanguzi bwe. Kabaka yadduka ng'ayita mu bbugwe w'olubiri n'atwalibwa mu buwaŋŋanguse e London abawagizi be. Yafiira eyo nga wayise emyaka esatu. === 1966–1971 (before the coup) === Mu 1966, oluvannyuma lw'okulwanagana ku buyinza wakati wa gavumenti eya Obote ne Kabaka Muteesa, Obote yayimiriza ssemateeka n'aggyawo pulezidenti n'omumyuka we. Mu 1967, ssemateeka omuggya yalangirira Uganda ng'eggwanga era n'aggyawo obwakabaka obw'edda. Obote yalangirirwa nga pulezidenti.<ref name="Background" /> === 1971 (after the coup) –1979 (end of Amin regime) === {{Main|History of Uganda (1971–79)}} Oluvannyuma lw'okulwanagana n'amagye nga January 25, 1971, Obote yagobwa ku buyinza era General Idi Amin n'atwala obuyinza mu ggwanga. Amin yafuga Uganda ng'omufuzi wa bufuzi obw'obukambwe ng'ayambibwako amagye okumala emyaka munaana egyaddirira. Yatta abantu bangi mu ggwanga okusobola okukuuma obufuzi bwe. Kigambibwa nti Bannayuganda 500,000 bafiiridde mu bufuzi bwe. Ng'oggyeko ebikolwa bye eby'obukambwe, yaggyawo n'amaanyi bannayuganda okuva mu Uganda.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html "UK Indians taking care of business"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119151852/http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html|date=19 January 2018}}, ''The Age'' (8 March 2006). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>Mu June 1976, bannalukalala ba Palesitayini bawamba ennyonyi ya Air France ne bagikaka okugwa ku kisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Abantu 100 ku abo 250 abaali ku mmeeri eyo baasibibwa okutuusa abasirikale ba Isiraeri lwe baabalokola oluvannyuma lw'ennaku kkumi. Obufuzi bwa Amin bwakomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa Uganda-Tanzania mu 1979, ng'amagye ga Tanzania nga gayambibwako Bannayuganda abaali mu buwaŋŋanguse gaayingira Uganda. === 1979–present === {{Main|History of Uganda (1979–present)}} [[File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg|thumb|Abalwanyi mu lutalo lwa Congo olw'okubiri. Nga 19 December, 2005, kkooti y'ensi yonna yasalawo nti Uganda, mu musango ogwatwalibwa DRC, yali eyingidde mu nsi yaayo mu bukyamu era ng'eyonoonye eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda Court orders Uganda to pay Congo damages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143450/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda|date=2 January 2021}}". ''[[The Guardian]]''. 20 December 2005</ref>]] Yoweri Museveni abadde pulezidenti okuva amagye ge lwe gaamenya gavumenti eyaliko mu January 1986. Ebibiina by'obufuzi mu Uganda byawerebwa mu mirimu gyabyo okuva mu mwaka ogwo, nga kino kyali kigendererwa okukendeeza ku bikolwa eby'ettemu. Mu nteekateeka ya "Movement" eyateekebwawo Museveni, ebibiina by'obufuzi byeyongera okubeerawo, naye byasobola okukola ofiisi y'ekitebe kyokka. Tebaasobola kuggulawo matabi, kukuŋŋaana, oba kulonda bantu butereevu (wadde abalonzi b'ebyokulonda baali basobola okuba ab'ebibiina by'obufuzi). Olukiiko lw'abantu olwakola ku ssemateeka lwaggyawo ekiragiro kino eky'emyaka 19 eky'obufuzi obw'ebibiina bingi mu Jjulaayi 2005. Mu 1993, Ppaapa John Paul II yakyalira Uganda mu lugendo lwe olw'ennaku 6 okukubiriza Bannayuganda okunoonya okutabagana. Mu mikolo gy'abantu abangi, yawa ekitiibwa abakristu abaafiira okukkiriza kwabwe. Mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'ebugwanjuba ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omu Afirika ab'omulembe omuggya. Kyokka, obukulembeze bwe bwonoonese olw'okulumba n'okuwamba Democratic Republic of Congo mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'okubiri owa Congo, ekyaleetawo abantu nga obukadde 5.4 okufa okuva mu 1998, era n'okwenyigira mu ntalo endala mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Ennene mu Afirika. Alwanye okumala emyaka mingi mu lutalo lwa bannayuganda n'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army, eririna omusango gw'ebikolwa eby'obumenyi bw'amateeka bingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuddu bw'abaana, ettemu ly'Atiak, n'ettemu eddala. Entalo eziri mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda ziviiriddeko enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu okufa era n'obukadde n'obukadde okusengulwa. Palamenti yakomya ekkomo ku biseera bya Pulezidenti mu 2005, nga kigambibwa nti Museveni yakozesa ensimbi za gavumenti okusasula doola z'Amerika 2,000 buli mubaka eyawagira ekiteeso ekyo. Okulonda kwa Pulezidenti kwaliwo mu February 2006. Museveni yalwana n'abeesimbyewo abawerako, omukulu ku bo ye Kizza Besigye. Nga February 20, 2011, akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira Pulezidenti Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ng'omulwanyi awangudde akalulu ka 2011. Kyokka, abawakanya gavumenti tebaali bamativu n'ebivudde mu kulonda kuno, nga babavumirira nga bagamba nti bya bulimba. Okusinziira ku byavudde mu kulonda, Museveni awangudde n'ebitundu 68 ku buli 100 by'abalonzi. Kino kyasinga omuyigganya we Besigye, eyali omusawo wa Museveni era n'agamba bannamawulire nti ye n'abawagizi be "beemulugunya ddala" ku byavudde mu kulonda era n'obufuzi bwa Museveni oba omuntu yenna gw'ayinza okulonda. Besigye yayongeddeko nti okulonda okwabadde kutegekeddwa kujja kuleetawo obukulembeze obutali butuukirivu era nti kiri eri Bannayuganda okunoonyereza ku kino. Ekitongole kya European Union eky'okwetegereza okulonda kyaleeta alipoota ku kulongoosa n'obunafu mu nkola y'okulonda mu Uganda: "Kaweefube w'okulonda n'olunaku lw'okulonda byakolebwa mu mirembe. Kyokka, enkola y'ebyokulonda yakosebwa obutali bwenkanya mu by'obufuzi n'eby'obugagga obwali busobola okuziyizibwa ne kireetera abantu bangi mu Uganda okufiirwa eddembe lyabwe ery'okwesalirawo". Okuva mu Agusito 2012, ekibiina kya Anonymous ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu kibadde kyekalakaasa abakungu ba Uganda era nga kikweka ku mikutu gya Gavumenti olw'ebiteeso byayo ebikontana n'obwenzi. Ab'ensi ezimu abagaba ensimbi baatiisatiisa okukomya obuyambi bw'ensimbi eri eggwanga singa ebbago erirwanyisa abalyi b'ebisiyaga likyagenda mu maaso.<ref>Roberts, Scott (14 November 2012) [http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/ Pressure on Uganda builds over anti-gay law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115234405/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/|date=15 November 2012}}. pinknews.co.uk</ref> Ebintu ebiraga nti mutabani wa Pulezidenti, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, y'agenda okudda mu bigere bya Pulezidenti, byongedde okutabangula embeera. Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni akulembedde eggwanga okuva mu 1986 era yasembayo okulondebwa mu kalulu ka pulezidenti aka January 2021. Okusinziira ku byavudde mu kulonda, Museveni awangudde akalulu nga yafunye ebitundu 58 ku buli kikumi, ate Bobi Wine eyafuuka munnabyabufuzi yafuna ebitundu 35 ku buli kikumi. Ab'oludda oluvuganya beebuuza ku buwanguzi olw'okuvunaanibwa obukumpanya n'obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583|title=Uganda election: Bobi Wine challenges result in court &#124; DW &#124; 01.02.2021|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301143714/https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887|title=Uganda elections 2021: Museveni takes lead as Bobi Wine cries foul|work=BBC News|date=16 January 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310035143/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887|url-status=live}}</ref>Omuvuganya omulala yali John Katumba ow'emyaka 24.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Independent|first1=The|title=Presidential candidate John Katumba publishes his memoir|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/|website=The Independent Uganda|date=9 January 2021|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701070601/https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ekifo Uganda gy'eri == {{Main|Geography of Uganda}} Uganda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba bwa Afirika wakati wa 1o S ne 4o N obuwanvu, era wakati wa 30o E ne 35o E obuwanvu. Ensi yaayo ya njawulo nnyo, era erimu ensozi, ennyanja, n'ensozi. Ensi eno eri ku ffuuti 900 waggulu w'ennyanja. Ensozi ziri ku nsalo za Uganda ez'ebuvanjuba n'ez'ebugwanjuba. Olusozi Ruwenzori lwe lusingayo obuwanvu mu Uganda. === Ennyanja n'emigga === Ekitundu ekisinga obunene eky'ebukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga lino kirimu n'eriba erisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eriyitibwa Victoria, eririmu ebizinga bingi. Ebibuga ebisinga obukulu biri mu bukiikaddyo, okumpi n'eriba lino, omuli ekibuga ekikulu Kampala n'ekibuga Entebbe ekiri okumpi. Ennyanja Kyoga eri mu masekkati g'eggwanga era yeetooloddwa ebitundu eby'ebinyeebwa.<ref>{{Britannica|325970}}</ref> Wadde nga Uganda teri na nnyanja, erimu ennyanja nnyingi. Ng'oggyeko amazzi ga Victoria ne Kyoga, waliwo n'amazzi ga Albert, Lake Edward, ne Lake George. Ekitundu kino kisangibwa kumpi mu mazzi ga mugga Kiyira. Omugga Victorian Nile guva mu nnyanja ya Victoria ne gusigala mu nnyanja ya Kyoga n'oluvannyuma mu nnyanja ya Albert ku nsalo ya Congo. Oluvannyuma lugenda ebukiikakkono mu South Sudan. Ekitundu ekimu ekiri mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda kiriko omugga Suam oguyita mu mazzi. Ekitundu eky'ebukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bwa Uganda kifuluma ne kiyingira mu kiwonvu ekiyitibwa Lotikipi, ekisangibwa mu Kenya.<ref name="DataBasin">{{cite web|url=http://databasin.org/maps/new#datasets=878c064ec5d8440493f9924f90b58af1|title=Maps|website=Data Basin|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906155539/http://databasin.org/maps/new#datasets=878c064ec5d8440493f9924f90b58af1|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ebintu eby'enjawulo ebiramu n'okukuuma ebiramu === {{Main|Conservation in Uganda}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg|thumb|Uganda map of Köppen climate classification.]] Uganda erina ebifo 60 ebikuumibwa, omuli ebifo bya ggwanga kkumi: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park ne Rwenzori Mountains National Park (byonna ebiri ku UNESCO World Heritage Sites), Kibale National Park, Kidepo Valley National Park, Lake Mburo National Park, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Mount Elgon National Park, Murchison Falls National Park, Queen Elizabeth National Park, ne Semuliki National Park. Uganda erimu ebika by'ebisolo bingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebisolo ebiyitibwa mountain gorillas mu Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, ebiyitibwa gorillas ne golden monkeys mu Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, n'ebisolo ebiyitibwa hippos mu Murchison Falls National Park. Enva endiirwa nazo zisangibwa mu nsi yonna. Eggwanga lino lyali lifunye omuwendo gwa Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 2019 oguli wakati wa 4.36/10, ne libeera mu kifo 128 mu nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Gavumenti ne byabufuzi == {{unreferenced section|date=March 2017}} {{Main|Politics of Uganda}} Pulezidenti wa Uganda ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era nga mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Pulezidenti alonda omumyuka wa pulezidenti ne katikkiro okumuyamba mu bufuzi. Palamenti efumbibwa olukiiko lw'eggwanga oluliko abakiise 449. Bano kuliko abakiikirira ebifo 290 ebyokulonda, abakiikirira abakyala 116 ab'ebitundu, abakiikirira 10 ab'Ekibinja kya Uganda People's Defense Forces, abakiikirira abavubuka 5, abakiikirira abakozi 5, abakiikirira abantu abaliko obulemu 5, n'abakiikirira abakiikirira abakazi 18 ab'omu ofiisi..<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Uganda {{!}} State House Uganda|url=https://www.statehouse.go.ug/about-uganda|access-date=19 June 2022|website=www.statehouse.go.ug|archive-date=18 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618075533/https://statehouse.go.ug/about-uganda|url-status=live}}</ref> === Foreign relations === {{Further|Foreign relations of Uganda|}} Uganda y'emu ku mawanga agali mu East African Community (EAC), wamu ne Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, ne South Sudan. Okusinziira ku ndagaano ya East African Common Market eya 2010, eby'obusuubuzi n'okutambuza abantu mu ddembe birungi, nga mw'otwalidde n'eddembe okubeera mu ggwanga eddala ery'omubaka olw'emirimu. Kyokka, endagaano eno teyateekebwa mu nkola olw'okukkiriza omulimu n'ebizibu ebirala eby'obulabirizi, eby'amateeka, n'eby'ensimbi. Uganda y'omu ku batandikawo ekibiina kya Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), ekirimu amawanga munaana omuli gavumenti ez'omu Horn of Africa, Nile Valley, ne African Great Lakes. Ekitebe kyayo ekikulu kiri mu kibuga Djibouti. Uganda era y'omu ku b'ekibiina kya Islamic Cooperation.<ref name="oicmems">{{cite web|title=Member States|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/|website=OIC|access-date=1 November 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101030126/https://www.oic-oci.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|U.S. President [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] met with President Yoweri Museveni in Entebbe, Uganda, 11 July 2003.]] === Military === {{Further|Uganda People's Defence Force}} Mu Uganda, Uganda People's Defence Force ekola ng'amagye. Omuwendo gw'abaserikale mu Uganda gukubisaamu 45,000. Eggye lya Uganda likwatibwako mu mirimu egiwerako egy'okukuuma emirembe n'okulwanyisa mu kitundu kino, ng'abanoonyereza bagamba nti amagye ga Amerika ge gokka agasangibwa mu nsi nnyingi. Uganda erina abaserikale mu bitundu by'obukiika kkono n'obuvanjuba bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne mu Central African Republic, Somalia, ne South Sudan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/CharlesOnyangoObbo/With-Somalia--CAR--and-South-Sudan--Museveni/-/878504/2137720/-/eb4y1nz/-/index.html|title=With Somalia, CAR, and South Sudan, Museveni is remaking the state – Charles Onyango Obbo|publisher=Monitor.co.ug|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014713/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/CharlesOnyangoObbo/With-Somalia--CAR--and-South-Sudan--Museveni/-/878504/2137720/-/eb4y1nz/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Corruption === {{main|Corruption in Uganda}} Ekitongole kya Transparency International kigambye nti ekitongole kya gavumenti mu Uganda kye kimu ku bitongole ebirimu obulyi bw'enguzi obusingirayo ddala mu nsi yonna. Mu 2016, Uganda yali ku ddaala ery'omulundi ogwa 151 ku 176 era yafuna obubonero 25 ku mutendera okuva ku 0 (olw'okulya enguzi) okutuuka ku 100 (olw'okubeera omuyonjo). Aba World Bank's 2015 Worldwide Governance Indicators batadde Uganda mu bitundu 12 eby'ensi ebisinga obubi. Okusinziira ku lipoota y'ekitongole kya Amerika ekikola ku nsonga z'eddembe ly'obuntu eya 2012 ekwata ku Uganda, "Bbanka y'Ensi Yonna gye buvuddeko awo yalaga nti obulyi bw'enguzi bucaase nnyo" era nti "buli mwaka eggwanga lifiirwa obuwumbi 768.9 (doola obukadde 286) olw'obulyi bw'enguzi". Abakiise ba Uganda mu 2014 baafuna emirundi 60 okusinga abakozi ba gavumenti abasinga obungi, era baasaba okwongerwako ssente nnyingi. Kino kyavuddemu okwemulugunya n'obwegugungo, omuli n'okukumpanya enkoko bbiri mu palamenti mu June 2014 okulaga enguzi eri mu ba palamenti. Abayeekera, abaakwatibwa, bakozesezza ekigambo "MPigs" okulaga okwemulugunya kwabwe. Ekikangabwa ekimu, ekyalina ebivaako eby'amaanyi mu mawanga gonna era ne kilaga nti waliwo obulyi bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti eby'oku ntikko, kwe kubba ssente za ddoola obukadde 12.6 okuva mu ofiisi ya Katikkiro mu 2012. Ssente ezo "zaali za kukozesebwa mu kuzimba ekitundu ekisangibwa mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, ekyali kizikiriziddwa olutalo olwamala emyaka 20, ne mu Karamoja, ekitundu ekisinga okubaamu obwavu mu Uganda". Ensonga eno yaleetera EU, UK, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, ne Norway okuyimiriza obuyambi. Okulya enguzi okw'amaanyi n'okutono okwabaddewo mu bakozi ba gavumenti n'enteekateeka z'obufuzi nabyo bikosezza nnyo embeera y'ebyensimbi mu Uganda. Ekimu ku bitundu omuli obutali bwenkanya obw'amaanyi y'ebigaba ebya gavumenti, omuteekebwawo ssente ezitasangikasangika okuva mu bakozi b'ebigaba. Ekirala ekiyinza okwongera ku buzibu buno kwe kuba nti amafuta tegaliiwo. Etteeka lya Petroleum Bill, eryassibwawo palamenti mu 2012 era nga NRM eriyitibwa okuleeta obwenkanya mu kitongole ky'amafuta, lyalemeddwa okusanyusa bannabyabufuzi ab'omunda n'ab'eby'enfuna ab'omunda n'ab'ensi yonna. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Angelo Izama, omunoonyereza ku by'amasannyalaze mu Uganda ku Open Society Foundation ey'omu Amerika yagamba nti etteeka eriggya lifaanana "okuwa Museveni n'obufuzi bwe ekyuma ekikola ssente". Okusinziira ku kitongole ekiyitibwa Global Witness ekyafulumizibwa mu 2012, Uganda kati erina "amafuta mangi nnyo agasobola okuzzaawo amagoba ga gavumenti emirundi ebiri mu myaka mukaaga oba kkumi, era nga gagenda kuweza doola z'Amerika obuwumbi 2.4 buli mwaka". Etteeka erikwata ku bitongole ebitakola gwa gavumenti (Amendment) Act, eryassibwawo mu 2006, liziyizza ebikozesebwa by'ebitongole ebitakola bya gavumenti olw'okuteekawo obuzibu mu kuyingira, emirimu, ensimbi n'okukuŋŋaana mu kitongole kino. Enkola z'okuwandiisa ezizitowa era ezitali nnongoofu (ekitegeeza, okwetaaga okubuulirira okuva mu bakozi ba gavumenti; okuwandiisa obuggya buli mwaka), okufuga emirimu mu ngeri etasaanira (ekitegeeza, okwetaagisa gavumenti okutegeeza nga tennabaako muntu yenna gw'ayogerako mu kitundu ekitwala ebitongole ebitakola bya gavumenti), n'ekigendererwa nti ssente zonna ez'ebweru zigenda okuyita mu Bbanka ya Uganda, n'ebirala, bikugira nnyo omulimu gw'ekitongole ekyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, eddembe ly'okwogera ly'ekitundu lino lyeyongedde okumenyebwa nga bakozesa okutya, era etteeka lya Public Order Management Bill (erikugira ennyo eddembe ly'okukuŋŋaana) lijja kwongera ku by'okulwanyisa bya gavumenti..<ref>The International Center for Not-For-Profit Law. (2012). [http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html NGO Law Monitor: Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191439/http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html|date=29 October 2013}}.</ref> === Human rights === {{Main|Human rights in Uganda}} Waliwo ebitundu bingi ebyeyongera okuleeta okweraliikirira ku nsonga y'eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. Entalo eziri mu bitundu by'obukiika kkono bw'eggwanga zeeyongedde okuleeta alipoota z'ebikolwa eby'obukambwe ebyakolebwa abajeemu aba Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), abakulemberwa Joseph Kony, n'amagye ga Uganda. Omukungu wa UN yalumiriza LRA mu Febwali 2009 ku "bukambwe obw'entiisa" mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Omuwendo gw'abantu ab'omu nsi yonna abanoonyi b'obubudamu gukubisaamu obukadde 1.4. Okubonyaabonyezebwa kukyagenda mu maaso nga nkola ebucaase mu bitongole by'ebyokwerinda. Okulumba eddembe ly'eby'obufuzi mu ggwanga lino, omuli okukwatibwa n'okukuba ababaka ba palamenti ab'oludda oluvuganya, kuleetedde amawanga gonna okunenyezebwa, ekyavuddeko gavumenti ya Bungereza okusalawo mu May 2005 okulekera awo okuwa eggwanga eryo obuyambi. Okukwatibwa kw'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya Kizza Besigye n'okusibibwa kwa kkooti enkulu mu kiseera ky'okuwulira omusango gwa Besigye ng'akozesa amagye agaliko ebyokulwanyisa eby'amaanyi nga tebannalondebwa mu February 2006 kyaviirako okuvumirirwa. Okukozesa abaana emirimu kya bulijjo mu Uganda. Abaana bangi abakola mu bulimi. Abaana abakola ku faamu z'omukka mu Uganda beetooloddwa endwadde. Abaana abaweereza awaka mu Uganda bali mu kabi k'okunyigirizibwa. Okutunda abaana kubaawo. Obuddu n'emirimu egy'obukakafu biragiddwa mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Olukiiko lwa Amerika olw'Abanoonyi b'obubudamu n'abanoonyi b'obubudamu lwategeezezza ku kusobya ku ddembe ly'abanoonyi b'obubudamu mu 2007, omuli okugoba abantu mu Uganda n'ebikolwa eby'obukambwe eri abanoonyi b'obubudamu. Okubonyaabonyezebwa n'okuttibwa awatali musango kibadde kizibu kya maanyi mu Uganda mu myaka egiyise. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okusinziira ku lipoota ya U.S. State Department eya 2012, "Ekitongole kya Afirika eky'Okutereeza n'Okujjanjaba Abo Abaakosebwa Okubonyaabonyezebwa kyawandiisa emisango 170 egy'okubonyaabonyezebwa ku poliisi, 214 ku UPDF, 1 ku poliisi y'amagye, 23 ku kitongole kya Special Investigations Unit, 361 ku bantu abatali bategeerekeka ab'ebyokwerinda, ne 24 ku bakungu ba kkomera" wakati wa Jjanwali ne Ssebutemba 2012. Mu Ssebutemba 2009, Museveni yagaana Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi, kabaka wa Baganda, olukusa okugenda mu bitundu ebimu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda, naddala disitulikiti y'e Kayunga. Wabaddewo obwegugungo era abantu abasukka mu 40 battiddwa ate abalala bakyali mu makomera. Okugatta ku ekyo, abantu abalala 9 battiddwa mu April 2011 mu kwekalakaasa kwa "Walk to Work". Okusinziira ku lupapula lwa Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report ku Uganda, gavumenti eremeddwa okunoonyereza ku kuttibwa okwali kukwataganyizibwa n'ebintu bino byombi.<ref>Human Rights Watch. (2013). [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda World Report 2013 (Uganda)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701082641/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda|date=1 July 2016}}.</ref> ==== LGBT rights ==== {{Main|LGBT rights in Uganda}} {{See also|The Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014}} [[File:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg|left|thumb|Protests in [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]] against Uganda's [[:en:Anti-Homosexuality_Bill|Anti-Homosexuality Bill]].]] Mu 2007, olupapula lw'amawulire oluyitibwa Red Pepper, lwafulumya olukalala lw'abasajja abagambibwa okuba nti basongasonga, era bangi ku bo baatulugunyizibwa. Nga 9 Okitobba 2010, olupapula lw'amawulire olw'omu Uganda oluyitibwa Rolling Stone lwafulumya ekitundu ku lupapula olusooka ekyalina omutwe ogugamba nti "Ebifaananyi 100 eby'Abalyi b'ebisiyaga ab'oku ntikko mu Uganda" ekyaliko amannya, amadirisa, n'ebifaananyi by'abalyi b'ebisiyaga 100 okumpi n'akabonero aka zaabu akaaliko ebigambo "Basibe". Olupapula olwo era lwagamba nti abalyi b'ebisiyaga baali baagala okuyingira abaana ba Uganda. Ekiwandiiko kino kyaleetawo okutunuulirwa okw'ensi yonna n'okunenya okuva mu bitongole by'eddembe ly'obuntu, nga Amnesty International, No Peace Without Justice ne International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Okusinziira ku bannanyini ddembe ly'abayaaye, bannayuganda bangi balumbiddwa okuva lwe kyafulumizibwa. Nga January 27, 2011, omukuumi w'eddembe ly'abasajja abeefaako bokka David Kato yattibwa. Mu 2009, palamenti ya Uganda yatunuulira etteeka erirwanyisa obukaba eryandiyongedde obumenyi bw'amateeka bw'obukaba nga liteekawo ekibonerezo kya kufa eri abantu abalina emisango egy'emabega, oba abalina akawuka ka siriimu, era abenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba eby'ekika kye kimu. Etteeka lino era lyalimu ebiragiro ku Bannayuganda abeenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba okw'ekika kye kimu ebweru wa Uganda, nga bagamba nti bayinza okuzzibwayo e Uganda okubonerezebwa, era lyalimu ebibonerezo ku bantu kinnoomu, amakampuni, ebitongole by'amawulire, oba ebitongole ebitaba bya gavumenti ebiwagira obukuumi mu mateeka ku kwetaba oba sodomy. Etteeka lino lyateekebwawo omubaka David Bahati mu Uganda nga 14 Okitobba 2009, era lyagambibwa okuba nga lyali liwagiddwa nnyo mu palamenti ya Uganda. Ekibinja kya bannalukalala ekya Anonymous kyayingira ku mikutu gya gavumenti ya Uganda nga bawakanya etteeka lino. Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kwakendeera olw'okulumirirwa okw'ensi yonna naye oluvannyuma lyassibwa mu nkola nga 20 December 2013 era ne lyassibwa omukono Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni nga 24 February 2014. Ekibonerezo kya kufa kyaggibwawo mu tteeka eryasembayo. Etteeka lino lyavumirirwa nnyo ekibiina ky'ensi yonna. Denmark, Netherlands, ne Sweden zaategeezezza nti zigenda kulekera awo okuwa obuyambi. Bbanka y'Ensi yonna nga 28 Febwali 2014 yagamba nti yali agenda kukyusaayo ssente za ddoola z'Amerika obukadde 90, ate Amerika n'egamba nti yali yeekenneenya enkolagana ne Uganda. Nga 1 August 2014, Kkooti ya Uganda ey'Etteeka yavumirira etteeka lino nga teririna mugaso kubanga teryayisibwa bulungi. Lipoota y'amawulire eya 13 August 2014 yagambye nti Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda avuddeyo ku nteekateeka zonna ez'okujulira, okusinziira ku kiragiro kya Pulezidenti Museveni eyali yeeraliikirivu olw'ebikolwa by'ebweru w'eggwanga ku tteeka lino era eyagamba nti etteeka lyonna eriggya teririna kussa mu nkola mpisa za bannaabwe ab'ekikula ekimu. Enkulaakulana ku lukalu lwa Afirika ebadde ya kaseera katono naye ng'egenda mu maaso nga South Africa ye nsi yokka eri mu ggwanga erikkiriza obufumbo obw'ekika kye kimu. Nga 21 March 2023, palamenti ya Uganda yakkiriza etteeka eryandifudde okweyanjula ng'omugenzi okubonerezebwa obulamu bwonna mu kkomera n'ekibonerezo kya kufa eri omuntu yenna avunaanibwa "obwenzi obw'amaanyi".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nicholls|first=Larry Madowo,Catherine|date=2023-03-21|title=Uganda parliament passes bill criminalizing identifying as LGBTQ, imposes death penalty for some offenses|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/21/africa/uganda-lgbtq-law-passes-intl/index.html|access-date=2023-03-22|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Atuhaire|first=Patience|date=2023-03-21|title=Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343|access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref> ==== Homosexuality ==== {{Undue weight|date=March 2023}} {{See also|Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 2023}}{{align|right|{{Highlighted world map by country|scale = 60|US=darkblue|CA=darkblue|MX=yellow|GB=darkblue|IS=yellow|NO=yellow|SE=lightblue|FI=lightblue|EE=lightblue|LV=lightblue|LT=lightblue|PL=lightblue|DE=darkblue|DK=lightblue|NL=lightblue|BE=lightblue|FR=lightblue|ES=lightblue|PT=lightblue|IT=lightblue|CH=yellow|IE=lightblue|GL=yellow|CZ=lightblue|SK=lightblue|RU=yellow|BY=yellow|UA=yellow|RO=lightblue|AT=lightblue|GR=lightblue|TR=yellow|BG=lightblue|RS=yellow|MK=yellow|AL=yellow|HU=lightblue|SI=lightblue|BA=yellow|ME=yellow|HR=lightblue|KZ=yellow|MN=yellow|CN=yellow|KP=yellow|KR=yellow|JP=yellow|TW=yellow|PH=yellow|UZ=yellow|KG=yellow|TJ=yellow|AF=yellow|PK=yellow|IN=yellow|NP=yellow|BT=yellow|BD=yellow|MM=yellow|TH=yellow|VN=yellow|KH=yellow|LA=yellow|IR=yellow|LK=yellow|ID=yellow|MY=yellow|PG=yellow|AU=yellow|NZ=yellow|SA=yellow|YE=yellow|OM=yellow|AE=yellow|BH=yellow|QA=yellow|IQ=yellow|SY=yellow|JO=yellow|IL=yellow|EG=yellow|LY=yellow|TN=yellow|DZ=yellow|MA=yellow|EH=yellow|MG=yellow|MR=yellow|CU=yellow|SD=yellow|SS=yellow|ER=yellow|DJ=yellow|ET=yellow|SO=yellow|BR=yellow|UY=yellow|AR=yellow|CL=yellow|KW=yellow|PY=yellow|BO=yellow|PE=yellow|EC=yellow|CO=yellow|VE=yellow|PA=yellow|GY=yellow|SR=yellow|CR=yellow|NI=yellow|HN=yellow|SV=yellow|GT=yellow|HT=yellow|DO=yellow|NE=yellow|ML=yellow|BF=yellow|NG=yellow|CM=yellow|CF=yellow|TD=yellow|KE=yellow|ZA=yellow|NA=yellow|BW=yellow|CD=yellow|CG=yellow|GA=yellow|GQ=yellow|BZ=yellow|AZ=yellow|AM=yellow|GE=yellow|SN=yellow|GM=yellow|GW=yellow|SL=yellow|CI=yellow|GN=yellow|PR=yellow|JM=yellow|AO=yellow|ZM=yellow|MZ=yellow|ZW=yellow|MW=yellow|TZ=yellow|UG=black|BI=yellow|RW=yellow|BS=yellow|TK=yellow|BJ=yellow|TG=yellow|GH=yellow|TT=yellow|LR=yellow|FK=yellow|CY=lightblue|TM=yellow|LB=yellow|FJ=yellow|SB=yellow|NC=yellow|VU=yellow|MD=yellow|PS=yellow|LU=yellow|BN=yellow}} {{legend|darkblue|Countries opposing the bill}} {{legend|lightblue|European Union countries without statements}} {{legend|darkred|Countries supporting the bill}} {{legend|yellow|No statement}} {{legend|black|Uganda}}}}Nga March 09, 2023 Asuman Basalirwa, omubaka wa palamenti okuva mu 2018 okuva mu ludda oluvuganya nga akiikirira Munisipaali y'e Bugiri ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya Justice Forum yateekawo etteeka [pdf bill] erigenda okuvumirira okwegatta kw'abalyi b'ebisiyaga n'okutumbula oba okukkiriza enkolagana ng'ezo. Naye era kituufu nti abantu bakola ensobi. Njagala okugamba nti obukaba kibi eri abantu ekikontana n'amateeka ga Uganda era nga bulabula obutukuvu bw'amaka, obukuumi bw'abaana baffe n'okweyongera kw'obuntu okuyitira mu kuzaala. Omukulembeze wa palamenti, Annet Anita Among, atadde etteeka lino mu kakiiko k'olukiiko olw'eby'obufuzi, nga guno gwe mutendera ogusoose mu nkola ey'okukyusa etteeka lino okufuuka etteeka. Omukulembeze w'olukiiko lwabadde agambye nti: "Twagala okusiima abawagizi baffe ab'obwenzi olw'enkulaakulana y'eby'enfuna gye baleese mu ggwanga, nga twogera ku mawanga g'ebugwanjuba n'abo abagaba. Naye tetusiima nti batta empisa. Tetwetaaga ssente zaabwe, twetaaga obuwangwa bwaffe. Mu kusaba okwali mu palamenti era nga n'abakulembeze b'eddiini bangi be baaliwo. Omwogezi yeeyamye okuteeka etteeka lino mu mateeka ku buli kigero okusobola okukuuma obuwangwa bwa Uganda n'obufuzi bwayo. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-08|title=Anti-gay law will be passed at whatever cost, says Speaker|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/anti-gay-law-will-be-passed-at-whatever-cost-says-speaker-4150612|access-date=2023-03-16|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Amerika yasalira etteeka lino omusango. Mu lukungaana lwa White House Press nga March 22, 2023, Karine Jean-Pierre yategeezezza. "Eddembe ly'obuntu lya muwendo nnyo. Tewali muntu n'omu asaanidde kulumbibwa, kusibibwa, oba okuttibwa olw'engeri gy'alimu oba olw'omuntu gw'ayagala". Mu nnaku ezaddirira, okwemulugunya okulala kwava mu Bungereza, Canada, Bugirimaani, n'Ekibiina kya Bulaaya. === Administrative divisions === {{main|Administrative divisions of Uganda}} {{As of|2022}},Uganda eyawuddwamu ebitundu bina ne disitulikiti 136. Ebifo by'ebyalo eby'ebitundu bigabanyizibwamu ebibiina, ebibiina, n'ebyalo. Akakiiko k'ebibuga n'ebibuga kalondebwa mu bibuga by'amasaza. Ebitundu by'obufuzi mu Uganda biweereddwa obuyambi n'obumu ekibiina kya Uganda Local Governments Association (ULGA), ekitongole ekikola ku bwereere era ekitalina kigendererwa kya kunoonya magoba era ekikola ng'olukiiko olw'okuwagira n'okuwa obulagirizi gavumenti za Uganda eziri wansi w'eggwanga. Ng'oggyeko gavumenti, obwakabaka bwa Bantu butaano buzze bubeerawo, nga bufuna obwetwaze. Obwakabaka buno bwe Toro, Busoga, Bunyoro, Buganda, ne Rwenzururu. Okugatta ku ekyo, ebibiina ebimu bigezaako okuzzaawo Ankole ng'omu ku bwakabaka obw'obuwangwa obwategeerekeka mu butongole, kyokka nga tebinnavaamu kalungi. Obwakabaka obulala bungi n'ebika by'abaami bitegeerekese mu butongole gavumenti, omuli obumu bw'ebika by'abaami eby'e Alur, obwakabaka bwa Iteso, obwakabaka bwa Lango n'obwakabaka bwa Padhola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/86107/uganda-a-rough-guide-to-the-country-s-kingdoms|title=A rough guide to the country's kingdoms|date=11 September 2009|access-date=30 November 2014|archive-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205023326/http://www.irinnews.org/report/86107/uganda-a-rough-guide-to-the-country-s-kingdoms|url-status=live}}</ref> == Laba ne == {{portal|Uganda|Africa}} * [[:en:Index_of_Uganda-related_articles|Index of Uganda-related articles]] * [[:en:Outline_of_Uganda|Outline of Uganda]] == Ebyokulabirako == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ebirala eby'kusomako == ; Encyclopedias {{Refbegin}} * Appiah, Anthony and Henry Louis Gates (ed.) (2010). ''Encyclopaedia of Africa''. Oxford University Press. * Middleton, John (ed.) (2008). ''New encyclopaedia of Africa''. Detroit: Thompson-Gale. * Shillington, Kevin (ed.) (2005). ''Encyclopedia of African history''. CRC Press. {{Refend}} ; Ebitabo ebilondeddwa n'ebiwandiiko by'abayivu {{Refbegin}} * BakamaNume, Bakama B. (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=E-u-oqGczPsC&source=gbs_ViewAPI A Contemporary Geography of Uganda]''. African Books Collective. * {{cite book|title=Uganda (Cultures of the World)|author=Robert Barlas|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3RYYPSq8JoC|isbn=9780761409816|oclc=41299243|ref=none}} overview written for younger readers. * Carney, J. J. ''For God and My Country: Catholic Leadership in Modern Uganda'' (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2020). * Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). ''The great lakes of Africa: two thousand years of history''. New York: Zone Books. * Clarke, Ian, ed. ''Uganda - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714061651/https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992|date=14 July 2022}} * Datzberger, Simone, and Marielle L.J. Le Mat. "Just add women and stir?: Education, gender and peacebuilding in Uganda." ''International Journal of Educational Development'' 59 (2018): 61-69 [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%20Education%20gender%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Uganda%20-%20Revisions%20tracked%20changes.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417063530/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%20Education%20gender%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Uganda%20-%20Revisions%20tracked%20changes.pdf|date=17 April 2021}}. * Griffin, Brett, Robert Barlas, and Jui Lin Yong. ''Uganda.'' (Cavendish Square Publishing, 2019). * Hepner, Tricia Redeker. "At the Boundaries of Life and Death: Notes on Eritrea and Northern Uganda." ''African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review'' 10.1 (2020): 127-142 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425044047/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06|date=25 April 2021}}. * Hodd, Michael and Angela Roche ''Uganda handbook''. (Bath: Footprint, 2011). * Izama, Angelo. "Uganda." ''Africa Yearbook'' Volume 16. Brill, 2020 pp.&nbsp;413–422. * Jagielski, Wojciech and Antonia Lloyd-Jones (2012). ''The night wanderers: Uganda's children and the Lord's Resistance Army''. New York: Seven Stories Press. {{ISBN|9781609803506}} * Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert, ''Uganda: a modern history'' (1981) [https://archive.org/details/ugandamodernhist00jrge online] * Langole, Stephen, and David Monk. "Background to peace and conflict in northern Uganda." in ''Youth, education and work in (post-) conflict areas'' (2019): 16+ [https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf#page=22 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119194009/https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf#page=22|date=19 January 2021}}. * Otiso, Kefa M. (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rMnkcZsv_eEC&source=gbs_ViewAPI Culture and Customs of Uganda]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. * Reid, Richard J. ''A history of modern Uganda'' (Cambridge University Press, 2017), the standard scholarly history. [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55348 Buy from Amazon - online review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127162144/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55348|date=27 January 2021}} * Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. "The State of Press Freedom in Uganda". ''International Journal of Communication'' 14 (2020): 20+. [https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415075411/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948|date=15 April 2021}} {{Refend}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == {{Sister project links|voy=Uganda}} === Overview === * Uganda. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]''. [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. * Uganda from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. * Country Profile from [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. * Uganda Corruption Profile from the [[:en:Business-Anti-Corruption_Portal|Business Anti-Corruption Portal]] * {{curlie|Regional/Africa/Uganda}} === Maapu === * Printable map of Uganda from UN.org * {{wikiatlas|Uganda}} * {{osmrelation-inline|192796}} === Gavumenti n'eby'enfuna === * Chief of State and Cabinet Members * Key Development Forecasts for Uganda from [[:en:International_Futures|International Futures]] === Humanitarian issues === * Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Uganda * Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb * Radio France International – dossier on Uganda and Lord's Resistance Army ; Eby'obusuubuzi * World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Uganda === Eby'obulambuzi === * Uganda Tourism Board * Uganda Wildlife Authority * Visit Kampala with Kampala Capital City Authority * Immigration Department {{Uganda topics}}{{Districts of Uganda}}{{Navboxes|list={{Countries of Africa}} {{African Union}} {{Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}}<!--Please leave the empty space as per [[WP:CATMAIN]].--> <!--Ebola virus?: [[Category:Eboli virus]]--> [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agatasalagana n'assemayanja]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] ltoyvgu8h0y1wfizlcirb35ucnjq3vo BBC News 0 10800 78145 75266 2026-11-07T23:57:59Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |url=https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1/page/331 331]–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig/page/80 80]–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> == Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota == Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122458/https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya mawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]].<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. == <big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big> == '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> == <small>Laba ne</small> == * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] == <small>Ebijuliziddwa</small> == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == * {{Official website}} * {{Onion Official site|bbcnewsd73hkzno2ini43t4gblxvycyac5aw4gnv7t2rccijh7745uqd}} * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2008/apr/18/bbc.television?picture=333595256 BBC News in focus: Photos from the past six decades] [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]] * [[iarchive:TV-BBCNEWS|BBC NEWS Internet Arc]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu Bungereza mu 1922]] [[Category:Obuweereza bw'amawulire mu nnimi ez'enjawulo]] [[Category:Amawulire ku ttivvi mu Bungereza]] [[Category:Ebitongole bya BBC]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za Peabody Awards]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za International Emmy Awards Current Affairs & News]] [[Category:Obuweereza bwa Tor Onion Services]] [[Category:Emikutu gya YouTube egyatongozebwa mu 2006]] 8w4ntjn8k50ply5pqw5g28jf04ec6v5 Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda mu ggwanga 0 10804 78183 75583 2026-11-08T01:25:03Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78183 wikitext text/x-wiki Ono ye minisita mu lukiiko lwa baminisita oba Kabinet aba avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga ez'omunda mu ggwanga. Mu mawanga manji naddala ago agali mu luse olumu ne Bungereza (Commonwealth) oba ago agaafugibwa Bungereza nga amatwale minisita ono aba avunaanyizibwa butereevu ku Poliisi y'egwanga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://mia.go.ug/about-us |access-date=2024-08-08 |archive-date=2024-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808115010/https://mia.go.ug/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kuwandiisa abantu n'okugaba obutuuze, ekitongole kyamakomera, nebirala <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Internal Affairs {{!}} Uganda National Web Portal |url=https://gou.go.ug/ministry/ministry-internal-affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918192205/https://gou.go.ug/ministry/ministry-internal-affairs |archive-date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.gou.go.ug |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref>ebiringa ebyo era etwalibwa okuba emu ku minisitule ezenkizo mu mawanga manji [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] 2mfjinmtyclohc0u70cq79vyum2en3i Olugave 0 10820 78188 71533 2026-11-08T01:41:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78188 wikitext text/x-wiki Olugave kyekimu ku bitonde eby'omunsiko mu ggwanga [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Kino era muziro eri ekimu ku bika bya [[Baganda]] ekiyitibwa '''eky'olugave'''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://buganda.or.ug/clan/lugave-clan/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829094432/https://buganda.or.ug/clan/lugave-clan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugave_Clan</ref> Olugave lulimu ebika eby'enjawulo era nga ebimu bisangibwa ku lukalu lwa [[Asia]], ate ebirala byo nebisangibwa mu mawanga agali mu bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara ku lukalu lw'omuddugavu [[Afirika]]. <ref>{{cite journal|last=Gaudin|first=Timothy|date=28 August 2009|title=The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis|journal=[[Journal of Mammalian Evolution]]|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|location=Heidelberg, Germany|volume=16|issue=4|pages=235–305|doi=10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9|s2cid=1773698|url=http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134257/http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu ntondebwa n'enkula y'olugave luteera kubeera mu kigero yinsi 11.811 ze cm30 okutuukira ddala ku cm 100 oba yinsi 39.3701. Olugave luba nebikalakampa nga byebibika olususu lwabyo nga enviiri bwezibika olususu ku mutwe gw'omuntu.Ebikalakampa ebibika olususu lw'olugave lbyanjawulo kuba byatondebwa mu kirungo kyekimu n'ekyo omwatondebwa enjala z'engalo n'ebigere eby'omuntu. Kino kyekitonde kyokka ekimanyiddwa okuba n'olususu olw'ekikula kino ku ebyo ebiwangaalira ku ttale oba ku lukalu. Ebikalakampa bino biba bikalubu era nga bigulumivu ddala okusobola okuwa obukuumi olususu. Kyokka mu lugave oluto biba bigonvu era bigenda bikaluba okutandika ku nnaku bbiri nebigenda nga biguma nga olugave bwelukula .<ref>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/pangolins</ref> [[File:Pangolin_scale_burn_in_Cameroon._Credit-_Kenneth_Cameron_-_USFWS_(2)_(32575640450).jpg|center|thumb|181x181px|Ebikalakampa by'olugave]] [[File:Philippine_Pangolin_Curled-up_by_Gregg_Yan.jpg|thumb| Olugave n'omwana gwalwo]] Olugave okusinga lubeera nnyo mu mikwesese nemu biseguusi kyokka waliwo n'ebika by'olugave ebiwalampa emiti era nga okusinga lutambula kiro okunoonya eby'okulya era nga emmere y'olugave bibeera biwuka nga enswa, enkuyege n'ebirala ebigwa mu ttuluba eryo era nga olugave okufuna emmere lusooka kujikonga lusu oba okujiwunyiriza lukozesa olulimi lwalwo oluwanvu ddala. okutwaliza awamu olugave ssi kitonde ekitambulira mu bibinja era kitera kutambula bwa nnamunigina era nga okuzisangiriza mu kibinja mpozi nga zisisinkanye mu ''<nowiki/>'ggobe''' oba okwegatta okusobola okuzaala.Olugave luzaala abaana wakati w'omu ku basatu mu luzaala lumu era nga obwana obuzaalwa bukuzibwa abazadde okutuuka ku myaka ebiri okufuuka obwetongodde era obukuze.<ref>https://www.savepangolins.org/what-is-a-pangolin</ref> [[File:Manis_temminckii_(29390603130).jpg|left|thumb|181x181px|Olugave nga lwekwese mu mbeera y’okwekuuma obulabe]] Olugave era kyekimu ku bitonde ebisinga okuyiganyizibwa era ebiri ku kalebwerebwe k'okusaanawo. Olugave luyigibwa nnyo olw'ennyama yaalwo nebigalagamba oba olususu lwalwo olukozesebwa mu bintu ebyenjawulo nga okukola eddaga ly'ekinnansi era nga munda mu ggwanga Uganda abasinga okuyiga olugave bayina obutale bwamanyi wabweru weggwanga era nga ne kuddala ly'ensi yonna olugave luli ku lukalala lwebisolo ebyo ebiri mu '''''katyabaga akamaanyi'''''<ref>https://www.ifaw.org/international/animals/pangolins</ref> Okwekuuma eri abayiganya olugave mukama yaluwa Omubiri gwa pangolin oguliko ebikalakampa ebiringa ebikuta ku muti gwa payini ekizibuwaza okulukwata kuba olususu luno lusala. Olugave bwelwekengera obulabe lusobola okwezinga mu ngeri olufananya nga omupiira nga olwo amagalagamba galwo negayimirira okukola nga engabo nga feesi yalwo lujitadde wansi w'omukira gwalwo era nga mu kukola kino omuganda yakitaputa nga ekikolwa ekyoleka ensonyi olw'okuba luba lukweese obwenyi. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Bin|last2=Yang|first2=Wen|last3=Sherman|first3=Vincent R.|last4=Meyers|first4=Marc A.|title=Pangolin armor: Overlapping, structure, and mechanical properties of the keratinous scales|journal=Acta Biomaterialia|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|location=Oxfordshire, England|volume=41|pages=60–74|year=2016|doi=10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.028|pmid=27221793}} </ref> Olugave era mu kwekuuma lusobola okufulumya omuka oguwunya obubi ennyo ekireteera oyo aba alulumbye okwesega ekivundu ekiba kiruvaamu. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pangolins.org/|title=Meet the Pangolin!|year=2015|publisher=Pangolins.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222010139/http://pangolins.org/|archive-date=22 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Category:Ebika by'Abaganda]] llhp7slvb17h3dekrps7umdooanelna Charles Barugahare 0 10975 78154 77379 2026-11-08T00:10:22Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Barugahare''' (yazaalibwa Ogwomwenda 13, 1972) Munnayuganda muwi wa magezi ku by'ensimbi, omubalirizi w'ebitabo era muwandiisi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Barugahare |url=https://financelip.org/team/charles-barugahare/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaliko omuwandiisi wa ssetendekero [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University,]] Yunivasite esinga obukadde mu Uganda. Mu kiseera kino, ye Dayirekita wa Retirement Life Hub <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://retirementlifehub.org/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603132030/https://retirementlifehub.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> emanyiddwa olw’okusoomoozebwa okw’ennaku 30 okw’okutumbula ebyensimbi by’omuntu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://financelip.org/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> Era akola nga mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa Kiira Motors Corporation, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Inaugurates New Kiira Motors Board of Directors {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://www.kampalapost.com/content/minister-inaugurates-new-kiira-motors-board-directors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203211654/https://www.kampalapost.com/content/minister-inaugurates-new-kiira-motors-board-directors |archive-date=2026-02-03 |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=kampalapost.com |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> ekitongole kya gavumenti ekigenderera okutunda pulojekiti y’emmotoka ez’amasannyalaze eya Kiira. == Okusoma == Charles Barugahare yagenda mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|ssetendekero y’e Makerere university]] gye yasomera diguli mu by’obusuubuzi (Accounting) n’oluvannyuma Eastern &amp;amp; Southern African Management Institute (ESAMI) n’afuna Master of Business Administration nga tannagenda mu Atlantic International University n’afuna Doctor of Business Administration . == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Charles Barugahare abaddeko mu bibiina eby’enjawulo nga Care International mu Uganda, The Aids Support Organization (TASO) ne [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yaweereza nga Omuwandiisi wa Yunivasite, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-17 |title=URA to collect tuition for all government universities |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ura-to-collect-tuition-for-all-government-universities-1822890 |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Court blocks sacking of Mak University secretary |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/court-blocks-sacking-of-mak-university-secretary-1898450 |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Omubalilizi webitabo wa yunivasite, <ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2019-07-16 |title=Makerere suspends staff promotions amid financial crisis |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/makerere-suspends-staff-promotions-amid-financial-crisis/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Omukuumi wa Yunivasite Seal, era nga ye yali atwala ebyamaguzi byona ebya yunivasite gye yasikizibwa omwami Yusuf Kiranda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://new.mak.ac.ug/about/university-governance/university-management/university-secretarys-office#:~:text=Yusuf%20Kiranda%20holds%20a%20Master's,in%20Education%20from%20Makerere%20University. |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111105023/https://new.mak.ac.ug/about/university-governance/university-management/university-secretarys-office#:~:text=Yusuf%20Kiranda%20holds%20a%20Master's,in%20Education%20from%20Makerere%20University. |url-status=dead }}</ref> Olw’obuweereza obwewaddeyo n’okuyamba [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|ssetendekero y’e Makerere]] n’eggwanga, [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], Pulezidenti wa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yawa Charles Barugahare omudaali gwa Golden Jubilee nga 1 Ogwokutaano2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wamai |first=Mark |date=2018-05-02 |title=Vice Chancellor Congratulates Golden Jubilee Award Medal Recipients |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2018/05/vice-chancellor-congratulates-golden-jubilee-award-medal-recipients/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okusoomoozebwa kw’okutumbula ebyensimbi ku bubwe okumala ennaku 30 == Wansi w’enteekateeka y’okutumbula okusoma n’okuwandiika mu by’ensimbi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://financelip.org/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> Charles yakulembera ttiimu mu kukola okusoomoozebwa okw’ennaku 30 okw’okulongoosa mu by’ensimbi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2024-04-16 |title=Business: A 30-day guide to financial improvement |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/business/a-30-day-guide-to-financial-improvement-NV_186033_102026 |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Know More |url=https://financelip.org/know-more/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> okunateebwa mu kitabo byombi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Navigating the Financial Path - The 30-Day Personal Finance Challenge (Hard Copy) |url=https://financelip.org/product/navigating-the-financial-path-the-30-day-personal-finance-challenge-hard-copy/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> ne mu ngeri y’Omusomo ogw’oku mitimbagano <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-30 |title=The 30-Day Personal Finance Improvement Challenge Course |url=https://financelip.org/courses/the-30-day-personal-finance-improvement-challenge-course/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> ekyo kirina ebyokulabirako ebikwata ku nsonga eno mu bujjuvu. Ekitabo kino kyekenneenyezebwa Owek. Robert Wagwa Nsibirwa omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita era omuwanika w[[Buganda|'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda .]] Ekitabo kino kyatongozeddwa mu lukungaana lwa Rotary olwa Disitulikiti olw'omulundi ogwa 99 olwatuula nga 24 Ogwokunna 2024 okutuuka nga 27th Ogwokunna 2024 ku Speke Resort Munyonyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2024-04-18 |title=“Navigating the Financial Path” Book Available Ahead of the Launch |url=https://financelip.org/navigating-the-financial-path-book-available-ahead-of-the-launch/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://vinas.tech/a-great-financial-literacy-resource-you-shouldnt-miss/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915070554/https://vinas.tech/a-great-financial-literacy-resource-you-shouldnt-miss/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebitabo Ebirondeddwamu == * Okutambulira mu kkubo ly’ebyensimbi: Okusoomoozebwa kw’okulongoosa mu by’ensimbi by’omuntu ku nnaku 30 (2024)  . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Navigating the Financial Path - The 30-Day Personal Finance Challenge (Hard Copy) |url=https://financelip.org/product/navigating-the-financial-path-the-30-day-personal-finance-challenge-hard-copy/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> * Empagi 9 ez'okukozesa Obusobozi bwo (2023)  . <ref>{{Cite web |title=9 Pillars to Exploit your Potential (ebook) |url=https://financelip.org/product/9-pillars-to-exploit-your-potential-ebook/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ensaasaanya y'okuwummulamu - Okulinnya okusinga Enyingiza (2024)  . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Break Expenses - Rising to Outpace Income (Audio) |url=https://financelip.org/product/break-expenses-rising-to-outpace-income-audio/ |access-date=2026-10-19 |website=FinanceLIP |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba nabino == * Barnaba Nawangwe * John Ddumba Ssentamu == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] qi1whnt90s9as7vla5i2bsu8q66ylld Jackline Kemigisa 0 11166 78167 68758 2026-11-08T00:51:38Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackline Kemigisa''' mukyala omunayuganda, omunamawulire, muwandiisi, munoonyereza, mulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abantu era akola obutambi nabusa ku yintanenti. Nga munnamawulire awandiika ebikwata ku by’eggwanga n’ensi zonna endala. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackline Kemigisa, Author at African Arguments|url=https://africanarguments.org/author/kemigisa-jackline/#:~:text=Jackline%20Kemigisa%20is%20a%20feminist%20journalist,%20writer,%20researcher,,the%20team%20organizing%20the%20Black%20Planetary%20Future%20Conversations.|access-date=2025-04-09|website=African Arguments|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kemigisa Jackline – Uganda Feminist Forum|url=http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/kemigisa-jackline/|access-date=2025-04-09|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411015113/http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/kemigisa-jackline/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jackline yeetabye mu kussa mu nkola ebago erilwanyisa ebisiyaga mu Yuganda ng'omulwanirizi w'eddembe. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-13|title=Court sets rules ahead of anti-gay law petition hearing|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/court-sets-rules-ahead-of-anti-gay-law-petition-hearing-4367360|access-date=2025-04-10|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Era awandiise emiko mingi ku nkola z’amatwale mu Yuganda naddala ez'ekusa ku ddembe ly’abantu ng’amakomera, ebyenjigiriza, <ref>{{Cite web|last1=Colonialism|first1=The Museum of British|date=2023-08-21|title=Manufacturing Death Worlds: The Prison System in Uganda|url=https://museumofbritishcolonialism.org/manufacturing-death-worlds-the-prison-system-in-uganda/|access-date=2025-04-10|website=MBC|language=en-US}}</ref> okutumbula omwenkano nadala mu bakyala, eby'emikutu gy'amawulire, ebyafayo, okuva mu bufuzi bw'amatwale, dimokulasiya n'eby'obufuzi. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-02|title=Home|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/author/jackline-kemigisa/|access-date=2025-04-10|website=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> == Okusoma == Mu 2016 Jane Kemigisa yatikkirwa diguli mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|by'enzirukanya ya bizinense, eby'empuliziganya, eby'amawulire e Makerere]] yunivasite. Mu 2018 yeegatta ku New York University gye yatikkirwa mansita mu byamawulire studio 20 program, empuliriziganya ey'omulembe n'emikutu egy'empuliziganya. == Omulimu == Jane Kemigisa munoonyereza mu kiseera kino alina enkolagana n’ekitongole kya Center for Arts Design and Social Research, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Center for Arts Design Social Research|url=http://www.centerartsdesign.org/|access-date=2025-04-10|website=www.centerartsdesign.org}}</ref> ng’akolagana ne ttiimu etegeka Emboozi za Black Planetary Future Conversations. Ng’omukozi wa podcaster, Kemigisa y’akyaza podcast Wulira history, ng’essira aliteeka ku kuwandiika abakyala n,ebyafaayo byabwe mu Yuganda. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wulira|url=https://soundcloud.com/wulira_uganda|access-date=2025-04-10|website=SoundCloud|language=en}}</ref> Jane era kitundu ku ttiimu ekunoonyereza n’ewandiika ebikwata kungeri abakyala mu Afrika gy'ebetaba mu mikolo gy’okuziika abafu oba abalamu, omukutu ogunoonyereza kungeri abakyala gye bayinza okwetawuluza ku nkola ya patriarchal cis-hete ey’obuzaale edumira okufa kwabwe mu bitundu by’Afirika. Okunoonyereza kwe essira literedwa ku bakyala abaziyizibwa kigasiza nnyo mu kutekateka ebikozesebwa mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abakyala, wamu n’abakulembeze abakyala abagala okwesimbawo mu Yuganda. Ekiwandiiko kya Kemigisa ekiwandiko ky'akisembyeyo okuwandiikira ekitongole ky’abakyala ekya digital feminist organisation mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika kyafulumiziddwa ng’ekimu ku bitundu by’emyaka 150 mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kemigisa Jackline – Uganda Feminist Forum|url=http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/kemigisa-jackline/|access-date=2025-04-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411015113/http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/kemigisa-jackline/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jane yakulira emirimu mu Parliament watch Uganda, era muwandiisi ku mikutu gy’amawulire egy’enjawulo nga womens media center, the independent, ne Lakwena Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-08-08|title=Give Stella Nyanzi Flowers While She Still Lives — Lakwena|url=https://lakwena.org/2019/08/08/give-stella-nyanzi-flowers-while-she-still-lives/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202194946/https://lakwena.org/2019/08/08/give-stella-nyanzi-flowers-while-she-still-lives/|archive-date=2022-12-02|access-date=2025-04-10|work=Lakwena|language=en-US|url-status=dead}}</ref> Era yaliko mmemba ku lukiiko olwali lufuga Innovate Africa, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Innovate Africa|url=https://innovateafrica.co/|access-date=2025-04-10|language=en-GB}}</ref> omukunzi w’emikutu gy’amawulire mu Center for African Cultural Excellence(CACE). Jane munamawulire awandika eby'obwananyini wansi wa Eagle ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Writer|first=Guest|date=2017-09-13|title=President's nationwide land campaign exposes an inefficient system|url=https://eagle.co.ug/2017/09/13/presidents-nationwide-land-campaign-exposes-inefficient-system/|access-date=2025-04-10|website=Eagle Online|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411015155/https://eagle.co.ug/2017/09/13/presidents-nationwide-land-campaign-exposes-inefficient-system/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] kz93b310rkn443m6l94ho0xquv0et1i Ivan Lumanyika 0 11204 78166 78120 2026-11-08T00:51:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78166 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ivan Lumanyika Jumba''' (yazaalibwa 28 Ogwomukaaga 1992) munna Uganda azannya omuzannyo ogw'ensero oba [[:en:Basketball|basketball]] ku kiraabu eya [[:en:City_Oilers|City Oilers]] mu [[Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeAdmin |date=2014-09-17 |title=National Basketball Teams Named Ahead of Africa Zone 5 Qualifiers |url=https://bigeye.ug/uganda-national-basketball-teams-named-ahead-fiba-africa-zone-5-seniors-qualifiers/ |access-date=2026-10-31 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ku mutendera ogw'ensi == Lumanyika azannyira ku tiimu ya Uganda mumuzannyo gwensero wakati wamawanga. Lumanyika y'omu ku bazannyi abayamba ttiimu ya Uganda okukiika mu mpaka zamawanga ku ssemazinga Africa eza [[:en:AfroBasket|AfroBasket]] omulundi ogwasooka mu mwaka 2015. Omutindo ogwayolesebwa Lumanyika nabalala nga [[:en:Henry_Malinga|Henry Malinga]] gwayamba Uganda okuwangula tiimu ezenjawulo mu mutendera ogwokusunsula nga muzino mwalimu; [[:en:Somalia_national_basketball_team|Somalia]] gyebawangula obugoba 85 ku 74 nga 21 Ogwomwenda 2014. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lumanyika elevates to new level, Egypt wait |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Basketball/Lumanyika-elevates-to-new-level--Egypt-wait/-/690268/2462006/-/a299fmz/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064415/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Basketball/Lumanyika-elevates-to-new-level--Egypt-wait/-/690268/2462006/-/a299fmz/-/index.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=en}}</ref> Mu muzannyo wakati wa Uganda ne [[:en:Kenya_national_basketball_team|Kenya]], yateeba obugoba 15 ne 'rebounds' 11. <ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-27 |title=FIBA |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIBA&oldid=1382233505 |language=en}}</ref> Olwomutindo gwe yayolesa muzokusunsula, Lumanyika yali omu kubazannyi 20 abaalangirirwa nga 6 Ogwomusanvu 2015 okusobola okufunako abo abaali ab'okukiikirira Uganda mu [[:en:AfroBasket_2015|mpaka za AfroBasket 2015]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AfroBasket 2015 - Team Profile: Uganda |url=http://www.fiba.com/news/afrobasket-2015--team-profile-uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809111825/http://www.fiba.com/news/afrobasket-2015--team-profile-uganda |archive-date=2015-08-09 |access-date=2026-10-31 |website=FIBA.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ebirala ebimukwatako == Lumanyika asinga kuzannyisa mukono gwa kkono . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eurobasket |title=Ivan Lumanyika, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Afrobasket |url=https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Ivan-Lumanyika/370934 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425164829/https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Ivan-Lumanyika/370934 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |access-date=2026-11-05 |website=Eurobasket LLC |url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} az39naebxedtkkjur6j3zi0d2595nvn Joseph Kony 0 11389 78170 72966 2026-11-08T00:57:40Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Rao Kony''' yazaalibwa Ogwomwenda mu 1961 Munnayuganda [[:en:Warlord|munamagye akulembera ekibinja ky'abayeekera]] eyatandikawo [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA), eritwalibwa ekibiina [[:en:MONUSCO|ky'amawanga amagatte ekikuuma emirembe]], [[:en:European_Union|omukago gwa Bulaaya]], ne gavumenti endala ez'enjawulo omuli [[Great Britain|Bungereza]] ne [[Amerika]], okubeera ekibiina ky'abatujju . Kony aludde nga y’omu ku bakulembera entalo abasinga okumanyika mu Afrika era abasinga okwetagibwa. Ono abadde alumiriza ebitongole bya gavumenti okubeera nga yali alagira okuwambibwa [[:en:Child_soldiers_in_Uganda|kw'abaana nebafuuka abajaasi]], n'okukola [[:en:Commercial_sexual_exploitation_of_children|ng'abaddu nga beetunda mu kaboozi ak'ekikulu]] . Abaana nga 66,000 beebafuuka abajaasi, ate obukadde 2 obw'abantu nebabeera nga tebalina wakubeera mu ggwanga okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 2009 nga kino kyakolebwa amagye gge. Kony yali alumirizibwa mu 2005 [[:en:War_crime|olw'emisango gy'entalo]] [[:en:Crimes_against_humanity|n'emisango gy'okutulugunya abantu]] nga kino kyali mu [[:en:International_Criminal_Court|kkooti y’ensi yonna]] (ICC) esinganibwa mu [[:en:The_Hague|kibuga The Hague,]] kyokka yeewala okukwatibwa. Ono abadde alina [[:en:Interpol_notice|ekiwandiiko]] kya kya [[:en:Interpol|poliisi y'ensi]] yonna ekigamba nti alina okukwatibwa ng'okusaba kwa ICC bwekwali okuva mu 2006. Okuva [[:en:Juba_peace_talks|enteeseganya z’emirembe e Juba]] mu 2006, eggye ly'abayeekera erya Lord’s Resistance Army terikyakola mu Uganda. Ensonda zigamba nti bali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC), [[Central African Republic]] (CAR), oba [[South Sudan]] . Mu 2013, kyategeezebwa nti obulamu wa Kony bwaali mu mbeera mbi, era [[:en:Michel_Djotodia|Michel Djotodia]], pulezidenti wa CAR, yagamba nti yali ateesa ne Kony okwewaayo. Okutuuka mu Gwokuna gwa 2017, Kony yali tamannyikiddwa mayitire gge, wabula ng'amaggye gge kyali kigambibwa nti gaali gakendedde nga basigadde abasirikale nga 100, nga bakiridde okuviira ddala ku 3,000 gyebaaliko. Amerika ne Uganda bombi baakomekereza okuyiga Kony n'abayeekera ba LRA, nga bakiriza nti bano baali tebakyatiisa byakwerinda bya Uganda. Okutuuka mu 2022, kigambibwa nti yeekweeka mu [[Darfur]]. == Obulamu bwe ne famire == Kony yazaalibwa mu Gwomwenda gwa 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|last=apofeed|date=2025-01-17|title=Questions and answers on the confirmation of charges hearing against Joseph Kony at the International Criminal Court|url=https://african.business/2025/01/apo-newsfeed/questions-and-answers-on-the-confirmation-of-charges-hearing-against-joseph-kony-at-the-international-criminal-court|access-date=2025-05-30|website=African Business|language=en-GB}}</ref> mu [[:en:Odek|kibuga Odek]] [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|mu kitundu ky'omubukiika ddyo]] bwa [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="independent">{{cite news|last=Howden|first=Daniel|date=8 November 2008|title=The deadly cult of Joseph Kony|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-deadly-cult-of-joseph-kony-1001084.html|url-status=live|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310145815/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-deadly-cult-of-joseph-kony-1001084.html|archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref> <ref name="bbcprofile">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17299084|title=Joseph Kony: Profile of the LRA leader|date=8 March 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204104508/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17299084|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Britannica bio">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1017670/Joseph-Kony</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=How a Ugandan rebel leader ended up at the ICC|url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-a-ugandan-rebel-leader-ended-up-at-the-icc/a-56447484|access-date=2021-09-15|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|last=Halliday|first=Josh|date=8 March 2012|title=Kony 2012 documentary on Ugandan warlord is unlikely viral phenomenon|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/08/kony-2012-joseph-rao-kony|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> Y'omu ku bali mu ggwanga lw'abantu abamannyikiddwa nga Abachooli . <ref name="independent" /> <ref>{{Cite web|last1=Fischer|first1=Hilke|last2=Wanjohi|first2=Coletta|date=17 December 2014|title=The Lord's Resistance Army|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-lords-resistance-army-violence-in-the-name-of-god/a-18136620|access-date=12 September 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Kitaawe Luizi Obol yali mulimi era [[:en:Catechism|eyayigirizibwa okusomesa ebikwatagana ku by'ediini]] mu Klezia. Maama wa Kony, Nora Oting, yali [[:en:Anglican|Mukulisitaayo]] ng'era nga naye mulimi. <ref name=":1">{{cite news|last=Samura|first=Sorious|author-link=Sorious Samura|date=20 August 2012|title=Joseph Kony's sister tells of family's 'curse'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19314268|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820020907/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19314268|archive-date=20 August 2012|access-date=20 August 2012|website=[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Yali muto oba ow'okubiri mu bato ku baana omukaaga mu famire.<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfnm]]</ref> Mwannyina omukulu, Gabriela Lakot, akyabeera mu Odek. <ref name=":1" /> Yalina enkolagana ennungi ne baganda be, naye yayanguwa okwesasuza mu nkaayana, singa wali nga omulumbye, yateranga okukozesa obutabanguko. <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Jimmie|url=https://archive.org/details/innocentslostwhe0000brig|title=Innocents Lost: When child soldiers go to war|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|year=2005|isbn=0-465-00798-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/innocentslostwhe0000brig/page/105 105–144]|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kony teyamaliriza kusoma, kuba yavaayo ng'alina emyaka 15. <ref name="independent" /><ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144" /> Yali yali mulenzi eyayamba ngako ku basuumba mu Klezia okutuusa mu 1976. <ref name=":0" /> Yawasa Selly era bombi baazaala omwana omulenzi eyali amannyikiddwa nga [[Ali Kony|Ali Ssalongo Kony]] . <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144" /> == Omukulembeze w’abayeekera == Mu 1995, Kony yasituka n’afuuka ow'ettutumu ku [[:en:Acholiland|ttaka ly'Abachooli]] oluvannyuma lw’ekibiina [[:en:Holy_Spirit_Movement|ky’Omwoyo Omutukuvu]] ekya [[Alice Auma]] (era amanyiddwa nga Lakwena era nga Kony ateeberezebwa okubeera nga yamulinako oluganda). Okugibwa kwa Pulezidenti wa Acholi [[:en:Tito_Okello|Tito Okello]] mu buyinza ekyakolebwa [[Yoweri Museveni]] n'ekiibna kye ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] (NRA) mu [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|lutalo lw'omu nsiko mu Uganda]] wakati wa 1981 ne 1986 kwali kutuuse ku ntikko y'okunyaga ebisolo mu bungi, okusobya ku bakazi, okwokya amaka, [[:en:Genocide|ekutta abantu,]] n'okuttibwa okwakolebwa amagye ga Museveni. <ref>{{cite web|title=What is the present government attitude and treatment of members of Acholi tribe|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=topic&tocid=463af2212&toid=469f2f892&publisher=&type=&coi=BDI&docid=3ae6ad345c&skip=0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609222605/http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=topic&tocid=463af2212&toid=469f2f892&publisher=&type=&coi=BDI&docid=3ae6ad345c&skip=0|archive-date=9 June 2013|access-date=16 April 2013|website=refworld|publisher=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]}}</ref> Ebikolwa ebyakolebwa ekibiina kya Museveni ekya NRA, kati ekimanyiddwa nga [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]], kye kyaviirako Kony okutondawo ekibiina kya LRA. Obuyeekera buno bwavaamu [[:en:Concentration_camps|enkambi z’abasibe abaakwatibwa mu biseera by'entalo]] mu bukiika ddyo bwa Uganda ng’abantu abasoba mu bukadde bubiri basibiddwa. Gavumenti yayokya ebintu by'abantu ennyonyi eziriko emundu enene, n'okutta namungi w'abantu. Waaliwo okukakibwa kw'abantu okubeera nga baali tebakyalina webabeera mu bitundu ky’obukiika ddyo. Kakuyegere munsi yonna yatandika nga bagamba enkambi zino zisanyizibweewo abantu baddeyo mu byalo byabwe gyebaava. <ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Uganda|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/Uganda|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419024117/http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/Uganda|archive-date=19 April 2013|access-date=17 April 2013|website=International Displacement Monitoring Centre}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1">[http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/Uganda "Uganda"]. ''International Displacement Monitoring Centre''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130419024117/http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/Uganda Archived] from the original on 19 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Displacement+Monitoring+Centre&rft.atitle=Uganda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internal-displacement.org%2Fcountries%2FUganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flg.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Kony" class="Z3988" data-ve-ignore="1"></span></ref> <ref name="aa">{{cite journal|author=Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot|year=1999|title=Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_1999-01_98_390/page/5|journal=African Affairs|volume=98|issue=390|pages=5–36|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002|s2cid=111914560}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&ReportId=72472 "Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083137/http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&ReportId=72472|date=29 September 2007}} and [http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&ReportId=72445 " A leadership based on claims of divine revelations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120859/http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&ReportId=72445|date=29 September 2007}} in ''[[:en:The_New_Humanitarian|IRIN]] In Depth'', June 2007.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2014-11-06|title=Joseph Kony is hiding out on Sudan border, report claims|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/06/joseph-kony-hiding-sudan-border-report-lra|access-date=2021-09-11|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=|agency=[[France-Presse]]}}</ref> Mu 2006, mu nteeseganya z’emirembe [[:en:Juba|e Juba]] n’abayeekera ba LRA, gavumenti ya Museveni yawa olukusa abantu b’omu kitundu okudda mu byalo byabwe. Eno yeeyali etandikwa y'okutereeza amaka amaka, enguudo n’ebirala. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2010|title=Four African nations crack down on LRA|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11558746|url-status=live|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320125047/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11558746|archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> <ref name="bbcannounce2">{{cite news|date=13 August 2006|title=Ugandan army 'kills senior rebel'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4788657.stm|url-status=live|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728114728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4788657.stm|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> === Eggye ly'abayeekera eriyitibwa Lord's Resistance Army === Kony abadde yeenyigira mu kuwamba n'okuteeka [[:en:Military_use_of_children|abaana abato mu bujaasi]] . Aba LRA bamaze emyaka kkumi nga balwanagana n’amaggye ga gavumenti aga NRA oba [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|UPDF]] munda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] ne mu South Sudan. Mu 2008, amagye ga Uganda gaalumba DRC nga ganoonya aba LRA mu kikwekweeto ekyali kitumiddwa 'Operation Lightning Thunder'. <ref>{{cite news|last=Zibwa|first=Mutai|date=2 March 2012|title=UPDF in Kony hunt accused of rape, looting|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17456|newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer]]|access-date=17 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213171715/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17456|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwekuminoogumu ogwa 2013, kyali kitegezebwa nga Kony bweyali mu mbeera embi mu tawuni ya Nzoka mu buvanjuba bwa CAR. <ref>{{cite news|title=Joseph Kony: US doubts LRA rebel leader's surrender|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25036874|work=BBC News|date=21 November 2013|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121082044/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25036874|archive-date=21 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ng'ozeeye emabegako n'otunulira kakuyege wa LRA ow'okukola obutabanguko, omukutu gw'amawulire agayitibwa ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]'' gaategeze nti mu 2015 amagye ga Kony ge geegaavirako okufa kw’abantu abasoba mu 100,000 n’okuwambibwa kw'abaana abatakka wansi wa 60,000. Ebikolwa eby'obukambwe eby'enjawulo ebyakolebwa ebirala mwemuli [[:en:Wartime_sexual_violence|okusobya ku bawala abato]] n'okubawamba okukozesebwa [[:en:Sexual_slavery|ng'abaddu b'akaboozi]] ak'abantu abakulu . <ref name="Baddorf">{{Cite news|last=Baddorf|first=Zack|date=20 April 2017|title=Uganda Ends Its Hunt for Joseph Kony Empty-Handed|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/20/world/africa/uganda-joseph-kony-lra.html|url-status=live|access-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107075605/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/20/world/africa/uganda-joseph-kony-lra.html|archive-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Smith">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|author-link=David Smith (journalist)|date=7 January 2015|title=Surrender of senior aide to Joseph Kony is major blow to Lord's Resistance Army|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/07/surrender-aide-joseph-kony-blow-lords-resistance-army|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329025434/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/07/surrender-aide-joseph-kony-blow-lords-resistance-army|archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Mark|first=Monica|date=21 November 2013|title=Ugandan warlord Joseph Kony 'in talks' with Central African Republic|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/ugandan-warlord-joseph-kony-urged-surrender|url-status=live|access-date=23 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207051232/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/ugandan-warlord-joseph-kony-urged-surrender|archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite press release|title=Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders|url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/2005/Pages/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders.aspx|publisher=[[International Criminal Court]]|date=14 October 2005|access-date=2 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212163344/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/2005/Pages/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders.aspx|archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|date=19 May 2009|title=Read The Bill: H.R. 2478|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h111-2478|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203034510/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h111-2478|archive-date=3 February 2011|access-date=11 July 2011|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref> Omuwendo gwennyini ogw’abajaasi ba LRA gwawukana nnyo okumala emyaka egiyise, nga gutuuka ku bajaasi 3000. Mu 2017, abaali mu kibiina kino baali bakendedde nnyo nebatuuka ku bajaasi abateberebwa okubeera 100. Mu Gwokuna 2017, [[:en:Politics_of_Uganda|gavumenti ya Uganda]] n'eya Amerika zombi zaakomya kaweefube w’okunoonya Kony n’okulwanyisa LRA, nga bagamba nti LRA yali tekyalina bulabe bwa maanyi eri Uganda mu by’okwerinda. <ref name="Baddorf"/> <ref name="Smith"/> Nga tebanaba kutandika okulwanyisa okunyigirizibwa kwa gavumenti kweyali ebaleetako, kigambibwa LRA yakyuka n'ewakanya abawagizi ba Kony bennyini, mungeri y'okulongoosa [[:en:Acholi_people|bantu ba Acholi]] n'okufuula Uganda nga [[:en:Theocracy|efugibwa abasuumba n'abakiririza mu Katonda]]. <ref name="independent"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanted: Joseph Kony|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/gcj/wcrp/206078.htm|access-date=2021-09-15|website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=18 December 2017|title=Top 10 Most Wanted Criminals in the World 2018|url=https://improb.com/top-most-wanted-criminals-in-the-world/|access-date=21 November 2019|website=Improb|language=en-US|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407025924/https://improb.com/top-most-wanted-criminals-in-the-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 November 2008|title=Top 10 Fugitives in the World Still on the Run|url=https://www.toptenz.net/top-10-fugitives.php|access-date=18 January 2020|website=Toptenz.net|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-10|title=Kony's rebels remain a threat, but they're also selling honey to get by {{!}} African Arguments|url=https://africanarguments.org/2020/03/joseph-kony-lra-rebels-threat-selling-honey/|access-date=2021-09-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kony yeetwaala okubeera omwegezi wa Katonda era emyoyo mwegiyita okwogerezeganya n'abantu era nti yakyalirwaako emyoyo 13, nga mwemuli n'omusambwa okuva e China.<ref name="independent" /> Okwefananyiriza, ekibiina kirimu [[:en:Mysticism|enzikiriza ez'enjawulo]] nga [[:en:Mysticism|zirimu eby'emizimu]], eggwanga ly'abachooli n'eby'ediini ez'enjawulo,era yali agamba nti agenda kutandikawo eggwanga ekidukanyizibwa abakiririza mu Katonda ng'asinziira ku [[:en:Ten_Commandments|mateeka 10 ag'omu bayibuli]] n'obuwangwa bw'abachooli. === Bamulumiriza === Mu Gwekumi gwa 2006, ICC yalangirira ekiwandiiko ky'okukwatibwa kw'abantu bataano ab’ekibiina ky'eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army olw'ebikolobero byebaali bazizza eri abantu oluvannyuma lw’okubeera nga baali babalumiriza. Ku lunaku olwaddako, eyali minisita wa Uganda ow’ebyokwerinda [[Amama Mbabazi]] yakyasanguza nti abantu abaali ku kiwandiko kino yali Kony, omumyuka we [[:en:Vincent_Otti|Vincent Otti]], n’abaduumizi ba LRA [[:en:Raska_Lukwiya|Raska Lukwiya]], [[:en:Okot_Odhiambo|Okot Odhiambo]], ne [[:en:Dominic_Ongwen|Dominic Ongwen]]. Amagye ga Uganda gatta Lukwiya nga 12 Ogwomunaana 2006. <ref name="bbcannounce">{{cite news|date=13 August 2006|title=Ugandan army 'kills senior rebel'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4788657.stm|url-status=live|access-date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728114728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4788657.stm|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Baddorf"/> Omukutu gwa [[:en:BBC|BBC]] gwafuna amawulire nti Otti yali attiddwa nga 2 Ogwekumi mu 2007, mu maka ga Kony. <ref>{{cite news|title=Otti 'executed by Uganda rebels'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7156284.stm|work=BBC News|date=21 December 2007|access-date=8 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311075838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7156284.stm|archive-date=11 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 2006, Kony yasisinkana Jan Egeland, [[:en:Under-Secretary-General_for_Humanitarian_Affairs_and_Emergency_Relief_Coordinator|omuwandiisi w'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'abantu n'omukwanaganya w'obuyambi obw'amangu]] . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Egeland</ref> Omukutu gwa Journeyman Pictures gwafulumya emboozi gye yakola ne Kony mu 2006 mwe yalangirira nti: "Ndi mulwanyi wa ddembe, so si mutujju." <ref>{{YouTube|id=dWiF9hSgyoU|title=Joseph Kony's defiant interview: the only ever interview with Kony}}</ref> Yategeezezza omukutu gwa [[:en:Reuters|Reuters]] : "Tetulina mwana yenna. Tulina abalwanyi bokka." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12604312.htm|title=[AlertNet]|access-date=29 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205161329/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12604312.htm|archive-date=5 December 2007|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Abawaabi ba gavumenti mu ICC baasaba okuwulira omusango ''mu butabeerawo'' okukakasa emisango egyavunaanibwa Kony mu Gwekuminoogumu gwa 2022, era mu 2024 okuwulira omusango kwali kutegekeddwa nga 15 Ogwekumi. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/03/icc-judges-allow-trial-against-uganda-rebel-joseph-kony-to-move-forward-in-his-absence/|title=ICC judges allow trial against Uganda rebel Joseph Kony to move forward in his absence|website=Jurist|date=5 March 2024|first=Malaika|last=Grafe}}</ref> Kony yali ajja kukiikirirwa munnamateeka alondeddwa kkooti singa aba tannakwatibwa ng’okuwulira omusango kutuse, okwaali kusokera ddala okwekikula kino mu kkooti y'ensi yonna eya ICC, okubaawo. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/joseph-kony-lra-icc-uganda-rebel-leader-8aa7fcbc3e0fb316154ab4308a39f7f4|title=International Criminal Court to hold first ever in absentia hearing over Ugandan rebel leader Kony|newspaper=The Associated Press|date=4 March 2024}}</ref> == Enzikiriza z’eddiini == Abagoberezi ba Kony, wamu n’abaali bamuvumirira, baalina okukiriza nti [[:en:Demonic_possession|yali alinyibwaako emizimu]]. Kony y'agamba ng'abaana be abaserikale nti omusaalaba gwebaabateeka ngako kifuba kyabwe nga bakozesa buto, gwali gwakubakuuma okuva eri amasasi. <ref name="Innocents Lost p. 105-144" /> Ye muwagizi nnyo ow'okuwasa [[:en:Polygamy|abakazi abangi]], era kirowoozebwa nti yalina abakyala 60, <ref name="bbcprofile" /> era nga yali taata w'abaana 42<ref name=":2" />.  olupapula lwa 136  Kony yakikatiriza nti ye ne LRA baalo balwanirira [[:en:Ten_Commandments|Amateeka Ekkumi]] agaawandikibwa mu Bayibuli, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Religious Beliefs of Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/documents/religious-beliefs-of-joseph-konys-lords-resistance-army|access-date=2023-06-17|website=www.nytimes.com}}</ref> era n'awolereza ebikolwa bye mu mboozi ey'akafubo, ng'agamba nti, "Kibi? Tekirinyirira ddembe ly'abuntu. Era ekiragiro ekyo tekyaweebwa Yusufu. Tekyaweebwa LRA. Nedda, ebiragiro ebyo byaweebwa Katonda." <ref>{{cite news|last=Farmar|first=Sam|date=28 June 2006|title=I will use the Ten Commandments to liberate Uganda|url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/africa-travel/south-africa/i-will-use-the-ten-commandments-to-liberate-uganda-snr280dcwnb|newspaper=[[The Times]]|access-date=8 December 2013|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222172129/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1982845.ece|archive-date=22 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Omukulembeze w'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda [[Betty Oyella Bigombe|Betty Bigombe]] yajjukizza nti Kony n'abagoberezi bbe baakozesa nga buto okugoba amasasi [[:en:Demon|n'emyoyo emibi]] . <ref>{{cite news|first=Nora|last=Boustany|date=11 July 2007|title=The Woman Behind Uganda's Peace Hopes|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/10/AR2007071001933.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=21 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330053414/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/10/AR2007071001933.html|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kony y'agamba nti ye mubiri ogwali guyisibwaamu emizimu n'emyoyo okugya kunsi. Mu 2008, bwe yali ayanukula okusaba kwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda Yoweri Museveni okwenyigira mu nteeseganya z'emirembe ng'ayita ku ssimu, y'agamba nti, "Nja kwogera ne Museveni nga mpita mu mwoyo emitukuvu so si ku ssimu." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-museveni-accepts-direct-kony-talks|title=Uganda: Museveni accepts direct Kony talks|work=ReliefWeb|access-date=2 February 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064605/https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-museveni-accepts-direct-kony-talks|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu nteeseganya z’emirembe mu 1994, Kony yakulemberwa abasajja abaali mu ngoye nga bamansira [[:en:Holy_water|amazzi amatukuvu]] . Okusinziira ku Francis Ongom, eyali omuserikale wa LRA eyeewaggula, Kony "azudde ensonga za [[Baibuli|Bayibuli]] ez'okutta abalogo, olw'okutta [abo abalimi oba abalya] embizzi olw'emboozi [[:en:Exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac|y'embizzi z'e Gadarene]], n'okutta abantu [abalala] kubanga Katonda yakola kye kimu ku [[:en:Noah's_Ark|mataba ga Nuuwa]] ne [[:en:Sodom_and_Gomorrah|Sodomu ne Ggomola]] ." <ref>{{cite news|last=Hitchens|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Hitchens|date=January 2006|title=Childhood's End|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2006/01/hitchens200601|newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212101315/http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2006/01/hitchens200601|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebikolwa eri Kony == === Uganda === Nga tebannaba buyeekera, yatoloka mu 1989 n’agenda e Uganda. Oluvannyuma yawambibwa gavumenti ya Uganda. Yayimbulwa mu 1992 oluvannyuma lwa gavumenti obutakyamutunuulira ng’omuntu ow’entiisa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfnm</ref> Amagye ga Uganda gagezezzaako okutta Kony mu buyeekera bwe bwonna. Mu kaweefube wa Uganda okulondoola Kony, abaali abalwanyi ba LRA bawandiisiddwa okunoonya ebitundu ebyesudde mu CAR, Sudan, ne DRC gye yasemba okulabibwa. <ref>{{cite news|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|author-link=Jeffrey Gettleman|date=10 April 2010|title=Uganda Enlists Former Rebels to End a War|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/world/africa/11lra.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=11 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715050636/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/world/africa/11lra.html|archive-date=15 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> === Amerika === [[File:USMC-120228-M-CF241-480.jpg|thumb|Amagye ga reconnaissance Marine nga gayita mu nkola z’okuzuula akabi n’ekibinja ky’abajaasi ba Uganda, Mu Gwokubiri, 28. Amagye ga Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force ey'e 12 yasindika ttiimu entono ey’abaserikale b’oku mazzi mu Uganda mu Gwokubiri nga 3, okutendeka amagye ga Uganda okulwanirira al-Shabaab mu Somalia n’okuyigga Joseph Kony n’eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army.]] Oluvannyuma [[:en:September_11_attacks|lw’obulumbaganyi obwaliwo nga Gwekuminoogumu nga 11]], [[Amerika]] yalonda ekibiina kya LRA ekibinja ky’abatujju.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/dos120601.html|title=Statement on the Designation of 39 Organizations on the USA PATRIOT Act's Terrorist Exclusion List|author=Philip T. Reeker|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=6 December 2001|access-date=15 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312082418/http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/dos120601.html|archive-date=12 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana mu 2008, ekitongole kya Amerika ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyalangirira Kony [[:en:Specially_Designated_Global_Terrorist|okubeera nga nalukalala ali kutendera gw'ensi]] yonna okusinziira ku [[:en:Executive_Order_13224|kiwandiiko ky'abakungu namba 13224]] ekiraga eby'enfuna n'ebibonerezo. <ref>{{Cite web|date=29 August 2008|title=In the Matter of the Designation of: Joseph Kony as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Pursuant to Section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224, as Amended|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2008/08/29/E8-20164/in-the-matter-of-the-designation-of-joseph-kony-as-a-specially-designated-global-terrorist-pursuant|access-date=23 September 2020|website=Federal Register}}</ref> Mu Gwekumineebiri mu 2008, Pulezidenti wa Amerika [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] yassa omukono ku [[:en:United_States_Africa_Command|kiragiro kya Amerika ekiduumira Afrika]] okuwa gavumenti ya Uganda obuyambi mu by'ensimbi n'enteekateeka mu kiseera [[:en:2008–2009_Garamba_offensive|ky'olulumba lwa Garamba olwa 2008–2009]], olutaatukirira, olwatuumibwa erinnya lya''Operation Lightning Thunder'' . <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|author-link2=Eric P. Schmitt|date=6 February 2009|title=U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/07/world/africa/07congo.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318044001/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/07/world/africa/07congo.html|archive-date=18 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Tewali magye ga Amerika geenyigiramu butereevu. Abawabuzi ba Amerika 17 n'abatematema ensonga baawaawo okunoonyereza, ebikola n'amafuta eri banaabwe ab'amagye ga Uganda. Obulumbaganyi buno bwasindikiriza Kony okuva mu nkambi ye ey’omu nsiko, naye teyakwatibwa. Abaana 100 beebataasibwa. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Schmitt|first2=Eric|author-link2=Eric P. Schmitt|date=6 February 2009|title=U.S. Aided a Failed Plan to Rout Ugandan Rebels|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/07/world/africa/07congo.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318044001/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/07/world/africa/07congo.html|archive-date=18 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano mu 2010, Pulezidenti [[:en:Barack_Obama|Barack Obama]] yasa omukono ku tteeka erya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_Disarmament_and_Northern_Uganda_Recovery_Act|Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theresolve.org/lra-disarmament-and-northern-uganda-recovery-act-of-2009|title=LRA Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009|work=Resolve Uganda|date=24 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100518/http://www.theresolve.org/lra-disarmament-and-northern-uganda-recovery-act-of-2009|archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref> etteeka eryagenderera okuyimiriza Kony ne LRA. Ebbago lino lyayisibwa awatali kuwakanya mu [[:en:United_States_Senate|lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Senate]] nga 11 Ogwokusatu. Nga 12 Ogwokutaano 2010, ekiteeso ky’okuyimiriza amateeka n’okuyisa ebbago lino kyakkirizibwa mu kalulu k’eddoboozi (ebitundu bibiri ku bisatu nga bikkiriza) mu lukiiko lw’ababaka. <ref>2010 Congressional Record, Page H3416.</ref> Mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 2010, Obama yatuusa ekiwandiiko ky’enteekateeka mu lukiiko lw'abakungu nga lusaba ensimbi endala okuggyako Kony ne LRA eby'okulwanyisa. <ref>{{cite news|first=Michael J.|last=Kavanagh|title=Obama Administration Asks for Funds to Boost Uganda's Fight Against Rebels|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-25/obama-administration-asks-fpr-funds-to-boost-uganda-s-fight-against-rebels.html|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=25 November 2010|access-date=15 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310013223/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-25/obama-administration-asks-fpr-funds-to-boost-uganda-s-fight-against-rebels.html|archive-date=10 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwekumi gwa 2011, Obama yakkiriza okusindika amagye ga Amerika agawera 100 nga galina bulungi eby’okulwanyisa mu masekkati ga Afrika. <ref>{{cite news|last=Gerson|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Gerson|date=26 January 2011|title=Joseph Kony and the international effort to bring him to justice|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/joseph-kony-and-the-international-effort-to-bring-him-to-justice/2012/01/26/gIQAYk04TQ_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=6 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308211539/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/joseph-kony-and-the-international-effort-to-bring-him-to-justice/2012/01/26/gIQAYk04TQ_story.html|archive-date=8 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Ekigendererwa kyabwe kyali kyakuyamba magye g’ekitundu okuggya Kony n’abakulembeze ba LRA abakulu mu bifo ewaali olutalo. Mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikidde abakakiiko ka Congress, Obama yawaandiika nti: "Wadde amagye ga Amerika galina bulungi eby'okulwanyisa, gagenda kuba gawa mawulire, magezi, n'obuyambi bwokka eri amagye g'amawanga ag'enjawulo, era bo bennyini tebajja kungaanga magye ga LRA okuggyako nga kyetaagisa okwelwanako". <ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=David|date=14 October 2011|title=Obama dispatches 100 troops to Africa|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/10/obama-dispatches-100-troops-to-uganda/1|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329011930/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/10/obama-dispatches-100-troops-to-uganda/1|archive-date=29 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Tapper|first=Jake|author-link=Jake Tapper|date=14 October 2011|title=Obama Sends 100 US Troops to Uganda to Help Combat Lord's Resistance Army|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-sends-100-us-troops-to-uganda-to-combat-lords-resistance-army/|newspaper=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208010039/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-sends-100-us-troops-to-uganda-to-combat-lords-resistance-army/|archive-date=8 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 3 Ogwokuna 2013, abadukanya emirimu gya Obama baatekawo ekirabo kya 5,000,000 obwa ssente za ddoola za Amerika singa waberawo alina amawulire g'okukwatibwa, okukyusibwa, oba okukwatinwa kwa Kony, Ongwen ne Odhiambo <ref>{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Gabrielle|date=3 April 2013|title=$5 million bounty offered for Joseph Kony|url=http://www.upi.com/blog/2013/04/03/5-million-bounty-offered-for-Joesph-Kony/2981365016264/|work=[[United Press International]]|access-date=4 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416022818/http://www.upi.com/blog/2013/04/03/5-million-bounty-offered-for-Joesph-Kony/2981365016264|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Gabrielle|date=3 April 2013|title=$5 million bounty offered for Joseph Kony|url=http://www.upi.com/blog/2013/04/03/5-million-bounty-offered-for-Joesph-Kony/2981365016264/|work=[[United Press International]]|access-date=4 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416022818/http://www.upi.com/blog/2013/04/03/5-million-bounty-offered-for-Joesph-Kony/2981365016264|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/gcj/wcrp/206078.htm|title=Wanted: Joseph Kony|website=[[Office of Global Criminal Justice]]|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/gcj/wcrp/206079.htm|title=Wanted: Dominic Ongwen|website=Office of Global Criminal Justice|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref>​ <ref name="BBC_Mar24_2013">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/gcj/wcrp/206082.htm|title=Wanted: Okot Odhiambo|website=Office of Global Criminal Justice|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwokusatu mu 2014, Amerika yalangirira nti yali yakutwaala eby'okulwanyisa byamirundi enna ebiyitibwa [[:en:CV-22_Osprey|CV-22 Ospreys]] n'ennyonyi ezijudde amafuta n'amaggye g'omubanga 150 okuyamba mu kukwata Kony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26712774|title=Joseph Kony: US military planes to hunt LRA leader|publisher=BBC|date=24 March 2014|access-date=24 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324134210/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26712774|archive-date=24 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Omukago gwa Afrika === Nga 23 Ogwokusatu 2012, [[:en:African_Union|omukago gwa Afrika]] gwalangirira ebigendererwa byagwo "okusindika abajaasi 5,000 okwegatta ku muyiggo gw'omukulembeze w'abayeekera Joseph Kony" n'okumusanyalaza n'okuleetera ekibinja bya LRA okusigala nga tekyeriraanya bantu kuba kino kivunaanyizibwaako mu kutta banaansi 2,600 okuva mu 2008. Ekibiina kino eky'ensi yonna kyali kigambibwa okubeeramu abajaasi "okuva mu Uganda, South Sudan, Central African Republic ne Congo, amawanga obufuzi bwa Kony obw'entiisa mwe bubadde buwulirwa okumala emyaka." Nga kino tekinalangirirwa, okuyigga Kony okusinga kwali kukoleddwa magye okuva mu Uganda. Abajaasi bano baatandika okunoonyereza mu South Sudan nga 24 Gwokusatu 2012, era okunoonyereza kuno "tekugya kugwa okutuusa nga Kony akwatiddwa". <ref>{{cite news|last=Muhumuza|first=Rodney|date=23 March 2012|title=Kony 2012: African Union ramps up hunt for Uganda rebel leader in wake of viral video|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1150843--kony-2012-african-union-ramps-up-hunt-for-uganda-rebel-leader-in-wake-of-viral-video|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325231650/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1150843--kony-2012-african-union-ramps-up-hunt-for-uganda-rebel-leader-in-wake-of-viral-video|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === ''Kony mu 2012'' ===   [[File:Plakat_akcji_Kony_2012_przy_pl._Trzech_Krzyży_w_Warszawie.JPG|thumb|Ebipande bya Kony mu 2012]] Kony ne LRA baafuna okusindikibwa okwali okwukusaayo omwooyo ku ntandikwa y'Ogwokusatu mu 2012, ekiwandiiko ekyakwatibwa ku katambi nga kya ddakiika 30, ''Kony 2012'', ekyakolebwa omukozi wa ffirimu mu Amerika [[:en:Jason_Russell|Jason Russell]] eri ekibiina kya kakuyege ekiyitibwa [[:en:Invisible_Children,_Inc.|Invisible Children, Inc.]] bwe kyafulumizibwa. <ref>{{cite news|last=Ngak|first=Chenda|date=8 March 2012|title=Invisible Children's "Kony 2012" viral video stirs emotion and controversy|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/invisible-childrens-kony-2012-viral-video-stirs-emotion-and-controversy/|publisher=[[CBS News]]|access-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214160705/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/invisible-childrens-kony-2012-viral-video-stirs-emotion-and-controversy/|archive-date=14 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Ekigendererwa ky’okufulumya kino kyali kya kussa essira ku Kony mu kaweefube w’okwongera okwenyigira mu Amerika mu nsonga eno n’okukwatibwa kwa Kony ku nkomerero ya 2012. <ref>{{cite news|last=Myers|first=Julia|date=7 March 2012|title=A call for justice|url=http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713191826/http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Kentucky Kernel]]|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti ekitundu ky'abavubuka abakulu mu Amerika baawulira ku ''Kony 2012'' mu nnaku ezaddirira okufulumizibwa. Nga wayise wiiki eziwera ng’efulumye, ekiteeso ekivumirira Kony n’okuwagira obuyambi bwa Amerika okulwanyisa LRA kyayanjuddwa mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Senate, ne kiyisibwa oluvannyuma lw’emyezi egiwerako. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/upcoming-events/detail/my-star-in-the-sky-a-movie-screening-and-reception|title=My star in the sky: Movie screening and reception}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Kanczula|first=Antonia|date=20 April 2012|title=Kony 2012 in numbers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/apr/20/kony-2012-facts-numbers|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=20 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203163209/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/apr/20/kony-2012-facts-numbers|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Curtis|first1=Polly|last2=McCarthy|first2=Tom|date=20 April 2012|title=Kony 2012: what happens next?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/apr/20/kony-2012-what-happens-next|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016125101/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/apr/20/kony-2012-what-happens-next|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="atlanticcouncil.org">{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/121731-senate-passes-resolution-condemning-joseph-kony/|title=Senate passes resolution condemning Joseph Kony|last=Cox|first=Ramsey|date=3 August 2012|work=TheHill|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064602/http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/242107-senate-passes-resolution-condemning-joseph-kony|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>''​ Kony 2012 evimiriddwa nnyo olw'okufunza ebyafaayo by'obutabanguko bwa LRA, n'okulemererwa okukatiriza nga Kony bwemaali bamaliriza okumusindika okuva mu Uganda emyaka mukaaga nga ffirimu eyo tenakolebwa'' <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9131469/Joseph-Kony-2012-growing-outrage-in-Uganda-over-film.html|title=Joseph Kony 2012: growing outrage in Uganda over film|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|journal=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 March 2012|access-date=2 February 2018|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201506/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9131469/Joseph-Kony-2012-growing-outrage-in-Uganda-over-film.html|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Curtis|first1=Polly|last2=MacCarthy|first2=Tom|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 March 2014|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/08/kony-2012-what-s-the-story|title=Kony 2012 – What's the story?|access-date=11 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105001412/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/08/kony-2012-what-s-the-story|archive-date=5 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === Okuwanika kwa Ongwen === [[:en:Dominic_Ongwen|Dominic Ongwen]] yaweereza ng'omu ku bakulu mu LRA era nga y'omu ku bayambi ba Kony abakulu mu kibiina kino. Yawambibwa ng’akyali mwana muto, yafuuka omujaasi mu LRA, oluvannyuma n’asituka ng’ayita mu nsengeka y’ekibiina. Ongwen yeewaayo eri abakiise ba CAR mu Guwooka gwa 2015, ekyakuba ekonde edene mu kibinja kya Kony. Omwogezi w'amagye ga Uganda Paddy Ankunda yategeezezza nti omukolo guno "guteeka LRA mu mbeera esinga okubeera enzibu" era nti "Kony yekka y'asigadde ng'ayimiridde". <ref name="Smith"/> Ku baduumizi ba LRA abataano abavunaanibwa ICC mu 2004, Kony yekka ye yasigala ng’alya butaala mu kiseera ekyo. Nga n'abalwaanyi ekikumi bboka beebasinga basigala nga beesiimbu gy’ali, mu bukyamu kyalowoozebwa nti yali tagenda kusobola kwewala kuwatibwa okumala ebbanga mu banga eritali ddene. <ref name="Smith" /> Mu Gwokubiri mu 2021, Ongwen yasingisibwa kkooti y'ensi yonna emisango 61, emisango eri abantu n'ebikolobero mu lutalo. <ref>{{cite web|title=Dominic Ongwen declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Uganda|website=International Criminal Court|date=4 February 2021|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr1564|access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> === Okusanyalaza LRA n’okuyimirira kwa Amerika === Mu Gwokuna gwa 2017, amagye ga Uganda ne Amerika gaakomekereza omuyiggo gwa Kony n'ekibinja kye, ng'omwogezi wa Uganda agamba nti, "LRA tekyalina bulabe gye tuli nga Uganda". <ref name="Baddorf" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, eggye lye lyali liteeberezebwa okuba nga lyakendeera okutuuka ku bajaasi nga 100. <ref name="Baddorf" /> === Gyebamusuubira okubeera kati === Mu Gwokuna wa 2022, [[:en:DW_News|DW News]] yategeeza nti aba LRA abawerako baagamba nti Kony yeekukumye mu kitundu kya [[:en:Darfur|Darfur]] mu Sudan. Okuva awo, kigambibwa nti yali awa abalwanyi be ebiragiro. Omu ku baali bammemba yategeezezza nti abalwanyi bano baali "baakooye era nga tebalina kigendererwa", era ne bavaawo nga baagala okubeera n'obulamu obwa bulijjo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Is Joseph Kony hiding in Darfur? – DW – 04/14/2022|url=https://www.dw.com/en/is-lra-rebel-leader-joseph-kony-hiding-in-darfur/a-61478125|access-date=2023-03-15|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Kony emabegako yaweebwa obuyambi obw'emmundu n'obuyambi bw'ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva eri eyali pulezidenti wa Sudan [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-04|title=Uganda: Joseph Kony, the one that got away|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/272498/uganda-joseph-kony-the-one-that-got-away/|access-date=2023-03-15|website=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna gwa 2024, kigambibwa nti Kony yasenga mu nkambi eyali mayiro 10 okuva ku kyalo ekyatumibwa Yemen mu Central African Republic. Mu mwezi gwe gumu, bwe baawulira amawulire g’aba LRA 14 okwewaayo eri amagye ga gavumenti, ekibinja kya [[:en:Wagner_Group|Wagner Group kyalumba enkambi ya Kony]], ekyamuleetera n’abasajja be 71 okudduka nga boolekera Sudan. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Bishop|first1=Mac William|title=Russian Mercenaries Hunt the African Warlord America Couldn't Catch|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/russian-mercenaries-wagner-joseph-kony-warlord-1235011454/|website=rollingstone.com|date=27 April 2024|publisher=Rolling Stone|access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> == Laba nebino ==   * [[:en:International_Criminal_Court_investigations|Okunoonyereza kwa kkooti y’ensi yonna]] * [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|Obuyeekera bw'amagye ga Lord's Resistance]] * [[:en:List_of_fugitives_from_justice_who_disappeared|Olukalala lw'abadduse obwenkanya nebabulawo]] * [[:en:Child_soldiers_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Abaana abajaasi mu Democratic Republic of the Congo]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == == Ensengeka y’ebitabo == *   * {{Cite book|isbn=Jane Bussmann}} *   * {{Cite book|isbn=Matthew Green (journalist)}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamagye]] 7k4gq9kno7nyu6vdntktfgogmavdbdm Abayudaaya 0 11454 78137 72216 2026-11-07T23:39:14Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Abayudaya|image=[[File:Abayudaya prayer in Putti village.jpeg|250px]]|caption=ِLocal and foreign Rabbis pray in the [[synagogue]] of Puti next to Mbale|pop=2,500 <ref name="Shadrach Levi">{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/opinion/385870/we-are-the-jews-of-uganda-this-is-our-story/ |title=We Are the Jews of Uganda. This Is Our Story. |last=Shadrach Levi |first=Mugoya |date=November 6, 2017 |website=The Forward |publisher=Rachel Fishman Feddersen |access-date=August 26, 2018 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="passover">{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/02/1167498909/for-passover-i-sent-matzo-to-the-jews-of-uganda-theyve-given-me-a-gift-as-well |title=For Passover, I sent matzo to the Jews of Uganda. They've given me a gift as well |last=Ornstein |first=Dan |date=2023-04-02 |accessdate=2023-04-02 |publisher=[[NPR]] |work=Goats and Soda |lang=en-US}}</ref>|popplace=[[Uganda]]|langs=[[Luganda]], [[Lusoga]], [[Lugwere]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]|rels=[[Judaism]]|related=[[Baganda]], [[Bagwere]], [[Basoga]]}}'''Abayudaya''' [[:en:Luganda|muluganda]] ekitegeeza "Abantu ba [[:en:Judah_(Biblical_figure)|Yuda]] " <ref>Berg, Irwin M. (January 1997) "Among the Abayudaya". </ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vetssweatshop.net/uganda.htm|title=Pomerance, Rachel. "Uganda's Jews finally have their day at the Mikvah|access-date=2006-01-25|archive-url=https://archive.today/20020816002416/http://www.vetssweatshop.net/uganda.htm|archive-date=2002-08-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> kibiina kya Bayudaaya mu buvanjuba bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]], okumpi ne tawuni y'e [[Mbale]] . Banyiikivu mu nkola yaabwe, nga bakuuma [[:en:Kashrut|kashrut]] era nga bakuuma [[:en:Shabbat|Shabbat]] . Waliwo ebyalo eby’enjawulo ebiwerako Abayudaaya mwe babeera. Ekitundu [[:en:Gerim|ekyakyuka ne kidda mu ddiini y’Ekiyudaaya]] mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri, abantu abasinga obungi mu kitundu kino balina akakwate n’ebibiina by’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya eby’ennongoosereza n’abakuumaddembe. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-in-first-a-ugandan-jewish-wedding-in-israel-1.8354712|title=In First, a Ugandan-Jewish Wedding in Israel|last=Maltz|first=Judy|date=2020-01-05|work=Haaretz|access-date=2020-01-07|language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2016, [[:en:Shlomo_Riskin|Rabbi Shlomo Riskin]] yakulembera ekibiina kya Beit Din ekyakola okukyusa Abasodokisi eri ekitundu ky’Abaputti eky'Abayudaaya. <ref>The Abayuday:Judaism Emerging, A Spiritual Journey Into Africa, by Menachem Kuchar.</ref> <ref name="tjoa">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071211225854/http://thejewsofuganda.org/history.php The Committee To Save Ugandan Jewry - A First Hand Account of The History of the Abayudaya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211225854/http://thejewsofuganda.org/history.php|date=2007-12-11}}</ref> Abayudaaya bateeberezebwa okuba wakati wa 2,000 ne 3,000; <ref name="Shadrach Levi">{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/opinion/385870/we-are-the-jews-of-uganda-this-is-our-story/ |title=We Are the Jews of Uganda. This Is Our Story. |last=Shadrach Levi |first=Mugoya |date=November 6, 2017 |website=The Forward |publisher=Rachel Fishman Feddersen |access-date=August 26, 2018 |quote=}}</ref> okufaananako ne baliraanwa baabwe, nabo balima n'okuluunda ebisolo. Abayudaaya abasinga basibuka mu [[:en:Bagwere|Bagwere]] . Abamu, bava [[:en:Namutumba,_Uganda|Namutumba]], [[:en:Basoga|Basoga]] . Boogera [[Luganda|Oluganda]], [[:en:Soga_language|Olusoga]], oba [[:en:Gwere_language|olugweere]], era abamu baayiga [[:en:Hebrew_language|n’Olwebbulaniya]] . <ref>Godfrey Mwakikagile, ''Ethnicity and National Identity in Uganda: The Land and Its People'' (New Africa Press, 2009), p. 56.</ref> == Ebibakwatako == === Ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda === Ekibiina kino ensibuko yaakyo eviira ddala ku mukulembeze w'amagye [[Semei Kakungulu]] eyali [[:en:Muganda|Omuganda]]. Mu kusooka, Kakungulu yakyusibwa n’adda mu [[:en:Christianity|ddiini y’Ekikristaayo]] abaminsani b’Abangereza nga mu mwaka gwa 1880. Yali alowooza nti Abangereza bagya kumukkiriza okubeera omukulembezze w’ebitundu bya [[:en:Bukedi|Bukedi]] ne [[:en:Bugisu|Bugisu]], bye yali abawangulidde mu lutalo. Wabula Abangereza bwe baateeka ekoma ku ttaka lye, nebaliteeka ku sayizi entono era ne bagaana okumukkiriza okubeera omukulembeze nga webaali baamusubiza, Kakungulu n’atandika okubesalawo. === Ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri === Mu 1913, Semei Kakungulu yafuuka mmemba w’ekiwayi [[:en:Society_of_the_One_Almighty_God|ky’Abamalaki]], ekyagoberera ng'enkola y’enzikiriza eyagatta ebintu eby’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya, Obukristaayo, ne [[:en:Christian_Science|Sayansi w’Ekikristaayo]], okusinga, okugaana okukozesa eddagala ly’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba (nga yeesigamiziddwa ku nyiriri entono ezaggyibwa mu [[:en:Old_Testament|Ndagaano Enkadde]]). Kino kyavaako obutakkaanya n’Abangereza, Abamalaki bwe baagaana okugema ente zaabwe. Kyokka bwe yayongera okusoma [[:en:Bible|Bayibuli]], Kakungulu yatuuka n’okukkiriza nti empisa n’amateeka ebyogerwaako mu Bitabo Ebitaano ebya Musa ( [[:en:The_Torah|Tawreeti]] ) byali bituufu ddala. Mu 1919, Kakungulu bwe yanywerera ku [[:en:Circumcision|kukomolebwa]] nga bwe kyalagirwa mu Bayibuli y’Olwebbulaniya, Abamalaki baagaana era ne bamugamba nti singa bakomolebwa, bagya kubeera [[:en:Jews|ng’Abayudaaya]] . Kakungulu n'addamu nti, "Awo, ndi Muyudaaya!" Yakomola batabani bbe naye kennyini n’alangirira nti ekitundu kye kyali kya Bayudaaya. Okusinziira ku Henry Lubega, <ref>[http://www.ugandamission.org/news/Abayudaya.htm Mbale’s Jews By Henry Lubega] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040517085541/http://www.ugandamission.org/news/Abayudaya.htm|date=2004-05-17}}</ref> "yaddukira wansi [[:en:Mt._Elgon|w'olusozi Elgon]] n'asenga mu kifo ekiyitibwa Gangama gye yatandikira ekiwayi ekyeyawula ekimanyiddwa nga Kibina Kya Bayudaaya Abesiga Katonda (Ekibiina ky'Abayudaaya abeesiga Mukama)." Abangereza baanyiiga nnyo olw’ekikolwa kino era mu butuufu ne basalako enkolagana yonna naye n’abagoberezi be. Okutuuka kw'Omuyudaaya omugwira amanyiddwa nga "Yosef", ateeberezebwa okuba nga yava mu nsi [[:en:Ashkenazi|ya Ashkenazi]], mu 1920 kyayamba nnyo mu kitundu kino okufuna okumanya ku sizoni [[:en:Jewish_holidays|y'ennaku enkulu z'Abayudaaya]], nga [[:en:Pesach|Pesach]], [[:en:Shavuot|Shavuot]], [[:en:Rosh_Hashanah|Rosh Hashanah]], [[:en:Yom_Kippur|Yom Kippur]], ne [[:en:Sukkot|Sukkot,]] mwe zibeera. Ensonda mu kitundu ky’Abayudaaya zikakasa nti Omuyudaaya eyasooka okukyalira ekitundu kino ye Yosef, eyasula n’okusomesa ekitundu kino okumala emyezi nga mukaaga, era yandirabise ng’eyasooka kuleeta kalenda y’Abayudaaya mu kitundu ky’Abayudaya. <ref name="tjoa"/> Okweyongerayo, amateeka agakwata ku [[:en:Kashrut|kashrut]] gaasooka kwanjulwa Yosef mu bantu. Abantu b’omukitundu bakyagenda mu maaso n’okukola kashrut olwaleero. Enjigiriza ya Yosef yasikiriza Semei Kakungulu okutandikawo esomero eryakola ng’ekika kya [[:en:Yeshiva|Yeshiva]], n’ekigendererwa eky’okuyisa n’okusomesa obukugu n’amagezi agasooka okuva ewa Yosef. Oluvannyuma lwa Kakungulu okufa ekirwadde kya [[:en:Tetanus|tatanaansi]] mu 1928, Samson Mugombe Israeli, omu ku bayigirizwa be, yafuuka omukulembeze w’eby’omwoyo mu kitundu, ekyeyawula olw’okwekuuma. Mu 1962, [[:en:Arye_Oded|Arye Oded]], Omuyisirayiri ng’asoma mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y’e Makerere,]] yakyalira Abayudaaya n’asisinkana Samson Mugombe. Guno gwe gwali omulundi ogusoose Abayudaaya okusisinkana Omuyisirayiri, era omulundi ogusoose ekitundu kino okusisinkana Omuyudaaya omugwiira okuva ku Yosef. Oded yayogerako ne Mugombe okumala akabanga n’abakulembeze abalala era n’abannyonnyola engeri Abayudaaya mu Yisirayiri gyebeenyigiramu mu eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya. Olwo Oded n'awandiika ekitabo ("Eddiini n'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda,") n'ebiwandiiko ebiwerako eby'ekitundu n'empisa zaabwe ekyabayingiza mu Bayudaaya bw'omunsi yonna. Wabula mu myaka gye 1970 batibwa [[Idi Amin]], eyawera emikolo gy’Abayudaaya n’okusaanyaawo [[:en:Synagogue|amakuŋŋaaniro]] . Abamu ku bantu b'omu Bayudaaya baakyuka ne bafuuka Abakristaayo oba [[:en:Islam|Abasiraamu]] nga boolekedde [[:en:Religious_persecution|okuyigganyizibwa mu ddiini]] . Kyokka, ekibinja ekikulu ekyalimu bammemba nga 300 kyekyasigala nga kyewaddeyo eri eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya, nga basinza mu nkukutu era nga batya nti baandizuulibwa balirwaana baabwe ne babaloopa eri ab’obuyinza. Ekibinja kino oluvannyuma kyatuuma erinnya " [[She'erit Yisrael]] " <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcholmim.org/uganda7.php|title=The Establishment of Shomer Mitzvot Jews in Uganda &#124; Israel News, Information, Zionism, and Aliyah|accessdate=2007-08-30|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006105348/http://www.kcholmim.org/uganda7.php|archivedate=2007-10-06}}</ref> — [[:en:Remnant_of_Israel|Abasigalira ba Yisirayiri]] — ekitegeeza Abayudaaya (Abannayuganda) abasigaddewo. Ekitundu kino kyeza obugya mu myaka gye 1980. === Ekyasa kya 21 === [[File:Abayudaya_synagogue_nabugoye_1.jpg|thumb|Ekkuŋŋaaniro ly’aba Abayudaya e Nabugoye mu Mbale mu Uganda]] Abantu nga 400 ab’omu kitundu ky’Abayudaaya baakyusibwa mu butongole abalabbi bataano ab’ettabi ly’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya erya Conservative mu Gwokubiri gwa 2002, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Judaïsme: les Abayudaya de l’Ouganda enfin reconnus comme juifs – Religioscope|url=https://www.religion.info/2002/03/18/judaisme-les-abayudaya-de-louganda-enfin-reconnus-comme-juifs/|access-date=2022-10-10|website=www.religion.info}}</ref> era okukyusibwa kwa balabbi aba Conservative kwagenda mu maaso mu myaka egyaddirira. <ref>Jerusalem Post, RUTH EGLASH, August 3, 2008, [https://archive.today/20120715022317/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/1526900791.html?dids=1526900791:1526900791&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3,+2008&author=RUTH+EGLASH&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Conservative+Movement+opens+Africa%27s+first-ever Conservative Movement opens Africa's first-ever].</ref> Mu myaka gya 1990 baali ba luganda n’ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya ekya Messianic (Ekikristaayo) ekyakulemberwa David Finkelstein. Mu 2017, abantu bano babeera kumpi n’ekkuŋŋaaniro lya Stern Synagogue eryaakazimbibwa ku lusozi Nabugoye ebweru w’e Mbale n’ekkuŋŋaaniro eririraanyewo ku kyalo Namanyonyi nga kwogase n’abalala babeera Nasenyi, Nalubembe, Buseta, [[:en:Nangolo|Nangolo]] n’ekitundu ky’Abasodokisi kyokka, [[Putti]], byonna mu Disitulikiti y’e Pallisa. Ekyalo eky’omunaana, [[:en:Namutumba|Namutumba]], nga kiriko ekkuŋŋaaniro, kiri mu kyalo Magada, nga 70&nbsp;km mu bukiika kkono. Ekisembayo, ekyalo eky’omwenda, [[Apac]], kiri wala mu bukiika ddyo bwa Mbale. Okubala abantu kwakolebwa mu 2015 abantu b’oku kyalo, kwalaga nti abantu bonna awamu baali 1067. Namutumba, ekyalo ekisinga obunene, kitundu kya Bayudaaya ekikulaakulana nga kirimu abantu nga 244 nga balina ekkuŋŋaaniro erikozesebwa ennyo. Ekitundu kizimbye esomero lya pulayimale erikwatagana n’enzikiriza - Tikkun Olam Primary School (TOPS) nga liweereza ekitundu ky'ekyalo ekisinga obunene, kirina obukulembeze bw’abavubuka obunyiikivu mu nkulaakulana eby'enfuna era kifuba okutuumbuula obulamu bw’abantu baakyo bonna mu kitundu. Yoash Mayende ye Dayirekita wa TOPS, nga somero erijudde obulungi. Rabbi Levi Shadrach Mugoya ye mukulembeze waabwe mu by'eddiini mu kiseera kino. Omukadde Rabbi Eri yalonda Saddulaaki okumuddira mu bigere, “ekitiibwa kinene era eky'obuvunaanyizibwa obw’amaanyi.” Shadrach yasomera mu Uganda Christian University era yatikkirwa ddiguli mu Kukola entegeka ya pulojekiti n'okutandikawo emirimu mu 2013. Yasomera mu yeshiva y’omukulu Abayudaya Rabbi, Gershom Sizomu. Kati Saddulaaki agenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe ne ALEPH (Alliance for Jewish Renewal) asobole okukulembera obulungi abantu be nga rabbi waabwe. Ekibiina kya Conservative Yeshivah mu Yisirayiri yamukirizza okusoma mu 2017 ne 2018. [[:en:Gershom_Sizomu|Gershom Sizomu]], omukulembeze ow’eby’omwoyo ow’Abayudaaya ne Rosh Yeshiva, yawandiisibwa mu pulogulaamu ya [[:en:Ziegler_School_of_Rabbinic_Studies|Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies]] ey’okusoma n'okutikirwa oluvannyuma lw'emyaka etaano mu [[:en:American_Jewish_University|American Jewish University]] e [[:en:Los_Angeles,_California|Los Angeles mu California]] gye yasomera Olwebbulaniya, [[:en:Rabbinic_literature|ebitabo bya balabbi,]] Bayibuli, [[:en:Jewish_philosophy|obufirosoofo bw’Abayudaaya,]] n’amasomo amalala.ng'amaliriza enteekateeka eno, yafuna okutuuzibwa kwe nga Rabbi wansi w’obulabirizi [[:en:Conservative_Judaism|bw’ekibiina kya Conservative]] mu Gwokutaano mu 19, 2008, n’adda mu Uganda okukulembera ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya. Ye Rabbi omuddugavu eyasooka ng'ava mu mawanga ga [[:en:Africa|Afrika]] agali wansi w'eddungu. <ref name="JP">{{Cite web|title=Satellite News and latest stories {{!}} The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/jewish-news/over-250-africans-convert-to-judaism-in-uganda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316213117/https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/jewish-news/over-250-africans-convert-to-judaism-in-uganda|url-status=dead|archive-date=2024-03-16|access-date=2024-03-15|website=fr.jpost.com}}</ref> Era ye mukulembezze wa Rabbi eyasooka mu Uganda. <ref>http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331079553&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull%5B%5D</ref> Mu Gwokubiri, 2016 yalondebwa ng'omubaka wa Palamenti mu Uganda ng'akiikirira Bungokho North ebweru wa Mbale. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/ugandan-rabbi-wins-seat-in-parliament-1.5409364|website=[[Haaretz]]|first=Sam|last=Kestenbaum|title=Rabbi From Tiny Ugandan Jewish Community Wins Seat in Parliament|date=2016-02-27|orig-date=last updated April 10, 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126052824/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/ugandan-rabbi-wins-seat-in-parliament-1.5409364|archive-date=2021-01-26}}</ref> Ekkuŋŋaaniro epya erya Stern Synagogue lyatumibwa erinnya lya Ralph ne Sue Stern, Abayudaaya Abamerika abaawaayo ddoola 100,000, kati lizze mu kifo ky’ekkuŋŋaaniro ettono erya Moses Synagogue ku lusozi Nabugoye okutuuka mu 2017. Abalala abakulu abaawaayo ssente ye Eyal, Yael, Leya ne Aely Aronoff. Ekitongole kya Julius ne Ray Charlstein Foundation. Naty ne Debbie Saidoff be baali bakola. Ekkuŋŋaaniro lino, okusinziira ku Rabbi Sizomu, lye lisinga obunene mu mawanga agali mu bukiika kkono bw'eddundu lya Sahara mu Afrika Enkulaakulana endala yali yakusiima Putti Abayudaaya okusoboka e Yisirayiri n’Abayudaaya Abasodokisi munsi, olw’okufuba kwa Rabbi Shlomo Riskin, eyatandikawo Chief Rabbi wa Efrat era akulira ettendekero lya [[:en:Ohr_Torah_Stone|Ohr Torah Stone]], ng’akwatagana n’ekitongole ekiyamba ku kyalo kya Putti (PVAO). Enteekateeka eno yafunamu obuzibu mu 2018 minisitule y'ensonga z'omunda mu Yisirayiri bwe yasalawo nti aba Putti Abayudaaya wekitaali kibiina kya Bayudaaya ekimanyiddwa era bwe kityo okukyusa kwabwe "tekumanyiddwa n'ekigendererwa eky'okufuna ekifo mu Yisirayiri". <ref name="LofR">{{cite news|title=Israel Rules Not to Recognize Ugandan Jewish Community|newspaper=Haaretz|author=Judy Maltz|date=May 31, 2018|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-exclusive-israel-rules-not-to-recognize-ugandan-jewish-community-1.6137079}}</ref> Ekitundu kifugibwa olukiiko olulondeddwa, nga mu kiseera kino lukubirizibwa Tarphon Kamya. Ekyalo Putti kifunye obuwagizi okuva ebweru okuva mu PVAO. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://puttivillage.org/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-08 |archive-date=2025-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521004350/https://puttivillage.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebitongole == Ng’oggyeeko amakuŋŋaaniro ag'emirundi etaano, amasomero g’Abayudaaya gatandikiddwawo nga gayambibwako ebweru okuva mu bantu ssekinnoomu n’ebibiina omusomesebwa amasomo ag’ensi n’ag’Ekiyudaaya. Obutafaananako masomero mangi agaddukanyizibwa Abakristaayo, okuyiga Olwebbulaniya n’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya kya kwesalirawo eri abayizi abatali Bayudaaya. Abayizi Abakristaayo, Abasiraamu n’Abayudaaya basomera mu masomero gano. Okusomera obweereere kuweebwa ensonda ez’ebweru zisobozesezza abayizi abamu nabo okugenda mu yunivasite. Bino ebigoberera by'ebimu ku bitongole by’omukitundu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino: * Esomero lya Hadassah Primary School erisangibwa wakati wa Nabugoye ne Namanyonyi * Esomero lya Semei Kakungulu High School (Olusozi Nabugoye) . * Esomero lya Tikkun Olam Primary School (Namutumba) * A [[:en:Yeshiva|Yeshiva]] (ku lusozi Nabugoye) Ekizimbe kya Yeshiva kitekebwaamu ssente eziva mu nteekateeka ya [[:en:United_Synagogue_Youth|United Synagogue Youth]] Tikun Olam * Eddwaliro ly'Abayudaaya epya (Kampala) Galilee Community General Hospital * Ekuŋŋaaniro epya ery’Abasodokisi ly’Abayudaaya erisangibwa wakati ddala mu Kampala * Eddwaaliro lya Tobin Medical Center erisangibwa e Mbale ng'aba Be'chol Lashon beebaliteekamu ssente <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bechollashon.org/projects/abayudaya/projects.php#healthcare|title=B'chol Lashon|access-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505043641/http://bechollashon.org//projects/abayudaya/projects.php#healthcare|archive-date=2017-05-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Enkolagana y’abantu b’omukitundu == Baliraanwa Abakristaayo n’Abasiraamu lumu baatunuulira ng'Abayudaaya n’okunyooma n’obukyayi, kyokka enkolagana eteredde nnyo era abamu batunuulira aba Abayudaaya mu ngeri ey’ekitiibwa n’okwegoomba. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/africa_uganda0s_jewish_community/html/8.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Photo journal - Uganda's Jewish community - Confident|publisher=|accessdate=24 February 2016}}</ref> Era kisaana okumanyibwa nti ekitundu kibadde kikula ku sipiidi etali ya kukyukakyuka. Abayudaaya mu kiseera Idi Amin weyava mu buyinza bw'okubeera pulezidenti baali 300 bokka, Abayudaaya beeyongeddeko obungi nebawera abantu 2,000 okuva mu kaseera ako. Mu 2002 emboozi y’Abayudaya yayogerwaako mu kitabo ekiyitibwa ''Abayudaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda'', nga mulimu n'ebifaananyi n’ebiwandiiko bya munamawulire akuba n’ebifaananyi Richard Sobol n’obutambi bw’ennyimba obwakolebwa Jeffrey Summit era ne bufulumizibwa Abbeville Press. Sobol ayongedde okutalaaga n'okusomera ng'akozesa emikutu egy'enjawulo okuyambako Abayudaaya ba Uganda okuva mu kweyawula. Mu 2007, ttiimu eyetongodde ekola ffirimu eyitibwa Marion Segal Productions, yakola ffirimu ey’ebiwandiiko ku Bayudaaya ku mukutu gw'omukutu gwa South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC-TV). Omutwe gwayo, Ekula lya Afrika, "Pearls of Africa," gujuliza nti ekitundu kino ekya Africa era kimanyiddwa nga Ekula lya Afrika. Ekiwandiiko kino kyalagirwa era nekiwandikibwa omukozi wa ffirimu, Guy Lieberman, ng’ali wamu n'afulumya ffirimu Marion Segal, bombi Bayudaaya ba South Afrika. Mu kiwandiiko kino mulimu emboozi ne Aaron Kintu Moses, JJ Keki, Enosh K. Mainah, n’abakulembeze abalala Abayudaaya, bombi mu kitundu ky’olusozi Nabugoye ne mu kitundu ky’e Putti. Era mulimu n’emboozi empaanvu zebaakola ku bakyala ababiri abaalaga enteekateeka zaabwe eza Sabbiiti, nga boogera ku kusoma kw’abaana baabwe, n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ludda olw’omukwano olw’obufumbo bw’Abayudaaya n’obwetaavu bw’okufuna mikveh. Ekiwandiiko kino kyaleeta obwagazi bungi mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya mu South Afrika era ne kisikiriza bammemba okuwaayo ssente n’ebintu ebirala (okugeza ng'ebitabo) eri Abayudaya. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiwandiiko kino, ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya mu South Afrika nakyo kyakyaza babiri ku mulembe omuto ogwa Abayudaaya okugabana emboozi zaabwe ku mikolo gy’Abayudaaya egy’omu kitundu. Mu 2003, J. J. Keki, omu ku baali mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya, kyakulembera kaweefube w’okutondawo [[:en:Cooperative|ekibiina ky’obwegassi]] ekyegatibwaamu abalimi b'emwaanyi mu kitundu ekyo, nga si ba Bayudaaya mbu bokka beebalima emwaayi, wabula n’abalimi b'emwaayi Abakristaayo n’Abasiraamu. Ekyavaamu ye [[:en:Mirembe_Kawomera|Mirembe Kawomera,]] mu luganda nga kye "Emirembe Egiwooma". <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirembekawomera.com/|title=Mirembe Kawomera History|work=Thanksgiving Coffee|accessdate=24 February 2016|archive-date=25 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325223139/http://www.mirembekawomera.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga bakolagana ne kampuni ya, Thanksgiving Coffee Company eya [[:en:Fort_Bragg,_California|Fort Bragg, California]], ekibiina ky'obwegasi kino kikola mu kuleeta obugagga obupya eri bammemba b’amadiini gonna. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirembekawomera.com/cooperative|title=Mirembe Kawomera "Delicious Peace" Coffee » the Story › the Cooperative|accessdate=2008-09-07|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920231200/http://www.mirembekawomera.com/cooperative|archivedate=2008-09-20}}</ref> == Obulamu mu ddiini n'enono == Ng'ekitundu ekyo kyeyongera enkolagana yaakyo n’enkolagana yaakyo n’ebitundu by’Abayudaaya eby’ebweru, kwe kugamba mu Amerika ne Yisirayiri, endowooza n’empisa zaakyo ez’eddiini byakyuka ne bidda mu ddiini y’Ekiyudaaya enkulu. Bammemba bagenda mu kusaba kwa Shabbat okwabuli kiseera ku Lwokutaano akawungeezi n’Olwomukaaga. <ref name="tjoa" /> Ababeera bazze okusaba bagyamu engatto nga tebinnayingira mu kkuŋŋaaniro. <ref name="tjoa" /> Enono eno kirowoozebwa nti yali ekolebwa Abayudaaya mu biseera bya Bayibuli ng'era ekyakolebwa nakati n’okutuusa kati ekolebwa ebitundu by’Abayudaaya ebitonotono. Abayudaaya bagoberera kashrut ne basala ebisolo byabwe okusinziira ku ekyo. <ref name="tjoa" /> <ref name="jvl">{{Cite web|title=A History of the Abuyudaya Jews of Uganda|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/a-history-of-the-abuyudaya-jews-of-uganda|access-date=2023-04-03|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> == Muziki == Muziki abadde kintu kikulu mu bulamu bw’Abayudaaya. Mu myaka egiyise, ekitundu kino kifulumizza obutambi bwamirundi ebbiri nga bwetololera ku miramwa gy’eddiini.Olumu kubutambi, lwatumibwa, ''"Abayudaaya: Music from the Jewish people of Uganda"'' lwafulumizibwa Jeffrey Summit era n'erulondebwa okubeera [[:en:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Traditional_World_Music_Album|olutambi lw'ensi yonna nga luliko ennyimba z'ekinaansi]] ku mikolo eya [[:en:47th_Grammy_Awards|47th Grammy Awards]].<ref>Wikipedia:Citation needed</ref> Ekitundu ky’Abayudaaya kyongedde okusiimibwa n’okuweebwa ekitiibwa mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya olw’omulimu gwa Noam Katz, omuyimbi Omuyudaaya Omumerika. Akatambi ak'omu 2005, ''Mirembe'' ("emirembe" mu Luganda), yalimu Abayudaaya mu nnyimba zaayo ezisinga obungi. Ng’ogyeeko okusoma mu seminaliyo, Katz atambudde mu North America yonna, era akola n'ebivulu by'okwetoloola ebiraga muziki w'Abayudaaya.<ref>Wikipedia:Citation needed</ref> Muziki w'Abayudaaya wanjawulo nnyo mu Afirika era mu kiseera kye kimu w'Abayudaaya. Ennyimba nnyingi zigatta ebigambo [[Luganda|by’Oluganda]] n’ebigambo [[:en:Hebrew_language|by’Olwebbulaniya]] . Okugata ku ekyo, [[:en:Psalms|Zabbuli]] n’okusaba by'olekera okubeera ebyawukana kungeri gyebikubamu mu Afrika. Muziki atwalibwa okubeera eky'amaanyi mu kitundu olw’ensonga ezitali zimu. Abamu ku bakadde b'ekitundu kino bategeezezza nti muziki yabayamba ng'okuyita mu mbeera ezitaali nyangu ekyabawalirizibwa okuguma mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa [[Idi Amin]] . == Laba nebino == * [[:en:Uganda_Scheme|Enteekateeka ya Uganda]] == Ebujuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Okweyongerayo mu kusoma == * Sobol, Richard, ne Summit, Jeffrey A.: ''Abayudaya:Abayudaaya ba Uganda'' * Oded, Arye: "Eddiini n'ebyobufuzi mu Uganda: Okunoonyereza ku Busiraamu n'eddiini y'Ekiyudaaya" 1995, East African Educational Publishers, Nairobi * Oded, Arye: "Abayudaya ba Uganda," IAFA, Yerusaalemi, 2003 (mu Lwebbulaniya) * Parfitt, Tudor: "Abayudaaya Abaddugavu mu Afrika ne Amerika", Harvard University Press 2013 == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250113045825/https://jewishmuseum.org.uk/2019/12/04/the-abayudaya-the-jews-of-uganda/ Abayudaaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda] The Jewish Museum London, 2019 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250521004350/https://puttivillage.org/ Putti Village Assistance Organization] Mulimu pulojekiti nnyingi eziyamba Abayudaya n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’obutambi n’ebifaananyi. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/africa_uganda0s_jewish_community/html/1.stm Ekitabo ky'ebifaananyi ekya BBC nga kirimu Abayudaya] * [http://www.richardsobol.com/jewish-people-of-uganda/ Abayudaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda] Ebifaananyi bya Richard Sobol okuva mu kitabo kye * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011231518/http://www.ajula.edu/Content/ContentUnit.asp?CID=1713&u=7296&t=0 Gershom Sizomu, Munnayuganda Abayudaya eyasooka okutuuzibwa mu Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies] American Jewish University, 2007 * [http://www.kampala-synagogue.org/about_abayudaya_in_kampala.html Abasodokisi mu Mbale (Abayudaya)] Abayudaya mu Kampala. Omukutu gw'Abayudaaya mu Kampala 2013 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170912020420/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-14-the-lost-jews-of-uganda Abayudaaya ba Uganda ababuze] by Kim Harrisberg. Buli lunaku Maverick 14 April 2014 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141111211145/http://www.bechollashon.org/projects/abayudaya/abayudaya.php Abayudaaya Abayudaya mu Uganda be baani?] Ebyafaayo by’ekitundu nga bwe byajjukirwa Rabbi Gershom Sizomu n’amawulire amajjuvu ku pulojekiti z’ebyobulamu n’okutumbula ebyenfuna bya Be’chol Lashon n’abantu b’omu Abayudaya (okuva mu kifo ekikadde ekya Be’chol Lashon) * [https://globaljews.org/explore/abayudaya/history/ Abayudaya] Emiko ku mukutu gwa Be'chol Lashon oguliwo kati * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110095635/http://www.kulanu.org/abayudaya/index.php Abayudaya] Links ku mukutu gwa Kulanu [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] 529yzlqoi23hs7rqtb0p05prliadiuq East African Legislative Assembly 0 11751 78161 77148 2026-11-08T00:21:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olukiiko lw’ababaka oluyitibwa East African Legislative Assembly''' ( '''EALA''' ) kitundu kitono mu mukago omunene ogwa [[:en:East_African_Community|East African Community,]] nga gwe mukono ogw’amateeka ogw'ebitundu. Abakiise balayizibwa ku bisanja bya myaka etaano. <ref name=":0"/> == Ebikikwatako == Okuva mu biseera by'abafuzi b'amatwaale, ebibiina ebiwerako byafuba okugata ekitundu ky'amawanga G'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika. <ref name=":1"/> Mu biseera [[:en:Victorian_era|b'omulembe gwa Victoria,]] enkolagana y’eggaali z’omuka yasibwaawo, era ebitongole ebiwerako nga [[:en:East_African_Currency_Board|East African Currency Board]] ne [[:en:East_African_Court_of_Appeal|East African Court of Appeal]] byatandikibwawo. <ref name=":1" /> Omuyaga omupya ogw’endagaano n’ebitongole byatongozebwa mu makati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. <ref name=":1" /> [[:en:Treaty_for_East_African_Co-operation|Endagaano y’okukolagana mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika]] yasibwako omukono mu 1967, n’etongoza [[:en:East_African_Community|omukago gwa East African Community]] . <ref name=":1"/> Kyokka olw’enjawulo mu by'obufuzi n’okwetabamu okunafu, endagaano eno yasazibwamu mu 1977, n’emalawo omukago gwa East Africa. <ref name=":1" /> Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, okwagala okwongera enkolagana mu bitundu kwagenda mu maaso. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of the East African Legislative Assembly —East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/assembly/category/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204210647/https://www.eala.org/assembly/category/history |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> Nga 14 Ogwokutaano mu 1984, [[:en:East_African_Community_Mediation_Agreement|endagaano y'okutabaganya omukago gwa East Africa]] yasibwako omukono, eyasuubiza "okunoonyereza n'okuzuula ebitundu eby'okukolagana mu biseera eby'omu maaso n'okukola enteekateeka z'enkolagana ng'eyo". <ref name=":1" /> Nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1994, abakiise okuva mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Kenya]], ne [[Tanzania]] basa omukono ku [[:en:Agreement_for_the_Establishment_of_a_Permanent_Tripartite_Commission|ndagaano y’okutandikawo akakiiko ak’enkalakkalira ak’amawanga asatu]], akaatandikawo akakiiko okwongera enkolagana wakati w’amawanga ago ag'emirundi esatu. <ref name=":1" /> Nga 29 Ogwokuna mu 1999, akakiiko k’enjuyi esatu kaamaliriza okwekenneenya kwako ku bisuubirwa mu nkolagana y’ekitundu, era amawanga asatu ne gasa omukono ku ndagaano y’okutumbuula Endagaano eno okutuuka ku ndagaano ey’omwaka 2000. <ref name=":1" /> === Olukungaana olusooka (2001–2006) === Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika lwatongozebwa nga 30 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 2001 ng’omukono gw’ababaka ba Palamenti omupya ogwali guduziddwa engulu ogwa East Africa Community. <ref name=":1"/> Olukiiko lwatuula mu [[:en:Arusha|kibuga Arusha]] e Tanzania, akakiiko k’enjuyi esatu gye kaalangirira nti kagenda kulongoosa okutuuka ku ndagaano. <ref name=":1" /> [[:en:Abdulrahman_Kinana|Abdulrahman Kinana]], Omubaka Omulonde okuva e Tanzania yalondeddwa awatali kuwakanya ku bwa Sipiika bw’Olukiiko Olusooka. <ref name=":1" /> Olukiiko olusooka lwatuula okutuuka mu 2006. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Zziwa, Margaret N —East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/eala-members/view/zziwa-margaret-n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204205324/https://www.eala.org/eala-members/view/zziwa-margaret-n |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> === Olukiiko olw'okubiri (2007–2012) === Nga 1 Ogwomusanvu mu 2007, [[Burundi]] ne [[Rwanda]] zeegata ku mukago gwa East African Community, era, n’olwekyo, ne East Africa Legislative Assembly neetondebwaawo. <ref name=":1"/> [[:en:Abdirahim_Abdi|Abdirahim Abdi]] ow 'e Kenya yaweereza nga Sipiika w'Olukiiko olw'okubiri. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=2nd Assembly 2007–2012 – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/eala-members/category/assembly-2007-2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204213221/https://www.eala.org/eala-members/category/assembly-2007-2012 |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> [[File:East_African_Second_Legislative_Assembly_Diagram.svg|thumb|214x214px]] Bammemba abalondedde mu kibiina kya EALA eky'okubiri (2007–12) bamenyamenya okusinziira ku bibiina by’eby'obufuzi bwe bati: <ref name=":3"/> {| class="wikitable" !Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ! Burundi ! Kenya ! Rwanda ! South Sudan ! Tanzania ! Uganda ! OKUGATTA |- | Abetongodde oba abatategeerekese | | 5. 5. | 9. 9. | N/A | | 9. 9. ! 23. |- | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | | | | N/A | 7. 7. | ! 7. 7. |- | CNDD-FDD | 4. 4. | | | N/A | | ! 4. 4. |- | KANU | | 2. 2. | | N/A | | ! 2. 2. |- | CNDD | 1. 1. | | | N/A | | ! 1. 1. |- | FORD Kenya | | 1. 1. | | N/A | | ! 1. 1. |- | Ekibiina ky'abantu ekya FORD | | 1. 1. | | N/A | | ! 1. 1. |- | MRC | 1. 1. | | | N/A | | ! 1. 1. |- | Ekibiina kya United Democratic Party | | | | N/A | 1. 1. | ! 1. 1. |- | UPRONA | 1. 1. | | | N/A | | ! 1. 1. |- | [[Chama cha Umma Demokrati|Chama cha Umma Demokrati, omusajja omulala]] | | | 1. 1. | N/A | 1. 1. | 1. 1. ! 3. 3. |- ! Omugatte gw’ebintu ! 9. 9. ! 9. 9. ! 8. ! N/A ! 9. 9. ! 8. ! 45. Ebikwata ku nsonga eno |} {| class="wikitable" |+Ababaka abalonde ab'olukiiko lwa East African Legislative Assembly<ref name="2nd assembly">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=EALA Members – 2nd Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/members/list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126210718/https://www.eala.org/members/list |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=EALA |publisher=East African Legislative Assembly}}</ref> !Erinya !Eggwanga !Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi |- |[[Abdirahim Haithar Haji Abdi]] |Kenya | |- |Catherine N Kimura |Kenya | |- |Christopher Dove Nakuleu |Kenya | |- |Gervase Mathias Buluma Kafwa Akhaabi |Kenya | |- |Clarkson Otieno Karan |Kenya | |- |Sarah Talaso Bonaya |Kenya | |- |Augustine Loile Chemonges Lotodo |Kenya | |- |Reuben Oyondi Oyondi |Kenya | |- |Safina Kwekwe Tsungu |Kenya | |- |George Francis Nangale |Tanzania | |- |Abdullah Ali Hassan Mwinyi |Tanzania | |- |Kate Sylivia / Magdalena Kamba |Tanzania | |- |Walid Aman Kabourou |Tanzania | |- |Fortunatus Lwanyantika Masha |Tanzania | |- |Didas John Massaburi |Tanzania | |- |Said Gharib Bilal |Tanzania | |- |Sebtuu Mohamed Nassor |Tanzania | |- |Janet Deo Mmari |Tanzania | |- |Mike Sebalu |Uganda | |- |Lydia Wanyoto Wanyoto |Uganda | |- |Dora Kanabahita Byamukama |Uganda | |- |Daniel Fred Kidega |Uganda | |- |Bernard Mulengani |Uganda | |- |Mugisha Oyera Muntu |Uganda | |- |Dan Wandera Ogalo |Uganda | |- |Nusura Tiperu Omar |Uganda | |- | |Uganda | |- |Francois Bizimana |Burundi | |- |Regine Katabarumwe |Burundi | |- |Leonce Ndarubagiye |Burundi | |- |Frederic Ngenzebuhoro |Burundi | |- |Georgette Nibitanga |Burundi | |- |Nzobonimpa Manasse |Burundi | |- | |Burundi | |- | |Burundi | |- | |Burundi | |- |Abdul Karim Harerimana |Rwanda |Rwandan Patriotic Front |- |James Ndahiro |Rwanda |Akiikirira abaliko obulemu |- |Odette Nyiramirimo |Rwanda |akiikirira embeera z'abakozi |- |Pierre Damian Habumuremyi |Rwanda |Rwandan Patriotic Front<ref name="Kimenyi" /> |- |Claire Kayirangwa |Rwanda |Rwandan Patriotic Front<ref name="Kimenyi" /> |- |Patricia Hajabakiga |Rwanda |Rwandan Patriotic Front<ref name="Kimenyi" /> |- |Jacqueline Muhongayire |Rwanda |Social Democratic Party<ref name="Kimenyi" /> |- |Straton Ndikuryayo |Rwanda |Akiikirira abavubuka |- |Valerie Nyirahabineza |Rwanda |Akiikirira abakyala |- |} === Olukiiko olw’okusatu (2012–2017) === [[Margaret Zziwa]] owa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] yaweereza nga sipiika okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. <ref name=":2"/> Ye mukyala eyasooka okukulembera olukiiko lw’ekitundu era n’awangula [[Dora Byamukama]] yekka gwe yali avuganya naye n’obululu nga yafuna obululu 27 ku 18 mu lawuundi eyasooka, ate 33 ku 12 mu kalulu ak’okubiri. <ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda's Zziwa Replaces Abdi As EALA Speaker|work=[[Al Bawaba]]|agency=[[AllAfrica]]|date=6 June 2012|location=Amman, Jordan|id={{ProQuest|1019553982}}}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Yadirwa [[:en:Daniel_Kidega|Daniel Kidega]] mu bigere, eyaweereza okuva mu 2014 okutuusa Olukiiko olw'okusatu werwakomekerera mu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kidega, Daniel F – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/eala-members/view/kidega-daniel-f1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204205515/https://www.eala.org/eala-members/view/kidega-daniel-f1 |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Bamemba abalonde aba East African Legislative Assembly<ref>{{cite news|title=Third EALA Inaugurated at Chamber|work=[[Al Bawaba]]|agency=[[AllAfrica]]|date=7 June 2012|location=Amman, Jordan|id={{ProQuest|1019552705}}}}{{subscription required}}</ref> !Erinya !Eggwanga !Ekibiina Ky'eby'Obufuzi |- |Margaret Zziwa |Uganda | |- |Dora Byamukama |Uganda | |- |Dan Kidega |Uganda | |- |Fred Mbidde Mukasa |Uganda | |- |Bernard Mulengani |Uganda | |- |[[Susan Nakawuki]] |Uganda | |- |Chris Opoka-Okumu |Uganda | |- |Mike Sebalu |Uganda | |- |Nusura Tiperu |Uganda | |- |Nancy Abisai |Kenya | |- |Abubakar Zein Abubakar |Kenya | |- |Sarah Bonaya |Kenya | |- |Peter Mathuki |Kenya | |- |Mumbi Ngaru |Kenya | |- |Saole Ole Nkanae |Kenya | |- |Abubakar Ogle |Kenya | |- |Joseph Kiangoi |Kenya | |- |Judith Pareno |Kenya | |- |Shy-Rose Bhanji |Tanzania | |- |Adam Kimbisa |Tanzania | |- |Angela Kizigha |Tanzania | |- |Bernard Murunya |Tanzania | |- |Abdullah Mwinyi |Tanzania | |- |Perprtua Nderakindo |Tanzania | |- |Makongoro Nyerere |Tanzania | |- |Issa Taslima |Tanzania | |- |Mariam Ussi Yahya |Tanzania | |- |Emerence Bucumi |Burundi | |- |Hafsa Mossi |Burundi | |- |Isabelle Ndahayo |Burundi | |- |Leonce Ndarubagiye |Burundi | |- |Martin Nduwimana |Burundi | |- |Emmanuel Nengo |Burundi | |- |Jeremie Ngendakumana |Burundi | |- |Frederic Ngenzebuhoro |Burundi | |- |Yves Nsabimana |Burundi | |- |Christophe Bazivamo |Rwanda | |- |Patricia Hajabakiga |Rwanda | |- |Abdulkarim Harelimana |Rwanda | |- |Jacqueline Muhongayire |Rwanda | |- |James Ndahiro |Rwanda | |- |Straton Ndikuryayo |Rwanda | |- |Valerie Nyirahabineza |Rwanda | |- |Odette Nyiramilimo |Rwanda | |- |Pierre Celesitin Rwigema |Rwanda | |- |} === Olukiiko olw’okuna (2017–2022) === Olukiiko olw’okuna lulina abakiise abawera 62, nga ku bano buli ggwanga eriri mu mukago liwaayo bammemba 9 abalonde, n’abakiise 8 nga ba memba [[:en:Ex_officio_member|''ba ex-officio'']] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204195514/https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> Omwogezi waakyo ye [[:en:Martin_Ngoga|Martin Ngoga]] ow'e Rwanda. <ref name=":0"/> Ekigoberera lw'erukalala lw'abamemba abalonde ab'olukiiko olw’okuna olw’olukiiko olufuzi olw’amawanga g’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika: {| class="wikitable" |+Bamemba abalonde aba East African Legislative Assembly<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=4th Assembly 2017–2022 – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/eala-members/category/assembly-2017-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204194614/https://www.eala.org/eala-members/category/assembly-2017-2022 |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> !Erinya !Eggwanga !Ekibiina Ky'eby'obufuzi |- |Mnyaa Habib Mohamed |Tanzania | |- |Nkuhi Fancy Haji |Tanzania | |- |Maryam Ussi Yahya |Tanzania | |- |Kimbisa Adam Omar |Tanzania | |- |Hasnuu Makame Abullah |Tanzania | |- |Lugiko Happyness Elias |Tanzania | |- |Maghembe Ngwaru |Tanzania | |- |Maasay Pamela Simon |Tanzania | |- |Josephine Sebastian Lemoyan |Tanzania | |- |Thoar Gatpan Gideon |South Sudan | |- |Jago Odok Woda Jeremiah |South Sudan | |- |Ann Itto Leonardo |South Sudan | |- |Gabriel Garang Aher Arol |South Sudan | |- |Kim Gai Ruot Duop |South Sudan | |- |Deng Dut Gatkek Thomas |South Sudan | |- |Gabriel Alaak Garang Diing |South Sudan | |- |Deng Nhial Gai |South Sudan | |- |Ayason Mukulia Kennedy |South Sudan | |- |Christopher Opoka-Okumu |Uganda | |- |[[Susan Nakawuki]] |Uganda | |- |[[Mukasa Mbidde|Fred Mukasa Mbidde]] |Uganda | |- |George Stephen Odongo |Uganda | |- |Dennis Namara |Uganda | |- |[[Musamali Paul|Musamali Paul Mwasa]] |Uganda | |- |Kasamba Mathias |Uganda | |- |[[Rose Akol|Rose Akol Okullu]] |Uganda | |- |[[Mary Mugyenyi]] |Uganda | |- |Flowrence Jematiah Sergon |Kenya |Jubilee Party |- |Oburu Odinga |Kenya |National Super Alliance |- |Noor Mohamed Adan |Kenya |Jubilee Party |- |Wanjiku Muhia |Kenya |Jubilee Party |- |Simon Mbugua Nganga |Kenya |Jubilee Party |- |Kennedy Musyoka Kalonzo |Kenya |National Super Alliance |- |Fatuma Ibrahim Ali |Kenya |National Super Alliance |- |Aden Omar Abdikadir |Kenya |National Super Alliance |- |Aburi Mpuru Lawrence |Kenya |Jubilee Party |- |Pierre-Célestin Rwigema |Rwanda | |- |Kalinda Francois Xavier |Rwanda | |- |Martin Ngoga |Rwanda |Rwandan Patriotic Front |- |Jean Claude Barimuyabo |Rwanda | |- |Alex Bahati |Rwanda | |- |Francoise Uwumukiza |Rwanda | |- |Francine Rutazana |Rwanda | |- |Fatuma Ndangiza |Rwanda | |- |Oda Gasinzigwa |Rwanda | |- |Léontine Nzeyimana |Burundi | |- |Marie Claire Barikukiye |Burundi | |- |Sophie Nsavyimana |Burundi | |- |Alfred Ahingejeje |Burundi | |- |Mo-Mamo Karerwa |Burundi | |- |Jean-Marie Muhirwa |Burundi | |- |Pierre Claver Rurakamvye |Burundi | |- |Victor Burikukiye |Burundi | |- |Christopher Nduwayo |Burundi | |} Olukalala oluddako lw'erwabamemba ba ex-officio ab'olukiiko Olw'okuna olwa East African Legislative Assembly: {| class="wikitable" |+''Bamemba ba Ex-Officio mu'' lukiiko lw'ababaka ba palamenti mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika <ref name=":0"/> ! Erinnya ! Eggwanga ! Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi |- | [[Isabelle Ndahayo]] | Burundi | |- | [[Francois Kalinda|Francois Kalinda, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] | Rwanda | |- | Omuyimbi Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Rwanda | |- | [[Maryam Ussi Yahya]] | Tanzania | |- | [[Mukasa Mbidde|Fred Mukasa Mbidde]] | Uganda | |- | [[Susan Nakawuki]] | Uganda | |- | Ekyererezi | | |- | Ekyererezi | | |} === Olukiiko olw’okutaano (2022–2027) === Olukiiko olw’okutaano lwatongozebwa nga 19 Ogwekumineebiri mu 2022, <ref name="Ubwani">{{cite news|last1=Ubwani|first1=Zephania|title=Rwanda Picks New EALA Members, DRC Awaited|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/-rwanda-picks-new-eala-members-drc-awaited-4055816|access-date=26 January 2024|work=[[Mwananchi Communications|The Citizen]]|date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409030521/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/-rwanda-picks-new-eala-members-drc-awaited-4055816|archive-date=9 April 2023|location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|url-status=live}}</ref> nga luno lwalimu omulundi ogwasooka abakiise 9 okuva mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], eyali yeegasse ku EALA mu Gwokusatu gw’omwaka ogwo. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Havyarimana|first1=Moses|title=New Members of East Africa's Regional Assembly Sworn In|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/new-eala-members-sworn-in-4060926|access-date=26 January 2024|work=[[The EastAfrican]]|date=20 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821235525/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/new-eala-members-sworn-in-4060926|archive-date=21 August 2023|location=Nairobi, Kenya|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Joseph Ntakarutimana]] owa Burundi yeeyalondebwa ku bwa sipiika bw’olukiiko lwa palamenti olwa bammemba 63. <ref name="APA">{{cite news|title=Burundian Lawmaker Elected Speaker for the East African Legislative Assembly|url=https://apanews.net/burundian-lawmaker-elected-speaker-for-the-east-african-legislative-assembly/|access-date=26 January 2024|work=APA News|agency=African Press Agency|date=20 December 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240126222946/https://apanews.net/burundian-lawmaker-elected-speaker-for-the-east-african-legislative-assembly/|archive-date=26 January 2024|location=Dakar, Sénégal|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ng’ogyeeko bamemba abalonde, palamenti ey’okutaano yalimu abakiise mwenda nga bali mu kifo ekyo– omu okuva mu buli ggwanga eriri mu mukago, omuwandiisi omukulu, n’omuwabuzi – abakola nga baminisita b’ensonga z’omukago gwa East Africa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Said |first=Mariam |date=2022-12-25 |title=EALA elects new members of commission |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/eala-elects-new-members-of-commission/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Enkalala ezidako ziraga abakiise abalondeddwa mu lukiiko olw’okutaano olw’olukiiko olufuzi olw’amawanga g’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika: {| class="wikitable" |+Ababaka Abalonde aba East African Legislative Assembly<ref name="5th assembly">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=EALA Members – 5th Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/members/list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126210718/https://www.eala.org/members/list |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=EALA |publisher=East African Legislative Assembly}}</ref> !Erinya !Eggwanga !Ekibiina Ky'eby'obufuzi |- |[[Jacqueline Amongin]] |Uganda | |- |[[Siranda Gerald|Gerald Blacks Siranda]] |Uganda | |- |Veronica Kadogo |Uganda | |- |[[James Kakooza]] |Uganda | |- |Paul Mwasa Musamali |Uganda | |- |George Stephen Odongo |Uganda | |- |Dennis Namara |Uganda | |- |[[Mary Mugyenyi]] |Uganda | |- |[[Rose Akol|Rose Akol Okullu]] |Uganda | |- |Mohame Juma Nadra |Tanzania | |- |Shogo Richard Mlozi |Tanzania | |- |James Kinyasi Millya |Tanzania | |- |Mashaka Khalfan Ngole |Tanzania | |- |Abdulla Hasnuu Makame |Tanzania | |- |Maghembe Jumanne Ng'waru |Tanzania | |- |Machano Ali Machano |Tanzania | |- |Angela Charles Kizigha |Tanzania | |- |Ansar Kachwamba |Tanzania | |- |Gabriel Garang Aher Arol |South Sudan | |- |Thomson Luke Teny |South Sudan | |- |Sadia James Sebit |South Sudan | |- |Deng Gai |South Sudan | |- |Gai Rut Kim |South Sudan | |- |Kennedy Aysason Mukulia |South Sudan | |- |Woda Jeremiah Odok Jago |South Sudan | |- |Ann Itto Leonardo |South Sudan | |- |Gideon Gatpa Thoar |South Sudan | |- |Alex Bahati |Rwanda | |- |Françoise Uwumukiza |Rwanda | |- |Clément Musangabatware |Rwanda | |- |Francine Rutazana |Rwanda | |- |Aisha Nyiramana |Rwanda | |- |Mathias Harabemungu |Rwanda | |- |Alodie Iradukunda |Rwanda | |- |Caroline Rwivanga Kayonga |Rwanda | |- |Fatuma Ndangiza |Rwanda | |- |Suleiman Said Shahbal |Kenya | |- |David Ole Sankok |Kenya | |- |Winnie Odinga |Kenya | |- |Maina Godfrey Mwangi |Kenya | |- |Zipporah Kering Kurga |Kenya | |- |James Mathenge Kanini |Kenya | |- |Kennedy Musyoka Kalonzo |Kenya | |- |Falhada Dekow Iman |Kenya | |- |Hassan Omar Hassan |Kenya | |- |François Mangu Ngate |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Stella Nyota Mwetaminwa |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Joseph Mbombo Mundela |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Jérémie Ilenda Maswama |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Dorothé Nganiza Masirika |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Géraldine Kalwa Kaubo |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Evariste Kwete Kalala |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Jean-Bertrand Ewanga |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Désiré Ipenda Boulu |Democratic Republic of Congo | |- |Olivier Nkurunziza |Burundi | |- |[[Anastase Manirambona]] |Burundi | |- |Saidi Kibeya |Burundi | |- |[[Kezimana Cathy|Cathy Kezimana]] |Burundi | |- |Mo-Mamo Karerwa |Burundi | |- |Victor Burikukiye |Burundi | |- |Goreth Bigirimana |Burundi | |- |Gabriel Ntisezerana |Burundi | |- |Joseph Ntakirutimana |Burundi | |} == Abakirimu == [[File:President_Kikwete_addressing_the_EALA.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Pulezidenti wa Tanzania Jakaya Kikwete ng'ayogera eri Olukiiko]] Mu lukiiko olw'okuna, olukiiko lw’ababaka ba East Africa lulina bamemba 62, nga ku bano buli ggwanga eriri mu mukago liwaayo bamemba 9 abalonde, ate 8 [[:en:Ex_officio_member|nga beebali mu kifo bifo bino]] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204195514/https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition "Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly"]. </cite></ref> Okusinziira ku nyingo eya 50 [[:en:East_African_Community_Treaty|ey’endagaano y’omukago gwa East Africa,]] abakiise balondebwa akakiiko akakola amateeka mu ggwanga lyabwe. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204195514/https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition "Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly"]. </cite></ref> Enyingo eya 50 era esaba bamemba aboogeddwako okulaga ebibiina byabwe eby'obufuzi eby’eggwanga lyabwe, endowooza zaabwe, ekikula ky’abantu, n’ebibiina ebirala eby’enjawulo. <ref name=":4" /> Abakiise abalina ebifo mu lukiiko luno balina okuba minisita ababeezi ab'eggwanga olw’enkolagana mu bitundu, [[:en:Secretary_General_of_the_East_African_Community|Omuwandiisi omukulu ow’omukago gwa East African Community,]] n’Omuwabuzi w’Omukago. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204195514/https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.eala.org/index.php?/assembly/category/composition "Composition of the Assembly – East African Legislative Assembly"]. </cite></ref> == Emirimu == Enyingo eya 49 ey'endagaano [[:en:East_African_Community_Treaty|y'omukago gwa East Africa]] eraga nti obuvunaanyizibwa bw<nowiki>'olukiiko olufuzi olw'amawanga g'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika bwe "kubeera ekitongole ekikola amateeka mu mukago", "okukwatagana n'enkiiko z'amawanga g'amawanga agali mu mukago ku nsonga ezikwata ku mukago", "okukubaganya ebirowoozo n'okuyisa embalirira y'omukago", "okulowooza ku lipoota z'omwaka ku mirimu gy'omukago, lipoota z'ababalirizi b'ebitabo ez'omwaka ez'akakiiko akabala ebitabo n'ebirala byonna lipoota ezijuliza Olukiiko", "okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga zonna ezikwata ku Mukago n'okuteesa eri Olukiiko nga bwe luyinza okulaba nga kyetaagisa okusa mu nkola Endagaano", "okusaawo akakiiko oba obukiiko bwonna olw'ebigendererwa nga bwe bulaba nga kyetaagisa", "okuteesa eri Olukiiko okulonda Omuwandiisi n'abakungu abalala ab'Olukiiko", ''n'okukola amateeka gaalwo ag'emirimu n'ag'</nowiki>obukiiko bwaalwo". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The East African Legislative Assembly —East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/assembly/the-east-african-legislative-assembly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204205624/https://www.eala.org/assembly/the-east-african-legislative-assembly |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}</ref> == Obukiiko == Nga enyingo eya 49 ey'endagaano y'omukago gwa East Africa bw'eraga, olukiiko lw'ababaka ba East Africa lulina eddembe "okutandikawo akakiiko oba obukiiko bwonna olw'ebigendererwa nga bwe kiraba nga kyetaagisa". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The East African Legislative Assembly —East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/assembly/the-east-african-legislative-assembly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204205624/https://www.eala.org/assembly/the-east-african-legislative-assembly |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=eala.org |publisher=[[East African Community]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.eala.org/assembly/the-east-african-legislative-assembly "The East African Legislative Assembly —East African Legislative Assembly"]. </cite></ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2020, Olukiiko lulina obukiiko buno musanvu: <ref name=":5" /> * Akakiiko k’Akakiiko * Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo * Akakiiko Akavunaanyizibwa ku by'Amateeka, Amateeka, n’Enkizo * Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by’Obulimi, Eby’obulambuzi n’Eby'obugagga eby’omu ttaka * Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z’Ebitundu n’Okugonjoola Obutabanguko * Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku By'empuliziganya, Eby’obusuubuzi n’Okusiga Ensimbi * Akakiiko akakola ku Nsonga za Bulijjo == Emirimu okuva lwe Kaatandikibwaawo omulundi ogwali gusooka == Okuva lwe kaatandikibwaawo omulundi ogwaali gusooka, EALA ebadde entuula enfunda eziwerako ng'olukungana mu [[:en:Arusha|Arusha]], [[Kampala]] ne [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] . Mu ntuula zino, EALA erina:<ref>{{Cite web |title=East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/ |access-date=2026-10-20 |website=www.eala.org}}</ref> * yayisa amateeka gaayo agakwata ku nkola y’emirimu n'engeri gyegirina okutambulamu; * yalonda Sipiika w’Olukiiko; * yasemba eri Olukiiko lwa Baminisita okulonda Abakungu b’Olukiiko; * yayisa embalirira z’ekibiina kya EAC ez’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2002–03 ne 2003–04; * yabuuzza Olukiiko lwa Baminisita ebibuuzo 19, ebyadibwaamu mu ngeri entuufu; * yayisa ebiteeso bitaano; * baakola emisomo ku nsonga ezitali zimu ezikwata ku buyinza bwabwe; ne * yayisizza ebbago ly’eteeka lya mulundi mukaaga ne lifuuka eteeka. Obukiiko bubadde bufuna okuwabulwa okuva mumu Bwasaabawandiisi n’okuwa amagezi ku bikwata ku ngeri y'okugenda mu maaso n'okusa mu nkola Endagaano eno. == Ebyavaamu == Olupapula olumu olwa 2015 lwalaga nti ensengeka y’endagaano [[:en:East_African_Community_Treaty|y’omukago gwa East Africa]] yatonda [[:en:East_African_Community|omukago gwa East African Community]] mu ngeri nti olukiiko lw’ababaka ba East Africa lutera okukuba emitwe n’olukiiko [[:en:East_African_Community_Council_of_Ministers|lwa baminisita b’omukago gwa East African Community Council of Ministers]], ekyakola obulabe munkola y'emirimu gy'olukiiko. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gastorn |first=Kennedy |date=2015 |title=The Inevitable Reforms of the Legislative Competencies of the East African Legislative Assembly |journal=Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=28–48 |doi=10.5771/0506-7286-2015-1-28 |issn=0506-7286 |jstor=26160046 |s2cid=154384509 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ebijjuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} 6vj887wyrnngv3f0fldmaafvcoo9p12 Lydia Mungherera 0 11764 78179 77943 2026-11-08T01:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78179 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox biography vcard" |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Dr.</div><div class="fn"> Lydia Mungherera, omusajja omulala</div> |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Obutuuze | class="infobox-data category" | [[Uganda]] |- class="infobox-data role" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Okusoma | class="infobox-data" | [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|Diguli mu by’obusawo, Diguli mu by’okulongoosa]] |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Alma&nbsp;mater | class="infobox-data" | [[Makerere University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]], . [[Gayaza High School|Essomero lya Gayaza High School]], . Essomero lya Pulayimale e Nakasero |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Omulimu (emirimu) . | class="infobox-data role" | Omusawo, Omulwanirizi w’eddembe, Omusomesa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Omukulu | class="infobox-data org" | [[Government of Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Maama | class="infobox-data" | Omugenzi Joyce Mungherera |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ab'ekika | class="infobox-data" | Omugenzi [[Margaret Mungherera]] (Mwannyinaffe) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Engule | class="infobox-data" | Engule ya Red Ribbon Award eya 2008. Engule y'okwenkanankana olw'okwegatta ku by'obulamu 2015. HIHA ewadde engule ya Life Time Award mu mutendera gwa 2023. |} '''Lydia Mungherera''' [[munnayuganda]] [[omusawo omukugu]], munnabyanjigiriza, mulwanirizi w'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya ''',''' omukozi w'amateeka era ateeka munkola empenda eziba zitemeddwa n'okunyweza emikago okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ennungi (Global Policy and Advocacy Officer) . <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=The Team |url=https://kuboreshaafrica.news.blog/the-team/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=KUBORESHA-AFRICA LIMITED |language=en}}</ref> Ye mutandisi era [[omukulembeze owokuntikko]] owa kiraabu ya Mamas Club [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Omu ku batandisi]] ba The Global Athena Network,[[mmemba]] ku [[Lukiiko olufuzi olw'akakiiko akalwanyisa mukenenya|lukiiko olufuzi olw'akakiiko akalwanyisa mukenenya / siriimu]] (Uganda AIDSComission -UAC), n'ekibiina ky'ensi yonna eky'abakyala abawangaala n'akawuka ka mukenenya ( The International Community of Women Living With HIV) . <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MenEngage Uganda has new secretariat! |url=https://menengageafrica.org/news-item/menengage-uganda-new-secretariat/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MenEngage Africa Alliance |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lydia Mungherera Archives |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/dr-lydia-mungherera/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> N'era Akolagana ne [[The AIDS Support Organization|TASO,]] ekiwagira eddimu ly'okulwanyisa akawuka ka mukenenya . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=Uganda Aids Commission yet to hear from gov't on HIV/AIDS trust fund |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uganda-aids-commission-yet-to-hear-from-govt-on-hiv-aids-trust-fund/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Global Fund]] mu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mugherera on Global Fund board |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1151846/mugherera-global-fund-board |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Ali mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa akawuka ka [[Mukenenya|mukenenya / siriimu]] , Akafuba n'olutalo lw'akafuba ne mukenenya ng’aggumiza buli kiseera eri ensi nti abakyala n’abawala bali mu bulabe balina okufiibwako . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Welbourn |first=Alice |date=2011 |title=Review of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Politics, Aid and Globalisation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306003 |journal=Gender and Development |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=337–339 |doi=10.1080/13552074.2011.592642 |issn=1355-2074 |jstor=41306003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Yalondebwa ku bwa Pulezidenti bw'ekibbiina kya Uganda omwegattira abasawo ki (Uganda Medical Association) mu 2000 (Nga ye mukyala eyasooka okubeera mu kifo ekyo) oluvannyuma n’afuuka Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta abasawo mu nsi yonna mu 2013 (Nga ye muddugavu eyasooka okubeera mu kifo kino). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Celebrating women who broke the gender barrier |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/celebrating-women-who-broke-the-gender-barrier-1811404 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galaxy |date=2019-03-07 |title=Women's Day: Here is a list of seven most powerful Ugandan women leaders who broke the gender 'fence' and became the first in their fields |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2019/03/07/womens-day-here-is-a-list-of-seven-most-powerful-ugandan-women-leaders-who-broke-the-gender-fence-and-became-the-first-in-their-fields/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso okuwagira etteeka erirwanyisa effujjo n'obutabanguko ebikolebwa ku bakyala ([[IVAWA]]), enkola yAmerika abangi gye baagoba nga " okukakaatibwako obuwangwa bwayo" . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Reaching out to the vulnerable |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/reaching-out-to-the-vulnerable-1512996 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yatandikawo ekibiina kya Pan African Treatment Access Movement era ne yeegatta ku [[kibiina ky'ensi yonna eky'abakyala abawangaala n'akawuka ka mukenenya]] (ICW), ng’akiikirira omukutu guno mu mu kitongole ky'amawanga amagatte ekirwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukenenya / siriimu -[[UNAIDS]] n'ekitongole ekitwala eby'obulamu mu nsi yonna- [[WHO]] mu [[Geneva]] okuva mu 2003. == Obuvo bwe n'ebyenjigiriza == Mungherera alina [[baganda be beyazaalibwa nabo]] abataano (Omuli n’omugenzi Dr [[Margaret Mungherera]] ) yazaalibwa eri omugenzi Joyce Mungherera. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Dr Margaret Mungherera's body returned home |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-margaret-mungherera-s-body-returned-home-1687056 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Hundreds mourn Joyce Mungherera |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1409989/hundreds-mourn-joyce-mungherera |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Yasomera ku ssomero lya pulayimale erya Nakasero ne [[Gayaza High School]] ku misomo gye egya siniya era yaweebwa ekifo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] gye yasomera [[obusawo]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=Lydia Mungherera: Yet another noteworthy face in the HIV fight |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/lydia-mungherera-yet-another-noteworthy-face-in-the-hiv-fight-1530370 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Kenneth |date=2017-02-09 |title=Dr. Mungherera: The Life of a Passionate, People Loving Psychiatric |url=https://chimpreports.com/dr-mungherera-the-life-of-a-passionate-people-loving-psychiatric/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yazuulibwamu n’akawuka ka mukenenya / siriimu mu 1997 e [[South Africa]] gyeyali akolera okumala emyaka nga munaana .Yakomezebwawo e Uganda gye yatandikira ku bujjanjabi bwa ARVs n’awona era mu 1998. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2017-12-01 |title=30 years with HIV and counting: These people are living proof that HIV is not a death sentence – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014855/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mungherera yafuna ebisaanyizo ng'[[Omusawo|omusawo omukugu]] mu 1984, yatandika okukola n'abantu mu bitundu mu 1998. <ref name=":0"/> Yakoera mu [[South Africa]] okumala emyaka nga 8 ng’omusawo. <ref name=":0" /> Yeegatta ku kitongole ekijanjaba n'okubudaabuda abalwadde ba mukenenya / siriimu ki - [[The AIDS Support Organization|TASO]] mu 1999, yalondebwa kubwa pulezidenti bw'ekibiina kya Uganda ekigatta abasawo ki ( Uganda Medical Association) mu 2000, oluvannyuma n’afuuka pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta abasawo mu nsi yonna mu 2013. Mu 2004, yatandikawo kiraabu ya Mamas era ye mukulembeze waayo owokuntikko ,era yali omu ku baatandika Uganda Cares mu [[Masaka]] okuwa [[empeeke eziweweeza ku kawuka ka mukenenya / siriimu]] ([[Anti-retroviral drugs]] ) ez'obwerere eri abantu abawangaala n'akawuka ka mukenenya / siriimu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2017-12-01 |title=30 years with HIV and counting: These people are living proof that HIV is not a death sentence – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014855/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":6"/> <ref name=":1"/> Era ye Mutandisi wa The Global Athena Network. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partners for Advancing Clinical Education Homepage {{!}} Partners for Advancing Clinical Education |url=https://paceducation.com/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=paceducation.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409020631/https://paceducation.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aweereza ng’omubaka ku lukiiko olukwasaganya pulogulaamu (PCB) gy’akiikirira ebiibiina by'Afirika [[eby'obwanakyewa]] ku [[lukiiko olufuzi]] olwa [[UNAIDS]] okuva 2003, mmemba ku [[kakiiko ka Uganda akalwanyisa obulwadde bwa mukenenya / siriimu]] ( [[Uganda AIDS Commision-UAC]]) era ali ku kakiiko akawi k'amagezi / akawabula ku nkola z’ebyobulamu (HPAC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The national policy guidelines and service standards for sexual and reproductive health and rights |url=https://platform.who.int/docs/default-source/mca-documents/policy-documents/guideline/UGA-CC-31-01-GUIDELINE-2017-eng-SRHR-Policy-Guidelines-and-Service-Standards.pdf |website=platform.who.int}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Fionnuala |date=2024-07-08 |title=Highlights from the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board meeting |url=https://frontlineaids.org/highlights-unaids-pcb-meeting/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Frontline AIDS |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=What happened at the 26th meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board (PCB) in Geneva, Switzerland, June 22-24, 2010? |url=https://unaidspcbngo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Summary-Bulletin-26-PCB-English.pdf |website=unaidspcbngo.org}}</ref> Member w'ekibiina ky’ensi yonna eky’abakyala abawangaala n'akawuka ka mukenenya / siriimu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Zoya |date=2014-07-23 |title=Why the face of AIDS pandemic is now female |url=https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/why-the-face-of-aids-pandemic-is-now-female/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Women's Agenda |language=en-AU}}</ref> Memba w[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo ba Uganda|'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo ba Uganda abakugu]] (Uganda Medical Association-[[UMA]]) . <ref name="admin">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-04-13 |title=Dr. Mungherera Envisions Better Policy Execution At Ministry Of Health – HIHA |url=https://hihaawards.com/mungherera-envisions-better-policy-execution-at-the-ministry-of-health/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014638/https://hihaawards.com/mungherera-envisions-better-policy-execution-at-the-ministry-of-health/ |archive-date=2025-04-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Memba w’ekibiina ki Men Engage Gender Equality Network of Uganda, kyakozesa nga omukutu okussa essira ku mirimu gy’abasajja mu nsonga z’omukwano n'eddembe mu by'oblamu by'okuzaala. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=21 November 2021 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati-120386 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=- Bukedde Online – Amawulire |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/world/120386/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014641/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/world/120386/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=13 November 2023 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-police-takes-lead-in-international-men-NV_174719 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> == Awaadi n’ebituukiddwaako == * Yawangula engule ya Red Ribbon mu lukungaana lw'ensi yonna olwa siriimu olw'omulundi ogwa 17 mu kibuga Mexico mu 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugandan Women Win Award At Aids Conference |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200808110190.html |website=allafrica.com}}</ref> * Yawangula engule y’okwenkanankana olw’okwegatta ku by’obulamu wansi wa SMUG GALA AND EQUALITY AWARDS 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2015 |title=SMUG GALA AND EQUALITY AWARDS 2015 – Sexual Minorities Uganda |url=https://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/smug-gala-and-equality-awards-2015/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910145232/http://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/smug-gala-and-equality-awards-2015/ |archive-date=2024-09-10 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=sexualminoritiesuganda.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'engule za HIHA, omutendera gw'engule z'obulamu bw'obulamu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/health/minister-calls-for-multisectoral-support-towa-NV_174841 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Awardees for 2023 – HIHA |url=https://hihaawards.com/awardees-for-2023/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411015004/https://hihaawards.com/awardees-for-2023/ |archive-date=2025-04-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="admin"/> * Omuwanguzi w'empaka z'ebyobulamu mu Afrika eza 2024. == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Mungherera awangadde n'obulwadde bwa mukenenya / siriimu, obwamuttira bba mu 1992, teyaddamu kufumbirwa naye alina abaana babiri omutabani n’omuwala. <ref name=":6"/> == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=Lydia Mungherera: Yet another noteworthy face in the HIV fight |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/lydia-mungherera-yet-another-noteworthy-face-in-the-hiv-fight-1530370 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=The Team |url=https://kuboreshaafrica.news.blog/the-team/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=KUBORESHA-AFRICA LIMITED |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=MenEngage Uganda has new secretariat! |url=https://menengageafrica.org/news-item/menengage-uganda-new-secretariat/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MenEngage Africa Alliance |language=en-GB}} # {{Cite web |title=Dr Lydia Mungherera Archives |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/dr-lydia-mungherera/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=Uganda Aids Commission yet to hear from gov't on HIV/AIDS trust fund |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uganda-aids-commission-yet-to-hear-from-govt-on-hiv-aids-trust-fund/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=Mugherera on Global Fund board |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1151846/mugherera-global-fund-board |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=New Vision}} # {{Cite journal |last=Welbourn |first=Alice |date=2011 |title=Review of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Politics, Aid and Globalisation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306003 |journal=Gender and Development |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=337–339 |doi=10.1080/13552074.2011.592642 |issn=1355-2074 |jstor=41306003 |url-access=subscription}} # {{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Celebrating women who broke the gender barrier |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/celebrating-women-who-broke-the-gender-barrier-1811404 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |last=Galaxy |date=2019-03-07 |title=Women's Day: Here is a list of seven most powerful Ugandan women leaders who broke the gender 'fence' and became the first in their fields |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2019/03/07/womens-day-here-is-a-list-of-seven-most-powerful-ugandan-women-leaders-who-broke-the-gender-fence-and-became-the-first-in-their-fields/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}{{Reflist}} # {{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Reaching out to the vulnerable |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/reaching-out-to-the-vulnerable-1512996 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Dr Margaret Mungherera's body returned home |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-margaret-mungherera-s-body-returned-home-1687056 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Hundreds mourn Joyce Mungherera |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1409989/hundreds-mourn-joyce-mungherera |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=New Vision}} # {{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Kenneth |date=2017-02-09 |title=Dr. Mungherera: The Life of a Passionate, People Loving Psychiatric |url=https://chimpreports.com/dr-mungherera-the-life-of-a-passionate-people-loving-psychiatric/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2017-12-01 |title=30 years with HIV and counting: These people are living proof that HIV is not a death sentence – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014855/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2017-12-01 |title=30 years with HIV and counting: These people are living proof that HIV is not a death sentence – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014855/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20171201/30-years-with-hiv-and-counting-these-people-are-living-proof-that-hiv-is-not-a-death-sentence/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=Partners for Advancing Clinical Education Homepage {{!}} Partners for Advancing Clinical Education |url=https://paceducation.com/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=paceducation.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409020631/https://paceducation.com/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=The national policy guidelines and service standards for sexual and reproductive health and rights |url=https://platform.who.int/docs/default-source/mca-documents/policy-documents/guideline/UGA-CC-31-01-GUIDELINE-2017-eng-SRHR-Policy-Guidelines-and-Service-Standards.pdf |website=platform.who.int}} # {{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Fionnuala |date=2024-07-08 |title=Highlights from the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board meeting |url=https://frontlineaids.org/highlights-unaids-pcb-meeting/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Frontline AIDS |language=en-GB}} # {{Cite web |title=What happened at the 26th meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board (PCB) in Geneva, Switzerland, June 22-24, 2010? |url=https://unaidspcbngo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Summary-Bulletin-26-PCB-English.pdf |website=unaidspcbngo.org}} # {{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Zoya |date=2014-07-23 |title=Why the face of AIDS pandemic is now female |url=https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/why-the-face-of-aids-pandemic-is-now-female/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Women's Agenda |language=en-AU}} # {{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-04-13 |title=Dr. Mungherera Envisions Better Policy Execution At Ministry Of Health – HIHA |url=https://hihaawards.com/mungherera-envisions-better-policy-execution-at-the-ministry-of-health/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014638/https://hihaawards.com/mungherera-envisions-better-policy-execution-at-the-ministry-of-health/ |archive-date=2025-04-11 |url-status=dead}} # {{Cite web |date=21 November 2021 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati-120386 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}} # {{Cite web |title=- Bukedde Online – Amawulire |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/world/120386/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411014641/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/world/120386/in-pictures-how-ugandans-celebrated-internati |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |date=13 November 2023 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-police-takes-lead-in-international-men-NV_174719 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}} # {{Cite web |title=Ugandan Women Win Award At Aids Conference |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200808110190.html |website=allafrica.com}} # {{Cite web |date=21 December 2015 |title=SMUG GALA AND EQUALITY AWARDS 2015 – Sexual Minorities Uganda |url=https://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/smug-gala-and-equality-awards-2015/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910145232/http://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/smug-gala-and-equality-awards-2015/ |archive-date=2024-09-10 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=sexualminoritiesuganda.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=New Vision – Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/health/minister-calls-for-multisectoral-support-towa-NV_174841 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}} # {{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Awardees for 2023 – HIHA |url=https://hihaawards.com/awardees-for-2023/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411015004/https://hihaawards.com/awardees-for-2023/ |archive-date=2025-04-11 |url-status=dead}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Ebikwata ku AHAS 2024 * [[The AIDS Support Organization|Ekitongole ekiwagira mukenenya]]  [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] 1r0lo2gs3huma00i12fmek6vr7v6l5o Jayden Onen, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo 0 11796 78169 76433 2026-11-08T00:53:12Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jayden Roy Onen''' (yazaalibwa 17 Ogw'okubiri 2001) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]] mu Bungereza ogw'ekikugu era azannyira [[:en:Attacking_midfielder|ng'omuwuwuttanyi alumba]] mu kiraabu [[:en:USL_League_One|ya USL League One]] [[:en:USL_League_One|FC Naples]] . Onen kiva mu academies za [[:en:Arsenal_F.C.|Arsenal]], [[:en:Crystal_Palace_F.C.|Crystal Palace]] ne [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] era omulimu gwe ogw’ekikugu yagutandikira mu [[:en:Brentford_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy#Relaunch_(2016%E2%80%93present)|Brentford B]] mu 2018. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala ebbanga mu ttiimu za U23 mu [[:en:Reading_F.C.|Reading]] ne [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]], yagenda mu Amerika mu 2023. Eyo gye yazannyira kiraabu za USL League One eza [[:en:Forward_Madison_FC|Forward Madison]], [[:en:Lexington_SC|Lexington SC]] ne FC Naples mu kibuga ky’e Naples. == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == === Emyaka gy’obuvubuka === [[:en:Attacking_midfielder|Omuzannyi wa makkati alumba]], Onen yatandika omulimu gwe mu [[:en:Arsenal_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy|ttendekero lya Arsenal]], <ref name="Soccerway">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy</ref> nga taneegatta ku [[:en:Crystal_Palace_F.C._Reserves|Crystal Palace]] ku ddiiru ya sikaala mu 2017. <ref name="FullName">{{Cite web |title=Squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |url=http://www.premierleague.com/news/465277 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=www.premierleague.com |language=en}}</ref> Yasigala mu [[:en:Selhurst_Park|Selhurst Park]] okutuusa mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 2017, lwe yeegatta ku [[:en:Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy|ttendekero lya Brighton & Hove Albion]] ng'omukenkufu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen – Midfielder – U18 Team |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/teams/u18-team/midfielder/jayden-onen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217164134/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/teams/u18-team/midfielder/jayden-onen/ |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=Brighton & Hove Albion}}</ref> Onen yazannya omupiira gumu [[:en:EFL_Trophy|ogwa EFL Trophy]] ku ttiimu ya Albion eya U21 mu sizoni ya [[:en:2018–19_Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._season|2018–19]], <ref name="Soccerbase1819">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._season</ref> nga tannayimbulwa mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri 2018. <ref name="SignsBrentford">{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen signs for Brentford B |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/jayden-onen-signs-for-brentford-b_347417 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Liigi y'omupiira eya Bungereza === Nga 17 December 2018, Onen [[:en:Free_transfer_(association_football)|yakyuka n’agenda]] mu [[:en:Brentford_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy#Relaunch_(2016%E2%80%93present)|ttiimu ya B]] mu kiraabu ya [[:en:EFL_Championship|Championship]] [[:en:Brentford_F.C.|Brentford]] n’akola endagaano ya myezi 18.<ref name="SignsBrentford"/> Yazannya emipiira 30 era n’ateeba ggoolo ssatu mu ttiimu ya B nga tannayimbulwa ku nkomerero ya sizoni [[:en:2019–20_Brentford_F.C._season|ya 2019–20]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine players depart Brentford FC |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707050826/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |archive-date=7 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:en:Loan_(sports)|Ebbanja]] ly’omwezi gumu mu kiraabu ya [[:en:Bromley_F.C.|Bromley]] eya [[:en:National_League_(division)|liigi y’eggwanga]] ku nkomerero ya 2019 yavaamu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|omupiira]] gumu gwokka ogw’okukyusakyusa mu kiseera ky’obuvune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen joins Bromley on one-month youth loan deal |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/november/jayden-onen-joins-bromley-on-one-month-youth-loan-deal/ |access-date=23 November 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123172158/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/november/jayden-onen-joins-bromley-on-one-month-youth-loan-deal/ |archive-date=23 November 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaden Brissett and Jayden Onen back with Brentford B following loan stints |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/december/jaden-brissett-and-jayden-onen-back-with-brentford-b-following-loan-stints/ |access-date=24 December 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224004018/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/december/jaden-brissett-and-jayden-onen-back-with-brentford-b-following-loan-stints/ |archive-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga 6 Ogw'ekkumin'ogumu 2020, oluvannyuma lw'okugezesebwa okulungi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2020 |title=Uganda Cranes midfielder signs contract with English club |url=https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/uganda-cranes-midfielder-signs-contract-with-english-club/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212140939/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/uganda-cranes-midfielder-signs-contract-with-english-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Onen yeegatta ku ttiimu ya [[:en:Reading_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy|U23]] mu kiraabu ya Championship [[:en:Reading_F.C.|Reading]] ku ndagaano egenda okutuusa ku nkomerero ya sizoni ya [[:en:2020–21_Reading_F.C._season|2020–21]] . <ref name="Lusulire">{{Cite web |last=Lusulire |first=Ronnie |date=27 September 2020 |title=Uganda Cranes starlet joins Reading FC U-23 side |url=http://www.bigwhalesports.com/uganda-cranes-starlet-joins-reading-fc-u-23-side/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=BigWhale sports |language=en |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228184323/http://www.bigwhalesports.com/uganda-cranes-starlet-joins-reading-fc-u-23-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu sizoni eyasigalawo, yali muzannyi wa ttiimu esooka nga takozesebwa ku mirundi 16 era yazannya emipiira ebiri ng'endagaano ye tennaggwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |title=✉️ Contracts offered, clauses triggered, loans end and best wishes issued for those set for pastures new… |url=https://www.readingfc.co.uk/news/2021/may/contracts-offered-clauses-triggered-loans-end-and-best-wishes-issued-for-those-set-for-pastures-new/ |access-date=12 May 2021 |website=www.readingfc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okugezesebwa, Onen yassa omukono ku ndagaano egenda okutuusa ku nkomerero ya sizoni [[:en:2021–22_Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C._season|ya 2021–22]] ne ttiimu [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C._Academy|ya U23]] mu kiraabu [[:en:EFL_League_One|ya Liigi emu]] eya [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen signs for Wednesday |url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/december/jayden-onen-signs-for-wednesday/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]}}</ref><ref name="LeavesSheffW" /> Yalemererwa okuwangula okuyitibwa mu ttiimu ya ttiimu esooka ey’olunaku lw’omupiira era n’ayimbulwa endagaano ye bwe yaggwaako.<ref name="LeavesSheffW">{{Cite web |title=Owls confirm Under-23 departures |url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2022/march/owls-confirm-23s-departures/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]}}</ref> === USL Liigi Esooka === Nga 17 Ogusooka 2023, Onen yakola endagaano ya mwaka gumu ne kiraabu ya [[:en:USL_League_One|USL League One]] [[:en:Forward_Madison_FC|Forward Madison]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Warwick |first=Evan |date=17 January 2023 |title=Forward Madison FC Signs Versatile Attacker Jayden Onen |url=https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/01/17/forward-madison-signs-versatile-attacker-jayden-onen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117180438/https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/01/17/forward-madison-signs-versatile-attacker-jayden-onen/ |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=17 January 2023 |publisher=[[Forward Madison FC]]}}</ref> Yazannya emipiira 27 n’ateeba ggoolo nnya mu [[:en:2023_Forward_Madison_FC_season|sizoni ya 2023]] eyakomekkerezebwa ng’akubwa ‘quarter’ ku ‘playoff’. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forward Madison FC Finish 2023 Season In Colorado |url=https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/10/21/forward-madison-fc-finish-2023-season-in-colorado/ |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=Forward Madison FC |language=en-US |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029132809/https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/10/21/forward-madison-fc-finish-2023-season-in-colorado/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omutindo gwa Onen gwasiimibwa n'okusunsulwamu okuwangula engule ya USL League One Young Player of the Year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jackson Khoury Named Tormenta FC Newcomer of the Year |url=https://www.tormentafc.com/news/2023/11/15/jackson-khoury-named-south-georgia-tormenta-fc-newcomer-of-the-year-for-the-2023-season/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=South Georgia Tormenta FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Ogusooka ogwa 2024, yeegatta ku [[:en:Lexington_SC|Lexington SC]] ku bwereere era yazannya emipiira 14 mu [[:en:2024_Lexington_SC_season|sizoni ya 2024]] . <ref name="Soccerway" /> <ref name="SignsLexington">{{Cite web |title=Midfielder Jayden Onen set to join Lexington Sporting Club |url=https://www.lexsporting.com/news/midfielder-jayden-onen-set-to-join-lexington-sporting-club/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Lexington Sporting Club |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri 2024, Onen yafuuka [[:en:FC_Naples|FC Naples]] eyasooka okugula nga yeetegekera sizoni ya kiraabu eno eyasooka mu [[:en:2025_FC_Naples_season|2025]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Naples Welcomes Jayden Onen as Inaugural Player Signing |url=https://www.fcnaples.com/news/2024/12/09/fc-naples-welcomes-jayden-onen-as-inaugural-player-signing/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=FC Naples |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ensi yonna == Onen yayitibwa ku ttiimu ya [[Uganda Cranes|Uganda]] mu mpaka bbiri [[:en:2021_Africa_Cup_of_Nations_qualification_Group_B|ez’okusunsulamu abalizannya ekikopo kya Afrika ekya 2021]] mu Ogw'okusatu ogwa 2020, oluvannyuma ne [[:en:Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football#Continental_tournaments|zongezebwayo.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers postponed |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/march/caf-call-up-update/ |access-date=14 March 2020 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320122318/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/march/caf-call-up-update/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yetaba mu [[:en:Training_camp|nkambi y'okutendekebwa]] e [[:en:Dubai|Dubai]] mu Ogw'ekkumi 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Full Uganda Cranes Delegation for Dubai Training Camp |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/full-uganda-cranes-delegation-for-dubai-training-camp/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Onen ava mu Uganda. <ref name="Lusulire"/> Mu July 2020, kyategeezebwa nti [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] yali egezaako okutegekera Onen [[:en:Dual-citizenship|obutuuze bwa mirundi ebiri]] ne Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know Your Football Star: Jayden Onen |url=https://www.nen.co.ug/en/know-your-football-star-jayden-onen/ |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebibalo by’emirimu == {{Updated|match played 27 July 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup[a] ! colspan="2" |League cup[b] ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion U21 |2018–19 | colspan="7" |— |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |Bromley (loan) |2019–20 |National League |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |Reading |2020–21 |Championship |1 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Forward Madison |2023<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |26 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |27 |4 |- |Lexington SC |2024<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |8 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |FC Naples |2025<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |15 |4 |3 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |21 |5 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !50 !7 !6 !2 !8 !0 !2 !0 !66 !9 |} <references group="lower-alpha" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] oh2j2xi3eu95xwesc1fpyhxtjmbqmrk Judith Heard 0 11843 78132 78062 2026-11-07T18:27:37Z Martinkagweri 9351 ngasekko ebifananyi 78132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Omuntu | Erinnya = Judith Heard | Erinnya ery'obuzaale = Judith Allen Heard | Ekikula = mukazi | Ensi y'obutuuze = [[Uganda]] | Yazaalibwa nga = 13 March 1986 | Gy'azaalibwa = [[Gulu]], [[Uganda]] | Omulimu = model, omukola emisono | Ebbanga ly'akol edde = 2002– kati | Amanyiddwa olw = eby'okukola emisono n'eby'obulambuzi }} '''Judith Allen Heard''', amanyiddwa ennyo nga ''Judith Heard'' (yazaalibwa nga 13 omwezi Ogw'okussatu mu mwaka gwa 1986), <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-08 |title=34 Year Old Socialite Judith Heard to Represent Uganda at Miss Elite-Egypt 2020 • The Campus Times |url=https://www.campustimesug.com/34-year-old-socialite-judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-egypt-2020/ |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=The Campus Times |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603011612/https://www.campustimesug.com/34-year-old-socialite-judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-egypt-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=I'm pretty and blessed, haters are expected-Judith Heard |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/i-m-pretty-and-blessed-haters-are-expected-judith-heard-1569258 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> [[Yuganda|munnayuganda]] omukugu mu by'obutonde, mukozi wa misono era yali mutegesi wa mukolo ogumanyiddwa nga "the 50 millions Trees for Africa" ogugenderera okuyamba ku mbeera y'obudde. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruva |first=Roy |title=Roger Mugisha, Judith Heard, And Jackie O To Host Abryanz Fashion Awards – Chano8 |url=https://chano8.com/roger-mugisha-judith-heard-jackie-o-host-abryanz-fashion-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417105423/https://chano8.com/roger-mugisha-judith-heard-jackie-o-host-abryanz-fashion-awards/ |archive-date=2022-04-17 |access-date=2020-12-30}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2017 |title=#WCW: Judith Heard, the down to earth socialite with a big heart for the needy |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2017/01/04/wcw-judith-heard-the-down-to-earth-socialite-with-a-big-heart-for-the-needy/ |access-date=September 11, 2025 |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930125220/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2017/01/04/wcw-judith-heard-the-down-to-earth-socialite-with-a-big-heart-for-the-needy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Judith Heard blends beauty and charity |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/judith-heard-blends-beauty-and-charity--1310756 |website=The East African}}</ref> Yatikkirwa engule ya Miss Africa mu ''mpaka za Miss Elite Awards 2021'' okuva e Misiri, ''Miss Environment International Africa'' 2022 e Mumbai, Buyindi ne ''Hollywood Green Carpet Fashion Awards’ Global Young Leader'' olw’okukolagana kwe wakati w’ebikolwa by’obutonde, eddembe ly’obuntu, obwenkanya n’enzikiriza y’abakyala mu nsi yonna mu 2024. <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2021 |title=Judith Heard crowned Miss Elite Africa 2021 - 2022 |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/05/30/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa-2021-2022/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JUDITH HEARD TO REPRESENT UGANDA AT MISS ELITE 2020. – Miss Elite |url=https://misseliteworld.com/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-2020/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522161607/https://misseliteworld.com/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |last=Kitimbo |first=Pearl Elisabeth |date=September 8, 2020 |title=Judith Heard to Represent Uganda in Miss Elite-Egypt 2020 |url=https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-in-miss-elite-egypt-2020/}}</ref> <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2021 |title=Judith Heard crowned Miss Elite Africa |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/entertainment-news/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930125219/https://www.kfm.co.ug/entertainment-news/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa.html |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=June 21, 2021}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n'eby'enjigiriza == Yazaalibwa omugenzi John Musana <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Unknown Biography Of Ugandan Model Judith Heard |url=https://blizz.co.ug/587/The-Unknown-Biography-Of-Ugandan-Model-Judith-Heard |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> ne Olive Night Bitature <ref>{{cite web |date=April 3, 2015 |title=Judith Heard on her role in 'Muganga' local TV series |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/187552 |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> mu 1986 e Gulu mu Uganda. Judith yasomera ku Kampala Parents Primary School, Kigali Parents School, <ref>{{cite web |title=Judith Heard blends beauty and charity |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.kehttps//www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/judith-heard-blends-beauty-and-charity--1310756 |website=The East African}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Fawe Girls Secondary School oluvannyuma neyegatta ku Ndera Secondary School e Kigali Rwanda. <ref name="auto2"/> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2008-10-27 |title=Judith Heard: A Model with passion for the underprivileged |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1178192/judith-heard-model-passion-underprivileged |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> [[File:Judith Heard (Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2022).jpg|thumb|'''Judith Heard (Emikolo gy'Engoye n'Emisono egya Abryanz mu 2022)''']] == Eby'emirimu == Judith Heard mwolesi wa misono mukugu Okusinziira ku akawunti [[:en:Publicist|z’omuwandiisi w’amawulire]] ku BMP, Judith yajja mu Uganda n’atandika okukola ne kkampuni ya [[:en:Sylivia_Owori|Sylivia Owori]] eyolesa emisono <ref name="auto"/> n’afuuka ffeesi ya katabo ka African Woman Magazine mu 2002. <ref name="auto2"/> Yeetaba mu myoleso gy'engoye ez’enjawulo omuli New York fashion week, <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |title=Contact Support |url=https://satisfashionug.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi |website=satisfashionug.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |title=Photos: Judith Heard shines at New York Fashion Week &#124; Showbizuganda |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/photos-judith-heard-shines-at-new-york-fashion-week/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Umunyarwanda Judith Heard aragaragara muri New York Fashion Week |url=https://genesisbizz.com/umunyarwanda-judith-heard-aragaragara-muri-new-york-fashion-week |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930125220/https://genesisbizz.com/umunyarwanda-judith-heard-aragaragara-muri-new-york-fashion-week |archive-date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=genesisbizz.com}}</ref> Paris Fashion Week, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2018 |title=Stella Atal, Judith Heard represent Uganda at International Fashion event in Paris |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/features/entertainment/2018/11/stella-atal-judith-heard-represent-uganda-at-international-fashion-event-in-paris.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact Support |url=http://satisfashionug.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi |website=satisfashionug.com}}</ref> Rwanda Collective Fashion Week <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Judith Heard shines at Collective Fashion Week in Rwanda |url=https://bigeye.ug/judith-heard-shines-collective-fashion-week-rwanda/}}</ref> <ref name="auto4" /> Abryanz Fashion style and Fashion awards <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2020 |title=3 TIME ASFA WINNER JUDITH HEARD SET TO REPRESENT UGANDA AT MISS ELITE IN EGYPT |url=https://abryanzstyleandfashionawards.com/3-time-asfa-winner-judith-heard-set-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-in-egypt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728163046/https://abryanzstyleandfashionawards.com/3-time-asfa-winner-judith-heard-set-to-represent-uganda-at-miss-elite-in-egypt/ |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |access-date=December 30, 2020 |website=ASFAs}}</ref> Mu mwezi Ogw'omwenda mu 2020, Judith Heard yayitibwa okukiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za Miss Elite Competitions 2020 e Misiri. <ref name="auto3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2020 |title=Judith Heard to represent Uganda in Miss Elite Pageant |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2020/09/judith-heard-to-represent-uganda-in-miss-elite-pageant.html}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Judith Heard yafumbirwa Richard Heard mu 2003 ne baawukana mu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-23 |title=Judith Heard Reveals Why She Broke Up With Husband Richard Heard |url=https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-reveals-why-she-broke-up-with-husband-richard-heard/ |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Maama w’abaana 3; Brandon Richard Heard, Branda Jolie Heard ne Briana Bella Heard. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigye |first=Shifa |title=Here comes celebrity Nnalongo Judith Heard |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930125220/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard |archive-date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda}}</ref> == Ebirala byoyinza okulowozaako == Mu mwezi Ogw'okubiri mu 2019, Judith yatongoza ekibiina kya Day One Global <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2019 |title=Judith Heard Launches 'Day One Global' To Fight Rape & Sexual Assault |url=https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-launches-day-one-global-to-fight-rape-sexual-assault/ |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okukabasanya abakyala n'okubakaka akaboozi k'ekikulu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=I want to stand up for every woman experiencing abuse |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-46883037 |via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> Akozeeko n'ekibiina kya Sanyu babies home mu Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssemwanga |first=Musa |date=2016-12-29 |title=Judith Heard gives back to kids |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1443008/judith-heard-kids |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref name="auto1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judith Heard donates to children in Kigali – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201412/four-one-one/judith-heard-donates-to-children-in-kigali.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigye |first=Shifa |title=Here comes celebrity Nnalongo Judith Heard |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930125220/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=3049:here-comes-celebrity-nnalongo-judith-heard |archive-date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Okusunsulwa n’okuweebwa engule == {| class="wikitable" !Omwaka ! Ekirabo ! Olubu ! Abasunsuddwa (abasunsuddwa) . ! Alizaati ! Ref. |- | 2015 |Engule y'emisono eya Abryanz | Omukyala Asinga Sitayiro mu Mwaka |Judith Heard ! align="center" |Yawangula ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2016 |title=Judith Heard named Reel African Hero of the month in South Africa |url=https://bigeye.ug/judith-heard-awarded-reel-african-hero-month-south-africa/}}</ref> |- | 2016 |Engule y'omuzira wa Africa | Omuzira w'omwezi |Judith Heard| {{won}} ! align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judith Heard {{sic|Aw|ared|nolink=y}} HERO Of The Month |url=https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/14258/judith-heard-wins-big-in-south-africa |website=www.howwebiz.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards winners |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/abryanz-style-fashion-awards-winners.html}}</ref> |- | 2016 |Engule y'emisono eya Abryanz | Omukyala Asinga Sitayiro mu Mwaka |Judith Heard| {{nom}} ! align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards winners |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/abryanz-style-fashion-awards-winners.html}}</ref> <ref name="auto4"/> |- | 2017 | Engule za Starqt |Omukyala asinga okwambala |Judith Heard| {{nom}} ! align="center" | |- | 2017 |Engule y'emisono eya Abryanz |Omukyala sereebu asinze okwambala mu mwaka |Judith Heard| {{nom}} ! align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-11 |title=Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 rock Kampala |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1467349/abryanz-style-fashion-awards-2017-rock-kampala |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2017 |title=Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017 &#124; Nominees List |url=https://www.bellanaijastyle.com/abryanz-awards-2017-nominees-list/}}</ref> |- | 2018 |Engule y'emisono eya Abryanz |Omukyala sereebu asinze okwambala mu mwaka |Judith Heard| {{nom}} ! align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssejjombwe |first=Isaac |title=Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards nominee list out – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201810/four-one-one/abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards-nominee-list-out.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Full List Of Winners At Abryanz Stlye & Fashion Awards 2018 |url=https://chimpreports.com/full-list-of-winners-at-abryanz-stlye-fashion-awards-2018/ |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> |- |2021 | Engule za Miss Elite | Nnalulungi wa Afrika |Judith Heard| {{won}} | |- |2022 | Nnalulungi w’obutonde bw’ensi | Ebuyindi ! align="center" |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitimbo |first=Pearl Elisabeth |date=May 30, 2021 |title=Judith Heard Crowned Miss Elite Africa 2021/2022 |url=https://chimpreports.com/judith-heard-crowned-miss-elite-africa-2021-2022/}}</ref> <ref name="auto5"/> <ref name="auto6"/> |} == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Heards, Judith}} 3bbqm34ulwaam6o1r3lbrj72u4u2igv Kenneth Kiyemba 0 11861 78173 41441 2026-11-08T01:04:21Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78173 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kenneth Kiyemba''' Munnayuganda [[:en:Airline_pilot|Omugoba w'ennyonyi]] era [[:en:Business_executive|Mukungu wa bizinensi]] nga [[:en:Commercial_pilot|mugoba w'ennyonyi ow'ebbaluwa]] mu [[:en:Uganda_National_Airlines_Company|Kkampuni ya Uganda ey'ennyonyi eya Uganda National Airlines,]] kampuni ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ey'ennyonyi eyazuukizibwa . <ref name="1R">https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots</ref> == Eby'emabega n’obuyigirize == Kiyemba yazaalibwa mu Uganda era yasomera pulayimale ku kyalo. Yasomera mu ''Bishop's Senior School Mukono'', nga tannazzibwa mu [[:en:Kings_College_Budo|Kings College Budo]], essomero ly'ekisulo ery'abawala n'abalenzii erya secondary mu [[:en:Wakiso_District|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], gye yafunira [[:en:High_School_Diploma|Dipuloma ye mu lusoma lw'awaggulu]]. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tracy Gwambe |first=and Apollo Mubiru |date=29 April 2019 |title=Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots |access-date=21 June 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTracy_Gwambe2019">Tracy Gwambe, and Apollo Mubiru (29 April 2019). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots "Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots"]. ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">https://web.archive.org/web/20190621204144/https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/</ref> Oluvannyuma yagenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Commercial_pilot_licence|layisinsi ye ey’okuvuga ennyonyi ng'asasulwa]] okuva mu [[:en:East_African_Civil_Aviation_Academy|ttendekero ly’ennyonyi erya East African Civil Aviation Academy]] e [[:en:Soroti|Soroti]] mu Uganda. Yayongera okutendekebwa mu kuvuga ennyonyi mu ''Epic Flight Academy'', esangibwa ku [[:en:New_Smyrna_Beach_Municipal_Airport|kisaawe ky’ennyonyi ekya New Smyrna Beach Municipal Airport]], [[:en:Volusia_County,_Florida|mu Ssaza lya Volusia, Florida]], mu Amerika. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tracy Gwambe |first=and Apollo Mubiru |date=29 April 2019 |title=Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots |access-date=21 June 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTracy_Gwambe2019">Tracy Gwambe, and Apollo Mubiru (29 April 2019). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots "Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots"]. ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=The Edge Reporter |date=1 May 2019 |title=The Crane lands in Accra on Africa tour |url=https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621204144/https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |publisher=The Edge Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThe_Edge_Reporter2019">The Edge Reporter (1 May 2019). . Kampala: The Edge Uganda. Archived from [https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ the original] on 21 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Mu 2019, yamaliriza okutendekebwa ku nnyonyi ya [[:en:Bombardier_CRJ700_series#CRJ900|Bombardier CRJ900]] mu kifo ekitendekebwamu ennyonyi ekya US Airways Flight Training Center, mu [[:en:Phoenix,_Arizona|Phoenix, Arizona]], mu Amerika. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tracy Gwambe |first=and Apollo Mubiru |date=29 April 2019 |title=Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots |access-date=21 June 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTracy_Gwambe2019">Tracy Gwambe, and Apollo Mubiru (29 April 2019). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots "Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots"]. ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=The Edge Reporter |date=1 May 2019 |title=The Crane lands in Accra on Africa tour |url=https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621204144/https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |publisher=The Edge Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThe_Edge_Reporter2019">The Edge Reporter (1 May 2019). . Kampala: The Edge Uganda. Archived from [https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ the original] on 21 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Omulimu == Mu 2019, yapangisibwa [[:en:Uganda_Airlines|kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya Uganda National Airlines]] nga Offiisa Omuvuzi w'ennyonyi eyasooka ku nnyonyi ya CRJ900, nga kampuni eno ekozesa erinnya [[:en:Uganda_National_Airlines_Company|Uganda Airlines]] okukola ensimbi. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tracy Gwambe |first=and Apollo Mubiru |date=29 April 2019 |title=Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots |access-date=21 June 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTracy_Gwambe2019">Tracy Gwambe, and Apollo Mubiru (29 April 2019). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots "Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots"]. ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=The Edge Reporter |date=1 May 2019 |title=The Crane lands in Accra on Africa tour |url=https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621204144/https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |publisher=The Edge Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThe_Edge_Reporter2019">The Edge Reporter (1 May 2019). . Kampala: The Edge Uganda. Archived from [https://edge.ug/2019/05/01/the-crane-lands-in-accra-on-africa-tour/ the original] on 21 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Yayimirizibwa ng'Omuvuzi w'ennyonyi mu Gwokutaano 2021. <ref>https://trumpetnews.co.ug/suspended-uganda-airlines-officials-received-10000-weekly-as-kickback-from-fuel-supplier/</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okulowoozaako == Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga Dayirekita w’okuddukanya emirimu mu kibiina kya Uganda Professional Pilots’ Association. Ekibiina kino kivunaanyizibwa ku kutumbula n’okukuuma ebirowoozo by'abavuzi b'ennyonyi abakugu ne bayinginiya b’ennyonyi mu Uganda. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tracy Gwambe |first=and Apollo Mubiru |date=29 April 2019 |title=Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots |access-date=21 June 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTracy_Gwambe2019">Tracy Gwambe, and Apollo Mubiru (29 April 2019). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499389/meet-uganda-airlines-pilots "Meet The Uganda Airlines Pilots"]. ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Michael_Etiang|Michael Etiang, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] * [[:en:Vanita_Kayiwa|Vanita Kayiwa]] * [[:en:Tina_Drazu|Tina Drazu, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == 7nc3a25jpyigim0z6uq783u6aw55bef Joseph Mulenga 0 11876 78171 70426 2026-11-08T00:57:46Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78171 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Joseph Nyamihana Mulenga''' (yafa 29 Omwezi gwomunaana 2012) yali i [[Yuganda|munna Uganda]] omulamuzi. Yaweereza ng’omulamuzi wa kkooti enkulu mu Uganda okumala emyaka kkumi n’ebiri wakati wa 1997 ne 2009, era n’abeera omulamuzi n’oluvannyuma Pulezidenti wa kkooti y’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika . <ref>{{cite web |title=Likely new faces at the Supreme Court |url=http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/column/insight/67-insight/770-likely-new-faces-at-the-supreme-court |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430180538/http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/column/insight/67-insight/770-likely-new-faces-at-the-supreme-court |archivedate=2010-04-30 |accessdate=2010-01-25}}</ref> Mulenga yafa mu mwezi gwomunaana 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Retired Judge Mulenga is dead |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634676-retired-judge-mulenga-is-dead.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830212606/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634676-retired-judge-mulenga-is-dead.html |archive-date=2012-08-30}} </ref> == Obutobwe n’okusoma kwe == Omulamuzi Mulenga yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y’e Kigezi, yasomera Mutolere ne Sooko mu Pulayimale, St. Mary’s College Rushoroza, mu [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kabale]], St. Leo’s College Kyegobe mu [[Fort Portal]] ne [[St. Mary's College Kisubi|St. Mary’s College Kisubi.]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Retired Judge Mulenga is dead |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634676-retired-judge-mulenga-is-dead.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830212606/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/634676-retired-judge-mulenga-is-dead.html |archive-date=2012-08-30}}</ref> Mu 1960, yafuna satifikeeti ye eyo mutendeera gwa siniya eyomukaaga mu 1960. Emisomo gye egy'amateeka yagisomera mu [[Great Britain|Bungereza]], gye yatikkirwa Diguli eyookubiri mu mateeka okuva mu Yunivasite y'e London mu 1965. Yayitibwa mu bbaala y'Olungereza nga Barrister-at-Law okuva mu Middle Temple mu 1966. <ref name="observer">{{cite web |author=Frank Kisakye |date=29 August 2012 |title=Justice Mulenga is dead |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20649:justice-mulenga-is-dead&catid=74:breakingnews&Itemid=117 |accessdate=21 April 2015 |publisher=The Observer}}</ref> Mu myaka kkumi n'ena Mulenga yali omumyuka wa Ssentebe w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party]] of [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="observer"/> == Omulimu == Wakati w'emyaka gya 1986 ne 1989 yali Minisita w’ebyamateeka era [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa Gavumenti]], oluvannyuma yafuka Minisita w’enkolagana mu bitundu. <ref name="observer"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Retired Supreme Court Judge Mulenga Dead : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/retired-supreme-court-judge-mulenga-dead |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=gorbiromaric |title=Justice Joseph Nyamihana Mulenga - Uganda - African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights |url=https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/justice-joseph-nyamihana-mulenga-uganda/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224123603/https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/justice-joseph-nyamihana-mulenga-uganda/ |archive-date=2024-12-24 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=www.african-court.org |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 1997 yafuuka mmemba mu kkooti ensukkulumu mu Uganda gye yali agenda okuweereza okumala emyaka kkumi n’ebiri. Era yafuuka omulamuzi mu kkooti y’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika n’oluvannyuma n’afuuka pulezidenti waayo. <ref name="observer" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-30 |title=EACJ mourns deceased former judge President Justice Joseph Mulenga |url=https://www.eacj.org/?p=1294 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=East African Court of Justice |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yatandika okuweereza ku bw’ekiseera ekigere mu kkooti ya Afrika evunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu n'abantu . Mu 2001, omulamuzi Mulenga y’omu ku balamuzi babiri aba kkooti ensukkulumu abaasazaamu okusaba okwaleetebwa mu kkooti nga [[Kizza Besigye]] nga avunaana [[Yoweri Museveni]] olw’okubba obululu. Yalondebwa okubeera omulamuzi wa kkooti ya Afrika mu 2008 okumala ebisanja mukaaga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-30 |title=EACJ mourns deceased former judge President Justice Joseph Mulenga |url=https://www.eacj.org/?p=1294 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=East African Court of Justice |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakola mu by’amateeka okumala emyaka 47, n’ayamba nnyo nga omukugu mu by’amateeka mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . == Okufa == Joseph yafa nga 29 Omwezi gwomunaana 2012 mu [[Eddwaaliro e Nakasero|ddwaliro e Nakasero]] mu [[Kampala]] olw’obulwade obwekuusa [[Kokolo|ku kookolo]] . <ref name="observer"/> <ref name=":0"/> == Laba ne == * [[Monica Mugenyi]] * George Kanyeihamba * Josephine Abaijah, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo * [[Kiryowa Kiwanuka]] * [[Sam Kutesa]] * Disitulikiti y'e Kigezi, eyali disitulikiti mu maserengeta ga Uganda * [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Kabale Disitulikiti]], disitulikiti mu Bukiika ddyo ne Bugwanjuba wa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] r2p09wsira5cupj2keuwmkv9xwfl0s3 Bright Stars FC 0 12071 78151 75404 2026-11-08T00:06:16Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|access-date=21 June 2018|date=May 2018|title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で３クラブ目（デイリースポーツ） – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web|access-date=21 June 2018|url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|date=11 September 2017|title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo|last=Nsubuga|first=Danito|location=Kampala|publisher=Swift Sports Uganda|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2020-07-01|title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner|url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R2">{{cite web|url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|title=About Bright Stars Football Club|date=2016|access-date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Uganda 2013-14|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Football match between Express FC and Bright stars FC.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000.<ref name="5R2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|title=FUFA Monthly|date=May 2015|issue=5|publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2019-08-29|title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season|url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>''' '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22|title=Yoshino Trading {{!}} Used cars and trucks for sale in Kampala, Uganda|url=https://yoshino-trading.com/|access-date=2026-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-04|title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html|access-date=|publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars {{Ugandan Premier League}} [[Category:Ebibiina by'omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ttiimu z'omupiira ezaatandikibwawo mu 1997]] [[Category:Ebitongole ebyatandikibwawo mu Uganda mu 1997]] ps7iv33izoi25e1gjtaulazjzsqr6rb Minisitule y'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako 0 12136 78184 70463 2026-11-08T01:25:09Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78184 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Minisitule y'Eby'okwerinda n'Abaazirwanako''' ( '''MODVA''' ) minisitule ya gavumenti evunaanyizibwa ku by'okwerinda n'eby'okwerinda bya [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GOU |date=15 October 2016 |title=Government of Uganda: Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs |url=http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119032742/http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=15 October 2016 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] (GOU)}}</ref> Mu nsonga eno, omulimu gwayo kwe kukuuma, okulwanirira n’okukuuma abantu, ebintu, obwetwaze n’obulungi bw’ebitundu bya Uganda, okuyamba mu kutebenkera mu kitundu n’okuwagira enteekateeka z’ensi yonna ez’emirembe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Our Reporter |date=28 October 2014 |title=UPDF sends 2700 troops to Somalia, names new Commander |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/UPDF-sends-2700-troops-to-Somalia--names-new-Commander/688334-2502526-a6ly0g/index.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Mu biseera by’abafuzi b'amatwaele, amagye g’eggwanga gaali gayitibwa King’s African Rifles (KAR). Oluvannyuma erinnya nerikyusibwa okudda ku Uganda Rifles (UR) neridizibwa ku Uganda Army (UA). Eggye eryalwana [[:en:Uganda_Bush_War|olutalo lw'omunsiko mu Uganda]], okuva nga 8 Ogwokubiri 1981 okutuuka nga 26 Ogwoluberyeberye mu 1986, lyali liyitibwa National Liberation Army. Mu 1995, ssemateeka omupya bwe yalangirirwa, erinnya lyakyusibwa nbatandika kuliyita [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces]] (UPDF). <ref>{{Cite web |last=MoDVA |date=20 October 2016 |title=About UPDF |url=http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/armed-forces/updf-links/!ut/p/a1/xVVNc6JAEP0rm4PHOA2IDHubMu5W_Fw1biKX1IgwDsKAMAj46zNaW5WoiSa11i63prtfvX5vpgc56Ak5gm44o5LHgoa72Gk-20PAWhf0DvwiLSCtXgemxsDAk4YqmKkC-OAjcNg_fLAIkJ-_rdGwZ9_fd030iBzkuEImcolmSZxKGn7LuPRqsP0YlsI-bccKdgV6EEuLAmUbax2HNucr8yhtxxZQDOZ6bXgAdvMwDQl1gbphALkhDJw1dpQSyryFl3Em9pHLF2jGyqwqInZbRfnc55yV6cIvlu42iAXj-aIUdOX9EeTMxIeC2EMLiKI2GhntHbWT_pOCC4bsBb1gySVTOpcKFEki5gZmyEk930u9tJ6n6rQspUy-15Q7RVHUFyojXK_O4nrOavBe0zLOJHo6KUYzJYL1hgAmd0D0Fh5P7nSAfhNNTl1JZBSxsKryMihK4VaZH1EebrdFXC5PAPumDsQcaOQHHmug6X8NeMiwbV0ZUGtem-G1AadXB_y6hp1PXC4erNcOUTsnFtIr1en7V0vneNzjq_vuuGdXzXlArXFdwGEbvgzY-cTz8d8MufQKJNE0woHf7TXHuDLCTRQ9Dwa3dI7BMJPN9sFXP_ryNXokNzcvA2eQZQ!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |access-date=20 October 2016 |publisher=Uganda Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MoDVA) |archive-date=20 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020172956/http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/armed-forces/updf-links/!ut/p/a1/xVVNc6JAEP0rm4PHOA2IDHubMu5W_Fw1biKX1IgwDsKAMAj46zNaW5WoiSa11i63prtfvX5vpgc56Ak5gm44o5LHgoa72Gk-20PAWhf0DvwiLSCtXgemxsDAk4YqmKkC-OAjcNg_fLAIkJ-_rdGwZ9_fd030iBzkuEImcolmSZxKGn7LuPRqsP0YlsI-bccKdgV6EEuLAmUbax2HNucr8yhtxxZQDOZ6bXgAdvMwDQl1gbphALkhDJw1dpQSyryFl3Em9pHLF2jGyqwqInZbRfnc55yV6cIvlu42iAXj-aIUdOX9EeTMxIeC2EMLiKI2GhntHbWT_pOCC4bsBb1gySVTOpcKFEki5gZmyEk930u9tJ6n6rQspUy-15Q7RVHUFyojXK_O4nrOavBe0zLOJHo6KUYzJYL1hgAmd0D0Fh5P7nSAfhNNTl1JZBSxsKryMihK4VaZH1EebrdFXC5PAPumDsQcaOQHHmug6X8NeMiwbV0ZUGtem-G1AadXB_y6hp1PXC4erNcOUTsnFtIr1en7V0vneNzjq_vuuGdXzXlArXFdwGEbvgzY-cTz8d8MufQKJNE0woHf7TXHuDLCTRQ9Dwa3dI7BMJPN9sFXP_ryNXokNzcvA2eQZQ!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gyebasinganibwa == Ekitebe kya minisitule eno ekikulu kisinganibwa mu baalakisi y’amagye e Mbuya, ku luguudo lwa Chwa II, mu [[:en:Nakawa_Division|Divizoni y’e Nakawa]] mu kibuga [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |last=John V Sserwaniko |date=14 May 2007 |title=Uganda: Defence Headquarters to Relocate to Mbuya |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200705140987.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matsiko |first=Grace |date=25 December 2007 |title=Uganda: Defence Shifts From Bombo to Mbuya |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200712250020.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'36.0%22N+32%C2%B037'53.0%22E/@0.3291541,32.6195112,2290m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.326656!4d32.631375|title=Location of the Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> == Entambuza y'emirimu == Minisitule erondoola amagye emirimu egikolebwa amagye ga UPDF. Kino kikakasa nti UPDF evunaanyizibwa kunsonga z'abantu ba Uganda, wabula nga kisigala kikola mungeri ey'ekikugu, ng’esira baliteeka mu kukuuma banaansi baayo, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw’eggwanga n’okuyamba mu kutebenkera by'omu bitundu. <ref name="Prof">{{Cite web |last=GOU |date=20 October 2016 |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda) |url=http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119032742/http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=20 October 2016 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] (GOU)}}</ref> === Abaduumizi === * Minisita w’Eby'okwerinda: Vicent Bamulangaki Sempijja <ref>For example, see ''Tarehe Sita'' no. 29 of March 2016.</ref> * Minisita Omubeezi Ow’eby'okwerinda: Oboth Oboth Markson <ref name="Who">{{Cite web |last=Kasasira |first=Risdel |date=27 November 2014 |title=Who is who? List of UPDF top brass and what they do |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Who-is-who--List-of-UPDF-top-brass-and-what-they-do/691232-2536060-d2qq7g/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128193039/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Who-is-who--List-of-UPDF-top-brass-and-what-they-do/691232-2536060-d2qq7g/index.html |archive-date=28 November 2016 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> * Akulira Amagye: Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba <ref name="Out">{{Cite web |last=Kafeero |first=Stephen |date=10 January 2017 |title=Gen Katumba out, Gen Muhoozi appointed new UPDF commander |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Gen-Katumba-out-Gen-Muhoozi-appointed-new-UPDF/688334-3511878-ljebvs/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116153544/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Gen-Katumba-out-Gen-Muhoozi-appointed-new-UPDF/688334-3511878-ljebvs/index.html |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Reshuffle">{{Cite web |last=Kato |first=Joshua |date=24 May 2013 |title=Wilson Mbasu Mbadi new CDF |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1320675/katumba-wamala-cdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183914/http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1320675/katumba-wamala-cdf |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> * Omumyuka w’Akulira Amagye: Lt. Gen. Peter Elwelu <ref name="Out" /> * Akulira Abakozi Ab’awamu: Maj. Gen. Leopold Kyanda * Abakulu b’Empeereza ** Omuduumizi w’Amagye g’oku lukalu: Maj. General Kayanja Muhanga (okuva mu Ogwekumi 2022) <ref name="Out" /> ** Akulira amagye g’oku lukalu: Bob Ogik (okuva mu Ogwekumineebiri 2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2016 |title=Brigadier Kyanda replaced as UPDF Chief of Staff |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Brigadier-Kyanda-replaced-as-UPDF-Chief-of-Staff/688334-3492624-gbrqai/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183902/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Brigadier-Kyanda-replaced-as-UPDF-Chief-of-Staff/688334-3492624-gbrqai/index.html |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye g’omu bbanga: Lt. General Charles Lwanga Lutaaya (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Appointments">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=Appointments, transfers and promotions in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) |url=https://www.yowerikmuseveni.com/appointments-transfers-and-promotions-uganda-peoples-defence-forces-updf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180130/https://www.yowerikmuseveni.com/appointments-transfers-and-promotions-uganda-peoples-defence-forces-updf |archive-date=10 December 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |publisher=President [[Yoweri Museveni]]}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w'Amagye ag'enjawulo: brig gen peter onzi chandia (okuva mu Ogwekumineebiri 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasasira |first=Risdel |date=16 December 2020 |title=Maj Gen Birungi Replaces Don Nabasa As SFC Commander |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Maj-Gen-Birungi-replaces-Don-Nabasa-SFC-Commander/688334-5153820-365whx/index.html |access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye aga Reserve: Lt. General Charles Otema (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Appointments" /> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye g’oku mazzi ga UPDF: Brig Gen Micheal Nyarwa * Abakozi ku kitebe ** Akulira abakozi & abaddukanya emirimu': Brig. Gen. Eugenie Ssebugwawo abadde akola ku nsonga eno ** Akulira ekitongole ekikessi mu magye: Major General James Birungi ** Akulira okutendeka n’okuwandiika abantu: Brigadier General Mathew Gureme ** Akulira eby'okutambuza ebintu ne yinginiya: Brigadier Charles Bakahumura (okuva mu January 2017) <ref name="Out" /> ** Akulira ebyempuliziganya ne tekinologiya w’amawulire: Brigadier Michael Bossa (June 2016) ** Akulira ebyempuliziganya n’amawulire: Colonel Victor Twesigye ** Akulira ebyobufuzi: Major General Henry Masiko (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Female">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Uganda president names first female Major General |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-president-names-first-female-Major-General/2558-3516104-15cp50gz/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114214726/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-president-names-first-female-Major-General/2558-3516104-15cp50gz/index.html |archive-date=14 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> ** Akulira ebyensimbi: Colonel Baguma Mugume ** Akulira enkolagana y’abantu baabulijjo n’amagye: Brigadier Gen. Rwashande ** Omukulu w’enjigiriza: Lt. General Pecos Kutesa ** Akulira eby’amateeka: Brigadier Gen. Dr. Godard Busingye ** Akulira pulodyusoni: Brigadier Jacob Musajjawaza ** Akulira ebiwandiiko: Colonel Arthur Musinguzi ** Omuduumizi wa poliisi y’amagye: Maj. Gen. Don Naabasa <ref>Previous commander of military police was Brigadier William Bainomugisha (since April 2017) ({{Cite web |last=Mugume |first=Paul |date=12 April 2017 |title=Gen Elweru Preaches Peace as Brig Sabiiti Takes Over Military Police Command |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/gen-elweru-preaches-peace-as-brig-sabiiti-takes-over-as-military-police-commander/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421120319/http://www.chimpreports.com/gen-elweru-preaches-peace-as-brig-sabiiti-takes-over-as-military-police-commander/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |website=www.chimpreports.com}})</ref> ** Dayirekita w’obusawo: Maj. Gen.Ambrose Musinguzi ** Kkooti y’amagye eya bulijjo: Brig. Gen Robert Freeman Mugabe omusajja omulala ** Akulira eby’akasiimo n’obuyambi: Colonel Metland Bitumbika ** Kaminsona Obwassaabawandiisi mu Ggwanga mu ggwanga: Brigadier General Patrick Mwesigye === Enkula y’ekitongole === Mu by’okuddukanya emirimu, minisitule eno etegekeddwa mu bitongole bisatu: Ekitongole ky’Okuddukanya Emirimu, Ekitongole ky’Eby'ensimbi, n’Ekitongole ky’Okutambuza Ebintu. Omuwandiisi ow’Enkalakalira y’Akulira emirimu era akulira eby’Okubala Ebitabo mu minisitule yonna. <ref name="Prof"/> == Obukulembeze == Minisitule eno ekulemberwa [[Cabinet of Uganda|minisita wa kabineti]]. Minisita w’Eby'okwerinda, okuva mu Gwokuna 2024, ng'era ye [[:en:Jacob_Markson_Oboth|Jacob Markson Oboth]]. <ref name="CurrR">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=4 April 2024 |title=Jacob Oboth Assumes Office As Minister of Defence |url=https://softpower.ug/jacob-oboth-assumes-office-as-minister-of-defence/ |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=SoftPower}}</ref> === Olukalala lwa baminisita === * [[Milton Obote]] okuva nga 13 Ogwokuna 1962 paka 23 Ogwokutaano 1965) <ref name="bidwell">{{Cite book |last=Bidwell |first=Robin Leonard |date=1978 |title=Guide to African ministers |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoafricanmi0000bidw |publisher=R. Collings |isbn=0860360644 |location=London}}</ref> * [[:en:Felix_Kenyi_Onama|Felix Kenyi Onama]] okuva nga 23 Ogwokutaano 1965 paka 2 Ogwokubiri 1971) <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[Idi Amin]] Okuva nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1971 okutuuka 16 Ogwomukaaga 1971) <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[:en:Charles_Oboth_Ofumbi|Charles Oboth Ofumbi]] okuva nga 16 Ogwomukaaga 1971 okutuuka 28 Ogwomunaana 1973 <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[:en:Francis_Nyangweso|Francis Nyangweso]] okuva nga 28 Ogwomunaana 1973 okutuuka 27 Ogwomuna 1974) <ref name="bidwell" /> * Idi Amin okuva 27 Ogwokubiri 1974 okutuuka 12 Ogwomusanvu 1975 <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[Mustafa Adrisi]] okuva nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1975 <ref name="bidwell" /> okutuuka 8 Ogwokutaano 1978 * [[Paulo Muwanga]] okuva Ogwekumineebiri 1980 okutuuka Ogwomusanvu 1985 * [[Crispus Kiyonga]] okuva 1 nga Ogwomukaaga 2006 okutuusa 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukasa |first=Henry |date=2 June 2006 |title=Ministries Allocated |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 |archive-date=11 December 2014 |access-date=18 April 2019 |format=Archived from the original on 11 December 2014}}</ref> * [[Adolf Mwesige]] okuva nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016 okutuusa 8 Ogwomukaaga 2021 <ref>{{cite news|date=7 June 2016|title=Museveni appoints his wife to key ministry in new cabinet|language=en|work=Africanews|url=https://www.africanews.com/2016/06/07/museveni-appoints-his-wife-to-key-ministry-in-new-cabinet//|access-date=28 August 2022|archive-date=21 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221143431/https://www.africanews.com/2016/06/07/museveni-appoints-his-wife-to-key-ministry-in-new-cabinet//|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Vincent Ssempijja]] okuva nga 8 Ogwomukaaga 2021 okutuusa 4 Ogwokuna 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[New Vision]] |date=9 June 2021 |title=President Museveni names new Cabinet |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/105545 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=New Vision |date=21 March 2024 |title=Cabinet Reshuffle: Kitutu, Ssempijja Dropped As Barugahara, Mbadi Appointed |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/cabinet-reshuffle-kitutu-ssempijja-dropped-as-NV_184091 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> * [[:en:Jacob_Markson_Oboth|Jacob Markson Oboth]] okuva nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 okutuusa kati <ref name="CurrR"/> == Laba ne == * [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force]] * [[Cabinet of Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[Parliament of Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Defence_Headquarters|Ekitebe kya minisitule y'Eby'okwerinda mu Uganda ekikulu]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [http://www.defence.go.ug/ Omukutu gwa Minisitule y’eby'okwerinda n’abaazirwanako mu Uganda] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] cs43o228akzvgd2jsrdtv2r5xkcid6t Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki 0 12154 78146 70238 2026-11-07T23:59:09Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki''', amanyiddwa nga '''Kasirivu-Atwooki Kyamanywa''', [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]], [[:en:Politician|munnabyabufuzi]]. Ye [[:en:Economic_planning|Minisita omubeezi ow'okulondoola eby'enfuna]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]]. Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, nga yadda mu bigere bya [[:en:Henry_Banyenzaki|Henry Banyenzaki]], ayasuulibwa okuva mu Kabineeti.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf</ref> Era aweereza nga [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Mmemba mu Paalamenti]] omulonde ng'akiikirira Essaza ly'e Bugangaizi ey'Ebuggwanjuba mu [[:en:Kibaale_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kibaale]] okuva mu 2011.<ref name="Profile">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Kibaale_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kibaale]] nga 5 Ogusooka 1958. Alina [[:en:Master_of_Science|diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obulimi]], gye yafuna mu 1997 okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=8 June 2016 |title=Profile of Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130039/http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU) |df=dmy-all}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPOU2016">POU (8 June 2016). . Kampala: [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU). Archived from [http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ the original] on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye == Okuva mu 1984 okutuuka mu 1992, yaweereza ng’Omusawo wa Gavumenti ow’ebisolo. Oluvannyuma yaweereza ng’omusawo wa gavumenti ow’ebisolo ku mutendera gwa Disitulikiti okuva mu 1992 okutuuka mu 1996. Yeegatta ku Paalamenti ya Uganda mu 1996, era abadde mubaka okuva kw'olwo. Okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2009, yaweereza nga Minisita omubeezi ow’ebyettaka era ng’omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti omukulu ku nsonga z’ettaka okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2011. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=8 June 2016 |title=Profile of Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130039/http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU) |df=dmy-all}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPOU2016">POU (8 June 2016). . Kampala: [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU). Archived from [http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ the original] on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, yalondebwa okuba Minisita omubeezi ow’okulondoola ebyenfuna. <ref>https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet</ref> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki mufumbo. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=8 June 2016 |title=Profile of Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130039/http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU) |df=dmy-all}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPOU2016">POU (8 June 2016). . Kampala: [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU). Archived from [http://parliamentwatch.ug/mp/dr-kasirivu-atwooki-baltazar/ the original] on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Kibaale_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kibaale]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319224843/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Omukutu gwa Palamenti ya Uganda]  [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] bb3hbf9z5mz38cr36n4psejllokzz0l Alex Muhangi 0 12174 78140 57358 2026-11-07T23:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 7 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78140 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Alex Emix Muhangi''', amanyiddwa ennyo nga '''Alex Muhangi''', munnayuganda omuzannyi wa katemba, firimu,<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Look at Alex Muhangi's Career As He Celebrates His Birthday |url=http://chano8.com/a-look-at-alex-muhangis-career-as-he-celebrates-his-birthday/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422133354/http://chano8.com/a-look-at-alex-muhangis-career-as-he-celebrates-his-birthday/ |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Chano8}}</ref> dayirekita era mutegesi wa kkomedi amanyiddwa nga [[:en:Comedy_Store_Uganda|Comedy Store Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhangi earns big as NTV buys his Comedy Stores show |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/03/16/muhangi-earns-big-as-ntv-buys-his-comedy-stores-show/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202207/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/03/16/muhangi-earns-big-as-ntv-buys-his-comedy-stores-show/ |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Olupapula lwa [[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]] lwamuwandiikako ng'omu ku bazannyi ba kkomedi 10 abasinga mu Uganda wakati w'omwaka gwa 2016 ne 2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Ugandan personalities that rocked 2017 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1468331/ugandan-personalities-rocked-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209145927/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1468331/ugandan-personalities-rocked-2017 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Abby Mukiibi is Uganda's biggest comedian, see top 10 here.|url=https://bigeye.ug/abby-mukiibi-is-ugandas-biggest-comedian-see-top-10-here/|access-date=10 April 2018|agency=Big Eye|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622112939/http://bigeye.ug/abby-mukiibi-is-ugandas-biggest-comedian-see-top-10-here/|archive-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> era nga y'omu ku batandisi ba komedi ow'okwogera ebisesa abantu nga babalabako mu lulimi olungereza mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muleyi |first=Solomon |title=Top 10 Celebrities That Shook Uganda In 2016 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1443084/personalities-moved-uganda-2016 |access-date=16 March 2019 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Muhangi yagenda mu kutalaaga ensi mu 2014 nga azannya kkomedi mu mawanga nga Rwanda,<ref>{{cite news|title=Alex Muhangi To ‘Kill’ All Rwandans|url=http://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=17749|access-date=16 March 2019|agency=Igihe}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mutabazi|first1=Geofrey|title=Comedian Alex Muhangi Set For Kigali Show|url=http://chano8.com/alex-muhangi-desire-luzinda-reap-big-from-rwanda-gig/|access-date=16 March 2019|agency=Chano8|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055739/http://chano8.com/alex-muhangi-desire-luzinda-reap-big-from-rwanda-gig/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Comedian Alex Muhangi Set For Kigali Show|url=https://www.howwe.biz/news/showbiz/20572/comedian-alex-muhangi-set-to-perform-in-rwanda|access-date=16 March 2019|agency=Howwe Biz}}</ref> South Africa, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, Kenya ([[:en:Churchill_Show|olulaga oluyitibwa Churchill)]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Muhangi Scoops Churchill Live Gig |url=https://mobile.howwe.biz/news/comedy/949/alex-muhangi-scoops-churchill-live-gig |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202406/https://mobile.howwe.biz/news/comedy/949/alex-muhangi-scoops-churchill-live-gig |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=How We}}</ref> Tanzania, Rwanda, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Comedy Knights Rwanda To Be Hosted By Alex Muhangi |url=http://chano8.com/the-comedy-knights-rwanda-to-be-hosted-by-alex-muhangi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202431/http://chano8.com/the-comedy-knights-rwanda-to-be-hosted-by-alex-muhangi/ |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Chano8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Alex Muhangi To Headline Show in Rwanda |url=http://bigeye.ug/comedian-alex-muhangi-headline-show-rwanda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512151649/http://bigeye.ug/comedian-alex-muhangi-headline-show-rwanda/ |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Big Eye}}</ref> Canada, Australia, Somalia, Bungereza, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Nigeria, Ghana, Turkey, UAE, China nga kw’otadde n’okulabikira ku [[The Improv|Improv]] mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Muhangi Beats Anne Kansiime |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1418397/alex-muhangi-beats-anne-kansiime |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422203804/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1418397/alex-muhangi-beats-anne-kansiime |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Muhangi lands juicy deals in USA and London. |url=http://bigeye.ug/alex-muhangi-lands-juicy-deals-usa-london/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828201833/http://bigeye.ug/alex-muhangi-lands-juicy-deals-usa-london/ |archive-date=28 August 2014 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Big Eye}}</ref> == Eby'emirimu == Muhangi yakolera ku 96.9FM Radio Rukungiri ne 89.1FM Vision Fm Mbarara, zombi zisangibwa mu maserengeta ga Uganda ng’omuweereza wa leediyo mu biseera bye mu ssiniya. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo kkampuni ye eya Masters Music mu 2014 mu Kampala gy’asigala nga ye nannyini kkampuni era yinginiya w’amaloboozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Alex Muhangi Sets To Leave Fenon Records |url=https://www.howwe.biz/news/music/3386/comedian-alex-muhangi-sets-to-leave-fenon-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316200847/http://www.howwe.biz/news/music/3386/comedian-alex-muhangi-sets-to-leave-fenon-records |archive-date=16 March 2016 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=How We}}</ref> Mu 2009, Muhangi yagenda okugezesebwa mu mpaka za StandUp Uganda, kampeyini za [[:en:DStv|DStv]] ezinoonya "muzannyi wa komedi asinga addako" gyeyamalira nga akute eky'okubiri. Yali avuga ng’ayita ku luguudo lwa Kimathi Avenue n’alaba abantu nga basimbye ennyiriri okugenda mu mpaka z’okusunsulamu zeyalowooza nti zaali za kuzannya katemba. Yasalawo nagenda mu kugezesebwa okwo kubanga yali ayagala nnyo okuzannya katemba wabula yali tategese byakusesa bantu byona. Yasabibwa okuyiiyaayo ekisesa kyona n’afuuka omuvuganya n’oluvannyuma n’abeera wakubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Things you probably didn't know about Comedian Alex Muhangi |url=https://www.howwe.biz/news/celebrity/15578/what-you-probably-didnt-know-about-comedian-alex-muhangi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505070045/https://www.howwe.biz/news/celebrity/15578/what-you-probably-didnt-know-about-comedian-alex-muhangi |archive-date=5 May 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=How We}}</ref> Mu 2010, Alex Muhangi yatandikawo ekibiina kya kkomedi ekyayitibwa "The Crackers" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Muhangi now driving a car with the newest number plate. |url=https://bigeye.ug/alex-muhangi-now-driving-car-newest-number-plate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512151648/https://bigeye.ug/alex-muhangi-now-driving-car-newest-number-plate/ |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Big Eye}}</ref> ekyalina pulogulaamu ku ttivvi esinga eyitibwa "Mic Check on Cable"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crackers split and make up |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201301/four-one-one/crackers-split-and-make-up.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422133143/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201301/four-one-one/crackers-split-and-make-up.html |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Olwo n’atandikawo kkampuni ya Jazz Comedy mu mwezi Ogw'okubiri mu 2016, yatandikawo Comedy Store Uganda olulaga lw'okusanyusa abantu buli wiiki mu Uganda, gy’ategeka buli Lwakuna ku UMA Lugogo mu Kampala. Alex Muhangi akozeeko n'abazannyi ba katemba mu Uganda n'abalala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga, abazannyi ba firimu ne bassereebu abalala okuli: [[Anne Kansiime]], [[:en:Daniel_Ndambuki|Daniel Ndambuki]], [[Omusomesa Mpamire|Teacher Mpamire]], Eric Omondi, [[Akite Agnes]] n’abalala. Muhangi ategese emikolo egiwerako mu Uganda n’ebweru w’eggwanga omuli Club Music ne Video Awards (CMVA) ng’ali wamu ne Crystal Newman ne Ellah,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellah, Alex Muhangi, Crystal Newman set to host CMVA 2017 |url=http://www.showbizuganda.com/ellah-alex-muhangi-crystal-newman-set-to-host-cmva-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202826/http://www.showbizuganda.com/ellah-alex-muhangi-crystal-newman-set-to-host-cmva-2017/ |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=Showbiz Uganda}}</ref> Comedy Store Uganda eyiye okuva mu 2016, Arthur ne Kansiime butereevu mu 2016 e Kigali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kansiime, Nkusi promise 'night of laughter' |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402081345/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201930 |archive-date=2 April 2018 |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=The New Times Rwanda}}</ref> [[File:Alex_Pics_2.jpg|thumb]] == Obulamu bwe == Alex Muhangi ne mukyala we akola ku laadiyo Prim Asiimwe balina alina omwana omuwala, Jehu Muhangi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Celebrity |first=Gossip |title=CUTE PHOTO: Comedian Alex Muhangi Celebrates Daughter’s Birthday. |url=https://bigeye.ug/cute-photo-comedian-alex-muhangi-celebrates-daughters-birthday/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002025710/http://bigeye.ug/cute-photo-comedian-alex-muhangi-celebrates-daughters-birthday/ |archive-date=2 October 2014 |access-date=21 April 2018 |website=Big Eye}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Wedding Bells: Alex Muhangi To Wed Longtime Sweetheart Prim This Year|url=http://campuseye.ug/wedding-bells-alex-muhangi-wed-longtime-sweetheart-prim-year/|access-date=21 April 2018|agency=Campus Bee|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422203505/http://campuseye.ug/wedding-bells-alex-muhangi-wed-longtime-sweetheart-prim-year/|archive-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> == Okukwata firimu == {| class="wikitable" !Omwaka ! Omuzannyo gwa TV/Firimu ! Omugaso ! Ebiwandiiko |- | Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 | Comedy Store Uganda | Ye kennyini | Okukyaaza |} == Awaadi == {| class="wikitable" width="60%" ! colspan="4" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Omwaka ! Ekirabo ! Olubu ! Alizaati |- | | Engule z'okulonda mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika | Omuzannyi wa firimu asinga|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | [[Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards (ASFAs)|Engule za Abryanz Style n'emisono (ASFAs)]] |Omusajja asinga okwambal a/ssereebu asinga okwambala (Uganda) |{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The list of nominees in 2017 Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards|url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/11/03/the-list-of-nominees-in-2017-abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards/|website=Matooke Republic|access-date=21 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109074210/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/11/03/the-list-of-nominees-in-2017-abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards/|archive-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> |- | Engule z'emisono eza Pearl of Africa |Omuzannyi wa katemba asinga okwambala |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards Full List of Winners|url=http://telesqop.co.ug/fashion/pearl-of-africa-fashion-awards-full-list-of-winners/|website=Telesqop|access-date=21 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512151648/http://telesqop.co.ug/fashion/pearl-of-africa-fashion-awards-full-list-of-winners/|archive-date=12 May 2018}}</ref> |- |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * Alex Muhangi ku IMDb  [[Category:Bannakatemba]] i25m98vc0r8vmw3u185g4lx6emdo78n Narendra M. Patel 0 12302 78185 61244 2026-11-08T01:32:45Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78185 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Narendra M. Patel''' yali [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]], munnabyabufuzi ng'asibuka mu Buyindi <ref name="bio">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament</ref> era nga yaliko sipiika wa Paalamenti. <ref name="monitor">https://web.archive.org/web/20110806022938/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html</ref> Patel yalina emyaka 85 mu 2012, <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1308436/parliament-speaker-seeks-citizenship</ref> n'olwensonga eyo, yazaalibwa wakati wa 1926 ne 1928. Yazaalibwa mu Pij, [[:en:Kheda_district|Disitulikiti y'e Kheda]], mu Ssaza ly’e Gujarat, mu Buyindi. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament "Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament"]. ''New Vision''.</cite></ref> Alina diguli mu mateeka okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Bombay|Yunivasite y'e Bombay]] . <ref name="bio" /> Yakola mu bitongole by'abannamateeka eby’obwannannyini mu Uganda. Patel yalondebwa ku [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] mu 1962 okuva mu Konsityuwensi y'e Mbale, wansi w'ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]] . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament "Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament"]. ''New Vision''.</cite></ref> Yali Sipiika wa Paalamenti eya [[:en:History_of_Uganda_(1963–1971)|First Republic]] mu 1963. <ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |last=Daily Monitor |date=6 August 2011 |title=National Speakers of Parliament since 1962 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806022938/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=11 May 2020 |url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDaily_Monitor2011">Daily Monitor (6 August 2011). . Archived from [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html the original] on 2011-08-06.</cite></ref> Patel yayogerwako ng’atalina buyinza bungi mu kussa ekitiibwa mu gavumenti ya Obote. <ref name="monitor" /> Yali Sipiika okutuusa Pulezidenti [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] lwe yasazaamu [[:en:Constitution_of_Uganda|Ssemateeka]] mu 1971. <ref name="monitor" /> Oluvannyuma Patel yaddayo okukola emirimu gye nga ye. Yava mu Uganda mu 1973, [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] bwe [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|yalagira Bannayuganda bonna abasibuka mu Asia okuva mu ggwanga lino]] . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1304968/narendra-patel-uganda-british-speaker-parliament "Narendra Patel; Uganda's first non-British speaker of Parliament"]. ''New Vision''.</cite></ref> Patel yasooka kugenda Buyindi, n’oluvannyuma n’asenga mu Australia. Yafiira mu kibuga Baroda ekya Buyindi mu Gwekkumiebiri 2012. <ref name="obituary">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/narendra-uganda-s-first-speaker-dies-1532614</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{succession box||title=[[List of speakers of the Parliament of Uganda|Speaker of Parliament]]|before=[[John Bowes Griffin]]|after=No legislature|years=1963–1971}} {{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Narendra}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] aheotxj3y07ituiu80ylc26izhgaig0 Alex Ireeta 0 12331 78139 63742 2026-11-07T23:43:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78139 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Alex Ireeta Nabudere''' Munnayuganda agata ffirimu era alagirira abakwata ebifannanyi mu kukola ffirimu. == Emirimu == Alex Ireeta Munnayuganda awangudde engule eziwerako mu kulagirira abakwata ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu, oba Mu kulagirira Ab'ebifaananyi era Agata ffirimu ng’alina obumanyirivu obusukka mu myaka 20 mu kukola ffirimu, emabegako ng'akolera wansi w’ekibiina ekikola ffirimu ekya ‘YesThatsUs’. Alex yali muyizi mu Berlinale Talents 2012, mu Bikujuko Bya Ffiirimu ebyaali mu kibuga Berlin, gye yeetabira mu misomo egy’omunda egyali gikwata ku kulagirira abakwata ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu era n’afuna omukisa gw'okukwatagana n’abakugu mu by’amakolero mu misomo egy’enjawulo. Okuva mu 2014, Ireeta abadde akola ku pulojekiti ye esooka ng'alagirira abakwata ebifaananyi ku ''Bala Bala Sese.'' ''Amanyiddwa'' nnyo olw’okukolagana n’abakola ffirimu okuli Sadiq Mugisha, Bashir Lukyamuzi, [[Usama Mukwaya]], Steve Ayenye, Allan Manzi, Nisha Kalema, Rehema Nanfuka n’abalala bangi. Afunye okusunsulwa kw'okuwangula awaadi nnyingi olw’emirimu gye, ku ffirimu eziyugumiza ku mutendera gw'eggwanga n’ensi yonna, nga kwekuli n’okufuna engule y'okubeera Asinga mu Kulagirira Abawakta Ebifaananyi nga bakola Ffirimu, n'okubeera nga y'Asinga mu Kugatgata, Okusunsula era N'okufulumya nga bino byaali mu bikujuko bya '''Uganda Film Festival mu 2018''' . Emyaka egiyise ng'alagirira abakwata ebifaanannyi nga bakola ffirimu, ezimu ku pulojekiti za ffirimu eziretedde Ireeta okuwangula awaadi mulimu emannyikiddwa nga Bodaboda Thieves, Veronica’s Wish, Kony: Order From Above, Love Faces, JDC ffiirmu y'obutundu ku Ttivi, Kyaddala ffiirmu y'obutundu ku Ttivi eya RAHU, obulango bya ttivvi obukwatagana ku kampuni ya MTN, UHMG, Airtel ne vidiyo z’ennyimba eziwerako okuli eza Juliana, Peter Miles, Chameleon, A Pass, Elephant Man, Demarco, General Levi n’abalala bangi. == Awaadi == === Z'awangudde === * 2017: Ye yasinga mu baali balagirira Abakwata Ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu, ku 7th Pearl International Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex |title=Rain dominates Pearl International Film Festival awards 2017 - Kampala Sun |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/11/13/rain-dominates-pearl-international-film-festival-awards-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115223447/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/11/13/rain-dominates-pearl-international-film-festival-awards-2017/ |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 |website=kampalasun.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2017 |title=PHOTOS: Pearl International Film Festival 2017 crowns winners |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/11/11/photos-pearl-international-film-festival-2017-crowns-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114092902/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/11/11/photos-pearl-international-film-festival-2017-crowns-winners/ |archive-date=14 November 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 |website=matookerepublic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2017 |title=PHOTOS: Pearl International Film Festival 2017 crowns winners |url=https://411ug.com/2017/11/photos-pearl-international-film-festival-2017-crowns-winners.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128180515/http://411ug.com/2017/11/photos-pearl-international-film-festival-2017-crowns-winners.html |archive-date=28 November 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 |website=411ug.com}}</ref> * 2018: Ye yasinga mu baali balagirira Abakwata Ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu, ku bikujuko by'ensi byonna ebya Pearl International Film Festival ey'omulundi ogwomunaana * 2018: Ye yasinga mu baali balagirira Abakwata Ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu, Awaadi ya '''Viewer's Choice Movie Awards''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=AYEBE |first=ANTHONY LAM |title=Love Faces bags 13 Viewer's Choice nods |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/58743-love-faces-bags-13-viewer-s-choice-nods |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922104735/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/58743-love-faces-bags-13-viewer-s-choice-nods |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=22 September 2018 |website=observer.ug}}</ref> * 2018: Ye yasinga mu baali balagirira Abakwata Ebifaananyi nga bakola ffirimu, mu bukujuko bya '''Uganda Film Festival<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1490544/uganda-film-festival-awards-2018|title=Uganda Film Festival Awards 2018|website=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203210153/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1490544/uganda-film-festival-awards-2018|archive-date=2018-12-03|url-status=live}}</ref>''' * 2018: Ye yasinga mu Kugatagata n'Okusunsula wamu N'okufulumya ebibeera bikwatiddwa, '''mu bukujuko bya Uganda Film Festival''' == Laba ne == ** Bala Bala Sese ** Sadiq Mugisha ** Pearl International Film Festival ** Uganda Film Festival ** Ugandan cinema == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [[Alex Ireeta at IMDb|Alex Ireeta ku IMDb]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakozi ba ffirimu]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1982]] [[Category:Bannayunda abazannyi ba ffirimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21]] [[Category:Bannayanda akola ku ttivvi]] 9mxkeug2bwkt8casvy29cwwyyajtruo Atuhaire Ambala 0 12347 78143 67991 2026-11-07T23:56:47Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Atuhaire Ogola Ambala,''' yazaalibwa nga 26 Ogwokuna 2001 <ref name="entry_list_world_aquatics_championships_2019">{{Cite web |title=Swimming – Entry list |url=https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001130107FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF20.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726214154/https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001130107FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF20.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |website=2019 World Aquatics Championships}}</ref> nga Munnayuganda omuwuzi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swimming - AMBALA Atuhaire Ogola |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1476837-ambala-atuhaire-ogola.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726053531/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1476837-ambala-atuhaire-ogola.htm |archive-date=2021-07-26 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Tokyo 2020 Olympics |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> [[:en:Uganda_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships|Yakiikirira Uganda]] mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza [[World Aquatics Championships eza 2019]] ezaali e [[:en:Gwangju|Gwangju]] mu South Korea.<ref name="entry_list_world_aquatics_championships_2019" /> Yavuganya mu mpaka [[:en:Swimming_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_50_metre_freestyle|z'abasajja eza mita 50 ez'okuwunga mungeri ez'enjawulo]] n'ez'abasajja [[:en:Swimming_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_100_metre_freestyle|eza mita 100 ez'okuwugira muneri ez'enjawulo]]. Yavuganya ne mpaka za mita [[:en:Swimming_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_4_×_100_metre_mixed_freestyle_relay|4 × 100 eza mixed freestyle relay]] . Mu 2018, yavuganya mu mpaka eziwerako mu [[:en:2018_African_Swimming_Championships|mpaka za Afrika ez’okuwuga]] ezaali mu Algiers ekibuga kya Algeria. Mu 2019, yavuganya mu mpaka za [[:en:Swimming_at_the_2019_African_Games_–_Men's_100_metre_butterfly|mita 100 ez’abasajja m mitendera gw'okuwuga ng'ekiwojolo]] egyali mu [[:en:2019_African_Games|Mizannyo gya Afrika]] egyategekebwa e Rabat mu Morocco. <ref name="swimming_results_book_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=Swimming Results Book |url=http://www.frmnatation.com/sites/default/files/RESULTAT%20AFRICAIN%20GAME%20GLOBALE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727164719/http://www.frmnatation.com/sites/default/files/RESULTAT%20AFRICAIN%20GAME%20GLOBALE.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=2019 African Games}}</ref> [[:en:Uganda_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics|Yakiikirira Uganda]] mu mizannyo gya [[:en:2020_Summer_Olympics|Olympics gy’omukyeeya mu 2020]] e Tokyo mu Japan. <ref name="swimming_results_book_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Swimming Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/SWM/OG2020-_SWM_B99_SWM-------------------------------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807054827/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/SWM/OG2020-_SWM_B99_SWM-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> Yavuganya mu mitendera [[:en:Swimming_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metre_freestyle|gy'abasajja egya mita 100 egy'okuwugira mungeri ez'enjawulo]]. == Ebijulziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] 4npnxk75kqiqr1plmdm77hhr6guot1u Kabale Regional Museum 0 12352 78172 76326 2026-11-08T00:59:52Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kabale Regional Museum''' ye myuziyamu ya lukale mu [[Kabale]] Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=🎙️ Today Around Uganda: May 22, 2021 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/103385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525192059/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/103385 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Kiddukanyizibwa wansi w’ekitongole ky’eby’edda n’ebijjukizo mu minisitule y’ebyobulambuzi, ebisolo by’omu nsiko n’eby’edda mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Development of Museums |url=https://www.tourism.go.ug/development-of-museums |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922225928/https://www.tourism.go.ug/development-of-museums |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=21 May 2021 |website=tourismuganda |language=en}}</ref> Kisangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa equator, mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga Uganda, [[Kabale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kabale]], Northern Division Sub-county, Rutooma Parish, Ibumba Cell ku luguudo [[Ennyanja Bunyonyi|lw’ennyanja Bunyonyi]] . Museum eno enyumya ennono y’abantu b’e [[Kigezi]] mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsheeka |first=Wilfred Arinda |date=2024-01-15 |title=Kabale Museum Struggles to Attract Visitors 10 years after Relocation |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240115/164171/kabale-museum-struggles-to-attract-visitors-10-years-after-relocation.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115061710/https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20240115/164171/kabale-museum-struggles-to-attract-visitors-10-years-after-relocation.html |archive-date=2024-01-15 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Watchdog Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’ensibuko y’ebigambo == Yatandikibwawo olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda Museums mu [[1978 United States House of Representatives elections|1978]], Department of Antiquities mu kiseera ekyo mu [[Hindu temple|yeekaalu y’Abahindu]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Idi Amin|Pulezidenti Idi Amin Dada]] okugoba Abayindi mu Uganda, nga yakuumibwa Nkundiye Samuel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rumanzi |first=Bob |date=2024-01-14 |title=Kabale Regional Museum Struggles with Low Visitor Numbers Despite Relocation and Cultural Riches |url=https://boonafm.com/kabale-regional-museum-struggles-with-low-visitor-numbers-despite-relocation-and-cultural-riches/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=91.8 Boona FM |language=en-US}}</ref> Myuziyamu eno kyaggalwawo mu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’Abayindi okweddiza ekizimbe kino ne bakifuula yeekaalu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabale Regional Museum Closed |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/kabale-regional-museum-closed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521135437/https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/kabale-regional-museum-closed |archive-date=21 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Musinguzi |first=Goodluck |title=Kabale Museum Users want it Re-opened |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/kabale-museum-users-want-it-re-opened |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en}}</ref> Ebintu bino byatwalibwa mu tterekero lya gavumenti e Kabale ne Uganda Museum olw’ebyokwerinda. Mu 2005, ettaka omuli myuziyamu mu kiseera kino lyafunibwa wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Kaminsona w’Eby’edda n’Ebijjukizo mu kiseera ekyo, Kamuhangire Ephraim. Mu 2007, okuzimba ekizimbe kino kwatandika wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Kaminsona Mwanja Nkaale Rose. Kabale Regional Museum yaddamu okuggulwawo eri abantu bonna mu Gwomwenda gwa 2014. == Okukungaana == Kabale Regional Museum ekwata ku by’okukuula eby’edda, eby’amawanga n’eby’emikono eby’omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taboroff |first=June |date=1993 |title=Cultural Property and Environmental Assessments in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bA86AQAAMAAJ&q=Kabale%20Regional%20Museum |last2=Cook |first2=Cynthia C. |publisher=Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, Technical Department, Africa Region [and] Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Environment Department, The World Bank |language=en |access-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922225945/https://books.google.com/books?id=bA86AQAAMAAJ&q=Kabale%20Regional%20Museum |archive-date=22 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kirina ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebikuŋŋaanyizo by’ebika by’abantu nga mulimu ebikuŋŋaanyiziddwa ebitono ennyo eby’eby’okukuŋŋaanya eby’edda, eby’ettaka, eby’okusiiga n’ebifaananyi. Ekitebe kino kiraga ebikwata [[Kigezi sub-region|ku Kigezi]] ebikulu . Emitwe mu Museum eno mulimu; * Ebyafaayo: Engeri Kigezi gye yajja, okusenguka kw’abatuuze, okukula kwe ntalo n'ebitundu ebiri Kigezi. * Enkula y'ensi,embeera y’obudde, Obusozi, ebiwonvu, ebibira n’engeri gye bikozesebwamu mu by’enfuna abantu, ebyafaayo byabwe eby’obuwangwa, ebyafaayo by’ebyenfuna n’ebyobufuzi. * Ensibuko y’abantu: [[Ethnic group|Amawanga]] n’engeri gye babeera. * Ebyafaayo by’obuwangwa: Set ups, emikolo, obufumbo, emmere n’ebyokunywa, emiziki n’amazina * Eby’enfuna: Ebyobulimi, eby’obusuubuzi, Ebyentambula n’amakolero. * '''Ebyobufuzi''' : Okusenga okwasooka n'ebintu eby'emabega mu [[Kigezi sub-region|Kigezi ekinene]] . Ekitebe kino kiraga ebintu eby’edda ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ssenyonga |first=Fredrick Nsibambi |date=2016 |title=The Emerging Role of Community Museums in Uganda: The Need for Capacity Building Among Managers |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/muse.12096 |journal=Museum International |language=en |volume=68 |issue=1–2 |pages=125–129 |doi=10.1111/muse.12096 |issn=1468-0033 |s2cid=164430079 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> mu kitundu ekinene e Kigezi . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Myuziyamu z′olukale mu Uganda]] 9ayufa11f7rk6ccjkk73tjkva731nki Sam Magara 0 12363 78193 70101 2026-11-08T01:49:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78193 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sam Magara''' (yafa nga 2 mu mwezi Ogw'omunaana mu 1982) yali munnayuganda omuyeekera, era omu ku baduumizi b'eggye [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|lya National Resistance Army]] (NRA) mu biseera by'olutalo lw'omu nsiko olwa [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Uganda Bush War]] . Aludde ng’akolagana n’omukulembeze wa NRA [[Yoweri Museveni]], yafuuka [[:en:Second-in-command|omuduumizi owookubiri]] mu 1981 era nakola ogw'obuduumizi bw'eggye lya NRA ow'ekiseera nga taliiwo.Wabula yabulwa obuganzi oluvannyuma lwabebyokwerinda munda mu ggye lya NRA bwebatandikka okutebeereza nti yalina enteeketeka z'okugya Museveni mu buyinza.Magara oluvannyuma yattibwa ab’ebyokwerinda mu [[Kampala]] ku nkomerero y'omwaka gwa 1982. == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == === Obuto bwe n'okuwangangusibwa === Sam Emmanuel Magara <ref name="Kato">{{cite news|author=Joshua Kato|title=Who was Magara?|newspaper=New Vision|date=5 February 2005|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1131598/magara|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614074816/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1131598/magara|archive-date=14 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> yali [[:en:Hima_people|Muhima]] mu kika kya Bahinda. <ref name="Nganda">{{cite news|author=Ssemujju Ibrahim Nganda|title=WHO FOUGHT: Kagame helped Museveni crush internal NRA revolt|newspaper=Observer|date=6 August 2009|url=https://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/4535-who-fought-kagame-helped-museveni-crush-internal-nra-revolt|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028105431/https://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/4535-who-fought-kagame-helped-museveni-crush-internal-nra-revolt|archive-date=28 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yazaalibwa Mutembeya, omukulembeze w'essaza mu [[:en:Ankole|Ankole]]. <ref name="Kasasira">{{cite news|author=Risdel Kasasira|title=Our childhood was in exile – Patricia Magara|newspaper=Daily Monitor|date=13 January 2014|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/our-childhood-was-in-exile-patricia-magara-1563058|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930142415/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/our-childhood-was-in-exile-patricia-magara-1563058|archive-date=30 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Sam Magara yeegatta ku kibiina kya [[Yoweri Museveni]] [[:en:Front_for_National_Salvation|Front for National Salvation]] (FRONASA) <ref name="Kato" /> nga bukyali. FRONASA yakola okugyawo [[:en:Second_Republic_of_Uganda|enfuga]] gwa [[Idi Amin|Idi Amin,]]<nowiki/>nakyemalira wa Uganda okuva mu 1971 okutuuka mu 1979. Mu 1973, muganda wa Magara Martin Mwesiga yattibwa mu kukuba amasasi wakati w’abatujju ba FRONASA n’abebyokwerinda ba Amin. Oluvannyuma Magara n’ab’omu maka ge baddukira mu buwanganguse. <ref name="Kasasira" /> Bwe yawangangusibwa e [[Tanzania]], yatandika okusoma mu [[:en:University_of_Dar_es_Salaam|yunivasite y'e Dar es Salaam]] okufuna [[:en:Master's_degree|diguli eyookubiri]] . Eyo gye yasisinkanira Joy eyafuuka mukyala we mu biseera by'omu maaso. Ababiri bano baasenguka ne bagenda e Kenya, gye baagattibwa e [[Nairobi]] mu 1977. <ref name="Kasasira"/> Magara era yali munnamateeka, <ref name="Kasasira" /> era yaweereza mu kibiina kya [[:en:Save_Uganda_Movement|Save Uganda Movement]] okumala ekiseera. <ref name="Observer">{{cite news|title=UPDF through the years; is it professional now?|newspaper=Observer|date=5 February 2013|url=https://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23573:updf-through-the-years-is-it-professional-now|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930165110/https://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23573%3Aupdf-through-the-years-is-it-professional-now|archive-date=30 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Amin yasuulibwa mu [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|lutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania]] olwa 1978–1979. Magara yatandika okutendekebwa <ref name="Lubega">{{cite news|last=Lubega|first=Henry|title=How UNLF-AD came to fight alongside Museveni in NRA Bush War|newspaper=Daily Monitor|date=4 June 2016|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/how-unlf-ad-came-to-fight-alongside-museveni-in-nra-bush-war-1652954|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122225359/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/how-unlf-ad-came-to-fight-alongside-museveni-in-nra-bush-war-1652954|archive-date=22 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> mu [[:en:Tanzania_Military_Academy|ttendekero ly'amagye erisangibwa e Tanzania e Monduli]] . <ref name="Nganda"/> Yaddayo e Uganda mu nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1980, entalo mu by'obufuzi gyezaali zeyongedde. Eyali Pulezidenti [[Milton Obote]] yali awangudde [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|akalulu mu mwezi Ogwekuminebbiri 1980]], ebyavaamu ebyawakanyizibwa ennyo ab’oludda oluvuganya mu Uganda okuli ne Museveni. Ebibinja by’abayeekera ebiwerako byegatta okulwanyisa gavumenti ya Obote n’amagye gaayo aga [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Army|Uganda National Liberation Army]] (UNLA), mu [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|lutalo lw’ensiko olwa Uganda Bush War]]. <ref name="Lubega" /> === Olutalo lw'omu nsiko mu Uganda === ==== Obuyeekera bw’amagye ga Resistance Army agamanyiddwa ennyo ====   Mu mwezi Ogw'ekkuminebbiri mu 1980, Museveni yayita abawagizi be ab’oku lusegere n’emikwano gye basisinkane e [[:en:Makindye|Makindye]] ; Magara y’omu ku beetaba mu nsisinkano eno.Ekibiina kino kyateesa okutongoza enteekateeka z’okutandika obuyeekera. Museveni yawa Magara omulimu gw'okukwatagana n'abawagizi b'ekibiina kya " [[:en:Gang_of_Four_(Uganda)|Gang of Four]] ", <ref name="Nganda"/> ekiwayi [[:en:Communism|ky'abakomunisiti]] ekivuganya gavumenti. <ref name="Lubega"/> Bombi, baalambula enkambi z'ekibinja kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front_–_Anti-Dictatorship|UNLF-AD]], Ekibinja ky'ekiwayi kya "Gang of Four" mu [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|nsozi za Rwenzori]]. <ref name="Lubega" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, okuvuganya mu by'obufuzi wakati wa Museveni ne Obote kweyongera abawagizi nebatuuka n'okwetusaako obulabe omuli n'okwettemula. Magara n’abaali mu kibiina kya FRONASA wansi w’obukulembeze bwe batta abaali abalwanyi [[:en:Kikosi_Maalum|ba Kikosi Maalum]] abawerako abaali abeesigwa eri Obote.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 1981, Magara yali mu kibinja ekitono ekyakola [[:en:Popular_Resistance_Army|eggye lya Museveni erya Popular Resistance Army]] (PRA), eggye ly’abayeekera eryali lirina okugoba gavumenti ya Obote.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, Magara yali luteenanti ow'okubiri era omu ku bajaasi abatono abatendekeddwa mu by'ekikugu mu kibinja kya Museveni. Olw'embeera y'obuvo bwe,<ref name="Kato"/> n'okubeera ku lusegere lwa Museveni,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> yafuuka omuduumizi w'omukulembeze wa PRA [[:en:Second-in-command|owookubiri]]. <ref name="Kasasira2">{{cite news|author=Risdel Kasasira|title=Sectarianism, insecurity forced us to wage war against Obote|newspaper=Daily Monitor|date=9 September 2019|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/sectarianism-insecurity-forced-us-to-wage-war-against-obote-1805960|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930162958/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/sectarianism-insecurity-forced-us-to-wage-war-against-obote-1805960|archive-date=30 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Museveni ng'ali wamu ne [[Elly Tumwine]], Magara yateekateeka ekikwekweto kya PRA ekyasooka ekyatuuka ku ntikko mu [[:en:Battle_of_Kabamba|lutalo lw’e Kabamba]] mu mwezi Ogw'okubbiri mu 1981. Yaweereza ng’omu ku baduumizi b’abayeekera mu kulwanagana kuno. Akabinja ke kaali kalina okuwamba etterekero ly’ebyokulwanyisa erya [[Kabamba]] Military Barracks kye katasobola kukola.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Mu mwezi Ogw'okussatu yalondebwa okuduumira akabinja ka PRA ak'okubiri, nga kikolera ku luguudo lwa [[Kampala]] – [[Bombo, Yuganda|Bombo]] . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Museveni yatera okuleka Magara naduumira PRA yonna ng’ava mu kisaawe. <ref name="Kato" /> Mu mwezi Ogw'okuna, yali muduumizi wa kkubiri mu [[:en:Battle_of_Kakiri|kikwekweto ky'abayeekera e Kakiri]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> ==== Omuduumizi w’eggye lya National Resistance Army ==== Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga mu 1981, omukago omuppya ogw’abayeekera gwategekebwa, nga PRA ne [[:en:Uganda_Freedom_Fighters|Uganda Freedom Fighters]] bakkiriziganya okwegatta nga [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM), ng’eggye lya [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] (NRA) oluuyi olulina eby'okulwanyisa.Museveni yafuuka ssentebe w’ekitongole ekiduumira NRA,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> ate Magara yalondebwa okubeera omumyuka w’omuduumizi wa NRA<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> oluvannyuma lw’omukulembeze we, Ahmed Seguya, okufa obulwadde. Magara yalondebwa nga RO/0005 mu NRA. <ref>{{cite news|author1=Mwanguhya Mpagi|author2=Risdel Kasasira|title=Here are NRA's top 100 fighters|newspaper=Daily Monitor|date=5 February 2014|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/here-are-nra-s-top-100-fighters-1565000|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818170332/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/here-are-nra-s-top-100-fighters-1565000|archive-date=18 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Paul_Kagame01.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Paul Kagame (mu kifaananyi 2003) yateebereza Magara okwekobaana ne [[Yoweri Museveni]] .]] Museveni ekyavaamu yagenda ebweru w’eggwanga, naleka Magara ng’aduumira NRA okuva mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga okutuuka mu mwezi Ogw'ekkuminebbiri mu 1981.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Kyoka mu kiseera kino, NRA yatandika okufuna obutakwatagana okw’amaanyi munda olw’enjawulo mu mawanga n’embeera wakati w’abayeekera,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref>Ng’ekibinja kino kigaziwa okuva ku balwanyi nga 200 bokka okutuuka ku balwanyi abasoba mu 900. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Newankubadde yayogerwako ng’omukulembeze asikiriza era ayagalwa, Magara yali mukambwe ekyayongera okukalubya embeera mu kibiina.Yatta omu ku baserikale be, Shaban Kashanku, <ref name="Mutaizibwa">{{cite news|author=Emmanuel Mutaizibwa|title=Gen Kutesa was a 'civilian' in army garb|newspaper=Daily Monitor|date=20 August 2021|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/gen-kutesa-was-a-civilian-in-army-garb-3518874|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820153840/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/gen-kutesa-was-a-civilian-in-army-garb-3518874|archive-date=20 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa okumala akaseera katono. Kashanku yali avudde mu nkambi ya NRA okumala akaseera nga talina lukusa, era Magara yamulumiriza okubeera [[:en:Double_agent|agenti ow'emirundi ebbiri]].<ref name="Mutaizibwa" /> Abatujju abalala aba NRA baawakanya okuttibwa kwa Kashanku nga bagamba nti yali agenze mu kibuga ekiriraanyewo kyoka okuttibwa kwe kwayongera okwonoona enkolagana mu kibiina kya NRA,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> ng’abalwanyi bangi aba bulijjo batya nti nabo bayinza okuttibwa mu bwangu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Okugatta kw'ekyo, Magara yakola ekibinja ne baserikale bane aba NRA Jack Muchunguzi, Hannington Mugabi ne Joram Mugume. <ref name="Mutaizibwa" /> Eby'okwerinda munda mu kibiina ebyakulemberwa [[:en:Paul_Kagame|Paul Kagame]] batandika okwekengera nti Magara ne bane baali beekobaana kugya Museveni mu buyinza.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Abantu Kagame beyali akolagana nabo mu kibiina bakizuula nti akabinja kaali kateekateeka kuggya buyinza ku Museveni, kuwamba gavumenti oba okwekutula okukola eggye ly'abayeekera ery'enjawulo mu nsozi za Rwenzori. Ekabinja ka Magara kateeberezebwa okukolagana n’ekibinja kya Gang of Four mu mbeera eno. Kigambibwa nti Kagame yayimiriza olukwe luno olwaali mu nteekateeka. <ref name="Nganda" /> Museveni yayanguwa okuddayo okuddamu okuduumira oluvannyuma lw’okutegeezebwa ku mbeera eno <ref name="Mutaizibwa" /> era yatuuza enkiiko eziwerako n’amagye ge okuzzaawo emirembe. Yasobola okumalawo okusika omuguwa nga aletaawo amateeka gebaali balina okugoberera munda mu kibinja kya NRA. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref>Oluvannyuma Magara yateekebwa ku bbali munda mu kibinja kya NRA.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn</ref> Mu mwezi Ogw'omunaana mu 1982, Magara n’aba NRA abalala baayingira Kampala ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda<ref name="Kato" /> gyeyali agenze okulaba omusawo w'amannyo olw’obuzibu bw’amannyo bweyalina. Wabula ekifo mwebaali bekweeka kyazuulibwa ne kyetoolebwa abajaasi ba UNLA. Wabula abalwanyi ba NRA abawerako basobola okutoloka, Magara yagezaako okugyayo ebiwandiiko ebikulu nga tannagenda wabula ab’ebyokwerinda baamukuba amasasi <ref name="Kato" /> mu maka ga Ambasada Katenta Apuuli e [[:en:Naakulabye|Naakulabye]] <ref name="Kasasira" /> nga 2 mu mwezi Ogw'omunaana. <ref name="Kato" /> Okufa kwe kwakosa nnyo ekibiina kya NRA wabula kigambibwa nti gavumenti ya Obote yakujaguza. <ref name="Kato" /> Gavumenti yateeka omulambo gwe mu nyiriri n'emirala egy'abantu abaali bateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba NRA, ng'eyita e [[:en:Bugoloobi|Bugoloobi]] . <ref name="Kasasira" /> Engambo zatandikka mangu mu NRA nga balumiriza nti Magara yattibwa olw’okusika omuguwa okwali kugenda mu maaso mu NRA; <ref name="Kasasira" /> Abaduumizi ba NRA baawa ekiragiro nti tewali muntu yenna alina kwogera ku kufa kwe. John Kazoora omujaasi wa NRA yategeeza nti "kyeyoleka lwatu nti [Magara] bamulyamu olukwe ekintu ekyamukosa". <ref name="Mutaizibwa" /> Mu nkomerero, babbiri ku bagambibwa okuba nga baali mu lukwe lwa Magara, Mugabi ne Muchunguzi, battibwa mu mbeera ezitaategerekeka; <ref name="Mutaizibwa" /> Kigambibwa nti Muchunguzi yattibwa Kagame. Famire ya Magara yategeezebwa ku kufa kwe oluvannyuma lw’emyezi mukaaga, era mwannyina yasobola okuteekateeka okuziika kwe okulungi e [[:en:Lugogo,_Kampala|Lugogo]] . <ref name="Kasasira" /> Ye ne muganda we Martin Mwesiga baziikulwa ne baddamu okuziikibwa e Rutooma, [[:en:Kajara|Kajara]], mu 2005. <ref name="Kasasira" /> == Obulamu bwe == Sam ne Joy Magara baazaala abaana bana: Stalin Kanduho (yazaalibwa 1975), Patricia Magara (yazaalibwa mu mwaka gwa 1978), Sam Mwerindebiro (yazaalibwa 1980), ne Emmanuel Noowe.Oluvannyuma Stalin Kanduho yafuuka omuserikale mu ggye lya [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]], ekibiina ekyaddira NRA mu bigere, ate Patricia Magara n'afuuka munnamateeka.Olw’emirimu gya Magara ng’omuyeekera, amaka gano gaamala emyaka gya 1970 n’okutandika kwa 1980 okusinga mu buwanganguse e Kenya, okukkakkana nga bakomyewo mu Uganda mu 1984. == Ebijjuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} === Emirimu egijjuliziddwa ===    [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] l9fhyf301e5vuehzocbrlsl8zz14dr6 Yunivasite y'ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika 0 12412 78201 69117 2026-11-08T02:00:07Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yunivasite y'ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika''' yatandikibwawo nga [[:en:June_1963|29 ogw'omukaaga mu mwaka gwa 1963]] era yaweereza [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], ne [[Yuganda|Uganda]] mu kitundu ky'obuvanjuba bw' [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|ennyanja ennene eza Afirika]] . <ref name="mak">{{Cite web |title=CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EAST AFRICA |url=http://www.90.mak.ac.ug/mak-90-events/celebrating-50-years-university-east-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926071426/http://www.90.mak.ac.ug/mak-90-events/celebrating-50-years-university-east-africa |archive-date=2013-09-26 |access-date=2014-03-12 |publisher=Makerere University |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=BHEKITHEMBA RICHARD MNGOMEZULU |date=2012 |title=Politics and Higher Education in East Africa (From the 1920s to 1970) |url=http://www.africansunmedia.co.za/Sun-e-Shop/Product-Details/tabid/78/ProductID/321/Default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228102836/http://www.africansunmedia.co.za/Sun-e-Shop/Product-Details/tabid/78/ProductID/321/Default.aspx |archive-date=2014-02-28 |access-date=2014-03-12 |publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA |language=en}}</ref> Yunivasite eno yasooka kutandikibwawo ng'ettendekero ery'ebweru eryetongodde erya [[:en:University_of_London|Yunivasite y'e London]] . Mu mwaka gwa 1970, yayawulwamu yunivasite ssatu ezeetongodde, nga kati ze zino: *  Kenya: [[University of Nairobi|Yunivasite y'e Nairobi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UON Profile |url=http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/about/profile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312224813/http://www.uonbi.ac.ke/about/profile |archive-date=2014-03-12 |access-date=2014-03-12 |publisher=University of Nairobi |language=en}}</ref> * {{UGA}}: [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite e Makerere]] *  Tanzania: [[University of Dar es Salaam|Yunivasite y'e Dar es Salaam]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}}{{Makerere University|state=autocollapse}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Amatendekero aga waggulu mu Uganda]] 97fce3aka31c9zy5r4elo9546pl8nr6 Kikomando 0 12570 78176 69026 2026-11-08T01:06:12Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78176 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekikomando''' [[:en:Ugandan_cuisine|mmere mu Uganda]] erimu [[:en:Chapati|chapati]] n’ebijanjaalo. <ref name="Ken Albala">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313376276</ref> <ref name="Demand Africa">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606195111/https://www.demandafrica.com/food/check-out-ugandas-most-popular-foods/</ref> Y'eyawukana ku [[:en:Rolex_(food)|rolex]] . Emmere eno yatandikibwawo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2000. <ref name="Monitor">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606195931/https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Dining---Recipes/691226-1616912-q17kk4z/index.html</ref> <ref name="Taste Atlas">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606200133/https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando </ref> == Ensibuko == Erinnya lino, kikomando, lyayiiyizibwa Omuyimbi Munnayuganda, [[:en:Robert_Kyagulanyi_Ssentamu|Bobi Wine]], eyayimba ku mmere eno mu lumu ku nnyimba ze. <ref name="Monitor">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-11 |title=Kikomando made in Uganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Dining---Recipes/691226-1616912-q17kk4z/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606195931/https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Dining---Recipes/691226-1616912-q17kk4z/index.html |archive-date=2019-06-06 |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en |url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Daily Monitor''. 2012-11-11. Archived from [https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Dining---Recipes/691226-1616912-q17kk4z/index.html the original] on 2019-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Taste Atlas">{{Cite web |title=Kikomando |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606200133/https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-date=2019-06-06 |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=www.tasteatlas.com |url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''www.tasteatlas.com''. Archived from [https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando the original] on 2019-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> Bannayuganda bagamba nti okulya ekikomando kufuula omuntu ow'amaanyi nga [[:en:Arnold_Schwarzenegger|Arnold Schwarzenegger]] mu firimu ye, ''[[:en:Commando_(1985_film)|Commando]]'' . <ref name="Business Insider">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606211338/https://www.businessinsider.com/best-street-food-in-40-countries-2016-1?IR=T</ref> <ref name="Dispatch">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606211520/http://dispatch.ug/2017/12/15/uganda-food-experience-rolex-kikomando/</ref>​​ <ref name="Demand Africa">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-13 |title=Check out Uganda's Most Popular Foods |url=https://www.demandafrica.com/food/check-out-ugandas-most-popular-foods/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606195111/https://www.demandafrica.com/food/check-out-ugandas-most-popular-foods/ |archive-date=2019-06-06 |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Demand Africa |language=en-US |url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''Demand Africa''. 2018-12-13. Archived from [https://www.demandafrica.com/food/check-out-ugandas-most-popular-foods/ the original] on 2019-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="World Travel Guide">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606204423/https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/uganda/food-and-drink/</ref> <ref name="Taste Atlas" /> Ekikomando kikolebwa nga basaze Chapati ya Uganda eno ng'eyawukana ne Chapati ya India olw'okuba nti yyo ekolebwa mu nggano ennafu n'ebijanjanjaalo mu kifo ky'enngano enzito. Okwongereza ku bijanjaalo ebisiike, abamu ekikomando bagigattamu Ova, ssupu w'ennyama, gurweevi, enkoko, oba ekibumba. Emmere eno egabulwa mu midaala gy’emmere ey’oku nguudo ne mu bifo ewatundibwa eby’okulya eby’omulembe mu ggwanga. <ref name="Monitor" /> <ref name="Chwezi Traveller">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606205648/https://www.chwezitraveller.com/featured/5-simple-ugandan-snacks-anyone-can-make/</ref> Kikozesebwa nnyo abayizi ba yunivasite olw’ebbeeyi yaakyo eyawansi. <ref name="Campus Bee">https://web.archive.org/web/20190606210524/https://campusbee.ug/lifestyle/kyambogo-university-the-haven-of-cheap-food/</ref> == Era soma == * [[:en:Sombe|Sombe]] * [[:en:Eshabwe|Eshabwe]] * [[:en:Malewa|Malewa]] * [[:en:Firinda|Firinda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] s4kuzq7i1yk600rwsq9kaimxgxzcnhl Martha Kazungu 0 12636 78182 68648 2026-11-08T01:17:44Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78182 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" |- class="infobox-data" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Martha Kazungu</div> |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Okuzaalibwa | class="infobox-data" |<div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> Uganda</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Okusoma | class="infobox-data" | Yunivasite y’e Bayreuth |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Emirimu | class="infobox-data role" | Omukuumi, omuwandiisi, omuwi w’amagezi ku by’obuwangwa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ebimumanyiddwako | class="infobox-data" | Dayirekita eyatandikawo ekitongole kya Njabala Foundation |} '''Martha Kazungu''' (yazaalibwa 1993) MunnaUganda omukuumi w'ebintu ebyedda , omuwandiisi, era omulwanirizi w'ebyobuwangwa okuva mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://glasgowinternational.org/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=GlasgowInternational |language=en}}</ref> Ye dayirekita eyatandikawo ekitongole kya Njabala Foundation, ekibiina ekikola okuwagira abakyala abayimbi,banakatemba nga bayita mu myoleso, okubuulirira, okunoonyereza, n’okukwatagana n’abantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byenkya |first=Alfred |date=2025-03-11 |title=Ent. & Lifestyle: Women artists celebrated at Obulwo Bwaffe festival |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/entertainment/women-artists-celebrated-at-obulwo-bwaffe-fes-NV_206623_022026 |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Kazungu amanyiddwa nnyo olw’omulimu gwe ogw’okukuuma eby’obuwangwa ng’essira aliteeka ku by’emikono eby’omulembe gwa Afirika, enkola y’ekikugu ey’abakyala, n’okukuuma eby’obuwangwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paving the way: Women artists and Independence in Africa |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/magazine/ouvrir-la-voie-artistes-femmes-et-independance-en-afrique/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}}</ref> Kazungu yazaalibwa mu Uganda mu 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> Yasoma ebyafaayo eby'okulaba no'kwogela mu Afirika ku Yunivasite y’e Bayreuth mu [[Girimane|Bugirimaani]], gye yafunira diguli eyookubiri mu by’emikono ng’essira aliteeka ku by’okukuuma ,Okulondoola emikutu gy’amawulire mu Afrika. <ref name="ICI">{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://curatorsintl.org/about/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Independent Curators International}}</ref> Okunoonyereza kwe mu by'ensoma kwanoonyereza ku ngeli z'ebifaananyi ezikwatagana n'ebintu ebikung'aanyiziddwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] Art Gallery ne World Culture Museum e Frankfurt . <ref name="NjabalaBio">{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://njabala.com/about/martha-kazungu |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Njabala Foundation |archive-date=6 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006222939/https://njabala.com/about/martha-kazungu |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kazungu era yeetaba mu nteekateeka z’ensi yonna eziwerako ez’okutumbula abakugu omuli TheMuseumsLab, Independent Curators International, Àsìkò School, ne AtWork. <ref name="Goethe">{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://www.goethe.de/prj/hga/en/h24/c24/mk.html |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Goethe-Institut}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’okukuuma ebintu === Kazungu akolera wakati wa Kampala ne Nairobi era abadde akubiriza emyoleso ne pulogulaamu z'ebyemikono okwetoloola [[Afirika|Afrika]] ne [[Bulaaya]] . . Emirimu gye gitera okulaga,okinoonyereza ensonga ezikwata ku kumanya, okukiikirira kw'ekikula, enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'abantu, n'okujjukira ebyobuwangwa. Pulojekiti ze ez’okukuuma ebintu mulimu: * ''Maama Wange Yeerabira Feesi Yange'' ( [[Noowe|Norway]] ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''Emisomo gy'obulamu: Obuyiiya bwa Uganda ku mpapula'' (Germany) * ''Ekikikilila Ensonga'' (Uganda) . * ''Wano ne Wano'' ( [[Ethiopia]] ) . * ''Njabala: Kino Si Bwe Kiri'' (Uganda) Kazungu yaweereza ng’omuyambi w’omukuumi w’ebivvulu bya Kampala Art Biennale mu 2016, ng’akolagana n’omukuumi Elise Atangana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> Era yakola ng'omuyambi w'omukuumi ku ''Feedback: Art Africa n'emyaka gya 1980'' mu Iwalewahaus mu Girimaani. Mu 2019, Kanzung yali mu kibiina kya Independent Curators International ekyategekebwa mu kibuga Cape Town ekya [[South Africa|South Afrika]] . Mu 2020, yakuuma emyoleso egyali ginoonyereza ku nkolagana eriwo wakati w’emisono, eby’emikono, n’okuyimirizaawo embeera z’abantu mu Uganda. === Emirimu gy’ebitongole === Kazungu yaweereza ng’omuyambi w’omukuumi w’ebintu mu Museum am Rothenbaum (MARKK) e Hamburg, Germany, gye yakolagana n’okukuuma ''Archive of Experiences'', eyali ekitundu ku myaka esatu egy’omunaana egy’okukuba ebifaananyi Hamburg. <ref name="CIMAM">{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://cimam.org/travel-grant-program/cimam-precedent-grantees/2024-los-angeles/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=International Committee for Museums and Collections of Modern Art}}</ref> Era Yali omu ku bategesi mu German Federal Cultural Foundation's TURN2 Labs, eyayambanga enteekateeka z'okuwanyisiganya eby'obuwangwa wakati w'abakugu mu by'emikono mu Afirika n'abazungu. <ref name="CIMAM" /> Kazungu abaddeko ku bukiiko obuwabula n’obukiiko bw’abalamuzi omuli Henrike Grohs Art Award n’emyoleso mu Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg. == Ekitongole kya Njabala Foundation == Kazungu yatandikawo ekibiina ekitali kya magoba ekya Njabala Foundation ekitumbula ebitone abakyala nga bayita mu mwoleso, enteekateeka z’okunoonyereza, okusula, n’enteekateeka z’okubuulirira abantu. Nga bali n’omusingi guno, Kazungu akola pulojekiti z’okunoonyereza ku byafaayo ng’awandiika abayimbi abakyala mu Afrika, omuli n’okunoonyereza okussa essira ku bayimbi abakyala ab’omu buvanjuba bwa Afrika okuva mu myaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> Ekibiina kino kyatandikibwawo ekitundu okukola ku butali bwenkanya mu kikula ky’abantu mu kitongole kya Uganda eky’ebyemikono eby’omulembe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://glasgowinternational.org/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=GlasgowInternational |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byenkya |first=Alfred |date=2025-03-11 |title=Ent. & Lifestyle: Women artists celebrated at Obulwo Bwaffe festival |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/entertainment/women-artists-celebrated-at-obulwo-bwaffe-fes-NV_206623_022026 |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Kazungu akoze kinene mu bitabo by’ebifaananyi eby’ensi yonna ebiwerako ne katalogu z’emyoleso. Ebiwandiiko bye bifulumye mu bitabo omuli: * ''Abayimbi ba Africa: Okuva mu 1882 okutuuka kati'' (Phaidon) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''Abakazi Abakulu Abasiizi b'ebifaananyi'' (Phaidon) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> * ''Embodying Social Being'', ekitabo ekikwata ku mubumbe Lilian Nabulime Era awaddeyo emboozi n’ebiwandiiko by’okunoonyereza ebinoonyereza ku byafaayo by’ebifaananyi bya Afirika n’enkola y’eby’emikono ey’abakyala. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> == Okunoonyereza n’okukwatagana n’abantu == Kazungu ye yakwasaganya omusomo ''gw’ebyafaayo Eddamu okuwandiikibwa :Okuyamba ku Byafaayo bya'' Uganda National Museum. Omulimu gwe gutera okussa essira ku nkolagana wakati w’ebitongole n’okwetaba kw’abantu mu mboozi z’ebifaananyi eby’omulembe guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya Kazungu ey’okukuuma eby’emikono essira erisinga kulissa ku byafaayo by’ebifaananyi eby’abakyala, okunyumya emboozi z’ebyobuwangwa, n’okugaziya okukiikirira abayimbi abakyala mu bitongole by’ebyemikono eby’omu Afirika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://glasgowinternational.org/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=GlasgowInternational |language=en}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == # {{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu - About - Independent Curators International |url=https://curatorsintl.org/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=curatorsintl.org |language=en}} # {{Cite news|title=Martha Kazungu - The Mosaic Rooms|url=https://mosaicrooms.org/artists/martha-kazungu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214120118/https://mosaicrooms.org/artists/martha-kazungu/|archive-date=2025-02-14|access-date=2026-02-08|work=The Mosaic Rooms|language=en-GB|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite web |title=Paving the way: Women artists and Independence in Africa |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/magazine/ouvrir-la-voie-artistes-femmes-et-independance-en-afrique/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=Paving the way: Women artists and Independence in Africa |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/magazine/ouvrir-la-voie-artistes-femmes-et-independance-en-afrique/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://curatorsintl.org/about/collaborators/7773-martha-kazungu |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Independent Curators International}} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://njabala.com/about/martha-kazungu |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Njabala Foundation |archive-date=6 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006222939/https://njabala.com/about/martha-kazungu |url-status=dead }} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://www.goethe.de/prj/hga/en/h24/c24/mk.html |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Goethe-Institut}} # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-20 |title=My Mother Is Forgetting My Face at Entrée |url=https://artviewer.org/my-mother-is-forgetting-my-face-at-entree/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Art Viewer |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |date=2016-12-14 |title=On the Role of Curatorial Assistant, Kampala Art Biennale 2016 |url=https://startjournal.org/2016/12/on-the-role-of-curatorial-assistant-kampala-art-biennale-2016/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Start Journal |language=en-US}} # {{cite news|title=When Nakisanze merged high fashion with craft-making practices|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/when-nakisanze-merged-high-fashion-with-craft-making-practices-3610178|access-date=5 February 2026|publisher=Daily Monitor}} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://cimam.org/travel-grant-program/cimam-precedent-grantees/2024-los-angeles/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=International Committee for Museums and Collections of Modern Art}} # {{cite web |title=Njabala Foundation |url=https://njabala.com/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Njabala Foundation}} # {{cite web |title=A comfort zone for women artists in Uganda |url=https://moleskinefoundation.org/creativity-pioneer/a-comfort-zone-for-women-artists-in-uganda/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Moleskine Foundation}} # {{Cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://www.at-work.org/en/notebook/martha-kazungu-notebook/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=AtWork |language=en-GB |archive-date=2025-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209224235/https://www.at-work.org/en/notebook/martha-kazungu-notebook/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |title=African Artists: From 1882 to Now Phaidon The Invisible Collection |url=https://theinvisiblecollection.com/product/phaidon-african-artists-from-1882-to-now/ |access-date=2026-02-08 |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |title=Great Women Painters |url=https://exclusivebooks.co.za/products/9781838663285 |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Exclusive Books Online |language=en}} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://www.goethe.de/prj/hga/en/h24/c24/mk.html |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Goethe-Institut}} # {{cite web |title=Martha Kazungu |url=https://glasgowinternational.org/martha-kazungu/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Glasgow International}} # {{cite web |title=AtWork Harare Chapter 07 |url=https://moleskinefoundation.org/atwork-harare-chapter-07-can-revolution-be-a-whisper/ |access-date=5 February 2026 |publisher=Moleskine Foundation}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] lp7yw73tndk8gw31qm39xu1kpn6r14a COVID-19 0 12654 78152 54569 2026-11-08T00:08:17Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox medical condition |name =Coronavirus disease 2019<br />(COVID-19) |synonym =COVID, Covid, (the) coronavirus |image =Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption ={{longitem|Transmission and life-cycle of [[SARS-CoV-2]] causing COVID-19.}} |pronounce ={{ubl|{{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|ə|ˌ|v|aɪ|r|ə|s|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|i:|z}} |{{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|oʊ|v|ɪ|d|n|aɪ|n|ˈ|t|iː|n|,_|ˌ|k|ɒ|v|ɪ|d|-}}<ref>{{cite OED |Covid-19 |id=88575495 |date=April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>}} |specialty =[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |symptoms =Fever, cough, [[shortness of breath]], tiredness, loss of smell;<ref name=CDC2022Sym/> some are asymptomatic<ref name=Ma2021/> |complications =[[Thrombus|Blood clots]], [[heart disease]], kidney problems, [[multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children]], [[Post COVID-19 condition|chronic COVID syndrome]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Complications {{!}} BMJ Best Practice US |url =https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/3000168/complications |website =bestpractice.bmj.com |access-date =19 January 2022 |archive-date =19 January 2022 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220119232945/https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/3000168/complications |url-status =live }}</ref> |onset =2–14 days (typically 5) from infection<ref name=CDC2022Sym/><ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> |duration = |types = |causes =[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> |risks = |diagnosis =[[Rapid antigen test]], [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|PCR test]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> |differential = |prevention =[[social distancing|Physical distancing]], [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face mask]]s, [[ventilation]], [[quarantine]], [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccination]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/><ref name=CDC2022Quar/><ref name=CDC2022Prev/> |treatment =[[Management of COVID-19|Supportive and symptomatic]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/> |medication ='''Non-hospitalized''': [[Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir]], [[remdesivir]], [[molnupiravir]]<ref name=BMJ2025/><ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Severe''': [[Oxygen therapy]], [[dexamethasone]], [[remdesivir]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Critical care''': [[Tocilizumab]], [[sarilumab]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/> |prognosis =20% require hospitalization<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> |frequency ={{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|confirmed|editlink=|ref=yes}} |deaths =~20 million (as of Dec 31, 2021)<ref name=Lancet2022Death/> |named after = }}  '''Obulwadde bwa Coronavirus 2019''' ( '''COVID-19''' ) [[wikipedia:Contagious_disease|bulwadde obusiigibwa]] obuva ku bulwadde buva ku [[wikipedia:Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2|buzibu mu kussa ekiretebwa akawuka]] (SARS-CoV-2).<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19|website=www.who.int|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331131108/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|url-status=live}}</ref> Obubonero butera okubeera omusujja, okusesema, [[wikipedia:Breathing_difficulties|obuzibu mu kussa,]] okukoowa, okulumwa omutwe, obutawunyiriza obutawomerwa, okulumwa n'okuzimba emimiro, okusesema, n’ekiddukano.<ref name="CDC2022Sym">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=22 February 2021|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutandika kutera kuba ku nnaku bbiri oba kkumi n’ennya oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa akawuka kano.<ref name="CDC2022Sym" /> Abantu abamu; wabula, tofuna bubonero bwonna.<ref name="Ma2021">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Q|last2=Liu|first2=J|last3=Liu|first3=Q|last4=Kang|first4=L|last5=Liu|first5=R|last6=Jing|first6=W|last7=Wu|first7=Y|last8=Liu|first8=M|title=Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.|journal=JAMA network open|date=1 December 2021|volume=4|issue=12|pages=e2137257|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257|pmid=34905008}}</ref> [[wikipedia:Transmission_of_COVID-19|Okusaasaana]] kusinga kubaawo ng’omuntu alina akawuka akwatagana nnyo n’omuntu omulala.<ref name="CDC2021Spread" /> Kino kiyinza okubaawo nga kiyita mu mpewo oba obutondo obutono obulimu akawuka kano.<ref name="WHO2021Air">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|access-date=6 December 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015230546/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EU2020">{{Cite web|title=Transmission of COVID-19|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|access-date=6 December 2020|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914150241/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|url-status=live}}</ref> Tekitera kubaawo, akawuka kayinza okusaasaana nga kayita mu bifo ebirimu obucaafu.<ref name="CDC2021Spread">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=14 July 2021|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403001235/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Abantu basobola okusaasaanya akawuka kano nga wabulayo ennaku bbiri okulaga obubonero, era okutwalira awamu basigala nga basiigibwa okumala ennaku eziwera 10, wadde ng’abo abalina obulwadde obw’amaanyi bayinza okusiigibwa okumala ebbanga eddene.<ref name="WHO2021Air" /><ref name="CDC2022Infectious">{{Cite web|title=Healthcare Workers|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606190101/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/strategy-discontinue-isolation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutwalira awamu okuzuula obulwadde buno kuyita mu [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) oba okukebera amalusu mu bwangu okuva mu nnyindo oba emimiro.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Ebikolwa eby’okuziyiza mulimu okubeera ewala mu mubiri, okukozesa masiki ya ffeesi ey’omutindo ogwa waggulu, okuyingiza empewo emala mu bifo eby’omunda, n’okubeera mu kalantiini.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /><ref name="CDC2022Quar">{{Cite web|title=Quarantine & Isolation|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=9 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117073102/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=3 December 2021|volume=375|pages=n2997|doi=10.1136/bmj.n2997|pmid=34862160}}</ref> Eddagala erigema eriwezaako era likendeeza ku bulabe.<ref name="CDC2022Prev">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228103252/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> Obujjanjabi bungi buba bwa bubonero era buwagira.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Mu abo abateetaaga kuweebwa kitanda mu ddwaaliro, naye nga bali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, oba molnupiravir eyinza okukozesebwa.<ref name="BMJ2025">{{Cite journal|last=Ibrahim|first=S|last2=Siemieniuk|first2=RAC|last3=Oliveros|first3=MJ|last4=Islam|first4=N|last5=Díaz Martinez|first5=JP|last6=Izcovich|first6=A|last7=Qasim|first7=A|last8=Zhao|first8=Y|last9=Zaror|first9=C|last10=Yao|first10=L|last11=Wang|first11=Y|last12=Vandvik|first12=PO|last13=Roldan|first13=Y|last14=Rochwerg|first14=B|last15=Rada|first15=G|title=Drug treatments for mild or moderate covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=29 May 2025|volume=389|pages=e081165|doi=10.1136/bmj-2024-081165|pmid=40441732}}</ref><ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Ku abo abeetaaga obujjanjabi bwa oxygen, dexamethasone ne remdesivir ziyinza okukozesebwa.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Ku abo abaali beetaaga okulabirira ennyo tocilizumab oba sarilumab eyinza okugattibwako.<ref name="NIH2022Tx">{{Cite web|title=Clinical Management Summary|url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105152002/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku bantu abo abafuna obubonero, nga 80% bawona nga tebeetaaga kujjanjabibwa mu ddwaaliro, 15% beetaaga obujjanjabi bwa oxygen, ate 5% beetaaga obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Abantu abakadde n‟abo abalina ebizibu ebirala eby‟obulamu bali mu bulabe bwa maanyi.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Nga abasinga batereera oluvannyuma lwa wiiki ntono, abamu bakyagenda mu maaso n’okufuna ebizibu ebitali bimu ( long COVID ) okumala emyezi.<ref name="CDC2021SeptLongCov">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114190825/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> We bwazibidde nga 19 ogw'okubiri 2026 waakiri abalwadde 676 bali bakakasiddwa ekivuddeko abantu abasoba mu miliyooni 6.88 okufa. Omuwendo gwennyini ogw’abaafa gwali; wabula, nga zibalirirwamu kumpi obukadde 20 okutuuka nga December 31st 2021.<ref name="Lancet2022Death">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Haidong|last2=Paulson|first2=Katherine R|last3=Pease|first3=Spencer A|last4=Watson|first4=Stefanie|last5=Comfort|first5=Haley|last6=Zheng|first6=Peng|last7=Aravkin|first7=Aleksandr Y|last8=Bisignano|first8=Catherine|last9=Barber|first9=Ryan M|last10=Alam|first10=Tahiya|last11=Fuller|first11=John E|last12=May|first12=Erin A|last13=Jones|first13=Darwin Phan|last14=Frisch|first14=Meghan E|last15=Abbafati|first15=Cristiana|title=Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21|journal=The Lancet|date=April 2022|volume=399|issue=10334|pages=1513–1536|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3}}</ref> Omulwadde eyasooka okumanyibwa yazuulibwa mu kibuga Wuhan ekya China, mu December wa 2019 . Okuva olwo obulwadde buno bwasaasaana mu nsi yonna, ekiviiriddeko ssennyiga omukambwe okugenda mu maaso.<ref name="NYT-20210226">{{Cite news|url=Carl Zimmer}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] sbxw4gu25e6l6i7vyjyys8xsej6nrjo Cleome gynandra 0 12655 78156 66123 2026-11-08T00:15:06Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Speciesbox|image=Cleome gynandra Blanco1.233-cropped.jpg|genus=Cleome|species=gynandra|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]|synonyms={{collapsible list| {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | *''Cleome acuta'' <small>Schumach. & Thonn.</small> *''Cleome affinis'' <small>(Blume) Spreng. nom. illeg.</small> *''Cleome alliacea'' <small>Blanco</small> *''Cleome alliodora'' <small>Blanco</small> *''Cleome blumeana'' <small>D.Dietr.</small> *''Cleome bungei'' <small>Steud.</small> *''Cleome candelabrum'' <small>Sims</small> *''Cleome denticulata'' <small>Schult. & Schult.f.</small> *''Cleome eckloniana'' <small>Schrad.</small> *''Cleome flexuosa'' <small>F.Dietr. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> *''Cleome heterotricha'' <small>Burch.</small> *''Cleome muricata'' <small>(Schrad.) Schult. & Schult.f.</small> *''Cleome oleracea'' <small>Welw.</small> *''Cleome pentaphylla'' <small>L.</small> *''Cleome pubescens'' <small>Sieber ex Steud.</small> *''Cleome rosea'' <small>Eckl. ex Steud. nom. inval.</small> *''Cleome triphylla'' <small>L.</small> *''Gymnogonia pentaphylla'' <small>(L.) R. Br. ex Steud.</small> *''Gynandropsis affinis'' <small>Blume</small> *''Gynandropsis candelabrum'' <small>(Sims) Sweet</small> *''Gynandropsis denticulata'' <small>DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis glandulosa'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''Gynandropsis gynandra'' <small>(L.) Briq.</small> *''Gynandropsis heterotricha'' <small>DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis muricata'' <small>Schrad.</small> *''Gynandropsis ophitocarpa'' <small>DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis palmipes'' <small>DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis pentaphylla'' <small>(L.) DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis pentaphylla'' <small>Blanco</small> *''Gynandropsis sinica'' <small>Miq.</small> *''Gynandropsis triphylla'' <small>DC.</small> *''Gynandropsis viscida'' <small>Bunge</small> *''Pedicellaria pentaphylla'' <small>(L.) Schrank</small> *''Pedicellaria triphylla'' <small>(L.) Pax</small> *''Podogyne pentaphylla'' <small>(L.) Hoffmanns.</small> *''Sinapistrum pentaphyllum'' <small>(L.) Medik.</small> }} }}|synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170681-1 |title=''Lumnitzera racemosa'' Willd. |date=2024 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214144736/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170681-1 |archive-date=14 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|range_map=Cleome gynandra, verspreidingskaart, a.png|range_map_caption={{legend2|#22B14C|world range<ref name="pfaf">{{cite web |title=''Cleome gynandra'' - L. |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cleome+gynandra |website=pfaf.org |date = 1996–2012 |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>|outline=gray}}}} '''''Cleome gynandra''''' kika kya ''[[:en:Cleome|Cleome]]'' ekikozesebwa ng'enva ndiirwa. Kimanyiddwa mu [[:en:Common_name|mannya mangi agamanyiddwa]] omuli '''ejjobyo,''' <ref>http://www.dict.cc/english-german/Shona+cabbage.html</ref> '''emboga''', '''eggobe''', <ref>https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=310077</ref> ne '''stinkweed''' . <ref>http://raisingislands.blogspot.com.au/2015/11/natural-pesticides-from-common-weed.html</ref> Kimuli kya nsiko ekibeerawo [[:en:Annual_plant|buli mwaka]] nga kizaalibwa mu Afirika naye nga kifuuse kya bulijjo mu bitundu bingi [[:en:Tropical|eby’obutiti obutono]] n’eby’obutiti n'ebbugumu mu nsi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://avrdc.org/spider-plant-cleome-gynandra/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531135145/http://avrdc.org/spider-plant-cleome-gynandra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Okunnyonnyola == ''Cleome gynandra'' kimera kiyimiridde, nga kirimu amatabi agali mu buwanvu bwa sentimita 25&nbsp; ne 60&nbsp;. Okusinziira ku mbeera y’obutonde, esobola okutuukira daaka ku buwanvu bwa sentimita 150&nbsp;. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> [[:en:Leaf|Ebikoola]] byakyo by'eyawulamu obukola obulala obutono wakati we 3–7. [[:en:Flower|Ebimuli]] by'akyo byeru, oluusi ne bikyuka ne bifuuka pinki bwe bikaddiwa. <ref>http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cleomegynandra2.html</ref> Ebikoola n’ebimuli byombi biriibwa. Ebikoola byakyo bikaawa nnyo, oluusi nga entungo zaayo zaagala okufaana eza [[:en:Brassica_juncea|sukuma]] . Ekibala kino kibeera kya siliki ekikutuka, nga kigonvu era nga kiringa [[:en:Capsule_(fruit)|ekikuta]], era kipima mu buwanvu bwa sentimita 12&nbsp; n'obugazi bwa milimita 8–10&nbsp;. Mu kiseera ky’okwengera, langi y’ebikoola ekuyuka okuva ku kiragala okudda ku kyenvu n'oluvanyua kitaka bwe bikala. Bwe biba bikaze, ebikuta byabuluzubwamu mu buwanvu okugyamu ensigo. Buli silique esobola okubeeramu ensigo eziri wakati wa 100-150. Ensigo zino n'etooloovu, nzirugavu ate nga zirina akakuta akakluba era nga zipima 1.0-1.5&nbsp;mm mu buwanvu. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> : 1 . 4. 4. Ensigo za ''C. gynandra'' zirimu [[:en:Oil|amafuta]] 17-19% . <ref>Aparadh, V. T.; Naik, V. V.; Karadge, B. A. (2012).</ref> ''Cleome gynandra'' erina ekikolo kya ttaapu ekiwanvu nga kiriko enviiri z’ebikoola ate nga kirina ebikoola eby’okubiri bitono. <ref name=":1">Chweya, James A.; Mnzava, Nameus A. (1997).</ref> == Emigaso n'enkozesa == [[File:Cleome_gynandra_1.jpg|left|frameless|249x249px]] [[File:Cleome_gynandra_3_(4545384955).jpg|alt=Gynandra|thumb|'''Gynandra''']] Mu bulamu bwa bulijjo, ebikoola n’enduli yakyo biriibwa nga bifumbiddwa oba nz'ezigattibwa mu nva. Ebikoola bino bitera okuliibwa mu mawanga agali mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Sahara, nga babikaza ne babitereka oluvannyuma ne bifumbibwa n'amata oba omuzigo okukendeeza ku bukaawu bwabyo. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Pieroni</ref> Mu [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]], Uganda ne Tanzania, ebikoola bifumbiddwa mu [[:en:Peanut|binyeebwa]] ebisekule . Mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda kimanyiddwa nga '''Dek Akeo''' oba '''Akeyo''' . <ref name=":0a">Opio, Bobson (2023-04-11).</ref> Kiteekebwateekebwa nga bitokosebwa mu mazzi agookya nga gatabuddwamu ekipooli oba ebinyeebwa ebisekule. Kigabulwa n'emmere ey'enjawulo nga Akalo, [[:en:Ugali|akawunga]], [[:en:Sweet_potato|lummonde]] . Enva endiirwa zino z'anikibwa ne zikala okusobola kuterekebwa okumala ebbanga eddene n’okuzikozesa mu biseera eby’omu maaso ng’eddagala. Enva zino bagigabula mu bifo eby’okulya ne mu wooteeri z’omu kitundu kyokka nga zisinga kuliibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda. <ref name=":0a" /> <ref>Nakaziba, Rebecca; Anyolitho, Maxson Kenneth; Amanya, Sharon Bright; Sesaazi, Crispin Duncan; Byarugaba, Frederick; Ogwal-Okeng, Jasper; Alele, Paul E. (2021-07-15).</ref> <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1129332/magnetism-northern-ugandan-dishes</ref> Ekimera kino kya mugaso mu kulimira awamu n'ebimera ebirala olw’obutonde bwakyo obugoba ebiwuka n’okulwanyisa enkwa. <ref>Engels, Johannes M.M. Engels (2002).</ref> <ref>https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/farm-basics/how-to-crop/cultivating-cleome/</ref> Ebikoola birina eky’obugagga ekigoba, n'okusaanyaawo ebiwuka ebilya ebikola n'enkwa ( [[:en:Larva|envunyu]], amayanzi, n’enkulu). <ref>Mnzava, N (1990).</ref> Mu [[:en:Thailand|Thailand]] ne [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]] ebikoola bino mmere ey'ettanirwa ennyo nga bagiteekateeka n'[[:en:Rice_water|amazzi g'omuceere]] n'ekibala ekimanyikuddwa nga ''phak sian dong'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ผักเสี้ยน สรรพคุณและประโยชน์ของผักเสี้ยน 29 ข้อ ! |url=http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815093310/http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/ |archive-date=2016-08-15 |access-date=2015-09-01}}</ref> Pickle y’emu era eriibwa mu masaza g’Obukiikakkono bwa Malaysia, era emanyiddwa nga ''jeruk maman'' . Essaza ly’e [./Negeri_Sembilanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan Negeri Sembilan] mu ''[[:en:Rendang|rendang]] maman'', <ref>Lim May Lee (8 October 2017).</ref> ng’ebikoola bitabulwa wamu mu mata g'ebinazi okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu okutuuka ku mutendera gwe bagwagaliramu. Ebikoola nabyo birina eddagala [[:en:Antioxidant|eriziyiza]] okuzimba naddala ng'olumiddwa ekiwuka. <ref name=":0"/> Olw’obulungi bwayo obuziyiza okuzimba, oluusi bikozesebwa ng’eddagala. <ref>https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cleome+gynandra</ref> Ebikoola n’ebimuli bya ''C. gynandra'' bibadde bikozesebwa mu ddagala ly’ekinnansi okujjanjaba embeera omuli obutwa mu mmere, endwadde z’okulumizibwa ebinwa by'omubiri, okuzimba, yinfekisoni za bakitiriya, <ref name=":1">Chweya, James A.; Mnzava, Nameus A. (1997).</ref> <ref>Meda N.T.R. (2013-02-28).</ref> <ref>Mishra, S. S.; Moharana, S. K.; Dash, M. R., eds</ref> n’okusingira ddala embeera ez'ekuusa ku bulumi ng’okulumwa amannyo, okulumwa omutwe, okulumwa ekiwanga, okulumwa olubuto, okulumwa amatu, okulumwa ennyingo, okumenya amagumba, okulumwa obwoka mu baana n’okulumwa mu kifuba. <ref>Keding, G.; Weinberger, K.; Swai, I.; Mndiga, H., eds</ref> <ref>Sridhar, Nimmakayala; Kiran, Bondada V. V. S. Surya; Sasidhar, Donthamsetti Tharaka; Kanthal, Lakshmi Kanta (2014-03-30).</ref> <ref>Urso, Valeria; Signorini, Maria Adele; Tonini, Matteo; Bruschi, Piero (2016-01-11).</ref> Mu Saudi Arabia, ebirungo bya ''C. gynandra'' bikozesebwa okujjanjaba obulumi obw’amaanyi n’okuziyiza okuzimba ebiva ku kulumwa enjaba. <ref>Al-Asmari, Abdulrahman; Manthiri, Rajamohamed Abbas; Abdo, Nasreddien; Al-Duaiji, Fawzi Abdullah; Khan, Haseeb Ahmad (2017).</ref> == Ebirungo eby’enjawulo n’omugaso gw’ebiriisa == ''Cleome gynandra'' alimu ekirungo kya beta-carotene, folic acid, ascorbic acid ne calcium bingi. Mulimu ne vitamiini E, iron ne oxalic acid. Okutwalira awamu, ebikoola bino birina puloteyini za 4.0%. 100 g za ''C. gynandra'' zirimu nga 1.4 g ez’obuwuzi obutazimbiddwa, 127–484&nbsp;mg vitamiini C ne 0.76&nbsp;mg zinki, 3.1-7.7 g puloteyina atasengejjezeddwa. Mulimu ebirungo nga ayani ne kalisiyamu byawukana okusinziira ku zooni okuva ku 1–11&nbsp;mg, ne 213-434&nbsp;mg mu kulondako. <ref name=":1">Chweya, James A.; Mnzava, Nameus A. (1997).</ref> Ensigo za ''C. gynandra'' zirimu asidi z’amasavu nga asidi wa palmitic, asidi wa stearic, asidi wa oleic, ne asidi wa linoleic ne amino asidi omuli asidi wa glutamic, arginine, leucine, valine, glycine, ne proline. <ref>Mnzava, N. A. (1990-01-01).</ref> <ref>Sen Gupta, A.; Chakrabarty, M. M. (1964).</ref> == Engeri gye zilimibwamu == ''Cleome gynandra'' tatera kulimibwa. [[:en:Leaf|Ebikoola]] ebisinga bikungula okuva mu kimera ekisangibwa nga ky\emeza kyokka. Wabula okunoonyereza okumu ku bukodyo bw’okulima obusinga bukoleddwa. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> <ref name=":4"/> === Ettaka ery'etagibwa === ''Cleome gynandra'' yeetaaga ettaka eggimu eriwanvu era eririmu amazzi amalungi. Kikula bulungi ku ttaka eritali ggumu/ kkalubo, nga lirimu [[:en:Humus|humus]] mungi ate nga [[:en:PH|pH]] eri wakati wa 5.5 ne 7. <ref name=":4"/> === Okusiga === Mu kulima, okusaasaana kw’ekimera kukolebwa nga basiga ensigo. Okusinziira ku sayizi y'[[:en:Seed|ensigo]], obuwanvu obusimbiddwamu ensigo nsonga nkulu. Ensigo yetaaga [[:en:Plough|okulima]] mu ngeri etali nnene (nga sentimita 15&nbsp; wansi mu ttaka), okukoola omuddo n’okusalako amatabi amakadde okusobola okuba n’ettaka eddungi eritali kkalubo. Ensigo zisobola okusaasaanyizibwa mu ngeri etaali ya kyenkanyi nga ziweereza ku mpewo oba okusimibwa mu ngeri etali nnene mu nnyiriri eziri wakati wa sentimita 30&nbsp; nga zawuddwa mu nyiriri ez'eyawudde sentimita 1&nbsp; ebuziba. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> === Okukoola === Okukoola kwetaagisa mu ntandikwa y’okulima, ng’ebikoola bya ''C. gynandra'' bikyali bitono. Kisobola okukolebwa n’emikono oba n’ebyuma ebituufu, okukakasa okulima mu buwanvu obw'etagisa. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> === Ebijimusa === Ebigimusa ebyetagisa mu kulima kuno mulimu ebigimusa ebijjudde nitrogen nga bikozesebwa okukereya okumulisa kw'ebimuli, okuwangaaza okukula kw’ebimera n’okwongera ku muwendo n’obunene bw’ebikoola. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2020-09-08 |title=Cultivating cleome |url=https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/farming-basics/how-to-crop/cultivating-cleome/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Farmer's Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> Okweyongera kw’amakungula kuba kwa maanyi nnyo nga nitrogen ng'atereddwamu mu ngeri yaayo ey’obutonde, wadde nga n’ebigimusa bya nayitrojeni ebitali biramu bikakasa okweyongera kw’amakungula. Okussaamu ebigimusa ebisemba kisinziira ku butonde bw’ettaka naye bisobola okutuuka ku ttani 30 buli yiika y’oluggya lw’ennimiro olw’obusa bwa nnakavundira oba okutuuka ku 120&nbsp;kkiro/ha y’ebigimusa ebitali biramu. <ref>Schippers, R. R. (2000).</ref> === Okufukirira === Okusobola okuvaamu amakungula amalungi, ''C. gynandra'' yeetaaga [[:en:Soil_water_(retention)|amazzi g’ettaka]] agamala mu kiseera kyonna eky’okukula kw’ebimera. Okufukirira enfunda eziwera era nga kufugibwa ky'etaagisa era kulina okusalibwawo okusinziira ku ngeri ettaka gye likwatamu amazzi. Okufukirira ennyo kiyinza okuvaako okufiirwa amakungula olw’obutaziyiza mataba. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> === Okukungula === Okukungula kuyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri bbiri ez’enjawulo. Esooka erimu okusimbula ddala ekimera kyonna n’okukoolako ebikoola byokka okuva ku nduli. Ekirala, okukungula emirundi mingi kuyinza okukolebwa nga osala ekitundu eky’oku ntikko eky’ekimera n’okukung’aanya ebikoola ebya waggulu. Enkola eno ey'okubiri eyamba okwongera okukula kw’ebikoola eby’ebbali n’okulwawo okumera ebimuli, okwongera ku kiseera ky’okumera. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> <ref name=":4">https://prota.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?h=M11,M14,M15,M16,M18,M23,M25,M26,M27,M28,M34,M36,M4,M6,M7,M8,M9&t=Cleome,gynandra,cleome&p=Cleome+gynandra#Description</ref> === Ennimiro === Ebigimusa n’amazzi bwe biteekebwamu mu ngeri esaanidde, kigambibwa nti amakungula agakuŋŋaanyiziddwa gasobola okutuuka ku t 30 buli yiika. <ref name=":4"/> == Okulwanyisa ebiwuka n’endwadde == ''Cleome gynandra'' ameluse ng’ayita mu butonde so si kulonda kwa muntu okusobola okufuna amakungula amangi. Kino kigifuula naddala okugumira obuwuka obw'enjawulo. <ref name=":2">Waithaka, Kimani; Chweya, James A. (1991).</ref> Wabula ebiwuka bino bye bisangibwa ku muddo guno [[:en:Pentatomidae|Pentatomids]] (Agonoselis nubilis), [[:en:Locust|Enzige]] (Schitocera gregaria), [[:en:Flea_beetle|flea beetles]] (Phylloreta mashonana), cabbage sawfly (Athalia spp), bugs (Nezara spp and Bagrada spp.), cotton jassids (Empoasca spp.), [[:en:Nematode|nematodes]]''​​​​​​​''​ (''Meloidogyne'' spp.). <ref name=":1">Chweya, James A.; Mnzava, Nameus A. (1997).</ref> <ref name=":3">Mashamaite, Chuene Victor; Manyevere, Alen; Chakauya, Ereck (2022).</ref> <references /> [[Category:Gynandra]] [[Category:Rosids ow’e Australia]] [[Category:Ebimera ebyogerwako mu 1753]] [[Category:Ebika by’ebimera ebyatuumibwa erinnya Carl Linnaeus]] [[Category:Ebimera ebiri mu bizinga bya Ashmore ne Cartier]] [[Category:Enva endiirwa ez’amakoola]] [[Category:Enva endiirwa z’omu Asia]] lrptbhnwb0qn3j2581i2ejg6n4ttjek Chantal Biya 0 12744 78153 54664 2026-11-08T00:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chantal Biya''' ( née '''Chantal Pulchérie Vigouroux''' ; yazaalibwa 4 Ogwekkuminebiri 1970) muntu wa nkizo mu Cameroon, ye [[First Lady of Cameroon|mukyala w'omukulembeze wa Cameroon]] Pulezidenti [[Paul Biya]] okuva mu 1994. == Ebyafaayo == Chantal Biya yazaalibwa [[Dimako]], [[East Province (Cameroon)|essaza ly'ebuvanjuba]], mu Cameroon.<ref name="G'nowa2008">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFG'nowa2008</ref> Kitaawe yali Georges Vigouroux omugwiira okuva mu Bufalansa. Maama we, [[Rosette Ndongo Mengolo]], yali muwanguzi wa mpaka za bannalulungi zi Miss [[Doumé]]. Maama we yalondebwa ku bwameeya bwa [[Bangou, Cameroon|Bangou]] oluvannyuma [[2007 Cameroonian parliamentary election|lw'okulonda kwa munisipaali okwaliwo mu Gwomusanvu 2007]].<ref name="F2007">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFF.2007</ref> Obuvubuka bwe yabumala mu [[Yaoundé]].<ref name="Morikang20082">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFMorikang2008</ref> == Obuweereza Obwannakyewa == Yatandikawo ekibiina ki ''{{Lang|fr|Fondation Chantal Biya}}'' mu 1994.<ref>{{citation|url=http://synergiesafricaines.org/partenaires-fcb.html|title=Fondation Chantal BIYA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612222912/http://synergiesafricaines.org/partenaires-fcb.html|archive-date=12 June 2015|url-status=dead|language=fr|trans-title=Chantal Biya Foundation|publisher=Synergies Africaines contre le SIDA et les Souffrances|location=Yaoundé, Cameroon|quote=''Créée en 1994 par Madame Chantal BIYA, Epouse du Président de la République du Cameroun, la Fondation Chantal BIYA est une association humanitaire, apolitique, non-confessionnelle et à but non-lucratif''}}.</ref> Mu 1996, yategeka olukiiko lw'abakyala babakulembeze b'eggwanga olwasooka mu kibuga [[Yaoundé]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFIbrahim2003</ref> The ''Jeunesse active pour Chantal Biya'' lye limu ku ssiga ly'ekibiina kya bba ekya [[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]].<ref name="Ngwane2004">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFNgwane2004</ref> == Obuli bw’enguzi == Enguzi ya Paul ne Chantal Biya n’okubba eby’obugagga by’eggwanga lya Cameroon biwandiikiddwa bulungi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2024)">nga ani?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ne mutabani we Franck Hertz [ fr ], yagula emizigo mu Paris wadde nga ssente tezimannyikiddwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Emikutu gy’abakungu ba Amerika gikakasa [[Corruption in Cameroon|obuli bw’enguzi obuyitiridde mu Cameroon]], nga kigambibwa nti bwawera obukadde bwa ddoola obusoba mu 650 wakati wa 2017 ne 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/investigationspecial-reports/608429-investigation-how-internationally-connected-cameroon-elites-plundered-656-million.html|title=INVESTIGATION: How internationally connected Cameroon elites plundered $656 million|date=7 July 2023|accessdate=6 December 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Bertrand Teyou == Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2010, [[Bertrand Teyou]] yafulumya ekitabo ekiyitibwa ("''The Belle of the Banana Republic: Chantal Biya, from the Streets to the Palace''"),<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFTeyou2010.</ref> nga kirondoola okuitimuka kwa Biya okuva mu kyalo okutuuka okufuuka Mukyala w'omukulembeze w'eggwanga.<ref name="Lees2014">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFLees2014.</ref><ref name="Mitchell2011a">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFMitchell2011a</ref> Oluvannyuma yaweebwa ekibonerezo ky'okusibwa emyaka ebiri ku misango gy'okuweebula omuntu n'okutegeka "okwekalakaasa okutali mu mateeka" olw'okugezaako okusoma akatabo mu lujjudde.<ref name="Lees2014" /><ref name="Mitchell2011a" /> [[Amnesty International]] ne [[PEN International]] ’s Writers mu kakiiko k'ebyamakomera beekalakaasa olw’okukwatibwa kwe era ne bafulumya okujulira ku lulwe. Ekitongole kya Amnesty International kyamutuuma erinnya ly'omusibe [[Prisoner of conscience|omuntu mulamu]].<ref name="AI">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2011 |title=Urgent Action: Cameroonian writer held in harsh conditions |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr17/001/2011/en/ |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Yateebwa mu Gwokuna 2011 muzirakisa bwe yakkiriza okusasula engassi ye asobole okunoonya obujjanjabi olw’obulamu bwe obwali bweyongera okwonooneka.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFMitchell2011b</ref> == Obulamu bw’omuntu ku bubwe == [[File:ChantalBiya42.jpg|thumb|322x322px|Chantal Biya ng'afuna okulamusa okuva ewa Kaminsona wa Poliisi mu ggwanga lya Cameroon, Dr. Cecile Oyono mu 2012]] Yafumbirwa Paul Biya, amusinga emyaka 36, nga 23 Ogwokuna 1994, oluvannyuma lwa mukyala we eyasooka, [[Jeanne-Irène Biya]], okufa mu 1992.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/candidats.php?id_cand=10&module=bio&lang=en|title=2004 Presidential elections: Paul Biya's Biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015344/http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/candidats.php?id_cand=10&module=bio&lang=en|archive-date=30 September 2007|url-status=dead|publisher=Republic of Cameroon|quote=Paul BIYA has been married since 23 April 1994 to Chantal BIYA, after the passing away of his first wife on 29 July 1992.}}</ref> [[File:Chantal_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Chantal Biya ne Michelle Obama mu 2014]] [[File:Ouverture_CAN_(7).jpg|thumb|222x222px|Paul ne Chantal Biya nga bali mu mmotoka ya pulezidenti mu [[Olembe Stadium|kisaawe kya Olembé Paul Biya]], 2022]] Alina abalongo ab'obulenzi nga kuliko Franck ne Patrick Hertz (abazaalibwa 1987) ne bba eyasooka. Ne Paul Biya, alina abaana babiri: Paul Jr. ne [[Brenda Biya]]. Chantal Biya amanyiddwa nnyo olw'enviiri ze ezirabika obulungi.<ref name="Andrews-Dyer2014">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFAndrews-Dyer2014</ref> Mukyala Biya akozesa nnyo wiigi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=WITH ALL DUE RESPECT:NO ONE SNATCHES CHANTEL BIYA'S WIG (AND FOR GOOD REASON) |url=https://www.ebony.com/chantel-biya-hair-053/ |website=www.ebony.com}}</ref> nga omukono gw'omusono gwe guyitibwa ''banane'', era ekozesebwa ku mikolo emitongole.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Biya#CITEREFNyamnjohDurhamFokwang2002</ref> Biya ayongedde okumanyisa emisono emirala. Okutwalira awamu, zimanyiddwa nga ''Chantal Biya''. Amanyiddwa olw'engoye ze ez'enjawulo, omuli engoye za dizayini, n'ensawo ze eza dizayini. Mu ba dizayina b’ayagala ennyo mulimu kkampuni z’Abazungu ez’omulembe nga [[Chanel]], [[Dior]] ne [[Louis Vuitton]].<ref name="Lees2014" /><gallery> File:Chantal_Biya_and_Laura_Bush,_2003.jpg|alt=Chantal Biya and Laura Bush after a coffee in the White House's Yellow Oval Room, 2003| Chantal Biya ne [[Laura Bush]] oluvannyuma lw'okunywa kaawa mu kisenge kya [[White House]] ekya [[Yellow Oval Room]], 2003 File:First_Ladies_2008.jpg|alt=At a global First Ladies meeting in New York, 2008| Mu lukiiko lwa First Ladies olw’ensi yonna mu New York, 2008 File:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas.jpg|alt=The Obamas with Chantal and Paul Biya, 2009| Aba Obama ne Chantal ne Paul Biya, 2009 File:Paul_Biya_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|alt=The Obamas with Chantal and Paul Biya, 2014| Aba Obama ne Chantal ne Paul Biya, 2014 </gallery> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fj7e3d3o6xhxatyn1xurh4xya7rsxdd Beatrice Ayikoru 0 12779 78147 68005 2026-11-08T00:00:23Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Beatrice Patience Ayikoru''' [[:en:Ugandan|munnayuganda]] addukanya emisinde, eyali [[:en:Athlete|omuddusi]] era mukozi nnyo mu kutumbula emizannyo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=Ayikoru, Tashobya raise the bar |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/ayikoru-tashobya-raise-the-bar-1868020 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ye yafuuka Munnayuganda eyasooka okuweereza ku [[:en:Council|lukiiko]] [[:en:World_Athletics|lw'ensi yonna olw'ebyemizannyo]].<ref name=":1" /> Ayikoru akola nga ssaabawandiisi wa [[:en:Uganda_Athletics_Federation|Uganda Athletics Federation (UAF)]], omuwandiisi omukulu ow'akakiiko ka [[Uganda Olympic Committee]], omumyuka wa dayirekita w'enkulaakulana ku [[:en:Confederation_of_African_Athletics|Confederation of African Athletics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=Ayikoru, Tashobya raise the bar |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/ayikoru-tashobya-raise-the-bar-1868020 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/ayikoru-tashobya-raise-the-bar-1868020 "Ayikoru, Tashobya raise the bar"]. ''Monitor''. 2020-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Ayikoru advocates for more women in leadership |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130145220/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |archive-date=2023-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=UAF Gears Up for National Cross Country Championship |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/uaf-gears-up-for-national-cross-country-championship |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Yakola ng’omumyuka [[:en:Vice_president|wa pulezidenti owookubiri]] mu kakiiko ka [[Uganda Olympic Committee]] okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2020, n’alondebwa ku lukiiko lwa [[:en:IAAF|IAAF]] olw’omulundi ogwa 52 e [[:en:Doha|Doha]] era yali ku kakiiko ka IAAF World Cross Country Committee, mu kiseera kino akamanyiddwa nga [[:en:World_Athletics|World Athletics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=Ayikoru, Tashobya raise the bar |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/ayikoru-tashobya-raise-the-bar-1868020 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/ayikoru-tashobya-raise-the-bar-1868020 "Ayikoru, Tashobya raise the bar"]. ''Monitor''. 2020-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> Omulimu gwa Ayikoru mu bukulembeze bw'emizannyo gubaddemu okulwanirira abakyala bangi mu mirimu gy'obukulembeze mu mizannyo naddala mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 "New Vision - Latest News"]. ''www.newvision.co.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Ayikoru advocates for more women in leadership |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130145220/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |archive-date=2023-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 "Ayikoru advocates for more women in leadership"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-03-15. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130145220/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Omulimu == Ayikoru yaweereza ng’omuwanika w’ekibiina [[:en:Uganda_Athletics_Federation|ekifuga emizannyo ekya Uganda Athletics Federation]] mu 1995, omuyambi w’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kibiina ekifuga emisinde [[:en:Uganda_Athletics_Federation|ekya Uganda Athletics Federation]] okuva mu 1997 okutuuka mu 2005, [[:en:Chairperson|Ssentebe]] era mmemba w’akakiiko k’abakyala [[Uganda Olympic Committee|aka Uganda Olympic Committee]] 2001 – 2009, omumyuka wa pulezidenti owookubiri, ku kakiiko ka [[Uganda Olympic Committee|Uganda Olympic Committee (UOC)]] okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2021. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 "New Vision - Latest News"]. ''www.newvision.co.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ayikoru yawereeza ng'omuwandiisi w’akakiiko akategesi mu mpaka za [[:en:IAAF|IAAF]] World Cross Country Kampala mu 2017, mmemba ku kakiiko ka [[:en:IAAF|IAAF]] Cross Country Committee ng’omukiise omukyala, yaweereza nga mmemba w’olukiiko lw’empaka [[:en:World_Athletics|z’emisinde gy’ensi yonna (WA)]] okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2023, mmemba w’abalamuzi mu mpaka za IAAF World U-18 Athletics Championships era mmemba ku kakiiko k'ensi yonna aka World Athletics Gender Leadership Task Force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-04 |title=Who will save Kenya, Uganda sprinters? |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/athletics/who-will-save-kenya-uganda-sprinters--1087458 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Ayikoru advocates for more women in leadership |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130145220/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 |archive-date=2023-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 "Ayikoru advocates for more women in leadership"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-03-15. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130145220/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/ayikoru-advocates-for-more-women-in-leadership-4159030 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Busy UAF waits on better Namboole tartan |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/busy-uaf-waits-on-better-namboole-tartan--4495658 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ye yali [[:en:Chef_de_Mission|Chef de Mission]] mu [[:en:2018_Commonwealth_Games|mizannyo gya Commonwealth egya XXI e Gold Coast]] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ms Beatrice Ayikoru – Uganda Olympic Committee {{!}} Commonwealth Games Uganda |url=https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426111139/https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye yali [[:en:Chef_de_Mission|Chef de Mission]] mu mizannyo [[:en:2020_Olympic_Games|gya Olympics egya 2020]] mu [[Tokyo]].<ref name=":4" /> Abadde omuwandiisi omukulu mu kibiina ekifuga emisinde [[:en:Uganda_Athletics_Federation|ekya Uganda Athletics Federation]] okuva mu 2005 n’okutuusa kati (okutuuka mu 2025), omuwandiisi omukulu ow’akakiiko ka [[Uganda Olympic Committee|Uganda Olympic Committee (UOC)]] n’ekibiina ekigatta emizannyo ekya Commonwealth Games Association Uganda okuva mu 2021 n’okutuusa kati (okutuuka mu 2025). <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ms Beatrice Ayikoru – Uganda Olympic Committee {{!}} Commonwealth Games Uganda |url=https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426111139/https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ "Ms Beatrice Ayikoru – Uganda Olympic Committee | Commonwealth Games Uganda"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250426111139/https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ Archived] from the original on 2025-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=UAF Gears Up for National Cross Country Championship |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/uaf-gears-up-for-national-cross-country-championship |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/uaf-gears-up-for-national-cross-country-championship "UAF Gears Up for National Cross Country Championship"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=Sprints remain elusive for region |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/sprints-remain-elusive-for-region--1335160 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’emizannyo == '''Ayikoru''' yali [[:en:Athlete|munnabyamizannyo]] mu misinde gya mmita 3000, 5000, 10000 ku nguudo, [[:en:Cross_country_running|n'emisinde mubuna byal'''o''']], n’enkola ya IAAF Level I [[:en:Coach_(sport)|Coach]] education and certification System, era emanyiddwa nga World Athletics Coach Education and Certification System (CECS). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 "New Vision - Latest News"]. ''www.newvision.co.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletics coaches complete IAAF course |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1066556/athletics-coaches-complete-iaaf-course |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Engule, okusiimibwa n’ebituukiddwaako == * Engule ya Pulezidenti olw'obuweereza obulungi mu mizannyo ewereddwa [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ms Beatrice Ayikoru – Uganda Olympic Committee {{!}} Commonwealth Games Uganda |url=https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426111139/https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ "Ms Beatrice Ayikoru – Uganda Olympic Committee | Commonwealth Games Uganda"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250426111139/https://nocuganda.org/staff/ms-beatrice-ayikoru/ Archived] from the original on 2025-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> * IAAF Pin olw’obuweereza obulungi mu mizannyo egyaweereddwa Pulezidenti wa IAAF, Primo Nebiolo. <ref name=":4" /> * Yategese [[:en:World_Athletics_Cross_Country_Championships|empaka z'ensi yonna ez'okusala ensi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=14 years on, Sebei gets its biggest wish |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/14-years-on-sebei-gets-its-biggest-wish-4854936 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124030055/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/14-years-on-sebei-gets-its-biggest-wish-4854936 |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ayikoru-reflects-on-her-tough-journey-as-a-sp-95713 "New Vision - Latest News"]. ''www.newvision.co.ug''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> = Ebijuziliddwa = <references /> [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] 3ahrjf8hxa0n03o259glcvfj8helirr Rehema Nanfuka, omusajja omulala 0 12783 78191 75595 2026-11-08T01:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 7 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78191 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rehema''' [[Nanfuka]] [[Yuganda|.]]​​​​​[[Queen of Katwe|​]]​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=SYNOPSIS |url=http://blueimp.site/the-movie/synopsis/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220429/http://blueimp.site/the-movie/synopsis/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 |website=Blueimp}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanfuka: The world is her stage |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Nanfuka--The-world-is-her-stage/691232-1702334-uuqiyuz/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013454/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Nanfuka--The-world-is-her-stage/691232-1702334-uuqiyuz/index.html |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehema Nanfuka |url=http://blueimp.site/rehema-nanfuka/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509152416/http://blueimp.site/rehema-nanfuka/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 |website=Bluimp}}</ref> Yazaalibwa nga 25 mu mwezi ogwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 1986.munnakatemba [[:en:Uganda|munnayuganda]] era azannyira mubifo ebizaanyibwamu katemba ne [[:en:Actor|kuttivi]] akulira ekibinja kye era [[:en:Filmmaking|akola ne cineema]] yamanya emirimu gye [[:en:Veronica's_Wish|mu Imani,Veronica kyayagala,imbabazi,omuwala ali mu jampa eya kyenvu ,nabagereka we katwe n'e mperial blue]] wamu ne sineema endala Yawangula engule ya [[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director|okuba omukulembeze omulungi]] mu 2018 [[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Awards|Uganda Film Festival Awards,]] n’afuuka dayirekita omukyala asoose okuwangula engule mu mutendera guno mu bitongole byonna ebigaba engule mu Uganda. == Omulimu == === Firimu ne ttivvi === Rehema yatandika okuzannya katemba mu firimu ya [[:en:Mira_Nair|Mira Nair]] eya [[:en:Maisha_Film_Lab|Maisha Film Lab]] eyafulumizibwa mu 2008, ''Downcast'' gye yazannya ng’omukyala w’awaka. Omulimu gwe ogwamututumula weyazannya nga Mary omukozi w'awaka mu [[:en:Imani_(film)|''Imani'']] gwamuwangulira engule bbiri; engule ya [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Most_Promising_Actor|Africa Movie Academy Award for Most Promising Actress]] mu 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2010 Winners |url=https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA)}}</ref> ng'agabana obuwanguzi ne Chelsea Eze ne Best Actress Award mu [[:en:African_Film_Festival_of_Cordoba|African Film Festival e Cordoba]], Spain mu mwaka gwa 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teza takes top prize at Spain's Tarifa African Film Festival |url=https://www.screendaily.com/teza-takes-top-prize-at-spains-tarifa-african-film-festival/5014532.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012956/https://www.screendaily.com/teza-takes-top-prize-at-spains-tarifa-african-film-festival/5014532.article |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Screen Daily}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2010 |title=7th Tarifa African Film Festival Awards |url=http://www.supplemagazine.org/2010/05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924211344/http://www.supplemagazine.org/2010/05 |archive-date=24 September 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Supple Magazine}}</ref> Firimu eno era yawangula engule ya [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_in_an_African_Language|Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Film in an African Language .]] Rehema era yafuna okusiimibwa okuva eri omukugu mu kuvumirira [[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]] Boyd Van Hoeij eyawandiika nti, "Rehema Nanfuka, ng'omukozi w'awaka alina ennaku mu kitundu ekyokubiri ekisinga obulungi, awuniikiriza olw'okuwulira kwe okw'ekitiibwa okusirise." <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2010 |title=Imani – Variety |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/markets-festivals/imani-1117942154/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013206/http://variety.com/2010/film/markets-festivals/imani-1117942154/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Variety}}</ref> Omukugu mu kuvumirira [[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|ekitabo kya Hollywood Reporter]] Neil Young yawandiika nti, "Nanfuka ne Buyi bayimbi abasikiriza era bagumira bulungi abantu abawandiikiddwa." <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2010 |title=Imani – Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/imani-film-review-29265 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509075502/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/imani-film-review-29265 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2013, yazannya mu firimu ya [[:en:Joel_Karekezi|Joel Karekezi]] eya ''[[:en:Imbabazi,_The_Pardon|Imbabazi, The Pardon]]'', ekwata ku kittabantu e Rwanda, mwe yasunsulwa okuwangula engule y’omuzannyi asinga mu [[:en:Festival_du_Cinéma_Africain_de_Khouribga|Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga,]] Morocco 2015. Rehema yazannya nga Suzanna mu firimu ya [[:en:Yat_Madit|Yat Madit]] mu 2016 ng’ali wamu ne [[Oyenbot|Gladys Oyenbot]] ne [[Micheal Wawuyo Jr.|Michael Wawuyo Jr.]] Olw’omulimu guno, yawangula engule y’okuzannya firimu ya TV mu kivvulu kya Uganda Film Festival mu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Film Festival Awards |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460998/uganda-film-festival-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013201/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460998/uganda-film-festival-awards |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full cast: Uganda Film festival 2017 winners. |url=http://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/09/02/full-cast-uganda-film-festival-2017-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013012/http://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/09/02/full-cast-uganda-film-festival-2017-winners/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FULL LIST: 2017 Uganda Film Festival Award Winners |url=http://chimplyf.com/2017/09/02/full-list-2017-uganda-film-festival-award-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105075206/http://chimplyf.com/2017/09/02/full-list-2017-uganda-film-festival-award-winners/ |archive-date=5 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Chimplyf}}</ref> Nanfuka ye yalagira abazanyi ekyokola mu firimu [[:en:Veronica's_Wish|ya Veronica’s Wish]] eyawangula engule mu 2018 gye yawangula engule nga Director asinga mu Uganda Film Festival 2018 mu Kampala, n’afuuka omukyala asoose okuwangula engule eno mu Uganda. Firimu eno era yafuna engule endala munaana ku kkumi n’ebiri ezaalondebwa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ugandafilmfestival.ug/veronicas-wish-dominates-uganda-film-festival/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-29 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928163055/https://ugandafilmfestival.ug/veronicas-wish-dominates-uganda-film-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Katemba === Ku siteegi ya katemba, emirimu Rehema gye yasooka okukola gyali mu mizannyo egyategekebwa ku National Theatre. Yazannya nga [[:en:Lady_Macbeth|Lady Macbeth m]]<nowiki/>u muzannyo [[:en:Macbeth|Macbeth]] era n'afuna okusiimibwa okuva mu muzannyo gweyakola okuva eri omukugu mu kuvumirira Daily Monitor Brian Magoba <ref>{{Cite web |title=MacBeth: Tragedy for your delight |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/MacBeth--Tragedy-for-your-delight/691232-1722606-s2ce0k/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013624/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/MacBeth--Tragedy-for-your-delight/691232-1722606-s2ce0k/index.html |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> wamu n'omukugu mu kuvumirira The Observer Polly Komukama, eyawandiika nti, "Rehema Nanfuka yateeka omuzannyo ogusinga obulungi nga Lady Macbeth omubi." <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/entertainment/24246-shakespeares-grittiest-comes-to-kampala |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-29 |archive-date=2018-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013015/http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/entertainment/24246-shakespeares-grittiest-comes-to-kampala |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2015, yazannya Dorra ne Kate mu ''The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in the Bosnia War'' omuzannyo gw’omuwandiisi w’emizannyo Omuromania-Fransa ogwa [[:en:Matei_Visniec|Matei Visniec]] ne [[Judith Adong]] ’s ''Ga-Ad!'' Ebirala bye yakola mu katemba ow’amaanyi mulimu [[:en:Tropical_Fish_(book)|''The Laramie Project'', ''Tropical Fish (ekitabo)'',]] Jean Paul Sartre’s [[:en:No_Exit|''No Exit'']], Just me you n’okusirika n’omugga n’olusozi. Rehema yali omu ku bazannyi b'amaloboozi mu ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/mobile/programmes/2010/08/100826_african_performance_2010_the_cow_needs_a_wife.shtml The Cow Needs a Wife]'', omuzannyo ogwalagibwa ku pulogulaamu ya BBC eya African Performance mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Performance 2010: The winners |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/07/100708_african_performance_2010_the_winners.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120100535/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/07/100708_african_performance_2010_the_winners.shtml |archive-date=20 January 2011 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=BBC}}</ref> Emboozi ya Rehema ebadde efulumira ku pulogulaamu [[:en:The_Moth|ya The Moth]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehema Nanfuka |url=https://themoth.org/storytellers/rehema-nanfuka |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://themoth.org/storytellers/rehema-nanfuka |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Moth}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stories from Nairobi: Sandra Kimokoti, Rehema Nanfuka & Bina Maseno |url=https://themoth.org/podcast/stories-from-nairobi-sandra-kimokoti-rehema-nanfuka-bina-maseno |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://themoth.org/podcast/stories-from-nairobi-sandra-kimokoti-rehema-nanfuka-bina-maseno |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Moth}}</ref> Era nga omuyiiya w'ebigambo ebyogerwa Rehema yafulumira mu pulojekiti ya [[:en:Goethe_Institut|Goethe Institut]] 's Africa spoken word project. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Mic launches fun missiles at corruption |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28775&catid=73 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220845/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28775&catid=73 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 |website=The Observer}}</ref> Yavaayo ng'omuwanguzi w'empaka za Kampala Slam 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The spoken word project at the gzkugcs |url=http://goethezentrumkampala.org/the-spoken-word-project-at-the-gzkugcs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013118/http://goethezentrumkampala.org/the-spoken-word-project-at-the-gzkugcs/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Goethe Gentrum Kampala}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/434746-2017424-xv6j5xz/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-29 |archive-date=2018-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012810/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/434746-2017424-xv6j5xz/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rehema era afunye obuwagizi bw’ebirango bya Airtel Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2018 |title=Airtel Internet is your friend. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af3l9QT74Wo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af3l9QT74Wo |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}</ref> Airtel Malawi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=AIRTEL MONEY Kuchova Loan TVC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5GWjTNekBc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5GWjTNekBc |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}</ref> Milkman Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=MilkMan TVC - Working Lady |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=652qdTUAt18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=652qdTUAt18 |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}</ref> ne ECO Bank Uganda. Rehema azannya nga Lisa Borera mu firimu egenda okufuluma eya ''Kafa Coh'' ne Nkinzi mu muzannyo gwa [[Nana Kagga]] ogugenda okufuluma ku ttivvi, ''Reflections'' . == Okusoma == Rehema yagenda mu [[Essomero lya Kibuli Sekendule|Kibuli Secondary School]], oluvannyuma [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]], yunivasite esinga obukadde mu Uganda gye yafunira diguli mu by’obusuubuzi by’ensi yonna. Era yali muyizi wa [[:en:Maisha_Film_Lab|Maisha Film Lab . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span>'' &#x5D;</sup>]] == Okusunsulwa n’okuweebwa engule == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Omwaka ! Ekirabo ! Olubu ! Alizaati |- | 2018 | rowspan="2" | [[Uganda Film Festival Awards|Engule za Uganda Film Festival]] | [[:en:Veronica's_Wish|Dayirekita asinga]]<br /><br /><br /><br /> ( [[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Television_Drama|Okwagala kwa Veronica )]]| {{won}} |- | 2017 | ''[[:en:Best_Actress|Omuzannyi asinga mu katemba wa TV<br /><br /><br /><br /> mu kibuga Yat Madit]]''| {{won}} |- | 2015 | Ekivvulu kya Sinema ekya Africain de Khouribga, Morocco | [[:en:Best_Actress|Omuzannyi asinga]] (The Pardon –role)| {{nom}} |- | 2013. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Pulojekiti y’ekigambo kyogerwa ekya Goethe Institute, Afrika | Ekigambo ekisinga okwogerwa Omuyimbi mu Kampala| {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | [[:en:African_Film_Festival_of_Cordoba|Ekivvulu kya firimu ekya Africa ekya Cordoba,]] Spain | Engule ya firimu [[:en:Best_Actress|y'omuzannyi asinga]] (Imani- role)| {{won}} |- | [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Awards|Engule za Africa Movie Academy Awards,]] Nigeria | [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Most_Promising_Actor|Omuzannyi asinga okusuubiza]] (Imani- role)| {{won}} |- |} == Okukwata firimu == === Akazannyo === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Omwaka ! rowspan="2" |sineema ! colspan="4" |Omulimu ! rowspan="2" |obujjukizo |- !Omuzannyi ![[:en:Film_director|omukulembeze]] ![[:en:Film_writer|Omuwandiisi]] ![[:en:Film_producer|Pulodusa]] |- |2022 |''Kafa Coh'' |Lisa Borera | | | |Directed by Gilbert K. Lukalia <br /><br /> Produced by Doreen Mirembe |- |2020 |''[[:en:The_Girl_in_the_Yellow_Jumper|Omuwala ali mu kyambalo ekya kyenvu]]'' |Dorothy | | | |Thriller |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[:en:Veronica's_Wish|Veronica kyayagala]]'' | | {{yes}} | | | |- |''[[:en:Imperial_Blue_(film)|Imperial Blue]]'' |Angela Mbira | | | |Drama / Fantasy / Thriller |- |''Okusisinkana amambuka'' |Stella | | | |Short |- |''5 Yogera ebifunze'' | | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''[[:en:Kyenvu|Kyenvu]]'' |Taxi gossip | | | |Short film |- |''Ekirooto kyaTebandeke'' | | | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |Documentary |- |'' [[:en:Papi_(2018_film)|Papi (film)]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2018 |title=Belgian-Ugandan thriller 'Papi' to premiere Thursday |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/news/events/belgian-ugandan-thriller-papi-premiere-thursday.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013026/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/news/events/belgian-ugandan-thriller-papi-premiere-thursday.html |archive-date=11 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2018 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> '' |Mother | | | | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''[[Queen of Katwe|Nabagerekab we Katwe]]'' |Nurse | | | |Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |- |'' Kabaka we kizikiza '' |Doctor | | | | |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |'' Okuddirimu omuntu ekintu (Imbabazi) '' |Alice | | | | |- |''oluguudo lwe tutambula '' |Housewife | | | | |- |'' Haunted Souls '' |Apoto Grace | | | {{yes}} | |- |'' Nico the Donkey '' | | | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | |- |'' 4G Spirit'' | | {{yes}} | | |Documentary |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |'' [[:en:Imani_(film)|Imani (film)]]'' |Mary | | | |Won two awards; Best Actress Tarifa Africa film festival and Most promising actress at the AMAAs |- |'' Estranged'' |Maama eyemalirira | | | | |- |2009 |'' Okuddiramu omuntu ekintu'' |Alice | | | |Maisha Film Lab |- |2008 |'' Down Cast '' |Omukyala w'omu maka | | | |Maisha Film Lab |- |2008 |''ebyonoono byabazadde'' |Mama Junior | | | |Short |- |2007 |''Kkirira ku luguudo I Tambula'' |Receptionist | | | |Production company: Trendz Studios |- |} === Ttivvi === {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;" |Year ! rowspan="2" style="width:250px;" |Television Series ! colspan="4" |Role ! rowspan="2" |Notes |- ! style="width:65px;" |Actor ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_director|Director]] ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_writer|Writer]] ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_producer|Producer]] |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''okufulumya omwana eggwanga (Akatundu 2)'' |Maama yakakibwa okutunda omwana omuto | | | |[[:en:NPO_1|NPO 1 Dutch Public Broadcasting]] |- |''Reflections'' |Nkinzi | | | |[[Savannah Moon Pictures]] |- |2016 |''[[:en:Yat_Madit|Yat Madit]]'' |Suzanna | | | |Media Focus on Africa |- |2014 |''Love Makanika'' |okukulembera | | | |Dilstories |- |2011 |'' Fruits of love '' |Omuwala omukulu | | | |IVAD Productions |- |2010 |'' Kakibe ki! '' |okukulembera | | | |NTV Uganda |- |} === Katemba === {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;" |Omwaka ! rowspan="2" style="width:250px;" |okutekawo ekintu ekipya ! colspan="4" |Role ! rowspan="2" |Notes |- ! style="width:65px;" |Omuzannyi ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_director|omukulembeze]] ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_writer|omuwandiisi]] ! style="width:65px;" |[[:en:Film_producer|Producer]] |- |2019 |''Niqabi Ninja'' |Hana | | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamuturaki |first=Musinguzi |date=6 July 2020 |title=Sara Shaarawi's play 'Niqabi Ninja' comes to Uganda |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/sara-shaarawi-s-play-niqabi-ninja-comes-to-uganda-1423468 |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=The East African}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |'' Bannalulungi mukingole kyabayimbi mu afirika<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2018 |title=Afroman Spice to celebrate African slay queens |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201804/four-one-one/afroman-spice-to-celebrate-african-slay-queens.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013211/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201804/four-one-one/afroman-spice-to-celebrate-african-slay-queens.html |archive-date=11 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2018 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> '' | | {{yes}} | | |Afroman Spice |- |'' Obumanyiire'' |Omukyala | | | | |- |''tukomyewo! ku nsibuko yaffe afirika 2018 okulambula '' | | {{yes}} | | | |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |'' Tropical Fish<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tropical Fish: Re-defining Woman's Sexuality |url=https://kampalainternationaltheatrefestival.com/tropical-fish-re-defining-womans-sexuality/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://kampalainternationaltheatrefestival.com/tropical-fish-re-defining-womans-sexuality/ |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Kampala International Theatre Festival}}</ref>'' |Solo Performer | {{yes}} | | | |- |'' wabula ggwe,nze,wamu n'akasirikiriro'' |Omukyala/Munnamawulire | | | | |- |'' obulamu bwange mu kasaanduuko ka laangi '' |Solo performer | | | | |- |'' TVET '' | | {{yes}} | | |For Belgium embassy |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |'' [[:en:The_Laramie_Project|pulojekiti ya Laramie]] '' |Omuyizi /munnamawulire /Omusomesa | | | | |- |'' Ga-AD! '' |Faith – Secretary | | | | |- |'' Omusajja omu,omukazi omu '' | | {{yes}} | | |(Laba Fest) |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |''omubiri gwomukazigukola nga ekisaawe kyolutalo lwe Bosnian '' |Dorra ne Kate | | | | |- |'' Obuli bwenkwe mu kibuga '' | | {{yes}} | | | |- |'' Visions of Destiny '' | | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | | |- |2013 |'' [[:en:Macbeth|Macbeth]]'' |Omukyala Macbeth | | | | |- |2012 |''omugga n'olusozi '' |Pastor | | | | |- |2011 |'' [[:en:No_Exit|No Exit]] '' |Estelle | | | | |- |2010 |'' Ente yetaaga omukazi '' |Blind Janat | | | |BBC African Performance Program |- |} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [./Rehema_Nanfuka_at_IMDb_Rehema_Nanfuka_on_Twitter_https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html Rehema Nanfuka at IMDb] * [./Rehema_Nanfuka_at_IMDb_Rehema_Nanfuka_on_Twitter_https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html Rehema Nanfuka on Twitte]r * https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html Archived 20 September 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] == Emirimu == === Firimu ne Telefayina === Rehema okuzannya katemba mu firimu yakutandikira mu [[:en:Mira_Nair|Mira Nair]] eya [[:en:Maisha_Film_Lab|Maisha Film Lab]] eyafulumizibwa mu mwaka gwa 2008, ''Downcast'' gye yazannya ng’omukyala w'awaka. Omulimu gwe ogwa mututmuda weyazannya nga Mary omukozi w'awaka mu ''[[:en:Imani_(film)|Imani]]'' gwamuwangulira engule bbira nnamba; [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Most_Promising_Actor|engule ya Africa Movie Academy Award for Most Promising Actress]] mu mwaka gwa 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2010 Winners |url=https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA)}}</ref> nga obuwanguzi buno yabugabana ne Chelsea Eze n'engule y'omuzannyi asinga mu [[:en:African_Film_Festival_of_Cordoba|African Film Festival e Cordoba]], Spain mu mwaka gwa 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teza takes top prize at Spain's Tarifa African Film Festival |url=https://www.screendaily.com/teza-takes-top-prize-at-spains-tarifa-african-film-festival/5014532.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012956/https://www.screendaily.com/teza-takes-top-prize-at-spains-tarifa-african-film-festival/5014532.article |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Screen Daily}}</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/</nowiki></ref> Firimu eno era ye yawangula engule ya [[:en:Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_in_an_African_Language|Africa Movie Academy Award mu firimu esinga obulungi mu lulimi lwa Africa]] . Rehema era yafuna okusiimibwa okuva eri omukugu mu [[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]] Boyd Van Hoeij eyawandiika , "Rehema Nanfuka, ng'omukozi w'awaka alina ennaku n'ebimusumbuwa ebingi mu kitundu ekyokubiri ekisinga obulungi, awuniikiriza olw'empisa ze ennungi ez'ekitiibwa n'obwetowazs ." <ref>"Imani – Variety". Variety. 11 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.</ref> Neil Young omukugu mu omuwaabi mu Hollywood yawandiika nti, "Nanfuka ne Buyi bazanyi abasikiriza era bakwata mangu newe baba bawereddwa okuzannya nga ebigambo bye babawadde tebimala ." <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2010 |title=Imani – Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/imani-film-review-29265 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509075502/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/imani-film-review-29265 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2013, yazannya mu firimu ya [[:en:Joel_Karekezi|Joel Karekezi]] eya ''[[:en:Imbabazi,_The_Pardon|Imbabazi, The Pardon]]'', eyali ekwata ku kittabantu e Rwanda, mwe yasunsulibwa okuwangula engule y’omuzannyi asinga mu [[:en:Festival_du_Cinéma_Africain_de_Khouribga|Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga]], e Morocco mu 2015. Rehema yazannya nga Suzanna mu firimu ya Yat Madit mu mwaka gwa 2016 ng’ali wamu ne [[Oyenbot|Gladys Oyenbot]] ne [[Micheal Wawuyo Jr.|Michael Wawuyo Jr.]] Era olw’omulimu guno, yawangula engule y’okuzannya firimu ku TV mu kivvulu kya Uganda Film Festival mu mwaka gwa 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Film Festival Awards |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460998/uganda-film-festival-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013201/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460998/uganda-film-festival-awards |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full cast: Uganda Film festival 2017 winners. |url=http://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/09/02/full-cast-uganda-film-festival-2017-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013012/http://kampalasun.co.ug/2017/09/02/full-cast-uganda-film-festival-2017-winners/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FULL LIST: 2017 Uganda Film Festival Award Winners |url=http://chimplyf.com/2017/09/02/full-list-2017-uganda-film-festival-award-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105075206/http://chimplyf.com/2017/09/02/full-list-2017-uganda-film-festival-award-winners/ |archive-date=5 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Chimplyf}}</ref> Nanfuka ye yalagira abazanyi ekyokola mu firimu [[:en:Veronica's_Wish|ya Veronica’s Wish]] eyawangula engule mu mwaka gwa 2018 gye yawangula engule ya Director asinga mu Uganda Film Festival mu mwaka gwa 2018 mu Kampala, n’afuuka omukyala asoose okuwangula engule eno mu Uganda. Firimu eno era yafuna engule endala munaana ku kkumi n’ebiri ezaalondebwa. === Ekifo awzannyorwa emizannyo(theatre) === Ku siteegi okuzangirwa katemba, emirimu Rehema gye yasooka okukola gyali mu mizannyo egyategekebwa ku National Theatre. Yazannya nga [./Lady_Macbethhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Macbeth Lady Macbeth] mu muzannyo [[:en:Macbeth|Macbeth]] mweyafuna okusiimibwa okuva mu muzannyo gwe yakola okuva eri omukugu mu Daily Monitor Brian Magoba <ref>{{Cite web |title=MacBeth: Tragedy for your delight |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/MacBeth--Tragedy-for-your-delight/691232-1722606-s2ce0k/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013624/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/MacBeth--Tragedy-for-your-delight/691232-1722606-s2ce0k/index.html |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}.</ref> wamu n'omukugu mu kuvumirira Observer Polly Komukama, eyawandiika nagamba nti, "Rehema Nanfuka yayolesa obukugu bungi weyazannya nga Macbeth omukazi omubi ennyo." Mu mwaka gwa 2015, yazannya Dorra ne Kate mu ''The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in the Bosnia War'' omuzannyo ogwawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omuromania-Fransa ogwa [[:en:Matei_Visniec|Matei Visniec]] ne [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Adong Judith Adong] 's ''Ga-Ad!'' Ebirala bye yakola mu kuzannya ku siteegi ow’amaanyi mulimu ''[[:en:The_Laramie_Project|The Laramie Project]]'', ''[[:en:Tropical_Fish_(book)|Tropical Fish (ekitabo)]]'', Jean Paul Sartre’s ''[[:en:No_Exit|No Exit]]'', ndi nze naawe, n’okusirika n’omugga n’olusozi. Rehema yali omu ku bazannyi b'amaloboozi mu ''[[:en:|The Cow Needs a Wife]]'', omuzannyo ogwalagibwa ku BBC mu pulogulamu ya African Performance mu mwaka gwa 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Performance 2010: The winners |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/07/100708_african_performance_2010_the_winners.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120100535/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/07/100708_african_performance_2010_the_winners.shtml |archive-date=20 January 2011 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=BBC}}</ref> Emboozi ya Rehema ebadde efulumira ne ku pulogulaamu [[:en:The_Moth|ya The Moth]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehema Nanfuka |url=https://themoth.org/storytellers/rehema-nanfuka |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://themoth.org/storytellers/rehema-nanfuka |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Moth}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stories from Nairobi: Sandra Kimokoti, Rehema Nanfuka & Bina Maseno |url=https://themoth.org/podcast/stories-from-nairobi-sandra-kimokoti-rehema-nanfuka-bina-maseno |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://themoth.org/podcast/stories-from-nairobi-sandra-kimokoti-rehema-nanfuka-bina-maseno |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=The Moth}}</ref> Era nga omuyiiya w'ebigambo ebyogerwa Rehema yafulumira mu pulojekiti ya [[:en:Goethe_Institut|Goethe Institut]] 's Africa spoken word project. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Mic launches fun missiles at corruption |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28775&catid=73 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220845/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28775&catid=73 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 |website=The Observer}}</ref> Yavaayo ng'omuwanguzi mu mpaka za Kampala Slam 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The spoken word project at the gzkugcs |url=http://goethezentrumkampala.org/the-spoken-word-project-at-the-gzkugcs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013118/http://goethezentrumkampala.org/the-spoken-word-project-at-the-gzkugcs/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Goethe Gentrum Kampala}}</ref> Rehema era afunye obuwagizi bw’okola ebirango bya Airtel Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2018 |title=Airtel Internet is your friend. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af3l9QT74Wo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af3l9QT74Wo |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}.</ref> Airtel Malawi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2016 |title=AIRTEL MONEY Kuchova Loan TVC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5GWjTNekBc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5GWjTNekBc |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}.</ref> Milkman Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=MilkMan TVC - Working Lady |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=652qdTUAt18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=652qdTUAt18 |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=Youtube}}</ref> ne ECO Bank Uganda. Rehema azannya nga Lisa Borera mu firimu egenda okufuluma eya ''Kafa Coh'' ne Nkinzi mu muzannyo gwa [[:en:Nana_Kagga|Nana Kagga]] ogugenda okufuluma ku ttivvi, ''Reflections'' . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] 59a1bgcexuhdtcqapg7gypebgf3giqt Kookolo w’amawuggwe 0 12789 78177 76841 2026-11-08T01:07:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kookolo w'amawuggwe |synonym =Kkansa w'amawuggwe |image =LungCACXR.PNG |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A [[chest X-ray]] ekifaananyi ekiraga ekizimba ku mawuggwa (kisongeddwaako akasaale) |pronounce = |specialty =[[Oncology]]<ref name=WHO2021.1.inttro/> |obubonero =Okukolola (omuli okukolola omusaayi]]), okukogga, okukaluubirizibwa mu kussa, [[obulumi mu kifuba]]s<ref name="Harrison"/> |complications = |onset =~70 years<ref name="SEER"/> |duration = |types =*[[Small-cell carcinoma|Small-cell lung carcinoma]] (SCLC) *[[Non-small-cell lung carcinoma]] (NSCLC)<ref name=NCI2016Pt/> |causes = |risks ={{hlist|[[Tobacco smoking]]|[[genetics|genetic factors]]|[[radon]] gas|[[asbestos]]|[[air pollution]]<ref name=Kumar2020/>}} |diagnosis =[[Medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy|radiotherapy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/> |medication = |prognosis =[[Five-year survival rate]]: 10 to 20% (most countries), 33% (Japan), 27% (Israel), 25% (Republic of Korea)<ref name="Sung2021"/> |frequency =2.2&nbsp;million new cases in 2020<ref name="Glob2020"/> |deaths =1.8&nbsp;million (2020)<ref name="Sung2021"/> |named after = }} '''Kookolo w'amawuggwe''' era amanyiddwa nga kkansa '''w'amawuggwe''', [[Tumor|kizimba]] ekikulira mu [[Lung|mawuggwe]] nga kirimu obuwuka bwa [[Kokolo|kookolo]] ekimanyiddwa olw'[[Cell_growth|okukula kw'obutoffaali]] obutafugibwa mu bitundu by'amawuggwe.<ref>{{cite book |author1=WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board |date=2021 |title=Thoracic Tumours |url=https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-832-4506-3 |edition=5th |volume=5 |location=Lyon (France) |pages=20-28 |language=en |chapter=1. Tumours of the lung: introduction |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514042717/https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514042717/https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021|date=14 May 2022}}</ref> Okukula kuno kuyinza okusaasaana okusukka amawuggwe nga kuyita mu nkola y’okusaasaana mu bitundu ebiriraanyewo oba ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala eyitibwa [[Metastasis|metastatsis]].<ref>{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Lung Cancer—the facts |url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 |vauthors=Falk S, Williams C |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-956933-5 |edition=3rd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 3–4] |chapter=Chapter 1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk}}</ref> Kookolo atandikira mu mawuggwe, asinga obungi y'oyo ayitibwa [[Carcinomas|carcinomas]].<ref name="WCR2014Chp5.1">{{cite book |year=2010 |title=Lung Cancer—the facts |url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 |vauthors=Falk S, Williams C |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-956933-5 |edition=3rd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 3–4] |chapter=Chapter 1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk}}</ref> Ebika ebikulu ebibiri bye bino: [[Small-cell_lung_carcinoma|kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obutono]] (small-cell lung carcinoma) ne [[Non-small-cell_lung_carcinoma|kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obunene]] (non-small-cell lung carcinoma).<ref>{{cite web |date=1980-01-01 |title=Lung Cancer—Patient Version |url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309175259/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung |archive-date=9 March 2016 |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=NCI |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309175259/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> Obubonero bwa kookolo w'amawuggwe obusinga okulabika kwe kukolola (nga mw’otwalidde n’okukolola omusaayi ), okukogga, okukaluubirizibwa mu kussa, n’okuwulira obulumi mu kifuba.<ref name="Harrison">{{Cite book|vauthors=Horn L, Lovly CM|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781259834806_1|publisher=McGraw-Hill|veditors=Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J|year=2018|chapter=Chapter 74: Neoplasms of the lung|edition=20th|isbn=978-1259644030}}</ref> Ebitundu 80 ku 100 mu balwadde ba kookolo w’amawuggwe biva ku [[Tobacco_smoking|kufuuweeta taaba oba sigala]] okumala ebbanga eddene.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sung |first1=Hyuna |last2=Ferlay |first2=Jacques |last3=Siegel |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Laversanne |first4=Mathieu |last5=Soerjomataram |first5=Isabelle |last6=Jemal |first6=Ahmedin |last7=Bray |first7=Freddie |date=May 2021 |title=Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |url-status=live |journal=CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=209–249 |doi=10.3322/caac.21660 |issn=1542-4863 |pmid=33538338 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/|date=14 December 2021}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna, kookolo w’amawuggwe mu bantu abatafuuweetanga ku sigala oba taaba gugenze gweyongera.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Dubin |first1=Sarah |last2=Griffin |first2=Daniel |date=2020 |title=Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/ |url-status=live |journal=Missouri Medicine |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=375–379 |issn=0026-6620 |pmid=32848276 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117173224/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/ |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117173224/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/|date=17 January 2021}}</ref> Embeera eno etera okuva ku [[Essomabuzaale|nsonga z’obuzaale]] kw'ossa omuntu okussa omukka omubi omuli ogwa [[Radon|radon]], [[Asbestos|asibesito]], [[Passive_smoking|okuyingiza empewo erimu omukka gwa taaba]] oba omukka ogw'engere endala oguba gulimu obuwuka.<ref name="Kumar2020">{{Cite book|last=White|first=Veronica|last2=Ruperelia|first2=Prina|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|pages=975-982|edition=10th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|language=en|chapter=28.Respiratory disease|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119144202/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MurrayNadel52">{{Cite book|vauthors=Alberg AJ, Brock MV, Samet JM|title=Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0001unse|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|year=2016|chapter=Chapter 52: Epidemiology of lung cancer|edition=6th|isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref> Kookolo w’amawuggwe ayinza okuzuulibwa ng'abakugu beeyambisa ebyuma okuli [[Chest_radiograph|ekikuba ekifaananyi ky'omu kifuba]] (chest radiograph) n'ekya [[Computed_tomography|computed tomography]](CT scan).<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Okuzuula obulwadde buno kukakasibwa mu ngeri ya biopsy etera okukolebwa mu bronchoscopy oba CT-guidance.<ref name="Holland-Frei78">{{Cite book|vauthors=Lu C, Onn A, Vaporciyan AA, etal|title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/hollandfreicance0000unse|edition=8th|chapter=Chapter 78: Cancer of the Lung|publisher=People's Medical Publishing House|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60795-014-1}}</ref> Okwewala ebintu eby’obulabe, omuli okunywa sigala oba taaba n’obutassa mukka gwabulabe z’enkola enkulu ez’okuziyizaamu kookolo ono.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 4, 2015 |title=Lung Cancer Prevention–Patient Version (PDQ®) |url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309063009/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=NCI |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309063009/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> Obujjanjabi n’ekuwona oba obutawona kisinziira ku kika kya kookolo, [[Staging_(pathology)|omutendera]] kw'azuuliddwa (diguli y’okusaasaana), n’embeera y'obulamu bw’omuntu okutwalira awamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lung Carcinoma: Tumors of the Lungs |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816142739/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405 |archive-date=16 August 2007 |access-date=15 August 2007 |publisher=Merck Manual Professional Edition, Online edition |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816142739/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405|date=16 August 2007}}</ref> Abalwadde abasinga obungi tebawona. Obujjanjabi obutera okukozesebwa mulimu okulongoosebwa, enkola ey'okukalirira n'okukozesa amasannyalaze ekiyitibwa radiotherapy.<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obunene oluusi ajjanjabwa n’okulongoosebwa, so nga kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obutono etera okuwonera ku nkola ey'okukalirirwa n’obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Chapman S, Robinson G, Stradling J, West S, Wrightson J|title=Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 31|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2/page/284 284]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-870386-0}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna mu 2020, kookolo w’amawuggwe yaluma abantu obukadde 2 mu emitwalo 20 n'avaako okufa kw'abantu akakadde 1 m emitwalo 80.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sung |first1=Hyuna |last2=Ferlay |first2=Jacques |last3=Siegel |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Laversanne |first4=Mathieu |last5=Soerjomataram |first5=Isabelle |last6=Jemal |first6=Ahmedin |last7=Bray |first7=Freddie |date=May 2021 |title=Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |url-status=live |journal=CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=209–249 |doi=10.3322/caac.21660 |issn=1542-4863 |pmid=33538338 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/|date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lung |url=https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119005102/https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=gco.iarc.fr |publisher=World Health Organization}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119005102/https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf|date=19 January 2022}}</ref> Kino kifuula ekika kya kookolo ono okubeera ekisinga ebirala mu kutta abasajja ate ng'akwata kyakubiri mu kutta abakazi ng'oggyeeko [[Breast_cancer|kookolo w'amabeere]]. Wadde ng'okutwaliza awamu emiwendo gy'abalwala kookolo ono gikendedde, omuwendo mu bantu abatanywangako sigala naye ne balwala gwawukana okusinziira ku nsi ez'enjawulo, naye okutwalira awamu gubadde gweyongera, ng’abasajja 15–20 ku 100 tebanywa ssigala ate abakazi abasukka mu bitundu 50 ku 100 tebanywa ssigala.<ref name=":0" /> Emyaka gy'abasinga okuzuulwamu obulwadde buno baba eyo mu myaka 70.<ref>{{cite web |title=Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program |url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031945/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 Mar 2016 |website=National Cancer Institute |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031945/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html|date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Mu nsi ezisinga obungi okuwangaala okw'ebbanga ly'emyaka etaanokuli ku bitundu 10 ku 20 ku 100,<ref name="Sung2021" /> ate mu Japan guli ku bitundu 33 ku 100, mu Yisirayiri ebitundu 27 ku 100, ate mu Republic of Korea ku bitundu 25 ku 100.<ref name="Sung2021" /> Okufa kw'abazuulwamu kookolo ono kungi nnyo mu nzi ekikyakula.<ref name="Maj2009">{{Cite book|last=Majumder|first=Sadhan|title=Stem cells and cancer|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-89611-3|page=193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|edition=Online-Ausg.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018040051/https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|archive-date=18 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okufulumizibwa ku kookolo ono kyafulumizibwa Isaac Adler mu 1912, ekyalaga nti obubonero obumwoleka bwonna bwali tebuvuddeeyo bulungi.<ref name="Kloeck2021.1">{{Cite book|last=Kloecker|first=Goetz|editor-last=Kloecker|editor-first=Goetz|editor-last2=Fraig|editor-first2=Mostafa|editor-last3=Arnold|editor-first3=Susanne M.|editor-last4=Perez|editor-first4=Cesar A.|title=Lung Cancer: Standards of Care|date=7 December 2021|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-13620-3|pages=3-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|language=en|chapter=1. History of lung cancer|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128162659/https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 40np40gkrg9bc57zx5i8p0k07lhvfo8 Patricia Chepkwemoi 0 12798 78190 46520 2026-11-08T01:43:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Chepkwemoi''' (yazaalibwa 1994) [[:en:Long-distance_running|Munnayuganda omuddusi mu misinde emiwanvu]]. Mu [[:en:2015_IAAF_World_Cross_Country_Championships|mpaka z’ensi yonna eza Cross Country Championships eza 2015]] yamalira mu kifo kya 30 mu z’abakulu n’awangula omudaali gw’ekikomo mu za ttiimu. Yamalira mu kyakuna [[:en:2018_World_Mountain_Running_Championships|mu mpaka z'ensi yonna ez'okudduka ku nsozi eza 2018]]. <ref>[https://www.les-sports.info/patricia-chepkwemoi-athletisme-spf381527.html Les-Sports]</ref> <ref name="results_world_mountain_running_championships_2018">{{Cite web |title=Results |url=http://wmra.ch/files/News/OFFICIAL_RESULTATS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707202659/http://wmra.ch/files/News/OFFICIAL_RESULTATS.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2019 |access-date=17 August 2020 |website=2018 World Mountain Running Championships}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} a9qvzxcupr48sjo53e91pbpcmprrzga Evelyn Namara 0 12824 78162 73998 2026-11-08T00:38:43Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Evelyn Namara''' Munnayuganda omukugu mu tekinologiya, [[:en:Entrepreneur|omusuubuzi wa]] tekinologiya, era [[:en:Corporate_executive|akulira amakampuni]] . Ye mutandisi wa kkampuni ya Vouch Digital eyatandikibwawo mu 2015.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">This reference is used 6 times on this page.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Nakiyemba's leap from day job to a tech programmer |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/nakiyemba-s-leap-from-day-job-to-a-tech-programmer-1850244 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Namara akola nga [[:en:Non-executive_director|dayirekita atali mukulu]] ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:KCB_Bank_Uganda_Limited|KCB Bank Uganda]], [[MTN Uganda|MTN]] Mobile Money Uganda Limited, ne [[:en:Village_Enterprise|Village Enterprise]] . Yafuna okusiimibwa nga Munnayuganda eyasooka okufuna engule ya [[:en:AnitaB.org|Anita Borg]] Change Agent Award mu October 2012.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> Ye mutandisi wa Innovate Uganda.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=Women we celebrate in 2017 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/women-we-celebrate-in-2017-1729932 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=African School on Internet Governance 2016: A multidimensional, mind-stretching and enriching experience {{!}} Association for Progressive Communications |url=https://www.apc.org/en/news/african-school-internet-governance-2016-multidimen |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=www.apc.org}}</ref> == Ensibuko n’obuyigirize == Namara yazaalibwa mu maka g’abaana bana, nga ye muwala yekka mu baganda be abasatu.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Mulupi |first=Dinfin |date=2014-03-11 |title=Women in Africa need 'a tough skin' to succeed in the tech industry |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/women-in-africa-need-a-tough-skin-to-succeed-in-the-tech-industry/36477/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405145627/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/women-in-africa-need-a-tough-skin-to-succeed-in-the-tech-industry/36477/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alina diguli ye esooka mu sayaansi ne kompyuuta okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]].<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":12"/> Namara era yafuna Dipuloma mu Bizinensi eziwangaala n’obukulembeze obw’obuvunaanyizibwa, ng’essira aliteeka ku kunoonyereza ku buwangaazi, okuva mu The Swedish Institute Management Program (SIMP).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":12" /> Namara alina dipuloma mu by’amawulire okuva ku ssetendekero erya mawulire ne nkolagana muby'okumutimbagano,<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":7"/> era gyeyafunira ne satifikeeti ye eya [[:en:Cisco_Certified_Network_Associate|Cisco Certified Network Associate]] (CCNA). Enkulaakulana ye ey'ekikugu mulimu okutendekebwamu mpeereza z'omutimbagano ezisobola okulinnyisibwa n'enkola ya Scalable Network Infrastructure ekwasaganyizibwa ekibiina kya The African Network Operators Group (AfNOG).<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":8"/> Mu 2013, Namara yalondebwa nga East Africa Regional Fellow mu nteekateeka ya Acumen Fund East Africa Fellows Program.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Namara: Tech has no gender! - TECHHER |url=https://techherng.com/evelyn-namara/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yagenda mu nteekateeka ya [[:en:INSEAD|INSEAD]] ey’okutandikawo emirimu gy’abantu (ISEP) mu 2018.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":12"/> Namara yeetaba nga IDEX Global Fellow mu IDEX Accelerator Global Fellows Program mu 2015.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=DomínguezMunllonch |first=Montse |date=2021-05-19 |title=Female Entrepreneurs : Evelyn Namara |url=https://www.coachabilityfoundation.org/post/female-entrepreneurs-evelyn-namara |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=www.coachabilityfoundation.org}}</ref><ref name=":8"/> Mu March 2017, yali munne [[:en:ICANN|mu ICANN]] 58.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Namara |url=https://ug.kcbgroup.com/about-us/our-leaders#bod-8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405131541/https://ug.kcbgroup.com/about-us/our-leaders |archive-date=2024-04-05 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=KCB Bank Uganda}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> Mu 2020, Namara yali mu nteekateeka ya FORTUNE-UN Department of State Department of State Global Women’s Mentoring Program.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Namara |url=https://www.vitalvoices.org/mentee/evelyn-namara/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Vital Voices |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mulimu gwe ogwasooka mwalimu okutendekebwa mu One2Net, gye yakugukira mu kukola pulogulaamu [[:en:Unix|za UNIX]].<ref name=":1"/> == Omulimu == Mu 2006, Namara yali omu ku bakyala abaatandikawo Kkampuni ya LinuxChix Africa Kati etekyaliwo.<ref name=":8"/> Era ye mmemba eyatandikawoekibiina kkya Girl Geek Kampala.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9"/> Okuva mu 2015, Namara y’abadde akulira kkampuni ya Vouch Digital era omutandisi.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":11"/><ref name=":12"/> Emabegako, Namara yakolako nga systems administrator mu Orange Uganda Limited okuva mu 2008 okutuuka mu 2011.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Stanwick|first1=Peter A.|title=Suppliers, governments, and NGOs|date=2020-08-09|work=Corporate Sustainability Leadership|pages=182–205|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351024983-8|access-date=2024-04-05|place=First Edition. {{!}} New York : Routledge, 2020.|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-02498-3|last2=Stanwick|first2=Sarah D.|doi=10.4324/9781351024983-8|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-03 |title=Taking digital payments to the last mile |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/taking-digital-payments-to-the-last-mile--1865298 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa kino, yaweereza nga Country Director for Solar Sister, ekitongole ekyali kissa essira ku kugaba amataala g’enjuba eri abakyala b’omu byalo abatalina masannyalaze, okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2013.<ref name=":11"/> <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=sqoopadmin |date=2013-10-18 |title=Quick CV: Evelyn Namara – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201310/columnists/my-cv/quick-cv-evelyn-namara.html |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Kyamutetera |first=Muhereza |date=2023-07-07 |title=The 111 women at the heart of Uganda's banking industry |url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/the-111-women-at-the-heart-of-ugandas-banking-industry/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=CEO East Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2014, Namara yaliko ekifo kya Regional Manager for East Africa mu Beyonic Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bambino |first=Roger |date=2014-05-19 |title=The 2014 Annual Communication Innovation Awards in Pictures |url=https://techjaja.com/the-2014-annual-communication-innovation-awards-in-pictures/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Techjaja |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":12"/> Okuva mu January okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2015, yali Implementation Manager for Blended Learning mu Wings Learning Centres. Namara yaweereza ng’omubaka mu lukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olufuga yintaneeti mu Brazil mu Gwekuminogumu 2015, ng’akiikirira ekibiina kya yintaneeti. Omulimu guno yaguzzeemu mu lukiiko lwa 2016 mu Mexico.<ref name=":6"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2016 |title=Evelyn Namara: Don't wait until you have the perfect product – She Leads Africa |url=https://sheleadsafrica.org/evelyn-namara/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Namara |url=https://a4ai.org/profile/evelyn-namara/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Alliance for Affordable Internet |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405152249/https://a4ai.org/profile/evelyn-namara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaliko omumyuka wa Ssentebe w’ekibiina kya ICT Association of Uganda okuva mu Gwoluberyeberye 2016 okutuuka mu Gwekumi 2016. Oluvannyuma, okuva mu Gwekuminogumu 2016 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2018, Namara yakwasaganya emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika eri ekibiina kya Africa Civil Society on Information Society (ACSIS). Era yaweereza nga Policy Outreach fellow mu [[:en:Internet_Society|Internet Society]] okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. Okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2019, Namara yali mubaka wa nsi yonna mu kitongole kya IAMTHECODE foundation era yawaayo nga ttiimu ku Bridge17.org. Yakola nga Maneja w’ebibiina ebikwatagana n’abantu n’ebibiina ebifaayo eby’enjawulo mu [[:en:Internet_Society|kibiina kya yintaneeti]] okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 202.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Namara |url=https://www.internetsociety.org/author/namara/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Internet Society |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":12"/> Namara yeegatta ku [[:en:Alliance_for_Affordable_Internet|kibiina kya Alliance for Affordable Internet]] (A4AI) nga Project Manager era Omunoonyereza, ng’aweereza okuva mu November 2021 okutuuka mu October 2022.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":13"/><ref name=":12"/> Okuva mu October 2021, Namara abadde Dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu mu kkampuni ya MTN Mobile Money Uganda Limited (okuva mu 2024).<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":12"/> Mu 2022, yalondebwa nga Independent Non-Executive Director ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:KCB_Bank_Uganda_Limited|KCB Bank Uganda]].<ref name=":6" /> Era aweereza ku lukiiko oluwabula mu Refactory<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":12" /> era mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Village_Enterprise|Village Enterprise]] . Mu Global Digital Inclusion Partnership, Namara yaliko Senior Partnerships Manager & Researcher okuva mu December 2022 okutuuka mu January 2024. Mu January 2024, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa Senior Programs Manager.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=I am Generation Equality – Evelyn Namara |url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/stories/i-am-generation-equality/2023/03/i-am-generation-equality-evelyn-namara |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=UN Women – Africa |language=en}}</ref> Namara era abaddeko ky'akola ng'omutendesi era musomesa mu kibiina kya The Africa Network Operators Group (AfNOG) ne AfCHIX.<ref name=":11"/><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":8"/><ref name=":12"/> Yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akasunsula engule ya Change Agent ABIE Award.<ref name=":10"/> == Okutandikawo kkampuni ekakasa nti ebifulumizibwa ku mutimbagano biri ku mulembe == Olugendo lwa Namara olw’okutandikawo emirimu mu tekinologiya lwe lwamutuusa ku The Innovation Village. Mu 2015, yeegatta ku ttiimu eyali egenderera okukola omukutu okukendeeza ku mivuyo n’obuli bw’enguzi mu kugaba [[:en:Aid|obuyambi]] bw’ensi yonna n’obuyambi okuva mu bitongole ebiyamba abantu, ng’essira aliteeka ku kwongera obwerufu mu nkola z’okugula n’okugaba.<ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2"/> Omukisa gwajjawo ekitongole ky’enkulaakulana bwe kyafuba okugaba emirimu egy’ebweru okutondawo enkola ey’okulondoola n’okutuusa eddembe eri abo abafuna ssente mu mayiro esembayo. Namara yaweebwa omulimu gwa pulojekiti eno, n’aweebwa ssente mu kusooka okuteekebwamu ddoola 25,000 okuva mu kibiina, era n’aweebwa ekiseera kya mwezi gumu.<ref name=":2"/> Yakuŋŋaanya ttiimu, era bonna awamu ne bakola enteekateeka y’enkola ya bbaluwa ez’ebyuma bikalimagezi eyategekebwa okugabanya eddembe, ebintu, n’obuweereza.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2" /> Mu 2016, Namara ne ttiimu ye baakola prototype yaabwe eyasooka, oluvannyuma eyassibwa mu nkola ne Mercy Corps ku pulojekiti mu Northern Karamoja.<ref name=":2"/> Vouch Digital era yakolagana n’ebibiina by’obwannakyewa ebirala eby’ensi yonna, omuli Catholic Relief Services ne World Food Programme.<ref name=":0"/> Mu 2019, Namara yakyusa erinnya lya kkampuni ye n’agifuula Vouch Digital, ng’essira aliteeka ku kukola API okusobola amaanyi mu kusikiriza kwa digito ng’ayita mu nkolagana n’abatabaganya pulogulaamu eziwerako.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Vouch Digital creates digital vouchers changing the way government and aid organisation cash transfers are distributed |url=https://www.cartierwomensinitiative.com/fellow/evelyn-namara |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=www.cartierwomensinitiative.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11"/> Vouch Digital egaba eby’okugonjoola eby’okuddukanya bbaluwa eri ebibiina by’obwannakyewa, bizinensi z’amakampuni, ne gavumenti, okwanguyiza okutuusa eddembe lya digito mu nsi yonna, eriyinza okununulibwa ku basuubuzi abakkirizibwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Kigambibwa nti omwaka 2020 we gwatuukira, Namara ne ttiimu ye baali baweerezza abaganyulwa abasoba mu 250,000 era nga bakola nabo obuwumbi bwa ddoola obusoba mu busatu mu kitundu ky’e Karamoja.<ref name=":0"/> == Engule n’okusiimibwa == * Yafuna engule ya Anita Borg ABIE Change Agent mu Gwekumi 2012.<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":8"/><ref name=":10"/> * Yalondebwa ku bwa Acumen Fund Fellow mu 2013.<ref name=":1"/> * Yafunye engule ya Overall Entrepreneur Award mu by’obulimi mu lukiiko lwa Women In Africa Club Summit mu kibuga Marrakesh ekya Morocco.<ref name=":3"/> * Yaweebwa engule ya ICT For Development mu mpaka za Uganda Communications Commission ACIA Awards mu Gwokutaano 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Namara's e- voucher system simplifies digital payments |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/namara-e-voucher-system-simplifies-digital-payments-3209112 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> * Yasiimibwa ng'omukyala omuyiiya w'omumaka mu mpaka za MTN Innovation Awards mu 2017 ne 2018.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> * Yatuuka ku fayinolo mu mpaka za Cartier Women's Initiative Awards mu 2018.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":5"/> * Nekitiibwa kyonna, Abantu ekikumi abaasinga okuva mu Most Influential People of African Descent (MIPAD) Wansi wa 40, mu kibiina ky'emirimu n'ebyobusuubuzi ekya 2018, ekyasiimibwa ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref name=":7" /> * Yatuuka ku kifo ekyokusatu mu mpaka za Africa Women Innovation and Entrepreneurship Forum Awards mu 2019.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> == Laba ne == * [[Anne Juuko (Munnabyanfuna)|Anne Juuko]] * [[Sarah Arapta|Sarah Arapta, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] * [[Patricia Ojangole|Omuyimbi Patricia Ojangole]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abayivu abakyala]] rzgyu5yh8e8uskp1m4sscf85pk9pgde Margaret Baagala 0 12832 78180 74865 2026-11-08T01:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margaret Baagala''' (yazaalibwa 9 Ogwokutaano 2002) [[Munnayuganda]] mubasi wa mupiira ow'ekikugu era azannyira kiraabu ya NIC Netball mu Uganda Netball Premier League ne [[Ttiimu ya Uganda eyokubaka|ttiimu ya Uganda national netball]], emanyiddwa nga She Cranes, gy'azannyira wakati (center). Era muzannyi wa basketball mu kiraabu ya Basketball ow'abakazi eya Kampala City Council Authority mu liigi y’eggwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2025-02-09 |title=Uganda She Cranes outsmarts Malawi to settle with bronze at 2025 Vitality Netball Series |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/02/09/uganda-she-cranes-outsmarts-malawi-to-settle-with-bronze-at-2025-vitality-netball-series/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=league |url=https://fuba.basketball/league/nbl-women |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614084500/http://fuba.basketball/league/nbl-women |archive-date=2025-06-14 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=fuba.basketball |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakanwagi |first=Mirembe |date=2024-10-18 |title=Netball Journey: She Cranes & NIC midcourt star Margret Baagala |url=https://nnalubaalesports.com/netball-journey-she-cranes-and-nic-midcourt-star-margret-baagala/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318131040/https://nnalubaalesports.com/netball-journey-she-cranes-and-nic-midcourt-star-margret-baagala/ |archive-date=2025-03-18 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Nnalubaale Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera ku ssomero lya Kakungulu Memorial School wakati wa 2014 ne 2015, oluvannyuma ne yeegatta ku ssomero lya St. Mary's Boarding Secondary School, gye yakiikirira amasomero gano mu mpaka z’amasomero ez’eggwanga (National School Championships) sako n'ezo ez’ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika (East Africa Championships) wakati wa 2016 ne 2019.<ref name="Muyita">{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=2019-08-24 |title=FEASSA Games: St. Mary's Kitende win a record 16th netball title |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/08/24/feassa-games-st-marys-kitende-win-a-record-16th-netball-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117125809/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/24/feassa-games-st-marys-kitende-win-a-record-16th-netball-title/ |archive-date=2021-01-17 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> === NIC === Mu 2021, Margaret yeegatta ku kiraabu ya NIC Netball Club. Yawangula ekikopo kya liigi kimu ne kiraabu eno mu 2021, n’asunsulwa ng’omu ku bazannyi abasinga obulungi mu sizoni eno. Yawangula ekikopo kya East Africa Netball mu 2022,2023,2024, ne mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiai |first=Faith |date=2025-05-21 |title=NIC clinch 23rd East Africa Netball title |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/nic-clinch-23rd-east-africa-netball-title-NV_211225 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> === Kampala University === Mu Mutunda wa 2021, Margaret yeegatta ku [[Kampala University]] ku dipuloma ya Mass Communication era yatikkirwa mu 2023. Yawangula emizannyo gya East African University Games ku Yunivasite eno mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=AUUS Inter University Games 2023: KU, UCU off to Netball Semis as UMU Bags Gold Medal {{!}} Voice of Bugerere |url=https://voiceofbugerere.com/auus-inter-university-games-2023-ku-ucu-off-to-netball-semis-as-umu-bags-gold-medal/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Margaret yasooka kuzannya mu ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball mu mpaka [[2021 Africa Netball Cup|za Africa Netball Cup eza 2021]]. Yakiikirira Uganda mu [[Netball at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Netball mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth egyali mu Bungereza mu 2022]] era yazannya emipiira etaano. Era yazannyira Uganda mu mpaka za Netball Test Series mu 2022 era yali mu ttiimu ya Uganda eyazannya [[2022 Fast5 Netball World Series|Fast5 Netball World Series eya 2022]] e New Zealand. Margaret yazannyira Uganda emipiira musanvu mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza [[2023 Netball World Cup|Netball World Cup eza 2023]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2023-06-23 |title=Netball World Cup 2023: She Cranes final squad revealed |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/06/23/netball-world-cup-2023-she-cranes-final-squad-revealed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801003202/https://kawowo.com/2023/06/23/netball-world-cup-2023-she-cranes-final-squad-revealed/ |archive-date=2023-08-01 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuzannyi wa Center asinga mu Uganda Netball Premier League : 2021 * Omuzannyi asinga mumwezi gwa Ntenvu: 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-07 |title=Fortebet Real Stars Monthly Awards: Baagala Margaret a December Shining Star {{!}} Voice of Bugerere |url=https://voiceofbugerere.com/fortebet-real-stars-monthly-awards-baagala-margaret-a-december-shining-star/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebituukiddwako == * Nnantameggwa wa USSSA Ball Games II n'essomero lya St Mary's Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitende begins Ball Games II defense in style |url=http://newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/news/1429490/kitende-begins-ball-games-ii-defense-style |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> * Nnantameggwa w’emizannyo gya FEASSSA ng’ali ne St Mary’s Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2016 * Nnantameggwa wa USSSA Ball Games II n'essomero lya St Mary's Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2017<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2017-08-28 |title=Delight as FEASSA Netball and Football Champions Kitende return |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/08/28/delight-feassa-netball-football-champions-kitende-return/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> * Nnantameggwa w'emizannyo gya FEASSSA ng'ali ne St Mary's Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2017<ref>{{Cite web |last=Najib |first=Mulema |date=2017-08-28 |title=St. Mary's Kitende receives Hero's welcome after emerging winner in the East Africa Secondary School games |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20170828/25479/st-marys-kitende-receives-heros-welcome-after-emerging-winner-in-the-east-africa-secondary-school-games.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010233142/https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20170828/25479/st-marys-kitende-receives-heros-welcome-after-emerging-winner-in-the-east-africa-secondary-school-games.html |archive-date=2024-10-10 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Nnantameggwa wa USSSA Ball Games II n’essomero lya St Mary’s Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2018 * Nnantameggwa wa USSSA Ball Games II n'essomero lya St Mary's Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2019 * Nnantameggwa w'emizannyo gya FEASSSA ne St Mary's Boarding Secondary School, Kitende: 2019<ref name="Muyita"/> * Nnantameggwa wa Uganda Netball Premier League : 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=Author |date=2022-03-26 |title=Making History: NIC keeps an 'A' class League unbeaten, delivering the 2022 Silverware Home |url=https://theinvestigatornews.com/2022/03/making-history-nic-keeps-an-a-class-league-unbeaten-delivering-the-2022-silverware-home/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=The Investigator News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Nnantameggwa w'emizannyo gya yunivasite ya East Africa ne Kampala University : 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-12-22 |title=Uganda dominates 2022 East Africa University Games as hosts Ndejje scoop overall title |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/12/22/uganda-dominates-2022-east-africa-university-games-as-hosts-ndejje-scoop-overall-title/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'empaka za East Africa Netball Championship ne NIC Netball Club: 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-22 |title=Netball: NIC just too good for the rest of East Africa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/netball-nic-just-too-good-for-the-rest-of-east-africa-3824164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819141217/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/netball-nic-just-too-good-for-the-rest-of-east-africa-3824164 |archive-date=2022-08-19 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'empaka za East Africa Netball Championship ne NIC Netball Club: 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2023-05-21 |title=NIC retains East Africa Netball Championship crown |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/other-sports/story/nic-retains-east-africa-netball-championship-crown-2023052112524258748 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521163947/https://www.pulsesports.ug/other-sports/story/nic-retains-east-africa-netball-championship-crown-2023052112524258748 |archive-date=2023-05-21 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'empaka za East Africa Netball Championship ne NIC Netball Club: 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nankya |first=Priscilla |date=2024-05-18 |title=NIC Netball Club Triumphs at East Africa Netball Club Championships |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/05/18/nic-netball-club-triumphs-at-east-africa-netball-club-championships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623214458/https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/05/18/nic-netball-club-triumphs-at-east-africa-netball-club-championships/ |archive-date=2025-06-23 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US}}</ref> * Omuwanguzi w'empaka za East Africa Netball Championship ne NIC Netball Club: 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kule |first=Edwin Kyle |date=2025-05-21 |title=NIC edge KCCA to lift East Africa Netball title |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/05/21/nic-edge-kcca-to-lift-east-africa-netball-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724204600/https://kawowo.com/2025/05/21/nic-edge-kcca-to-lift-east-africa-netball-title/ |archive-date=2025-07-24 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Labe ne == * [[Jesca Achan]] * [[Lilian Ajio]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Abazannyi b'omupiira gw'okubaka abakyala Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] lbqfgfi14djfvgdcu3s2kzzzdrn3esw Sam Otada 0 12885 78194 75596 2026-11-08T01:49:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Owor Amooti Otada''' (yazaalibwa nga 27 gwakumi 1976), amanyiddwa ennyo nga '''Sam Otada''', [[:en:Uganda|mu nnayuganda]], musuubuzi, munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi eyabiwumula. Ye ssentebe era [[:en:Chief_Executive_Officer|akulira]] ekibiina kya Otada Group of Companies, [[:en:Conglomerate_(business)|ekitongole kya]] bizinensi eya famire nga kirimu Otada construction, Otada Foundation, Otada Holdings ne Otada Transport. <ref>{{Cite news |title=How Sam Otada inherited, grew family business |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Prosper/How-Sam-Otada-inherited-and-grew-family-business/-/688616/1995124/-/item/0/-/2tlryez/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428153126/https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Prosper/How-Sam-Otada-inherited-and-grew-family-business/-/688616/1995124/-/item/0/-/2tlryez/-/index.html |archive-date=2019-04-28 |access-date=2026-09-26 |work=Daily Monitor |language=en-UK |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti y’omu ku bantu abasinga obugagga mu Uganda. <ref><nowiki>http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=637734&CatID=419</nowiki></ref> Otada yaliko [[:en:Member_of_Parliament|omukiise mu Palamenti]] nga akikirira Kibanda County, [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|mu Disitulikiti y'e Kiryandongo]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2001 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=2011 |title=Profile of Otada Samuel Owor Amooti |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=236.000000&const=Kibanda++County&dist_id=105.000000&distname=Kiryadongo |access-date=29 November 2014 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> okutuuka mu mwaka gwa 2016. == Okusoma == Otada yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y’e Masindi, [[:en:Western_Region,_Uganda|mu bugwanjuba]] bwa Uganda, nga 27 October 1976. Yasomera ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]], yunivasite ya gavumenti nga yesinga obukulu n'obunene mu Uganda , n’atikkirwa mu mwaka gwa 1999, n’afuna diguli [[:en:Bachelor_of_Commerce|ya Bachelor of Commerce]] . Yakomawo ku Makerere mu mwaka gwa 2014 okusoma [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli eyookubiri mu mateeka]] n’atikkirwa n'ekitiibwa mu January wa 2019. Yamaliriza omusomo gwe mu mateeka ku Law Development Center mu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-03 |title=How Sam Otada inherited and grew the family business |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/how-sam-otada-inherited-and-grew-the-family-business-1553124 |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omulimu gwa bizinensi == Taata wa Otada, musuubuzi, yafa mu mwaka gwa 1999 amangu ddala nga mutabani we omuto yakamaliriza okusoma diguli ye e Makerere. Omuvubuka ono, ku myaka 22 gyoka yasikira kkampuni ya kitaawe, mu kiseera ekyo eyali eddukanya bbaasi ng’erina bbaasi kumpi nga 30. Mu bukulembeze bwe, kkampuni ya bbaasi eno ekulakulanye n’ezaala bizinensi nnya endala ez’enjawulo nga zikola ku by’entambula, yinginiya w’okuzimba, okuzimba, okuddukanya kasasiro, ne mobile telephone airtime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-03 |title=How Sam Otada inherited and grew the family business |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/how-sam-otada-inherited-and-grew-the-family-business-1553124 |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Otada yalondebwa okubeera [[:en:Member_of_Parliament|omubaka mu Palamenti]] owa Kibanda County, [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|mu Disitulikiti y'e Kiryandongo]] mu mwaka gwa 2001. <ref name=":0"/> Ekifo kino yakibeerako mu mwaka gwa 2006 ne 2011. Ku kalulu ka bonna aka 2016, ekitundu kino kyayawulwamu ebitundu bibiri, nga Otada yeesimbyewo ku kifo ekipya ekya Kibanda County North ku tikiti eyeetongodde. [[:en:Taban_Idi_Amin_Tampo|Yawangulwa Taban Idi Amin]], <ref name=":1" /> kyokka n’awakanya ebyavaamu ng’ayita mu kkooti. == Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi == Mu Palamenti ey’omwenda (2011–16), Otada yaweereza ng’Omukulembeze w’abajira ku bwa namunigina mu palamenti ya Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakatudde |first=Olive |date=30 September 2014 |title=Parliament Approves Premier Rugunda |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=67472 |access-date=29 November 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network (URN)}}</ref> Yatuula ku [[:en:Parliamentary_committees|bukiiko bwa palamenti]] buno wamanga: * Akakiiko ka equal opportunities * Akakiiko k’ebyamateeka ne Palamenti == Laba ne == * [[Kiryandongo|Kiryandongo disitulikiti]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaakiika mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] kn0l8zfh1n2rtfq0pohzy0zu5c9gp8d St. Mary's College Kisubi 0 12938 78196 72828 2026-11-08T01:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''St. Mary's College Kisubi''' (SMACK) ssomero lya bwannannyini, ery'ekisulo, erya siniya esooka okutuuka ku yoomukaaga nga lisangibwa mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu makati ga Uganda. Yatandikibwawo mu 1906. == Ekifo == [[File:Here_now.jpg|thumb|Essomero lya SMACK]] Essomero lino liri [[Kisubi]] ku mabbali [[Kampala–Entebbe Road|g’oluguudo lwa Kampala–Entebbe]], nga liri kilomita 24(15&nbsp;mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Kampala, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Kisubi With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kisubi%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJI4tGXFSFfRcRCiLu0jp6Hls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205739/http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala,%20Central%20Region,%20Uganda&toplace=Kisubi,%20Central%20Region,%20Uganda,&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJI4tGXFSFfRcRCiLu0jp6Hls |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=26 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Zino ziri nga kilomita 14 (8.7&nbsp;mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Entebbe International Airport]], ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ekikulu eky’abantu baabulijjo n’amagye mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interactive Map Showing Entebbe And Kisubi With Route Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Entebbe%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kisubi%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJswrCU7eGfRcRFCzMdcNQpaQ&dt2=ChIJI4tGXFSFfRcRCiLu0jp6Hls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204831/http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Entebbe%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kisubi%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJswrCU7eGfRcRFCzMdcNQpaQ&dt2=ChIJI4tGXFSFfRcRCiLu0jp6Hls |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=26 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Enkokola z'essomero lino ziri 0°07'17.0"N, 32°32'00.0"E (Latitude:0.121389; Longitude:32.533333). == Ebyafaayo == Essomero lya St. Mary lyatandikibwawo Reverend Raux Modeste ow’ekibiina kya White Fathers Congregation mu 1906 era lyatuumibwa erinnya ly’omuyambi waalyo, Saint Mary. Olwaleero Obusumba bw’Abakatuliki mu Kampala bwe bunnannyini St. Mary’s College Kisubi (SMACK). Ku ntandikwa ya 1899, abaami b’Abakatoliki mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]], nga bakulemberwa Omwami Stanislas Mugwanya, baaleeta ekibuuzo ky’okusomesa abavubuka Abakatoliki mu bwakabaka ku nsoma ya Siniya. Okusaba kwabwe kwateekebwa kwebyo eb'okutunulwamu olukiiko lwa August olwa [[White Fathers]] ' General Chapter e [[Algiers]] mu 1900. Mu kaweefube oyo, SMACK yatandikibwawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kituuka Kiwanuka |first=William |date=15 April 2013 |title=Kituuka's Works on a History of St. Mary's College Kisubi (1906–2006) |url=http://hecarethforyou.blogspot.com/2013/04/kituukas-works-on-history-of-st-marys.html |access-date=26 January 2015 |publisher=HeCarethForYou.BlogSpot.Com}}</ref> == Ekitiibwa == Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafuluma mu 2018, St.Mary's College Kisubi ly'erimu ku ssomero ery'ekitiibwa mu Uganda olw'ebyenjigiriza ebiri ku mutindo ogwawaggulu saako okuteekateeka abayizi baabwe. Essomero lino liwa ebyenjigiriza ebikubiriza okulowooza okwetongodde n’okukulaakulana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAI |year=2013 |title=Top 10 Secondary Schools in Uganda: 2012 |url=http://serveafrica.info/uganda/top-5-secondary-schools |access-date=26 January 2015 |publisher=ServeAfrica.Info (SAI)}}</ref> St. Mary’s yatandika ng’erina ebizimbe nga 10 byokka. Ekisinga obukadde ku byo kyali kisulo kya myaliiro ebiri eky’abayizi ba Siniya esooka n'eyookubiri oluvannyuma kye basuula ne bazzaawo Chemistry Laboratory eriwo kati. Block y’okuddukanya emirimu yasigala nga tekyuse okuva emabega na kati. Nga eyimiridde wakati mu ttendekero lino, ekola nga bbulooka esinga okubeera wakati ku ssomero. == Ebisulo == Mu byafaayo byayo byonna, St. Mary's College Kisubi ekuumye ebisulo bina. Ekisulo ekyokutaano ki Centenary HSC, kirimu abayizi ba A’Level. # Lourdel House - eyatuumibwa erinnya lya Fr. Simon ''Mapeera'' Lourdel, Omuminsani wa Roman Catholic eyasooka mu Uganda # Mugwanya House - yatuumibwa erinnya lya Stanislaus Mugwanya, eyali Omulamuzi (Ssaabalamuzi) wa Buganda era nga ye mukulembeze w’Abakatoliki eyali ayambako Kabaka Daudi Chwa II # Kakooza House - yatuumibwa erinnya ly’omukulembeze w'abayizi Omunnayuganda/Omufirika eyasooka. # Kiwanuka House - yatuumibwa erinnya lya [[Joseph Kiwanuka|Ssaabalabirizi Joseph Kiwanuka]], [[Afirika|Omufirika]] enzaalwa eyasooka okulondebwa okuba [[Archbishop|Ssaabalabirizi w’ekelezia]] ya [[Roman Catholic Church]] mu [[East Africa|Buvanjuba Bw'afirika]] == Yunifoomu == Abayizi ba SMACK okuva mu 1906 okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960 baayambalanga empale ennyimpi n’essaati enjeru nga yunifoomu yaabwe. Abaasobola okwetuusaako engatto baazambalanga ate abalala ne basigala mu bigere. Olw’emyaka emingi egy’okukulaakulana, yunifoomu n'akabonero bigenze bikyukakyuka mu ndabika. Abayizi olwaleero bambala essaati enjeru ng’eriko ettaayi ya bbululu nga bano ba O'level, ettaayi eriko emisono eri abayizi ba A'level n’empale enzirugavu. Blazers zaafuuka za tteeka eri abayizi bonna abali ku ddaala erya waggulu [[Lord Snowdon]], mu 1964, yaggulawo etterekero ly’ebitabo ery’ekijjukizo erya SMACK, oluvannyuma lw’okufa kw’abayizi 12 mu kabenje k’emmotoka. Abamu ku bayizi bano baali ku ttiimu y’omupiira ey’essomero eyali egenze okwetaba mu mpaka mwe baavaayo nga bawanguzi. Bwe baali bakomawo okuva mu mupiira nga bajaganya, amagye ga [[Milton Obote]] gaabateebereza okuba abayeekera era loole y'essomero eyali ne bbaasi y'essomero eyali yetisse abayizi, yatomerwa loole y'amagye n'egwa wansi. Ng’oggyeeko abantu 12 abaafa, omuwendo omunene ennyo gwalumizibwa ku lunaku olwo. Leero, emiti ekkumi n’ebiri egyasimbibwa nagyo okujjukira abayizi bano gikyayimiridde waggulu okumpi ddala ne block ya Siniya eyoomukaaga. Essomero lino erigenda likula buli kiseera, ng'ovudde ku kulaakulana yaayo ey’ebizimbe, lyatongoza emizannyo egiwerako nga ensero, omupiira gw'ebigere, okuwuga ne hockey. Ekizimbe kya St. Mary ekisinga obuto kitudde waggulu ku kasozi Kisubi ng’ekisinga obuwanvu n’okutuusa kati. Ekizimbe ekipya eky’emyaliiro esatu, nga kibalirirwamu obuwumbi Shs.2.9, ekola nga bbulooko empya eya HSC, ng’edda mu kifo kya bbulooko enkadde eya S5 ey’omwaliiro gumu eyayimirira nga yeegolodde okuva lwe yatongoza ensoma ku ddaala ya A'level mu SMACK mu biseera ebiyise. == Abayizi abasomeddeyo == Ekibiina ekigatta abayizi abasomerayo ekya SMACK Old Boys’ Association (SMACKOBA), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1918, kibadde kyenyigira mu kuddukanya essomero lino mu ngeri emu oba endala okuva lwe lyatandikibwawo mu kitundu ekisembayo eky’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Nga bayitiddwa mu myaka gy'e 60, Old Boys yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ku c ya circular profile, naye olw’omuwendo, enteekateeka eriwo kati yakwatibwa ng’eraga empungu omuzira ng’ebuuka. Abayizi abamanyiddwa ennyo mu St. Mary’s College Kisubi (Old Smackists) kuliko abamyuka ba Pulezidenti ba Uganda basatu, ba Ssaabaminisita ba Buganda bana, ba Ssaabawolereza ba Gavumenti babiri, Sipiika wa Palamenti, baminisita ba kabineti, abalamuzi, bannamateeka, abasuubuzi, abayiiya ab’ettutumu n’abasomesa ab’ebitiibwa. === Bannabyabufuzi === * [[Ow'ekitiibwa Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi|Edward Ssekandi]] – eyali omumyuka wa pulezidenti wa Uganda, 2011-2021, era eyali [[Speaker of Parliament|Sipiika wa Palamenti]], 2001-2011 * [[Gilbert Bukenya]] – eyali omumyuka wa pulezidenti wa Uganda, 2003 – 2011 * [[John Babiiha]] – eyali omumyuka wa pulezidenti wa Uganda, 1966-1971 * [[Paul Ssemogerere (munnabyabufuzi)|Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere]] – eyali omubaka wa palamenti eyakiikirira North Mengo, 1962–1966; Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya Democratic Party 1972–1986 ne 2001–2005; eyavuganya ku bwapulezidenti mu 1986 ne 1996 * [[Henry Kajura]] – Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita owokubiri era Minisita w’abakozi ba gavumenti, okuva mu 2006 * [[Matia Kasaija]] – [[Minister of finance|Minisita w’ebyensimbi]] mu Uganda mu kiseera kino * [[Hilary Onek]] – [[Minisitule y'ebiggwa bitalaze n'ababundabunda mu Uganda|Minisita w’obuyambi, okwetegekera obutyabaga n’ababundabunda]] mu kiseera kino ; akiikirira Lamwo County mu Palamenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2011 * Omara Atubo – eyali Minisita w’ettaka, amayumba n’enkulaakulana y’ebibuga, 2006–2011; eyali omubaka wa palamenti mu Otuke County, 1987–2016 * Gerald Karuhanga – omubaka wa palamenti akiikirira munisipaali y’e Ntungamo, 2016–2031 * Vincent Kaheeru - omubaka wa palamenti wa Kyaka North mu kiseera kino * Solomon Osiya - mu kiseera kino omubaka wa palamenti mu Toroma County * Charles Ayume - omubaka wa palamenti mu Munisipaali y'e Koboko mu kiseera kino * Gerald Kasigwa - omubaka wa palamenti mu ssaza ly'e Kigorobwa mu kiseera kino * Shyaka Bashaija - omubaka wa palamenti mu Munisipaali y'e Entebbe mu kiseera kino * Otto Makmot - mu kiseera kino omubaka wa palamenti mu Agago County * Hassan Fungaroo - mu kiseera kino omubaka wa palamenti mu Obongi County * Michael Mabikke – eyali omubaka wa palamenti Makindye East, era eyali pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya Social Democratic Party * Baguma Isoke - eyali ssentebe w'akakiiko ka Uganda Land Commission, 2013-2019 * Andrew Ojok Oulanyah - omubaka wa palamenti akiikirira Omoro County, 2022 - 2031<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Omoro County MP Andrew Oulanyah Ojok takes Oath |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/5953/new-omoro-county-mp-andrew-oulanyah-ojok-takes-oath |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Ugandan Parliament |publisher=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> * Boniface Okot - Omubaka wa Palamenti y'abavubuka mu kitundu ky'obukiikakkono, 2021 - 2026 === Obwakabaka bwa Buganda === * [[Charles Peter Mayiga]] – Katikkiro (Ssaabaminisita) w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], May 2013–na kati * JB Walusimbi – Eyali Katikkiro (Ssaabaminisita) w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], 2008-2013 * Emmanuel Lujumwa Ssendaula - eyali akola nga Katikkiro (Ssaabaminisita) w'Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], 2007-2008 * Joseph Mulwanyamuli Ssemwogerere - Eyali Katikkiro (Ssaabaminisita) w'Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], 1994-2005 * Omulangira [[Kassim Nakibinge]], kabaka w'Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], akulira [[Cairo International Bank]], era "titular head" w'Abasiraamu mu Uganda * Omulangira Robert Masamba Kimera, mukulu wa Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi * Owek. Matayo Mugwanya, Ssaabalamuzi w’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda 1950-1955 * Owek. Rauli Kiwanuka, Mulamuzi ow’Obwakabaka bwa Buganda 1935-1945 era nga ye yali omujaasi wa WWI mu ggye lya African Native Medical Corps === Amateeka n’ekitongole ekiramuzi === * Francis M. Ssekandi, 1975-1981, Omulamuzi Kkooti Enkulu, Omulamuzi wa kkooti ejulirwamu. * [[Joseph Mulenga]] - eyali [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda]], 1986-1988, Omulamuzi wa kkooti ensukkulumu, 1996-2008. * [[William Byaruhanga]] – eyali [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda]], 2016-2021 * Remmy Kasule - omulamuzi eyakola nga Omulamuzi wa [[Court of Appeal of Uganda|kkooti ejulirwamu mu Uganda]] * Omulamuzi Oscar John Kihika, omulamuzi wa kkooti ejulirwamu. * John Mike Musisi - Omulamuzi wa kkooti ejulirwamu mu Uganda * Mike Elubu omulamuzi wa kkooti enkulu mu Uganda. * Phillip Mwaka- Omulamuzi wa kkooti enkulu mu Uganda. * Karoli Lwanga Ssemogerere - Akola nga omulamuzi wa kkooti enkulu mu Uganda * [[Isaac Ssemakadde]] - Kati ye Pulezidenti wa [[Uganda Law Society]], omutandisi & CEO wa Legal Brains Trust === Eby’ensoma === * [[Charles Olweny]], Chancellor wa [[Ssetendekero y’e Mbarara|Yunivasite y'e Mbarara]] * Dr. Alex Countinho, akulira ekitongole kya Partners in Health Uganda * [[Paul D'Arbela]], Pulofeesa w'obusawo era Dean w'okusoma diguli eyookubiri mu [[Uganda Martyrs University]] * [[Patrick Edrin Kyamanywa]], Omumyuka wa Chancellor wa [[Uganda Martyrs University]] * [[James Gita Hakim]], pulofeesa w’obusawo, omusawo w’omutima era omukugu mu kukebera akawuka ka siriimu * [[Micheal B. Nsimbi|Michael B. Nsimbi]] PhD, omukugu mu lulimi Oluganda era nga muwandiisi wa byafaayo * [[Francis Omaswa]], Omukugu mu kulongoosa omutima n’ekifuba. Pulofeesa w’obusawo n’okulongoosa * Gabriel Kariisa, PhD, Omukugu mu by’enfuna, eyali akulira ensi yonna ku mutendera ogw’oku ntikko, AfDB * [[John Ddumba Ssentamu]], munnabyanfuna, eyali omumyuka wa Cansala [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi [[Centenary Group|olwa Centenary Group]] === Ebyemizannyo === * [[William Frederick Blick, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo|William Blick]], Kati Ssentebe w’akakiiko ka [[Uganda Olympic Committee]], era eyali pulezidenti wa [[Uganda Rugby Union]], 2006-2013 * [[Ivan Magomu]], eyali kapiteeni wa ttiimu ya [./Uganda_national_rugby_union_teamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Rugby_Union Uganda National 15's Rugby Team] === Abawandiisi === * [[Okello Oculi]], omuwandiisi w’ebitabo, omutontomi era omuwandiisi w’ebyafaayo by’obulamu bw’ekyalo mu Afrika * [[Eneriko Seruma]], omuwandiisi era omuwandiisi w’emizannyo * [[Robert Serumaga]], omuwandiisi w’emizannyo === Abayiiya === * [[Roke Telkom (Uganda)|James Byaruhanga]], yoomu ku baatandikawo kkampuni ya [[Roke Telkom (Uganda)|Roke Telkom]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=James Byaruhanga: The Steward of Uganda's Date |url=https://innovateuganda.com/james-byaruhanga-the-steward-of-ugandas-data/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324123721/https://innovateuganda.com/james-byaruhanga-the-steward-of-ugandas-data/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=24 March 2024 |website=Innovate Uganda}}</ref> * Professor [[Patrick Ogwang|Patrick Engeu Ogwang]], omuyiiya w’eddagala lya Covidex, eddagala ly’omuddo eryategeezebwa [[National Drug Authority|ekitongole ky’eddagala mu ggwanga]] olw’obujjanjabi obuyamba mu kuddukanya obulwadde bw’akawuka. * Davis Musinguzi - Omutandisi era eyali akulira kkampuni ya Rocket Health Africa * Michael Okea - Omutandisi wa SynbioEco okutumbula omutindo gw’amazzi biosensors ku carcinogenic poly aromatic hydrocarbons === Amajje === * [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], mutabani wa Pulezidenti era [[Chief of Defence Forces (Uganda)|akulira amagye]] * [[Kale Kayihura]], munnamajje wa [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] eyawummula, eyali omuduumizi wa Poliisi 2005–2018<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odongo |first=Constantine |date=14 September 2010 |title=St. Mary's Kisubi Honours Kale Kayihura |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/731974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316063730/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/731974 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> === Abavuzi b’ennyonyi === * Captain [[Robert Wakheya|Robert Wakhweya]], Omugoba w'ennyonyi eya [[Uganda Airlines]] * Kapiteeni Patrick Mutayanjulwa, omuvuzi w’ennyonyi omukugu mu [[Uganda Airlines]] === Abasuubuzi / Abaddukanya emirimu === * [[Francis Kitaka]] – omutandisi era Ssentebe wa [[QCIL|kkampuni ya Quality Industries Limited]] * [[Frederick Kitaka]] – akulira ebyensimbi mu [[QCIL|Quality Chemical Industries Limited]], mu kiseera kino kkampuni yokka mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ekola eddagala eriweweeza ku kawuka ka siriimu ery’emirundi esatu * [[Charles Mbire]] – omutandisi, omusuubuzi era munnamakolero; kigambibwa nti ye Munnayuganda enzaalwa asinga obugagga; alina emigabo era Ssentebe wa kkampuni ya [[MTN Uganda|MTN]] Communications Company * [[Vodacom Tanzania|Philip Besiimire]] - Maneja Dayirekita wa [./Vodacom_Tanzaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodacom_Tanzania Vodacom Tanzania] okuva mu October 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Besiimire |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/23470342 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> * Joseph Yiga - Omutandisi wa kkampuni ya Steel and Tube Industries Ltd * [[Louis Kasekende]] - Omukugu mu by'enfuna, eyali omumyuka wa Gavana [[Bank of Uganda]] * [[Julius Kakeeto]] - akulira bbanka ya [[PostBank Uganda]], era ssentebe w'ekibiina ekigatta abasuubuzi ba bbanka ekya Uganda Banker's Association * Claver Serumaga - akulira [[NCBA Bank Tanzania|bbanka ya NCBA Tanzania]] * [[Simon Kagugube]] - eyali ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi mu kitongole ky’omusolo ekya [[Uganda Revenue Authority]], 2016-2020, eyali Executive Director wa [[Centenary Bank]], 2003-2020 * [[Charlie Lubega]] - Nnannyini Club Guvnor == Laba ne == * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] * [[St. Joseph's College, Ombaci|Ettendekero lya St. Joseph, Ombaci]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=0.1225,+32.5340&aq=&sll=0.122255,32.533307&sspn=0.003326,0.011694&ie=UTF8&ll=0.134239,32.522449&spn=0.053215,0.187111&z=13 SMACK wesangibwa ku Google Maps] == Ebiwandiiko ebirala by'osobola okusomako == Kituuka, William Kiwanuka, ''Ebyafaayo by’essomero lya'' [https://www.makula.mak.ac.ug:8080/lib/item?id=chamo:191949&theme=maklib1 St.Mary's College] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 9mvooa3c5axm7wx8n3m25nxw00xozs7 Olusozi Kasubi 0 13029 78189 71625 2026-11-08T01:41:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasubi kasozi akali mu Kampala,ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Uganda''' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Kasubi: Things to Do, Visit & Stay Guide {{!}} Kampala City Guide |url=https://www.kampalacityguide.com/kampala-city/lubaga/kasubi.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ekifo == Kasubi eri ku nsalo ya Kawaala ku bukiikakkono, Makerere ku buvanjuba, Naakulabye ku buvanjuba, Lusaze ku bugwanjuba-ddyo, Lubya ku bugwanjuba, ne Namungoona mu bugwanjuba-bukiikakkono. Olusozi luno 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu kya Kampala eky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati. Ensengeka za Kasubi ziri 0°19'52.0"N, 32°33'20.0"E obugazi bw’ekifo ku nsi(Latitude:0.331115) buwanvu bw’ekifo ku nsi(Longitude:32.55555632). <ref>{{cite web |last= |title=Location of Kasubi At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'52.0%22N+32%C2%B033'20.0%22E/@0.3306243,32.5522499,16z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=16 June 2014 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Nga 1856 tannatuuka, akasozi Kasubi kali kamanyiddwa nga Nabulagala. Nga wayiseewo ekiseera oluvannyuma lw'olunaku olwo, Muteesa I owa Buganda, oluvannyuma lw'okufunamu obuzibu ku Kusozi Banda, gye yali azimbye olubiri lwe olwasooka, yasengukira e Nabulagala. Olusozi luno yalukyusa erinnya Kasubi, n’alutuuma ekyalo kya bajjajjaawe ekya nnyina, mu Ssaza lye Kyaggwe , leero ekimanyiddwa nga [[Mukono (disitulikit)|Mukono Disitulikiti]] . <ref>{{cite web |last=UTG |title=Profile of Banda Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/banda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321120245/http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/banda.html |archive-date=21 March 2013 |access-date=16 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}</ref> Leero, abakulembeze b’ennono mu Buganda ekifo kino bakiyita Kasubi oba Nabulagala oba Kasubi-Nabulagala. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Kasubi: Things to Do, Visit & Stay Guide {{!}} Kampala City Guide |url=https://www.kampalacityguide.com/kampala-city/lubaga/kasubi.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okufa mu 1884, Kabaka Muteesa eyasoka yaziikibwa e Kasubi, era nga ye Kabaka eyasooka okuziikibwayo. Okuva olwo, Kasubi yafuuka ekifo ekitongole ekiziikibwamu Ba[[Buganda|kabaka ba Buganda]] . [[Kasubi Tombs|Amasilo g'Obwakabaka e Kasubi]] gamanyiddwa ng'ekifo eky'omugaso mu nsi yonna era galina amakulu ga waggulu nnyo mu buwangwa [[Baganda|bw'Abaganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1022/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> == Okwanjula mu bufunze == Olusozi Kasubi kifo kya buwangwa bwa bwakabaka mu’bwakabaka bwa Buganda, emu ku bwakabaka obw’ennono obuli mu mateeka mu Uganda mu kyasa kya 21. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kasubi Royal Tombs |url=http://www.visituganda.com/destinations/central/?destination=Kasubi%20Royal%20Tombs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630054335/http://visituganda.com/destinations/central/?destination=Kasubi%20Royal%20Tombs |archive-date=30 June 2014 |access-date=16 June 2014 |publisher=VisitUganda.com}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ekifo ekisinga okumanyika ku lusozi Kasubi ye Kasubi Royal Tombs, ekifo ekitongole ekyaziikibwamu Bassekabaka ba Buganda. Mu Gwomukaaga 2014, bakabaka ba Buganda bana ab'omuddiriŋŋanwa baaziikibwa e Kasubi.i: <ref>{{cite web |title=Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405041007/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1022 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |access-date=16 June 2014 |publisher=[[UNESCO|Unesco.org]]}}</ref> * Muteesa Eyasoka owa Buganda mu 1884. * [[Ssekabaka Mwanga II owa Buganda|Mwanga owokubili owa Buganda]], yafiira mu buwanganguse mu 1903, naddamu okuziikibwa e Kasubi mu 1910. * [[Ssekabaka Daudi Cwa II|Daudi Cwa owokubili owa Buganda]] mu 1939. * [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Muteesa owokubili owa Buganda]], yafiira mu buwanganguse mu 1969, naddamu okuziikibwa e Kasubi mu 1971. == Ebintu ebirala ebikulu == Ebirala ebinyuma mu kitundu kino mulimu: * Kasubi Medical Clinic, eddwaaliro ly’ebyobulamu eriddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya Hope Medical Clinics Uganda Limited, ekibiina ky’abazirakisa mu Uganda, ekyatandikibwawo [[:en:Non-governmental_organisations|ebitongole byobwannakyewa]] mu Amerika . <ref>{{cite web |last=Okiror |first=Ben |date=20 November 2009 |title=US Charities Open Clinic In Kasubi |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/701829 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231507/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/701829 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=16 June 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> * Ettabi lya kkampuni ya [[:en:Pride_Microfinance_Limited|Pride Microfinance Limited]] * Akatale ka Kasubi wakati * [[:en:Kampala–Hoima_Road|Oluguudo lwa Kampala–Hoima Road,]] luyita mu kitundu kino ku ludda olw’obukiikakkono-obugwanjuba olw’awamu. == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31782:-japan-adds-tafaali-on-kasubi-roofing Japan Eyongedde etafaali Ku Kasolya Ka Kasubi] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/653463-kasubi-tombs-will-be-complete-next-month-katikkiro.html Amasiro g'e Kasubi Gajja Kuggwa Omwezi ogujja - Katikkiro] ; Yafulumizibwa: 12 March 2014. Yafunibwa: 16 June 2014. [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Ebifo eby'obuwangwa]] 0ed4eetkeb0owvlbnymhhzmx6b27fh2 Kiddu Makubuya 0 13158 78175 74984 2026-11-08T01:05:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiddu Makubuya''' (30 Omwezi gwomusanvu 1949 – 19 August 2024) yali munna Uganda, munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi, era omuyivu. Yaliko minisita w’emirimu egy’ewamu mu ofiisi ya ssaabaminisita. ekyo yalondebwa ku kifo kino nga 27 Omwezi gwokutaano 2011, n’adda mu bigere bya [[Janat Mukwaya]] eyawummula ebyobufuzi eby’okulonda. <ref>{{cite web |last=Uganda State House |date=27 May 2011 |title=Comprehensive List of New Cabinet Appointments & Dropped Ministers |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments |accessdate=13 March 2015 |publisher=[[Facebook.com]]}}</ref> Nga tannatuuka ku kino, okuva mu mwaka gwa 2005 okutuuka mu 2011, yali Ssaabawaabi wa Gavumenti wa Uganda . <ref name="AG">{{cite web |last=Felix Osike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=13 January 2005 |title=Cabinet Shuffled |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/411869 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131338/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/411869 |archivedate=2 April 2015 |accessdate=13 March 2015 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Yalekulira mu kabineti nga 16 omwezi gwokubiri 2012 wakati mu bigambibwa nti yabulankanya ssente za gavumenti. <ref>{{cite web |last=Sheila Naturinda |first=and Yasiin Mugerwa |date=17 February 2012 |title=Makubuya, Bbumba Resign From Cabinet |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1329176/-/b0pd8uz/-/ |accessdate=13 March 2015 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> <ref name="Name">{{cite web |last=Kiggundu |first=Edris |date=17 February 2012 |title=Politics Tarnishes Makubuya's Image |url=http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=17212:politics-tarnishes-makubuya-image |accessdate=13 March 2015 |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}</ref> Era yali [[Parliament of Uganda|mmemba wa palaamenti]], ng'akiikirira Katikamu Ssaza ly'eBuukiika ddyo, [[Luweero (disitulikit)|mu Disitulikiti y'e Luweero]] . <ref name="Parliament">{{cite web |last=POU |date=2011 |title=Profile of Edward Makubuya Khiddu, Member of Parliament for Katikamu County South, Luwero District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=147.000000&const=Katikamu+County+South&dist_id=4.000000&distname=Luwero |accessdate=13 March 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> == Obutobwe n’okusoma kwe == Makubuya yazaalibwa nga 30 Omwezi gwomusanvu 1949. Yalina Diguli ey’omutendera ogusooka mu Mateeka okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]], gye yafuna mu mwka gwa 1974. Era yalina Diguli eyokubiri mu mateeka ne Diguli ya Dokita mu Ssaayansi w’Amateeka , zombi okuva mu Yale Law School era n’afuna mu 1976 ne 1979. Bwe yakomawo mu Uganda, yeegattaku kitongole ekikuuma n’okusomesa amateeka ( [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]]} gye yamalira [[:en:Legal_practice|Dipuloma ye mu by'amateeka]] wakati wo mwaka gwa 1981 ne 1982. Yeewandiisa nga omuwolereza wa kkooti enkulu mu Uganda mu mwaka gwa 1985. <ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=2011 |title=Profile of Edward Makubuya Khiddu, Member of Parliament for Katikamu County South, Luwero District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=147.000000&const=Katikamu+County+South&dist_id=4.000000&distname=Luwero |access-date=13 March 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPOU2011">POU (2011). [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=147.000000&const=Katikamu+County+South&dist_id=4.000000&distname=Luwero "Profile of Edward Makubuya Khiddu, Member of Parliament for Katikamu County South, Luwero District"]. [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu ebweru w’ebyobufuzi == Makubuya yakola ng’omuyambi ow’enjawulo mu kitongole ky’amateeka, ku Makerere University, mu mwaka gwa 1974 ne 1975. Mu mwaka gwa 1979, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa omusomesa mu Yunivasite y’emu, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1982 lwe yafuuka omusomesa omukulu . Mu mwaka gwa 1984, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Associate_professor|pulofeesa omukwanaganya]] . Era yakolagana ne Kasolo mu kkampuni ey’obwannannyini mumateeka eya Kasolo & Khiddu Advocates. Makubuya yali mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku Ssemateeka wa Uganda, akaayamba ennyo mu kuwandiika Ssemateeka wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 1995. Yali mmemba w’akakiiko akanoonyereza ku kutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu. Wakati wo mwaka gwa 1984 ne 1987, yaliko omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa [[Uganda Law Society]] Review. Makubuya yali akulira ekitongole ky’amateeka mu Makerere University, okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1995, lwe yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’ekitongole kya Uganda Human Rights and Peace Center. <ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=2011 |title=Profile of Edward Makubuya Khiddu, Member of Parliament for Katikamu County South, Luwero District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=147.000000&const=Katikamu+County+South&dist_id=4.000000&distname=Luwero |access-date=13 March 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPOU2011">POU (2011). [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=147.000000&const=Katikamu+County+South&dist_id=4.000000&distname=Luwero "Profile of Edward Makubuya Khiddu, Member of Parliament for Katikamu County South, Luwero District"]. [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Omulimu gwe ogw’ebyobufuzi == Makubuya yeegatta ku byobufuzi mu mwaka gwa 1988. Mu mwaka gwa 1996 yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Palaamenti mu Bukiika ddyo mu "Katikamu Consituwensi " mu [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Luweero]]. Oluvannyuma yalondebwa okuba Minisita w'eggwanga mu Luweero Triangle mu ofiisi ya Pulezidenti . Mu mwaka gwa 1998 ofiisi ye nga Minisita w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku Luweero Triangle yakyusibwa n'etwalibwa mu [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita]] . Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yalondebwa okuba Minisita w’eggwanga ow’ensonga z’ebweru (International Cooperation), ekifo kye yalina okutuusa nga 5 Omwezi gwokuna , 1999, lwe yalondebwa okuba Minisita w’ebyenjigiriza n’emizannyo .Yaliko Minisita w’ebyamateeka mu Uganda era Ssaabawolereza wa Gavumenti, okuva nga 14 Omwezi gwoluberyeberye mu mwaka gwa 2005 okutuuka nga 27 Omwezigwokutaano omwaka gwa 2011, lwe yakwata ekifo kya Minisita w’emirimu egy’enjawulo mu ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita . <ref name="AG">{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=13 January 2005 |title=Cabinet Shuffled |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/411869 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131338/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/411869 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=13 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFelix_Osike2005">Felix Osike, and Henry Mukasa (13 January 2005). . ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/411869 the original] on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Yalekulira mu kabineti nga 16omwezi gwokubiri mu mwaka gwa 2012. <ref name="Name">{{Cite web |last=Kiggundu |first=Edris |date=17 February 2012 |title=Politics Tarnishes Makubuya's Image |url=http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=17212:politics-tarnishes-makubuya-image |access-date=13 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKiggundu2012">Kiggundu, Edris (17 February 2012). [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=17212:politics-tarnishes-makubuya-image "Politics Tarnishes Makubuya's Image"]. ''[[The Observer|The Observer (Uganda)]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu emirala == Ng’oggyeeko obumanyirivu nobukugu, Makubuya yaweereza era yadukanya emirimu egiwerako. Wakati wo mwaka gwa 1981 ne 1982, yaliko omukiise ku lukiiko lw’amateeka olwa Uganda Law Council n’akakiiko akaddukanya ekitongole ekikulaakulanya amateeka. Yali mmemba ku bukiiko obw’enjawulo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]], omuli ne Senate.Omukulembeze eyali minister yali ayagala nnyo okunoonyereza ku '''nsonga z’ensibuko n’enkola y’amateeka''' , amateeka g’amaka, amateeka g’ensi yonna, amateeka n’enkulaakulana, eddembe ly’obuntu eri abakyala, amateeka g’ettaka n’okuteekateeka ettaka, ensimbi z’enkulaakulana, amateeka g’ababundabunda, amateeka ga ssemateeka, n’omuwendo gw’abantu, n’ekikula ky’abantu n’amateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiggundu |first=Edris |title=Politics tarnishes Makubuya image |url=https://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/17212-politics-tarnishes-makubuya-image |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Okufa == Makubuya yafiira mu Uganda nga 19 Omwezi gwomunaana 2024, ku myaka 75. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiggundu |first=Edris |title=Politics tarnishes Makubuya image |url=https://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/17212-politics-tarnishes-makubuya-image |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Ebyobufuzi bya Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Olukalala lwa kabineti mu bujjuvu, Ogwokutaano 2011 [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] hyo470qqn5b49a2aty8o72xisc85nqp Francis Ayume 0 13179 78164 70020 2026-11-08T00:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francis Joash Ayume''' (1940–2004), Munnayuganda, yali munnabyabufuzi era munnamateeka mu Uganda. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yali [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda]] <ref name="Him">{{cite web |last=Acemah |first=Harold |date=25 May 2014 |title=Tribute to Francis Ayume, An Illustrious Son of Uganda |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144017/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2016 |accessdate=12 October 2016 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 18 Ogwoomunaana 1940, mu [[Koboko (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Koboko]] mu maka ga Misaeli Onale, eyali omusomesa wa pulayimale. Ayume pulayimale yagisomera mu ''ssomero lya Nyangilia Primary School'' e [[:en:Koboko|Koboko]]. Yegatta ku [[:en:Busoga_College_Mwiri|Busoga College Mwiri]] gyeyasomera siniya kumitendera gya wansi ne waggulu (O-Level ne A-Level), n'amariliza mu 1964. <ref name="Him">{{Cite web |last=Acemah |first=Harold |date=25 May 2014 |title=Tribute to Francis Ayume, An Illustrious Son of Uganda |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144017/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2016 |access-date=12 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAcemah2014">Acemah, Harold (25 May 2014). . ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html the original] on 13 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Yegatta ku [[:en:University_of_Dar_es_Salaam|Yunivasite y’e Dar es Salaam]], gye yasomera amateeka, n’atikkirwanga mu 1967. Oluvannyuma, yaweebwa [[:en:Diploma_in_Legal_Practice|Dipuloma mu by’amateeka]] okuva mu kitongole kya [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. <ref name="Him">{{Cite web |last=Acemah |first=Harold |date=25 May 2014 |title=Tribute to Francis Ayume, An Illustrious Son of Uganda |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144017/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2016 |access-date=12 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAcemah2014">Acemah, Harold (25 May 2014). . ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tribute-to-Francis-Ayume-an-illustrious-son-of-Uganda/689844-2325552-item-00-g1s3pz/index.html the original] on 13 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu myaka gya 1990, Ayume yayingira ebyobufuzi bya Uganda eby'okuvuganya era n'alondebwa mu palamenti ya Uganda okukiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Koboko. Okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001, yaweereza nga [[:en:List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Uganda|Sipiika wa Palamenti]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’omukaaga (1996–2001). "Mu mwaka gwa 2001, yalondebwa ku bwa Ssaabawolereza wa Gavumenti n'akiikirira Uganda mu kkooti y'ensi yonna mu musango Uganda mwe yavunaanibwa okulumba DR Congo ngakigambibwa nti yanyaga eby'obugagga byayo eby'obutonde". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Monitor Staff |date=20 May 2011 |title=Speakers of Parliament since 1962 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065212/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1166118/-/c1gr8uz/-/index.html |archive-date=29 October 2017 |access-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> Ku Ssande nga 16 ogwookutaano 2004, yagwa ku kabenje k’emmotoka e [[Nakasongola]] ku luguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Gulu]] Highway. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=18 May 2004 |title=Uganda: Ayume Death a Major Blow |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200405180035.html |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> == Byeyakola == Francis Ayume yawandiika ekitabo "Criminal Procedure And Law in Uganda". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis J Ayume |date=1986 |title=Criminal Procedure And Law in Uganda |url=https://www.amazon.com/Criminal-procedure-Uganda-Francis-Ayume/dp/0582644879 |access-date=13 October 2016 |publisher=Amazon.com}}</ref> Ekitabo kino kyayingizibwa mu nsoma ya Makerere University School of Law. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike, Joyce Namutebi |first=and John Odyek |date=20 May 2004 |title=Parliament mourns Ayume |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1100306/parliament-mourns-ayume |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa okuva eby'ebweru == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/ Omukutu gwa Palamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] qo0hcsoxjqo8ey00rkrtlwesrw8013x Lokwang Hillary 0 13242 78178 69555 2026-11-08T01:10:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78178 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lokwang Hillary''' (yazaalibwa mugwokuna nga 3, 1982) munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi akiikirira [[:en:Ik_county|essaza lya Ik]] mu [[:en:Kaabong_District|disitulikiti y'e Kaabong]] mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115051301/https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |archive-date=15 January 2026 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Education frustrates parliamentary hopefuls among Ik community |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/education-frustrates-parliamentary-hopefuls-among-ik-community/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162300/https://www.independent.co.ug/education-frustrates-parliamentary-hopefuls-among-ik-community/ |archive-date=7 July 2023 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina ki [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2020 |title=How six unopposed MP candidates emerged victorious |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127083728/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[Daily Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> era akikiiridde essaza lino okuva mu 2016.[[National Resistance Movement|​]] Mmemba [[:en:Ik_people|w'abantu ba Ik]], ye yali osoose okuva mu kabbira eno okugenda ku yunivasite.​ == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokusatu, 1982 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115051301/https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |archive-date=15 January 2026 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 "Members of Parliament | Parliament"]. ''mpsdb.parliament.go.ug''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260115051301/https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6IjlERXUwUXR1cFI2MVRNTmFZaFIyTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK21rYjExUnM3dksrMW05aWRnc1ZKUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQzYTYyZTA3YWI4M2I1NDhmYTRlNTM2Mjk1MTc1ZjAxN2YxODI0NTJhMDliMWEwZDJhMDE4NjZmZGExZmFiZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 Archived] from the original on January 15, 2026<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> mu Lodoi, Timu, Ik County, nga ye muto ku baana omusanvu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Athumani |first=Halima |date=July 31, 2016 |title=Uganda: Endangered tribe puts hope in rookie lawmaker |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |archive-date=1 August 2016 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[Anadolu Ajansı]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Hillary, "yakulira mu kibira ne bazadde bange, nga tewali mpisa yonna yaliwo". <ref name=":1" /> Yasooka kugenda mu [[:en:Timu_Primary_School|ssomero lya Timu Primary School]] mu 1987 ku musingi ogutakwatagana. <ref name=":1" /> Mu 1990 we gwatuukira, famire ye yali egenze mu misoni y’Abakatuliki era n’agenda mu ssomero ly’abaminsani ery’abalenzi erya Komkuny. Yava mu ssomero mu 1993 era mu 1995, yali adduse n’agenda e Kenya mu [[:en:Kakuma_refugee_camp|nkambi y’ababundabunda e Kakuma]] . Oluvannyuma yaddayo eka okuddamu okutoloka nagenda mu Dodoth West Constituency mu bukiikakkono bwa [[:en:Karamoja|Karamoja]], gye yafunira obuyigirize obw'omusanvu okuva mu baminsani Abakatoliki. Yamaliriza siniya mu 2004 mu disitulikiti y’e Mbale. <ref name=":1" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okusisinkana [[:en:Janet_Kataha_Museveni|Janet Kataha Museveni]] mu 2012, yafuna sikaala n’agenda mu [[:en:St._Lawrence_University_(Uganda)|St. Lawrence University]]. Mu 2015, yatikkirwa n’afuna diguli mu by’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Athumani |first=Halima |date=July 31, 2016 |title=Uganda: Endangered tribe puts hope in rookie lawmaker |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |archive-date=1 August 2016 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[Anadolu Ajansı]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAthumani2016">Athumani, Halima (July 31, 2016). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 "Uganda: Endangered tribe puts hope in rookie lawmaker"]. ''[[Anadolu Ajansı]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 Archived] from the original on August 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> ye yasooka ku bantu ba Ik okufuna diguli. <ref name=":1" /> == Eby'obufuzi == Yafuuka omubaka wa Paalamenti owa Ik County mu Gwokubiri 2016, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Athumani |first=Halima |date=July 31, 2016 |title=Uganda: Endangered tribe puts hope in rookie lawmaker |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 |archive-date=1 August 2016 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[Anadolu Ajansı]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAthumani2016">Athumani, Halima (July 31, 2016). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 "Uganda: Endangered tribe puts hope in rookie lawmaker"]. ''[[Anadolu Ajansı]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-endangered-tribe-puts-hope-in-rookie-lawmaker/619113 Archived] from the original on August 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> anti ye muntu yekka eyali alina ebisaanyizo by’obuyigirize ebyetaagisa mu Paalamenti ya Uganda. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2020 |title=How six unopposed MP candidates emerged victorious |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127083728/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=[[Daily Monitor]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 "How six unopposed MP candidates emerged victorious"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. October 19, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201127083728/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/how-six-unopposed-mp-candidates-emerged-victorious-2485078 Archived] from the original on November 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2020, yaddayo nga tavuganyiziddwa mu [[:en:11th_Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] . <ref name=":2" /> Okuva lwe yalondebwa, Hillary atadde amaanyi mu kaweefube w'okufuna ebikozesebwa ebya digito eri Disitulikiti y’e Kaabong, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Hannington G. |date=August 25, 2023 |title=Kaabong: IK MP Lokwang Breaks Silence On Poor Communication Infrastructure, Faults Gov’t, Telecom Companies |url=https://thestandard.co.ug/2023/08/25/kaabong-ik-mp-lokwang-breaks-silence-on-poor-communication-infrastructure-faults-govt-telecom-companies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825200340/https://thestandard.co.ug/2023/08/25/kaabong-ik-mp-lokwang-breaks-silence-on-poor-communication-infrastructure-faults-govt-telecom-companies/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=The Standard News (Uganda) |language=en}}</ref> wamu n’okuzimba amasomero n'amalwaliro. <ref name=":2" /> Okwekenenya okwakolebwa The Observer mu 2017 kwazuula nti Hillary yali ayogedde emirundi 5 mu Paalamenti mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 2, 2017 |title=Most active and silent MPs in 2016 |url=https://observer.ug/news/most-active-and-silent-mps-in-2016/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115051545/https://observer.ug/news/most-active-and-silent-mps-in-2016/ |archive-date=15 January 2026 |access-date=November 25, 2025 |website=The Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] 0axrtvimt0osixbj94q8hzldy8pbes6 Dani Wadada Nabudere 0 13288 78160 70466 2026-11-08T00:17:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dani Wadada Nabudere''' (15 Ogwekkumineebiri 1932 – 9 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2011) yali [[:en:Ugandan|Munnayuganda]] omuyivu, [[:en:Pan-Africanist|Omulwanirizi w'enkolagana mu mawanga ga Africa]], munnamateeka, munnabyabufuzi, omuwandiisi, [[:en:Political_scientist|munnasaayansi w'ebyobufuzi]], era omukugu mu nkulaakulana. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yali Pulofeesa mu [[:en:Islamic_University_in_Uganda|Yunivasite y’Obusiraamu]] era nga ye dayirekita w’ekitongole kya [[:en:Marcus_Garvey_Pan-Afrikan_Institute|Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan Institute]],e [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]] mu Uganda. Omulimu gwe ogw’ebyobufuzi, ogw’amagezi n’ogwabantu mu bitundu gw'amala ekiseera ekyasukka mu kitundu ky’ekyasa ng’akola emirimu gya gavumenti. Yali mwogezi, mukubiriza w'abantu era nga muwandiisi wa bitabo bingi. Mu nsonga ze yawandiikako mwalimu [[:en:Food_security|obusobozi bw'abantu okufuna emmere emala]], emirembe, ensibuko z’okumanya, omulimu gwa Africa mu kwongera obuntu bulamu mu nsi, okuyiga mu bulamu bwonna, obwegassi okusala ensalo, [[:en:Political_economy|ebyenfuna mu byobufuzi]] by’ensi yonna, [[:en:Pan-Africanism|Obulwanirizi bw'enkolagana mu mawanga ga Africa]], okulwanirira [[:en:Commons|ebiruubirirwa ebyawamu]], obwenkanya mu kutegeera, ebifo awaggyibwa okumanya mu bantu, enfuga ey’okuzzaawo, ebyenfuna, n’obwenkanya. Pulofeesa Nabudere yali [[:en:Ministry_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Affairs_(Uganda)|Minisita w’obwenkanya owa Uganda]] mu 1979 ate [[:en:Minister_of_Culture,_Community_Development,_and_Rehabilitation_of_Uganda|Minisita w’ebyobuwangwa, enkulaakulana y’abantu, n’okuddaabiriza Uganda]] mu 1979–1980 mu Gavumenti ya Uganda ey’ekiseera eya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|UNLF]] . Yali Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannassaayansi w’ebyobufuzi mu Africa ekya African Association of Political Science eyasooka <ref name="obituary">https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003279</ref>era omumyuka wa pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannanssaayansi w'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna ekya [[:en:International_Political_Science_Association|International Political Science Association]] (IPSA) okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1988. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ye yali mutandisi era omukulu w’ettendekero lya Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan Institute (MPAI), [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], Uganda. Mu myaka kkumi egyasembayo egy’obulamu bwe, Nabudere yali yakola ku ky’okutandikawo ebibiina by’abantu aba wansi okuyamba abantu b’omu byalo n’okusitula amaloboozi gaabwe ku nsonga ezikwata ku bulamu bwabwe. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9QqHFqR3NqgC</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Dani Wadada Nabudere yazaalibwa nga 15 Ogwekkumineebiri 1932, e [[:en:Budadiri|Budadiri]], Uganda, mu maka g’oku kyalo Bumayamba e Buyobo. <ref name="Hansard2011">https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/views/dea3dd9d-1a1e-41a5-82ab-e75033267734%253B1.0</ref> Nabudere yasomera [[:en:Bugisu|Bugisu]] oluvannyuma n'amaliririza ku ssomero lya [[:en:Aggrey_Memorial_College|Aggrey Memorial College]] [[:en:Bunamwaya|e Bunamwaya]]. Yafuuka omukozi ku post wandiisi wa posta okumala emyaka egiwerako, nga tannasaba kusoma mateeka mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] . <ref name="Observer2006">https://web.archive.org/web/20241202014441/http://archive.observer.ug/specials/prison/prison200611231.php</ref> Ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1960 yagenda e Bungereza okusoma amateeka, era n'afuna Diguli esooka mu Mateeka mu 1963, era n'akkirizibwa nga [[:en:Barrister_at_Law|Barrister at Law]], mu [[:en:Lincoln's_Inn|Lincoln's Inn]], London. <ref name="Hansard2011"/> <ref name="Wakholi2012">https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1485</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Mu kibiina kya Uganda Independence movement === Nabudere yalinnya mu byobufuzi by’eggwanga mu myaka gya 1960. Ng’akyali muyizi e London mu 1961, yali mmemba ku kakiiko akafuzi ak’ekibiina ekigatta abayizi ba Uganda ekya United Kingdom Uganda Students Association ng’ali wamu ne [[:en:Yash_Tandon|Yash Tandon]], [[:en:Ateker_Ejalu|Ateker Ejalu]], [[:en:Chango_Machyo|Chango Machyo]], ne [[:en:Edward_Rugumayo|Edward Rugumayo]], nga bonna oluvannyuma baalina okukola ekinene mu byafaayo bya Uganda. Ekibiina kya UGASA kyali ky'enyigira mu kuyamba okusitula ebirowoozo by'obufuzi mu bavubuka Bannayuganda abasoma oba abakolera e Bungereza ne mu Bulaaya. Ekimu ku bikulu ebyakolebwa ekibiina kino kwe kunoonya ababaka ba palamenti ya Bungereza nga Uganda efuna obwetwaze. <ref name="pambazuka.net">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570</ref> <ref name="newvision.co.ug">http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417</ref> === Okulwanirira eddembe mu gavumenti ya Obote === Bwe yakomawo okuva e Bungereza mu 1964, yatandika okukyayibwa mu kibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]] oba UPC. UPC kyali kibiina kya Bannayuganda ekitaavanga ku nsonga. Ssaabawandiisi waayo mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:John_Kakonge|John Kakonge]], yalina enkolagana ennene ne bannabyabufuzi abaali bakkiririza mu mwenkanonkano mu bantu bonna, era ng’alina abavubuka bangi abaali bamukkiririzaamu mu kibiina, nga mu bo mwe mwali Nabudere. Mu lukungaana lw’ekibiina e Gulu mu 1964, ab'okukkono baawangulwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] n’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina obukulu. <ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003279</ref> Era yali, mukkiriza mu ndowooza y'aba [[:en:Marxist|Marxist]] ey'omwenkanonkano mu bantu b'eggwanga, eyitibwa ey'aba Komunisiti mu kiseera gavumenti ya UPC mu kiseera ekyo, bwe yali ewakanyizibwa ng'abantu bawakanya endowoooza eyo. Mu 1965 yagobwa mu kibiina nga bali wamu ne [[Kirunda Kivejinja]], [[:en:Jaberi_Bidandi-Ssali|Jaberi Bidandi-Ssali]], ne [[:en:Kintu_Musoke|Kintu Musoke]] . Kyokka ne bwe yagobwa mu UPC, Nabudere yasigala ng’avuganya ekiwayi kya Obote nga mugumu wamu ne banne. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Nabudere ne [[:en:Raiti_Omongin|Raiti Omongin]] baali baakakola ekibiina [[:en:Maoist|ky’Abamao]] ekyasooka mu Uganda. Mu kiseera ekyo, Nabudere naye yali akoze kinene mu nteeseganya z'okwegatta wakati wa [[:en:Zanzibar|Zanzibar]] ne [[:en:Tanganyika_(1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] . Obote bwe yaggyawo ebibiina by’obufuzi n’alangirira eggwanga ery’ekibiina ekimu mu 1969, Nabudere yagwa mu buzibu bwe yagenda mu maaso n’okulwanirira ebibiina. Emabegako mu 1963, yali yatondawo ekibiina kya bannakyewa e Mbale ekyayitibwanga Uganda Vietnam Solidarity Committee nga omulimu gwakyo gwali gwa kukola kampeyini ez’okulwanyisa obufuzi bwa America n’obulumbaganyi bwayo mu Vietnam. Mu Gwomwenda 1965, Nabudere yavunaanibwa omubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okutegeka "olukwe lw'abakomunisiti" okuggyako gavumenti. Mu Gwekkuminebiri 1969, oluvannyuma lw’okugezaako okutta Obote mu lukungaana lwa UPC, Nabudere (n'abalala) baakwatibwa ne bateekebwa mu kaduukulu mu mateeka ag’amangu. Yayimbulwa ku nkomerero y'Ogwekkumineebiri1970. === Wansi wa gavumenti ya Idi Amin === [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] bwe yakwata obuyinza mu Gwolubereberye 1971, Bannayuganda abawerako ku ludda oluwakanya baasalawo okukolagana ne gavumenti ya Amin, kyokka mu bbanga ttono ne baggwaamu essuubi, era okutandika ne Rugumayo, abawerako ne balekulira gavumenti eno mu 1972. Nabudere yalondebwa Idi Amin mu 1971 nga ssentebe wa [[:en:East_Africa_Railways_and_Harbours|East Africa Railways and Harbors]] ng’asinziira e [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]],[[:en:Kenya|Kenya]], wabula mu 1974 mu kuwakanya obukambwe bwa Amin yalekulira n’agenda e [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] gye yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze b’ekibiina ekyali kirwanyisa Amin. <ref name="pambazuka.net"/> === Emyaka gya 1970: Okuwangangusibwa e Dar Es Salaam n'''Okukubaganya ebirowoozo'' === Ng’omusomesa, Nabudere yali wa nkizo nnyo mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo oba dibeeti waakiri ez'emirundi esatu egy’amaanyi mu by’obufuzi n’eby’enjigiriza mu [[:en:University_of_Dar_es_Salaam|Yunivasite y’e Dar es Salaam]] ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1960 n’emyaka kkumi egy’omu gy'o 1970. <ref>https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Dani+Wadada+Nabudere#:~:text=View-,These%20academic%20and%20political%20debates%20were%20much%20discussed%20in%20the%20academic,active%20in%202021%2C%20and%20continue%20to%20publish%20on%20these%20same%20questions.,-Issues</ref> Okukubaganya ebirowoozo kuno okwalimu okuyigiriza, kwayatiikirira era kwagobererwa nnyo mu kiseera ekyo, era kwatondebwawo mu mulembe gw’amawanga ga Africa agaali gaakafuna obwetwaze, ng’abakulembeze b’ebyobufuzi nga [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]], oba [[:en:Sekou_Touré|Sekou Touré]], n’abasomesa nga Nabudere, Mamdani, oba [[:en:Cheikh_Anta_Diop|Cheikh Anta Diop]] bonna bameggananga n’okutumbula, ensonga ezaakwatnfga ku miramwa okwali [[:en:African_Socialism|Obumu mu Africa]], [[:en:Marxism|Omuwenkanonkano mu bantu bonna]], n'endowooza z'[[:en:Pan-African|okuba N'obumu mu Mawanga ga Africa]], oba okukwata [[:en:Development_theory|endowooza y’enkulaakulana]] ey’amawanga g’ebweru mu mbeera za Afirica. <ref name="Tsmondo1975">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-issues/article/abs/from-panafricanism-to-socialism-the-modernization-of-an-african-liberation-ideology/6EFC759EB50451771317CD0C6E196224</ref> Dibeeti eyasooka yali ekwata ku Tanzania, ekkubo mwe yali edda n’engeri gye yali eyinza okulaga ekkubo eri Africa yonna okutuuka ku kigendererwa ekisembayo eky'obumu. Okusinga yali ku kubaganya birowoozo mu bagumu mu Tanzania, oluusi nga beegattibwako abalala okuva ebweru wa Tanzania nga [[:en:Walter_Rodney|Walter Rodney]] ne Nabudere. <ref name="Nursey-Bray1980">https://www.jstor.org/stable/721632</ref> Ey'okubiri yali ya kukubaganya birowoozo okusinga mu Bannayuganda abasomesa mu yunivasite eno naddala mu kitongole kya Sayansi w’Ensi, ku ngeri enjigiriza ebaddewo mu misomo gyabwe gy’eyinza okusoomoozebwa n’okukyusibwa okulaga embeera n’embeera z’Afirika. <ref name="pambazuka.net">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2016 |title=Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary &#124; Pambazuka News |url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 August 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. 5 March 2016. Archived from [http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 the original] on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Eyokusatu yali ya kukubaganya birowoozo okusinga wakati w'aBannayuganda ku "Kasozi" nga [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] bwe yayitibwanga, era abaali babeera mu buwanganguse mu Buvanjubabwa Africa oluusi ne beegatta n'abalala ne bwe baali ebweru w'o [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. <ref name="YTandon2021">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/talkback-is-govt-finally-giving-in-to-policy-reversal-on-liberalisation--3529400</ref> Ekintu kino erudda kyaluŋŋamizibwa ekitabo kya Nabudere ekya ‘Imperialism and Revolution in Uganda’ (1980) n’okuwa ebirowoozo ku kitabo ekyo okwakolebwa [[:en:Mahmood_Mamdani|Mahmood Mamdani]], [[:en:Harkishan_Bhagat|Harkishan Bhagat]], ne [[:en:Karim_Hirji|Karim Hirji]] . Oluvannyuma okukubaganya ebirowoozo kuno kwaddamu okufulumizibwa ng’ekitabo ekyayitibwa ‘The Dar es Salaam Debate on Class, State and Imperialism’ (1982), ekyatereezebwa Yash Tandon, nga ennyanjula yakolebwa [[:en:Mohammad_Babu|Mohammad Babu]], Marxist eyali omumanyifu mu okuva e Zanzibar. <ref name="YTandon1982">https://www.equatorschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debates-on-State-Class-and-Imperialism-1-of-5-by-Yash-Tandon-z-lib.org_.pdf </ref> ' ''Okukubaganya ebirowoozo''<nowiki/>' kwalina omugaso mu by'obwongo, mu kusomesa era n'ebyobufuzi n'obukodyo eri Uganda naye ne Africa [[:en:Third_world|n'ensi endala ezitannakulaakulana]] . <ref name="Ojwok1974a">https://www.equatorschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debates-on-State-Class-and-Imperialism-1-of-5-by-Yash-Tandon-z-lib.org_.pdf</ref> Amakulu g’okukubaganya ebirowoozo kuno, okwali kukwese nga kugenda mu maaso, geeyoleka bulungi mu myezi egyasooka egya 1979, ng’ensonga ezo zennyini zifuna ekifo eky’omugaso mu by’obufuzi oluvannyuma lwa Amin [[:en:Invasion_of_Kagera|okulumbwa Tanzania mu Gwekkumineebiri 1978]] . Tanzania yagaana obulumbaganyi buno kyokka mu kiseera ekyo [[:en:President_of_Tanzania|Pulezidenti wa Tanzania]] [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]] yafuna obuzibu mu kusalawo. Yeeyongereyo e [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], n'amagye ge bwe gatyo mu ngeri entuufu gafuuke "amagye agaawamba", oba agezeeko okuteekawo oludda lw'ebyobufuzi olwa Uganda olulina obumu olutaaliwo okutwala obuyinza bwa gavumenti? Yasalawo ku ekyo ekisembyeyo. Wabula okuteekawo obumu bw’enjuyi ezaali zitakwatagana mu Uganda ky'ali kirooto kyantiisa. <ref name="pambazuka.net"/> === Ekibinja ky’abantu bana n’ekibiina kya Uganda National Liberation Front === Mu kuddamu okunyumya ku kiseera ky’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|Uganda National Liberation Front]] (UNLF), kyali kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse kyebeegattiramu okugoba Amin. Prof. [[:en:Edward_Rugumayo|Edward Rugumayo]], eyafuuka ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa UNLF, agamba nti Nabudere yakola kinene nnyo mu kutondawo ekibiina kino ekyali eky’okununula abantu. Ekibiina kya UNLF bwe kyatandikibwawo olukiiko olufuzi olwamanyibwa nga [[:en:History_of_Uganda_(1979–1986)#Interim_period|National Consultative Council (NCC)]], Nabudere yalondebwa okuba ssentebe w’akakiiko kaalwo ak’ebyobufuzi. Yafuuka omukulembeze ow'enkizo mu NCC, ng’ali wamu ne Edward Rugumayo, Yash Tandon, ne [[:en:Omwony_Ojwok|Omwony Ojwok]] . Okutwalira awamu baali bamanyiddwa nga ‘Akabinja k'abana oba The Gang of Four’, <ref name="Mutibwa1992">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Dani+Wadada+Nabudere#:~:text=View-,Mutibwa%2C%20Phares%20Mukasa.%20Uganda%20since%20independence%3A%20A%20story%20of%20unfulfilled%20hopes.%20Africa%20World%20Press%2C%201992.,-Issues</ref> : 128, 128 . 135. Nga erinnya baaliggya ku kabinkja k'aba China abaali abakomunisiti akaali kayitibwa [[:en:Gang_of_Four|Gang of Four]] akaayamba ennyo mu kuteekawo enkyukakyuka mu China gye baayita [[:en:Chinese_Cultural_Revolution|Chinese Cultural Revolution]]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417] <ref name="Golooba-Mutebi">http://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp27.2-collapse-war-and-reconstruction-in-uganda.pdf</ref> Mu gavumenti ya UNLF ey’ekiseera, Nabudere yalondebwa emirundi ebiri okubeera minisita wa gavumenti: mu 1979 yali Minisita w’ebyamateeka ate okuva mu 1979 okutuuka mu 1980, Minisita w’ebyobuwangwa, enkulaakulana y’abantu n’okuddaabiriza abantu. <ref name="Golooba-Mutebi">{{Cite journal |last=Golooba-Mutebi |first=Frederick |date=January 2008 |title=Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda. An analytical narrative on state-making |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp27.2-collapse-war-and-reconstruction-in-uganda.pdf |journal=Makerere University Crisis States Working Papers Series |issue=2 |issn=1749-1800}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGolooba-Mutebi2008">Golooba-Mutebi, Frederick (January 2008). [http://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp27.2-collapse-war-and-reconstruction-in-uganda.pdf "Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda. An analytical narrative on state-making"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Makerere University Crisis States Working Papers Series'' (2). [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-1800 1749-1800].</cite></ref> Gavumenti ya UNLF eyasooka ku mulembe gwa Pulezidenti [[:en:Yusuf_Lule|Yusuf Lule]] yamala ennaku mukaaga ku munaana zokka. Mu Gwomwenda 1979, yaggyibwa mu buyinza n’akalulu k’okuggyamu obwesige akaatwalibwa mu palamenti ey’enkyukakyuka, era NCC eyakubirizibwa Edward Rugumayo, n'emuggyako mu demokulasiya, n’asikizibwa Pulezidenti [[:en:Godfrey_Binaisa|Godfrey Binaisa]] . Enfuga ya Binaisa olwo yeeyaggyibwa mu buyinza akakiiko k’amagye aka UNLF akaakulemberwa Paulo Muwanga ne [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]], era kirabika kaawagirwa Tanzania. === Emyaka gya 1980 n’egyaddirira NRM === Okuwamba gavumenti kw’amagye okwaliwo nga 12 Ogwokutaano, 1980 kwasuula Binaisa ne kuteeka[[Paulo Muwanga]] mu buyinza, era kwaleeteera Nabudere okuddukira mu buwanganguse, nga n’abalala abasatu abaali mu ‘kabinja ka gang of four'. <ref name="pambazuka.net">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2016 |title=Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary &#124; Pambazuka News |url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 August 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 "Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary &#x7C; Pambazuka News"]. 5 March 2016. Archived from [http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 the original] on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Mu 1982 Nabudere yagenda e [[:en:Helsingør|Helsingør]] mu [[:en:Denmark|Denmark]] ng'asomesa mu ssomero lya [[:en:Folk_High_School|Folk High School]] . Guno gwe gumu ku myaka gye yasinga okuvaamu ebibala ng’omuyivu. Yawandiika ekiwandiiko eky’emiko egisukka mu 300 ekiyitibwa ‘The Rise and Fall of Money Capital’, ekyafulumizibwa mu 1990 wansi w’ekibiina ekyali kiyitibwa [[:en:Africa_in_Transition|Africa in Transition]], ekibiina eky'atandikibwawo ab’oluganda [[:en:Yash_Tandon|Yash Tandon]] ne [[:en:Vikash_Tandon|Vikash Tandon]] . Okwekenenya ssente okuddamu okutunula mu Marx, Engels, Hilferding, [[:en:Rosa_Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]], ne Keynes, bonna abajja wansi w’okukubaganya ebirowoozo kwa Nabudere. Nabudere yakola okwekenneenya ebyafaayo ku kusituka kwa ssente nga ssente (nga kwawukana ku nkulaakulana yaayo nga kapito), era n’akola okulagula nti ssente zijja kutuuka ekiseera ziwangule kapito n’oluvannyuma zisisinkane okugwa kwazo ng’ekintu eky’okuwola. Kino mu butuufu kye kyaliwo mu myaka ekkumi egyasooka egy'ekyasab kya 21, eky'amanyibwa mu mulembe gwaffe nga "financialization of capital". Kino Nabudere yali yakisuubira dda mu kiseera kye eky’okunoonyereza n’okuwandiika mu Helsingør. Oluvannyuma, ekitabo kino kyafulumizibwa Fahamu, nga kifunziddwa era ne kituumibwa, ‘The Crash of International Finance-Capital and Its Implications for the Third World’ (2009), nga Yash Tandon ye yawandiika ennyanjula. <ref name="pambazuka.net"/> <ref name="Simon2012">https://scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.1080/03056244.2012.688646</ref> Nabudere yabeera mu buwanganguse okutuusa mu 1993 Pulezidenti Museveni lwe yamuyita okudda mu ggwanga abeere mu [[:en:1994_Ugandan_Constituent_Assembly_election|lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka oba Consituent Assembly]] (CA). <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035601/http://independent.co.ug/obituary/4-obituary/4914-prof-nabudere</ref> Mu kukomawo kwe, Nabudere, yafuuka omuvumirira wa Museveni ow'amaanyi. Mu bbanga lya CA, Nabudere emirundi mingi yakulembera abakiise b’Olukiiko ku walkouts nga tebakkiriziganya na bammemba ba CA abalala. Era yeegatta ne [[:en:Aggrey_Awori|Aggrey Awori]] ne bakola ekibiina kya National Caucus for Democracy (NCD), ekibiina ekyali kiteeka CA ku bunkenke. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Dead link tagged November 2017">enkolagana enfu ey'olubeerera</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</span></sup> == Ettendekekero lya MPAI ne Afrikology == Nabudere yatandikawo ettendekero lya [[:en:Marcus_Garvey|Marcus Garvey]] Pan-Afrikan Institute (MPAI) e Mbale mu Uganda, ng'ekigendererwa kyalyo kyali kya kutondawo tterekero ly'okumanya ku ssaayansi wa Africa, firosofe, obusawo n'okumanya okulala ku Africa okw'edda kye yayita "Afrikology". <ref name="Osha2018">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine</ref> MPAI oluvannyuma yali ya kukulaakulana efuuke yunivasite, nga ye Chancellor-Designate eyasooka. <ref name="pambazuka.net">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2016 |title=Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary &#124; Pambazuka News |url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 August 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. 5 March 2016. Archived from [http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 the original] on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Nabudere2003">https://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African+Journals/pdfs/political+science/volume8n1/ajps008001002.pdf</ref> == Okufa kwe == Oluvannyuma lw’okulwala obulwadde bwa sukaali ne puleesa, Nabudere yafiira mu maka ge mu budde bw'okumakya nga 9 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2011. Yasikirwa mukyala we ne mutabani we n’abalala. <ref name="DailyMonitor">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/prof-nabudere-is-dead-1503136</ref> == Ebiwandiiko bye ebimanyiddwa == === Ebitabo bye === * The Political Economy of Imperialism, 1976, Tanzania Publishing House and Zed Press, London; * Essays on the theory and practice of Imperialism, 1979, Onyx Press, London; * Imperialism in East Africa, 1980, Zed Press, London (in two volumes); * Imperialism and Revolution in Uganda, 1980, Onyx Press, London; * The Crash of International Finance Capital and its implications for the Third World, SAPES Trust, 1989, Harare, Zimbabwe; * Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, Institut Für Afrika Kunde, Hamburg, Germany, 1989; yayambibwako P. Meynes mu kutereeza; * The Rise and Fall of Money Capital, 1990, Afrika in Trust, Harare/London; * Uganda Referendum 2000: Winners and Losers, Monitor Publications, Kampala; * Pan-Africanism and Integration in Africa, 2002, SAPES Publications, Harare, Zimbabwe, yayambibwako Ibbo Mandaza mu kutereeza; * The Global Capitalist Crisis and the Way Forward for Africa, Kampala, 2009. * The Crash of International Finance Capital and its implications for the Third World, kyaddamu okufulumizibwa Ufahamu, London, 2009. * Afrikology, Philosophy, and Wholeness: An Epistemology, Africa Institute of South Africa, PRETORIA, Ogwokubiri 2011. === Ebiwandiiko ebirala Ebyalondebwa === * [http://www.mail-archive.com/ugandanet@kym.net/msg19023.html Government should be clear on Obote] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=v2jsIFo183cC&pg=PA33 Development theories, knowledge production and emancipatory practice] Chapter in 'The development decade? economic and social change in South Africa, 1994–2004', Vishnu Padayachee, * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230805154102/http://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100417930 The Crash of International Finance-Capital and its Implications for the Third World] Archived 2023-08-05 at the Wayback Machine * [http://www.mail-archive.com/ugandanet@kym.net/msg10931.html Brave Faces Won't Resolve New Crisis] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |last=Simon, D. |year=2012 |title=Remembering Dani Wadada NabudereDavid SimonDavid Simon. |url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83572}} * Ssemutooke, J. (2012). "Dani Nabudere, the constantly critical don." Retrieved August 2015, 2015, from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417] . * {{Cite web |last=Tandon, Y. |year=2012 |title=Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary |url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100437/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570 |archive-date=2016-03-04}}. * {{Cite web |last=Sserunjogi, E. M. |date=2011-11-22 |title=Professor Nabudere, Marxist father of Afrikanism dies |url=http://independent.co.ug/obituary/4-obituary/4914-prof-nabudere |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035601/http://independent.co.ug/obituary/4-obituary/4914-prof-nabudere |archive-date=2016-03-04}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] syqctan19saftwm1qmd6lcxm73mxyvs Jamil Kasirye, omusajja omulala 0 13753 78168 72648 2026-11-08T00:52:20Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78168 wikitext text/x-wiki   Jamil Kasirye yazaalibwa mu mwaka gwa 1954 era ye munnabyamizannyo wo mupiira eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo eyazannyira Uganda national football team mu mpaka za 1978 African Cup of Nations. . == Omulimu gwe == Yazaalibwa Kasubi (ekitundu ekiriraanye [[Kampala]] ), Kasirye yazannyirako omupiira gwa kiraabu mu ttiimu ya Lint FC, [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|Kampala City Council FC]], [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] ne Bank of Uganda FC. Yawangula engule za Uganda bbiri ne Villa, n’awangula ekikopo kya Uganda emirundi esatu (emirundi ebiri ne KCC ate omulundi gumu ne Villa), era n’abeera kapiteeni wa ttiimu ya Villa eyatuuka ku mpaka ez’okusunsulamu ab’okutuuka ku zisembayo ku kiraabu za African Cup of Champions Clubs mu 1983 . <ref name="Observer">{{cite web |author=Badru Zziwa, Hassan |date=13 November 2011 |title=Flashback: Jamil Kasirye - the spark that ignited SC Villa-KCC FC rivalry |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329060532/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=21 March 2014 |publisher=The Observer}}</ref> Kasirye azannye emipiira egiwerako mu ttiimu ey'abavubuka n’abakulu mu Uganda.Omupiira gwe ogwasembayo gwali gwa Zambia okuwangula ggoolo satu ku bwelele mu Gwomusanvu 1984 . <ref name="Observer">{{Cite web |last=Badru Zziwa, Hassan |date=13 November 2011 |title=Flashback: Jamil Kasirye - the spark that ignited SC Villa-KCC FC rivalry |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329060532/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=21 March 2014 |publisher=The Observer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBadru_Zziwa,_Hassan2011">Badru Zziwa, Hassan (13 November 2011). . The Observer. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry the original] on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] scs1tpxg8z89jkozwx58btcd60odjtu Yasmin Alibhai-Brown 0 13798 78200 75290 2026-11-08T01:59:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78200 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Yasmin Alibhai-Brown''' FRSL ( ''née'' '''Damji''' ; yazaalibwa 10 Ogwekkumineebiri 1949) munnamawulire era omuwandiisi Omuzungu. Omuwandiisi w’amawulire mu lupapula lwa ''The i Paper'' ne ''Evening Standard'',<ref name="cardiff">{{cite web |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/jomec/contactsandpeople/honorary/alibhai-brown-yasmin.html |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=[[Cardiff University]]}}</ref> muwandiisi w’ensonga z’okuyingira mu nsi, enjawulo, n’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo .<ref name="mcdonagh">{{cite news|last=McDonagh|first=Melanie|title=The New Statesman Profile – Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200010230023|work=[[New Statesman]]|date=23 October 2000|access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="smallman">{{cite news|last=Smallman|first=Etan|title=Independent Woman|url=http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1245|publisher=Epigram|date=4 December 2006|access-date=20 April 2009|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215131/http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1245|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ye yali omutandisi w’ekibiina ky’Abasiraamu ekya Bungereza ekya Secular Democracy.<ref name="ahmad">{{cite news|title=Representing ourselves better|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 May 2008|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/may/01/representingourselvesbetter|access-date=15 August 2012|location=London|first=Imran|last=Ahmad}}</ref> Era yali muyambi w'ekirabo ky'ebiwandiiko ekya SI Leeds.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113195227/http://sileedsliteraryprize.wordpress.com/patrons/ Patrons] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113195227/http://sileedsliteraryprize.wordpress.com/patrons/|date=13 November 2014}}, SI Leeds Literary Prize.</ref> == Obulamu obuto n’amaka == Yasmin Damji yazaalibwa mu 1949 mu [[Abayindi mu Uganda|Bayindi]] e [[Kampala]] mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] .<ref name="alibhai-brown-50s">{{cite web |last=Alibhai-Brown |first=Yasmin |date=26 September 2008 |title=Love in Your Fifties |url=http://www.alibhai-brown.com/archive/article.php?id=165 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707111643/http://www.alibhai-brown.com/archive/article.php?id=165 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 December 1949 |title=Ms Yasmin Alibhai-Brown Authorised Biography |url=http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/search/results/21664/Yasmin%20ALIBHAI-BROWN.aspx |access-date=28 June 2014 |work=Debrett's People of Today |publisher=[[Debrett's]]}}</ref> Famire ye yali ya ttabi lya Nizari Ismaili<ref name="chatterjee">{{cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Sonali Jha|title=Ismailis in the News: Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Writer and Journalist|work=Ismaili Mail|url=http://ismailimail.wordpress.com/2007/02/17/ismailis-in-the-news-yasmin-alibhai-brown-writer-and-journalist/|date=17 February 2007|access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref> ery'enzikiriza y'Obusiraamu bw'Abashia,<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=The suffering of Shia Muslims is heartbreaking|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/the-suffering-of-shia-muslims-is-heartbreaking-537667.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/the-suffering-of-shia-muslims-is-heartbreaking-537667.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead|date=31 August 2003|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> era yeetwala ng'Omusiraamu Omushiya .<ref name="Alibhai-Brown">{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Wearing the burqa is neither Islamic nor socially acceptable|work=The Independent|location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-wearing-the-burqa-is-neither-islamic-nor-socially-acceptable-1743375.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-wearing-the-burqa-is-neither-islamic-nor-socially-acceptable-1743375.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|date=13 July 2009|access-date=28 June 2014}}</ref> Maama we yazaalibwa mu East Africa era kitaawe yasenguka okuva e Bungereza mu Buyindi mu myaka gya 1920.<ref name="golding">{{cite news|last=Golding|first=Rosalind|title=A Nest Egg – What's That Then?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2001/jan/21/observercashsection.theobserver18|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 January 2001|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu biwandiiko by’Olungereza mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1972, Alibhai-Brown yava mu Uganda n’agenda e Bungereza, wamu ne muwala wa muganda we, [[Farah Damji]], ng’ebula mbale [[Idi Amin]] agobe Ba Asia Abannayuganda, era n’amaliriza diguli eyookubiri mu by’obufirosoofo mu by’ebiwandiiko mu Linacre College, Oxford, University of Oxford, mu 1975.<ref name="cardiff" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okukola ng’omusomesa, naddala ng’ali n’abagwiira n’ababundabunda, yagenda mu by’amawulire ng’ali mu myaka gye egy’obukulu amakumi asatu.<ref name="chatterjee" /> Alibhai-Brown mufumbo ne Colin Brown, eyali ssentebe w’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga z’abakozesa mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’ensimbi, gwe yasisinkana mu 1988.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13209461.yasmin-alibhai-brown-lefty-liberal-anti-racist-feminist-muslim-inveterate-rule-breaker/|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown: a 'lefty-liberal, anti-racist, feminist Muslim' and inveterate rule-breaker|date=12 April 2015|newspaper=The Herald|first=Vicky|last=Allan}}</ref> Abafumbo bano balina omwana omuwala, ate Alibhai-Brown alina omwana ow’obulenzi okuva mu bufumbo bwe yalina emabega.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/yasmin-alibhai-brown-cookbook|title=A taste of my past|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 February 2009}}</ref> Alibhai-Brown yeeyogerako nga "omuntu wa mukono ogwa kkono akkiriza abantu okukola kye baagala, Omulwanirizi w'okubuusabuusa n'okusosola mu mawanga, ''Omukyala omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakakyala'', Omusiramu, Omu ku kitundu Omupakistani".<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhai-brown-jack-straw-is-right-to-ask-hard-questions-about-asian-men-2180318.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhai-brown-jack-straw-is-right-to-ask-hard-questions-about-asian-men-2180318.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=The Independent|title=Jack Straw is right to ask hard questions about Asian men|date=10 January 2011}}</ref> == Omulimu n’endowooza == Munnamawulire mu magazini ya ''New Statesman'' ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1980, Alibhai-Brown awaayo omuko buli wiiki mu ''The Independent'' .<ref>{{cite news|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown//|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown//|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref> Era awandiise mu lupapula lwa ''The Guardian'', ''The Observer'', ''The New York Times'', magazini ya ''Time'', ''Newsweek'', ne ''Daily Mail'',<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/yasmin-alibhai-brown |access-date=3 October 2022 |website=International Journalism Festival}}</ref> era alabiseeko ku pulogulaamu za ttivvi ezikwata ku nsonga eziriwo mu kiseera kino ''Dateline London'' ne ''The Wright Stuff'' . Alibhai-Brown awangudde engule mu by’amawulire, omuli Media Personality of the Year mu 2000 (eyaweebwa ekitongole kya Ethnic Multicultural Media Academy (EMMA)), George Orwell Prize for Political Journalism mu 2002, n’ekirabo kya EMMA Award for Journalism mu 2004.<ref name="cardiff" /> Alibhai-Brown yali munoonyereza mu Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), ekibiina ekinoonyereza ku New Labour, okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Shaping Interculturalism in Youthwork – Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=https://www.intercultural.ie/articles/yasmin-alibhai-brown/ |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=NYCI (National Youth Council of Ireland)}}</ref> Yakomya enkolagana ye n’ekibiina kya Labour Party olw’olutalo olwali mu Iraq mu 2003 n’ensonga endala, era n’awagira aba Liberal Democrats mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2005 ne 2010 .<ref name="alibhai-brown-vote">{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Vote Liberal Democrat, Get Left-wing Activists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3616630/Vote-Liberal-Democrat-get-Left-wing-activists.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=3 May 2005|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref><ref name="totalpolitics-20110505">{{cite news|url=http://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/157837/in-conversation-with-yasmin-alibhaibrown.thtml|title=In conversation with... Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|newspaper=Total Politics|date=5 May 2011|access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> Ye muyambi omukulu mu kunoonyereza mu Foreign Policy Center,<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Policy Centre: Staff |url=http://fpc.org.uk/staff/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711181840/http://fpc.org.uk/staff/ |archive-date=11 July 2009 |access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref> omu ku bantu abali mu kakiiko ak'ekitiibwa mu Liverpool John Moores University,<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio" /> era nga ye pulofeesa omugenyi ow'ekitiibwa mu Cardiff<ref name="cardiff" /> ne Lincoln<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio" /> University. Mu mpaka za New Year Honors 2001, Alibhai-Brown yalondebwa okubeera Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "olw'obuweereza eri bannamawulire". Mu 2003, Benjamin Zephaniah okugaana OBE mu lujjudde kyamuwaliriza okuzzaayo engule eno . Yawandiika nti okusalawo kwe kwali kukoleddwa ekitundu mu mwoyo ogweyongera ogw'obufuzi bwa repubulika ate ekitundu mu kwekalakaasa gavumenti ya Labour naddala engeri gye yatambuzaamu olutalo mu Iraq,<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Why I Have Decided to Give Back My Gong|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/why-i-have-decided-to-give-back-my-gong-585320.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/why-i-have-decided-to-give-back-my-gong-585320.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead|work=[[The Independent]]|date=1 December 2003|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> era okuva olwo azze avumirira enkola y' ebitiibwa mu Bungereza nti "kyonooneddwa nnyo ne kitasobola kuddamu kuddabirizibwa".<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=These Shameless Honours Dishonour Us All|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-these-shameless-honours-dishonour-us-all-404665.html|work=The Independent|date=19 June 2006|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> Mu 2005, yakola omuzannyo gwe ogw'omukazi omu ogw'obulamu bwe ogwa ''Tales of an Extravagant Stranger'' mu Soho Theatre, wansi w'obulabirizi bwa kampuni ya Royal Shakespeare.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/nowhere-to-belong-tales-of-an-extravagant-stranger-soho-theatre-london-527075.html|title=Nowhere to Belong: Tales of an Extravagant Stranger, Soho Theatre, London|first=Paul|last=Taylor|date=4 March 2005|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/story/tales-of-my-father-50335-2009-06-18|title=Tales of my father|newspaper=India Today|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|date=19 June 2009}}</ref> Mu 2006, ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa ekya British Muslims for Secular Democracy kyatandikibwawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BRITISH MUSLIMS FOR SECULAR DEMOCRACY |title=SUBMISSION BY BRITISH MUSLIMS FOR SECULAR DEMOCRACY: registered charity (no.1122730) |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/69566/html/#:~:text=British%20Muslims%20for%20Secular%20Democracy%20(BMSD)%3A,more%20obscurantist%20individuals%20and%20groups. |access-date=24 Oct 2024}}</ref> Omuwandiisi [[Imran Ahmad (writer)|Imran Ahmad]], eyali omulala ku kakiiko akaasooka, ajuliza Alibhai-Brown ng’omutandisi w’ekibiina kino. Stephen Pollard yamulumiriza okusosola mu mawanga era n'ayita endowooza ze "embi ennyo" mu ''lupapula lwa The Jewish Chronicle'' mu Gwomukaaga 2008 oluvannyuma lw'okuyita abawagizi b'ekibiina kya Conservative Party abaddugavu n'aba Asia nti " Uncle Toms ".<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollard|first=Stephen|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown Is a Disgrace|url=http://www.thejc.com/node/9732|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624053309/http://www.thejc.com/node/9732|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2014|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 June 2008|access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2009, Luciana Berger, omubaka era mu kiseera ekyo dayirekita wa Labour Friends of Israel (LFI), yanenya Alibhai-Brown olw'okuwandiika mu mboozi ye nti: "Ebibiina byonna ebisatu byasanyusibwa nnyo aba Friends of Israel abaali basukkiridde obuyinza." Berger yagamba nti Alibhai-Brown teyali ku mukolo gwa LFI wadde okuwa obujulizi bwonna okunyweza ekigambo kye. Berger yagamba nti okusembeza abagenyi ("omwenge gw'omu nnyumba oba omubisi gw'emicungwa ne chips. Crisps n'entangawuuzi singa otuuka mu bbakuli mu budde") tezaali za kitiibwa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=14 October 2009 |title=Independent columnist slammed by LFI |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/20897/independent-columnist-slammed-lfi |access-date=24 September 2014 |work=The Jewish Chronicle |archive-date=14 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014235443/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/20897/independent-columnist-slammed-lfi |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2011, Alibhai-Brown yawandiika mu ''lupapula lwa The Independent'' nti Abasiraamu n'abalala balina okulekera awo okussa essira ku bikolwa ebikyamu byokka ebya Yisirayiri, n'agamba nti: "Ffe Abasiraamu naffe twetaaga okukkiriza emigugu gyaffe." Era yagamba nti: "Tekikyali kya bwenkanya mu mpisa bannakyewa okutunuulira Yisirayiri yokka ne babuusa amaaso oba ne bafuna ensonga z'abafuzi b'ekinnansi Abawalabu abalya enguzi, abatemu. Okulonda okw'ekika ekyo kutyoboola abakulembeze ba kampeyini abawagira Palestina era kutyoboola emisingi gy'okwenkanankana n'eddembe ly'obuntu." <ref name="Stop">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-stop-blaming-israel-for-every-grievance-in-the-middle-east-2277726.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-stop-blaming-israel-for-every-grievance-in-the-middle-east-2277726.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown: Stop blaming Israel for every grievance in the Middle East|work=The Independent|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|date=2 May 2011|access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref> Brown emabegako yavumirira abakola kampeyini z'amawanga amatono okulwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga okulemererwa okwogera ku bazungu abakoseddwa ebikolobero ebiva ku mawanga, nga kiraga nti baalina omusango gw'emitendera ebiri . Ng'alaga emisango ng'okuttibwa kwa Ross Parker, Alibhai-Brown yawandiika nti: "Empisa zaffe tezirina mugaso okuggyako nga bonna abakoseddwa okufa kuno okutaliimu makulu balina kyenkanyi", n'agattako "okutwala abamu abakoseddwa ng'abasaanira okuvumirira okusinga abalala tekisonyiyibwa era kulya mu nsi olukwe mu kulwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga kwennyini".<ref name="Evening Standard">{{cite news|last=Alibhai Brown|first=Yasmin|title=When the victim is white, does anyone care?|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-9282049/When-the-victim-is-white.html|access-date=28 July 2011|work=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 October 2006|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Independent1">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/black-racism-is-every-bit-as-bad-as-white-racism-596435.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131192554/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/black-racism-is-every-bit-as-bad-as-white-racism-596435.html|archive-date=31 January 2010|url-status=dead|location=London|work=The Independent|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|title=Black racism is every bit as bad as white racism|date=3 February 2003|access-date=28 July 2011}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2012, Alibhai-Brown yafuna ebbaluwa ey’emiko esatu etamanyiddwa mannya ng’egamba nti ng’omusindika yali muwala wa ssomero mu myaka gya 1970 ye (eyasindika atamanyiddwa mannya) yali atulugunyizibwa omukozi wa BBC omukugu Stuart Hall . Oluvannyuma lwa Alibhai-Brown okuyisa ebbaluwa eno ku poliisi, okunoonyereza kwatandikibwawo, okutuuka ku ntikko Hall n’akwatibwa n’aggulwako emisango mingi egy’okusobya ku mwana. Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, Hall yakkiriza omusango gw’okusobya ku bawala 13, okuva ku myaka mwenda okutuuka ku 17, mu kiseera kya 1967–86. Poliisi yasiima ebikolwa bya Alibhai-Brown bye byayamba nnyo okuleetawo okunoonyereza ku bulamu bwa Hall obwayita.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/how-i-exposed-stuart-halls-sex-abuse-yasmin-alibhaibrown-on-the-letter-that-kickstarted-the-investigation-8601517.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/how-i-exposed-stuart-halls-sex-abuse-yasmin-alibhaibrown-on-the-letter-that-kickstarted-the-investigation-8601517.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=How I exposed Stuart Hall's sex abuse: Yasmin Alibhai-Brown on the letter that kick-started the investigation|work=The Independent|date=3 May 2012|access-date=3 May 2013|author=Alibhai-Brown, Yasmin}}</ref> Mu 2016, Alibhai-Brown yawangula engule ya Columnist of the Year Broadsheet mu mpaka za British Press Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Magstar |title=Press Awards |url=http://www.pressawards.org.uk/page-view.php?pagename=winners-2016 |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=www.pressawards.org.uk |language=EN-GB}}</ref> Mu 2017, yafuna engule ya "Outstanding Contribution to Media Award" mu mpaka za Asian Media Awards, ezaaweebwa Sarfraz Manzoor.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2017 |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown presented with Outstanding Contribution to Media Award 2017 |url=https://www.asianmediaawards.com/yasmin-alibhai-brown-presented-outstanding-contribution-media-award-2017/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Asian Media Awards}}</ref> Alibhai-Brown yalondebwa okuba Fellow w'ekibiina kya Royal Society of Literature mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shaffi|first=Sarah|last2=Knight|first2=Lucy|date=2022-07-12|title=Adjoa Andoh, Russell T Davies and Michaela Coel elected to Royal Society of Literature|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/jul/12/adjoa-andoh-russell-t-davies-and-michaela-coel-elected-to-royal-society-of-literature|access-date=2023-06-23|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Londa ensengeka y’ebitabo == * ''Langi y’omukwano: Enkolagana y’amawanga agatabuddwa'' (ne Anne Montague) (1992). London: Virago . * ''Obusosoze mu mawanga (Endowooza)'', (ne Colin Brown) (1992). Hodder Wayland nga ye . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-85210-651-4|<bdi>1-85210-651-4</bdi>]] * ''Tewali Kifo Nga Awaka'' (1995). London: Virago . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-85381-642-6|<bdi>1-85381-642-6</bdi>]] * ''Langi Entuufu'' (1999). London: Ekitongole ekikola ku kunoonyereza ku nkola ya gavumenti . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-86030-083-9|<bdi>1-86030-083-9 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Tulowooza nti Tuli Ani? Okulowooza ku Bungereza Empya'' (2000). London: Ensolo ekika kya Penguin . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-14-025598-2|<bdi>0-14-025598-2</bdi>]] * ''Oluvannyuma lw’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo'' (2000). London: Ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga z’ebweru . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9535598-8-2|<bdi>0-9535598-8-2 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Enneewulira ezitabuliddwa: Obulamu Obuzibu obw’Abangereza ab’amawanga agatabuddwa'' (2001). London: Ekitongole ky’amawulire eky’abakyala . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7043-4706-7|<bdi>0-7043-4706-7 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Abamu ku mikwano gyange egy’oku lusegere Be...'' (2004). London: Ekitongole kya Politico . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-84275-107-7|<bdi>1-84275-107-7 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Ekitabo ky’okufumba ky’omusenze: Ekijjukizo ky’omukwano, okusenguka n’emmere'' (2008). Ebitabo bya Portobello . Ekitabo ekipya (2010) Ebitabo bya Granta . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1846270840|<bdi>978-1846270840 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Okugaana Okubikka'' (2014). Ekitongole ky'okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback . * ''Bungereza ey’enjawulo; Okukola Eggwanga ery’okwegomba'' (2015). Ebitabo bya Portobello. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1846274190|<bdi>978-1846274190 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Mu Kulwanirira Obutuufu bw'Ebyobufuzi'' (2018). Ekitongole ky’okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1785904141|<bdi>978-1785904141 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Abakyala abakuba ebikonde: Abakyala ataano abakulembeze nga emboozi zaabwe olina okumanya'' (2020). Ekitongole ky’okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1785904769|<bdi>978-1785904769 ku ssimu</bdi>]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.independent.co.uk/author/yasmin-alibhai-brown Empagi] ku lupapula lwa ''The Independent'' * [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/yasminalibhaibrown Etterekero ly’empagi ku lupapula] lwa ''The Guardian'' * [https://www.newstatesman.com/author/yasmin-alibhai-brown Yasmin Alibhai-Brown mu] firimu ya ''New Statesman'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160916060539/http://journalisted.com/yasmin-alibhaibrown Emiko gyafulumizza] ku Journalisted * Yasmin Alibhai-Brown [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Omuzannyo gw'Ebikonde mu Uganda]] 9x5yq6osyx9aol91wowujjd4wkf76ra 54 (ennamba) 0 13932 78203 53340 2026-11-08T11:08:55Z Ziv 9592 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Go 54.png]] → [[File:Go 54.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 78203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''54''' ('''ataano mu nnya''') namba, wakati wa [[53 (ennamba)|53]] ne 55. [[File:Number_54.png|thumb|nnamba 54]] [[File:Go 54.svg|thumb|nnamba 54]] [[Category:Ennamba]] oayipzp2ifa3whuh4xyrt5b9v6v5bkj Tito Okello (muzannyi wa mupiira) 0 14015 78197 72494 2026-11-08T01:53:57Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78197 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tito Odong Okello Lazarus''' (yazaalibwa 7 Ogwolubereberye 1996) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]] azannya nga omuwereza mu kiraabu ya Libya Premier League [[Libyan Stadium SC|Libya Stadium SC]]. Yazaalibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era azannyira ttiimu y'eggwanga eya South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |title=Tito, Three Other Familiar Faces In South Sudan Squad For Cranes Encounter |url=https://the-sportsnation.com/2020/09/09/tito-three-other-familiar-faces-in-south-sudan-squad-for-cranes-encounter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011190804/https://the-sportsnation.com/2020/09/09/tito-three-other-familiar-faces-in-south-sudan-squad-for-cranes-encounter/ |archive-date=11 October 2020 |accessdate=11 October 2020 |website=The Sports Nation}}</ref> == Emirimu ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna == Okello yasooka kuzannya mu ttiimu y'eggwanga eya South Sudan nga 10 Ogwekkumi 2020 ne Cameroon B.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |title=Tito, Three Other Familiar Faces In South Sudan Squad For Cranes Encounter |url=https://the-sportsnation.com/2020/09/09/tito-three-other-familiar-faces-in-south-sudan-squad-for-cranes-encounter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011190804/https://the-sportsnation.com/2020/09/09/tito-three-other-familiar-faces-in-south-sudan-squad-for-cranes-encounter/ |archive-date=11 October 2020 |accessdate=11 October 2020 |website=The Sports Nation}}</ref> == Ebiruubirirwa by’ensi yonna == : ''Scores and results list South Sudan's goal tally first'' {| class="wikitable" !Nedda. ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | 16 Noovemba 2020 | Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Nyayo, Nairobi, Kenya | Uganda | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 1–0 | Okusunsulamu abasunsuddwa mu mpaka za Afrika eza 2021 |- | 2. 2. . | rowspan="2" | 23 Omwezi gwokusatu 2022 | rowspan="2" | Ekisaawe kya Borg El Arab, Borg El Arab, Misiri | rowspan="2" | Djibouti | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 4–2 | rowspan="2" | Okusunsulamu abalizannya mu mpaka za Afrika eza 2023 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | '''3''' –1 |- | 4. 4. . | 23 Omwezi gwokusatu 2023 | Ekisaawe Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville, Congo | Congo | align="center" | '''2''' –1 | align="center" | 2–1 | Okusunsulamu abalizannya mu mpaka za Afrika eza 2023 |- | 5. 5. . | 12 Ssebutemba 2023 | Ekifo ky'emizannyo eky'ensi yonna ekya Moi, Nairobi, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 1–0 | Wa mukwaano |- | 6. 6. . | 10 Ssebutemba 2024 | Ekisaawe kya Juba, Juba, South Sudan | South Afrika | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 2–3 | Okusunsulamu abasunsuddwa mu mpaka za Afrika eza 2025 |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * {{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=5 January 2020 |title=I am targeting 10 goals this term, says Mbeya Citys' striker Okello |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/01/05/targeting-10-goals-term-says-mbeya-citys-striker-okello/ |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Kawowo Sports}} * {{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Tom |date=2 June 2020 |title=Tito Okello: I have always wanted to play like Ronaldinho |url=https://thetouchlinesports.com/tito-okello-i-have-always-wanted-to-play-like-ronaldinho/ |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=TheTouchline Sports}} [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 4pi3jdzp4ne9g8sk0sa00hkov13qp1o Atuheire Kipson, musambi wa mupiira 0 14163 78144 72493 2026-11-07T23:56:59Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78144 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Atuheire Kipson''' (yazaalibwa 8 Ogwomunaana August 1991) yali [[:en:Association_football|musambi wa mupiira]] gw'ensimbi eyasemba okuzannya ng'[[:en:Forward_(association_football)#Striker|omuteebi]] mu [[:en:Life_FC|bulamu]] bwe mu [[:en:Cambodian_Premier_League|Liigi y'e Cambondia ey'okuntikko]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atuheire%5FKipson</ref> Yazaalibwa mu Uganda, naye yazannyira [[:en:Rwanda_national_football_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga y'e Rwanda.]] == Bw'azannye ku ttiimu == === Ennaku ze mu Rwanda ne Uganda === Yazaalibwa [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, Kipson yagenda e [[:en:Rwanda|Rwanda]] n'atandika okuzannya omupiira gw'ensimbi ku ttiimu ya [[:en:A.S._Kigali|A.S. Kigali]] mu 2008. wakati wa 2009 ne 2010, yassa omukono ku ndagaano okuvannyira ezimu ku ttiimu zi bbingwa eza Uganda [[:en:SC_Villa|SC Villa Kampala]] mu Liigi ya Uganda ey'okuntikko . Ng'ali ne SC Villa, yawangula [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Uganda Cup]] mu 2009. Kyali kikopo kye eky'omuzinzi kye yasooka okuwangula ng'azannya ogw'ensimbi olwo ne yeegatta ku ttiimu ya [[:en:APR_F.C.|Armée Patriotique Rwandaise Football Club]] mu Rwanda nate. eno mu APR, yawangula Liigi ya Rwanda ey'okuntikko emirundi ebiri mu 2010 ne 20211. Mu 2012, yeegatta ku [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] era baakwata kya kubiri mu Liigi y'eggwanga Uganda. Kipson era yazannyira ttiimu nga [[:en:Police_F.C._(Rwanda)|Rwanda Police FC]] ne [[:en:Musanze_F.C.|Musanze F.C.]] bwe yali tannayabulira Africa. === Cambodia === Yagenda e [[:en:Cambodia|Cambodia]] mu 2015 ne yeegatta ku [[:en:Preah_Khan_Reach_Svay_Rieng_FC|Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng FC]], gye yawangula nayo [[:en:Hun_Sen_Cup|ekikopo kya Hun Sen]] mu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Team - Svay Rieng Football Club |url=http://svayriengfc.com/?page=first_team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112235452/http://www.svayriengfc.com/?page=first_team |archive-date=12 November 2016 |access-date=17 February 2017 |website=Svay Rieng FC official website}}</ref> Era yali mu ttiimu ya Svay Rieng mu ttiimu eyakwata eky'okubiri [[:en:2016_Hun_Sen_Cup|mu kikopo kya Hun Sen mu 2016]] . Mu sizoni ya 2015 ne 2016 ne Svay Rieng, yateeba ggoolo 24. Kipson era yatuuka ku buwanguzi n'ettutumu mu kiseera kye yamala mu kiraabu endala eya Cambodia [[:en:Nagaworld_FC|Nagaworld FC]] . Yazannya emipiira 23 egya [[:en:Cambodian_Premier_League|Liigi ya Cambondia ey'okuntikko]] n’ateeba ggoolo 28 mu 2017. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu ttiimu ya Malaysia [[:en:UKM_F.C.|UKM FC]] kyokka n’akomawo mu [[:en:Nagaworld_FC|Nagaworld FC]] mu 2019. Kipson ne Nagaworld, yamalira ng’ekwata eky'okubiri mu [[:en:2017_Hun_Sen_Cup|2017 Hun Sen Cup]] ne [[:en:2017_Hun_Sen_Cup|2019 C-Liigi]] . Nga 20 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2017, Kipson yateeba ggoolo ssatu omulundi gumu ogwasookera ddala mu Nagaworld FC nga battunka ne Asia Europe United mu Liigi ya C. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2017 |title=Kipson nets three for Naga |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/91254/kipson-nets-three-naga/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421170236/https://www.khmertimeskh.com/91254/kipson-nets-three-naga/ |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=khmertimeskh.com}}</ref> Ne [[:en:Nagaworld_FC|Nagaworld]] mu sizoni ya 2019–2020, yateeba ggoolo 22 mu mipiira 23 egya liigi. Mu [[:en:2019_AFC_Cup|2019 AFC Cup]], Kipson yalabikira [[:en:Nagaworld_FC|Nagaworld FC]] mu mipiira 6 egy’ekibinja-F. Mu mpaka ezo, yateeba ggoolo 2 mu mupiira gwe yazannya ne [[:en:Yangon_United_FC|Yangon United FC]] . Yafuna ettutumu olw’obusobozi bwe obw’okuteeba ggoolo obutasalako mu kiraabu zombi eza Cambodia Nagaworld FC ne Svay Rieng FC wakati wa 2015 ne 2020. === India === Mu 10 Ogwokubiri 2020, Kipson yakola endagaano ne ttiimu ya Buyindi eya [[:en:I-League|I-League]] [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala FC]] . Yasooka mu ttiimu ya Malabarians nga 12 Ogwokubiri nga battunka ne [[:en:Chennai_City_FC|Chennai City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2020 |title=I-League: Marcus Joseph's solitary goal downs Chennai City |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennai-city-vs-gokulam-kerala-ileague-report-marcus-joseph-indian-football/article30803223.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213182743/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennai-city-vs-gokulam-kerala-ileague-report-marcus-joseph-indian-football/article30803223.ece/amp/ |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Sportstar.TheHindu}}</ref> Yalabikira mu mipiira gya liigi 5 gyokka gye bali era oluvannyuma ttiimu n’eyimbulwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=I-League 2019-20: NEROCA FC Edge Past Gokulam Kerala |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-i-league-2019-20-neroca-fc-edge-past-gokulam-kerala/347663 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421170300/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-i-league-2019-20-neroca-fc-edge-past-gokulam-kerala/347663 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Former APR striker Atuhaire signs for Ugandan side Wakiso Giants |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/former-apr-striker-atuhaire-signs-ugandan-side-wakiso-giants |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112224436/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/former-apr-striker-atuhaire-signs-ugandan-side-wakiso-giants |archive-date=12 January 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=New Times Rwanda}}</ref> Ye ng’ali wamu n’abagwira abalala ab’e Gokulam Kerala yasibira mu Buyindi olw’omuggalo gw’eggwanga lyonna wakati mu ssenyiga wa Coronavirus okumala ennaku bbiri nga tannalinnya nnyonyi okugenda e Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian football: Foreign players of I-League clubs who are still in India |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-foreign-players-i-league-stuck-coronavirus/1k6ksguy800yu1fdunk6yhqs6f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628133737/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-foreign-players-i-league-stuck-coronavirus/1k6ksguy800yu1fdunk6yhqs6f |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> === Yakomawo e Uganda === Kipson oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwe yafuna mu Cambodia n’ennaku z’ataafuna buwanguzi mu Buyindi olw’ekirwadde kya ssennyiga omukambwe (2020 I-League yasazibwamu), yakomawo mu Uganda okwegatta ku ttiimu ya [[:en:Wakiso_Giants_FC|Wakiso Giants FC]] . <ref>[https://chimpreports.com/rwandan-striker-kipson-atuhaire-joins-wakiso-giants/ rwandan-striker-kipson-atuhaire-joins-wakiso-giants] ''chimpreports.com''. </ref> Kipson lwe yasooka okuzannya yateebera Wakiso Giants bwe yali ewangula [[:en:Mbarara_City_FC|Mbarara City FC]] ne bafuna obuwanguzi bwabwe obwasooka mu Sizoni eyo. Eyali ssita wa SC Villa ye yateeba ggoolo y'obuwanguzi mu kitundu eky'okubiri Mbarara City yasubwa ppeneti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=Kipson Atuheire gets Wakiso Giants off the mark |url=https://kawowo.com/2021/02/12/kipson-atuheire-gets-wakiso-giants-off-the-mark/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222030633/https://kawowo.com/2021/02/12/kipson-atuheire-gets-wakiso-giants-off-the-mark/ |archive-date=22 February 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=kawowo.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kipson Atuhaire |url=https://www.scoreboard.com/player/atuhaire-kipson/2B6bweui/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421170818/https://www.livesport.com/player/atuhaire-kipson/2B6bweui/ |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Scoreboard.com}}</ref> == Ku ttiimu y'eggwanga == Kipson yakiikirira [[:en:Rwanda_national_football_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Rwanda]] emirundi 5 mu 2010. Yasooka kuzannya nga 9 Ogwekkumi ne [[:en:Benin_national_football_team|Benin]] mu mupiira gwe baawangula ggoolo 3-0 mu [[:en:2012_African_Cup_of_Nations|mpaka za Afrika eza 2012]] . <ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe417439/kipson-atuheire/international-matches/ Kipson Atuheire » Internationals] ''worldfootball.net''. </ref> Oluvannyuma yalabikira mu mupiira gw'omukwano ne [[:en:Malawi_national_football_team|Malawi]] . Era yakiikirira Rwanda mu [[:en:2010_CECAFA_Cup|mpaka za CECAFA eza 2010]] e [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], <ref>[http://www.supersport.com/football/africa/news/100907/Tanzania_Mainland_to_host_Cecafa_Cup Tanzania_Mainland_to_host_Cecafa_Cup] ''supersport.com''. </ref> gye yazannyira emipiira esatu okutuusa Rwanda lwe yakubwa [[:en:Tanzania_national_football_team|Tanzania]] ku Quarter-finals. == Ebitiibwa == '''SC Villa Kampala''' * [[:en:Uganda_Cup|Uganda Cup]]: 2009 '''Armée Patriotique Rwandaise''' * [[:en:Rwanda_Premier_League|Rwanda Premier League]]: 2010, 2011 '''Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng''' * [[:en:Hun_Sen_Cup|Hun Sen Cup]]: [[:en:2015_Hun_Sen_Cup|2015]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hun Sen Cup 2015 Cambodia football |url=http://www.cambodianfootball.com/hun-sen-cup-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002174033/http://www.cambodianfootball.com/hun-sen-cup-2015/ |archive-date=2 October 2017 |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> [[:en:2016_Hun_Sen_Cup|2016]] '''NagaWorld''' * [[:en:Cambodian_Premier_League|Liigi ya Cambodian ey'okuntikko]]: [[:en:2019_C-League|2019]] * [[:en:Hun_Sen_Cup|Hun Sen Cup]]: [[:en:2017_Hun_Sen_Cup|2017]]<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2017 |title=cambodia-2017-hun-sen-cup-final |url=http://refereesfifa.blogspot.fr/2017/12/cambodia-2017-hun-sen-cup-final.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106181530/http://refereesfifa.blogspot.fr/2017/12/cambodia-2017-hun-sen-cup-final.html |archive-date=6 January 2018 |access-date=14 March 2021 |publisher=refereesfifa.blogspot.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hun Sen Cup 2017 Final stages |url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/cambodia/hun-sen-cup/2017/s13016/final-stages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410030537/https://int.soccerway.com/national/cambodia/hun-sen-cup/2017/s13016/final-stages/ |archive-date=10 April 2022 |access-date=14 March 2021 |publisher=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> '''Obulamu''' * [[:en:Cambodian_League_2|Liigi ya Cambodian ey'okubiri]]: [[:en:2023–24_Cambodian_League_2|2023-24]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [[:en:Atuheire_Kipson|Atuheire Kipson]] ku ttiimu y'eggwanga {{DEFAULTSORT:Kipson, Atuheire}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 6823te2ap9nbenbkr04rgyf0t5mlmhg Henry Kisekka 0 14184 78165 72632 2026-11-08T00:47:45Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{updated|11 March 2023}}<ref>{{Soccerway|henry-kiseka/171681}}</ref>{{updated|matches played till 12 December 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41000/Henry_Kisekka.html|title=Henry Kisekka|website=national-football-teams.com|access-date=17 June 2022|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127191648/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41000/Henry_Kisekka.html|url-status=live}}</ref>'''Henry Kisekka''' (yazaalibwa 31 Ogwomunaana1989) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]] [[Yuganda|mu Uganda]] ow'ekikugu era azannya nga [[:en:Forward_(association_football)|muteebi]] . == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Yatwalibwa ng’eky’obugagga ekikulu eri layini ya [[:en:Dong_Nai_F.C.|Dong Nai]] ey’okulumba mu [[:en:2012_Vietnamese_National_Football_First_League|2012]],<ref name="dnrtv.org.vn" /> yateeba ggoolo 11, n’ayamba ttiimu ye okutuuka ku ntikko.<ref name="dnrtv.org.vn" /> Nga wayiseewo ekiseera kitono, yafuna omulanga okulinnya ku ttiimu ya [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Uganda]] nga beetegekera [[:en:2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CAF)|lawundi z'okusunsulamu abalyetaba mu mpaka za FIFA World Cup 2014]] .<ref name="dnrtv.org.vn">This reference is used 3 times on this page.</ref><ref name="nld">{{Cite web |date=24 May 2013 |title=Lên tuyển Uganda nhờ đá hay ở V-League |url=http://nld.com.vn/the-thao/len-tuyen-uganda-nho-da-hay-o-v-league-20130524104947914.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021738/https://nld.com.vn/the-thao/len-tuyen-uganda-nho-da-hay-o-v-league-20130524104947914.htm |archive-date=13 February 2018 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=nld.com.vn}}</ref> [[:en:Binh_Duong_F.C.|Binh Duong FC]] yasazaamu endagaano ya Henry Kisekka mu 2016.<ref name="motthegioi">{{Cite web |title=B.Bình Dương thanh lý hợp đồng với Henry Kisekka và Han Seung Yeop - Một Thế Giới |url=http://motthegioi.vn/the-thao-c-71/bong-da-c-116/bbinh-duong-thanh-ly-hop-dong-voi-henry-kisekka-va-han-seung-yeop-31262.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165341/http://motthegioi.vn/the-thao-c-71/bong-da-c-116/bbinh-duong-thanh-ly-hop-dong-voi-henry-kisekka-va-han-seung-yeop-31262.html |archive-date=17 March 2018 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=motthegioi.vn}}</ref> Okumala lawundi mukaaga, teyateeba ggoolo wabula lawundi 9 we yatuukira ng’akubye ggoolo 4, ekyamufuula ow’omunaana mu kuteeba ggoolo mu [[:en:V.League_(Vietnam)|V.League]] mu kiseera ekyo. Kino kyamuwa amaanyi okuteeba endala ttaano, n’ayongera ku ggoolo 9 [[:en:2014_V.League_1|sizoni]] we yaggweerako . <ref name="baoquangnam">{{Cite web |title=Kisekka Henry: không còn là "chân gỗ"! - Báo Quảng Nam Online |url=http://baoquangnam.vn/the-thao-giai-tri/201403/kisekka-henry-khong-con-la-chan-go-467917/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916183449/http://baoquangnam.vn/the-thao-giai-tri/201403/kisekka-henry-khong-con-la-chan-go-467917/ |archive-date=16 September 2017 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=baoquangnam.vn}}</ref> Yateeba ggoolo emu yokka mu [[:en:Quang_Nam_F.C.|Quang Nam]] mu [[:en:2015_V.League_1|2015]], obusaanyi bwe mu maaso ga ggoolo bwamuwaliriza okudda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] ng’anoonya kiraabu. <ref name="baodongnai.com">{{Cite web |title=Henry quay về Đồng Nai? - Báo Đồng Nai điện tử |url=http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/thethao/201505/henry-quay-ve-dong-nai-2384606/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722112533/http://baodongnai.com.vn/thethao/201505/henry-quay-ve-dong-nai-2384606/ |archive-date=22 July 2015 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=baodongnai.com.vn}}</ref> Ekimu ku by’asobola okuzannya ye [[:en:Dong_Nai_F.C.|Dong Nai FC]] <ref name="baodongnai.com" /> gye yakyusa mu gwomukaaga 2015. === Gokulam Kerala === Mu gwokubiri 2018, Kisekka yeegatta ku kiraabu [[:en:I-League|ya I-League]] [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] ng’adda mu bigere by’Omunigeria [[:en:Odafa_Onyeka_Okolie|Odafa Okolie]], okutuusa sizoni lwe yaggwaako. <ref>"Exclusive: Gokulam Kerala boost squad with another Ugandan". ''khelnow.com''. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=9 Keralites in Gokulam Kerala FC squad for Durand Cup |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/9-keralites-in-gokulam-kerala-fc-squad-for-durand-cup-1.4022340 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815180958/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/9-keralites-in-gokulam-kerala-fc-squad-for-durand-cup-1.4022340 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=english.mathrubhumi.com |publisher=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> Nga 4 Ogwokubiri, yasooka mu ttiimu eno mu kukubwa ggoolo 1-0 ku bugenyi, ne [[:en:NEROCA_FC|NEROCA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2018 |title=I-League: Kallon's strike helps Neroca beat Gokulam Kerala 1-0, go top of the table |url=https://scroll.in/field/867513/i-league-kallons-strike-helps-neroca-beat-gokulam-kerala-1-0-go-top-of-the-table |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131826/https://scroll.in/field/867513/i-league-kallons-strike-helps-neroca-beat-gokulam-kerala-1-0-go-top-of-the-table |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2018 |title=NEROCA 1 – 0 Gokulam Kerala |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/04/india/i-league/neroca/gokulam/2684024/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131559/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/04/india/i-league/neroca/gokulam/2684024/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Yateeba ggoolo ye esooka mu mupiira ogwaddako oluvannyuma lw'ennaku nnya, mu ddakiika ey'e 90 n'alungamya ttiimu ye okutuuka ku buwanguzi ku [[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Mohun Bagan]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=I-League 2017-18: Mohun Bagan 1-2 Gokulam Kerala - Kisseka strike seals Malabarian masterclass over Mariners |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ae/match/mohun-bagan-ii-v-gokulam-kerala/bxouxhbcahw8hlpnzjv0keh62 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131826/https://www.goal.com/en-ae/match/mohun-bagan-ii-v-gokulam-kerala/bxouxhbcahw8hlpnzjv0keh62 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=Mohun Bagan 1 – 2 Gokulam Kerala |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/12/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/gokulam/2684031/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131826/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/12/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/gokulam/2684031/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Yateeba volley eyawuniikiriza oluvannyuma lw’okukwata kwe okw’amagezi munda mu bbokisi okumuwa obudde n’ekifo okukuba. Nga 15 ogwokusatu, Kisekka yateeba ggoolo ya buwale ku [[:en:NorthEast_United_FC|NorthEast United]] mu [[:en:2018_Indian_Super_Cup#Qualification_round|luzannya olw’okusunsulamu]] mu [[:en:Super_Cup_(India)|Super Cup]], mu buwanguzi bwa ggoolo 2-0 era n’ayamba ttiimu ye okuyingira [[:en:2018_Indian_Super_Cup#Round_of_16|lawundi ya 16]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2018 |title=Super Cup 2018: Henry Kisekka's twin strikes send Gokulam Kerala through |url=https://www.goal.com/en-om/match/northeast-united-v-gokulam/cci2u2xo8rtom6j95c6aogfhm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131559/https://www.goal.com/en-om/match/northeast-united-v-gokulam/cci2u2xo8rtom6j95c6aogfhm |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.in}}</ref> Nga 1 Ogwokuna , yaddamu okuteeba mu [[:en:2018_Indian_Super_Cup#Round_of_16|lawundi]] eyaddako kyokka mu nsonga eyafiirwa nga ggoolo eyabadde ekeeredde n’essaako akabonero ku buwanguzi obw’ekitalo eri [[:en:Bengaluru_FC|Bengaluru]] n’ekuba [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] okuva mu mpaka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2018 |title=Super Cup 2018: Bengaluru FC 2-1 Gokulam Kerala - Miku bails out Bengaluru |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/bengaluru-v-gokulam/2mnhqx4kthzfzp18m5fl3mjca |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618131826/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/bengaluru-v-gokulam/2mnhqx4kthzfzp18m5fl3mjca |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.in}}</ref> Kisekka yamaliriza sizoni eno n'ateeba ggoolo,musanvu mu mupiira mwenda.mu mpaka zonna .Ebbanga lye yamala mu kiseera ekitono mu [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Bamalabarians]] lyabadde lya ssanyu eri abawagizi n’okutendereza. Yakwatagana bulungi ne [[:en:Mahmood_Al-Ajmi|Mahmood Al-Ajmi]] ne munnansi munne [[Musa Mudde]] okuwa ggoolo ku silhouette y’okulumba eyalabise ng’etta sizoni yonna. Mu gwomusanvu wa 2018, Kisekka yakyusa n’agenda mu kiraabu munne eya liigi [[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Mohun Bagan]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2018 |title=Mohun Bagan rope in Gokulam Kerala striker Henry Kisekka |url=https://khelnow.com/football/super-cup-i-league-2018-mohun-bagan-sign-henry-kisekka |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618141433/https://khelnow.com/football/super-cup-i-league-2018-mohun-bagan-sign-henry-kisekka |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=khelnow.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Soham |date=28 August 2018 |title=CFL 2018: Mohun Bagan face stern test against Aryan before Kolkata Derby |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/cfl-2018-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby-aryan/5algw6jklv871wb5axm85y7hx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209110749/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/cfl-2018-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby-aryan/5algw6jklv871wb5axm85y7hx |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwekkumi, yazannya omupiira gwe ogwasooka mu kiraabu eno mu maliri1-1 n'eyali kiraabu [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] . Yateebye ku mupiira gwe ogwasoose oluvannyumalw'okukuba omumu mupiira ogwaguddewo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2018 |title=I-League 2018-19: Mohun Bagan and Gokulam Kerala share the spoils in season opener |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ph/match/gokulam-kerala-v-mohun-bagan-ii/3tgf156ubv0qahsyp62rennu2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618141433/https://www.goal.com/en-ph/match/gokulam-kerala-v-mohun-bagan-ii/3tgf156ubv0qahsyp62rennu2 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2018 |title=Gokulam Kerala 1 – 1 Mohun Bagan |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/10/27/india/i-league/gokulam/mohun-bagan-ac/2928129/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618141433/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/10/27/india/i-league/gokulam/mohun-bagan-ac/2928129/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Mu gwokusatu gwa 2019, Kisekka yayimbulwa okuva mu [[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Mohun Bagan]] oluvannyuma lw’okufuna sizoni gye yeerabira era kiraabu eno yafuna [[:en:2018–19_I-League|sizoni ya liigi]] esinga obubi mu myaka egisukka mu kkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=I-League 2018-19: Mohun Bagan to part ways with Henry Kisekka and Omar Elhusseiny |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2018-19-mohun-bagan-henry-kisekka-omar-elhusseiny/e3105sfp0jjm1o246l2sv2pca |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618141434/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2018-19-mohun-bagan-henry-kisekka-omar-elhusseiny/e3105sfp0jjm1o246l2sv2pca |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2019 |title=Indian Football 2018/19 Season Review: Mohun Bagan |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-2018-19-season-review-mohun-bagan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807075214/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-2018-19-season-review-mohun-bagan |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=khelnow.com}}</ref> Mu gwomusanvu wa 2019, Kisekka yakola endagaano n’eyali kiraabu ye eya [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] oluvannyuma lw’okumala omwaka mulamba mu [[:en:Kolkata|Kolkata]] ne [[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Mohun Bagan]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Indian Football Transfers: Gokulam Kerala front runners to sign Mohun Bagan's Henry Kisekka |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-transfers-mohun-bagan-henry-kisekka-all-set-to-sign-for-gokulam-kerala-exclusive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618174157/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-transfers-mohun-bagan-henry-kisekka-all-set-to-sign-for-gokulam-kerala-exclusive |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref> Nga 8 Ogwomunaana, yateeba ku mupiira gwe ogwasooka mu sizoni eno mu buwanguzi obw'amaanyi bwe yawangula [[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Chennaiyin B]] ggoolo 4-0 mu [[:en:2019_Durand_Cup|Durand Cup]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Durand Cup: Chennaiyin FC B Suffer Heavy Defeat Against Gokulam Kerala |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-durand-cup-chennaiyin-fc-b-suffer-heavy-defeat-against-gokulam-kerala/335832 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618174157/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-durand-cup-chennaiyin-fc-b-suffer-heavy-defeat-against-gokulam-kerala/335832 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=outlookindia.com}}</ref> Yakola kinene nnyo mu kukola omukwano ogw'amaanyi ne ssita [[:en:Marcus_Joseph|Marcus Joseph . Gokulam Kerala]] yagenda mu maaso n’ekwata [[:en:2019_Durand_Cup|ekikopo kya Durand]] n’oluvannyuma n’agoberera [[:en:2019_Sheikh_Kamal_International_Club_Cup#Knockout_stage|n’amalira ku semi]] mu mpaka za [[:en:Sheikh_Kamal_International_Club_Cup|Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup]] e [[:en:Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], gye yateebye ggoolo nnya mu mipiira egy’enkanankana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2019 |title=Durand Cup 2019: Marcus Joseph brace downs Mohun Bagan, lands Gokulam Kerala title |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/durand-cup-2019-mohun-bagan-gokulam-kerala-report-marcus/1k9tf04gpwd9c1tf3wx8hle51r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618174158/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/durand-cup-2019-mohun-bagan-gokulam-kerala-report-marcus/1k9tf04gpwd9c1tf3wx8hle51r |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=Sheikh Kamal Cup semifinals: Gokulam goes down in five-goal thriller |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/sheikh-kamal-cup-2019-gokulam-kerala-chittagong-abahani-semifinals-kisekka-marcus-joseph-indian-football/article29815923.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123150452/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/sheikh-kamal-cup-2019-gokulam-kerala-chittagong-abahani-semifinals-kisekka-marcus-joseph-indian-football/article29815923.ece |archive-date=23 January 2021 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2019 |title=Henry Kisekka: It was very important for us to win the Durand Cup |url=https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2019-20-gokulam-kerala-henry-kisekka-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618174157/https://khelnow.com/football/i-league-2019-20-gokulam-kerala-henry-kisekka-interview |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=khelnow.com}}</ref> Nga 30 Ogwokkuminoogumu, yateeba ku mupiira gwe ogwasooka [[:en:2019–20_I-League|mu I-League]] ng’adda ku [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] mu buwanguzi bwa [[:en:NEROCA_FC|NEROCA]] ggoolo 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Gokulam stun NEROCA FC in opener |url=https://www.gokulamkeralafc.com/gokulam-stun-neroca-fc-in-opener/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206010302/http://gokulamkeralafc.com/gokulam-stun-neroca-fc-in-opener/ |archive-date=6 December 2019 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=gokulamkeralafc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Gokulam Kerala 2 – 1 NEROCA |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/11/30/india/i-league/gokulam/neroca/3183688/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618174157/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/11/30/india/i-league/gokulam/neroca/3183688/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Yateeba ggoolo ttaano mu [[:en:2019–20_I-League|sizoni ya liigi]] eyayimirizibwa wakati olw'ekirwadde [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_India|kya COVID-19 mu Buyindi]] . === Omusamize === Nga 6 Ogwokuna 2022, kyalangirirwa nti kiraabu ya [[:en:I-League|I-League]] [[:en:Mohammedan_SC_(Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] emalirizza okugula Kisekka okuva mu ttiimu ya wano e Kolkata eya [[:en:Bhawanipore_FC|Bhawanipore]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=The green-maroon trembling striker is now in Mohammedan! |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/mohammedan-sc-roped-in-former-mohun-bagan-star-henry-kisekka-for-the-upcoming-season-428886/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406135711/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/mohammedan-sc-roped-in-former-mohun-bagan-star-henry-kisekka-for-the-upcoming-season-428886/ |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=bengali.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Mohammedan SC have roped in forward Henry Kisekka for the remainder of the season |url=https://twitter.com/MohammedanSC/status/1511649155365498880 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407025440/https://twitter.com/mohammedansc/status/1511649155365498880 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Nga 30 Ogwokuna, yateeba ggoolo ye esooka mu ''Black Panthers'' nga battunka ne [[:en:NEROCA_FC|NEROCA]] . Mu bwakapiteeni bwa [[:en:Nikola_Stojanović_(footballer,_born_1995)|Nikola Stojanović]], ttiimu ye omulundi gwe ogwasooka, yadduka ku ngule ya liigi y’eggwanga eyasooka mu [[:en:2021–22_I-League|sizoni ya 2021–22 I-League]], kyokka n’emalira mu kyakubiri oluvannyuma lw’okukubwa [[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] ggoolo 2-1 ku nkomerero.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TEAM SPORTSTAR |first=21:22 IST |date=14 May 2022 |title=Gokulam Kerala 2-1 Mohammedan SC Highlights: GKFC becomes 1st club in 15 years to defend the I-League |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514160659/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref> === Aizawl === Nga 21 Ogwomwenda, nga sizoni ya I-League ya 2022–23 tennatandika, [[:en:Aizawl_FC|Aizawl]] yalangiridde okugula Kisekka.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220922055910/https://mobile.twitter.com/AizawlFC/status/1572606858107686912</ref> Yasooka mu kiraabu eno nga 15 November ne [[:en:TRAU_FC|TRAU]] mu maliri ga ggoolo 1-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media Team |first=AIFF |date=15 November 2022 |title=Aizawl, TRAU share spoils |url=https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115162525/https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/ |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=i-league.org |publisher=Hero [[I-League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=Aizawl TRAU share spoils 10-man Rajasthan prevail over Churchill Brothers |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2022/11/15/spd20-spo-foot-ld-ileague.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119074346/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2022/11/15/spd20-spo-foot-ld-ileague.html |archive-date=19 November 2022 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=theweek.in |publisher=The Week |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> === Kashmir entuufu === Mu gwokubiri gwa 2024, Kisekka yeegatta ku kiraabu endala eya I-League [[:en:Real_Kashmir_FC|Real Kashmir]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023–24 I-League Stats (Player profile) — Henry Kisekka — Real Kashmir FC |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/234223/henry-kisekka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219112343/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/234223/henry-kisekka |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=espn.in |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> == Ebibalo by’emirimu == === Kiraabu === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Hòa_Phát_Hà_Nội_FC|Hòa Phát Hà Nội]] |[[:en:2011_V-League|2011]] | rowspan="1" |[[:en:V.League_1|V.League 1]] |25 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |25 |8 |- | rowspan="3" |[[:en:Dong_Nai_FC|Dong Nai]] |[[:en:2012_Vietnamese_National_Football_First_League|2012]] | rowspan="1" |[[:en:V._League_2|V. League 2]] |? |11 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |? |11 |- |[[:en:2013_V-League|2013]] | rowspan="1" |V.League 1 |20 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Dong Nai total !? !18 !0 !0 !0 !0 !? !18 |- | rowspan="3" |[[:en:Quang_Nam_FC|Quang Nam]] |[[:en:2014_V.League_1|2014]] | rowspan="2" |V.League 1 |19 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |9 |- |[[:en:2015_V.League_1|2015]] |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Quang Nam total !30 !10 !0 !0 !0 !0 !30 !10 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Dong_Nai_FC|Dong Nai]] |[[:en:2016_V.League_1|2015]] | rowspan="4" |V.League 1 |14 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |6 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Becamex_Binh_Duong_FC|Binh Duong]] |[[:en:2016_V.League_1|2016]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |6[a] |0 |7 |0 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Long_An_FC|Long An]] |[[:en:2016_V.League_1|2016]] |9 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |5 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Can_Tho_FC|Can Tho]] |[[:en:2017_V.League_1|2017]] |15 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |15 |3 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] |[[:en:2017–18_I-League|2017–18]] | rowspan="6" |I-League |7 |4 |2[b] |3 | colspan="2" |— |9 |7 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Mohun_Bagan_AC|Mohun Bagan]] |[[:en:2018–19_Mohun_Bagan_AC_season|2018–19]] |19 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |5 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Gokulam_Kerala_FC|Gokulam Kerala]] |[[:en:2019–20_I-League|2019–20]] |15 |5 |7[c][d] |5 | colspan="2" |— |22 |10 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Mohammedan_SC_(Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] |[[:en:2021–22_I-League|2021–22]] |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- | rowspan="1" |[[:en:Aizawl_FC|Aizawl]] |[[:en:2022–23_I-League|2022–23]] |20 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |6 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !176 !71 !9 !8 !6 !0 !191 !79 |}  Okulabika mu AFC Champions Leage Okulabika mu Super Cup Okulabika mu Durand Cup Okulabika mu Sheika Kamal International Club Cup === Mawanga magatte === {{updated|matches played till 12 December 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41000/Henry_Kisekka.html|title=Henry Kisekka|website=national-football-teams.com|access-date=17 June 2022|archive-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127191648/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41000/Henry_Kisekka.html|url-status=live}}</ref>Nga emipiira we gyazannyirwa mpaka 12 ogwekkuminebiri 2010 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Ttiimu y'eggwanga ! Omwaka ! Apps ! Goolo |- | rowspan="1" | [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Uganda]] | 2010 | 3. 3. | 2. 2. |- ! colspan="2" | Okugatta ! 3. 3. ! 2. 2. |} === Goolo z'ensi yonna === : ''Obukodyo n'ebyava mu kulonda Uganda bye yasoose'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:" !Nedda. ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Cap ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka ! Ref. |- | 1. 1. . | 29 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2010 | [[:en:Dar_es_Salaam|Ekisaawe kya Benjamin Mkapa, Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]] | align="center" | 1. 1. | Ethiopia | align="center" | '''2''' –1 | align="center" | 2–1 | [[:en:2010_CECAFA_Cup|Ekikopo kya CECAFA ekya 2010]] | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2010 |title=Ethiopia 1–2 Uganda |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10958/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119001909/https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10958/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |- | 2. 2. . | 12 Ogwekkuminebiri 2010 | [[:en:National_Stadium_(Tanzania)|Ekisaawe kya Benjamin Mkapa]], [[:en:Dar_es_Salaam|Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]] | align="center" | 3. 3. | Ethiopia | align="center" | '''1''' –1 | align="center" | 4–3 | [[:en:2010_CECAFA_Cup|Ekikopo kya CECAFA ekya 2010]] | <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2010 |title=Ethiopia 3–4 Uganda |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/7313/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831131059/https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/7313/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Mohun Bagan''' * [[:en:Calcutta_Football_League|Calcutta Football League: 2018–19]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohun Bagan Win Calcutta Football League After Eight Years |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/mohun-bagan-win-calcutta-football-league-after-eight-years-1915623 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226111051/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/mohun-bagan-win-calcutta-football-league-after-eight-years-1915623 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |access-date=15 September 2018 |website=sports.ndtv.com}}</ref> '''Gokulam Kerala''' * [[:en:2019_Durand_Cup|Ekikopo kya Durand : 2019]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durand Cup: Gokulam Kerala beats Mohun Bagan 2-1 to win title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2019-final-mohun-bagan-vs-gokulam-kerala-live-streaming-score-updates-goals-kolkata-indian-football-suhair-francisco-marcus-joseph-ubaid/article29243177.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827073901/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2019-final-mohun-bagan-vs-gokulam-kerala-live-streaming-score-updates-goals-kolkata-indian-football-suhair-francisco-marcus-joseph-ubaid/article29243177.ece |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> '''Mohammedan Ebyemizannyo''' * [[:en:I-League|Omuwanguzi wa I-League : 2021–22]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha |first=Sayantan |date=14 May 2022 |title=Brilliant Gokulam Kerala FC edge past Mohammedan SC to win historic consecutive I-League titles |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-brilliant-gokulam-kerala-fc-edge-past-mohammedan-sc-win-consecutive-i-league-titles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515124228/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-brilliant-gokulam-kerala-fc-edge-past-mohammedan-sc-win-consecutive-i-league-titles |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> == Ebijjulizibwa == == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite web |last=Datt |first=Anil |date=19 January 2020 |title=Punjab to take on Gokulam Kerala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab-fc-aims-to-score-3-points-in-match-against-gokulam-kerala-28931 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709092846/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/punjab-to-take-on-gokulam-kerala-28931 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |access-date=9 February 2020 |website=tribuneindia.com |publisher=Tribune India News Service |language=en}} == Emigattabantu egyebweru == * Henry Kisekka at National-Football-Teams.com * Henry Kisekka at Soccerway * Henry Kisekka on X * [https://www.flashscore.in/player/kisekka-henry/WbIntdIm/ Henry Kisekka] at Flashscore * Henry Kisekka at Global Sports Archive [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] ixr98qn68fevkuvi69uq9emfa85bk9o Wikidata 0 14192 78199 55865 2026-11-08T01:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Wikidata-logo.png|thumb|Akabonero ka Wikidata]] [[Fayil:Wikidata-logo-ar.svg|thumb|Wikidata y'Oluwarabu]] [[Fayil:Ben_Frey_Wikidata_item_example.png|thumb|Ekifaananyi ky'ekintu kya Wikidata]] [[Fayil:Sample_Wikidata_discussion_page.png|thumb|Wikidata emboozi omuko template]] [[Fayil:Edit_history_on_a_Wikidata_item.png|thumb|Omuko gw'ebyafaayo by'ebintu bya Wikidata]] [[Fayil:Wikidata_Cross-Domain_Forum_176.jpg|thumb|Wikidata Cross Domain Olukungaana lw'Ekifo]] [[Fayil:Wikidata-logo-ar.svg|thumb|Wikidata]] '''Wikidata''' e tterekero lyokumanya ery'ennimi nnyingi, erirongooseddwa n'enkolagana era nga litegekeddwa ekitongole kya Wikimedia Foundation . Wikidata ye database ya data enzigule, eya bulijjo eyinza okukozesebwa empapula Wikimedia Foundation nga [[Wikipedia]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2012 |title=Data Revolution for Wikipedia |url=http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/Pressemitteilungen/PM_3_12_Wikidata_EN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AbXpDAbW?url=http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/Pressemitteilungen/PM_3_12_Wikidata_EN |archive-date=September 11, 2012 |access-date=September 11, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland}}</ref> n'omuntu omulala yenna, wansi wa layisinsi ya CC0 ey'olukale. Wikidata ye wiki ekozesebwa pulogulaamu ya MediaWiki, era ekozesebwa okukola ekifo eky'okumanya ekya MediaWiki ekimanyiddwa ga Wikibase. eji7i7iz56jg2qxkt76q1ikyphqofxt America 0 14984 78142 76224 2026-11-07T23:49:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref name=":8">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209073422/https://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km <sup>2</sup> ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710023935/https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |archive-date=July 10, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> == Ebitundu byayo ebitonotono == Mu [[Federalism in the United States|nkola ya Amerika eya federo]], obuyinza obw’obwannannyini bugabanyizibwa wakati w’emitendera esatu egya gavumenti egyalambikibwa mu Ssemateeka: gavumenti eya federo, amasaza, n’ebika by’Abayindi. Amerika era ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebibeeramu abantu bannansangwa: [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], ne [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]].<ref name="HRI-20122">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Abatuuze b’amasaza 50 bafugibwa gavumenti y’amasaza gye balonda, wansi wa [[State constitutions in the United States|ssemateeka w’amasaza akwatagana ne ssemateeka w’eggwanga]], ne [[Local government in the United States|gavumenti z’ebitundu]] ezirondebwa nga zino ze bitundu ebifuga eby’essaza. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Robert A. |date=October 2011 |title=Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism# |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Cato Institute}}</ref> Amasaza gagabanyizibwamu amagombolola oba ageefaananyiriza amagombolola, nga (okuggyako mu Hawaii) gasobola okukkiriza okutondebwawo kwa munisipaali ezeetongodde eziddukanyizibwa abalonde baago. Disitulikiti ya Columbia, [[Federal district of the United States|disitulikiti ya federo]] erimu ekibuga ekikulu ekya Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] <ref>{{usc|8|1101}}(a)(36) and {{usc|8|1101}}(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act.</ref> Disitulikiti ya federo kitundu kya gavumenti eya federo ekifuga. == Ebibiina byayo eby’obufuzi == Ssemateeka asirise ku bibiina by’obufuzi. Wabula baakulaakulana nga beetongodde mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omunaana n’ebibiina bya Federo n’ebya [[Anti-Federalist]] . Okuva olwo, Amerika yakola nga enkola ya ''de facto'' [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ey’ebibiina]] [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ebibiri]], wadde ng’ebibiina byakyuka okumala ekiseera.<ref name="Blake-2021">{{cite news|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|date=November 25, 2021|title=Why are there only two parties in American politics?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/27/why-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics/|access-date=May 4, 2024|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda, ebibiina by’eggwanga ebibiri ebikulu bibadde [[Democratic Party]] ne [[Republican Party]]. Bannasayansi w’ebyobufuzi n’okunoonyereza ku byobufuzi okugeraageranya bassa ekibiina kya Democratic Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’eddembe ng’omusingi gwakyo ogw’ebyobufuzi guyimiridde okumpi n’amasekkati g’endowooza z’ebyobufuzi eby'enjuyi zombi,<ref>{{Harvnb|Martone|Piccio|2023|p=167}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Chinoy|first=Sahil|date=2019-06-26|title=What Happened to America's Political Center of Gravity?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html|access-date=2026-04-26|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=The Republican Party leans much further right than most traditional conservative parties in Western Europe and Canada, according to an analysis of their election manifestos. It is more extreme than Britain's Independence Party and France's National Rally (formerly the National Front), which some consider far-right populist parties. The Democratic Party, in contrast, is positioned closer to mainstream liberal parties.}}</ref> n’ekibiina kya Republican Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’oku ddyo ekiwagira abantu n’eggwanga ng’ekibiina kyakyo eky’ebyobufuzi kiri ku ddyo okudda ku ddyo ennyo.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An International Far-Right Alliance? A Comparative Analysis of the Linkages Between the Republican Party and European Far-Right Parties |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4739346 |access-date=April 26, 2026 |ssrn=4739346 |quote=Norris's findings conveyed that the Republican Party is as far-right ideologically as many prominent European far-right parties. The Republican Party was measured to be more conservative in comparison to various mainstream European parties. More specifically, the Republican Party was valued to be as economically conservative as the Swiss People's Party and as socially conservative as the German Alternative for Germany (AfD).}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Enkolagana n’amawanga amalala == Amerika erina ensengeka eteereddwawo ey’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala, ng’ekwata [[ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw’abakungu]] we bwatuukira mu 2024. Eggwanga lino kkiise mu [[ery'enkalakkalira mu lukiiko lw'amawanga amagatte olw'ebyokwerinda]]<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> era nga mwe muli [[ekitebe ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte]]. Amerika mmemba w'ebibiina bya gavumenti ebya [[G7]],<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> [[G20]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=The United States and G20: Building a More Peaceful, Stable, and Prosperous World Together |url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-g20-building-a-more-peaceful-stable-and-prosperous-world-together/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> ne [[OECD]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our global reach |url=https://www.oecd.org/about/members-and-partners/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[OECD]]}}</ref> [[Kumpi amawanga gonna galina ebitebe byago]] era mangi galina ba consulates (abakungu abakiikira) mu ggwanga lino. Mu ngeri y’emu, kumpi amawanga gonna gakyaza [[emisomo emitongole egy’ababaka]] ne Amerika, okuggyako [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite report|last1=Fialho|first1=Livia Pontes|last2=Wallin|first2=Matthew|title=Reaching for an Audience: U.S. Public Diplomacy Towards Iran|date=August 1, 2013|publisher=American Security Project|jstor=resrep06070}}</ref> [[North Korea]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42351336|title=Which are the countries still talking to North Korea?|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|location=London|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=July 15, 2022|last1=Oliver|first1=Alex|last2=Graham|first2=Euan}}</ref> ne [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/the-case-for-a-stronger-bhutanese-american-relationship/|title=The Case for Stronger Bhutanese-American Ties|newspaper=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=December 22, 2014|last=Ferraro|first=Matthew F.|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Wadde [[Taiwan]] terina nkolagana ntongole ya bubaka ne Amerika, ekuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere etali ntongole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2022 |title=US will continue to strengthen 'unofficial ties' with Taiwan, says Harris |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3194126/us-will-continue-strengthen-unofficial-ties-taiwan-vice |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Amerika bulijjo [[egabira Taiwan ebikozesebwa mu magye]] okuziyiza obulumbaganyi bwa China obuyinza okubaawo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/22/915818283/formal-ties-with-u-s-not-for-now-says-taiwan-foreign-minister|title=Formal Ties With U.S.? Not For Now, Says Taiwan Foreign Minister|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=September 22, 2020|last=Ruwitch|first=John|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Okufaayo kw'eggwanga lino mu by'obufuzi kweyongedde okudda ku Indo-Pacific, Amerika gye yeegatta ku Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ne [[AUKUS]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saaliq |first=Sheikh |date=2026-05-26 |title=Quad ministers announce new Indo-Pacific initiatives on maritime security and energy |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-quad-rubio-1c7426e104b7663ed01a727f943c9715 |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Wentong |date=2025-12-05 |title=AUKUS and the Reconfiguration of Indo-Pacific Security: An Analysis of the Trilateral Security Partnership |url=https://www.thediplomaticaffairs.com/2025/12/05/aukus-and-the-reconfiguration-of-indo-pacific-security-an-analysis-of-the-trilateral-security-partnership/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=thediplomaticaffairs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Amerika erina "Enkolagana ey'enjawulo " [[ne Bungereza]] n'enkolagana ey'amaanyi ne [[Canada]], <ref>{{cite web |author1=Ek, Carl |last2=Fergusson |first2=Ian F. |name-list-style=amp |date=September 3, 2010 |title=Canada–U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064224/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Australia (ssemazinga)|Australia]], [[New Zealand]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Vaughn, Bruce |date=May 27, 2011 |title=New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122111903/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Philippines]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Lum, Thomas |date=January 3, 2011 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813201651/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=August 3, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Japan]], [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanlett-Avery, Emma |display-authors=etal |date=June 8, 2011 |title=Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113063914/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[South Korea]], <ref>{{cite web |last1=Manyin |first1=Mark E. |last2=Chanlett-Avery |first2=Emma |last3=Nikitin |first3=Mary Beth |date=July 8, 2011 |title=U.S.–South Korea Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064241/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> Israel, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zanotti, Jim |date=July 31, 2014 |title=Israel: Background and U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305033453/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> n'amawanga agawerako ag'omukago gwa Bulaaya nga [[Bufalansa]], [[Yitale]], [[Girimane|Girimaani]], [[Spain]], ne [[Poland–United States relations|Poland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2021 |title=U.S. Relations With Poland |url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-poland/ |access-date=June 19, 2023 |website=State.gov}}</ref> Amerika ekolagana nnyo n'emikwano gyayo egya [[NATO]] ku nsonga z'amagye n'ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga, era n'amawanga agali mu Amerika ng'eyita mu kibiina ky'amawanga ga Amerika n'endagaano ya Amerika–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement . Amerika ekozesa obuyinza obujjuvu mu by'okwerinda mu nsi yonna n'obuvunaanyizibwa ku [[Micronesia]], [[ebizinga bya Marshall]] ne [[Palau]] ng'eyita mu ndagaano ya Compact of Free Association.<ref name="FedJud2">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Eyongedde okukola enkolagana ey’ekigendererwa ne [[Buyindi]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=INDO- PACIFIC STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf |access-date=February 3, 2022 |publisher=White House}}</ref> ate ng’enkolagana yaayo ne China yeeyongera okukendeera.<ref>{{cite report|last=Meidan|first=Michal|title=US-China: The Great Decoupling|date=July 1, 2019|publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]]|jstor=resrep33982}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bala |first=Sumathi |date=March 28, 2023 |title=U.S.-China relations are going downhill with 'no trust' on either side, Stephen Roach says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/28/us-china-ties-on-dangerous-path-with-no-trust-on-both-sides-roach-cohen.html |access-date=May 7, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Okutandika ne 2014, Amerika yali efuuse omukwano omukulu ogwa Ukraine. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Rumer|first1=Eugene|last2=Sokolsky|first2=Richard|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/06/thirty-years-of-us-policy-toward-russia-can-the-vicious-circle-be-broken?lang=en|title=Thirty Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?|newspaper=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]|location=Washington, D.C.|date=June 20, 2019|access-date=July 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Here's a look at the $5.6 billion in firepower the U.S. has committed to Ukraine in its fight against Russia |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/17/russia-ukraine-war-summary-of-weapons-us-has-given-to-ukraine.html |access-date=September 28, 2022 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Pulezidenti ye [[Commander-in-Chief of the United States|muduumizi w’amagye ow'okuntikko]] mu Amerika era yaalonda abakulembeze baago, [[United States Secretary of Defense|omuwandiisi w’ebyokwerinda]] n’abakulira bann[[Joint Chiefs of Staff|amagye]] . [[United States Department of Defense|Ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda]], ekitebe kyayo kiri ku [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] okumpi ne Washington, DC, nga kino kiddukanya amatabi ataano ku mukaaga ag’obuweereza, nga gano galimu [[United States Army|eggye lya Amerika]], [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], ne [[United States Space Force|Space Force]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=Our Forces |url=https://www.war.gov/about/our-forces |access-date=July 12, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]}}</ref> [[United States Coast Guard|Abakuumi b’oku nnyanja]] baddukanyizibwa [[United States Department of Homeland Security|ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga]] mu biseera by’emirembe era nga basobola okukyusibwa ne batwalibwa mu [[United States Department of the Navy|kitongole ky’amagye g’oku mazzi]] mu biseera by’olutalo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lindsay |first=James M. |date=August 4, 2021 |title=Happy 231st Birthday to the United States Coast Guard! |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/happy-231st-birthday-united-states-coast-guard |access-date=July 16, 2022 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |quote=During peacetime it is part of the Department of Homeland Security. During wartime, or when the president or Congress so direct, it becomes part of the Department of Defense and is included in the Department of the Navy. |location=New York City}}</ref> Amagye gonna awamu gali nga akakadde 1.3 nga bano be bakola obutereevu okwo n'oteekako ne 400,000 ab'okwekuumisa. Amagye ga Amerika wangi gatwalibwa ng’amagye agasinga amaanyi era ag’omulembe mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 27, 2012|title=United States country profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16761057|access-date=July 6, 2025|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ryan|first1=Missy|last2=Jeong|first2=Andrew|last3=Masih|first3=Niha|last4=Sands|first4=Leo|last5=Somasundaram|first5=Praveena|last6=Wu|first6=Daniel|last7=Haspel|first7=Tamar|last8=Dougherty|first8=Jesse|last9=Nusbaum|first9=Spencer|date=April 1, 2021|title=The U.S. system created the world's most advanced military. Can it maintain an edge?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/china-us-military-technology/2021/03/31/acc2d9f4-866c-11eb-8a67-f314e5fcf88d_story.html|access-date=July 6, 2025|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Amerika yasaasaanya obuwumbi bwa ddoola 954 ku magye gaayo mu 2025, guno muwendo ogusinga obunji mu nsi yonna, nga zikola ebitundu 33% ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna era nga zikola ebitundu 3.1% ku nnyingiza y’eggwanga lino.'''''<ref name="SIPRI-20202">{{Cite web |date=April 2026 |title=Trends in Military Expenditure 2025 |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/2604_milex_2025.pdf#page=2 |access-date=26 April 2026 |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]}}</ref>''''' Amerika erina ebitundu 42% ku by’okulwanyisa bya nukiriya mu nsi yonna nga ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri oluvannyuma lw’eya Russia.<ref name="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute-20242">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2024 |title=Role of nuclear weapons grows as geopolitical relations deteriorate—new SIPRI Yearbook out now {{!}} SIPRI |url=https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2024/role-nuclear-weapons-grows-geopolitical-relations-deteriorate-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina amagye agakwata ekifo eky'okusatu mu bunene, nga eddirira amagye ga [[People's Liberation Army|China People's Liberation Army]] [[Indian Armed Forces|n'amagye ga Buyindi]]. Ng’oggyeeko omukutu omunene ogw’enkambi z’amagye ku ttaka lyayo, Amerika ekuuma ebifo ebirala nga 800 okwetoloola ensi yonna,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Johnny |date=May 18, 2015 |title=Why does the US have 800 military bases around the world? |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924114313/https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=September 23, 2020 |website=Vox}}</ref> era eteeka abakozi abasukka mu 100 abakola emirimu mu buli emu ku nsi 25 ez’ebweru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2010 |title=Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A) |url=https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211511/https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2010 |publisher=Department of Defense}}</ref> Amerika yeenyigira mu bikolwa by’amagye ebisukka mu 400 okuva lwe yatandikibwawo mu 1776, nga ebitundu ebisukka mu kitundu ku bino byaliwo wakati wa 1950 ne 2019 ate 25% byaliwo mu mulembe ogw’oluvannyuma lw’olutalo olw’endowooza. [[Amagye g’amasaza|Amagye g’amasaa]] oba [[State defense forces]] (SDFs) bibinja by’amagye ebikola wansi w’obuyinza bwa gavumenti y’essaza yokka. SDFs zikkirizibwa mu mateeka g'amasaza ne federo naye nga ziduumirwa [[gavana w'essaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=StateDefenseForce.com |url=https://statedefenseforce.com/ |website=StateDefenseForce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=State Guard Association of the United States – Supporting the State Defense Forces of the United States |url=https://sgaus.org/ |website=sgaus.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=32 U.S. Code § 109 - Maintenance of other troops |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/32/109 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> Okwawukana ku ekyo, ebibiina 54 [[eby’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika|ey’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika]] [ r ] bigwa wansi w’obuyinza obubiri obwa gavumenti z’amasaza oba ez’ebitundu ne gavumenti eya federo ; ebibinja byabwe nabyo zisobola okufuuka ebitongole ebya federo, naye SDF teziyinza kufuuka za federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Guard: FAQ |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |access-date=August 23, 2025 |publisher=[[United States National Guard]] |archive-date=September 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909195612/https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abakozi mu by'okwerinda ab'eggwanga oba ab'essaza oba ekitundu basobola okufuuka aba federo nga kino kikolebwa pulezidenti wansi w'ennongoosereza mu [[tteeka ly'ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga erya 1933]] ; etteeka lino lyatonda ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda era ligatta ebibinja by’abakuumi b’eggwanga n’abakuumi b’omu bbanga n’abakozi mu magye ga Amerika ne (okuva mu 1947) eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Legal Basis of the National Guard |url=http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521130934/http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=Army National Guard}}</ref> Omuwendo gwonna ogwa bammemba ba National Guard guli nga 430,000, ate nga amaanyi ga SDFs agabalirirwamu omugatte oguli wansi w'omu 10,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=2023 Demographics Profile of the Military Community |url=https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2023-demographics-report.pdf |access-date=May 18, 2026 |website=Military OneSource}}</ref> == Okukwasisa amateeka n’okunoonya obwenkanya ku misango == Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole bya [[sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[poliisi mu ssaza]] birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo, era ebitongole bya federo nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[eddembe ly’obuntu]], ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga, okussa mu nkola ensala za [[kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole [[Sheriffs in the United States|bya sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[State police (United States)|poliisi mu ssaza]] [[Police power (United States constitutional law)|birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo]], era [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|ebitongole bya federo]] nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[United States Marshals Service|US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[Civil rights|eddembe ly’obuntu]], [[National security of the United States|ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga]], okussa mu nkola ensala za [[U.S. federal courts|kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[State court (United States)|Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo [[Subject-matter jurisdiction|zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Wadde nga waliwo enkola ez’enjawulo ez’okusiba abantu, ebitongole bina ebikulu bye bifuga: amakomera ga federo, amakomera g’amasaza, amakomera g’omu kitundu, n’ebifo [[awagunjulirwa abaana abato]] . <ref name="National Academies Press-2014">{{Cite book |date=April 24, 2014 |title=The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18613 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-29801-8 |location=Washington, D.C. |bibcode=2014nap..book18613N |doi=10.17226/18613}}</ref> Amakomera ga federo gaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky'amakomera ekiyitibwa [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] era nga gakwata abasibe nga tebannawozesebwa wamu n’abantu abasingisiddwa emisango gya federo. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’amasaza, agaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky’okutereeza abantu mu buli ssaza, gakwata abantu abasaliddwa ebibonerezo era n’okusibwa (ebiseera ebisinga okumala omwaka gumu) olw’emisango eminene. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’omu kitundu bye bifo by’amasaza oba munisipaali ebisiba abawawaabirwa nga tebannawozesebwa; era bakwata abo abamala ebibonerezo ebimpi (ebiseera ebisinga nga tebannaweza mwaka mulamba). <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Ebifo ebitereeza abaana abato biddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’ebitundu oba ez’amasaza era bikola ng’ebifo eby’ekiseera ekiwanvu eri omwana yenna [[omuto asaliddwawo ng’abadde akola emisango]] era n’alagirwa omulamuzi okusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=The Annie E. Casey |date=November 14, 2020 |title=Juvenile Detention Explained |url=https://www.aecf.org/blog/what-is-juvenile-detention |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=The Annie E. Casey Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo eky’omukaaga mu nsi yonna mu kusiba abantu era nga erina bantu 531 ku buli bantu baamu 100,000 era nga ye yali esinga obunene mu makomera n’amakomera mu nsi yonna, ng’abantu abasoba mu bukadde 1.9 be basibibwa.<ref name="Sawyer-2025">{{Cite web |last=Sawyer |first=Wendy |last2=Wagner |first2=Peter |date=March 11, 2025 |title=Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025 |url=https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html |access-date=May 19, 2025 |website=Prison Policy Initiative |language=en}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america United States of America].</ref><ref name="WorldPrisonBrief">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231118142542/https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total Highest to Lowest].</ref>[[World Health Organization|​]] [[Gun deaths in the United States|Okwekenneenya kwakolebwa ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekikola ku By'obulamu]] nga kikozesa obubaka obukwata ku kufa okugeza okuva okuva mu 2010 kyalaga nti okuttingana mu maka kwali kwekubisizzaamu emirundi mukaaga okusinga ku kw'omumawanga agayingiza ennyonga kino kireetebwa okuttingana n'emmundu omuwendo kwagwo okwalinnya okutuuka mu muwendo gwa mirundi 25 okusingawo". Enkola y'amateeka mu ggwanga lino abamu ku bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi n'abakugu mu by'amateeka bagiteeka mu kibinja ky'abakoera wansi w'enkola ya "partial [[rule of law]] ", okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okw'emirundi ebiri okw'omu 2026 okwakolebwa [[Bright Line Watch]] ne [[London School of Economics]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Ebyenfuna byayo == Amerika erina ebyenfuna ebyebika ebibiri ebikulaakulana ennyo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moffatt |first=Mike |date=January 27, 2020 |title=A Mixed Economy: The Role of the Market |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-a-mixed-economy-1147547 |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en |quote="The US has a mixed economy because both private businesses and the government are important."}}</ref> ebibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu bwatiikirivu okuva nga 1890 . Ennyingiza yaayo mu 2024 [ e ] eyali esukka mu buwumbi bwa ddoola 29<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Datasets |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/USA |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> yakola ebitundu ebisukka mu 25% ku bifulumizibwa mu by’enfuna by’ensi yonna, oba 15% ku bungi bw’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP). Okuva mu 1983 okutuuka mu 2008, okukula kwa GDP okwa Amerika okwa ddala okwagattibwa buli mwaka kwali 3.3%, bw’ogeraageranya n’obuzito bwa 2.3% mu bitundu ebirala ebya [[G7]] . Eggwanga likwata ekifo ekisooka mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku kweyongera kw'ennyingiza<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Gross Domestic Product, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022 (Third Estimate), GDP by Industry, and Corporate Profits |url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and |website=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce|U.S. Department of Commerce]]}}</ref> ekwata kyakubiri bwe kitereezebwa okusinziira ku miwendo gy’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP), ate mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza ya ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokubiri 2024, ebbanja lyonna erya gavumenti eya wakati wa Amerika lyali obuwumbi bwa ddoola 34.4.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ku kkampuni 500 ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna yaazo, [[138 zaali n’ebibebe byazo mu Amerika]] mu 2025,<ref name="Fortune-2025">{{Cite web |title=Global 500 |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |access-date=October 25, 2025 |website=[[Fortune Global 500]] |language=en}}</ref> omuwendo ogusinga obunene mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyam |first=Benji |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Most Profitable Companies: U.S. vs. Rest of the World, 2023 |url=https://www.growandconvert.com/research/most-profitable-fortune-500-companies-in-2023/ |access-date=July 16, 2024 |website=www.growandconvert.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[United States dollar|Ddoola ya Amerika]] ye ssente esinga okukozesebwa [[mu nkolagana y'ensi yonna]] era ye ssente esinga mu nsi yonna okuterekebwa, nga ekyo kiva ku maanyi g'ebyenfuna by'eggwanga, [[United States Armed Forces|amagye gaayo]], enkola ya [[petrodollar]], akatale kaayo akanene ak'eggwanika lya Amerika, ne [[Eurodollar]] yaayo ekwatagana. <ref name="federalreserve.gov">{{Cite web |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |access-date=August 24, 2010}}</ref> Amawanga agawerako gagikozesa nga ssente zaago entongole, ate mu ndala ye [[De facto currency|ssente ''entuufu'']]. <ref name="Benjamin J. Cohen 2006, p. 17">Benjamin J. Cohen, ''The Future of Money'', Princeton University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-691-11666-2}}; ''cf''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2014 |title=US GDP Growth Rate by Year |url=http://www.multpl.com/us-gdp-growth-rate/table/by-year |access-date=June 18, 2014 |website=multpl.com |publisher=US Bureau of Economic Analysis}}</ref> Amerika erina endagaano z'ebyobusuubuzi eby'eddembe n'amawanga agawerako omuli ne USMCA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States free trade agreements |url=https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements |access-date=May 31, 2019 |website=[[Office of the United States Trade Representative]]}}</ref> Newankubadde nga Amerika etuuse ku ddaala ery’enkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna oluvannyuma lw’okukulaakulanya amakolero,<ref name="Collins-2023">{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Michael |date=August 11, 2023 |title=The Post-Industrial Service Economy Isn't Working for the Middle Class |url=https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/data-and-statistics/article/21271497/the-post-industrial-service-economy-isnt-working |access-date=August 10, 2024 |website=[[IndustryWeek]] |language=en}}</ref> era etera okuyogerwako ng’erina ebyenfuna by’obuweereza,<ref name="Collins-2023" /><ref name="Econ">{{Cite web |title=USA Economy in Brief |url=https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312123609/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-date=March 12, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State, International Information Programs}}</ref> ekyali y'amaanyi mu by’amakolero<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=The State of Manufacturing in the United States |url=http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226011512/http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-date=February 26, 2013 |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=International Trade Administration}}</ref> nga mu 2024, ekitongole ky’amakolero mu Amerika kyali kyakubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene mu kwongera muwendo ku bifuluma oluvannyuma lwa [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manufacturing, Value Added (Current US$) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true |access-date=October 25, 2025 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> [[Ekibuga New York]] kye [[kifo ekikulu eky'ebyensimbi]] mu nsi yonna,<ref /><ref name="NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2024 |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 35 |url=https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-35/ |access-date=May 1, 2024 |publisher=Long Finance}}</ref> era ekitundu kyakyo ekinene kye [[List of cities by GDP|kisinga obunene mu by'enfuna]] mu nsi yonna.<ref name="NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Iman |date=September 24, 2020 |title=This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/united-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la/ |access-date=March 5, 2023 |publisher=World Economic Forum |quote=The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.}}</ref> [[New York Stock Exchange]] ne [[Nasdaq]], zombi ezisangibwa mu kibuga New York, ze [[List of stock exchanges|zisinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku katale n'ebyensimbi [[n'obusuubuzi]].<ref /><ref name="sfc.hk">[http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012)].</ref> Amerika eri ku mwanjo mu nkulaakulana ya tekinologiya n'obuyiiya mu bintu bingi eby'ebyenfuna naddala mu [[Artificial intelligence|by'obwakalimagezi]]; [[eby'amasannyalaze]] ne kompyuta; n'eddagala ly'ebyobujjanjabi; n’ebikozesebwa mu by’obujjanjabi, eby’omu bwengula [[Military equipment|n’eby’amagye]].<ref name="CIA-2018">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Ebyenfuna by'eggwanga bifukibwako amafuta olw'eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, [[Infrastructure policy of the United States|ebikozesebwa]] ebikulaakulanye obulungi, n'ebibala bingi.<ref name="Wright, Gavin 2007 p. 185">Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed.</ref> Abasinga okusuubulagana ne Amerika b'eboomu mukago [[gwa Bulaaya]], Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Bungereza, Vietnam, Buyindi, ne Taiwan.<ref /> Amerika ye nsi esinga okuyingiza ebintu mu nsi yonna era y'ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu kufulumya ebweru . [ s ] Ye nsi esinga okutunda obuweereza ebweru w'eggwanga mu nsi yonna.<ref /> Abamerika be basinga [[List of countries by average wage|okuyingiza ssente]] mu [[Household income|maka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Income |url=http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/income/ |access-date=September 28, 2019 |website=Better Life Index |publisher=OECD |quote=In the United States, the average household net adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 45 284 a year, much higher than the OECD average of USD 33 604 and the highest figure in the OECD.}}</ref> n’abakozi mu mawanga agali mu mukago gwa OECD, era be basinga [[Median income|okuyingiza ssente mu maka era baali mu kifo]] kyakuna mu 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Median Income by Country 2023 |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/median-income-by-country/ |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=Wisevoter |language=en-US}}</ref> okuva mu kifo eky’omukaaga mu 2013.<ref name="Household Income">{{Cite journal |date=March 18, 2014 |title=Society at a Glance 2014 |url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |journal=Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators |publisher=OECD Publishing |doi=10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en |isbn=978-92-64-20072-2 |access-date=May 29, 2014 |doi-access=free |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528162558/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga [[Consumer spending|ensaasaanya y’ensimbi]] z’omuntu ku buwumbi bwa doola ezisukka mu buwumbi 18.5 mu 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Personal Consumption Expenditures |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCECA |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=fred.stlouisfed.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina nnyo ssente [[Consumer economy|ezitambulira mu baguzi]] nga bano beebaaatambuza [[Consumer economy|ebyenfuna]] era nga ye [[List of largest consumer markets|katale akasinga obunene mu nsi yonna abakozesa]]. Amerika [[List of countries by number of billionaires|yasooka mu muwendo gwa ba buwumbi]] [[List of countries by number of millionaires|n’obukadde]] bwa ddoola mu 2023, nga balina obuwumbi 735 ne kumpi obukadde 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Napoletano |first=E. |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Here's How Many Billionaires And Millionaires Live In The U.S. – Forbes Advisor |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/retirement/how-many-billionaires-and-millionaires-live-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=As%20of%202023,%20there%20are,your%20own%20definition%20of%20wealth. |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=Forbes}}</ref> [[Obugagga mu Amerika]] bungi nnyo; mu 2011, abantu abakulu 10% abaasinga obugagga baalina ebitundu 72% ku bugagga bw’amaka g’eggwanga, ate ebitundu 50% ebya wansi baalina ebitundu 2% byokka. Obutali bwenkanya mu by’obugagga mu Amerika bweyongera nnyo okuva ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1980, era obutafaanagana mu nfuna mu Amerika bwatuuka ku likodi mu 2019. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, eggwanga lino lyalina ebimu ku bisinga obunene mu bugagga n’ennyingiza mu mawanga ga [[OECD]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2024 |title=Society at a glance 2024: OECD social indicators |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-glance-2024_918d8db3-en/full-report/income-and-wealth-inequalities_7ac4178f.html |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=OECD}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1970, wabaddewo okukutula kw’amagoba g’emisaala gya Amerika okuva ku kukola kw’abakozi.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Waaliwo abantu nga 771,480 abatalina mwasirizi mu Amerika mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, abaana obukadde 6.4 baafuna obutaba na mmere emala. <ref name="ers.usda.gov">{{Cite web |title=USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119024909/https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2020 |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=ers.usda.gov}}</ref> Ekitongole kya [[Feeding America]] kyabalirira nti abaana nga omu ku buli bataano, oba obukadde nga 13, bafuna enjala mu Amerika era tebamanyi wa oba ddi lwe banaafuna emmere yaabwe eddako. <ref name="FactsAbout">{{Cite web |title=Facts About Child Hunger in America {{!}} Feeding America |url=https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/child-hunger-facts |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=feedingamerica.org}}</ref> Era mu mwaka gwa 2022, abantu nga obukadde 37.9, oba 11.5% ku bantu ba Amerika, baali babeera mu bwavu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Amerika erina eggwanga ettono [[Welfare state|eririmu abantu abatali mu jmbeera nnungi]] era eddaamu okugabanya ensimbi entono okuyita mu bikolwa bya gavumenti okusinga [[World Bank high-income economy|amawanga amalala agasinga obungi agafuna ssente ennyingi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joumard |first=Isabelle |last2=Pisu |first2=Mauro |last3=Bloch |first3=Debbie |year=2012 |title=Tackling income inequality The role of taxes and transfers |url=https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513203915/https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-13 |access-date=May 21, 2015 |publisher=OECD |url-status=live }}</ref> Lye gwanga lyokka elirina enkulaakulana eyaawaggulu era nga abakozi mu lyo ekyokubeera nga bausasulwa mu mpumula kyabulijjo, <ref>{{Cite news|date=The United States is the only advanced economy that does not federally mandate any paid vacation days or holidays.}}</ref>[[Parental leave in the United States|​]] wamu n'okuba erimu ku mawanga amatono agatalina ky'akusasula bantu bagenda mu kuwumulamu ko okuva ku mirimu ne famire zaabwe nga tteeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika erina ebitundu by’abakozi [[Working class in the United States|abafuna]] ssente entono okusinga kumpi ensi endala zonna ezaakulaakulana, okusinga olw’enkola ennafu [[Collective bargaining|ey’okuteesa okw’omuggundu]] n’obutaba na buwagizi bwa gavumenti eri abakozi abali mu bulabe.<ref>{{cite news|last=Van Dam|first=Andrew|date=July 4, 2018|title=Is it great to be a worker in the U.S.? Not compared with the rest of the developed world.|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/07/04/is-it-great-to-be-a-worker-in-the-u-s-not-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-developed-world/?noredirect=on|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref> == Sayansi ne tekinologiya waayo == Amerika ebadde ekulembedde mu kuyiiya okwa tekinologiya okuva ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda n’okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mowery |first=David |title=Technological Change and the Evolution of the U.S. "National Innovation System", 1880-1990 |url=https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127224449/https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=OpenMind |language=en-US}}</ref> Enkola z’okukola ebitundu ebikyusibwakyusibwa n’okutandikawo amakolero g’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma byasobozesa okukola ebintu mu Amerika mu bungi ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, okussa amasannyalaze mu makolero, okuleetebwawo kwa layini y'okukuŋŋaanya, n'obukodyo obulala obw'okukekkereza abakozi byatonda enkola y'okufulumya ebintu mu bungi.<ref>{{Hounshell1984}}.</ref> Mu kyasa 21, Amerika ekyagenda mu maaso okuba emu ku mawanga agasinga mu nsi yonna mu bya ssaayansi, wadde nga China evuddeyo ng’evuganya ennyo mu bintu ebingi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. science no longer leads the world. Here's how top advisers say the nation should respond |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/u-s-science-no-longer-leads-world-here-s-how-top-advisers-say-nation-should-respond |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika y’esinga okusaasaanya ssente mu kunoonyereza n’enkulaakulana okusinga ensi yonna endala,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Innovators wanted: these countries spend the most on R&D |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/how-much-countries-spend-on-r-d/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> era eri mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Sean |date=November 16, 2020 |title=These countries spend the most on research and development |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/countries-spending-research-development-gdp/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika ye yali (oluvannyuma lwa China) ensi eyakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu mpapula za ssaayansi ezifulumizibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SJR – International Science Ranking |url=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?order=itp&ord=desc&year=2020 |access-date=February 5, 2022 |website=Scimagojr.com |language=en-uk}}</ref> Mu 2021, Amerika yakwata kyakubiri (nayo oluvannyuma lwa China) mu muwendo gw’okusaba patent, n’ekyokusatu mu kusaba kw’obubonero bw’obusuubuzi n’okukola dizayini yz’amakolero (oluvannyuma lwa China ne Germany), okusinziira ku [[World Intellectual Property Indicators]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=World Intellectual Property Organization. |year=2021 |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |isbn=978-92-805-3329-3 |series=World IP Indicators (WIPI) |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.44461 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> Mu 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/united-states-of-america |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref> Amerika yakwata ekifo eky'okusatu (oluvannyuma lwa Switzerland ne Sweden) mu muwendo gw'obuyiiya mu nsi yonna . Amerika etwalibwa ng’ekulembedde mu nsi yonna mu kukulaakulanya tekinologiya wa [[Artificia Intelligence]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2024 |title=Global AI Power Rankings: Stanford HAI Tool Ranks 36 Countries in AI |url=https://hai.stanford.edu/news/global-ai-power-rankings-stanford-hai-tool-ranks-36-countries-ai |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=hai.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, Amerika yakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu tekinologiya (oluvannyuma lwa South Korea) okuva mu magazini ya ''Global Finance'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getzoff |first=Marc |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Most Technologically Advanced Countries In The World 2023 |url=https://gfmag.com/data/non-economic-data/most-advanced-countries-in-the-world/ |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Global Finance Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okulambula kwayo mu bwengula == Amerika ekuumye enteekateeka y'obwengula okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1950, okutandika n'okutandikawo ekitongole kya [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) mu 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2023 |title=65 Years Ago: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 Creates NASA – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa/#:~:text=President%20Eisenhower%20signed%20the%20National,of%20the%20International%20Geophysical%20Year. |access-date=September 6, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2024 |title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration {{!}} US Space Agency & Exploration Achievements {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/NASA |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1961, Amerika yafuuka ensi eyookubiri (oluvannyuma lwa USSR) [[okusindika obulungi omuntu mu bwengula]] . [[Enteekateeka ya NASA eya Apollo]] (1961 &#x2013; 1972) yatuuka ku [[kugwa ku Mwezi]] okwasooka nga kuliko abakozi n’omulimu gwa [[Apollo 11]] ogwa 1969; kikyali kimu ku bikulu mu kitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2024 |title=Apollo {{!}} History, Missions, Significance, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2019 |title=The Apollo Missions |url=https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/the-apollo-missions/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=The Apollo Missions |language=en-US}}</ref> ebirala ebyamaanyi ebyakolwa NASA mulimu pulogulaamu eyatuumibwa [[Space Shuttle program]] (1981–2011) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Space Shuttle – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/space-shuttle/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Space Shuttle program|​]][[Voyager program|​]] ne pulogulaamu ya [[Voyager program]] (1972&#x2013;leero), eya [[Hubble]] n'eya [[James Webb]] [[space telescopes]] [[Hubble Space Telescope|​]][[James Webb Space Telescope|​]]<nowiki/>nga zino 9zaatongozebwa mu 1990 ne 2011 nga bwe zeddiringana)[[Space telescope|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quick Facts |url=https://hubblesite.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=HubbleSite |language=en}}</ref> ne wabaayo n'eyakolebwa nga erimu emirimu mingi eya [[Mars Exploration Program]] (''[[Spirit]]'', ''[[Opportunity]]'', ''[[Curiosity]]'', and ''[[Perseverance]]'') <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Quick Facts |url=https://webbtelescope.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Webb |language=en}}</ref>[[Mars Exploration Program|​]]''[[Spirit (rover)|​]][[Opportunity (rover)|​]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2008 |title=Mars Exploration – NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> NASA kye kimu ku bitongole bitaano ebikolaganira ku kitongole ekigatta abakolera okunoonyereza mu bwebungula ekya [[International Space Station]] (ISS); <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Space Station Facts and Figures – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebikozesebwa Amerika byekola mu kitongole kino mulimu emirimu egiwera nga, ''[[Destiny]]'' (2001), ''[[Harmony]]'' (2007), ne ''[[Tranquility]]'' (2010), wamu n’obuyambi obugenda mu maaso mu nteekateeka n’emirimu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |date=August 24, 2022 |title=International Space Station: Facts, History & Tracking |url=https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en |edition=updated, last}}</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannannyini mu Amerika bye bifuga ekisaawe ky'okutambulira mu bwengula okuvaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Aba Amerika abamanyiddwa ennyo mu kukola ennyonyi mu bwengula mulimu [[Blue Origin]], [[Boeing]], [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Northrop Grumman]], ne [[SpaceX]]. Enteekateeka za NASA nga Commercial Crew Program, [[Commercial Resupply Services]], Commercial Lunar Payload Services, ne NextSTEP ziyanguyizza okwenyigiramu kw’ebitongole by’obwannannyini okweyongera mu nnyonyi z’omu bwengula mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Space – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, Amerika yafuna amasannyalaze gaayo ebitundu nga 84% okuva mu bisigalira oba fossil fuel, era ensibuko y’amasannyalaze gaayo esinga obunene yali [[y'amafuta ga mafuta]] (38%), n’eddirirwa [[ggaasi ow’obutonde]] (36%),eza [[renewable sources]] (9%), [[amanda]] (9%), [[n’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] (9%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. energy facts explained – consumption and production – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ |access-date=November 21, 2023 |website=eia.gov}}</ref> <ref name="visu">{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Energy Flow Charts: Charting the Complex Relationships among Energy, Water, and Carbon |url=https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/ |access-date=May 16, 2023 |publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika yakola ebitundu nga 4% ku [[bantu b'ensi yonna]], naye [[yakozesa ebitundu nga 16%]] ku masannyalaze g'ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika ekwata ekifo kyakubiri mu kufulumya omukka ogwonoona obutonde oluvannyuma lwa China. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |first=OAR |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks |access-date=December 3, 2020 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> Amerika ye nsi [[Nuclear power by country|esinga okufulumya amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] mu nsi yonna, ng’ekola ebitundu nga 30% ku masannyalaze ga nukiriya mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear Power in the USA - World Nuclear Association |url=https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/usa-nuclear-power |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=world-nuclear.org}}</ref> Era erina omuwendo gwa riyaaktori z’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouse |first=Sabina |date=November 5, 2019 |title=Where are the world's 449 nuclear reactors? |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214075151/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |archive-date=February 14, 2025 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, Amerika eteekateeka okukubisaamu emirundi esatu amasannyalaze aga nukiriya mu mwaka gwa 2050. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2024 |title=U.S. Sets Targets to Triple Nuclear Energy Capacity by 2050 |url=https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/us-sets-targets-triple-nuclear-energy-capacity-2050 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=Energy.gov |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina enguudo eziweza mayiro obukadde buna ( obukadde bwa kiromita 6.4 ), kumpi zonna za gavumenti z’amasaza n’ez’ebitundu, oukutu gwazo gwe [[List of countries by road network size|gusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712201909/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |archive-date=July 12, 2021 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=Cia.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of Surface |url=https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102141414/https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |website=United States Department of Transportation}}</ref>[[List of U.S. state and insular area departments of transportation|​]][[Interstate Highway System|​]] Enkola eno eyongera okugaziyizibwa [[State highway#United States|enguudo za gavumenti]] [[Toll road|n'enguudo ezimu ez'obwannannyini]] ezisasulwa . Amerika y’emu ku nsi ekkumi ezisinga okubeera [[List of countries by vehicles per capita|n’embeera y'abuli muntu okuba n'emmotoka eyiye]] (emmotoka 850 ku buli bantu 1,000) mu 2022. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2022 kwazuula nti ebitundu 76% ku basabaze mu Amerika bavuga bokka ate 14% bavuga obugaali, omuli bannannyini ddigi n’abakozesa emikutu [[Bike-sharing|gy’okugabana obugaali]]. Ebitundu nga 11% bakozesa engeri emu ey’entambula ey’olukale. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Cars still dominate the American commute |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/commute-america-sustainability-cars/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Humes |first=Edward |date=April 12, 2016 |title=The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125602/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Public transportation in the United States|Entambula ey’olukale mu Amerika]] erina enkulaakulanalana ennungi mu bitundu by’ebibuga ebisinga obunene, naddala mu kibuga New York, Washington, DC, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, ne San Francisco Bay Area; bwe kitaba ekyo, okutwalira awamu okusaasaana kwayo si kungi nga mu nsi endala ezikyakula. Amerika nayo erina ebitundu bingi [[Car-dependent|ebyesigama ku mmotoka]] . Olugendo oluwanvu wakati w’ebibuga lusinga kukolebwa kkampuni z’ennyonyi, naye okutambula n’eggaali y’omukka kusinga kubeera ku luguudo lwa [[Northeast Corridor]], [[High-speed rail in the United States|eggaali y’omukka yokka ey’amaanyi mu Amerika]] etuukana n’omutindo gw’ensi yonna gy’ekola. [[Amtrak]], kkampuni y’eggaali y’omukka ey’eggwanga ey’abasaabaze eyambibwako gavumenti y’eggwanga lino, erina omukutu mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’ogw’amawanga ga Bulaaya ey’Obugwanjuba. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empeereza esinga mu Northeast, California, Midwest, ne Pacific Northwest. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=Amtrak Five Year Service Line Plans |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/businessplanning/Amtrak-Service-Line-Plans-FY20-24.pdf#page=5 |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=[[Amtrak]]}}</ref> [[Rail transport in the United States|Omukutu gw'entambula y'eggaali y'omukka mu ggwanga lino]], [[List of countries by rail transport network size|ogusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna ku 182,412.3 mi (293,564.2). km), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/railways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124012056/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> esinga kukola [[Freight transport|ku by’emigugu]] <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Seasonally Adjusted Transportation Data |url=https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422132507/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=February 16, 2021 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> (okwawukana ku ggaali y’omukka esinga okutambuza abasaabaze mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Antiplanner |date=May 13, 2016 |title=Comparing European and American Transport |url=https://ti.org/antiplanner/?p=11847}}</ref> ). Olw’okubaemirimu gitera okubae gy’obwannannyini, eggaali y’omukka mu Amerika zisigaliddemudde emabega mu nsi yonna mu by’amasannyalaze. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Maddock |date=March 7, 2023 |title=US Railroads Lag Behind the World in Railroad Electrification, and the Reason is Private Ownership |url=https://brownpoliticalreview.org/us-railroads-lag-behind-the-world-in-railroad-electrification-and-the-reason-is-private-ownership/ |access-date=March 9, 2025}}</ref> Amerika erina omukutu omunene ogw’entambula y’ennyonyi. [[List of airlines of the United States|Ennyonyi za Amerika ez’abantu baabulijjo]] zonna za bwannannyini. Ennyonyi essatu ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna, okusinziira ku muwendo gw’abasaabaze bonna abatambuzibwa, zisangibwa mu Amerika; [[American Airlines]] yafuuka ekulembedde mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'okwegatta ku kkampuni ya [[US Airways]] mu 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Scheduled Passengers Carried |url=https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102034843/https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2012 |publisher=International Air Transport Association (IATA)}}</ref> Ku bisaawe by'ennyonyi 50 ebisingamu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna, 16 biri mu Amerika, awamu n'ebitaano ku 10 ebisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report">{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=2021 Airport Traffic Report |url=https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2021.pdf |website=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |page=32}}</ref> Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bungi bw'abasaabaze ye [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International]] mu [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] . <ref name="BusyAirport">{{Cite web |last=Hunter |first=Marnie |date=April 11, 2022 |title=This US airport has reclaimed its title as the world's busiest |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-busiest-airports-2021/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report" /> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, [[List of airports in the United States|ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebisinga ku 19,969 eby’omu Amerika]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of U.S. Airports |url=https://www.bts.gov/content/number-us-airportsa |access-date=December 15, 2023 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> byali bya gavumenti ez’ebitundu era nga biddukanyizibwa, era waliwo n’ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebimu eby’obwannannyini. Nga 5,193 ziwandiikiddwa nga "okukozesebwa abantu bonna", omuli [[General aviation|n'ennyonyi eza bulijjo]] . [[Transportation Security Administration|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda mu by’entambula ekya Transportation Security Administration]] (TSA) kibadde kiwa obukuumi ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi ebinene ebisinga okuva mu 2001. [[Inland waterways of the United States|Amakubo g'okumazzi ag’eggwanga lino agali munda mu ggwanga]] ge gakwata [[List of countries by waterways length|ekifo eky’okutaano mu buwanvu]] mu nsi yonna, nga gonna awamu gali 25,482 mi (41,009) nga bwe km) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waterways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412005407/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> Zikozesebwa nnyo mu kutambuza emigugu, okwesanyusaamu, n’okutambuza abasaabaze abatono. Ku [[List of busiest container ports|myalo 50 egy’okutwala abantu abangi]] mu nsi yonna, ena giri mu Amerika, ng’esinga okubeera n’abantu abangi mu ggwanga lino gwe [[Port of Los Angeles|mwalo gw’e Los Angeles]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top 50 Container Ports |url=https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813193707/https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[World Shipping Council]]}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bungi bw’abantu baayo == '''<big>Obungi bw'abantu</big>''' Ekitongole ky’okubala abantu mu Amerika kyategeeza nti abantu 331,449,281 baali batuuze nga 1 Ogwokuna, 2020, [ t ] <ref name="2020CENSUS">{{Cite web |title=Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=[[United States Census]]}}</ref> ekifudde Amerika ensi ey’okusatu mu nsi yonna mu bungi bw’abantu, oluvannyuma lwa Buyindi ne China. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Dashboard |url=https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard |access-date=February 12, 2026 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref> Okubalirira kw'abantu mu butongole okwa 2025 ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu kwali 341,784,857, nga kino kyeyongera ebitundu 3.1% okuva mu kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 2020. <ref name="Vintage2025">{{Cite web|date=January 27, 2025 |title=National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-total.html |access-date=January 28, 2025 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku ssaawa ya Bureau's [[US Population Clock]], nga 1 Ogwomusanvu, 2024, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Amerika gwafuna okweyongera kw'amuntu omu buli sikonda 16, oba abantu nga 5400 buli lunaku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Clock |url=https://www.census.gov/popclock/ |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, 51% ku Bamerika ab’emyaka 15 n’okudda waggulu baali bafumbo, 6% baali [[bannamwandu]], 10% baali baawukanye, ate 34% baali tebafumbirwangako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Table MS-1. Marital Status of the Population 15 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1950 to Present |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/families/marital.html |access-date=September 11, 2019 |website=Historical Marital Status Tables |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2023, omuwendo gw'obusobozi bwokuzaala mu America gwali gwa abaana1.6 ku buli mukazi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saric |first=Ivana |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Births dropped in 2023, ending pandemic baby boom |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/04/25/us-births-drop-2023 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |publisher=Axios |language=en}}</ref>[[Single parents in the United States|​]][[Total fertility rate|​]] era ku bitundu 23%, yeeyalina omuwendo gw'abaana abaali babeera n'abazadde abaayawukana mu maka mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2019 |title=U.S. has world's highest rate of children living in single-parent households |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/12/12/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent/ |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en}}</ref>[[Suburb|​]] Abamerika abasinga babeera mu njegooyego z'ebifo ebikulu. Amerika erina abantu ab’enjawulo; [[American ancestries|Ebibinja ebigatta abafaanaganya obuvo]] 37 birina bammemba abasoba mu kakadde kamu. <ref name="An2000">{{Cite web |date=June 2004 |title=Ancestry 2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2004 |access-date=December 2, 2016 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Non-Hispanic whites|Abazungu Abamerika]] abava mu Bulaaya, Middle East, oba North Africa be basinga obungi [[Race (human classification)|mu mawanga]] [[Ethnic group|n'olubu lw'eggwanga]] nga 57.8% ku bantu ba Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-date=December 25, 2012 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Aba Hispanic ne Latino Americans]] be bakola ekibinja ekyokubiri mu bunene era nga bali 18.7% ku bantu ba Amerika. [[African Americans|Abafirika Abamerika]] be bakola ekibinja eky’okusatu mu bunene mu ggwanga lino era nga bali 12.1% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref name="An2000" /> Abamerika abava mu Asia be kibinja eky'okuna mu bunene mu ggwanga lino, nga bakola ebitundu 5.9% ku bantu ba Amerika. Abamerika bannansangwa bakola obukadde 3.7 mu ggwanga lino era bye ebitundu nga 1%, <ref name="An2000" /> era ebika binnansangwa nga 574 bimanyiddwa gavumenti eya federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, [[Median age|emyaka gya wakati]] egy'abantu mu Amerika gyali gya myaka 39.1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilder |first=Kristie |last2=Mackun |first2=Paul |title=Median Age in 192 Metro Areas Higher Than National Median of 39.1 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2025/06/metro-areas-median-age.html |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Okukula kw'ebibuga == Abamerika nga 82% babeera mu [[kumbi n'ebifo eby'amaanyi]] naddala mu [[njegooyego z'ebibuga]] ne mu [[Exurb|byalo]]; <ref name="CIA-20182">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> nga kitundu ku abo babeera mu bibuga ebirimu abantu abasukka mu 50,000. [[Los Angeles|[]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024532/https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=September 23, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2024, munisipaali ezaali zigattiddwa zaalina abantu abaali basukka mu 100,000[[List of United States cities by population#50 states and District of Columbia|​]][[Chicago|​]][[Houston|​]], ebibuga 11 byalimu abatuuze abaali basukka mu kakadde kamu, era ebibuga bina omuli [[New York City,]] [[Los Angeles,]] [[Chicago]], ne [[Houston County, Texas|Houston]] byalina abantu abaali basukka mu bukadde obubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |access-date=November 26, 2023 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Ebifo ebyamaaanyi mu Amerika nga 56 [[Metropolitan statistical areas#United States|birina abatuuze akakadde kamu oba okusingawo]]. Ebbanga ttono emabega ebitundu ebyalimu abantu abangi n'okukula byali mu Bukiikaddyo, lwakuba nga ebitundu by'omu bukiikaddyo eby'ensalosalo za Mexico ne Gulf Coast ziri mu kabi ak'okulumbibwa omuyaga ogwamaanyi era omuwendo gw'abantu gwakendeera nnyo mu 2025. Ekibuga kya New York ekyali kyafuna ennyo abasenze mu 2024, kyaddirira nekidda mu kifo kye 13 olwensonga z'okukendeeramu mu bantu abaali bayingira eggwanga. N'olwekyo ebifo eisingamu abantu byasigala biri Houston ne Dallas-Fort Worth, ne kuddako Atlanta, Phoenix ne Charlotte. == Olulimi lwabwe == Wadde ng’ennimi [[n’enjogera]] nnyingi mu Amerika, [[Olungereza]] lwe lusinga okwogerwa n’okuwandiikibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Harmeet |date=May 20, 2018 |title=FYI: English isn't the official language of the United States |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Olungereza olw'ekika kya ''[[De facto]]'', lwe [[lulimi olutongole]] mu Amerika, era mu 2025, [[Executive Order 14224]] yalangirira Olungereza ng'olutongole. <ref name="EOWP">{{Cite news}}</ref> Wabula Amerika tebangako na lulimi lutongole oluteekebwawo mu mateeka, anti Congress teyisangako tteeka kulaga Lungereza nga lutongole ku matabi gonna asatu aga federo. Amateeka agamu, gamba nga US naturalization requirements, wadde kiri kityo, gassa Olungereza ku mutindo. Amasaza 28 n’ebizinga [[bya Amerika ebya Virgin Islands]] galina amateeka agalaga Olungereza ng’olulimi lwokka olutongole; Amasaza 19 ne [[District of Columbia]] tegalina lulimi lutongole. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amasaza asatu n’ebitundu bina ebya Amerika bikkirizza ennimi z’omu kitundu oba enzaaliranwa ng’oggyeeko Olungereza: Hawaii ( Oluhawaiian ), <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 1978 |title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4 |url=https://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/https://hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=June 19, 2007 |publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau}}</ref> Alaska ( ennimi amakumi abiri ez’Enzaalwa ), [ u ] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> South Dakota ( Sioux ), <ref name="LakotaCommon">{{Cite web |title=South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language |url=https://eu.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/22/south-dakota-recognizes-official-indigenous-language-governor-noem/3245113002/ |access-date=March 26, 2019 |publisher=[[Argus Leader]]}}</ref> American Samoa ( [[Samoan]] ), Puerto Rico ( [[Spanish]] ), Guam ( [[Chamorro]] ), n’ebizinga by’obukiikakkono bwa Mariana ( [[Carolinian]] ne Chamorro ). Okutwalira awamu, ennimi z’Abamerika enzaaliranwa 169 ze zoogerwa mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Siebens |first=Julie |last2=Julian |first2=Tiffany |date=December 2011 |title=Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/acs/acsbr10-10.pdf |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu Puerto Rico, Olusipeyini lwogerwa nnyo okusinga Olungereza. <ref name="PuertoRicoTranslation">{{Cite web |title=Translation in Puerto Rico |url=https://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233259/http://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=December 29, 2013 |website=Puerto Rico Channel}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Amerika]] (2020), <ref name="ACS2021">{{Cite web |title=ACS B16001 |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001:+LANGUAGE+SPOKEN+AT+HOME+BY+ABILITY+TO+SPEAK+ENGLISH+FOR+THE+POPULATION+5+YEARS+AND+OVER&g=0100000US&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001&moe=true |access-date=December 26, 2022 |website=ACS B16001 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> abantu nga obukadde 245.4 mu Amerika ab’emyaka etaano n’okudda waggulu baali boogera Olungereza lwokka awaka. Abantu obukadde nga 41.2 be boogera [[Olusipeyini]] awaka, ekifuula olulimi olwokubiri mu kusinga okukozesebwa. Ennimi endala ezoogerwa awaka abantu akadde kamu oba okusingawo mulimu [[Oluchina]] (obukadde 3.40), [[Olutagalog]] (obukadde 1.71), [[Oluviyetnam]] (obukadde 1.52), [[Oluwarabu]] (obukadde 1.39), [[Olufaransa]] (obukadde 1.18), [[Olukorea]] (obukadde 1.07), [[n’Olurussia]] (obukadde 1.04). [[Olugirimaani]], olwayogerwa abantu obukadde 1 awaka mu 2010, lwagwa okutuuka ku bantu 881,000 abaabalirirwamu bonna awamu mu 2020. <ref>{{cite report|author=U.S. Census Bureau|title=Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2020.B16001?q=B16001&y=2020|access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> == Okuyingira mu nsi == Omuwendo gw’abasenze mu Amerika gwe gusinga obungi mu nsi yonna mu ngeri entuufu . <ref name="UNdef">{{Cite web |last=((United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division)) |date=August 2019 |title=International Migrant Stock 2019 Documentation |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201246/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Migrant Stock Total 2019 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201247/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu 2022, mu Amerika mwalimu abasenze obukadde 87.7 n’abaana b’abasenze abazaalibwa mu Amerika, nga bano bakola kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2017, ku bantu Abamerika abaazaalibwa ebweru w’eggwanga, nga 45% ( obukadde 20.7 ) baali bannansi abasibukayo mu butonde, 27% (obukadde 12.3 ) baali batuuze ab’enkalakkalira mu mateeka, 6% (obukadde 2.2 ) baali batuuze mu mateeka ab’ekiseera, ate 23% (obukadde 10.5 ) baali [[basenze abatakkirizibwa]] . <ref name="KeyFindings">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2019 |title=Key findings about U.S. immigrants |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617180226/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-date=2019-06-17 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=2026-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2019, amawanga agasinga okusibukamu abagwiira gaali Mexico (24% ku basenze), Buyindi (6%), China (5%), Philippines (4.5%), ne El Salvador (3%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Immigrants in the United States |url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_the_united_states_0.pdf |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=americanimmigrationcouncil.org}}</ref> Mu mwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2022, abagwira abasukka mu kakadde kamu (abasinga obungi ku bo baayingira nga bayita mu kugatta amaka ) baweebwa obutuuze mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Omuwendo gw’abagwira abatalina biwandiiko mu Amerika gwatuuka ku likodi ya bukadde 14 mu 2023.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Eddiini == [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|Ennongoosereza esooka]] ekakasa [[Free Exercise Clause|okusoma eddiini mu ddembe mu ggwanga]] era egaana Congress okuyisa amateeka agassa ekitiibwa mu [[Establishment Clause|kugitandikawo]]. <ref name="Donadio-2021">{{Cite web |last=Donadio |first=Rachel |date=November 22, 2021 |title=Why Is France So Afraid of God? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/12/france-god-religion-secularism/620528/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Amendment |url=https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances. |website=Constitution Annotated |publisher=[[United States Congress]]}}</ref> Enkola y’eddiini esaasaanidde nnyo, mu [[List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level|zisinga okuba ez’enjawulo]] mu nsi yonna, era zijjudde nnyo.<ref name="pewreligion">{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |date=July 31, 2018 |title=Americans are far more religious than adults in other wealthy nations |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109160911/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |archive-date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=January 23, 2020 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Eggwanga lino [[Christianity by country|lisingamu Abakrisitaayo]] mu nsi yonna, nga muno mwe muli [[Catholic Church by country|n'ekifo eky'okuna mu bungi bw'Abakatoliki]] . <ref name="Global Christianity">{{Cite web |last=ANALYSIS |date=December 19, 2011 |title=Global Christianity |url=https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730062627/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx |archive-date=July 30, 2013 |access-date=August 17, 2012 |publisher=Pewforum.org}}</ref> Enzikiriza endala ez'amaanyi mulimu [[Judaism|enzikiriza z'Ekiyudaaya]], [[Buddhism|Buddha]], [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Islam|Obusiraamu]], [[New Age]], [[Native American religions|n'amadiini g'Abamerika bannansangwa]]. Enkola y’eddiini eyawukana nnyo okusinziira ku bitundu.<ref name="Williams-2023">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> " [[Ceremonial deism]] " ya bulijjo mu buwangwa bw'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merriam |first=Jesse |last2=Lupu |first2=Ira |last3=Elwood |first3=F |last4=Davis |first4=Eleanor |date=August 28, 2008 |title=On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity? |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Abamerika]] abasinga obungi bakkiririza mu maanyi oba amaanyi ag’omwoyo agasingako, beenyigira mu bikolwa eby’omwoyo ng’okusaba, era beetwala okuba ab’eddiini oba [[ab’omwoyo]] . <ref name="Kallo-2023">{{Cite web |last=Kallo |first=Becka |display-authors=etal |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Spirituality Among Americans |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spirituality-among-americans/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu " [[Bible Belt]] " ey'obukiikaddyo bwa Amerika, Obupolotesitante obw'enjiri bukola kinene mu buwangwa; [[New England]] ne Western America zitera okuba ez'ensi . <ref name="Williams-20232">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |last2=Smith |first2=Gregory A. |last3=Cooperman |first3=Alan |last4=Alper |first4=Becka A. |last5=Mohamed |first5=Besheer |last6=Rotolo |first6=Chip |last7=Tevington |first7=Patricia |last8=Nortey |first8=Justin |last9=Kallo |first9=Asta |last10=Diamant |first10=Jeff |date=February 26, 2025 |title=Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off/ |access-date=April 22, 2025 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mormonism]], ekibiina ky’aba [[Restorationist]] ekyatandikibwawo mu Amerika mu 1847, ye ddiini esinga mu Utah era ddiini enkulu mu Idaho. == Eby'obulamu byayo == Okusinziira ku [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde ekya Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi (life expectancy) mu Amerika gyatuuka ku myaka 79.0 mu 2024, nga guno gwe muwendo ogusinga obunene ogwawandiikibwa. Kino kyali kyeyongedde emyaka 0.6 okusinga omwaka 2023. Ekitongole kino ki CDC kyavudde ku kukendeera okw’amaanyi mu muwendo [[Drug overdose|gw’eddagala erisukkiridde eritta]] abantu mu ggwanga lino, ne kitegeeza nti “obulwadde bw’omutima bukyagenda mu maaso n’okutta abantu mu Amerika, nga buddirirwa [[Kokolo|kookolo]] n’obuvune obutaba bugenderere.” <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2026 |title=U.S. life expectancy hits record high as drug overdose deaths decline in 2024 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db548.htm |access-date=February 1, 2026 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Mu 2024, emyaka abasajja Abamerika gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi gyalinnya okutuuka ku myaka 76.5 (+0.7 emyaka bw’ogeraageranya ne 2023), ate bw’abakyala giri 81.4 (+0.3 years). Okutandika mu 1998, emyaka gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi mu Amerika gyagwa [[List of countries by life expectancy|emabega w'amawanga amalala agagagga agakulaakulanye mu by'amakolero]], era ekituli ky'Abamerika "obuzibu mu bulamu" kibadde kyeyongera okuva olwo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Commonwealth Fund kyategeeza mu 2020 nti Amerika ye yasinga okubaamu embeera z'okwetta mu [[mawanga agalina ennyingiza eyaawaggulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=New International Report on Health Care: U.S. Suicide Rate Highest Among Wealthy Nations {{!}} Commonwealth Fund |url=https://www.commonwealthfund.org/press-release/2020/new-international-report-health-care-us-suicide-rate-highest-among-wealthy |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Commonwealthfund.org |language=en}}</ref> Nga kimu kya kusatu eky’abantu abakulu mu Amerika balina omugejjo, ate ekirala kya kusatu bazito nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110002418/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-date=2009-01-10 |access-date=June 5, 2007 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics |url-status=live }}</ref> Ensaasaanya ku y’ebyobulamu mu Amerika esinga nnyo ey’ensi endala yonna, epimiddwa mu nsaasaanya ya buli muntu n’ebitundu ku kikumi ku GDP, naye efuna ebivaamu mu by’obulamu ebibi bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga bannaabwe olw’ensonga ezikubaganyizibwako ebirowoozo. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive? |url=https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.+HCweb.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309142240/https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2007 |access-date=November 29, 2006 |publisher=University of Maine |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amerika ye nsi yokka eyakulaakulana etalina nkola ya bulamu bwa bonna, era ekitundu ekinene eky'abantu abatalina yinsuwa y'ebyobulamu. Enkola y'okutuusa eby'obulamu ku baavu (Okusasulwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti eri abaavu ( [[Medicaid]] ) n’abo ab’emyaka 65 n’okudda waggulu ( [[Medicare]] ) weeri eri Abamerika abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’enyingiza oba emyaka gya pulogulaamu. Mu 2010, Pulezidenti [[Barack Obama]] yayisa etteeka eryayitibwa [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] . [ v ''[[Roe v. Wade|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]'' ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|​]]''[[Abortion in the United States|​]] [ w ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Abortion regulations by state |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616004753/https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=[[Ballotpedia]] |quote=HIGHLIGHTS {{blist|As of April 2, 2026, 41 states restricted abortions at specific stages of pregnancy. |The remaining nine states and Washington, D.C., did not. |Of the 41 states that restricted abortion, 12 restricted abortion beginning at the stage of fetal viability, which was defined in ''Roe v. Wade''. |Thirteen states restricted abortion after conception.}}}}</ref>Okuva kkooti enkulu lwe yasalawo mu 2022 ng'eyita mu ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, kino kyasinga ekya [[Roe v. Wade]] (1973) ekyali ku kuggyamu embuto tekikyakkirizibwa mu mateeka ga federo naye okukolebwa kwakyo kwekuusa ku mateeka agagobererwa mu masaza ag'enjawulo.'' == Eby'enjigiriza byayo == Ebyenjigiriza bya Amerika ebya pulayimale ne siniya, ebimanyiddwa mu Amerika nga [[K–12]] ("kindergarten through 12th grade"), biri mikono gya gavumeti wamu n'abobwannannyini. Enkola z’amasomero ziddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’amasaza, ez’ebitundu, n’oluusi eza munisipaali era nga zifugibwa ekitongole ky’ebyenjigiriza mu Amerika. Okutwaliza awamu, abaana balina okugenda ku ssomero oba [[essomero ly’awaka erikkirizibwa]] okuva ku myaka etaano oba mukaaga ( [[kindergarten]] oba [[first grade]] ) okutuusa lwe baweza emyaka 18. Kino kitera okuleeta abayizi okuyita mu [[siniya ey’ekkumi n’ebiri]], omwaka ogusembayo mu ssomero lya siniya erya Amerika, naye amasekkati n’ebitundu ebimu bibakkiriza okuva mu ssomero nga bukyali, ku myaka 16 oba 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ages for Compulsory School Attendance ... |url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp |access-date=June 10, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics}}</ref> Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku by’enjigiriza ku buli muyizi okusinga ensi endala yonna, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> nga buli mwaka buli muyizi wa gavumenti eya pulayimale ne siniya mu 2020–2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2020 |title=Fast Facts: Expenditures |url=https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=nces.ed.gov |language=EN}}</ref> Mu Bamerika ab’emyaka 25 n’okudda waggulu, 92.2% baatikkirwa mu siniya, 62.7% baagenda mu ttendekero erimu, 37.7% baafuna [[diguli esooka]], ate 14.2% baafuna diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational Attainment in the United States: 2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html |access-date=July 20, 2024 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika mu Amerika]] kumpi gwa bonna.<ref name="CIA-20183">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref>For more detail on U.S. literacy, see [https://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF A First Look at the Literacy of America's Adults in the 21st century], U.S. Department of Education (2003).</ref> Amerika efulumizza [[abawanguzi b'ekirabo kya Nobel abasinga obungi mu nsi yonna]], nga [[List of American Nobel laureates|411]] (ewangudde engule 413).<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022–2023 Best Global Universities Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Amatendekero aga waggulu mu Amerika gafunye erinnya mu nsi yonna. Yunivasite nnyingi ez’oku ntikko mu nsi yonna, nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa [[State university system|ebibiina]] eby’enjawulo ebikola ensengeka, ziri mu Amerika, nga ku 25 ezisinga 19 ku zo ziri mu America <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fink |first=Jenni |date=October 22, 2019 |title=U.S. Schools Take 8 of 10 Top Spots on U.S. News' Best Global Universities |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-news-best-global-universities-american-schools-dominate-top-10-1466768 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2023 |title=Best Countries for Education: North American and European countries are seen as offering the best opportunities for education. |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/best-countries-for-education |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> Amatendekero g’awaggulu mu America agasinga ga gavumenti wadde nga ag'obwannayini gayingiza abayizi Abamerika ebitundu 20%. KKolegi ez'omu kitundu okutwalira awamu gawa okuyingira mu lujjudde, ebisale ebitono, n’okukola emisomo egivaamu diguli ey’emyaka ebiri ey’omuyambi oba satifikeeti etali ya diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pannoni |first=Alexandra |last2=Kerr |first2=Emma |date=July 14, 2020 |title=Everything You Need to Know About Community Colleges: FAQ |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/community-colleges/articles/2015/02/06/frequently-asked-questions-community-college |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Ku nsaasaanya ya gavumenti ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu, Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku buli muyizi okusinga ku kigero kya [[OECD]], ate Abamerika basaasaanya ssente nnyingi okusinga amawanga gonna mu nsaasaanya ya gavumenti n’ey’obwannannyini wamu.<ref name="education spending">{{Cite news}}</ref> Amatendekero ga kkolegi ne yunivasite agaweebwa ssente butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya federo era tezisasula ssente za kusoma era zitwala bantu bamu omuli bannamagye n'abakozi ba gavumenti, omuli: abayivu mu by'obuweereza mu Amerika, essomero lya Naval Postgraduate School, n'amatendekero g'abakozi b'amagye. Wadde nga waliwo enteekateeka ezimu ez’okusonyiwa ebbanja ly’abayizi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Biden administration cancelled $9.5B in student loan debt. Here's who it affects. |url=https://usafacts.org/articles/the-biden-administration-cancelled-95b-in-student-loan-debt-heres-who-it-affects/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=USAFacts |language=en}}</ref> [[ebbanja lya looni y’abayizi]] lyeyongera ebitundu 102% wakati wa 2010 ne 2020, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> era ne lisukka doola akawumbi 1.7 mu mwaka gwa 2022.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Obuwangwa n’embeera z’abantu == Amerika maka ga, embu z'amawanga, obuwangwa, n'ennono ez’enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Lucas |date=August 22, 2014 |title=America's Tipping Point: Most Of U.S. Now Multicultural, Says Group |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/americas-tipping-point-most-u-s-now-multicultural-says-group-n186206 |access-date=July 30, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Eggwanga lino libadde lyogerwako ng'erina empisa z'okwefaako kwa ssekinnoomu n'okwefuga kw'omuntu, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> wamu n'empisa z'emirimu ez'amaanyi [[n'okuvuganya]] . [[Okufaayo]] ku balala nga kyeyagalire nakyo kikola kinene; <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=World Giving Index 2022 |url=https://good2give.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-CAF-World-Giving-Index.pdf |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Country-level estimates of altruism |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-variation-in-altruism |access-date=March 14, 2023 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsh |first=Abigail |date=February 5, 2018 |title=Could A More Individualistic World Also Be A More Altruistic One? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2018/02/05/581873428/could-a-more-individualistic-world-also-be-a-more-altruistic-one |access-date=March 14, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2016 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[Charities Aid Foundation]], Abamerika baawaayo 1.44% ku nnyingiza yaabwe yonna eri abazirakisa , nga gwe omuwendo [[List of countries by charitable donation|ogusinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna n’enjawulo ennene. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2016 |title=GROSS DOMESTIC PHILANTHROPY: An international analysis of GDP, tax and giving |url=https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-policy-and-campaigns/gross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf |access-date=July 18, 2022 |publisher=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> Abamerika okuva edda [[Stereotypes of Americans|babadde bamanyiddwa]] olw'enzikiriza y'ebyobufuzi ebagatta mu " American Creed " essa essira ku kukkiriza kw'abafugibwa, eddembe, obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka, [[demokulasiya]], [[obwenkanya mu bantu]], [[eddembe ly'obwannannyini]], n'okwagala [[gavumenti eriko ekkomo]]. [ x ]<ref>Hoeveler, J. David, ''Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges'', Rowman & Littlefield, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-4839-8}}, 2007, p. xi.</ref> Amerika efunye obuyinza obw'amaanyi amakalubo era n'amagonvu okuyita mu buyinza bwayo obw'obwenkanya, amaanyi gaayo mu by'enfuna, emikago gy'amagye, n'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga eby'obuwangwa nga firimu z'Amerika, ennyimba, emizannyo gya vidiyo, emizannyo, n'emmere.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Fergie|first1=Dexter|date=March 24, 2022|title=How American Culture Ate the World|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/165836/american-culture-ate-world-righteous-smokescreen-globalization-review|access-date=July 3, 2022|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Enkola ya Amerika mu kuleetera ensi endala okugifaanana ng'eyita mu maanyi amagonvu eyitibwa [[Americanization]]. Kumpi Abamerika bonna abaliwo oba bajjajjaabwe baava mu [[Bulaaya, Afirika, oba Asia]] (" [[Old World|Ensi Enkadde]] ") mu byasa bitaano ebiyise. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika [[obukulu]] buwangwa bwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba okusinga obusibuka mu nnono z’abasenguka Abazungu nga bulina ebikwatibwako okuva mu nsonda endala nnyingi, gamba [[ng’ennono ezaaleetebwa abaddu okuva mu Africa]]. Okusenguka okusembyeyo okuva mu [[Asia]] n’okusingira ddala [[Latin American culture|Latin America]] kwongera ku kutabula kw’obuwangwa okubadde okwogerwako ng’ensuwa esaanuuka, n’ebbakuli [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|ya kachumbaali]] ow’enjawulo, ng’abasenguka bayamba, emirundi mingi [[Assimilation (phonology)|okugatta]] mu buwangwa bwa Amerika obukulu. Mu [[nnongoosereza eyasooka mu Ssemateeka]], Amerika etwalibwa ng'erina [[obukuumi obw'amaanyi obw'eddembe ly'okwogera okusinga ensi endala yonna]] . Okutyoboola bendera, okwogera eby'obukyayi, okuvvoola, okuyisa amaaso mu mukulembeze w'eggwanga byonna ngeri za kwolesa okukuumibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2012 |title=Held Dear In U.S., Free Speech Perplexing Abroad |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/09/19/161439562/held-dear-in-u-s-free-speech-perplexing-abroad |access-date=March 4, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 11, 2008 |title=Hate speech or free speech? What much of West bans is protected in U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/world/americas/11iht-hate.4.13645369.html |url-access=limited |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durkee |first=Alison |date=April 25, 2018 |title=What if we didn't... have the First Amendment? |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/188402/what-if-we-didnt-have-the-first-amendment |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Mic |language=en}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center mu 2016 kwazuula nti Abamerika be basinga okuwagira eddembe ly’okwogera mu byobufuzi byonna ebipimiddwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wike |first=Richard |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Americans more tolerant of offensive speech than others in the world |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/12/americans-more-tolerant-of-offensive-speech-than-others-in-the-world/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, be "basinga okuwagira eddembe ly'amawulire n'eddembe ly'okukozesa yintaneeti awatali kusengejja gavumenti". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Alex |date=November 8, 2016 |title=Freedom of speech: which country has the most? |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/freedom-of-speech-country-comparison/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Amerika nsi ekulaakulanye mu mbeera z'abantu <ref>{{Harvnb|Norris|2023}}.</ref> ng'erina endowooza ey'okuguminkiriza ezeetoolodde kikula ky'abantu . <ref name="Derks-2020">{{Harvnb|Derks|van den Berg|2020|p=338}}.</ref> Eddembe lya LGBTQ mu Amerika lye limu ku lisinga ly'awaggulu okusinziira ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. <ref name="Derks-2020" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |date=December 4, 2009 |title=LGBT Equality Index: The most LGBT-friendly countries in the world |url=https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=[[Equaldex]] |quote=13.) United States}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvnb|Garretson|2018}}.</ref> Ekirooto ky’Amerika, oba endowooza nti Abamerika banyumirwa emitendera egy’okuyukakyuka mu bantu, kikola kinene mu kusikiriza abagwira. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clifton |first=Jon |date=March 21, 2013 |title=More Than 100 Million Worldwide Dream of a Life in the U.S. More than 25% in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Dominican Republic want to move to the U.S. |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/161435/100-million-worldwide-dream-life.aspx |access-date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Gallup}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Jay |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Attracting Immigrant Talent With A New American Dream |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/01/12/attracting-immigrant-talent-with-a-new-american-dream/ |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Okuba kw'endowooza eno entuufu ebadde nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. <ref name="socialmobility">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/chapter%205%20gfg%202010.pdf |access-date=September 20, 2010 |website=Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth |publisher=OECD}}</ref> <ref name="CAP">{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2006 |title=Understanding Mobility in America |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2006/04/26/1917/understanding-mobility-in-america/ |website=Center for American Progress}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gould |first=Elise |date=October 10, 2012 |title=U.S. lags behind peer countries in mobility |url=https://www.epi.org/publication/usa-lags-peer-countries-mobility/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |website=[[Economic Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Wadde ng’obuwangwa obukulu bugamba nti Amerika nsi etaliimu madaala g'awula bantu, abakenkufu balaba enjawulo ennene wakati w'amadaala g’abantu mu ggwanga, ekikosa [[enkolagana y’abantu]], olulimi, n’empisa. Abamerika batera okutwala ennyo ebituukiddwaako mu by’enfuna by'abantu ng’ekikulu, naye okubeera owa bulijjo oba owa wakati kitumbulwa abamu ng’embeera ey’ekikungu nayo. [[Ekitongole kya National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities]] kitongole kya gavumenti ya Amerika eya federo ekyatandikibwawo mu 1965 n'ekigendererwa eky'oku "kulaakulanya n'okutumbula enkola y'eggwanga eyalowoozebwa mu bugazi ey'okuwagira eby'obuntubulamu n'eby'emikono mu Amerika, n'olw'ebitongole ebikuuma eby'obuwangwa bya Amerika." <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-foundation-on-the-arts-and-the-humanities |access-date=October 1, 2022 |website=[[Federal Register]]}}</ref> == Ebyagiwandiikibwako == Abawandiisi b’Amerika ab’amatwale baakwatibwako [[John Locke]] n’abawi b'endowooza abalala . Ekiseera ky'enkyukakyuka mu Amerika (175–1783) kyeyoleka nnyo olw'ebiwandiiko by'ebyobufuzi ebya [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[Thomas Paine]], ne [[Thomas Jefferson]] . Akaseera katono [[ng’olutalo lw’enkyukakyuka terunnabaawo]], olupapula luno lwalinnya mu ttutumu, ne lujjuza obwetaavu bw’ebiwandiiko by’eggwanga ebyali biwakanya Bungereza. <ref>Mulford, Carla.</ref> Omuzannyo ogwasooka gwe gwa [[William Hill Brown]] ogwa ''[[The Power of Sympathy]]'', ogwafulumizibwa mu 1791. Omuwandiisi era omuvumirira [[John Neal]] ku ntandikwa okutuuka mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda yayamba okutumbula Amerika okutuuka ku biwandiiko n’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo ng’avumirira abasooka nga [[Washington Irving]] olw’okukoppa bannaabwe ab’e Bungereza, era ng’akwata ku bawandiisi nga [[Edgarn Poe]], eyatwala ebitontome by’Amerika n’ebitontome ebimpi mu makubo amapya. [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] ne [[Margaret Fuller be]] baatandikawo ekibiina kya [[Transcendentalism]] ekyalina amaanyi mu bantu; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finseth |first=Ian Frederick |title=The Emergence of Transcendentalism |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/trans.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718205554/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA95/finseth/trans.html |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |access-date=November 9, 2014 |website=American Studies @ The University of Virginia |publisher=[[The University of Virginia]]}}</ref> [[Henry David Thoreau]], omuwandiisi w'ekitabo ''[[Walden]]'', yasikirizibwa ekibiina kino. Enkaayana ezaali zeetoololera ku [[enkola y’okuggyawo abaddu|nkola y’okuggyawo abaddu]] zaaluŋŋamya abawandiisi, nga [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], n’abawandiisi abaali boogera ku baddu, nga [[Frederick Douglass]] . Ekitabo kya [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] ekiyitibwa ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1850) kyanoonyereza ku ludda olw’ekizikiza mu byafaayo bya Amerika, nga bwe kyali mu kitabo kya [[Herman Melville]] ekya ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' (1851). Abayimbi abakulu mu Amerika ab’omu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okuzzaawo eddiini y’Amerika kuliko [[Walt Whitman]], Melville, ne [[Emily Dickinson]]. [[Mark Twain]] ye muwandiisi omukulu Omumerika eyasooka okuzaalibwa mu mawanga g'obugwanjuba. [[Henry James]] yafuna okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna n’ebitabo bye nga ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'' (1881). Ng’omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika gweyongera, aba periodicals baafulumyanga byafulumya emboozi endala ezaali zeetooloolera ku bakozi mu makolero, abakyala, n’abaavu ab’omu byalo. Enzikiriza y’obutonde ([[Naturalism]]) enkola y’ebitundu, ([[regionalism]]) n’enkola ey’amazima ( [[realism]]) bye byali ebibiina ebikulu omwaggyibwanga emiramwa mu biwandiiko mu kiseera ekyo.   Wadde ng’okutwalira awamu [[enkola y’omulembe]] yafuna okusaasaana mu nsi yonna, abawandiisi ab’omulembe abaali bakola munda mu Amerika baali batera okusimba emirandira gy’emirimu gyabwe mu bitundu, abantu, n’obuwangwa ebimu. Oluvannyuma lw’okusenguka okwamaanyi okugenda mu bibuga eby’obukiikakkono, abawandiisi Abafirika-Abamerika n’abaddugavu [[aba West Indian]] ab’omulembe gw’okuzzaawo eddiini mu Harlem baakola ennono eyetongodde ey’ebiwandiiko eyavumirira ebyafaayo ebyalimu enjawukana mu madaala g'abantu era nga bakuza obuwangwa bw’abaddugavu. Ekikulu eky'obuwangwa okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga mu [[kiseera kya Jazz]], ebiwandiiko bino byali bikulu nnyo ku ''[[Négritude]]'', nga eno yali ndowooza eyajja gya 1930 mu bawandiisi aba francophone ab'omu Afirika abali mu nsi endala.<ref>[[Hortense Spillers|Spillers, Hortense]].</ref>[[Great American Novel|​]] [[Beat Generation|​]] <ref>{{harvnb|Lauter|1994b|pp=1975–1977}}.</ref> Mu myaka gya 1950, ekirowoozo ky'okuba n'embeera ezifaanagana yaleetera abawandiisi bangi okugezaako okuwandiika ekitabo ekya [[Great American Novel]],nga omulembe gwa [[Beat Generation]] bo baagaana endowooza eno nga bakozesa engeri ezaasitula ebyali biva mu kwogera ebitaali bya kukola bikolwa okunnyonnyola okukozesa ebiragalalagala, embeera z'ekikula, n'okulemwa mu bantu. Ebiwandiiko eby’omulembe guno bitunuulira nnyo ebintu mu bungi okusinga mu mirembe egyayita, ng’ekintu ekisinga okuba okumpi n’ekintu ekigatta abantu gwe muze gw’okugezesa olulimi . Aba Amerika 12 abawangula baabawa ekirabo kya [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=All Nobel Prizes in Literature |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/all/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=The Nobel Prize |publisher=Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024}}</ref> == Ebyempuliziganya byayo == Ebitongole ebina ebikulu ebiweereza ku mpewo mu Amerika byebya; kampuni ya [[National Broadcasting Company]] (NBC), [[Columbia Broadcasting System]] (CBS), [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC), ne [[Fox Broadcasting Company]] (Fox). Emikutu gya ttivvi ena emikulu egy’okuweereza ku mpewo gyonna gya bya busuubuzi. Ekitongole kya [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) kye kitongole ekinene mu ggwanga ekiweereza ku mpewo z'olukale ezitali za bya busuubuzi ; <ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 10, 2018 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> era egaba pulogulaamu z’ebyenjigiriza ng’eyita mu ndaga PBS ez’omu kitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terbo |first=William |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=WFYI}}</ref> Enkola ya [[U.S. cable television system]] egaba ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emikutu egikola ku bifo eby’enjawulo. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2021, nga 83% ku Abamerika abasukka mu myaka 12 baawuliriza [[leediyo ku mpewo]], ate nga 40% baawuliriza [[podcasts]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2021 |title=Audio and Podcasting Fact Sheet |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/audio-and-podcasting/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka ogwali guyise, waaliwo leediyo 15,460 ezaalina layisinsi okukola wonna mu Amerika okusinziira ku kakiiko k’ebyempuliziganya aka Federal Communications Commission (FCC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=BROADCAST STATION TOTALS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 |url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-367270A1.pdf |website=docs.fcc.gov}}</ref> Okuweereza ku leediyo z'olukale kusinga kuweebwa [[leediyo ya ggwanga]] (NPR), eyassibwawo mu Gwokubiri 1970 wansi [[w'etteeka ly'okuweereza ku mpewo mu lujjudde erya 1967]] . <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empapula z'amawulire mu Amerika ezituuse mu nsi yonna era ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ne ''[[USA Today]]'' . [[List of Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States|Ebiwandiiko nga 800]] bifulumizibwa mu lulimi Olusipeyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Newspapers in United States |url=https://www.w3newspapers.com/usa/spanish |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=W3newspapers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Language Newspapers in the USA: Hispanic Newspapers: Periódiscos en Español en los EE.UU |url=https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626114455/https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=Onlinenewspapers.com}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko abatono, empapula z’amawulire za bwannannyini, oba enjegere ennene nga [[Gannett Company|Gannett]] oba [[The McClatchy Company|McClatchy]], ezirina empapula z’amawulire amakumi oba n’ebikumi; nga bakozesa enjegere entonotono ezirina empapula entonotono; oba mu mbeera eyeeyongera okubeera etali ya bulijjo, mu bantu ssekinnoomu oba amaka. Ebibuga ebinene bitera okuba n’empapula [[z’amawulire endala]] okujjuuliriza empapula z’amawulire enkulu eza buli lunaku, gamba nga ''[[The Village Voice]]'' mu kibuga New York ne ''[[LA Weekly]]'' mu Los Angeles. Emikutu etaano egisinga okukyalibwa mu nsi yonna ye [[Google]], [[YouTube]], [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], ne [[ChatGPT]] &#x2014; gyonna gya Amerika. Emikutu emirala egyamanyiddwa ennyo egyakozesebwa mulimu [[X (social network)|X]] (eyali Twitter) ne [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] . <ref name="alexa-topsitesus">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Top Sites in United States |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621221154/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |publisher=Alexa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2026 |title=Similarweb Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=January 9, 2026 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Mu 2025, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu katale k'emizannyo gya vidiyo okusinziira ku nfuna (oluvannyuma lwa China). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top countries and markets by video game revenues |url=https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues |access-date=October 28, 2025 |website=Newzoo}}</ref> Mu 2015, ekitongole ky’emizannyo gya vidiyo mu Amerika kyalimu kkampuni 2,457 ezaawa abantu emirimu nga 220,000 era nga ziyingiza obuwumbi bwa ddoola 30.4. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 15, 2017 |title=The U.S. game industry has 2,457 companies supporting 220,000 jobs |url=https://gamesbeat.com/the-u-s-game-industry-has-2457-companies-supporting-220000-jobs/ |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=GamesBeat |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu California yokka mulimu abafulumya emizannyo, abagizimba, n’abakola ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kukola emizannyo 444. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2017 |title=California (CA) |url=https://www.theesa.com/video-game-impact-map/state/california/ |access-date=December 14, 2022 |website=ESA Impact Map |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[Game Developers Conference|lukungaana lwa Game Developers Conference]] (GDC), Amerika kye kifo ekisinga okukulaakulanya emizannyo gya vidiyo, nga 58% ku [[bakola emizannyo]] mu nsi yonna baali basinziira eyo mu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2025 |title=Number of Devs Aged 45 or Older Has Tripled Since 2015 |url=https://80.lv/articles/number-of-devs-aged-45-or-older-has-tripled-since-2015 |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=80.lv |language=en}}</ref> [[Eddembe ly'emikutu gy'amawulire]] lyateekebwa mu kibinja kya "ekirimu ebizibu" ekitongole ekya [[Reporters Without Borders]] mu 2026, era abamanyi bakirabye nti okusengejja n'okwesengejja kwa ssekinnoomu kweyongedde nnyo mu myaka egiyise. <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Index 2026 – Global score |url=https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2026 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=en}}</ref> Amerika emanyiddwa nnyo olw’ebifo awazannyirwa katemba. Ekifo ekikulu mu Amerika kiva mu nnono ya katemba enkadde ey'Abazungu era abadde akwatibwako nnyo [[katemba w'Abangereza]]. Mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda, Amerika yali etonzeewo engeri empya ez’enjawulo ez’emizannyo mu [[Tom Shows]], [[Showboat|showboat theatre]] ne minstrel show.<ref>Meserve, Walter J. An Outline History of American Drama, New York: Feedback/Prospero, 1994.</ref> Ekifo ekisinga obukulu awazannyirwa katemba mu Amerika ye Theatre District mu Manhattan, ng'erina enjawulo zaayo okuli [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], [[off-Broadway]], ne [[off-off-Broadway]]. Bangi ku [[basereebu]] ba firimu ne ttivvi bafunye empummula zabwe ennene nga bakola mu kufulumya kw'omu New York. Ebweru w’ekibuga New York, ebibuga bingi birina kkampuni za katemba ez’ekikugu ez’omu kitundu oba ez’abatuuze ezikola sizoni zaazo. Ebikolwa bya katemba ebisinga okubeera ku mbalirira biba bya nnyimba. Katemba wa Amerika alina obuwangwa bwa katemba w’ekitundu obukola.<ref>Stephen Watt, and Gary A. Richardson, ''American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary'' (1994).</ref> [[Tony Awards]] zisiima okukola obulungi mu katemba wa Broadway obutereevu era nga ziweebwa ku awaadi za mukolo ogutegekebwa buli mwaka mu [[kibuga Manhattan]] . Engule zino ziweebwa ku pulodyusoni za Broadway n’okuyimba. Ekimu era kiweebwa ku [[katemba w'ekitundu]] . <ref>Staff (undated).</ref> == Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige byayo == [[Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige ebikwata ku buuvo bw'abantu]] mu [[Colonial america|Amerika ey’abafuzi b'amatwale]] byakula okuva mu [[Workmanship|by’emikono]] mu bitundu ebyasobozesa abantu abatendekeddwa bulijjo okulaga kyebasobola ssekinnoomu. Byali bya njawulo ku nnono ya Bulaaya ey’ebifaananyi [[eby’ekika ekya waggulu]], nga byo bali bizibu nnyo okusanga era okutwalira awamu nga tebirina nnyo mugaso eri abasenze b’Abamerika abaasooka. <ref>American folk art the art of the common man in America, 1750-1900.</ref> Enteekateeka z’ebyobuwangwa mu by’emikono mu Amerika ey’amatwale okutwalira awamu zaali zisigadde mabega w’ezo ez'obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Ng’ekyokulabirako, omusono ogw’omulembe ogw’omu makkati ogw’[[okukola embaawo]] [[n’okubumba]] eby’edda gwafuuka gwa mugaso nnyo mu by’emikono eby’abantu ab’omu Amerika ebyaggyangayo obuvo, wadde [[ng’emisono gy’okuzzaawo eddiini]] gyavaayo mu Bungereza ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga n’okutandika kw’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomusanvu. Emisono emipya egy’Abangereza gyandibadde gyeyambisibwa nga bukyali okusobola okukola kinene ku by’emikono eby’abantu b’omu Amerika, naye emisono n’engeri z’Abamerika zaali zannyikira dda mu bantu n’amaanyi. Emisono tegyakoma ku kukyuka mpola mu Amerika eyasooka, naye waaliwo omuze gw’abakozi b’emikono ab’omu byalo eyo okugenda mu maaso n’engeri zaabwe ez’ennono okumala ebbanga eddene okusinga bannaabwe ab’omu bibuga era nga ng'ekiseera kyali kiwanvu nnyo okusinga ekyabo ab'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Essomero lya [[Hudson River School]] lyali kibiina eky’omu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda mu nnono y’ebifaananyi [[eby’obutonde]] bw’Abazungu . [[Omwoleso gw’eby’okulwanyisa ogwategekebwa]] mu kibuga New York mu 1913,gwali omwoleso ow’ebifaananyi [[Modern art|eby’omulembe]] eby’Abazungu, gwawuniikiriza abantu era ne gukyusa ekifo ky’ebyemikono mu Amerika. [[American Realism]] ne [[American Regionalism]] zaafuba okwefumiitiriza n’okuwa Amerika engeri empya ez’okwetunuulira. [[Georgia O'Keeffe|Georgia O’Keeffe]], [[Marsden Hartley]], n’abalala baagezesa emisono emipya era egy’omuntu ssekinnoomu, egyandimanyiddwa nga [[American modernism]] . Enteekateeka ennene ez’eby’emikono nga [[abstract expressionism]] eya [[Jackson Pollock]] ne [[Willem de Kooning]] n’enkola ya [[pop art]] eya [[Andy Warhol]] ne [[Roy Lichtenstein]] zaakulaakulana nnyo mu Amerika. Abakubi b'ebifaananyi abakulu kuliko [[Alfred Stieglitz]], [[Edward Steichen]], [[Dorothea Lange]], [[Edward Weston]], [[James Van Der Zee]], [[Ansel Adams]] ne [[Gordon Parks]] . Omuyaga [[Modernism|gw’ebyomulembe]] n’ebyaddirira oluvannyuma [[Postmodernism|lw’omulembe]] guleese ettutumu mu nsi yonna eri abakubi b’ebifaananyi ab’omu Amerika, omuli [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Philip Johnson]], ne [[Frank Gehry]]. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] mu [[Manhattan]] lye [[Art museum|kkaddiyizo ly’ebyemikono]] erisinga obunene mu Amerika <ref name="METLargestArtMuseum">{{Cite news |last=Lester |first=Alfred |date=December 6, 1993 |title=Letter: The Louvre: tourism on the grand scale |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letter-the-louvre-tourism-on-the-grand-scale-1465736.html |access-date=December 2, 2023 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> era lye [[List of largest art museums|lyokuna]] mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Largest Art Museums In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-art-museums-in-the-world.html |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ennyimba z’abantu mu Amerika ez'obuwangwa zizingiramu ebika by’ennyimba bingi, eby’enjawulo ebimanyiddwa nga ennyimba ez’ekinnansi, ennyimba z’obuwangwa, ennyimba z’abantu ez’omulembe, oba ennyimba z’obuvo. Ennyimba nnyingi ez’ennono ziyimbibwa mu ttuluba ge gamu oba mu kibiina ky’abantu okumala emirembe, era oluusi zidda mu nsibuko ng’[[ebizinga by’e Bungereza]], [[Bulaaya enkulu]], oba [[Afirika]]. <ref name="afc">{{Cite web |title=Folk Music and Song: American Folklife Center: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress) |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/guide/folkmusicandsong.html |website=Loc.gov}}</ref> Emisono gy’ennyimba naddala egy’ennyimba z’Abafirika-Abamerika gifudde ku nnyimba z'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2016 |title=Musical Crossroads: African American Influence on American Music |url=https://music.si.edu/story/musical-crossroads |access-date=April 14, 2023 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> [[Banjo]] zaaleetebwa mu Amerika nga ziyita mu kusuubula abaddu. [[Ebivvulu bya Minstrel]] okuyingiza ekivuga kino mu bikolwa byabwe era kyakiviirako okwettanirwa ennyo n’okufulumizibwa ennyo mu kyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. [[Electric guitar|Endongo ey’amasannyalaze]], eyasooka okuyiiyizibwa mu myaka gya 1930, era n’ekolebwa mu bungi mu myaka gya 1940, yalina kinene nnyo kye yakola ku nnyimba ezimanyiddwa ennyo, naddala [[rock and roll]] . <ref name="axe">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> The [[synthesizer]], [[turntablism]], ne [[electronic music]] nabyo byakolebwa nnyo mu Amerika. Emiramwa egy'enjawulo egyaggyibwa mu bisoko by'obuwangwa bw’abantu nga [[blues]] n’ennyimba ez’edda byatwalibwa ne bifuulibwa [[ennyimba ez’ettutumu]] eri abalabi ab’ensi yonna. [[Jazz]] yakula okuva mu blues ne [[ragtime]] ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, n'ekulaakulana okuva mu buyiiya n'okukwata ennyimba z'abayimbi nga [[W.C. Handy|WC Handy]] ne [[Jelly Roll Morton]] . [[Louis Armstrong]] ne [[Duke Ellington]] baayongera okwettanirwa ku dikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Ennyimba eziyitibwa[[country music]] zaakyaka mu myaka gya 1920, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoia |first=Nicholas |date=October 21, 2014 |title=Early blues and country music |url=https://blog.oup.com/2014/10/early-blues-country-music/ |website=OUP blog |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> eza[[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bluegrass music |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/bluegrass-music |access-date=June 19, 2020 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> and [[rhythm and blues]] mu myaka gya 1940, ne rock and roll mu myaka gya 1950. <ref name="axe2">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Bob Dylan]] yava mu [[American folk music revival|kuvumirira ennyimba ennansi]]<nowiki/>n’afuuka omu ku bawandiisi b’ennyimba abasinga okumanyika mu ggwanga. <ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 10, 2020|title=No. 1 Bob Dylan|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/interactive/lists-100-greatest-songwriters/#bob-dylan|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 29, 2021}}</ref> Ebika by’ennyimba ebya [[Punk rock|punk]] ne [[hip hop]] byombi byasibuka mu Amerika mu myaka gya 1970. Amerika y’erina [[List of largest recorded music markets|akatale k’ennyimba akasinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna, ng’omuwendo gwa ddoola obuwumbi 15.9 mu 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report |url=https://www.riaa.com/reports/2022-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/ |access-date=November 26, 2023 |publisher=Record Industry Association of America |language=en-US}}</ref> era y’esinga okutunda ennyimba ebweru w’eggwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Posada |first=Susana Pérez |date=2025-11-06 |title=Made in the USA: American artists rule Spotify at home and abroad |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/entertainment/article312069840.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[The Bellingham Herald]] |quote=America exports more music than any other country.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=2021-06-16 |title=British music exports reach a record high |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57486272 |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB |quote=According to the BPI, the UK is still the largest exporter of music in the world, after the USA [...]}}</ref> [[Record label#Major labels|Kkampuni ezisinga ezikola ddisiki]] mu nsi yonna zisangibwa mu Amerika; bakiikirirwa ekibiina ekigatta amakolero agakwata ennyimba ekya [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hennessy |first=Eoin |date=March 27, 2014 |title=How American Music Took Over the World |url=https://universitytimes.ie/2014/03/how-american-music-took-over-the-world/ |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=[[The University Times]]}}</ref> Abayimbi ba Pop mu Amerika mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Frank Sinatra]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=10 ways that Frank Sinatra changed the world |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/12/08/10-ways-frank-sinatra-changed-world/76381754/ |access-date=June 24, 2021 |website=USA Today}}</ref> ne [[Elvis Presley]], <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-universal-music-elvis-idCAKCN2M40UH |access-date=April 12, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> baafuuka [[Superstar|basereebu mu nsi yonna]] [[List of best-selling music artists|n’abayimbi abasinga okutunda ennyimba]], nga n’abayimbi ab’oku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Michael Jackson]], <ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2015 |title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification |url=https://www.riaa.com/michael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification/ |access-date=December 17, 2021 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> [[Madonna]], <ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcos |first=Carlos |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Madonna has been scandalizing people for 40 years, and nobody's going to stop her |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-08-17/madonna-has-been-scandalizing-people-for-40-years-and-nobodys-going-to-stop-her.html |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=[[El País]]}}</ref> [[Whitney Houston]], <ref name="Rolling Stone-2023">{{cite magazine|date=January 1, 2023|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/whitney-houston-11-1234643211/|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 2, 2023}}</ref> ne [[Mariah Carey]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey To Receive Global Impact Award At Recording Academy Honors Presented By The Black Music Collective |url=https://grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202011657/https://www.grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Grammy Awards}}</ref> n’aba ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa 21, nga [[Eminem]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=11 Guinness World Records Eminem Still Holds |url=http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914224707/http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> [[Britney Spears]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Katy Perry]], [[Taylor Swift]] ne [[Beyoncé]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Taylor Swift and Beyoncé reporters wanted by biggest newspaper chain in US |url=https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109015600/https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |access-date=November 8, 2023 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> == Emisono gyabwe == Amerika y’esinga akatale [[Apparel|k’engoye]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2024 |title=Global Apparel Industry Statistics (2024) |url=https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/global-apparel-industry-statistics |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=uniformmarket.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Apart from professional [[business attire]], emisono gy’Abamerika gya njawulo era nga gisinga kuba gya mu butongole. Emirandira gy’obuwangwa egy’enjawulo egy’Abamerika gyeyolekera mu ngoye zaabwe; wabula, [[Sneaker|enkampa]], [[Jeans|jjiini]], [[T-shirts|ebiteeteeyi]], [[Baseball cap|n’enkoofiira za baseball]] kabonero ka sitayiro z’Abamerika. <ref name="AmericanClassicFashion">{{Cite web |title=American Classics How seven everyday clothing items became American style staples. |url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/01/style/american-style-classics/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> New York, ne [[New York Fashion Week|wiiki yaayo ey'emisono]], etwalibwa ng'emu ku "Big Four" [[Fashion capital|ebibuga ebikulu eby'emisono]] mu nsi yonna, wamu ne [[Paris Fashion Week|Paris]], [[Milan Fashion Week|Milan]], ne [[London Fashion Week|London]] . Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti okutwalira awamu okubeera okumpi [[Garment District, Manhattan|n’ekitundu ky’engoye mu Manhattan]] kibadde kikwatagana n’emisono gy’Abamerika okuva lwe gyatandikibwawo ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. <ref name="GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS">{{Cite web |last=Caplin |first=John |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Made In New York: The Future Of New York City's Historic Garment District |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncaplan/2021/09/01/made-in-new-york-the-future-of-new-york-citys-historic-garment-district/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=[[Forbes]] |quote=Spanning just about 20 square blocks between [[Times Square]] and [[Penn Station (New York)|Penn Station]] along [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]] (also known as "Fashion Avenue"), the vibrant and always-busy neighborhood has a long and rich history that has become synonymous with American fashion since its inception more than a century ago.}}</ref> [[Designer label|Abayimbi abamanyiddwa ennyo abakola engoye]] abawerako nga mu bano mulimu [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Ralph Lauren Corporation|Ralph Lauren]], [[Tom Ford (brand)|Tom Ford]] ne [[Calvin Klein (fashion house)|Calvin Klein]], ekitebe kyabwe kibeera mu [[Manhattan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Calvin Klein, Inc. |url=https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=calvinklein.us |archive-date=June 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608132020/https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About US – Polo Ralph Lauren |url=https://corporate.ralphlauren.com/our-company |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=[[Ralph Lauren Corporation]]}}</ref> Labels cater to [[Niche market|niche markets]], gamba nga abaana abato. [[New York Fashion Week|Wiiki y’emisono mu New York]] y’emu ku mwoleso gw’emisono ogusinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna, era buli mwaka gutegekebwa emirundi ebiri mu Manhattan; <ref name="USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter">{{Cite news |last=Juarez |first=Diana |date=October 4, 2023 |title=The Economic Impact of New York Fashion Week |url=https://thefordhamram.com/93053/news/fashion-week/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |work=The Fordham Ram}}</ref> ekivvulu kya [[Met Gala]] ekitegekebwa buli mwaka, era nga kiri mu Manhattan, kibadde kiyitibwa "ekiro ekisinga obunene mu nsi y'emisono". <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1">{{Cite web |last=Bauman |first=Ali |date=May 1, 2023 |title=Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/ |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]}}</ref> == Firimu zaabwe == Ekisaawe kya firimu mu Amerika kirina [[Global Hollywood|obuyinza mu nsi yonna era kirina abagoberezi]] . [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], disitulikiti eri mu masekkati ga Los Angeles, ekibuga ekyokubiri mu ggwanga mu bungi bw’abantu, nakyo [[Metonymous|kimanyiddwa nnyo]] mu mulimu gw’okukola firimu mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite book |year=1914 |title=Annual Report of the Controller of the City of Los Angeles, California |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VbOAAAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA193 |publisher=By[[Office controller|Office of Controller]] Los Angeles, CA (1914) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |year=1913 |title=Report of the Auditor of the City of Los Angeles California of the Financial Affairs of the Corporation in Its Capacity as a City for the Fiscal Year |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPo2AQAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA173 |publisher=By [[State auditor|Auditor's Office]] of Los Angeles, CA (1913) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30707|title=Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second-largest film producer|publisher=United Nations|date=May 5, 2009|access-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref> [[Major film studios|Situdiyo za firimu ennene]] mu Amerika ze zisinga okuvaamu firimu [[List of highest-grossing films|ezisinga okukola obulungi mu by’obusuubuzi]] ezisinga okutunda tikiti mu nsi yonna.   Okusinga nga yeesigamiziddwa mu kitundu ky’ekibuga New York okuva ku ntandikwa yaakyo ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda okutuuka mu myaka egyasooka egy’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannapell, Andrea |date=October 4, 1998 |title=Getting the Big Picture; The Film Industry Started Here and Left. Now It's Back, and the State Says the Sequel Is Huge. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219034718/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Market Data |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515002140/https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=The Numbers |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amith, Dennis |date=January 1, 2011 |title=Before Hollywood There Was Fort Lee, N.J.: Early Movie Making in New Jersey (a J!-ENT DVD Review) |url=https://j-entonline.com/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222043615/http://j-entonline.com/blu-ray-dvd-reviews/dvd-reviews-film-tv/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=J!-ENT |language=en-US |quote=When Hollywood, California, was mostly orange groves, Fort Lee, New Jersey, was a center of American film production.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose, Lisa |date=April 29, 2012 |title=100 years ago, Fort Lee was the first town to bask in movie magic |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929115649/https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=[[NJ.com]] |language=en-US |quote=Back in 1912, when Hollywood had more cattle than cameras, Fort Lee was the center of the cinematic universe. Icons from the silent era like Mary Pickford, Lionel Barrymore, and Lillian Gish crossed the Hudson River via ferry to emote on Fort Lee back lots.}}</ref> okuva olwo omulimu gwa firimu mu Amerika gubadde gusinga kwesigama mu Hollywood n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo. Wadde kiri kityo, kkampuni za firimu mu Amerika zibadde zifugibwa amaanyi g’[[okugatta ensi yonna]] mu kyasa 21, era omuwendo gwa firimu ogweyongera okukolebwa awalala. <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-landis-rails-studios-theyre-659222|title=John Landis Rails Against Studios: 'They're Not in the Movie Business Anymore'|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=January 24, 2015}}</ref> Awaadi za [[Academy Awards]], ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga "the Oscars", zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] okuva mu 1929, era [[Golden Globes]] zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka okuva mu January 1944. Omulimu guno gwatuuka ku ntikko mu kiseera ekitera okuyitibwa " [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of Hollywood]] ", okuva mu kiseera ky'amaloboozi ekyasooka okutuuka ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1960, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Charles |date=June 3, 2011 |title=Book explores Hollywood 'Golden Age' of the 1960s-'70s |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-explores-hollywood-golden-age-of-the-1960s-70s/2011/02/10/AGh5xJIH_story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> nga bannakatemba ba screen nga [[John Wayne]] ne [[Marilyn Monroe]] bafuuka abantu abamanyiddwa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Banner |first=Lois |date=August 5, 2012 |title=Marilyn Monroe, the eternal shape shifter |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rick |first=Jewell |date=August 8, 2008 |title=John Wayne, an American Icon |url=https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822102812/https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-date=August 22, 2008 |access-date=August 6, 2015 |publisher=University of Southern California}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, " [[New Hollywood]] ", oba "Hollywood Renaissance", yannyonnyolwa firimu ezisingako obugumu ezakwatibwako ebifaananyi eby'amazima eby'Abafaransa n'Abayitale [[Aftermath of World War II|eby'ekiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]] . Ekyasa 21 kibadde kimanyiddwa nnyo olw’okulinnya [[kw’emikutu gy’Amerika egy’okutambuza amawulire]], egyajja okuvuganya ne sinema ez’ennono. <ref name="RE">{{Cite news |last=Seitz |first=Matt Zoller |author-link=Matt Zoller Seitz |date=April 29, 2019 |title=What's Next: Avengers, MCU, Game of Thrones, and the Content Endgame |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/mzs/avengers-mcu-and-the-content-endgame |access-date=July 21, 2021 |work=[[RogerEbert.com]] |publisher=Ebert Digital LLC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Hannah |date=January 18, 2023 |title=US streaming market growth continues, despite changes in the industry |url=https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/technology/us-streaming-market-growth-continues-despite-changes-in-the-industry |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=[[Kantar Group]]}}</ref> == Ebika by'emmere yaabwe == Abasenze abaasooka baayingizibwa mu Amerika enzaalwa emmere nga [[Turkey as food|enkoko]] [[Lumonde awusse|enzungu, amatooke]], [[Maize|kasooli]], [[Cucurbita|squash]] ne [[maple syrup]] . Ku byokulabirako ebisinga okuwangaala era ebibunye buli wamu bye bikyukakyuka mu mmere enzaaliranwa eyitibwa [[succotash]] . Abaasooka okusenga n’oluvannyuma abasenguka bino baagatta n’emmere gye baali bamanyidde ddala, gamba [[Wheat flour|ng’obuwunga bw’eŋŋaano]], <ref name="Wheat">{{Cite web |title=Wheat Info |url=https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011012758/https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |access-date=January 15, 2015 |website=Wheatworld.org}}</ref> ennyama y’ente, n’amata, ne bakola emmere ey’enjawulo ey’Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Indigenous Recipes |url=https://aihd.ku.edu/recipes/index.html |access-date=September 15, 2014 |publisher=American Indian Health and Diet Project}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Akenuwa |first=Ambrose |date=July 1, 2015 |title=Is the United States Still the Land of the Free and Home to the Brave? |url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/is-the-united-states-still-the-land-of-the/id1017814038 |publisher=Lulu Press |isbn=978-1-329-26112-9 |pages=92–94 |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> [[New World crops|Ebirime by’ensi empya]], naddala [[Pumpkin|entangawuuzi]], kasooli, [[Potatoes|amatooke]], n’enkoko enganda ng’emmere enkulu kitundu ku mmenyu y’eggwanga egabanyizibwa ku [[Thanksgiving (United States)|lunaku lw’okwebaza]], ng’Abamerika bangi bateekateeka oba bagula emmere ey’ekinnansi okujaguza omukolo guno. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] <references /> qtudryhwcfulc3sxqzavimmtjwbpyf3 Charles Olaro 0 15449 78155 68254 2026-11-08T00:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78155 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Charles Olaro''' Munnayuganda omusawo omukulu omukugu mu kulongoosa, mu by’obulamu mu bantu, era nga ye Dayirekita w’ebyobulamu mu [[Minisitule Evunaanyizibwa ku By'obulamu mu Uganda|Minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Uganda]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |title=Dr. Charles Olaro - Ministry of Health - Uganda |url=https://health.go.ug/member/dr-charles-olaro/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111233226/https://health.go.ug/member/dr-charles-olaro/ |archive-date=2025-11-11 |access-date=2026-07-23 |work=Ministry of Health - Uganda |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Musenze |first=John |date=2026-04-01 |title=People: Dr Olaro becomes Clarke University’s first Professor of Practice |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/people/dr-olaro-becomes-clarke-universitys-first-pro-NV_231034_082026 |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Muhimba |first=Samuel |date=2025-05-15 |title=Museveni appoints Charles Olaro as director of Health Services |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/health/258555/museveni-appoints-charles-olaro-as-director-of-health-services |access-date=2026-07-23 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Olaro yazaalibwa mu [[Ngora (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Ngora]] mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku Ngora Primary School nga tanaba kwegatta ku Manjasi High School mu 1982 okusoma siniya eyokuna. Yasoma siniya eyomukaaga ku ssomero lya [[Namilyango College]], era ne yewandiisa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]] okusoma obusawo mu 1988.<ref name=":1">https://endowment.mak.ac.ug/pages/standing-tall-at-the-helm-of-ugandas-health-system/</ref> Olaro yatikkirwa diguli mu by’obusawo n'okulongoosa (MBChB) okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere mu 1994. Oluvannyuma yaddayo ku yunivasite y’e Makerere mu 1996 n’atendekebwa eby’okulongoosa n’afuna diguli eyookubiri mu by’obusawo (MMed) mu kulongoosa mu 1999. Yafuna ne diguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya empeereza y’ebyobulamu ne diguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya bizinensi (MBA) okuva mu kitongole ekiddukanya emirimu mu buvanjuba n’obugwanjuba bwa Afrika (ESAMI).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Emirimu == Olaro yatandika omulimu gwe nga Medical Officer mu ddwaaliro lya Lacor e [[Gulu]] oluvannyuma n'akola nga Senior House Officer mu ddwaliro lya [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Mulago National Referral Hospital]]. Okuva mu Gwokuna 2001 okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2008, yali Medical Superintendent era Consultant Surgeon mu Arua Regional Referral Hospital nga tannafuuka Medical Superintendent mu Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital mu Gwomusanvu 2008 okutuuka mu Gwekkumi 2010.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-15 |title=Museveni names Dr. Charles Olaro health services chief |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/museveni-names-dr-charles-olaro-health-services-chief-2025051506553382460 |access-date=2026-07-23 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":22" /> Okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2017, Olaro yaweereza nga Dayirekita w’eddwaliro era omusawo omukulu omukugu mu kulongoosa mu ddwaaliro lya Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. Mu 2017, yalondebwa okuba Dayirekita w’obuweereza mu bujjanjabi mu Minisitule y’ebyobulamu era ku nkomerero y’omwaka ogwo n’afuuka Dayirekita w’obuweereza bw’okuwonya, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu 2025.<ref name=":42" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-15 |title=Liberian VP roots for home-grown solutions |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/liberian-vp-roots-for-home-grown-solutions-4124602 |access-date=2026-07-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2024, yali akola nga dayirekita w’ebyobulamu mu Minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Uganda nga tannafuukira ddala dayirekita w’ebyobulamu mu Gwokuttaano 2025.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":42" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-03 |title=Accurate data key for policy and development - Experts |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/accurate-data-key-for-policy-and-development-experts-4911978 |access-date=2026-07-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Ngora]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasawo]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] jcnidqodu3butegecmnou930n1017lm Mariya Gabriel 0 15504 78181 70380 2026-11-08T01:17:38Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mariya Ivanova Gabriel''' (mu lu Bulgaria liwandiikibwa nga Мария Иванова , ''née'' '''Nedelcheva''', mu Bulgaria , yazaalibwa 20 Ogwokutaano 1979) munnabyabufuzi Omubulgaria, pulezidenti w'ettendekero lya Robert Schuman Institute.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/schuman.institute/posts/pfbid0c1F3TRzFRWMYTAXmDyJj3sxAS8XYErAz7qv88o5HnSrrFmmwPyp7z8U93UdcAxnml Announcement by RSI] on their official Facebook page</ref><ref>[https://www.novinite.com/articles/229463/Bulgaria%27s+Mariya+Gabriel+Appointed+President+of+the+Robert+Schumann+Institute Bulgaria's Mariya Gabriel Appointed President of the Robert Schumann Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120084544/https://www.novinite.com/articles/229463/Bulgaria%27s%20Mariya%20Gabriel%20Appointed%20President%20of%20the%20Robert%20Schumann%20Institute|date=20 November 2024}} - article in Novinite.com</ref> Okuva mu Gwokusatu 2026 , abadde aweereza ng'omuyambi wa Dayirekita omukulu ow'eby'empuliziganya n'amawulire mu kitongole kya UNESCO. Yaliko omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita wa Bulgaria era Minisita w’ensonga z’ebweru okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024. Memba w’ekibiina kya GERB, emabegako yaliko kaminsona wa Bulaaya ow’obuyiiya, okunoonyereza, obuwangwa, ebyenjigiriza n’abavubuka okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2023, kaminsona wa Bulaaya ow’eby'enfuna n’embeera z’abantu mu ngeri ya digito okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2019 ate nga mmemba wa Paalamenti ya Bulaaya okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2017. Mu Paalamenti ya Bulaaya yaliko omumyuka wa pulezidenti w’ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya European People’s Party (EPP), omumyuka wa pulezidenti wa EPP Women era akulira ekibinja kya Bulgaria ekya EPP. Yasooka kulondebwa ku kakiiko ka Bulaaya mu 2017 nga European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society okujjuza ekifo ekyalekebwa nga kikalu olw'okugenda kwa Kristalina Georgieva. Mukyala Gabriel yavaayo ng’alina likodi n’erinnya mu Brussels.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-14 |title='Party soldier' Mariya Gabriel returns to Bulgaria with EU baggage |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905215658/https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> Okusingira ddala, yalwana okutuukiriza enteekateeka ya buwumbi bwa €415 okufuula EU ekifo kya tekinologiya mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-14 |title='Party soldier' Mariya Gabriel returns to Bulgaria with EU baggage |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905215658/https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> Nga 22 Ogwokutaano 2023, omukago gwa GERB ne We Continue the Change – Democratic Bulgaria (PP-DB) gw'akkiriza okukola gavumenti nga balina ba Ssaabaminisita babiri abakyukakyuka, Nikolai Denkov ne Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Bulgaria agrees government with rotating PMs to tackle corruption |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/bulgaria-finds-government-agreement-with-rotating-pm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530134325/https://www.politico.eu/article/bulgaria-finds-government-agreement-with-rotating-pm/ |archive-date=30 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Gabriel set to form Bulgarian government with her party's arch foes |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/gabriel-set-to-form-bulgarian-government-with-her-partys-arch-foes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523093802/https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/gabriel-set-to-form-bulgarian-government-with-her-partys-arch-foes/ |archive-date=23 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=Euractiv |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obuyigirize == Mariya Gabriel yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokutaano 1979 mu kibuga Hadzhidimovo mu Ssaza ly'e Blagoevgrad. Mu 1997, yatikkirwa mu Dr Petar Beron language high school mu Kyustendil. Mu 2001 yatikkirwa okuva mu yunivasite ya Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski". Y'eyongerayo ne misomo gye mu ttendekero ly'ebyobufuzi erya Institut d’études politiques de Bordeaux (Ettendekero ly’ebyobufuzi) mu Bordeaux (Bufalansa), gye yafunira diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obufuzi n'enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru eya master's degree in ‘Comparative Politics and International Relations’. Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2008, Mariya Gabriel yaliko omuyambi w’omusomesa n’okunoonyereza mu ttendekero ly’ebyobufuzi e Bordeaux (Bufalansa). Omulimu gwe ogw’okusomesa gwali gw'ekuusa ku miramwa gy’enkola y’okusalawo mu mukago gwa EU, engeri eby'obufui gye bikwanaganyizibwamu n'embeera z'abantu ababulijjo n’enkolagana y’ensi yonna. == Emirimu gye == === Omubaka wa Paalamenti ya Bulaaya === ==== Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya EPP Group era akulira ekibinja kya Bulgaria eky’ekibiina kya EPP ==== Okuva mu 2014 okutuuka mu 2017, Mariya Gabriel yaliko omumyuka wa pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya EPP era akulira ekibinja kya Bulgaria mu kibiina kya EPP. Ng’omumyuka wa pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya EPP Group yakubiriza ekibiina kya Euromed Working Group ekya EPP era nga yavunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma enkolagana ya EPP Group n’amawanga okuva mu bitundu bya Mediterranean, Amawanga g'abuwalabu n'Obukiikakkono bwa Africa. ==== Emirimu gye mu bukiiko obw'enjawulo ==== Nga mmemba w’akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, obw'enkanya n’ensonga z’omunda mu ggwanga, Mariya Gabriel emirimu gye egisinga yali assa essira ku nkola y’omukago gwa Bulaaya ku by’okusenguka, Schengen, endagaano z’okusumulula viza n’amawanga agakyakulakulana, ensonga z’ebyokwerinda, okulwanyisa obutujju n’okukukusa abantu. Yagoberera nnyo emitwe egy'ali gy'ekuusa ku FRONTEX n’enkola ya Entry-Exit System ya EU. Mu kakiiko k’ensonga z’ebweru Mariya Gabriel essira yaliteeka ku mawanga ga Mediterranean, n’enkolagana wakati wa EU ne Africa, Amawanga g'abuwarabu n’amawanga agava mu Arab Peninsula. Yali muteesa wa kibiina kya EPP Group buli kiseera ku biteeso ebikwata ku kutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu, demokulasiya n’enfuga y’amateeka. Yawagira obwetaavu bw’okulongoosa enkola z’amawanga ag’ebweru n’ez’omunda mu mukago gwa EU, okuziyiza obukuubagano n’okugonjoola obukuubagano, okusenguka n’ebyokwerinda, enkolagana mu by’enfuna, n’enkola y’enkulaakulana. Okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014 Mariya Gabriel yali mukwanaganya w'ekibiina kya EPP mu kakiiko k'eddembe ly'abakyala n'omwenkanonkano mu kikula ky'abantu. Yali mwekennenyi era omuwabuzi wa Paalamenti ya Bulaaya ku kiragiro ekyali kiteeseddwa ekya Women on Boards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women on Boards: EPP Group welcomes Commission proposal |url=http://www.eppgroup.eu/press-release/Women-on-Boards:-EPP-Group-welcomes-Commission-/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225846/http://www.eppgroup.eu/press-release/Women-on-Boards:-EPP-Group-welcomes-Commission-/ |archive-date=2017-08-28 |access-date=2017-07-07 |publisher=}}</ref> Mu kiseera ky’olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Paalamenti mu mwaka gwa 2009–2014 Mariya Gabriel yali mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebyobulimi n’enkulaakulana y’ebyalo era yali akola nnyo ku nnongoosereza mu nkola empya ey’ebyobulimi ey’awamu eya EU (CAP) ey’ekiseera kya 2014–2020. Ng’ekimu ku mulimu gye, yalwanirira emisingi gy’enkola y’ebyobulimi ey’obwenkanya, n'okwanguyirizibwa. Okuva mu 2014 okutuuka mu 2017, Mariya Gabriel yaliko Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekikola ku by’obulamu bw’enjuki n’enjuki. Mu 2015 ne 2016 yategeka wiiki ya Bulaaya ey’enjuki n’okufukirira mu Palamenti ya Bulaaya. Mu 2016 Albert II, Omulangira wa Monaco, yali mwogezi omukulu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=European Bee Week: What the EU should do for bees and biodiversity |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/opinion/european-bee-week-what-the-eu-should-do-for-bees-and-biodiversity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215024839/https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/opinion/european-bee-week-what-the-eu-should-do-for-bees-and-biodiversity/ |archive-date=15 February 2017 |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=EURACTIV.com}}</ref> Mariya Gabriel yakola ku nteekateeka ya Danube Strategy ng’omulamwa omukulu mu nteekateeka eri omukago gwa EU. Y'enkola ya Danube macro-region, erimu amawanga mwenda agali mu mukago ( [[Austria]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Czechia|Czech Republic]], [[Girimane|Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]] ne [[Slovenia]] ) n’amawanga 5 agatali mu mukago gwa EU ( [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia ne Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Ukraine]] ne [[Moldova]] ). ==== Enkola ya EU ku nsonga z’ebweru ==== Okuva mu 2009 Mariya Gabriel yali mmemba omujjumbize mu lukiiko lwa ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, olugatta ababaka ba Paalamenti okuva mu kibinja ky’amawanga ga Afrika, Caribbean ne Pacific n’omukago gwa Bulaaya. Mu 2011 yaliko akulira ekitongole kya EU ekilondoola okulonda kwa pulezidenti ne Paalamenti mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Mu mwaka gwa 2016 Mariya Gabriel yakulembera ekitongole kya EU ekilondoola okulonda mu kulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu nsi y'e [[Gabon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=EU questions Gabon presidential election vote count – News – DW – 07.09.2016 |url=http://www.dw.com/en/eu-questions-gabon-presidential-election-vote-count/a-19530601/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028144954/https://www.dw.com/en/eu-questions-gabon-presidential-election-vote-count/a-19530601 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |access-date=17 February 2017 |website=DW.COM}}</ref> === Akakiiko ka Bulaaya === [[File:Hearings_Mariya_Gabriel_(Bulgaria)_-_innovation_and_youth._(48822420931).jpg|thumb| Gabriel ng'awa obujulizi mu Paalamenti ya Bulaaya mu 2019]] Nga 10 Ogwokutaano 2017 Jean-Claude Juncker, Pulezidenti w'akakiiko ka Bulaaya, yalangirira nti Ssaabaminisita wa Bulgaria Boyko Borisov yali alonze Mariya Gabriel okudda mu bigere bya Kristalina Georgieva ku bwa Kaminsona. Pulezidenti Juncker yalonda Günther Oettinger okudda mu bigere bya Georgieva ku bwa Kaminsona wa Bulaaya avunaanyizibwa ku mbalirira n’abakozi, n’aleka Gabriel ng’owaguno na guli Oettinger gwe yali akulembedde emabegako. Mu 2019, Ursula von der Leyen yalonda Gabriel okubeera ''Kaminsona wa Bulaaya ow’obuyiiya, okunoonyereza, obuwangwa, eby'enjigiriza n’abavubuka''.<ref name="President von der Leyen's mission letter to Mariya Gabriel">{{Cite web |title=President von der Leyen's mission letter to Marija Gabriel (2019) |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/default/files/commissioner_mission_letters/mission-letter-mariya-gabriel-2019_en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229131412/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/default/files/commissioner_mission_letters/mission-letter-mariya-gabriel-2019_en.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> === Okuddayo kwe mu by'obufuzi by'eggwanga === ==== GERB PM ey'esimbyewo & n'Endagaano y'okukyusakyusa (Ogwokutaano 2023) ==== Nga 10 Ogwokutaano 2023, GERB yalangirira nti gwe baali bagenda okuweereza okuvuganya ku bwa PM yali Mariya Gabriel. Nga yatuulako mu lukiiko ne GERB-SDS Parliamentary Group, nga 11Ogwokutaano, Gabriel yalambika ebimu ku bintu bye yali akulembeza mu nkola ye, naddala omuli ennongoosereza mu by’obulamuzi n’okuggyawo omuwaabi wa gavumenti Ivan Geshev.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=Мария Габриел: Ще внесем искане за освобождаване на главния прокурор |url=https://nova.bg/news/view/2023/05/11/411445/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://nova.bg/news/view/2023/05/11/411445/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=NOVA |language=bg}}</ref> Kino abantu abasinga bakiraba ng’ekintu eky’okusikiriza obuwagizi bw’ekibiina eky’okubiri mu bunene mu lukiiko lw’eggwanga olukulu, PPDB. Oluvannyuma lw’okulaga by’akulembeza, Gabriel yakola okwebuuza ku bibiina ebiwerako ebikiikirirwa mu Paalamenti ebiyinza okuwagira gavumenti ye: PP-DB, DPS, BSP ne ITN. Wadde nga yagezaako okunoonya ebifaanagana mu nsisinkano ye n’abakiise ba PP-DB, naddala ng’abakubiriza okuwagira gavumenti ey’awamu eya Euro-atlanicist, PP-DB yakkaatirizza nti tebasobola kuwagira gavumenti eyatondebwawo n’ekiragiro kya GERB, bwe kityo ne kiviirako Gabriel okunoonya obululu obusinga obungi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=Борисов изненадващо нахлу на срещата на Габриел с ПП-ДБ, диалогът се превърна в "корида" |url=https://www.flagman.bg/article/293409 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://www.flagman.bg/article/293409 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Flagman |language=bg}}</ref> Wabula wadde nga DPS ne ITN balaga nti baagala okuwagira "kabineti y'abakugu" ekulemberwa Gabriel, BSP yalaga okweraliikirira ku kuwagira kabineeti ng'eyo, bwe kityo ne kyongera obuzibu bw'okufuna abasinga obungi nga tobaliddeemu PP-DB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=ДПС подкрепя кабинет на Габриел, БСП не харесва подхода, ИТН иска конкретни политики |url=https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32406206.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329115000/https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32406206.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=SvobodnaEvropa |language=bg}}</ref> Pulezidenti Radev yawa Gabriel obuyinza obusooka mu butongole okugezaako okukola gavumenti nga 15 Ogwokutaano mu omwaka gwe gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulgaria's GERB Nominates EU Commissioner As PM Candidate |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/bulgaria-gerb-gabriel-pm-candidate/32404495.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516154134/https://www.rferl.org/amp/bulgaria-gerb-gabriel-pm-candidate/32404495.html |archive-date=16 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.rferl.org}}</ref> Nga Gabriel alekulidde ekifo kya European Commissioner ku lunaku lwe lumu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-15 |title=EU research commissioner Mariya Gabriel resigns |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-mariya-gabriel-research-commissioner-gabriel-resigns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515225845/https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-mariya-gabriel-research-commissioner-gabriel-resigns/ |archive-date=15 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> Mu nnaku ezaddirira, ITN yalangirira mu butongole okusalawo kwabwe okuwagira gavumenti ya Gabriel,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Мария Габриел вече има подкрепа от ИТН за "експертно правителство" |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/mariya-gabriel-veche-ima-podkrepa-ot-itn-za-ekspertno-pravitelstvo-news347830.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113459/https://www.mediapool.bg/mariya-gabriel-veche-ima-podkrepa-ot-itn-za-ekspertno-pravitelstvo-news347830.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Mediapool |language=bg}}</ref> wabula kino era kyaleka kabineeti ya Gabriel eyali egenda okubeerawo ng’ebifo 5 bibulako obululu obusinga obungi mu lukiiko lw’eggwanga olukulu, anti BSP yali etegeezezza nti tebagenda kulonda nga balondera mu kuwagira kabineeti ya Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-15 |title=БСП няма да подкрепи кабинет на ГЕРБ. Вече няма реалистичен вариант за първия мандат без ПП-ДБ (видео) |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/bsp-nyama-da-podkrepi-kabinet-na-gerb-veche-nyama-realistichen-variant-za-parviya-mandat-bez-pp-db-video-news347710.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://www.mediapool.bg/bsp-nyama-da-podkrepi-kabinet-na-gerb-veche-nyama-realistichen-variant-za-parviya-mandat-bez-pp-db-video-news347710.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Mediapool |language=bg}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’okukakasa obuwagizi mu butongole okuva mu ITN, Gabriel yakakasa nti agenda kutuukiriza ekiragiro ekyasooka n’okwanjula kabineeti ye mu nsisinkano gye yalimu ne Pulezidenti nga 22 Ogwokutaano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Мария Габриел: Ще изпълня мандата |url=https://nova.bg/news/view/2023/05/17/412134/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113459/https://nova.bg/news/view/2023/05/17/412134/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Nova |language=bg}}</ref> Wabula enteekateeka zino zaava ku luguudo olw’okulangirira okw’amangu okwakolebwa ITN nti bagenda kuggyayo obuwagizi eri kabineeti ya Gabriel eyali egenda okubeera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-21 |title=Слави Трифонов: ИТН няма да участва и да подкрепи кабинет на ГЕРБ |url=https://bntnews.bg/news/slavi-trifonov-itn-nyama-da-uchastva-i-da-podkrepi-kabinet-na-gerb-1234347news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://bntnews.bg/news/slavi-trifonov-itn-nyama-da-uchastva-i-da-podkrepi-kabinet-na-gerb-1234347news.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=BNT |language=bg}}</ref> Bwatyo n’akulembera Mariya Gabriel okuzzaayo obuvunaanyizibwa obutatuukirira nga 22 Ogwokutaano eri Obwapulezidenti n’okulangirira ekigendererwa kye eky’okuwagira okutondawo gavumenti n’obuvunaanyizibwa obw’okubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=ГЕРБ върна на Румен Радев неизпълнен мандат, след като реши да подкрепи кабинет на ПП-ДБ |url=https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32422591.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329120504/https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32422591.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Svobodnaevropa |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 22 Ogwokutaano 2023, omukago gwa GERB ne We Continue the Change – Democratic Bulgaria (PP-DB) bakkaanya okukola gavumenti n'abakulembeze babiri ab'enkyukakyuka, Nikolai Denkov ne Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McIntyre |first=Fiona |date=2023-05-25 |title=Mariya Gabriel: Leaving a legacy |url=https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-europe-politics-2023-5-mariya-gabriel-leaving-a-legacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501023313/https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-europe-politics-2023-5-mariya-gabriel-leaving-a-legacy/ |archive-date=1 May 2024 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Research Professional News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokutaano, okukola gavumenti ey'ekyukakyuka kwali kumpi kulemesebwa olw'okufuluma kw'obutambi bw'amaloboozi okuva mu lukiiko lwa PP-DB olwali lutudde olw'ekyama, ebyali mu lukiiko olwo ne bireetera Mariya Gabriel okulangirira okwongezaayo okuteesa okutuusa nga PP-DB esobodde okulaga engeri empya ey'okukola gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-27 |title="Замразяваме преговорите". Мария Габриел спира разговорите за съставяне на кабинет с ПП-ДБ |url=https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32430403.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329115001/https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32430403.html |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Svobodnaevropa |language=bg}}</ref> Okwogerezeganya okutali mu butongole wakati w'ebibiina byombi, naddala wakati wa Denkov ne Gabriel, kyokka kwagenda mu maaso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-28 |title=Акад. Денков обясни за службите, очаквал да има проблеми с Радостин Василев. |url=https://www.24chasa.bg/bulgaria/article/14558651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925105156/https://www.24chasa.bg/bulgaria/article/14558651 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=24chasa |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 30 Ogwokutaano, Gabriel yalambika obukwakkulizo obuggya obw'okuddamu okuteesa, ng'asimba nnyo essira ku "kuddamu okulowooza" ku kikula ky'olukiiko lwa Denkov olwali lusuubirwa okubaamu abakugu abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-30 |title=Мария Габриел постави ултиматум, за да има коалиционно правителство |url=https://fakti.bg/bulgaria/786613-maria-gabriel-postavi-ultimatum-za-da-ima-koalicionno-pravitelstvo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://fakti.bg/bulgaria/786613-maria-gabriel-postavi-ultimatum-za-da-ima-koalicionno-pravitelstvo |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Fakti |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 30 Ogwokutaano, enteeseganya zaggulwawo mu butongole wakati w'ebibiina byombi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=Размразяването е факт: Денков и Габриел пак подхванаха разговорите |url=https://www.24chasa.bg/bulgaria/article/14579960 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601164004/https://www.24chasa.bg/bulgaria/article/14579960 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=24chasa |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 2 Ogwomukaaga, kabineeti entogole yalangirirwa mu lukiiko olw'amu olwali wakati wa Gabriel ne Denkov n'obukwakulizo obwali bukkanyiziddwako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-02 |title=Кабинетът "Денков-Габриел" беше официално обявен - само с една промяна |url=https://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/bulgaria/2023/06/02/4491153_kabinetut_denkov-gabriel_beshe_oficialno_obiaven_-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329113458/https://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/bulgaria/2023/06/02/4491153_kabinetut_denkov-gabriel_beshe_oficialno_obiaven_-/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=Capital |language=bg}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Denkov yakkirizibwa nga 6 Ogwomukaaga era n'etandiika eisanja kyayo mu bwangu ddala oluvanyuma lw'okulangirirwa nga Mariya Gabriel ye yali aweereza nga Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita era nga Minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru. '''Ekisanja kye ng'Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita era nga Minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru (Ogwomukaaga 2023-Ogwokusatu 2024)''' '''Enteeseganya ku Kabineeti ekyukakyuka (Ogwokusatu 2024)''' Nga 6 Ogwokusatu 2024, Denkov yalekulira ng'emu ku nkola z'okuwanyisiganya obuyinza nga bwe kyali mu ndagaano ne Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2024 |title=Bulgaria's prime minister resigns as planned, part of a power-sharing agreement |url=https://apnews.com/article/bulgaria-parliament-government-resignation-rotation-denkov-gerb-f35955cc1db235a0ae955697f3db5342 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411082719/https://apnews.com/article/bulgaria-parliament-government-resignation-rotation-denkov-gerb-f35955cc1db235a0ae955697f3db5342 |archive-date=11 April 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Am 17. November 2023 empfing Außenminister Alexander Schallenberg seine bulgarische Amtskollegin Mariya Gabriel in Wien - 4.jpg|thumb|Gabriel ne Alexander Schallenberg mu Gwekkuminogumu 2023]] Oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, omukulembeze wa GERB, Boyko Borissov yalangirira Mariya Gabriel okukulembera ttiimu y'enteseganya okusobola okutuukiriza endagaano ya gavumenti zombi okukolera awamu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=ГЕРБ излъчиха преговорен екип за разговори с ПП-ДБ, дават им споразумението днес |url=https://btvnovinite.bg/bulgaria/na-saveshtanieto-na-gerb-davat-posleden-shans-za-pp-db-vizhda-im-se-krajat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101310/https://btvnovinite.bg/bulgaria/na-saveshtanieto-na-gerb-davat-posleden-shans-za-pp-db-vizhda-im-se-krajat.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=BTV |language=bg}}</ref> Enteeseganya wakati w'ebibiina by'ombi kwatandiika mu butongole nga 9 Ogwokusatu n'ekigendererwa oky'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko n'enkyusakyusa mu ba minisita.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title="Ще постигнем съгласие". ГЕРБ и ПП-ДБ започнаха преговори за ротацията в кабинета |url=https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32855147.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330102814/https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32855147.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=SvobodnaEvropa |language=bg}}</ref> Mu kwebuuza ku Pulezidenti nga 11 Ogwokusatu, Gabriel yategeeza Pulezidenti ku nteeseganya, wabula n'amusaba obudde obusingawo asobole okutuuka ku nzikiriziganya ey'enkomeredde.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=Габриел на консултациите при Радев: За ГЕРБ-СДС е важно диалогът да открие общите неща (ВИДЕО) |url=https://trud.bg/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1-%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%81-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://trud.bg/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1-%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%81-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE/ |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Trud |language=bg}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okwebuuza, Gabriel yakakasa nti enjawukana nnyingi zaali zikyasigaddewo wakati wa PP-DB ne GERB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=Денков обяви "съществен напредък" на преговорите, а Габриел поиска от Радев още време |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/denkov-obyavi-sashtestven-napredak-na-pregovorite-a-gabriel-poiska-ot-radev-oshte-vreme-news356998.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://www.mediapool.bg/denkov-obyavi-sashtestven-napredak-na-pregovorite-a-gabriel-poiska-ot-radev-oshte-vreme-news356998.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Mediapool |language=bg}}</ref> Wadde nga enteeseganya zaagenda mu maaso mu wiiki yonna eyaddirira, nga 17 Ogwokusatu, olunaku olumu nga Pulezidenti tannaba kuwa kiragiro kya kusooka, Gabriel yalangirira nti "enjawukana ez'amaanyi" zaali zivuddeyo wakati wa PPDB ne GERB, era nti singa endowooza ya PP–DB tekyuka, yali wa kuddiza Pulezidenti ekiragiro ekisooka nga tekimaze kutuukirizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=Мария Габриел: Готова съм утре да върна мандата |url=https://www.segabg.com/category-bulgaria/mariya-gabriel-gotova-sum-utre-da-vurna-mandata |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://www.segabg.com/category-bulgaria/mariya-gabriel-gotova-sum-utre-da-vurna-mandata |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Sega |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 18 Ogwokusatu, Pulezidenti Rumen Radev yawa Gabriel obuyinza obusooka mu butongole, era Gabriel n'afuna obuyinza obusooka mu maaso g'abakungu ba PPDB ne GERB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=Bulgaria's foreign minister to form the next government in power-sharing deal |url=https://apnews.com/article/bulgaria-president-government-foreign-minister-1711d40a446cb4596412699dc92d1bcb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318124718/https://apnews.com/article/bulgaria-president-government-foreign-minister-1711d40a446cb4596412699dc92d1bcb |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu kitongole kya Pulezidenti, Gabriel yakakasa nti enteeseganya zandikkiriziddwa okugenda mu maaso, wabula n'agamba nti enteeseganya tezandigenda mu maaso okumala essaawa ezisukka mu 24 era nti yandizzeeyo obuyinza eri Pulezidenti enkeera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Габриел взе мандата. Преговорите продължават още 24 часа, ПП-ДБ не са съгласни с предложения от ГЕРБ кабине |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/gabriel-vze-mandata-pregovorite-prodalzhavat-oshte-24-chasa-pp-db-ne-sa-saglasni-s-predlozheniya-ot-gerb-kabinet-news357235.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101310/https://www.mediapool.bg/gabriel-vze-mandata-pregovorite-prodalzhavat-oshte-24-chasa-pp-db-ne-sa-saglasni-s-predlozheniya-ot-gerb-kabinet-news357235.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Mediapool |language=bg}}</ref> Gabriel yaddiza Pulezidenti ekiragiro ekyali kimaze okukolebwako nga 19 Ogwokusatu, ng'ayogera ku bwetaavu bw'okubeera n'obukulembeze obunywevu okusobola okumaliriza ebintu ebikulu ebyali biteekeddwa okukolebwako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=GERB returned a completed mandate to the president and a folder with names of ministers |url=https://3e-news.net/en/a/view/51792/gerb-returned-a-completed-mandate-to-the-president-and-a-folder-with-names-of-ministers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://3e-news.net/en/a/view/51792/gerb-returned-a-completed-mandate-to-the-president-and-a-folder-with-names-of-ministers |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Ze-news |language=en}}</ref> Kabinenti eyali esuubirwa yalimu enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi bw'ogeraageranya ne Denkov Government, omwali okulonda ababaka ba GERB, Hristo Gadznev nga Minisita w'ebyokwerinda, ne Zhecho Stankov nga Minisita w'amasannyalaze.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=Кои са спряганите нови имена в кабинета "Габриел" (СНИМКИ) |url=https://dariknews.bg/novini/bylgariia/koi-sa-spriaganite-novi-imena-v-kabineta-gabriel-snimki-2378302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://dariknews.bg/novini/bylgariia/koi-sa-spriaganite-novi-imena-v-kabineta-gabriel-snimki-2378302 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Dariknews |language=bg}}</ref> Mu bigambo bye yagamba bannamawulire oluvannyuma lw'okumaliriza ekiragiro ekisooka, Gabriel teyakakasa oba nga gavumenti yaweebwa olukusa lwa PPDB, nga kyeyongera okukakasibwa nti "Endagaano y'Obukulembeze" eyali esuubirwa yateekebwako omukono Mariya Gabriel yekka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=Габриел е подписала коалиционното споразумение |url=https://infomreja.bg/gabriel-e-podpisala-koalicionnoto-sporazumenie-151194.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://infomreja.bg/gabriel-e-podpisala-koalicionnoto-sporazumenie-151194.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Infomreja |language=bg}}</ref> Oluvannyuma, PP–DB baalina olukungaana lwa bannamawulire mwe baalangirira nti tebakkiriziganya na gavumenti, ekyaviirako abasinga obungi ku baminisita baabwe okulangirira ebigendererwa byabwe eby'obutetaba mu kabinenti ya Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=ПП-ДБ отказват участие в кабинета. Асен Василев: Мария Габриел е най-новото и най-красивото лице на мафията в България |url=https://glasove.com/novini/pp-db-otkazvat-uchastie-v-kabineta-asen-vasilev-mariya-gabriel-e-nay-novoto-i-nay-krasivoto-litse-na-mafiyata-v-balgariya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101310/https://glasove.com/novini/pp-db-otkazvat-uchastie-v-kabineta-asen-vasilev-mariya-gabriel-e-nay-novoto-i-nay-krasivoto-litse-na-mafiyata-v-balgariya |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Glasove |language=bg}}</ref> Mu lukungaana, omukulembeze wa PP era nga ye Minisita w'ebyensimbi, Assen Vassilev, yayita Mariya Gabriel "omuntu omupya, era alabika obulungi ennyo ow'abamenyi b'amateeka mu Bulgaria". Nga 20 Ogwokusatu, Gabriel yayogera eri bannamawulire ng'awa ensonga lwaki yasalawo okusaba ba minisita nga tebasoose kukkirirza ng'ajuliza ebintu ebyali mu ndagaano y'obukulembeze eyasooka mwe baali bakkiriza okuweere mu kifo ekyo okumala emyaka 18. Okwegerezaako yasaba abakulu mu PPDB okumwetondera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-20 |title="Очаквам извинение". Габриел и Борисов се обидиха на ПП-ДБ, но не се отказват от преговорите |url=https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32869640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330102812/https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32869640.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=SvobodnaEvropa |language=bg}}</ref> Bwe yali ku pulogulaamu ya BNT eya Panorama, Gabriel y'ewolereza ku kusalawo kwe okukomawo mu kisanja ekyasooka ng'ajuliza obwetaavu okubeera n'obukulembeze obunwevu era n'akakasa nti obutakkanya obusinga obunene wakati wa PPDB ne GERB bwali butono nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Голяма бомба от участието на Мария Габриел в "Панорама"! |url=https://blitz.bg/politika/golyama-bomba-ot-uchastieto-na-mariya-gabriel-v-panorama_news1008795.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://blitz.bg/politika/golyama-bomba-ot-uchastieto-na-mariya-gabriel-v-panorama_news1008795.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Blitz |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwokusatu, mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olw'ayitibwa olw'amangu, Gabriel yakakasa nti okugezaako okuteesa okw'okuddamu kwali kuwedde mu kulemererwa olw'okuba "ebintu ebipya" ebyaleetebwa PP-DB gamba ng'okuggyawo Minisita w'ensonga z'omunda, Kalin Stoyanov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=Край на шансовете за правителство? Мария Габриел оттегли кандидатурата си за премиер |url=https://rmtv.bg/bg/kray-na-shansovete-za-pravitelstvo-mariya-gabriel-ottegli-kandidaturata-si-za-premier/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101311/https://rmtv.bg/bg/kray-na-shansovete-za-pravitelstvo-mariya-gabriel-ottegli-kandidaturata-si-za-premier/ |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=RMTV |language=bg}}</ref> Oluvannyuma, Gabriel yalangirira nti yali agenda kuvvuunuka okwesimba ku bwa Ssaabaminisita, ekyakkirizibwa Paalamenti y'eggwanga nga 26 Ogwokusatu. '''Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya European People's Party''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuva mu by'obufuzi bya Bulgaria mu 2024, Gabriel yalemererwa okulondebwa ku kifo ky'omumyuka wa Pulezidenti w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya European People's Party ne ku kifo kya Nnankulu w'ekitongole kya NATO. Oluvannyuma yafuuka pulezidenti w'abakyala mu kibiina kya European People's Party mu Gwekkumineebiri 2025 era pulezidenti w'ettendekero lya Robert Schuman Institute, ettendekero elisangibwa mu Budapest nga lino likolagana n'ekibiina.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Tchobanov |first=Atanas |date=30 January 2026 |title=Outgoing Bulgarian cabinet backs former EU commissioner Mariya Gabriel for senior UNESCO post |url=https://eualive.net/outgoing-bulgarian-cabinet-backs-former-eu-commissioner-mariya-gabriel-for-senior-unesco-post/ |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=EUalive |language=en}}</ref> '''UNESCO''' Ku ntandiikwa ya 2026, Gabriel yaondebwa ng'omu ku bantu ab'amaanyi ab'esimbawo ku kifo ky'omuyambi w'akulira eby'empuliziganya n'amawulire mu kitongole kya UNESCO (assistant director general). Yawagira gavumenti ya Bulgaria saako n'eyali minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru Georg Georgiev abassa omukono ku kiwandiiko ekyali kimuwagira nga 23 Ogwoluberyeberye 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tchobanov |first=Atanas |date=29 January 2026 |title=Мария Габриел иска да е зам.-генерален директор на ЮНЕСКО. Правителството мощно я подкрепя |trans-title=Maria Gabriel wants to be Deputy Director-General of UNESCO. The government strongly supports her |url=https://bird.bg/gabriel-unesco/ |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=BIRD |language=bg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 January 2026 |title=Мария Габриел е кандидат за заместник генерален директор на ЮНЕСКО |trans-title=Mariya Gabriel is a candidate for Deputy Director-General of UNESCO |url=https://struma.bg/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA/ |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=Struma |language=bg}}</ref>Omubaka wa Bulgaria ow'enkalakkalira mu UNESCO,Radka Balabanova-Ruleva, eyalondebwa mu kisanja kya Gabriel ekyasooka nga minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru, y'avunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma okulondebwakwe okuyita mu mikutu egy'enjawulo omuli okw'ogerezeganya n'eyali alondeddwa nga dayilekita genero wa UNESCO Khaled El-Enany.<ref name=":0" /> Okulondebwa kwe kwalagirirwa mu butongole aba UNESCO wiiki eyaddirira nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye,,<ref>{{cite news |last=Arangelov |first=Vladimir |date=30 January 2026 |title=ОБНОВЕНА Мария Габриел беше назначена за помощник генерален директор по комуникациите и информацията на ЮНЕСКО |trans-title=UPDATED Mariya Gabriel has been appointed Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information of UNESCO |url=https://www.bta.bg/bg/news/world/1054602-mariya-gabriel-beshe-naznachena-za-pomoshtnik-generalen-direktor-po-komunikatsii |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=BTA |language=bg}}</ref> era nayingira ofiisi nga 1 Ogwokusatu 2026.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 January 2026 |title=Избраха Мария Габриел за заместник генерален директор на ЮНЕСКО |trans-title=Mariya Gabriel was elected Deputy Director-General of UNESCO |url=https://bntnews.bg/news/izbraha-mariya-gabriel-za-zamestnik-generalen-direktor-na-yunesko-1376734news.html |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=BNT News |language=bg}}</ref> Nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2026, Gabriel yassa omukono ku ndagaano eyali ekoleddwa omukungu wa UNESCO mu Netherlands ng'endagaano eno yali yeyama okuwaayo miliyooni za yuro 2.4 (€2.4) okumala emyaka ena nga zino zaali zigenda kukola mu kitongole kya UNESCO ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'empuliziganya n'amawulire.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 July 2026 |title=The Netherlands renews support for media freedom and independent journalism worldwide |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/netherlands-renews-support-media-freedom-and-independent-journalism-worldwide |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Mu 2017, wakati w'okuvuganya ku kifo kya Kaminsona wa EU, bannamawulire ba Bulgaria bakizuula nti yali apangisa ennyumba ey'ebbeeyi okuva mu munisipaali mu disitulikiti ya Lozenets ey'omu Sofia nga yali asasula yuro 200 (€200) omwezi nga zino zigweera mu bibalo bya kimu kya kuna ku bbeeyi ey'akatale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-14 |title='Party soldier' Mariya Gabriel returns to Bulgaria with EU baggage |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905215658/https://www.politico.eu/article/mariya-gabriel-bulgaria-prime-minister-european-commission-baggage/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Bulgaria ekirwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi kyatemezebwako nti Gabriel yali apangisa enyumba eno mu Gwekkumi 2010 bwe yali akyali mubakawa Paalamenti. Enjawulo eri wakati w'akatale k'ennyumba ezipangisibwa akali wakati wa €800 n'ezo Gabriel zeyali asasula okumala emyezi 32 zibalirirwamu €20,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-19 |title=Bulgarian MEP Maria Gabriel Failed to Declare Preferential Rent from Sofia Municipality |url=https://bivol.bg/en/bulgarian-mep-maria-gabriel-failed-to-declare-preferential-rent-from-sofia-municipality.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601012501/https://bivol.bg/en/bulgarian-mep-maria-gabriel-failed-to-declare-preferential-rent-from-sofia-municipality.html |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Bivol |language=en}}</ref> Akakiiko kazuula endagaano y'obupangisa eyali yakolebwa okuva nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2010 okutuusa nga 1 Ogwokuna 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-19 |title=Bulgaria's Anti-corruption Commission Terminates Proceedings Against EU Commissioner Mariya Gabriel |url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/198273/Bulgaria%27s+Anti-corruption+Commission+Terminates+Proceedings+Against+EU+Commissioner+Mariya+Gabriel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906125143/https://www.novinite.com/articles/198273/Bulgaria%27s+Anti-corruption+Commission+Terminates+Proceedings+Against+EU+Commissioner+Mariya+Gabriel |archive-date=6 September 2023 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=Novinite |language=en}}</ref> Endagaano eno yaliko munnakibiina kya GERB nga bulooka nga kino ky'ekivunaanyizibwa ku munisipaali y'e Sofia era nga be bannanyini nyumba ezo. Gabriel yalemererwa okunnyonyola n'okulaga omuwendo gwe yafuna mu ngeri ey'enjawulo mu kulangirira eby'etaago bye mu 2012 ne 2014 ekyali kimwetagisa okumaliriza ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti ya Bulaaya. Endagaano y'obupamgisa ey'enjawulo nayo yali tebaliriddwa mu kulangirira eby'etaago eby'ensimbi bye yawaayo ng'omukulembeze w'ekitongole kya European Commision's digital economy and social portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-23 |title=EU Minister Nominee Set for Confirmation Despite Suspect Bulgarian Real Estate Deal |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/6625-eu-minister-nominee-set-for-confirmation-despite-suspect-bulgarian-real-estate-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002122240/https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/6625-eu-minister-nominee-set-for-confirmation-despite-suspect-bulgarian-real-estate-deal |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project |language=en}}</ref> Ba minisita basatu baalekulira mu 2019 n'okulumiriza okwefaananyiriza ng'okwo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Bulgaria's 'apartmentgate' infuriates struggling citizens |url=https://www.ft.com/content/30083814-5ea0-11e9-a27a-fdd51850994c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619145412/https://www.ft.com/content/30083814-5ea0-11e9-a27a-fdd51850994c |archive-date=19 June 2019 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Mukyala mufumbo eri François Gabriel.<ref>[http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1451644 Предложили брак на Мария Неделчева пред пленарната зала] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116121731/http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1451644|date=16 January 2016}}, 24chasa.bg, 7. Juli 2012</ref> Abafumbo bano balina omwana omu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CV of Mariya Gabriel on the Homepage of the European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/cwt/files/cv_gabriel.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130020811/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/sites/cwt/files/cv_gabriel.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2019 |access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirabo ne Awaadi zeyafuna == * 2013 Awaadi ya 'MEP of the year' mu ttuluba ly'omwenkanonkano mu kikula;<ref>{{cite web |title=Mariya Gabriel – MEP of the year |url=http://bnr.bg/en/post/100203896/mariya-gabriel-mep-of-the-year/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180158/http://bnr.bg/en/post/100203896/mariya-gabriel-mep-of-the-year/ |archive-date=1 March 2017 |access-date=28 February 2017 |publisher=}}</ref> * 2015 Award of the European Association of Communications Agencies olw'emirimu gye gyeyali akoze mu kulwanirira omwenkanonkano n'eddembe ly'abakyala; * Awaadi ya 2016 <nowiki>''</nowiki>MEP of the year<nowiki>''</nowiki> mu ttuluba ly'enkulakulana;<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulgaria's Mariya Gabriel chosen as MEP of the year for the second time |url=http://www.standartnews.com/english/read/bulgarias_mariya_gabriel_chosen_as_mep_of_the_year_for_the_second_time_-10953.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180403/http://www.standartnews.com/english/read/bulgarias_mariya_gabriel_chosen_as_mep_of_the_year_for_the_second_time_-10953.html/ |archive-date=2017-03-01 |access-date=2017-02-28 |publisher=}}</ref> * 2016 Order of San Carlos okuva mu gavumenti ya Columbia eri abo abasukkulumye ku bannabwe mu kuweereza eggwanga lya Columbia mu kisaawe ky'okukiikirirza eggwanga mu mawanga amalala; == Ebijuliziddwamu == [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Bulgaria abakyala]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Bulgaria 2014-2019]] [[Category:Abakungu ba UNESCO]] [[Category:Ba minisita ba Bulgaria abakyala]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2019-2024/gabriel_en Mariya Gabriel] – European Commission website * [https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/contributor_profile/mariya-gabriel/ Mariya Gabriel] - Open Access Government Prestige Contributor py59eviqtf502cpgb89pp1b52rj2kor Obulwadde bwa Autism 0 15558 78186 77496 2026-11-08T01:36:21Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Autism|synonym=|image=Autism-stacking-cans 2nd edit.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=Boy stacking cans|caption=Repetitively stacking or lining up objects is commonly associated with autism.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Psychiatry]]|symptoms=Trouble with [[Interpersonal relationship|social interaction]], impaired [[communication]], restricted interests, repetitive behavior<ref name=Land2008/>|complications=Social isolation, employment problems, family stress, [[bullying]], [[self-harm]], [[suicide]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Autism spectrum disorder - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714024941/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruggieri V | title = [Autism, depression and risk of suicide] | journal = Medicina | volume = 80 Suppl 2 | pages = 12–16 | year = 2020 | pmid = 32150706 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Richa S, Fahed M, Khoury E, Mishara B | title = Suicide in autism spectrum disorders | journal = Archives of Suicide Research | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–39 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24713024 | doi = 10.1080/13811118.2013.824834 | s2cid = 25741716 }}</ref>|onset=By age two or three<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web |title= NIMH " Autism Spectrum Disorder |url= https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml |website= nimh.nih.gov |access-date= 20 April 2017 |date= October 2016 |archive-date= 21 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093226/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=DSM5/>|duration=[[Chronic condition|Long term]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|types=|causes=[[Heritability of autism|Genetic]] and environmental factors<ref name=Ch2012/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on behavior and developmental history<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=[[Reactive attachment disorder]], [[intellectual disability]], [[schizophrenia]]<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Corcoran J, Walsh J |title=Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis in Social Work Practice |url={{Google books|y28kokLoe78C|page=72|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=Oxford University Press, New York |date=9 February 2006 |isbn=978-0-19-516830-3 |oclc=466433183 |lccn=2005027740 |page=72 }}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[Behaviour therapy|Behavioral therapy]], [[speech therapy]], [[psychotropic medication]]<ref name=CCD2007/><ref name=San2016/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sukhodolsky DG, Bloch MH, Panza KE, Reichow B | title = Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high-functioning autism: a meta-analysis | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 132 | issue = 5 | pages = e1341-50 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24167175 | pmc = 3813396 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2013-1193 }}</ref>|medication=[[Atypical antipsychotic|Antipsychotics]], [[antidepressants]], [[stimulants]] (associated symptoms)<ref name=Ji2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ji N, Findling RL | title = An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents | journal = Current Opinion in Psychiatry | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 91–101 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25602248 | doi = 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132 }}</ref><ref name="Oswald DP 2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Oswald DP, Sonenklar NA | title = Medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 348–355 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17630868 | doi = 10.1089/cap.2006.17303 }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Doyle CA, McDougle CJ | title = Pharmacologic treatments for the behavioral symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan | journal = Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 263–279 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 23226952 | pmc = 3513681 }}</ref>|prognosis=Frequently poor<ref name=Ste106/>|frequency=24.8 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=|named after=}} '''Autism''' bulwadde bwa nkulaakulana obumanyiddwa olw’obuzibu mu nkolagana n’abantu n’empuliziganya, n’enneeyisa ezikugirwa n’okuddiŋŋana.<ref name="DSM5">{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition|chapter=Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0)|editor-last=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing}}</ref> Abazadde batera okulaba obubonero mu myaka esatu egisooka egy’obulamu bw’omwana waabwe.<ref name="Land2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Landa RJ|title=Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life|journal=Nat Clin Pract Neurol|volume=4|issue=3|pages=138–147|year=2008|pmid=18253102|doi=10.1038/ncpneuro0731|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="DSM5" /> Obubonero buno butera okukula mpolampola, wadde ng’abaana abamu abalina autism bafuna okwonooneka mu mpuliziganya yaabwe n’obukugu mu mbeera z’abantu oluvannyuma lw’okutuuka ku nkulaakulana ku sipiidi eya bulijjo.<ref name="Stef2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Stefanatos GA|s2cid=34658024|title=Regression in autistic spectrum disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neuropsychology-review_2008-12_18_4/page/305|journal=Neuropsychol Rev|volume=18|issue=4|pages=305–319|year=2008|pmid=18956241|doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y}}</ref> Autism ekwatagana n'ensonga z'obuzaale n'obutonde ezigatta.<ref name="Ch2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chaste P, Leboyer M|title=Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience|volume=14|issue=3|pages=281–292|year=2012|pmid=23226953|pmc=3513682}}</ref> Ebintu eby’obulabe ng’oli lubuto mulimu yinfekisoni ezimu, gamba nga rubella, obutwa omuli valproic acid, omwenge, [[Kokeyini|cocaine]], eddagala ly’ebiwuka, lead, n’obucaafu bw’empewo, okuziyiza okukula kw’omwana ali mu lubuto, n’endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Prenatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)|vauthors=Ornoy A, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ergaz Z|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=56|year=2015|pages=155–169|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.007|pmid=26021712}}</ref> Enkaayana zeetoolodde ensonga endala eziteeseddwa ku butonde bw'ensi ; okugeza, endowooza y’okugema, ebadde ekakasibbwa.<ref name="Rut2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rutter M|title=Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: changes over time and their meaning|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_acta-paediatrica_2005-01_94_1/page/n3|journal=Acta Paediatr|volume=94|issue=1|pages=2–15|year=2005|pmid=15858952|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01779.x}}</ref> Autism ekosa enkola y’amawulire mu bwongo n’engeri obutoffaali bw’obusimu n’obusimu bwabwo gye bikwataganamu n’okusengeka; engeri kino gye kibaawo tekitegeerekeka bulungi.<ref name="Lev2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT|title=Autism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_november-7-13-2009_374_9701/page/1627|journal=Lancet|volume=374|issue=9701|pages=1627–1638|year=2009|pmid=19819542|pmc=2863325|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61376-3}}</ref> Ekitabo ekiyitibwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), kigatta autism n’engeri ezitali za maanyi nnyo ez’embeera eno, omuli Asperger syndrome ne pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) mu kuzuula autism spectrum disorder (ASD).<ref name="DSM5" /><ref name="John2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson CP, Myers SM|title=Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders|journal=Pediatrics|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1183–1215|year=2007|pmid=17967920|doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2361|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1183|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208013449/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1183|archive-date=8 February 2009|doi-access=free}}</ref> Okuyingira mu nsonga z‟enneeyisa nga bukyali oba obujjanjabi bw‟okwogera kuyinza okuyamba abaana abalina autism okufuna obukugu mu kwerabirira, okubeera n‟abantu, n‟empuliziganya.<ref name="CCD2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Myers SM, Johnson CP|title=Management of children with autism spectrum disorders|journal=Pediatrics|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1162–1182|date=November 2007|pmid=17967921|doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2362|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/5/1162|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323092305/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/5/1162|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="San2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sanchack KE, Thomas CA|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles|journal=American Family Physician|volume=94|issue=12|pages=972–979|date=December 2016|pmid=28075089}}</ref> Wadde nga tewali ddagala limanyiddwa okuwonya,<ref name="CCD2007" /> wabaddewo abaana abawona.<ref name="Helt2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Helt M, Kelley E, Kinsbourne M, Pandey J, Boorstein H, Herbert M, Fein D|s2cid=4317267|title=Can children with autism recover? If so, how?|journal=Neuropsychology Review|volume=18|issue=4|pages=339–366|date=December 2008|pmid=19009353|doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9075-9|url=https://www.academia.edu/16961306|citeseerx=10.1.1.695.2995|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017031345/https://www.academia.edu/16961306/Can_Children_with_Autism_Recover_If_So_How|url-status=live}}</ref> Abamu ku bantu abakulu abalina autism tebasobola kubeera nga beetongodde.<ref name="Ste106">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Steinhausen HC, Mohr Jensen C, Lauritsen MB|title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term overall outcome of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica|volume=133|issue=6|pages=445–452|date=June 2016|pmid=26763353|doi=10.1111/acps.12559}}</ref> Obuwangwa bwa autism bukulaakulanye, ng’abantu abamu ssekinnoomu banoonya eddagala ate abalala nga balowooza nti autism erina okukkirizibwa ng’enjawulo okusuzibwa mu kifo ky’okuwona.<ref name="Sil2008">{{Cite journal|journal=BioSocieties|year=2008|volume=3|issue=3|pages=325–341|title=Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum|vauthors=Silverman C|s2cid=145379758|doi=10.1017/S1745855208006236}}</ref><ref name="Frith2014">{{Cite news|last=Frith|first=Uta|title=Autism – are we any closer to explaining the enigma?|url=https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma|work=[[The Psychologist (magazine)|The Psychologist]]|publisher=[[British Psychological Society]]|date=October 2014|volume=27|pages=744–745|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510154825/https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna, autism ebalirirwamu okukosa abantu obukadde 24.8 {{as of|2015|lc=y}}.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 2000, omuwendo gw’abantu abakoseddwa gwabalirirwamu 1–2 ku buli bantu 1,000 mu nsi yonna.<ref name="News2007" /> Mu nsi ezaakulaakulana, abaana nga 1.5% bazuulibwa n’obulwadde bwa ASD {{as of|2017|lc=y}},<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lyall K, Croen L, Daniels J, Fallin MD, Ladd-Acosta C, Lee BK, Park BY, Snyder NW, Schendel D, Volk H, Windham GC, Newschaffer C|title=The changing epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=38|pages=81–102|date=March 2017|pmid=28068486|pmc=6566093|doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318}}</ref> okuva ku 0.7% mu 2000 mu Amerika.<ref name="ASD2016" /> Butera okubeera mu basajja emirundi ena ku etaano okusinga mu bakazi.<ref name="ASD2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html|title=ASD data and statistics|publisher=CDC.gov|access-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418153648/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html|archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> Omuwendo gw’abantu abazuuliddwa gweyongedde nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 1960, ekiyinza okuba nga kiva ku nkyukakyuka mu nkola y’okuzuula obulwadde.<ref name="News2007" /> Ekibuuzo oba emiwendo egyennyini gyeyongedde tekinnagonjoolwa.<ref name="News2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Daniels J, Giarelli E, Grether JK, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller LA, Pinto-Martin J, Reaven J, Reynolds AM, Rice CE, Schendel D, Windham GC|title=The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=28|pages=235–258|year=2007|pmid=17367287|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] lwdebrfynfrf3ecrcnh9xab9oj3c39l Dan Kibet 0 15684 78159 76127 2026-11-08T00:16:53Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78159 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Dan Kibet''' (yazaalibwa 10 oggwokubiri 2004) Munnayuganda muddusi wa misinde emimpi n'emiwanvu. Ye yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za African U20 Championships eza 2023 eza mmita ezisoba mu 5000, era yali mu ttiimu ya Uganda eyawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu mpaka z'ensi yonna ez'okudduka emisinde eza 2024 World Athletics Cross Country Championships. == Omulimu == Okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2021, Kibet yava mu Uganda n’agenda mu Indiana okuvuganya mu kibiina ekigatta emizannyo gy’amatendekero aga waggulu mu ggwanga ekya Goshen Maple Leafs. Yakwata ekifo ekisinga obulungi yamalira mu kifo kya 210 mu mpaka ezategekebwa mu 2019 eza NAIA men's cross country championships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TFRRS {{!}} Dan Kibet – Track and Field Results & Statistics |url=https://www.tfrrs.org/athletes/7370030 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=www.tfrrs.org}}</ref> Kibet yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za World Athletics Cross Country Championships eza 2023 mu ggwokubiri, gye yamalira mu ky'okuna mu mpaka za U20. Wadde nga ttiimu ya Uganda yayolessa nnyo omutindo, tebaalina bisaanyizo bya kufuna mudaali kuba baamalako emisinde basatu bokka, ngate baali beetaga abaana bana okuweza ttiimu, kino kyava ku baana ba tiimu abalala okumibwa viza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 World Cross Country Champs: Three Ugandan athletes denied visas |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_153886 |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mu mpaka za 2023 Afrika U20 Championship ezaliyo mu ggwokutaano, yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya mmita 5000. Obuwanguzi bwe bwageraageranyizibwa ku bwa Boniface Kiprop.<ref name="m">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Kibet's patience pays off with Africa U20 gold |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/kibet-s-patience-pays-off-with-africa-u20-gold-4222496 |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu mpaka za 2024 eza World Athletics Cross Country Championships e Belgrade, Kibet ku mulundi guno yeetaba mu mpaka z’abakulu, gye yamalira mu kya 11 n’ayamba ttiimu ye okufuna omudaali gwa ffeeza. == Ebimukwatako ng'omuntu == Kibet yazaalibwa ku kyalo Sukut mu Kitawoi Sub-County, [[Kween (disitulikit)|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kween]] mu Uganda era yagenda mu Chemanga High School. Bazadde be ye Michael Chebet ne Patricia Yeko.<ref name="m2">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=Kibet, Chekwemoi carry youth hopes in Zambia |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/kibet-chekwemoi-carry-youth-hopes-in-zambia-4215250 |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=Kibet, Chekwemoi carry youth hopes in Zambia |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/athletics/kibet-chekwemoi-carry-youth-hopes-in-zambia-4215250 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Kibet yatandika okudduka mu mpaka mu 2019. Atendekebwa Addy Ruiter, gwe yasisinkana ng’ayita mu Global Sports Communication mu nkambi yaabwe e Chemwania mu 2022.<ref name="m" /> == Ebibalo == === byakoze ng'omutu === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Okugenda mu maaso kwa mmita 5000 ! # ! Mark ! class="unsortable" | Pl. ! Empaka ! Ekifo ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! class="unsortable" | Ref. |- | align="center" | 1 | align="right" | 14:12.61A | 15th | | [[Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]] | align="right" | 7 oggwokutaano 2021 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tilastopaja.fi |url=https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/12984486 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221014922/https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/12984486 |archive-date=2025-02-21 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=www.tilastopaja.eu |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2 | align="right" | 13:46.06A |1 | Uganda National Trials | [[Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]] | align="right" | 4 ogwokusatu 2022 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tilastopaja |url=https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13004532 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412204645/https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13004532 |archive-date=2025-04-12 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=www.tilastopaja.eu |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 3 | align="right" | 13:19.38 | 7th | IFAM Oordegem | Oordegem, mu Bubirigi | align="right" | 27 ogwokutaano 2022 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tilastopaja |url=https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13004532 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412204645/https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13004532 |archive-date=2025-04-12 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=www.tilastopaja.eu |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 4 | align="right" | 13:16.31 | 8th | IFAM Oordegem | Oordegem, mu Bubirigi | align="right" | 26 ogwokutaano 2023 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Tilastopaja Beta |url=https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13041028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228090910/https://www.tilastopaja.eu/beta/results/13041028 |archive-date=2024-12-28 |access-date=2026-10-06 |website=www.tilastopaja.eu |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 2004]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kapchorwa]] <references /> == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Dan Kibet at World Athletics 83tyrtd32aao1hnep4p0dncl0pj8f5c Cornelius Boza-Edwards 0 15911 78157 75268 2026-11-08T00:15:55Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78157 wikitext text/x-wiki Cornelius Boza-Edwards (eyazaalibwa nga Cornelius Bbosa; 27 May 1956) yali omuzannyi w’ebikonde omukugu era yali WBC Super Featherweight champion w’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mugalu |first=Moses |title=Ex-world champ Boza humbled by hospitality |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=19030:-ex-world-champ-boza-humbled-by-hospitality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528091552/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=19030:-ex-world-champ-boza-humbled-by-hospitality |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2026-09-22 |work=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]], era yazannyira mu super-featherweight ne lightweight divisions. Yava mu Uganda n’agenda mu Bungereza, gy’abeera okumala ekiseera kiwanvu. Kati abeera mu United States, gy’atendeka abazannyi abalala. == Omulimu gw'okwesanyusaamu == Boza-Edwards yatandika okuzannya boxing nga wa myaka mwenda mu Uganda wamu n’abalwanyi abalala abamanyiddwa nga [[Ayub Kalule]] ne John Mugabi. Yagenda mu Bungereza ne mentor we Jack Edwards era n’agenda mu maaso n’okuzannya boxing mu New Enterprise club e Tottenham ne Fitzroy Lodge club mu South London. Yazannyira mu Bungereza naye n'atafunibwa kuteekebwa ku ttiimu ya olimpiki oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa Pat Cowdell mu mpaka za ABA mu 1976. Boza-Edwards yaweebwa omukisa omulala bwe yategekebwa okuvuganya nga featherweight boxer wa Uganda mu Olympics e Montreal mu 1976. Naye, Uganda yagaana okwetaba mu Olympics e Montreal, nga n’amawanga amalala mangi ag’Afrika bwe gaakola. Okugaana okwetaba kwamulemesa okufuna omukisa ogw’okuvuganya mu Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ring - Official Boxing Rankings, News & Champions |url=https://www.ringmagazine.com// |access-date=2026-09-22 |website=The Ring |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu ogw'ekikugu == Mu 1976, Boza-Edwards yafuuka omukugu ng'alina Mickey Duff nga maneja we ne George Francis nga omutendesi we. Yakyusa erinnya lye ery’ekika n’alifuula Boza olw’okusembebwa kwa Mickey Duff. Kubanga lyali erinnya ekyangu eri abawagizi okujjukira era n’ayongerako Edwards ng’awa ekitiibwa eri Jack Edwards, omutendesi we.[3] Boza-Edwards yawangula empaka ze ezisooka mwenda nga tannawangulwa Des Gwilliam bwe yafuna ekisago ku liiso. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu lukungaana lw’empaka 18 nga awangula era n’aweebwa omukisa okuzannya nga substitute ne Alexis Arguello. Yateekawo okukola okw’amaanyi naye n’awummuzibwa corner ye ku nkomerero y’omuzannyo ogw’omulundi ogw’omunaana. Arguello yasiima Boza-Edwards n’agamba nti yalowooza nti ajja kufuuka champion oluvannyuma lw’okukyuka mu buzito okudda mu lightweight division. Boza-Edwards yali azannya mu lightweight division mu kiseera ekyo naye n’akyuka n’adda mu super-featherweight division. == WBC Super-Featherweight Champion == Mu 1981, Boza-Edwards yawangula WBC World Super-Featherweight Title okuva ku Rafael "Bazooka" Limón n’obuwanguzi bwa round kkumi n’etaano mu Stockton, California. Limón, Omumexico, yali yakoze ekigambo kye ekimanyiddwa ennyo “Omanyi ekibaawo ku bamenyi ba boxing Abangereza bwe balwana n’Abamexico.” Kino kyali kyogera ku lutalo wakati wa Lupe Pintor ne Johnny Owen, oluvannyuma Owen n’afa. Yawangula Bobby Chacon oluvannyuma lwa Chacon okuwummula ku nkomerero y’omuzannyo ogw’ekkumi n’essatu mu kukuuma kwe okwasooka era okwokka okwawangula. Yafiirwa ekikopo emyezi esatu oluvannyuma mu kuzannyo okwewuunyisa okwawangulwa Rolando Navarrete, nga yawangulwa knockout mu round ey’okutaano. Navarrete yayingira nga substitute wa Limón era n’ewuunyisa Boza-Edwards ng’amukuba wansi emirundi esatu, omulundi ogwasembayo n’abalibwa nga avudde mu muzannyo. == Omulimu ogw'oluvannyuma == Mu 1982, Boza-Edwards yawangula ekikopo kya European Super-featherweight bwe yawangula Carlos Hernandez owa Spain oluvannyuma lw’okuleka omuzannyo mu round ey’okuna. Oluvannyuma yabeera mu United States era n’afuuka omu ku baali basinga okwagalibwa ku mikutu gya ttivvi olw’engeri ye ey’okulwana ennyo. Yali ategekeddwa okulwana ne Bobby Chacon ku WBC World Super-Featherweight Title mu 1983 naye ebyobufuzi by’okubooking byaleetera WBC okuggyawo okumanya ku lutalo olwo, newankubadde nga lutalo lwagenda mu maaso. Chacon yawangula ku points mu lutalo mwe bombi baakubwa wansi naye ne beetaaga stitches 40 oluvannyuma. Olutalo luno lwaweebwa ekirabo kya The Ring magazine Fight of the Year 1983. Oluvannyuma lw’okufiirwa eri Chacon, yalwana ne Rocky Lockridge eyali WBA super-featherweight champion era n’awangulwa ku points mu round kkumi. Boza-Edwards yagenda mu lightweight division era n’afuna omukisa okuwangula Héctor Camacho mu 1986 ku WBC World Lightweight Title, gye yafiirwa mu kusalawo mu round kkumi n’ebbiri. Omulundi gwe ogwasembayo ku title gwali mu 1987 ng’alwana ne José Luis Ramírez e Paris era yakubwa knockout mu round ey’okutaano mu lutalo lwa WBC World Lightweight Title. Oluvannyuma lw’okukubwa kuno, yava mu boxing n’afuuka omutendesi. == Obulamu obw'omuntu ku bubwe == Omukyala wa Boza-Edwards eyasooka Jackie yafa olw’okulemererwa kw’ensigo emyezi mukaaga oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala muwala waabwe Michelle mu UK. Yali kumpi okuva mu muzannyo gwa boxing olw’ennaku ye naye yasalawo okweyongera mu maaso.[5] Yaddamu okuwasa oluvannyuma lw’okugenda mu US era ye ne mukyala we Rumiko balina abaana babiri abawala, Dominique ne Jenna. == Mayweather Boxing Club == Boza-Edwards kati akulira ekibiina kya Mayweather Boxing Club mu Las Vegas, NV. [6] Yayingizibwa mu Nevada Boxing Hall of fame mu 2014. [7] == Laba era == * Olukalala lw'abawangula b'ebikonde mu buzito bwa super-featherweight. == Ebyogerwako == aah3kf3oaluqki4r0drcjpf02arukdw Shadir Musa Bwogi 0 15938 78195 75287 2026-11-08T01:49:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 78195 wikitext text/x-wiki Shadir Musa Bwogi (yazaalibwa nga 25 October 1996) ye boxer w’omu [[Uganda]] era kati ye captain wa Bombers, ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’okubaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-02-14 |title=Minister Obua urges Ugandan boxers to fight for the available Olympics slots |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/02/14/minister-obua-urges-ugandan-boxers-to-fight-for-the-available-olympics-slots/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympedia – Shadir Bwogi |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/146999 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=www.olympedia.org}}</ref> Akola mu welterweight era ye southpaw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=Money woes: Bombers uncertain as last Olympics window draws close |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/money-woes-bombers-uncertain-as-last-olympics-window-draws-close--1880834 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yavuganya mu men’s welterweight mu 2020 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-06-03 |title=Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games&oldid=1357596453 |language=en}}</ref> == Emabega n'obuyigirize == Bwogi yazaalibwa mu Naguru Musa Kimera, eyali omukubi w'ebikonde, ne Jamirah Mbabazi Ayikoru.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kalyango |first=Fredrick |date=2020-03-09 |title=Who is Shadir Musa Bwogi; Bombers Captain who bagged Uganda’s Tokyo 2020 Olympics slot? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/sports/20200309/88763/who-is-shadir-musa-bwogi-bombers-captain-who-bagged-ugandas-tokyo-2020-olympics-slot.html |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu gw'okukuba ebikonde == Bwogi yagamba nti yatandika okukuba ebikonde mu 2009 bwe yayingira East Coast Boxing Club nga akulemberwa kitaawe, gyeyatendekera wansi wa Hassan Waswa Kalili ne Hussain Kato Kalili.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=BIG INTERVIEW: Shadir Bwogi eyeing glory at Olympics |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Okulabikako kwe okwasooka ku ttiimu y’eggwanga kwali mu 2014 mu light welterweight division, gyeyakiikirira Uganda mu [[Tanzania]] mu Nyerere Cup.<ref name=":1" /> Bwogi okuva olwo abadde akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za African Championships mu 2017 e Congo-Brazzaville gy’awangulwa mu preliminaries eri Namibia’s Jonas Junias.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Captain Shadir faces African silver medallist |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/captain-shadir-faces-african-silver-medallist-1749304 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yali mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu 2019 African Games e Rabat, [[Morocco]] gy’awangulwa Silungwe Nkungu owa Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-13 |title=Boxing: UBF names squad for All African games |url=https://pmldaily.com/sports/2019/08/boxing-ubf-names-squad-for-all-african-games.html |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda's All Africa games campaign suffers boxing setback |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/news/sports/Uganda-s-All-Africa-games-campaign-suffers-boxing-setback/4522368-5247066-c7hi1h/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223100419/https://www.ntv.co.ug/news/sports/Uganda-s-All-Africa-games-campaign-suffers-boxing-setback/4522368-5247066-c7hi1h/index.html |archive-date=2024-12-23 |access-date=2026-09-23 |work=NTV Uganda |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu kitundu, ye wa Kampala City Council Authority (KCCA) Boxing Club era atendekwa Vincent Byarugaba, eyali omutendesi w’eggwanga.<ref name=":2" /> Bwogi era ye muwanguzi w’eddimu eryasooka erya Shadow Boxing Challenge eyategekebwa Uganda Boxing Federation (UBF).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-07-02 |title=Bwogi wins inaugural UBF Shadow Boxing Challenge |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/07/02/bwogi-wins-inaugural-ubf-shadow-boxing-challenge/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> === Emizannyo gya Commonwealth === Mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth egya 2018 egyali ku Gold Coast, [[Australia (ssemazinga)|Australia]], yawangula Merven Clair owa Mauritius n’afuna ekifo mu quarterfinals z’abasajja 69 kg era oluvannyuma n’awangulwa Pat McCormack owa England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxing {{!}} Athlete Profile: Musa BWOGI - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/boxing/athlete-profile-n6031762-musa-bwogi.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521061600/https://results.gc2018.com/en/boxing/athlete-profile-n6031762-musa-bwogi.htm |archive-date=2022-05-21 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=results.gc2018.com |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Commonwealth boxing: Uganda's Simbwa joins Bwogi in quarterfinals |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’ategeka emizannyo gya Commonwealth egya 2022 e Birmingham, England, yali baton bearer mu Queen’s Baton Relay, eyatuuka mu ggwanga lye mu November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-12 |title=Commonwealth Sport |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/birmingham-2022 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Commonwealth Sport |language=en}}</ref> === Emizannyo gya Olympic === Mu February 2020, Bwogi yatuuka ku mutendera gwa 2020 Summer Olympics e Tokyo oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula Jesse Lartey owa Ghana mu welterweight box-off ku lunaku olwasembayo mu mpaka za 2020 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament ezaali mu Diamniadio, Senegal. Ku Games, yawangulwa 3–1 Eskerkhan Madiev owa Georgia. == Laba era == * Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics * 2020 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament * Uganda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games * Uganda at the 2019 African Games == Ebyokulabirako == kgquywxx35oyu1doeygmoexumy0v3xf Timoseewo by Akandwanaho Micheal 0 16178 78135 2026-11-07T20:40:59Z Akandwanaho Micheal 10121 Came up with a novel 78135 wikitext text/x-wiki Ensi okundaga amaggwa gaayo ku myaka emito ddala kiringa kirooto kye nnafuna ate mwattu ne nnemwa okukivaamu. Obulamu bwange bwayawukana nnyo ku bulamu baana bannange bwe baayitamu! Naye mu byonna ow'okunenya gwe siraba anti obulamu Lugaba y'abwewundira awatali muntu yenna kussaayo kirowoozo kye oba gamba kusasula ssimooni yonna. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Akandwanaho |first=Micheal |title=Timoseewo}}</ref> Buli lwentuula awo ne nzijukira gye nnayita, sirema kwebaza Mukama. Erinnya nnakula mmanyi nnina limu  "Timoseewo" anti mu kigo ewaali abankuza baŋŋamba nti bansanga nsuuliddwa ku kkubo nga ndiko akapapula akaliko ebigambo bino, "Timoseewo kino kye nkoze sikigenderedde era nsonyiwa.  Mukama akunkuumire".      Omukwano ogw'ekimmemmette abato gwe bafuna oba bagagga oba baavu munnange nze sigumanyangako. Naye okwebaza kwange kugenda eri Sister Majo eyafuba nkeere ŋŋende ku ssomero nkakkalabye egy'ekkalaamu nti lumu ndibaako n'akalungi kakabe katono katya k'enzigya mu kusoma. Haaa....! Embeera y'essomero yakaluba nnyo anti okutambula obwomu mmayiro essatu buli lunaku tekwalikumenya mu jjenje kkalu, enkuba y'okumakya , empewo, nga n'enjala kw'otadde ddala byantigomya. Essomero lyali kkadde ŋŋamba gano agaazimbibwa abaminsani mu myaka eyo 1890, enkuba bwe yatonnyanga mu budde bw'okusoma, wayinzanga okulowooza oli bweru teweggamye anti ebituli ebyali mu mabaati nga tobala. Mu byonna okusoma kwalina okugenda mu maaso anti akajja obunaku... Lugaba engeri gy'akolamu ebintu bye ddala byewuunyisa, laba wangonnomolako omukisa Sister Majo n'aweebwa ekyanya okulondawo ensi gye yali ayagala okugenda okufuna obuyigirize obusingawo eyo mu bazungu. Olwo nno nnali mpezezza emyaka 11 nga kyenkana yafuukira ddala mmange. Bw'entyo bwe nneeyongerayo naye mpaka e Bungereza. Nange era nnasomera ddala era emikwano egizimba wamma ne nfuna. Kya nnaku nnyo nti yatuva ku maaso naye mu buli lukya essaala yange eri omwoyo gwe ngiweereza eri Mukama. Olw'embeera eyo n'obuyigirize bwe nnafuna, kyampaliriza nga siyina gwe neebuuzizzaako nange ddala nteekewo ekijjukizo eky'obulamu bwange wamu ne Sister Majo ekitalyerabirwa nga ly'essomero erirabirira abatalina mwasirizi anti gw'oyamba leero, enkya y'alikuteerawo akabega nga embeera yeefudde.Olw'omusingi ogwo, tusaana tukole akatono ke tusobola okutuukiriza olwo ensi yaffe tugigatteko ettoffaali olwo tulabe enkulaakulana. Akafaananyi kange ako nnakasanga mu ddayale ya kigo mwe nnabeeranga era kye kijjukizo kyokka kye nnasigaza mu buto bwange. Kano kagenda eri abasomi bonna.Embeera ne bwerikaluba etya, nyweza ekkalaamu.Okukola okusalawo: Salawo mu butuufu era yimiriranga ku ludda lw'amazima.Okussa ekitiibwa mu bantu bonna awatali kusosolamu yadde.Okukola ennyo anti teri kijja nga kya bwereere.Weebale nnyo okugoberera omukutu.Munno naye musobozese  akwegatteko muyigire wamu ku mukutu guno.AKANDWANAHO MICHEAL<ref>Obtained from a novel "Timoseewo" by Akandwanaho Micheal </ref> irh2ndcw7ua0r80uwpcnqvq6a3betox 78136 78135 2026-11-07T20:45:31Z Akandwanaho Micheal 10121 Orthography 78136 wikitext text/x-wiki Ensi okundaga amaggwa gaayo ku myaka emito ddala kiringa kirooto kye nnafuna ate mwattu ne nnemwa okukivaamu. Obulamu bwange bwayawukana nnyo ku bulamu baana bannange bwe baayitamu! Naye mu byonna ow'okunenya gwe siraba anti obulamu Lugaba y'abwewundira awatali muntu yenna kussaayo kirowoozo kye oba gamba kusasula ssimooni yonna. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Akandwanaho |first=Micheal |title=Timoseewo}}</ref> Buli lwe ntuula awo ne nzijukira gye nnayita, sirema kwebaza Mukama. Erinnya nnakula mmanyi nnina limu  "Timoseewo" anti mu kigo ewaali abankuza baŋŋamba nti bansanga nsuuliddwa ku kkubo nga ndiko akapapula akaliko ebigambo bino, "Timoseewo kino kye nkoze sikigenderedde era nsonyiwa.  Mukama akunkuumire".      Omukwano ogw'ekimmemmette abato gwe bafuna oba bagagga oba baavu munnange nze sigumanyangako. Naye okwebaza kwange kugenda eri Sister Majo eyafuba nkeere ŋŋende ku ssomero nkakkalabye egy'ekkalaamu nti lumu ndibaako n'akalungi kakabe katono katya k'enzigya mu kusoma. Haaa....! Embeera y'essomero yakaluba nnyo anti okutambula obwomu mmayiro essatu buli lunaku tekwalikumenya mu jjenje kkalu, enkuba y'okumakya , empewo, nga n'enjala kw'otadde ddala byantigomya. Essomero lyali kkadde ŋŋamba gano agaazimbibwa abaminsani mu myaka eyo 1890, enkuba bwe yatonnyanga mu budde bw'okusoma, wayinzanga okulowooza oli bweru teweggamye anti ebituli ebyali mu mabaati nga tobala. Mu byonna okusoma kwalina okugenda mu maaso anti akajja obunaku... Lugaba engeri gy'akolamu ebintu bye ddala byewuunyisa, laba wangonnomolako omukisa Sister Majo n'aweebwa ekyanya okulondawo ensi gye yali ayagala okugenda okufuna obuyigirize obusingawo eyo mu bazungu. Olwo nno nnali mpezezza emyaka 11 nga kyenkana yafuukira ddala mmange. Bw'entyo bwe nneeyongerayo naye mpaka e Bungereza. Nange era nnasomera ddala era emikwano egizimba wamma ne nfuna. Kya nnaku nnyo nti yatuva ku maaso naye mu buli lukya essaala yange eri omwoyo gwe ngiweereza eri Mukama. Olw'embeera eyo n'obuyigirize bwe nnafuna, kyampaliriza nga siyina gwe neebuuzizzaako nange ddala nteekewo ekijjukizo eky'obulamu bwange wamu ne Sister Majo ekitalyerabirwa nga ly'essomero erirabirira abatalina mwasirizi anti gw'oyamba leero, enkya y'alikuteerawo akabega nga embeera yeefudde.Olw'omusingi ogwo, tusaana tukole akatono ke tusobola okutuukiriza olwo ensi yaffe tugigatteko ettoffaali olwo tulabe enkulaakulana. Akafaananyi kange ako nnakasanga mu ddayale ya kigo mwe nnabeeranga era kye kijjukizo kyokka kye nnasigaza mu buto bwange. Kano kagenda eri abasomi bonna.Embeera ne bwerikaluba etya, nyweza ekkalaamu.Okukola okusalawo: Salawo mu butuufu era yimiriranga ku ludda lw'amazima.Okussa ekitiibwa mu bantu bonna awatali kusosolamu yadde.Okukola ennyo anti teri kijja nga kya bwereere.Weebale nnyo okugoberera omukutu.Munno naye musobozese  akwegatteko muyigire wamu ku mukutu guno.AKANDWANAHO MICHEAL<ref>Obtained from a novel "Timoseewo" by Akandwanaho Micheal </ref> hkuvoeg68ejljgcjam1r6f75nmrqngy Talk:John Wycliffe Lwamafa 1 16179 78204 2026-11-08T11:45:42Z HulkNorris 11985 /* English version and here */ new section 78204 wikitext text/x-wiki == English version and here == Please help to find his date of death. [[User:HulkNorris|HulkNorris]] ([[User talk:HulkNorris|talk]]) 11:45, 8 Gwakkuminogumu(Museenene) 2026 (UTC) nw9scsbf8lb8qccj2cb4kvi8hsg54dz