Paris

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.10.xsd" version="0.10" xml:lang="lld">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>lldwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata_prinzipala</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Speciale</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Discussione</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Utente</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Discussioni utente</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Discussioni Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Discussioni file</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Discussioni MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Discussioni template</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Aiuto</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Discussioni aiuto</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Categoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Discussioni categoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Modulo</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Discussioni modulo</namespace>
      <namespace key="2300" case="first-letter">Accessorio</namespace>
      <namespace key="2301" case="first-letter">Discussioni accessorio</namespace>
      <namespace key="2302" case="case-sensitive">Definizione accessorio</namespace>
      <namespace key="2303" case="case-sensitive">Discussioni definizione accessorio</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Paris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>921</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94186</id>
      <parentid>90666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-14T10:27:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>D’Azur</username>
        <id>895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4095" xml:space="preserve">{{gherdëina}}{{Infobox chemun Franzia
|Foto                   = La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques,_Paris_août_2014_(2).jpg
|Inuem luech            = Paris
|Blason                 = Grandes Armes de Paris.svg
|Region                 = {{flag|Île-de-France}}
|Dipartimënt            = Paris
|Fundazion              =
|Spersa                 = 105.4
|Coordinates            = {{coord|48|51|N|2|21|E|display=inline}}   &lt;!--mantenì chësc format--&gt;
|Data abitanc           = 1-1-2019
|Abitanc chemun         = 2148271
|Abitanc metro          = 11020000
|INSEE                  =  75056
|Codesc posta           =
|Cherta                 = {{Mappa di localizzazione
|FRA
|label = Paris
|latitudineGradi = 48
|latitudinePrimi = 51
|longitudineGradi = 2
|longitudinePrimi = 21
|position = #position##
|width = 300
|float = center
|relief = yes
}}
}}'''Paris''' ({{IPA-fr|paʁi|3=Paris Pronunciation in French by James Tamim.ogg}}) ie la [[capitela]] de la [[Franzia]] y nce la capitela de la [[Regions de la Franzia|region]] [[Île-de-France]]. Tl 2019 ovela na populazion de {{formatnum:2148271}} tl chemun y de {{formatnum:11020000}} tl raion metropolitan.&lt;ref name=popleg2019&gt;{{cite web 
|title=Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019
|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6011070
|publisher={{wikidata|property|linked|eid=Q110382235|P123}}
|date=28 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; L chemun à na spersa de {{formatnum:105.4}} km².

== Geografia ==
[[File:Louvre_Courtyard,_Looking_West.jpg|thumb|L Louvre]]
* Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°21′07″E
* Autëza: 28 – 131 m s.l.m.
* Spersa: 105,4&amp;nbsp;km²
* Abitanc: 2 229 095

=== Tlima ===

{{Tlima
| TABELA =
| DIAGRAMM TEMPERATURA =
| DIAGRAMM PREZIPITAZIONS =
| DIAGRAMM PREZIPITAZIONS AUTEZA = 200
| FUNTANA =[http://worldweather.wmo.int/062/c00194.htm Météo-France]; Tume y ëures de surëdl: [http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=fr&amp;stat=07149 wetterkontor.de]
| Titul =
| Luech = Paris
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Höchsttemperatur für den jeweiligen Monat in °C --&gt;
| hmjan = 6.9
| hmfeb = 8.2
| hmmär = 11.8
| hmapr = 14.7
| hmmai = 19.0
| hmjun = 21.8
| hmjul = 24.4
| hmaug = 24.6
| hmsep = 20.8
| hmokt = 15.8
| hmnov = 10.4
| hmdez = 7.8
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Niedrigsttemperatur für den jeweiligen Monat in °C --&gt;
| lmjan = 2.5
| lmfeb = 2.8
| lmmär = 5.1
| lmapr = 6.8
| lmmai = 10.5
| lmjun = 13.3
| lmjul = 15.5
| lmaug = 15.4
| lmsep = 12.5
| lmokt = 9.2
| lmnov = 5.3
| lmdez = 3.6
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Temperatur für den jeweiligen Monat in °C --&gt;
| avjan = 4.7
| avfeb = 5.5
| avmär = 8.4
| avapr = 10.7
| avmai = 14.7
| avjun = 17.5
| avjul = 19.9
| avaug = 20.0
| avsep = 16.6
| avokt = 12.5
| avnov = 7.8
| avdez = 5.7
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge für den jeweiligen Monat in mm --&gt;
| nbjan = 53.7
| nbfeb = 43.7
| nbmär = 48.5
| nbapr = 53.0
| nbmai = 65.0
| nbjun = 54.6
| nbjul = 63.1
| nbaug = 43.0
| nbsep = 54.7
| nbokt = 59.7
| nbnov = 51.9
| nbdez = 58.7
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Anzahl täglicher Sonnenstunden für den jeweiligen Monat in h/d --&gt;
| shjan = 1.9
| shfeb = 2.9
| shmär = 5.1
| shapr = 6.0
| shmai = 7.5
| shjun = 8.1
| shjul = 7.8
| shaug = 7.1
| shsep = 6.0
| shokt = 4.1
| shnov = 2.0
| shdez = 1.5
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Wassertemperatur (Meere. Seen u.ä.) für den jeweiligen Monat in °C --&gt;
| wtjan =
| wtfeb =
| wtmär =
| wtapr =
| wtmai =
| wtjun =
| wtjul =
| wtaug =
| wtsep =
| wtokt =
| wtnov =
| wtdez =
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Regentage für den jeweiligen Monat in d --&gt;
| rdjan = 10.2
| rdfeb = 9.3
| rdmär = 10.4
| rdapr = 9.4
| rdmai = 10.3
| rdjun = 8.6
| rdjul = 8.0
| rdaug = 6.9
| rdsep = 8.5
| rdokt = 9.5
| rdnov = 9.7
| rddez = 10.7
&lt;!-- durchschnittliche Luftfeuchtigkeit für den jeweiligen Monat in % --&gt;
| lfjan = 86
| lffeb = 81
| lfmär = 76
| lfapr = 69
| lfmai = 71
| lfjun = 73
| lfjul = 73
| lfaug = 74
| lfsep = 79
| lfokt = 85
| lfnov = 87
| lfdez = 88
}}

== Storia ==

== Notes ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Chemun de la Franzia]]
[[Categoria:Île-de-France]]
[[Categoria:Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>5yy7ixcqpl28jwiqoeuwgziti5brbj3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portugal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94174</id>
      <parentid>12567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:47:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1559" xml:space="preserve">{{Gherdëina}}{{Infobox Stat
|Bandiera                 = Flag_of_Portugal.svg
|Blason                   = Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg
|Inuem                    = Republica Portugeja
|Inuem ufiziel            = República Portuguesa
|Capitela                 = {{Blason|Lisboa}} 
|Sënta guviern            =
|Majera zità              =
|Inuem inn                = A Portuguesa
|Inn                      = Hino Nacional da Republica Portuguesa.ogg
|Lingaz 1                 = [[lingaz portughesc|Portughesc]]
|Lingaz 2                 = 
|Abitanc                  = 10352042
|Data abitanc             = 2021
|Spersa                   = 92212
|Spersa tiera             = 
|Ega                      = 1,2
|Forma de guviern         = [[Republica]] semi-presidenziela [[Stat uniter|unitera]]
|Presidënt                = [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]
|Prim minister            = [[António Costa]]
|Ann PIB                  = 2020
|PIB numinel              = 251.9    &lt;!--valor te miliarc--&gt;
|PIB VPC                  = 419.7    &lt;!--valor te miliarc--&gt;
|Munëida                  = [[Euro]]  (€)
|TLD Internet             = .pt
|Prefis dl telefon        = +351
|Furnea a                 = man drëta
|Codesc ISO 3166          = PT
|Cherta                   = EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg
}}L '''Portugal''', ufizielmënter la '''Republica Portugeja''' ([[lingaz portughesc|portughesc]]: ''República Portuguesa'' {{IPA-pt|ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ|}}), ie n Stat dl'[[Europa]].


{{Europa}}

[[Categoria:Stac dl'Europa]]
[[Categoria:Union européa]]</text>
      <sha1>ckrkwpi7wrfl0x83sfut58owdqsjad5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>94184</id>
      <parentid>94174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1561" xml:space="preserve">{{Gherdëina}}{{Infobox Stat
|Bandiera                 = Flag_of_Portugal.svg
|Blason                   = Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg
|Inuem                    = Republica Portugheja
|Inuem ufiziel            = República Portuguesa
|Capitela                 = {{Blason|Lisboa}} 
|Sënta guviern            =
|Majera zità              =
|Inuem inn                = A Portuguesa
|Inn                      = Hino Nacional da Republica Portuguesa.ogg
|Lingaz 1                 = [[lingaz portughesc|Portughesc]]
|Lingaz 2                 = 
|Abitanc                  = 10352042
|Data abitanc             = 2021
|Spersa                   = 92212
|Spersa tiera             = 
|Ega                      = 1,2
|Forma de guviern         = [[Republica]] semi-presidenziela [[Stat uniter|unitera]]
|Presidënt                = [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]
|Prim minister            = [[António Costa]]
|Ann PIB                  = 2020
|PIB numinel              = 251.9    &lt;!--valor te miliarc--&gt;
|PIB VPC                  = 419.7    &lt;!--valor te miliarc--&gt;
|Munëida                  = [[Euro]]  (€)
|TLD Internet             = .pt
|Prefis dl telefon        = +351
|Furnea a                 = man drëta
|Codesc ISO 3166          = PT
|Cherta                   = EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg
}}L '''Portugal''', ufizielmënter la '''Republica Portugheja''' ([[lingaz portughesc|portughesc]]: ''República Portuguesa'' {{IPA-pt|ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ|}}), ie n Stat dl'[[Europa]].


{{Europa}}

[[Categoria:Stac dl'Europa]]
[[Categoria:Union européa]]</text>
      <sha1>b2p9epn8lekv6etgq85tnxg0ahsed5y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aiuto:IPA/Talian</title>
    <ns>12</ns>
    <id>3671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94183</id>
      <parentid>23377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:55:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9082" xml:space="preserve">La tabella seguente riporta i simboli dell'[[alfabeto fonetico internazionale|alfabeto fonetico internazionale (AFI)]] utilizzati per la [[lingua italiana]]. Questi simboli sono usati nelle [[Trascrizione fonetica|trascrizioni fonetiche]] e [[Trascrizione fonemica|fonemiche]] della lingua italiana.

{{Vedi anche|Fonologia della lingua italiana}}

{| style=&quot;background: none
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=2| [[Consonante|Consonanti]]&lt;ref&gt;Se le consonanti sono scritte doppie, sono [[Geminazione consonantica|geminate]]: per esempio ''gatto'' {{IPA|/ˈɡatto/}}, ''acqua'' {{IPA|/ˈakkwa/}}. Con le [[Consonante affricata|consonanti affricate]] la geminazione si segnala raddoppiando il monogramma (''pazzo'' {{IPA|/ˈpaʦʦo/}}, ''laccio'' {{IPA|/ˈlaʧʧo/}}) oppure raddoppiando il primo simbolo della legatura (''pazzo'' {{IPA|/ˈpatt͡so/}} o {{IPA|/ˈpattso/}}, ''laccio'' {{IPA|/ˈlatt͡ʃo/}} o {{IPA|/ˈlattʃo/}}); in questa tabella viene utilizzata la prima convenzione.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
![[Alfabeto fonetico internazionale|IPA]]
! Ejëmpli
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva bilabiale sonora|b]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''b'''anca; ci'''b'''o
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva dentale sonora|d]]&lt;/big&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dentali&quot;&gt;Più precisamente le consonanti {{IPA|/t/}} e {{IPA|/d/}} dell'italiano sono [[Consonante dentale|dentali]] e andrebbero segnalate con {{IPA|[t̪]}} e {{IPA|[d̪]}}; per semplicità sono usate le lettere senza il [[Segno diacritico|diacritico]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| '''d'''ove; i'''d'''ra
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Affricata alveolare sonora|ʣ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''z'''an'''z'''ara; '''z'''aino; me'''zz'''o&lt;ref name=&quot;geminate&quot;&gt;{{IPA|/ʎ/}}, {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, {{IPA|/ʦ/}} e {{IPA|/ʣ/}} sono sempre [[Geminazione consonantica|geminate]] tra vocali.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Affricata postalveolare sonora|ʤ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''g'''elato; '''gi'''ungla; ma'''g'''ia; '''j'''eans
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Fricativa labiodentale sorda|f]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''f'''atto; co'''f'''ano
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva velare sonora|ɡ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''g'''atto; '''g'''lifo; '''gh'''etto; lin'''g'''ua
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;[[Approssimante palatale|j]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''i'''eri; sco'''i'''attolo; p'''i'''ù; '''y'''acht
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva velare sorda|k]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''c'''ane; s'''c'''ritto; an'''ch'''e; '''q'''uei; '''k'''aiser
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Laterale approssimante alveolare|l]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''l'''ato; '''l'''ieve; pa'''l'''a
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Laterale approssimante palatale|ʎ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''gl'''i; '''gli'''elo; ma'''gli'''a&lt;ref name=&quot;geminate&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Nasale bilabiale|m]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''m'''ano; a'''m'''are; ca'''m'''po
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Nasale labiodentale|ɱ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| i'''n'''verno; a'''n'''fibio&lt;ref name=&quot;nasale&quot;&gt;La [[Consonante nasale|nasale]] si [[Assimilazione (linguistica)|assimila]] sempre per luogo di articolazione a quello della consonante successiva. Quindi la ''n'' in {{IPA|/nk/}} o {{IPA|/nɡ/}} è velare {{IPA|[ŋ]}}, quella in {{IPA|/nf/}} o {{IPA|/nv/}} è labiodentale {{IPA|[ɱ]}}, e solo {{IPA|[m]}} si trova davanti {{IPA|/p/}} o {{IPA|/b/}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Nasale alveolare|n]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''n'''ome; do'''n'''are; pu'''n'''to&lt;ref name=&quot;nasale&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Nasale velare|ŋ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| fa'''n'''go; u'''n'''ghia; a'''n'''ca; du'''n'''que&lt;ref name=&quot;nasale&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Nasale palatale|ɲ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''gn'''occo; o'''gn'''i&lt;ref name=&quot;geminate&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva bilabiale sorda|p]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''p'''rima; am'''p'''io; co'''p'''erto
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vibrante alveolare|r]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''R'''oma; mo'''r'''te; quatt'''r'''o&lt;ref&gt;La [[Consonante vibrante|vibrante]] può essere realizzata come [[Monovibrante alveolare|monovibrante]] in sillaba non accentata quando non è geminata, mentre in sillaba accentata e quando è geminata è sempre realizzata come polivibrante.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Fricativa alveolare sorda|s]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''s'''ano; '''s'''catola; pre'''s'''entire; pa'''s'''to
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Fricativa postalveolare sorda|ʃ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''sc'''ena; '''sci'''ame; pe'''sc'''i&lt;ref name=&quot;geminate&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Occlusiva dentale sorda|t]]&lt;/big&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dentali&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| '''t'''ranne; mi'''t'''o; al'''t'''o
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Affricata alveolare sorda|ʦ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''z'''o'''zz'''o; a'''z'''ione; mar'''z'''o&lt;ref name=&quot;geminate&quot;/&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Affricata postalveolare sorda|ʧ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''c'''ena; '''ci'''ao; farma'''c'''ia
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Fricativa labiodentale sonora|v]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''v'''ado; po'''v'''ero; '''w'''att
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;[[Approssimante labiovelare sonora|w]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''u'''ovo; f'''u'''oco; q'''u'''i; '''w'''eek-end
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Fricativa alveolare sonora|z]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''s'''bavare; cau'''s'''a; pre'''s'''entare; a'''s'''ma
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!colspan=2| [[Vocale|Vocali]]&lt;ref&gt;L'italiano contrasta distintivamente sette vocali nelle sillabe toniche, che si riducono a cinque in quelle atone, dove non compaiono mai le vocali medio-basse {{IPA|/ɛ/}} e {{IPA|/ɔ/}}: per esempio, ''poss'''o''''' {{IPA|/ˈpɔsso/}} (e non {{IPA|/ˈpɔssɔ/}}). Tali vocali possono comparire in sillabe su cui cade un accento secondario (''p'''o'''rtasapone'' {{IPA|/ˌpɔrtasaˈpone/}}, ''s'''e'''mpreverde'' {{IPA|/ˌsɛmpreˈverde/}}).&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! [[Alfabeto fonetico internazionale|IPA]]
! Ejëmpli
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale anteriore aperta non arrotondata|a]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''a'''lto; s'''a'''r'''à'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale anteriore semichiusa non arrotondata|e]]&lt;/big&gt;
| v'''e'''ro; p'''e'''rch'''é'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale anteriore semiaperta non arrotondata|ɛ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''e'''tto; cio'''è'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale anteriore chiusa non arrotondata|i]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''i'''mposta; col'''i'''br'''ì'''&lt;ref name=&quot;dittonghi&quot;&gt;In aggiunta ai [[Monottongo|monottonghi]] ci sono [[Dittongo|dittonghi]], composti dalla sequenza di una vocale e {{IPA|[i̯]}} o {{IPA|[u̯]}}:
* {{IPA|/ai/}} di ''b'''ai'''ta''
* {{IPA|/ei/}} di ''pot'''ei'''''
* {{IPA|/ɛi/}} di ''s'''ei'''''
* {{IPA|/oi/}} di ''v'''oi'''''
* {{IPA|/ɔi/}} di ''p'''oi'''''
* {{IPA|/ui/}} di ''l'''ui'''''
* {{IPA|/au/}} di '''''au'''to''
* {{IPA|/eu/}} di ''pl'''eu'''rite''
* {{IPA|/ɛu/}} di ''n'''eu'''tro''
* {{IPA|/iu/}} di ''r'''iu'''scire''
Le sequenze {{IPA|/ou/}} e {{IPA|/ɔu/}} non si verificano in italiano. Non sono invece dittonghi le sequenze di {{IPA|/j/}} o {{IPA|/w/}} e vocale: ''p'''iu'''ma'' {{IPA|/ˈpjuma/}}, ''q'''ua'''le'' {{IPA|/ˈkwale/}}, ''a'''iuo'''la'' {{IPA|/aˈjwɔla/}}, ''seg'''uia'''mo'' {{IPA|/seˈɡwjamo/}}; ''m'''iei''''' {{IPA|/ˈmjɛi/}} (dittongo /ɛi/, non [[trittongo]]); ''c'''uoio''''' {{IPA|/ˈkwɔjo/}} (due sillabe con monottonghi); ''osseq'''uiai''''' {{IPA|/osseˈkwjai/}} (dittongo /ai/, non quadrittongo). Tutte le altre possibili sequenze di vocali formano sempre uno [[iato]] e le vocali appartengono a due sillabe distinte (id'''ea''', z'''oo''').&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale posteriore semichiusa arrotondata|o]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''o'''mbra; g'''o'''g'''ó'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale posteriore semiaperta arrotondata|ɔ]]&lt;/big&gt;
| n'''o'''tte; sar'''ò'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;big&gt;[[Vocale posteriore chiusa arrotondata|u]]&lt;/big&gt;
| '''u'''ltimo; p'''u'''tip'''ù'''&lt;ref name=&quot;dittonghi&quot;/&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
!colspan=2| [[Alfabeto fonetico internazionale|Prosodia]]
|-
! [[Alfabeto fonetico internazionale|IPA]]
! Ejëmpli
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ˈ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| ac'''cen'''to {{IPA|/aʧˈʧɛnto/}}
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ˌ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| '''sal'''damente {{IPA|/ˌsaldaˈmente/}}
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;{{IPA|.}}&lt;/big&gt;
| sc'''io'''lina {{IPA|/ʃi.oˈlina/}}
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;big&gt;{{IPA|ː}}&lt;/big&gt;
| pr'''i'''mo {{IPA|[ˈpriːmo]}}&lt;ref&gt;Le vocali accentate in sillaba che termina con una vocale singola, tranne che per l'ultima sillaba di una parola, sono sempre lunghe: ''fato'' {{IPA|[ˈfaːto]}} ~ ''fatto'' {{IPA|[ˈfatto]}}. Mioni (2001:175), Kramer (2009:51), Albano Leoni e Maturi (2007:72) riportano che l'allungamento avviene in qualunque [[sillaba]] aperta non finale; Rogers e D'Arcangeli (2004) affermano invece che l'allungamento vocalico è un fenomeno controverso.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
|}

== Note ==
{{references}}

== Bibliografia ==
* Kramer M. (2009). ''The phonology of Italian'', Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]].
* Mioni A. M. (2001). ''Elementi di fonetica'', Padova: Unipress.
* Albano Leoni F., Maturi P. (1995). ''Manuale di fonetica'', Roma: [[Carocci Editore|La Nuova Italia Scientifica]].
* Rogers D., D'Arcangeli L. (2004). ''Illustrations of the IPA: Italian'', in ''Journal of the International Phonetics Association'', Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]], pp. 117–121.

== Pagine correlate ==
* [[Template:Dipi]]
* [[Template:DOP]]

[[Categoria:Aiuto sulla scrittura delle voci]]</text>
      <sha1>bh5weq4hmf9tb1i9s8dbisqwvxapuhx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Blason</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>21764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94185</id>
      <parentid>94110</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:57:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56262" xml:space="preserve">[[File:&lt;!---
---&gt;{{#switch: {{{1}}}
&lt;!---
TABLE of CONTENTS:

1. PRESENT-DAY SOVEREIGN COUNTRIES and NON-SOVEREIGN ENTITIES
2. HISTORICAL SOVEREIGN ENTITIES
3. CITIES
4. SUB-NATIONAL REGIONS
    4.alb Albania:       4.alb.1 Albanian Counties [Qarqe]
    4.aut Austria:       4.aut.1 Austrian States [Länder]
    4.bel Belgium:       4.bel.1 Belgian Regions
                         4.bel.2 Belgian Provinces
    4.cze Czech Republic:       4.cze.1 Czech Regions [Kraje]
    4.esp Spain:         4.esp.1 Spanish Autonomous Communities and Cities [Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas]
    4.est Estonia:       4.est.1 Estonian Counties [Maakonnad]
                         4.est.2 Estonian Parishes [Vald]
    4.fin Finland:       4.fin.1 Finnish Regions [Maakunta]
    4.fra.France:        4.fra.1 ruh Regions [Régions]
    4.ger Germany:       4.ger.1 German States [Länder]
    4.ina Indonesia:     4.ina.1 Indonesian Provinces [Provinsi] 
    4.ind India:         4.ind.1 Indian States and Union Territories
    4.irl Ireland:       4.irl.1 Irish Counties
    4.ita Italy:         4.ita.1 Italian Regions [Regioni]
                         4.ita.2 Italian Provinces [Province]
    4.lux Luxembourg:    4.lux.1 Luxembourgish Cantons [Kantounen]
    4.mkd Macedonia:     4.mkd.1 Macedonian Statistical Regions [Statistichi Regioni]
    4.ned Netherlands:   4.ned.1 Dutch Provinces [Provincies]
    4.nor Norway:        4.nor.1 Norwegian Counties [Fylker]
    4.pol Poland:        4.pol.1 Polish Voivodeships [Województwo]
    4.rou Romania:       4.rou.1 Romanian Counties [Județe]
    4.rsa South Africa:  4.rsa.1 South African Provinces
    4.sui Switzerland:   4.sui.1 Swiss Cantons
    4.svk Slovakia:      4.svk.1 Slovak Regions [Kraje]
    4.swe Sweden:        4.swe.1 Swedish Counties [Län]
    4.ukr Ukraine:       4.ukr.1 Ukrainian Oblasts [Oblasti]
    4.usa United States: 4.usa.1 United States of America States
5. HISTORICAL SUB-NATIONAL REGIONS
    5.fr French Republic
    5.hre Holy Roman Empire
    5.kof Kingdom of France 
    5.kon Kingdom of Norway
    5.kop Kingdom of Prussia
    5.kos Kingdom of Sweden
    5.sfry Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
6. MILITARY and POLICE UNITS
7. RELIGIOUS ENTITIES
8. EDUCATIONAL ENTITIES
9. CORPORATE and ECONOMIC ENTITIES
10. ETHNIC and TRIBAL GROUPS
11. DEFAULT
---&gt;

&lt;!---
1. PRESENT-DAY SOVEREIGN COUNTRIES and NON-SOVEREIGN ENTITIES:
---&gt;
| England=Royal Arms of England.svg
| Alderney=Coat of Arms of Alderney.svg
| Abkhazia=Coat of arms of Abkhazia.svg
| Albania=Coat of arms of Albania.svg
| Andorra=Arms of Andorra.svg
| Anguilla=Coat of arms of Anguilla.svg
| Antigua and Barbuda = Insigne Antiquae et Barbudae.svg
| Argentina=Insigne Argentinum.svg
| Armenia=Arms of Armenia.svg
| Aruba = Insigne Arubae.svg
| Australia=Shield of arms of Australia.svg
| Austria=Austria coat of arms official.svg
| Azerbaijan=Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg
| Bahamas = Insigne Bahamarum.svg
| Bahrain = Arms of Bahrain.png
| Bailiwick of Guernsey = Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg
| Barbados = Insigne Barbatae.svg
| Belarus = Coat of arms of Belarus.svg
| Belgium=Royal Arms of Belgium.svg
| Belize = Insigne Belizae.svg
| Benin = Insigne Benini.svg
| Bermuda = Insigne Bermudae.svg
| Bolivia=Insigne Bolivicus.svg
| Bonaire = Insigne Insulae Boni Aëris.svg
| Bosnia and Herzegovina=Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
| Botswana = Insigne Botswanae.svg
| Brazil=Insigne Brasilicum.svg
| British Indian Ocean Territory = Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory (Shield).svg
| British Virgin Islands = Insigne Insularum Virginis Britannicae.svg
| Bulgaria=Coat of arms of Bulgaria (version by constitution).svg
| Burkina Faso=Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg
| Burundi = Insigne Burundiae.svg
| Cambodia=Arms of Cambodia.svg
| Cameroon = Insigne Cammaruniae.svg
| Canada=Arms of Canada.svg
| Cayman Islands = Insigne Insularum Caimanenses.svg
| Central African Republic = Insigne rei publicae Africae Mediae.svg
| Chad = Insigne Tzadiae.svg
| Chile=Chilean Air Force roundel.svg
| Christmas Island=Coat of Arms of Christmas Island.svg
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands = Insigne Insularum Cocos seu Keeling.svg
| Colombia=Insigne Columbum.svg
| Cook Islands = Insigne Insularum de Cook.svg
| Costa Rica=Insigne Costaricum.svg
| Cote d'Ivoire = Insigne Litoris Eburnei.svg
| Côte d'Ivoire = Insigne Litoris Eburnei.svg
| Croatia=Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
| Cuba=Insigne Cubicum.svg
| Curaçao=Blason an Curaçao.svg
| Cyprus=Arms of Cyprus.svg
| Czech Republic=Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
| Czechia=Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
| Democratic Republic of Congo = Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg
| Democratic Republic of the Congo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg 
| Denmark=National Coat of arms of Denmark no crown.svg
| Djibouti = Insigne Gibuti.svg
| Dominica = Insigne Dominicae.svg
| Dominican Republic=Insigne Dominicum.svg
| East Timor=Shield Coat of arms of East Timor.png
| Ecuador=Insigne Aequatorium.svg
| Egypt=Insigne Aegyptium.svg
| El Salvador=Insigne Salvatoriae.svg
| Eritrea = Insigne Erythraeae.svg
| Equatorial Guinea = Insigne Guineae Aequinoctialis.svg
| Estonia=Small coat of arms of Estonia.svg
| eSwatini = Insigne Swaziae.svg
| Eswatini = Insigne Swaziae.svg
| Ethiopia = Emblem of Ethiopia.svg
| European Union=Coat of arms of Europe.svg
| Falkland Islands = Insigne Falklandiae.svg
| Faroe Islands=Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg
| Fiji=Arms of Fiji.svg
| Finland=Coat of Arms of Finland Alternative style.svg
| France=Arms of the French Republic.svg
| French Guiana=BlasonGuyane.svg
| French Polynesia=Coat of arms of French Polynesia.svg
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands=Armoiries Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.svg
| Gabon = Insigne Gabonis.svg
| Gambia = Insigne Gambiae.svg
| Georgia (country)=Arms of Georgia.svg
| Georgia=Arms of Georgia.svg
| Germany=Coat of arms of Germany.svg
| Ghana = Insigne Ganae.svg
| Gibraltar=Arms of Gibraltar (Variant).svg
| Greece=Lesser coat of arms of Greece.svg
| Greenland=Coat of arms of Greenland.svg
| Grenada = Insigne Granatae.png
| Guadeloupe=BlasonGuadeloupe.svg
| Guam=Coat of arms of Guam.svg
| Guernsey=Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg
| Guinea = Insigne rei publicae Guineae.svg
| Guinea-Bissau = Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg
| Guyana = Insigne Guianae.svg
| Honduras=Insigne Honduriae.svg
| Hungary=Arms of Hungary.svg
| Iceland=Arms of Iceland.svg
| Indonesia=Pancasila Perisai.svg
| Iraq=Arms of Iraq.svg
| Ireland=Arms of the Republic of Ireland.svg
| Isle of Man=Coat of arms of Isle of Man.svg
| Israel=Emblem of Israel.svg
| Italy=Emblem of Italy.svg
| Ivory Coast = Insigne Litoris Eburnei.svg
| Jamaica = Insigne Iamaicae.svg
| Jersey=Jersey coa.svg
| Jordan=Arms of Jordan.svg
| Kazakhstan=Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg
| Kenya = Insigne Keniae.svg
| Kingdom of the Netherlands=Royal Arms of the Netherlands.svg
| Kiribati=Insigne Kiribatum.svg
| Kosovo=Coat of arms of Kosovo.svg
| Kuwait = Insigne Cuvaiti.svg
| Latvia=Lesser coat of arms of Latvia (escutcheon).svg
| Lebanon=Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg
| Lesotho = Insigne Lesothi.svg
| Liberia=Insigne Liberiae.svg
| Liechtenstein=Lesser arms of Liechtenstein.svg 
| Lithuania=Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg
| Luxembourg=EU Member States' CoA Series- Luxembourg.svg
| Madeira=Insigne Insularum Materiae.svg
| Malawi = Insigne Malaviae.svg
| Malaysia=Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg
| Mali = Coat_of_arms_of_Mali.svg
| Malta=Arms of Malta.svg
| Martinique=BlasonMartinique.svg
| Mauritius = Insigne Mauritiae.svg
| Mayotte = BlasonMayotte.svg
| Mexico=Insigne Mexicanum.svg
| Moldova=Arms of Moldova.svg
| Monaco=Blason pays Monaco.svg
| Montenegro=Arms of Montenegro.svg
| Montserrat=Coat of arms of Montserrat.svg
| Morocco=Insigne Maroci.svg
| Myanmar=Insigne Birmaniae.svg
| Nagorno-Karabakh=Arms of Nagorno-Karabakh.svg
| Namibia=Insigne Namibiae.svg
| NATO=Coat of arms of the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee.svg
| Nauru=Insigne Naurunum.svg
| Netherlands=Royal Arms of the Netherlands.svg
| New Zealand=Arms of New Zealand.svg
| Nicaragua=Insigne Nicaraguae.svg
| Niger = Insigne Nigritanum.svg
| Nigeria = Insigne Nigeriae.svg
| Norfolk Island = Insigne Insulae Norfolciae.svg
| North Atlantic Treaty Organisation=Coat of arms of the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee.svg
| North Macedonia=Coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia.svg
| Northern Cyprus=Arms of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg
| Northern Ireland=NI shield.svg
| Norway=Blason Norvège.svg
| Pakistan=Arms of Pakistan.svg
| Palestine=Insigne Palaestinae.svg
| Panama=Insigne Panamae.svg
| People's Republic of China=National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.svg
| Peru=Insigne Peruviae.svg
| Philippines=Arms of the Philippines.svg
| Pitcairn Islands = Insigne Insularum Pitcairn.svg
| Poland=Herb Polski.svg
| Portugal=Shield of the Kingdom of Portugal (1481-1910).png
| Puerto Rico = Insigne Portus divitis.svg
| Republic of Macedonia=Coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia.svg
| Republic of the Congo = Insigne rei publicae Congensis.svg
| Réunion=BlasonRéunion.svg
| Romania=Coat of arms of Romania.svg
| Russia=Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg
| Rwanda=Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg
| Saba = Insigne Sabae.svg
| Saint Barthélemy=BlasonSaintBarthelemy.svg
| Saint Kitts and Nevis=Insigne Sancti Christophori et Nivium.svg
| Saint Lucia = Insigne Sanctae Luciae.svg
| Collectivity of Saint Martin = Insigne Insulae Sancti Martini (Francia).svg
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon=BlasonSaintPierreetMiquelon.svg
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines = Insigne Sancti Vincenti et Granatinae.svg
| Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis=Blason_de_Saint-Denis.svg
| Samoa = Insigne Samoae.svg
| San Marino=Insigne Sancti Marini.svg
| São Tomé and Príncipe = Insigne Insularum Sancti Thomae et Principis.png
| Scotland=Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg
| Senegal = Insigne Senegaliae.svg
| Serbia=Coat of arms of Serbia small.svg
| Seychelles = Insigne Insularum Seisellensium.svg
| Sierra Leone = Insigne Montis Leonini.svg
| Singapore=Blason Singapour.svg
| Sint Eustatius = Insigne Insulae Eustathii.svg
| Sint Maarten = Insigne Insulae Sancti Martini (Nederlandia).svg
| Slovakia=Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg
| Slovenia=Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg
| Solomon Islands = Insigne Insularum Salomonis.svg
| Somalia = Insigne Somaliae.svg
&lt;!--| South Africa=Insigne Africae australis.svg--&gt;
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands = Insigne Georgiae Australis et Insularum Sandvich Australium.svg
| South Ossetia=Coat of arms of South Ossetia.svg
| South Ossetia=Wapen Ossetien.svg
| South Sudan=Blason imaginaire de Guiron le Courtois.svg
| Spain=Arms of Spain.svg
| Sudan = Insigne Sudaniae.svg
| Suriname = Insigne Surinamiae.svg
| Swaziland = Insigne Swaziae.svg
| Sweden=Shield of arms of Sweden.svg
| Switzerland=Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg 
| Syria=Insigne Syriae.svg
| Tanzania = Insigne Tanzaniae.svg
| The Gambia=Insigne Gambiae.svg
| Timor-Leste=Shield Coat of arms of East Timor.png
| Togo=Coat of arms of Togo.svg
| Tonga=Insigne Tongae.svg
| Transnistria=Coat of arms of Transnistria.svg
| Trinidad and Tobago = Insigne Trinitatis et Tobaci.svg
| Tunisia = Insigne Tunesiae.svg
| Turks and Caicos Islands=Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg
| Tuvalu=Insigne Tuvalum.svg
| Uganda = Insigne Ugandae.svg
| Ukraine=Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg
| United Arab Emirates=Arms of the United Arab Emirates.svg
| United Kingdom=Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
| United States=Coat of arms of the United States.svg
| Uruguay=Insigne Uraquariae.svg
| Vatican City=Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg
| Venezuela=Insigne Venetiolae.svg
| Wallis and Futuna=Coa Wallis Futuna.svg
| Yemen = Insigne Iemeniae.svg
| Zambia = Insigne Zambiae.svg
| Zimbabwe = Insigne Zimbabuae.svg
&lt;!---
2. HISTORICAL SOVEREIGN ENTITIES:
---&gt;
| Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia=Armoiries Héthoumides.svg
| Armenian Principality of Cilicia=Armoiries Héthoumides.svg
| Austria-Hungary=Wappen Österreich-Ungarn 1916 (Klein).png
| Brandenburg-Prussia=POL Prusy książęce COA.svg
| Brunswick-Lüneburg=Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg
| Byzantium = Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.svg
| Byzantine = Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.svg
| Byzantine Empire = Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.svg
| County of Apulia=Blason sicile famille Hauteville.svg
| Cilicia=Armoiries Héthoumides.svg
| Czechoslovak Socialist Republic=Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1961-1989).svg
| Duchy of Apulia=Blason sicile famille Hauteville.svg
| Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg=Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg
| Duchy of Carinthia = Kaernten shield CoA.svg
| Duchy of Carniola = Carniola Arms.svg
| Duchy of Normandy=Blason duche fr Normandie.svg
| Duchy of Prussia=POL Prusy książęce COA.svg
| Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg = COA family de Sachsen-Lauenburg.svg
| Duchy of Styria = Wappen Gemeinde Steyr.svg
| Dutch Republic=Arms of the united provinces.svg
| East Germany=Coat of arms of East Germany.svg
| Electorate of Bavaria=Bayern-1.PNG
| Electorate of Cologne=COA_Kurkoeln.svg
| Electorate of Saxony=Blason Jean-Georges IV de Saxe.svg
| Electoral Palatinate=Arms of the Palatinate (Bavaria-Palatinate).svg
| Burgundian Netherlands=Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg
| Duchy of Brabant=Royal Arms of Belgium.svg
| France Ancient=Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg
| France Modern=Arms of France (France Moderne).svg
| First French Empire=Arms of the French Empire.svg
| Second French Empire=Arms of the French Empire.svg
| French Empire=Arms of the French Empire.svg
| Austrian Netherlands=Coat of arms of the Austrian Netherlands.svg
| French First Republic=Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg
| Free City of Lübeck=Wappen Lübeck (Alt).svg
| German Empire=Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichsadler 1889.svg
| Holy Roman Empire=Generic Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1433).svg
| Hungarian People's Republic=Coat of arms of Hungary (1957-1990).svg
| Kingdom of Bohemia=Blason Boheme.svg
| Kingdom of Cilicia=Armoiries Héthoumides.svg
| Kingdom of England = Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg
| Wales =Arms of Wales.svg
| Kingdom of France=Insigne modernum Francum.svg
| Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia=Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg
| Kingdom of Greece=Coat of arms of Greece (1924–1935).svg
| Kingdom of Hanover = Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover.svg
| Kingdom of Hungary=EU Member States' CoA Series- Hungary.svg
| Kingdom of Italy=Blason duche fr Savoie.svg
| Kingdom of Scotland=Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg
| Kingdom of Spain=Lesser Royal Arms of the Spanish Monarch (c.1504-1700).svg
| Kingdom of Serbia=Royal Coat of arms of Serbia (1882–1918).svg
| Kingdom of Württemberg = Blason Royaume de Wurtemberg.svg
| Margraviate of Meissen = Wappen Landkreis Meissen.svg
| Moldavia=Coat of arms of Moldavia.svg
| Nassau=Wapen Nassauw.svg
| Nazi Germany=Reichsadler der Deutsches Reich (1933–1945).svg
| Papal States = CoA Pontifical States 02.svg
| People's Republic of Bulgaria=Coat of arms of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg
| Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth=COA polish king Jagellon.svg
| Polish People's Republic = Coat of arms of Poland (1955-1980).svg
| Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel=Wappen Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.svg
| Principality of Cilicia=Armoiries Héthoumides.svg 
| Prussia=Wappen Preußen.png
| Revolutionary Serbia=FLAG_Topola.gif
| Royal Prussia = COA_of_Prussia_(1466-1772)_Lob.svg
| Russian Empire=Gerb rossii2.svg
| Savoy=Blason duche fr Savoie.svg
| Saxe-Lauenburg = COA family de Sachsen-Lauenburg.svg
| Second Bulgarian Empire=Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg
| Silesia=Wappen Schlesiens.png
| Socialist Republic of Romania=Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Romania.svg
| South Baden=Coat of arms of Baden.svg
| Soviet Union=State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
| Swabia=Arms of Swabia.svg
| Tzar Samuil=Tzar Samuil of Bulgaria coat of arms.jpg
| United Kingdom (1801-1816)=Royal Arms of United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
| USSR=State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
| Wallachia=Stema TR.png
| West Germany=Coat of arms of Germany.svg
| Württemberg-Hohenzollern=Wappen Wuerttemberg-Hohenzollern.svg
| Württemberg-Baden=Wappen Wuerttemberg-Baden.svg
| Yugoslavia=Lesser Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.png

&lt;!---
3. CITIES:
---&gt;
| Aachen=Stadtwappen der kreisfreien Stadt Aachen.svg
| Ajaccio=Blason ville fr Ajaccio.svg
| Alfaz del Pi=Escudo de Alfàs del Pi (1965).svg
| Algiers=Blason-alger.gif
| Alicante=Arms of Alicante City.svg
| Almaty=Coat of arms of Almaty.svg
| Alsdorf=DEU Alsdorf COA.svg
| Amiens=Blason fr ville Amiens.svg
| Amsterdam=Insigne Amstelodamensis.svg
| ’s‑Hertogen­bosch=S-Hertogenbosch wapen.svg
| 's‑Hertogen­bosch=S-Hertogenbosch wapen.svg
| ’s‑Hertogen­bosch=S-Hertogenbosch wapen.svg
| Den Bosch=S-Hertogenbosch_wapen.svg
| Eindhoven=Eindhoven_wapen.svg
| Middelburg=Coat_of_arms_of_Middelburg.svg
| Terneuzen=Coat_of_arms_of_Terneuzen.svg
| Emmen (Drenthe)=Coat_of_arms_of_Emmen.svg
| Assen=Assen_wapen.svg
| Anderlecht=Anderlecht.jpg
| Angers=Blason d'Angers.svg
| Ankara=Insigne Ancyrae.png
| Ansbach=Wappen_von_Ansbach.svg
| Antwerp=AntwerpenSchild.gif
| Apeldoorn=Wapenapeldoorn.JPG
| Aračinovo=Coat of arms of Aračinovo Municipality.svg
| Arequipa=Arms of Arequipa.svg
| Arkhangelsk=Coat of Arms of Arkhangelsk.svg
| Asmara=Arms of Asmara.svg
| Asunción=Escudo de Asunción (Paraguay).svg
| Athens=Insigne Athenarum.svg
| Auderghem=Auderghem.jpg
| Augsburg=Augsburg wappen.svg
| Avignon=Blason ville fr Avignon (Vaucluse).svg
| Baesweiler=DEU Baesweiler COA.svg
| Baku=WP baku siegel.png
| Banská Bystrica=Coat of Arms of Banská Bystrica.svg
| Barcelona=Arms of Barcelona.svg
| Bari=Bari-Stemma.png

| Basel=Wappen Basel-Stadt matt.svg

| Linz=Wappen_Linz.svg
| Sankt Pölten=AUT_Sankt_Poelten_COA.svg
| Eisenstadt=Wappen_der_Stadt_Eisenstadt.svg
| Klagenfurt=AUT_Klagenfurt_COA.svg
| Salzburg=AUT_Salzburg_(Stadt)_COA.svg
| Graz=AUT_Graz_COA.svg
| Dispruch=AUT_Innsbruck_COA.svg
| Bregenz=AUT_Bregenz_COA.svg
| Bassano del Grappa=Coat of arms of Bassano del Grappa.svg
| Bassum=DEU Bassum COA.svg
| Beirut=Arms of Beirut.svg
| Belgrade=Insigne Belogradi.svg
| Benidorm=Escut de Benidorm.svg
| Berchem-Sainte-Agathe=Blason Berchem-Sainte-Agathe.svg
| Bergen=Bergen komm.png
| Bergisch Gladbach=DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg
| Berlin=Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg
| Bern=Wappen Bern matt.svg
| Berovo=Coat of arms of Berovo Municipality.svg
| Besançon=Blason ville fr Besançon (Doubs).svg
| Bielefeld=DEU Bielefeld COA.svg
| Bilbao=Arms of Bilbao.svg
| Birmingham=Arms of Birmingham.svg
| Bochum=Stadtwappen der kreisfreien Stadt Bochum.svg
| Bogotá=Bogota (escudo).svg
| Bonn=Wappen-stadt-bonn.svg
| Bordeaux=Arms of the city of Bordeaux (Gironde).svg
| Bottrop=DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg
| Bradford=Coat of arms of Bradford City Council.png
| Brasília=Brasão do Distrito Federal (Brasil).svg
| Bratislava=Coat of Arms of Bratislava.svg
| Braunschweig=DEU Braunschweig COA.svg
| Breda=Breda Wappen klein.PNG
| Bremen (state)=Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg
| Bremen=Bremen Wappen.svg
| Bremerhaven=Wappen Bremerhaven.svg
| Bristol=Bristol arms cropped.jpg
| Brno=Brno (znak).svg
| Brussels=Coat of Arms of Brussels.svg
| Bucharest=Arms of Bucharest.svg
| Bucharest=Insigne Bucarestae.svg
| Budapest=Insigne Budapestini.svg
| Buenos Aires=Escudo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.png
| Burgas=Coat of arms of Burgas.svg
| Bydgoszcz=POL Bydgoszcz COA.svg
| Caen=Blason ville fr Caen (Calvados)2.svg
| Čair=Coat of arms of Čair Municipality.svg
| Cali=Escudo de Santiago de Cali.svg
| Cape Town=Capetown coa.jpg
| Caracas=Caracas escudo.svg
| Cardiff=Coat of Arms of Cardiff with transparent background.png
| Cesenatico=Cesenatico stemma.png
| Češinovo-Obleševo=Coat of arms of Češinovo-Obleševo Municipality.svg
| Châlons-en-Champagne=Blason Chalons-en-Champagne.svg
| Charleroi=Héraldique Ville BE Charleroi.svg
| Chemnitz=Coat of arms of Chemnitz.svg
| Chicago=Coat of arms of Chicago.svg
| City of Brussels=Coat of Arms of Brussels.svg
| City of London=Insigne Loninii.svg&lt;!-- This coat of arms is only for the [[City of London]], not [[London]] more generally. --&gt;
| Luxembourg City=
| Ciudad Juárez=Arms of Ciudad Juárez.svg
| Clermont-Ferrand=Blason ville fr ClermontFerrand (PuyDome).svg

| Cluj-Napoca=ROU CJ Cluj-Napoca CoA.png

| Köln=Wappen Koeln.svg
| Copenhagen=Coat of arms of Copenhagen.svg
| Córdoba=COA Córdoba, Spain.svg
| Cottbus=Wappen Cottbus.png
| County of Provence=Armoiries Provence.svg
| Coventry=Coat of arms of Coventry City Council.png
| Coyoacán=Escudo Villa de Coyoacan.svg
| Čučer Sandevo=Čučer Sandevo grb so boi.JPG
| Cusco=Arms of Cusco.svg
| Darmstadt=Kleines Stadtwappen Darmstadt.svg
| Delčevo=Coat of arms of Delčevo Municipality.svg
| Deuil-la-Barre=Blason ville fr Deuil-la-Barre(Val-d'Oise).svg
| Dijon=Blason Dijon-(LdH).svg
| Dojran=Coat of arms of Dojran Municipality.svg
| Dolneni=Coat of arms of Dolneni Municipality.svg
| Dortmund=Coat of arms of Dortmund.svg
| Drammen=Drammen komm.svg
| Dresden=Dresden Stadtwappen.svg
| Dublin=Insigne Eblanae.svg
| Duisburg=Stadtwappen der Stadt Duisburg.svg
| Düsseldorf=Wappen der Landeshauptstadt Duesseldorf.svg
| East Berlin=Coat of arms of Berlin (1935).svg
| Edinburgh=Arms of Edinburgh.png
| Erfurt=Wappen Erfurt.svg
| Erlangen=Erlangen.jpg
| Esch-sur-Alzette=Coat of arms esch alzette luxbrg.png
| Eschweiler=DEU Eschweiler COA.svg
| Essen=DEU Essen COA.svg
| Etterbeek=Coat of arms of Etterbeek.svg
| Evere=Evere-Blason-1828.png
| Fellbach=Wappen Fellbach.svg
| Florence=FlorenceCoA.svg
| Forest=Armoiries Forest.png
| Frankfurt=Insigne Francofurti.svg
| Frankfurt sul Main=Insigne Francofurti.svg
| Freiburg im Breisgau=Wappen Freiburg im Breisgau.svg
| Fresnay-sur-Sarthe=Blason Fresnay sur Sarthe.svg
| Fürth=Wappen Fürth.svg
| Ganshoren=Ganshorenwapen.gif
| Gdańsk=Gdansk COA.svg
| Gdynia=POL Gdynia COA.svg
| Gelsenkirchen=DEU Gelsenkirchen COA.svg
| Geneva=Wappen Genf matt.svg
| Genoa=Insigne Mediolani.svg
| Ghent=Blason ville be Gand (Flandre-Orientale).svg
| Glasgow=Glasgow Coat of Arms.png
| Gostivar=Coat of arms of Gostivar Municipality.svg
| Gothenburg=Göteborg vapen.svg
| Göttingen=Stadtwappen Goettingen.PNG
| Grodno=Coat of arms of Hrodna.svg
| Groningen=Escudo de Groniga 1581.svg
| Guadalajara=Arms of Guadalajara.svg
| Guatemala City=Escudo de Armas Ciudad de Guatemala.jpg
| Hagen=Stadtwappen der Stadt Hagen.svg
| Halle (Saale)=Coat of arms of Halle (Saale).svg
| Hamburg=Coat of arms of Hamburg.svg
| Hamm=Wappen Hamm.svg
| Hannover=Coat of arms of Hannover.svg
| Havana=Arms of the City of Havana Cuba.png
| Heidelberg=Wappen Heidelberg.svg
| Heilbronn=Wappen Heilbronn.svg
| Helsinki=Helsinki.vaakuna.svg
| Heraklion=Seal of Heraklion.svg
| Herceg Novi=Grb HN.svg
| Herne, Germany=Herne Coat of Arms.svg
| Herzogenrath=DEU Herzogenrath COA.svg
| Hildesheim=Wappen Hildesheim.svg
| Hole=Hole komm.svg
| Ilinden=Coat of arms of Ilinden Municipality, Macedonia.svg
| Ingolstadt=Wappen Ingolstadt alt.svg
| Ivano-Frankivsk=Ivano-Frankivsk coa.gif
| Ixelles=Coat of arms of Ixelles.svg
| Jakarta=Coat of arms of Jakarta.svg
| Jena=Wappen Jena.png
| Jette=Armoiries Jette.png
| Kaliningrad=Kgd gerb.png
| Kallithea= Emblem of Kallithea.svg
| Karlsruhe=Coat of arms de-bw Karlsruhe.svg
| Karposh=Coat of arms of Karpoš Municipality.svg
| Kassel=Coat of arms of Kassel.svg
| Katowice=Katowice Herb.svg
| Kaunas=KNS Coa.svg
| Kasan=Coat of Arms of Kazan (Tatarstan) (2004).png
| Kemi=Kemi.vaakuna.svg
| Kiel=Wappen Kiel.svg
| Kiev=COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg
| Kisela Voda=Coat of arms of Kisela Voda Municipality (2015).svg
| Koblenz=Wappen Koblenz.svg
| Kočani=Coat of arms of Kočani Municipality.svg
| Koekelberg=Coat of arms of Koekelberg (escutcheon).svg
| Kostroma=Coat of Arms of Kostroma.svg
| Košice=Coat of Arms of Košice.svg
| Kotka=Kotka.vaakuna.svg
| Kraków=PB Kraków CoA.png
| Kratovo=Coat of arms of Kratovo Municipality.svg
| Krefeld=DEU Krefeld COA.svg
| Kriva Palanka=Coat of arms of Kriva Palanka Municipality.svg
| Kryvyi Rih=Ua Kr Rig g.gif
| Kumanovo=Coat of arms of Kumanovo Municipality.svg
| La Paz=Coat of arms of La Paz.png
| Las Palmas=Arms of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.svg
| Leeds=Leeds Bridge arms MF.jpg
| Leicester=Leicester CoA.png
| Leipzig=Coat of arms of Leipzig.svg
| Leverkusen=DEU Leverkusen COA.svg
| Liège=Blason liege.svg
| Lille=Blason ville fr Lille (Nord).svg
| Lima=Coat of arms of Lima.svg
| Limoges=Heraldique blason ville fr Limoges.svg
| Lipkovo=Coat of arms of Lipkovo Municipality.jpg
| Lisbon=Insigne Olipsionis.svg
| Lisboa=Insigne Olipsionis.svg
| Liverpool=Coat of arms of Liverpool City Council.png
| Ljubljana=Insigne Aemonae.svg
| Łódź=POL Łódź COA.svg
| London=Insigne Loninii.svg
| Los Angeles=Arms of Seal of Los Angeles, California.svg
|Sacramento=Seal of Sacramento, California.png
| Lübeck=Wappen Lübeck (Alt).svg
| Lublin=POL Lublin COA 1.svg
| Lubumbashi=Lubumbashi coat of arms.svg
| Ludwigshafen am Rhein=DEU Ludwigshafen COA.svg
| Luleå=Luleå vapen.svg
| Luxembourg (city)=
| Lyon=Blason Ville fr Lyon.svg
| Maastricht=Blason ville nl Maastricht(Limburg).svg
| Madrid=Arms of Madrid City.svg
| Magdeburg=Wappen Magdeburg.svg
| Mainz=Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg
| Makedonska Kamenica=Coat of arms of Makedonska Kamenica Municipality.svg
| Makedonski Brod=Coat of arms of Makedonski Brod Municipality (2012).svg 
| Málaga=Escudo de Málaga.svg
| Malmö=Malmö vapen.svg
| Managua=Arms of Managua.svg
| Manchester=Coat of arms of Manchester City Council.png
| Manila=Arms of the Seal of Manila, Philippines.svg
| Mannheim=Wappen Mannheim.svg
| Marseille=Blason Marseille.svg
| Mazarrón=Escudo de Mazarrón.svg
| Metz=Blason Metz 57.svg
| Mexico City=Coat of arms of Mexican Federal District.svg
| Milan=Milano-Stemma 2.svg
| Minsk=Coat of arms of Minsk.svg
| Mirandela=MDL1.png
| Moers=DEU Moers COA.svg
| Molenbeek-Saint-Jean=Saint-Jean-de-Molenbeek.jpg
| Mönchengladbach=DEU_Moenchengladbach_COA.svg
| Mönchengladbach=Stadtwappen der kreisfreien Stadt Mönchengladbach.svg
| Mondorf-les-Bains=Coat of arms mondorf les bains luxbrg.png
| Monschau=DEU Monschau COA.svg
| Montevideo=Arms of Montevideo.svg
| Montpellier=Blason ville fr Montpellier.svg
| Montreal=Blason ville ca Montreal (Quebec).svg
| Moscau=Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg
| Mülheim an der Ruhr=DEU Muelheim an der Ruhr COA.svg
| Minca=Muenchen Kleines Stadtwappen.svg
| Münster=Wappen Münster Westfalen.svg
| Murmansk=RUS Murmansk COA.svg
| Nancy, France=Blason Nancy 54.svg
| Nantes=Blason Nantes.svg
| Naples=CoA Città di Napoli 2.svg
| Naumburg (Saale)=Stadtwappen Naumburg (Saale).svg
| Neuss=DEU_Herne_COA.svg
| Herne=DEU Neuss COA.svg
| New York City=Arms of New York City.svg
| New York=Arms of New York City.svg
| Nice=Nice Arms.svg
| Nicosia =Coat of Arms of Nicosia.svg
| Nicosia, Sicily=Arms of Nicosia, Sicily.svg
| Nitra=Coat of Arms of Nitra.svg
| Nijni Novgorod=Coat of arms Nizhny Novgorod.png
| Norberg Municipality=Norberg vapen.svg
| Novosibirsk=Coat of Arms of Novosibirsk.svg
| Nürnberg=DEU Nürnberg COA (klein).svg
| Nuuk=Nuuk Coat of Arms.gif
| Oberhausen=DEU Oberhausen COA.svg
| Oberwart=Coat of arms of Oberwart.svg
| Odessa=Arms of Odessa.svg
| Offenbach am Main=Wappen Offenbach am Main.svg
| Oldenburg=Wappen oldenburg.png
| Omsk=Omsk coat of arms 2014.png
| Orléans=Blason Orléans.svg
| Oslo=Insigne Anslogae.svg
| Osnabrück=Osnabrück Wappen.svg
| Ostrava=Ostrava CoA CZ.svg
| Paderborn=DEU_Paderborn_COA.svg
| Padua=Insigne Mediolani.svg
| Palaio Faliro=Palaio Faliro Emblem.svg
| Palermo=Palermo-Stemma da Il blasone in Sicilia (Tav 82).png
| Palma de Mallorca=Blasó de Mallorca.png
| Panama City=Arms of Panama City.svg
| Paris=Insigne Lutetiae.svg
| Parma=Coat of arms of Parma.svg
| Pas-de-Calais=Pas de Calais Arms.svg
| Patras= Emblem of Patra.svg
| Pehčevo=Coat of arms of Pehčevo Municipality.svg
| Pforzheim=Wappen Pforzheim.svg
| Piraeus= Seal of Peiraeus.svg
| Pisa=Shield of the Republic of Pisa.svg
| Pleven=Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg
| Plovdiv=Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg
| Plzeň=Plzen small CoA.png
| Podgorica=Insigne Birziminii.svg
| Poitiers=Blason ville fr Poitiers (Vienne).svg
| Porto=PRT.png
| Potsdam=Coat of arms of Potsdam.svg
| Potsdam=Coat of arms of Potsdam.svg
| Poznań=Poznan-herb-old.gif
| Prague=Insigne Pragae.svg
| Prešov=Coat of Arms of Prešov.svg
| Prilep=Coat of arms of Prilep Municipality.svg
| Probištip|Coat of arms of Probištip Municipality.svg
| Quetzaltenango=Coat of arms of Quetzaltenango.svg
| Quito=Escudo de Quito.svg
| Rabat=Arms of Rabat.png
| Rankovce=Coat of arms of Rankovce Municipality.svg
| Recklinghausen=DEU Recklinghausen COA.svg
| Regensburg=Wappen Regensburg.svg
| Reims=Blason Reims 51.svg
| Remich=Remich coat of arms.png
| Remscheid=DEU Remscheid COA.svg
| Rennes=Blason Rennes.svg
| Reutlingen=Wappen Stadt Reutlingen.svg
| Reykjavík=Reykjavik Coat of Arms.svg
&lt;!-- removed 16 July 2014  | Rijeka= Coat of Arms of Rijeka.png --&gt;
| Riga=Insigne Rigae.svg
| Rio de Janeiro=Arms of Rio de Janeiro.svg
| Roetgen=DEU Roetgen COA.svg
| Roma=Insigne Romanum.svg
|Bulsan=ITA Bolzano COA.svg
|Balsan=ITA Bolzano COA.svg
| Rosh HaAyin=Coat of arms of Rosh HaAyin.png
| Rosoman=Coat of arms of Rosoman Municipality.svg
| Rostock=Rostock Wappen.svg
| Rotterdam =Rotterdam wapen klein.svg
| Rouen=Blason Rouen 76.svg
| Saarbrücken=DEU Saarbruecken COA.svg
| San Petersburg=Coat of Arms of St Petersburg (1780).png
| Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray=Blason Saint-étienne-du-Rouvray.svg
| Saint-Gilles=Coat of arms of Saint-Gilles.svg
| Saint-Josse-ten-Noode=Coat of arm Municipality be Saint-Josse-ten-Noode.svg
| Saint-Quentin-Fallavier=Blason ville fr Saint-Quentin-Fallavier 38.svg
| Salzgitter=Coat of arms of Salzgitter.svg
| Samara=Coat of Arms of Samara (Samara oblast).png
| San José=Blason Ville cr San-Jose.svg
| San Juan=Arms of San Juan.svg
| San Miguel, El Salvador=Escudo de la ciudad de San miguel.gif
| Santiago=Arms of Santiago.svg
| Santo Domingo=Arms of Santo Domingo.svg
| São Paulo=Arms of São Paulo.svg
| Saraj=Coat of arms of Saraj Municipality.svg
| Sarajevo=Coat of arms of Sarajevo.svg
| Schaerbeek=Blason Schaerbeek.svg
| Schwerin=Wappen Schwerin.svg
| Sevastopol=Sevastopol-COA.png
| Seville=Arms of Seville.svg
| Sheffield=Coat of arms of Sheffield City Council.png
| Siegen=Wappen Siegen.svg
| Siena=Stemma Repubblica di Siena.svg
| Simmerath=DEU Simmerath COA.svg
| Sint-Jans-Molenbeek=Blason Molenbeek Saint Jean.svg
| Skopje=Insigne Scopiae.svg
| Sofia=Insigne Serdicae.svg
| Solingen=Solingen wappen.svg
| Staro Nagoričane=Coat of arms of Staro Nagoričane.svg
| Štip=Coat of arms of Štip Municipality.svg
| Stockholm=Insigne Holmiae.svg
| Stolberg (Rhineland)=DEU Stolberg (Rhld) COA.svg
| Stralsund=DEU Stralsund COA.svg
| Strasbourg=Insigne Argentorati.svg
| Strumica=Coat of arms of Strumica Municipality.svg
| Stuttgart=Coat of arms of Stuttgart.svg
| Šuto Orizari=Coat of arms of Šuto Orizari Municipality.svg
| Sydney=Arms of Sydney.svg
| Syracuse=Coat of arms of Syracuse.svg
| Szczecin=POL Szczecin COA.svg
| Szeged=Szeged COA.png
| Tallinn=Coat of arms of Tallinn.svg
| Tangerang=Lambang Kota Tangerang.png
| Tegucigalpa=Arms of Tegucigalpa.svg
| Tel Aviv=Arms of Tel Aviv.svg
| Telšiai=Telsiai COA.gif
| Den Haag=Blason Ville La Haye.svg
|Lelystad=Lelystad wapen.svg
|Almere=Almere wapen.svg
|Haarlem=Haarlem wapen.svg
|Leeuwarden=Leeuwarden wapen 2014.svg
|Zwolle=Zwolle wapen HRvA.svg
|Arnhem=Coat of arms of Arnhem.svg
|Nijmegen=Coat of arms of Nijmegen.svg
| Thessaloniki=
| Thessaloniki= Thessaloniki seal.svg
| Tilburg=Coat of arms of Tilburg.png
| Timișoara=ROU TM Timisoara CoA1.png
| Tirana=Insigne Tyranae.svg
| Toledo=Escudo de Toledo.svg
| Toronto=Arms of Toronto.svg
| Tórshavn=Coat of arms of Tórshavn.svg
| Toulouse=Blason ville fr Toulouse (Haute-Garonne).svg
| Tours=Blason tours 37.svg
| Trelleborg=Trelleborg vapen.svg
| Trenčín=Coat of Arms of Trenčín.svg
| Trier=Coat_of_arms_of_Trier.svg
| Trieste=Free Territory of Trieste coat of arms.svg
| Trnava=Coat of Arms of Trnava.svg
| Trollhättan=Trollhättan vapen.svg
| Turin=Insigne Augustae Taurinorum.svg
| Uccle=Uccle Blason.png
| Ulm=Coat of arms of Ulm.svg
| Vaduz=Vaduz.png
| Valence=Blason ville fr Valence (Drome).png
| Valencia=Arms of the Pyrénées-Orientales.svg
| Valenciennes=Blason valenciennes.svg
| Valladolid=Coat of Arms of Valladolid.svg
| Valletta=Insigne Valettae.svg
| Vantaa=Vantaa.vaakuna.svg
| Varna=Gerb varna.jpg
| Veles=Coat of arms of Veles Municipality.svg
| Veliko Tarnovo=Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg
| Venice=StemmaVene.PNG
| Viena=Insigne Vindobonae.svg
| Vigo=Arms of Vigo.svg
| Vilnius=Coat of arms of Vilnius Gold.png
| Vinica=Coat of arms of Vinica Municipality.png
| Volgograd=Coat of Arms of Volgograd.png
| Wakefield=Coat of arms of Wakefield City Council.png
| Warsaw=Insigne Varsoviae.svg
| Washington, D.C.=COA George Washington.svg
| Watermael-Boitsfort=Watermaalbosvoordewapen.gif
| Wiesbaden=Wappen_Wiesbaden.svg
| Windhoek=Wappen Windhuk - Namibia.jpg
| Winnipeg=Blason ville ca Winnipeg (Manitoba).svg
| Wirral=Coat of arms of Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council.png
| Wolfsburg=Wappen Wolfsburg.svg
| Woluwe-Saint-Lambert=Coat of arms of Woluwe-Saint-Pierre.svg
| Woluwe-Saint-Pierre=Greater Coat of arms Woluwe-Saint-Pierre.svg
| Wrocław=Herb wroclaw.svg
| Wuppertal=DEU Wuppertal COA.svg
| Würselen=DEU Würselen COA.svg
| Würzburg=Wappen von Wuerzburg.svg
| Iekaterinburg=Coat of Arms of Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk oblast).svg
| Yerevan=Yerevan seal.png
| Zagreb=Insigne Zagrabiae.svg
| Zaragoza=Escudo municipal de Zaragoza.svg
| Zevenaar=Arms of Zevenaar.svg
| Zrnovci=Coat of arms of Zrnovci Municipality.jpg
| Žilina=Coat of Arms of Žilina.svg
| Celiabinsk=CoA_of_Chelyabinsk_(2000).svg
| Rostov sul Don=Coat_of_Arms_of_Rostov-on-Don.svg
| Ufa=Coat_of_arms_of_Ufa.svg
| Krasnoiarsk=Coat_of_Arms_of_Krasnoyarsk_(Krasnoyarsk_krai).svg
| Voronej=Coat_of_arms_of_Voronezh.png
| Krasnodar=Coat_of_Arms_of_Krasnodar_(Krasnodar_krai).png
| Toulon=Armoiries_ville_fr_Toulon_(83).svg
| Saint-Étienne=Coats_of_Arms_of_Saint-Etienne.svg
| Le Havre=Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_(Seine-Maritime).svg
| Grenoble=Coats_of_Arms_of_Grenoble.svg
| Villeurbanne=Blason_ville_fr_Villeurbanne_(Rhône).svg
| Nîmes=Blason_ville_fr_Nîmes_(Gard).svg
&lt;!-- | Cluj-Napoca=ROU CJ Cluj-Napoca CoA.png  Deleted from commons 2 June 2015 --&gt;
&lt;!-- Deleted file: | Macclesfield=Arms of Macclesfield.svg --&gt;
&lt;!-- Deleted file: | San Salvador=Escudo San Salvador.jpg --&gt;
&lt;!-- Non-existing file: | Arlington County, Virginia=ArlingtonCountySeal.png --&gt;
&lt;!-- Non-free file: | Gaza=Gaza coat.png --&gt;
&lt;!-- Non-free file: | Kinshasa=Kinshasa arms.jpg --&gt;


&lt;!---
4. SUB-NATIONAL REGIONS
---&gt;

&lt;!---
4.alb ALBANIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.alb.1 ALBANIAN COUNTIES [QARQE]:
---&gt;
| Shkodër County=Stema e Qarkut Shkodër.svg

&lt;!---
4.aut AUSTRIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.aut.1 AUSTRIAN STATES [LÄNDER]:
---&gt;
| Burgenland=Burgenland Wappen.svg
| Carinthia=Kaernten CoA.svg
| Lower Austria=Niederösterreich CoA.svg
| Salzburg=Salzburg Wappen.svg
| Styria=Steiermark Wappen.svg
| Tyrol=AUT Tirol COA.svg
| Upper Austria=Oberoesterreich Wappen.svg
| Vienna=Wien 3 Wappen.svg
| Vorarlberg=Voraralberg Wappen.svg

&lt;!---
4.bel BELGIUM
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.bel.1 BELGIAN REGIONS:
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.bel.2 BELGIAN PROVINCES:
---&gt;
| Antwerp (province)=Coat of arms of Antwerp.svg
| East Flanders=Wapen van Oost-Vlaanderen.svg
| Flemish Brabant=Coat of arms of Flemish Brabant.svg
| Hainaut (province)=Hainaut Modern Arms.svg
| Liège (province)=Armoiries Principauté de Liège.svg
| Limburg (Belgium)=Blason Limburg province Belgique.svg
| Luxembourg (Belgium)=Armoiries Luxembourg province.svg
| Namur (province)=Blason namur prov.svg
| Walloon Brabant=Coat of arms of Walloon Brabant.svg
| West Flanders=Klein wapen van West-Vlaanderen.svg


&lt;!---
4.chi CHILE
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.chi.1 CHILEAN REGIONS AND AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES:
---&gt;
| Easter Island=Emblem of Easter Island.svg

&lt;!---
4.cze CZECH REPUBLIC
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.cze.1 CZECH REGIONS [KRAJE]:
---&gt;
| Central Bohemian Region=Central Bohemian Region CoA CZ.svg
| South Bohemian Region=South Bohemian Region CoA CZ.svg
| Plzeň Region=Plzen Region CoA CZ.svg
| Karlovy Vary Region=Karlovy Vary Region CoA CZ.svg
| Ústí nad Labem Region=Usti nad Labem Region CoA CZ.svg
| Liberec Region=Liberec Region CoA CZ.svg
| Hradec Králové Region=Hradec Kralove Region CoA CZ.svg
| Pardubice Region=Pardubice Region CoA CZ.svg
| Olomouc Region=Olomouc Region CoA CZ.svg
| Moravian-Silesian Region=Moravian-Silesian Region CoA CZ.svg
| South Moravian Region=South Moravian Region CoA CZ.svg
| Zlín Region=Zlin Region CoA CZ.svg
| Vysočina Region=Vysocina Region CoA CZ.svg
&lt;!---
IRELAND
---&gt;
|Connacht=Coat of arms of Connacht.svg
|Leinster=Coat of arms of Leinster.svg
|Munster=Coat of arms of Munster.svg
|Ulster=Coat of arms of Ulster.svg
&lt;!---
4.esp SPAIN
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.esp.1 SPANISH AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES and CITIES [COMUNIDADES y CIUDADES AUTÓNOMAS]:
---&gt;
| Andalusia=Escudo heráldico de Andalucía.svg
| Aragon=Shield of Aragon.svg
| Asturias=Arms of Asturias.svg
| Balearic Islands=Balearic Islands Arms.svg
| Basque Country=Arms of the Basque Country.svg
| Canary Islands=Arms of the Canary Islands.svg
| Cantabria=Arms of Cantabria.svg
| Castile–La Mancha=Arms of Castile-La Mancha.svg
| Castile and León=Arms of Castile and Leon.svg
| Catalonia=Arms of the Former Crown of Aragon-Coat of Arms of Spain Template.svg
| Extremadura=Arms of Extremadura.svg
| Galicia=Arms of Galicia (Spain).svg
| La Rioja=Arms of La Rioja (Spain).svg
| Community of Madrid=Arms of the Community of Madrid.svg
| Murcia=Arms of the Spanish Region of Murcia.svg
| Navarre=Arms of Navarre-Coat of Arms of Spain Template.svg
| Valencian Community=Arms of the Former Crown of Aragon-Coat of Arms of Spain Template.svg
| Ceuta=Arms of Ceuta.svg
| Melilla=Arms of Melilla.svg

&lt;!---
4.est ESTONIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.est.1 ESTONIAN COUNTIES [MAAKONNAD]:
---&gt;
| County of Võrumaa=Võrumaa vapp.svg
| Võru County=Võrumaa vapp.svg
| Harju County=Et-Harju maakond-coa.svg
&lt;!---
4.est.2 ESTONIAN PARISHES [VALD]:
---&gt;
| Võru Parish = Võru valla vapp.svg
| Voru Parish = Võru valla vapp.svg

&lt;!---
4.fin FINLAND
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.fin.1 FINNISH REGIONS [MAAKUNTA]:
---&gt;
| Lapland (Finland)=Lapin maakunnan vaakuna.svg 
| Northern Ostrobothnia=Pohjois-Pohjanmaan vaakuna.svg
| Kainuu=Kainuu.vaakuna.svg
| North Karelia=Pohjois-Karjala.vaakuna.svg
| Northern Savonia=Pohjois-Savo.vaakuna.svg
| Southern Savonia=Etelä-Savo.vaakuna.svg
| Southern Ostrobothnia=Etelä-Pohjanmaan maakunnan vaakuna.svg
| Ostrobothnia (region)=Pohjanmaan maakunnan vaakuna.svg
| Pirkanmaa=Pirkanmaa.vaakuna.svg
| Satakunta=Satakunta.vaakuna.svg
| Central Ostrobothnia=Keski-Pohjanmaa.vaakuna.svg
| Central Finland=Keski-Suomi Coat of Arms.svg
| Southwest Finland=Varsinais-Suomen.vaakuna.svg
| Finland Proper=Varsinais-Suomen.vaakuna.svg
| South Karelia=Etelä-Karjala.vaakuna.svg
| Päijänne Tavastia=Päijät-Häme.vaakuna.svg
| Tavastia Proper=Kanta-Häme.vaakuna.svg
| Uusimaa=Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg
| Kymenlaakso=Kymenlaakson maakunnan vaakuna.svg
| Åland=Coat of arms of Åland.svg

&lt;!---
4.fra FRANCE
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.fra.1 FRENCH REGIONS [RÉGIONS]:
---&gt;
| Brittany=COA fr BRE.svg
| Centre=Blason_Centre.svg
| Centre (French region)=Blason_Centre.svg
| Corsica=Coat_of_Arms_of_Corsica.svg
| Île-de-France=France moderne.svg
| Île-de-France (region)=France moderne.svg
| Pays de la Loire=Blason région fr Pays-de-la-Loire.svg
| Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur=Blason région fr Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.svg

&lt;!---
4.ger GERMANY
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ger.1 GERMAN STATES [LÄNDER]:
---&gt;
| Lower Saxony=Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg
| Free Hanseatic City of Bremen=Bremen Wappen.svg
| Hamburg=Coat of arms of Hamburg.svg
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern=Coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (great).svg
| Saxony-Anhalt=Wappen Sachsen-Anhalt.svg
| Saxony=Coat of arms of Saxony.svg
| Brandenburg=Brandenburg Wappen.svg
| Thuringia=Coat of arms of Thuringia.svg
| Hesse=Coat of arms of Hesse.svg
| North Rhine-Westphalia=Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westfalia.svg
| Rhineland-Palatinate=Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg
| Bavaria=Arms of the Free State of Bavaria.svg
| Baden-Württemberg=Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg (lesser).svg
| Saarland=Wappen des Saarlands.svg
| Schleswig-Holstein=DEU Schleswig-Holstein COA.svg

&lt;!---
4.ina INDONESIA:
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ina.1 INDONESIAN PROVINCES [PROVINSI]:
---&gt;
| Aceh=Coat of arms of Aceh.svg
| North Sumatra=Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg
| West Sumatra=Coat of arms of West Sumatra.svg
| Riau=Coat of arms of Riau.svg
| Riau Islands=Coat of arms of Riau Islands.png
| Jambi=Coat of arms of Jambi.svg
| South Sumatra=Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg
| Bangka Belitung Islands=Coat of arms of Bangka Belitung Islands.svg
| Bengkulu=Coat of arms of Bengkulu.png
| Lampung=Coat of arms of Lampung.svg
| Banten=Coat of arms of Banten.png
| Jakarta=Coat of arms of Jakarta.svg
| West Java=Coat of arms of West Java.svg
| Central Java=Coat of arms of Central Java.svg
| Special Region of Yogyakarta=Coat of arms of Yogyakarta.svg
| East Java=Coat of arms of East Java.svg
| West Kalimantan=Coat of arms of West Kalimantan.svg
| Central Kalimantan=Coat of arms of Central Kalimantan.png
| South Kalimantan=Lambang Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.gif
| East Kalimantan=Coat of arms of East Kalimantan.svg
| North Kalimantan=Emblem of North Kalimantan.png
| Bali=Coat of arms of Bali.svg
| West Nusa Tenggara=Coat of arms of West Nusa Tenggara.svg
| East Nusa Tenggara=Coat of arms of East Nusa Tenggara.svg
| West Sulawesi=Coat of arms of West Sulawesi.png
| South Sulawesi=Coat of arms of South Sulawesi.svg
| Central Sulawesi=Coat of arms of Central Sulawesi.png
| Gorontalo=Coat of arms of Gorontalo.png
| Southeast Sulawesi=Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg
| North Sulawesi=Coat of arms of North Sulawesi.svg
| North Maluku=Coat of arms of North Maluku.png
| Maluku=Coat of arms of Maluku.svg
| West Papua=Coat of arms of West Papua.svg
| Papua=Coat of arms of Papua.svg

&lt;!---
4.ind INDIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ind INDIAN STATES and UNION TERRITORIES
---&gt;
| Tamil Nadu=TamilNadu Logo.svg
| Uttar Pradesh = Seal of Uttar Pradesh.png

&lt;!---
4.irl IRELAND
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.irl.1 IRISH COUNTIES
---&gt;
|County Offaly=Offaly crest.svg
&lt;!---
Irish Provinces
---&gt;
|Connacht=Coat of arms of Connacht.svg
|Leinster=Coat of arms of Leinster.svg
|Munsten=Coat of arms of Munster.svg
|Ulster=Coat of arms of Ulster.svg
&lt;!---
4.ita ITALY
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ita.1 ITALIAN REGIONS [REGIONI]:
---&gt;
| Abruzzo=Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg
| Aosta Valley=Valle d'Aosta-Stemma.svg
| Apulia=Coat of Arms of Apulia.svg
| Basilicata=Regione-Basilicata-Stemma.svg
| Calabria=Coat of arms of Calabria.svg
| Campania=Regione-Campania-Stemma.svg
| Emilia-Romagna=Regione-Emilia-Romagna-Stemma.svg
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia=Friuli-Venezia Giulia-coat-of-arms.png
| Lazio=Lazio Coat of Arms.svg
| Liguria=Coat of arms of Liguria.svg
| Lombardia=Insigne Langobardiae.svg
| Marche=Coat of arms of Marche.svg
| Molise=Regione-Molise-Stemma.svg
| Piemont=Arms of the Prince of Piedmont.svg
| Sardegna=Arms of Sardinia.svg
| Sicily=Coat of arms of Sicily.svg
| Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol=Coat of arms of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg
| Tuscany=Coat of arms of Tuscany.svg
| Umbria=Regione-Umbria-Stemma.svg
| Veneto=Coat of Arms of Veneto.png

&lt;!---
4.ita.2 ITALIAN PROVINCES [PROVINCE]:
---&gt;
| Bulsan=Suedtirol CoA.svg
| Reggio Calabria=Coat of Arms of the Province of Reggio-Calabria.svg
&lt;!-- Non-free file: | Bologna=Bologna-Stemma.png--&gt;
&lt;!-- Non-free file: | Brescia=Brescia-Stemma.png --&gt;
| Südtirol=Suedtirol CoA.svg
| Trentin=Trentino CoA.svg
| Trënt=Trentino CoA.svg

&lt;!---
4.lux LUXEMBOURG
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.lux.1 LUXEMBOURGISH CANTONS [KANTOUNEN]:
---&gt;
| Remich (canton)=Remich (canton) coat of arms.png

&lt;!---
4.mkd MACEDONIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.mkd.1 MACEDONIAN STATISTICAL REGIONS [STATISTICHKI REGIONI]:
---&gt;
| Polog Statistical Region=Logo of Polog Region.svg
| Pelagonia Statistical Region=Logo of Pelagonia Region.svg
| Skopje Statistical Region=Logo of Skopje Region.svg
| Southwestern Statistical Region=Logo of Southwestern Region, Macedonia.svg
| Northeastern Statistical Region=Logo of Northeastern Region, Macedonia.svg
| Vardar Statistical Region=Logo of Vardar Region.svg
| Eastern Statistical Region=Logo of Eastern Region, Macedonia.svg

&lt;!---
4.ned NETHERLANDS
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ned.1 DUTCH PROVINCES [PROVINCIES]:
---&gt;
| Drenthe=Drenthe wapen.svg
| Flevoland=Flevoland wapen.svg
| Friesland=Friesland wapen.svg
| Gelderland=Gelderland wapen.svg
| Groningen=Groningen coa.svg
| Limburg=Limburg-nl-wapen.svg
| North Brabant=Noord-Brabant wapen.svg
| North Holland=Wapen van Noord-Holland.svg
| Overijssel=Overijssel wapen.svg
| South Holland=Zuid-holland wapen.svg
| Utrecht=Utrecht provincie wapen.svg
| Zeeland=Zeeland wapen.svg

&lt;!---
4.nor NORWAY
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.nor.1 NORWEGIAN COUNTIES [FYLKER]:
---&gt;
| Agder=Agder våpen.svg
| Innlandet=Innlandet våpen.svg
| Møre og Romsdal=Møre og Romsdal våpen.svg
| Nordland=Nordland våpen.svg
| Rogaland=Rogaland våpen.svg
| Trøndelag=Trøndelag våpen.svg
| Vestland=Vestland våpen.svg
| Vestfold og Telemark=Vestfold og Telemark våpen.svg
| Viken=Viken våpen.svg
| Viken (county)=Viken våpen.svg
| Troms og Finnmark=Coat of arms of Finnmark county and Troms county.svg


&lt;!---
4.pol POLAND
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.pol.1 POLISH VOIVODESHIPS [WOJEWÓDZTWA]
---&gt;
| West Pomeranian Voivodeship=POL województwo zachodniopomorskie COA.svg
| Pomeranian Voivodeship=POL województwo pomorskie COA.svg
| Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship=Warminsko-mazurskie herb.svg
| Podlaskie Voivodeship=POL województwo podlaskie COA.svg
| Lubusz Voivodeship=POL województwo lubuskie COA.svg
| Greater Poland Voivodeship=POL województwo wielkopolskie COA.svg
| Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship=POL województwo kujawsko-pomorskie COA.svg
| Lower Silesian Voivodeship=POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg
| Opole Voivodeship=POL województwo opolskie COA.svg
| Silesian Voivodeship=POL_województwo_śląskie_COA.svg
| Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship=POL wojewodztwo świętokrzyskie COA.svg
| Łódź Voivodeship=POL województwo łódzkie COA.svg
| Masovian Voivodeship=POL województwo mazowieckie COA.svg
| Lublin Voivodeship=POL województwo lubelskie COA.svg
| Lesser Poland Voivodeship=POL województwo małopolskie COA.svg
| Subcarpathian Voivodeship=POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg

&lt;!---
4.rou ROMANIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.rou.1 ROMANIAN COUNTIES [JUDEȚE]:
---&gt;

| Cluj County=Actual Cluj county CoA.png

| Dolj County=Stema judetului Dolj.svg

&lt;!--
4.rsa SOUTH AFRICA
---&gt;
&lt;!--
4.rsa.1 SOUTH AFRICAN PROVINCES:
---&gt;
| Gauteng=Gauteng arms.svg
| Western Cape = Coat of arms of the Western Cape.png

&lt;!---
4.sui SWITZERLAND
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.sui.1 SWISS CANTONS:
---&gt;
| Canton of Bern=Wappen Bern matt.svg
| Canton of Basel-Stadt=Wappen Basel-Stadt matt.svg
| Basel-Stadt=Wappen Basel-Stadt matt.svg
| Canton of Geneva=Wappen Genf matt.svg
| Canton of Schaffhausen=Wappen Schaffhausen matt.svg
| Schaffhausen=Wappen Schaffhausen matt.svg
| Canton of Ticino=Wappen Tessin matt.svg
| Canton of Vaud=Wappen Waadt matt.svg

&lt;!---
4.svk SLOVAKIA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.svk.1 SLOVAK REGIONS [KRAJE]:
---&gt;
| Bratislava Region=Coat of Arms of Bratislava Region.svg
| Trnava Region=Coat of Arms of Trnava Region.svg
| Trenčín Region=Coat of Arms of Trenčín Region.svg
| Nitra Region=Coat of Arms of Nitra Region.svg
| Žilina Region=Coat of Arms of Žilina Region.svg
| Banská Bystrica Region=Coat of Arms of Banská Bystrica Region.svg
| Prešov Region=Coat of Arms of Prešov Region.svg
| Košice Region=Coat of Arms of Košice Region.svg

&lt;!---
4.swe SWEDEN
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.swe.1 SWEDISH COUNTIES [LÄN]:
---&gt;
| Blekinge County=Blekinge vapen.svg
| Dalarna County=Dalarna vapen.svg
| Gävleborg County=Gävleborg län vapen.svg
| Gotland County=Gotland vapen.svg
| Halland County=Halland vapen.svg
| Jämtland County=Jämtland län vapen.svg
| Jönköping County=Jönköping län vapen.svg
| Kalmar County=Kalmars läns vapen.svg
| Kronoberg County=Kronoberg vapen.svg
| Norrbotten County=Norrbotten län vapen.svg
| Örebro County=Örebro län vapen.svg
| Östergötland County=Östergötland vapen.svg
| Skåne County=Skåne länsvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png
| Södermanland County=Södermanlands vapen.svg
| Stockholm County=Stockholm län vapen b.svg
| Uppsala County=Uppland vapen.svg
| Värmland County=Värmland vapen.svg
| Västerbotten County=Västerbotten län vapen.svg
| Västernorrland County=Västernorrland län vapen.svg
| Västmanland County=Västmanland vapen.svg
| Västra Götaland County=Västra Götalands läns vapen.svg

&lt;!---
4.ukr UKRAINE
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.ukr.1 UKRAINIAN OBLASTS [OBLASTI]:
---&gt;
| Volyn Oblast=Volyn coat of arms.svg
| Rivne Oblast=Rivne Oblast coat of arms.svg
| Zhytomyr Oblast=Coat of Arms of Zhytomyr Oblast.png
| Kiev Oblast=Herb Kyivskoi oblasti 1.svg
| Khmelnytskyi Oblast=Coat of Arms of Khmelnytskyi Oblast.svg
| Ternopil Oblast=Coat of Arms of Ternopil Oblast.svg
| Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast=Coat of Arms of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.svg
| Zakarpattia Oblast=Karptska Ukraina-2 COA.svg
| Chernivtsi Oblast=Coat of Arms of Chernivtsi Oblast .svg
| Vinnytsia Oblast=Coat of Arms of Vinnytsa Oblast.svg
| Cherkasy Oblast=Coat of Arms of Cherkasy Oblast .svg
| Kirovohrad Oblast=Coat of Arms of Kirovohrad Oblast.svg
| Mykolaiv Oblast=Coat of Arms of Mykolaiv Oblast.svg
| Poltava Oblast=Coat of Arms of Poltava Oblast.svg
| Chernihiv Oblast=Coat of Arms of Chernihiv Oblast.svg
| Sumy Oblast=Coat_of_Arms_of_Sumy_Oblast.svg
| Kharkiv Oblast=Kharkiv-town-herb.svg
| Dnipropetrovsk Oblast=Herb Dnipropetrovskoyi oblasti.svg
| Odessa Oblast=Coat of Arms of Odesa Oblast .svg
| Kherson Oblast=Coat of Arms of Kherson Oblast .svg
| Zaporizhia Oblast=Coat of Arms of Zaporizhzhya Oblast.png
| Donetsk Oblast=Lesser CoA of the Donets Basin (Spanish Shield).svg
| Autonomous Republic of Crimea=Emblem of Crimea.svg
| Luhansk Oblast=Coat of Arms Luhansk Oblast.svg
| Lviv Oblast=Coat of Arms of Lviv Oblast.png

&lt;!---
4.usa UNITED STATES of AMERICA
---&gt;
&lt;!---
4.usa.1 UNITED STATES of AMERICA STATES:
---&gt;
| Hawaii = Insigne Havaii.svg


&lt;!---
5. HISTORICAL SUB-NATIONAL UNITS:
---&gt;
    &lt;!---
    5.fr FRENCH REPUBLIC:
    ---&gt;
    | Alsace=Blason région fr Alsace.svg
    | Aquitaine=Blason de l'Aquitaine et de la Guyenne.svg
    | Auvergne=Blason de l'Auvergne.svg
    | Auvergne (region)=Blason de l'Auvergne.svg
    | Basse-Normandie=Arms of William the Conqueror (1066-1087).svg
    | Lower Normandy=Arms of William the Conqueror (1066-1087).svg
    | Bourgogne=Blason fr Bourgogne.svg
    | Burgundy (French region)=Blason fr Bourgogne.svg
    | Champagne-Ardenne=Arms of the French Region of Champagne-Ardenne.svg
    | Franche-Comté=Blason fr Franche-Comté.svg
    | Haute-Normandie=Blason region fr Normandie.svg
    | Upper Normandy=Blason region fr Normandie.svg
    | Languedoc-Roussillon=Arms of the French Region of Languedoc-Roussillon.svg
    | Limousin=Blason région fr Limousin.svg
    | Limousin (region)=Blason région fr Limousin.svg
    | Lorraine=Blason Lorraine.svg
    | Lorraine (region)=Blason Lorraine.svg
    | Midi-Pyrénées=Blason_Languedoc.svg
    | Nord-Pas-de-Calais=Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg
    | Picardie=Blason_région_fr_Picardie.svg
    | Picardy=Blason_région_fr_Picardie.svg
    | Poitou-Charentes=Poitou-Charentes blason.svg
    | Rhône-Alpes=Blason Rhône-Alpes Gendarmerie.svg

    &lt;!---
    5.hre HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE:
    ---&gt;
    | Baden=Coat of arms of Baden.svg
    | Holstein=Holstein Arms.svg
 
    &lt;!---
    5.kof KINGDOM of FRANCE:
    ---&gt;
    | County of Flanders=Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg
    | Normandy=Blason duche fr Normandie.svg
 
    &lt;!---
    5.kon KINGDOM of NORWAY:
    ---&gt;
    | Akershus=Akershus våpen.svg
    | Aust-Agder=Aust-Agder vapen.svg
    | Buskerud=Buskerud våpen.svg
    | Finnmark=Finnmark våpen.svg
    | Hedmark=Hedmark våpen.svg
    | Hordaland=Hordaland vapen.svg
    | Nord-Trøndelag=Nord-Trøndelag våpen.svg
    | Oppland=Oppland våpen.svg
    | Sogn og Fjordane=Sogn og Fjordane våpen.svg
    | Sør-Trøndelag=Sør-Trøndelag våpen.svg
    | Telemark=Telemark våpen.svg
    | Troms=Troms våpen.svg
    | Vest-Agder=Vest-Agder våpen.svg
    | Vestfold=Vestfold våpen.svg
    | Østfold=Østfold våpen.svg

    &lt;!---
    5.kop KINGDOM of PRUSSIA:
    ---&gt;
    | Westphalia=Wappen des Landschaftsverbandes Westfalen-Lippe.svg

    &lt;!---
    5.kos KINGDOM of SWEDEN:
    ---&gt;
    | Scania=Skåne vapen.svg

    &lt;!---
    5.sfry SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC of YUGOSLAVIA:
    ---&gt;
    | PR Macedonia=Coat of arms of the PR of Macedonia.svg

&lt;!---
6. MILITARY and POLICE UNITS:
---&gt;
| Knights Templar=Crusades TF.JPG
| Nordic Battle Group=Coat of Arms of the Nordic Battlegroup.svg
| European Union Military Committee=Coat of arms of the European Union Military Committee.svg
| European Union Military Staff=Coat of arms of the European Union Military Staff.svg
| Teutonic Knights=Insignia Germany Order Teutonic.svg
| European Corps=Coat of arms of Eurocorps.svg
| European Rapid Operational Force=Coat of arms of Eurofor.svg
| European Gendarmerie Force=Arms of the European Gendarmerie Force.svg
| European Air Transport Command=Coat of arms of the European Air Transport Command.svg
| European Air Group=Coat of arms of the European Air Group.svg
| European Maritime Force=Coat of arms of Euromarfor.svg
| Movement Coordination Centre Europe=Coat of arms of Movement Coordination Centre Europe.svg
| Finabel=Arms of Finabel.svg
| Army of the Republic of Macedonia=MacedonianArmyLogo.svg
| Law enforcement in the Republic of Macedonia=Macedonian Police insignia.png
| Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe=Coat of arms of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe.svg
| Chairman of the NATO Military Committee=Coat of arms of the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee.svg
| Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee=Coat of arms of the Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee.svg
| NATO Communication and Information Systems Group=Coat of arms of the NATO Communication and Information Systems Group.svg
| International Military Staff=Coat of arms of the International Military Staff.svg
| Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum=Coat of arms of Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum.svg
| Allied Joint Force Command Naples=Coat of arms of Allied Joint Force Command Naples.svg
| Allied Air Command=Coat of arms of the Allied Air Command.svg
| Allied Land Command=Coat of arms of the Allied Land Command.svg
| Allied Maritime Command=Coat of arms of the Allied Maritime Command.svg
| Joint Warfare Centre=Coat of arms of the Joint Warfare Centre.svg
| Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre=Coat of arms of the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre.svg
| Joint Force Training Centre=Coat of arms of the Joint Force Training Centre.svg
&lt;!---
7. RELIGIOUS ENTITIES:
---&gt;
| Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople=Constantinople coat of arms.PNG
| Serbian Orthodox Church=Coat of arms of Serbian Orthodox Church.png
| Macedonian Orthodox Church=Coat of arms of the Macedonian Orthodox Church.svg

&lt;!---
8. EDUCATIONAL ENTITIES:
---&gt;
| Keenan Hall=Keenan.svg
| University of Notre Dame=Notre dame coat of arms.png

&lt;!---
9. CORPORATE and ECONOMIC ENTITIES:
---&gt;
| International Monetary Fund=Coat of arms of the International Monetary Fund.svg

&lt;!---
10. ETHNIC and TRIBAL GROUPS:
---&gt;
| Albanians=AlbanieWapen.svg
| Macedonians=Macedonian lion, 1620, stylized.png

&lt;!---
11. DEFAULT:
---&gt;
|#default=Insigne incognitum.svg


}}&lt;!---

---&gt;|link={{{link|{{ #if: {{{text|}}}| {{{1}}}}}}}}|alt={{{link|{{ #if: {{{text|}}}| {{{1}}}}}}}}|{{ #if: {{{size|}}}| {{{size}}}|20px}}]]{{ #if: {{{text|}}}| {{#switch: {{{text}}} | none=|&amp;nbsp;{{{text}}}}}|&amp;nbsp;[[{{{1}}}{{ #if: {{{2|}}}|{{!}}{{{2}}}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s8konj3fkvxhs956iq0rvca548n9fcd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:IPA-pt</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>64149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94175</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:48:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creata pagina con &quot;&lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|85%}}};&gt;{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=IPA:&amp;nbsp;|lang=Portughesc:&amp;nbsp;|pron=pronunzià&amp;nbsp;|eu=Portughesc Europeich:&amp;nbsp;|br=Portughesc Brasilian:&amp;nbsp;|local=dl post&amp;nbsp;|=|Pronunzia portugheja:&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;/span&gt;{{IPA|[[Help:IPA/Portuguese|[{{{1}}}]]]|lang=pt{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|eu=-PT|br=-BR}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; {{documentation}}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="411" xml:space="preserve">&lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|85%}}};&gt;{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=IPA:&amp;nbsp;|lang=Portughesc:&amp;nbsp;|pron=pronunzià&amp;nbsp;|eu=Portughesc Europeich:&amp;nbsp;|br=Portughesc Brasilian:&amp;nbsp;|local=dl post&amp;nbsp;|=|Pronunzia portugheja:&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;/span&gt;{{IPA|[[Help:IPA/Portuguese|[{{{1}}}]]]|lang=pt{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|eu=-PT|br=-BR}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}</text>
      <sha1>mq6p5b9uldx023qt3s5lf9sd8q5v2im</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>94176</id>
      <parentid>94175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:49:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="411" xml:space="preserve">&lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|85%}}};&gt;{{#switch: {{{2}}}|IPA=IPA:&amp;nbsp;|lang=Portughesc:&amp;nbsp;|pron=pronunzià&amp;nbsp;|eu=Portughesc Europeich:&amp;nbsp;|br=Portughesc Brasilian:&amp;nbsp;|local=dl post&amp;nbsp;|=|Pronunzia portugheja:&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;/span&gt;{{IPA|[[Help:IPA/Portughesc|[{{{1}}}]]]|lang=pt{{#switch:{{{2|}}}|eu=-PT|br=-BR}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{IPA audio link|{{{3}}} }} }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}</text>
      <sha1>k2e01y7rp54b4rzsul6rymu9xqnt9rp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aiuto:IPA/Portughesc</title>
    <ns>12</ns>
    <id>64150</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94177</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:49:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creata pagina con &quot;{{IPA key|H:IPA-PT|H:IPAPOR|H:IPAPT}}  The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Portuguese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-pt}}, {{tl|IPAc-pt}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.  Distinction is made between the two major standards of the langua...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23091" xml:space="preserve">{{IPA key|H:IPA-PT|H:IPAPOR|H:IPAPT}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Portuguese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-pt}}, {{tl|IPAc-pt}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Distinction is made between the two major standards of the language—[[European Portuguese|Portugal]] (European Portuguese, {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}; broadly the standard also used [[Portuguese language in Africa|in Africa]] and [[Portuguese language in Asia|in Asia]]) and [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazil]] (Brazilian Portuguese, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}). Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or an individual from Portugal.

National variant differences should be noted with discretion. When there are differing dialectal Brazilian Portuguese pronunciations, the one closest to European Portuguese should generally be preferred, as this guide is intended to help native speakers of other languages.

See [[Portuguese phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.

{| style=&quot;background: none&quot;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Consonant]]s 
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''b'''eiço, âm'''b'''ar, so'''b'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|β}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''b'''eça, so'''b'''re&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;&gt;In northern and central Portugal, {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are [[lenition|lenited]] to [[fricative consonant|fricatives]] of the same [[place of articulation]] ({{IPAblink|β}}, {{IPAblink|ð}}, and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, respectively) in all places except after a pause, a [[nasal vowel]], or (for {{IPA|/d/}}) {{IPA|/l/}}, when they are stops {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|b}}, {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}, {{IPAlink|ɡ}}]}}, not dissimilar from English ''b, d, g'' {{Harvcol|Mateus|d'Andrade|2000|p=11}}. In southern and insular Portugal and in Brazil, this most often occurs only in some unstressed syllables, generally in relaxed speech, but that is by no means universal.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{nowrap|{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: ''between'' ba'''b'''y ''and'' be'''v'''y}}&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ð}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ce'''d'''o, i'''d'''ade&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: o'''th'''er&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: to'''d'''ay
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''edo, len'''d'''a
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''d'''ay
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|dʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''igo, an'''d'''e, bal'''d'''e&lt;ref name=&quot;affrication&quot;&gt;In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, {{IPA|/d, t/}} are palatalized and affricated to post-alveolar before high front vowels {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} except for certain dialects of [[Northeast Region, Brazil]], such as [[Central northeastern Portuguese]] {{IPA|/d, t/}} are more often pronounced as alveolar or dental before high front vowels ({{IPA|/i, ĩ/}}). Furthermore, the full palatalization of {{IPA|/d, t/}} in all positions before {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} (including in most loanwords) is truly complete only in the state of Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: to'''d'''ay&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: '''j'''ig
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|f}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ado, ca'''f'''é
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ace
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''g'''ato, si'''g'''no, bin'''g'''o, '''gu'''erra
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''g'''ain
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɣ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fo'''g'''o, fi'''gu'''eira&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: ''between'' a'''g'''o ''and'' a'''h'''old&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: a'''g'''ain
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|k}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''c'''or, di'''c'''a, '''qu'''ente, '''''k'''iwi''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''c'''an
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''l'''ua, a'''l'''ô
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''ll'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ma'''l'''&lt;ref name=&quot;l&quot;&gt;Final {{IPA|/l/}} is [[ɫ|velarized]] in along the Brazilian-Uruguayan border. In European Portuguese, it is velarized in all positions.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: to'''ll'''&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: to'''w'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʎ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''lh'''e, ve'''lh'''o&lt;ref&gt;{{IPA|/ʎ/}} has merged with {{IPAblink|j}} in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, such as the [[Caipira dialect]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | mi'''lli'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|m}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ês, so'''m'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ight
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|n̪|n}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ão, so'''n'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ot
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɲ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''nh'''oque, so'''nh'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''ny'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|p}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''p'''ó, so'''p'''a, a'''p'''to
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''p'''ouse
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''r'''io, ca'''rr'''o, en'''r'''ascado&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;&gt;The [[rhotic consonant]] represented as {{IPA|/ʁ/}} has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as {{IPAblink|x}}, {{IPAblink|h}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}}, {{IPAblink|ʀ}}, {{IPAblink|r}} etc. See also [[Guttural R#Portuguese|Guttural R in Portuguese]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;&gt;The rhotic consonants {{IPA|/ɾ/}} {{angbr|r}} and {{IPA|/ʁ/}} {{angbr|rr}} contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as {{angbr|r}}, with {{IPA|/ʁ/}} occurring word-initially, after {{angbr|l}}, {{angbr|n}}, and {{angbr|s}} and in compounds; {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is found elsewhere.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--, '''''J'''uan''--&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pô'''r''', po'''r'''to, po'''r''' favo'''r'''&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;&gt;The realization of syllable-final {{angbr|r}} varies by dialect but is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} in European Portuguese and some Brazilian dialects (e.g. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as a coronal approximant ({{IPAblink|ɹ}} or {{IPAblink|ɻ}}) in various other Brazilian dialects, and as a [[guttural R]] in all others (such as the city of Rio de Janeiro and almost all the Northeast). In some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final {{angbr|r}} may also be completely [[elision|elided]] in infinitives; e.g. ''fica'''r''''' {{IPA|[fiˈka]}} (no {{angbr|r}} is pronounced as a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}} only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ''fica'''r''' ao léu'' {{IPA|[fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]}}). That is very similar to the [[linking and intrusive R|linking R]] used in some accents of English, such as [[Received Pronunciation]] or [[Australian English]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''r'''io, ca'''r'''o, po'''r''' acaso&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''aco, i'''ss'''o, bra'''ç'''o, má'''x'''imo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''ack
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | e'''s'''cola, a'''s''' porta'''s''', de'''z''', te'''x'''to&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot;&gt;Mostly in Brazil, the fricatives {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} are not palatalized between syllables or coda positions, but there is a strong palatalization of them in some dialects, such as ''[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|fluminense]]'', ''[[North Region, Brazil|northern]]'', ''[[Recife metropolitan area|recifense]]'', ''[[Salvador, Bahia|soteropolitan]]'' and ''[[Florianopolitan dialect|florianopolitan]]'' (coda {{IPA|/s/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʒ/}}). In the ''[[carioca]]'' dialect (southern coast of the state Rio de Janeiro, including all of [[Greater Rio de Janeiro]], coda sibilants are almost always palatalized ({{IPA|[ʃ, ʒ]}}), but in most dialects of the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|northeast region of Brazil]], palatalization of fricatives occurs only before stop or affricate consonants ({{IPA|/d, t, dʒ, tʃ/}}), such in as the word ''texto'' {{IPA|[ˈteʃtu]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: '''sh'''eep&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: '''s'''ack
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ave, a'''ch'''ar, '''x'''arope, bai'''x'''o, ''su'''sh'''i''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''sh'''eep
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''tch'''au, a'''tch'''im
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ip
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''ipo, ri'''t'''mo, pon'''t'''e&lt;ref name=affrication /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: s'''t'''and&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: '''ch'''ip
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''empo, á'''t'''omo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''t'''and
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|v}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''ela, li'''v'''ro
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''est
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''j'''á, '''g'''ente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | plea'''s'''ure
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ra'''s'''go, o'''s''' meus&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: plea'''s'''ure&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: '''z'''ebra
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''s'''a, o'''s''' amigos, do'''z'''e, e'''x'''istir
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''z'''ebra
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Semivowel]]s&lt;ref&gt;Intervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations are ''go'''i'''aba'' {{IPA|[ɡojˈjabɐ]}} and ''Ca'''u'''ã'' for {{IPA|[kawˈwɐ̃]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|j}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | sa'''i'''a, pa'''i'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''y'''ou, bo'''y'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | freq'''u'''ente, q'''u'''ã'''o''', ma'''u''', Ca'''u'''ã
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | q'''u'''ick, glo'''w'''
|}

| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stressed]] [[vowel]]s
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''alzh'''e'''imer'', J'''a'''ime,&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot; /&gt; d'''á''', l'''á'''men,  '''à'''quele
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''a'''ther
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''á'''mos, fal'''a'''mos,&lt;ref&gt;First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has open {{angbr|a}}, and present tense has closed {{angbr|a}}. Both conjugated with closed {{angbr|a}} in Brazilian Portuguese&lt;/ref&gt; and'''a'''ime&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot;&gt;Most Brazilian dialects have closed {{angbr|a}} for stressed sequences {{angbr|ai}} before {{IPA|/m/}} and {{IPA|/n/}}. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, including [[broadcast media]], use open {{angbr|a}} for some words like ''Jaime'' and ''[[Roraima]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: f'''a'''ther&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''a'''mos, c'''â'''mera, ''b'''u'''g''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ab'''e'''lha, v'''e'''nho, j'''e'''ito&lt;ref&gt;In the dialect of Lisbon, {{IPA|/e/}} merges with {{IPA|/ɐ/}} when it comes before palatal sounds.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''to, s'''ê'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | th'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pr'''é'''mio, pr'''ê'''mio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: s'''e'''t&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''ta, s'''é''', '''É'''merson,&lt;!--Émerson is a rare example of pre-nasal /ɛ/ in BP--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; caf'''e'''zinho
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''t
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''i''', d'''i'''a, pa'''í'''s, su'''í'''ço, ra'''i'''nha,&lt;ref&gt;There is no diphthong before palatal consonant, so hiatuses are not indicated before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} (e.g. ''rainha'' {{IPA|/ʁaˈiɲɐ/}}).&lt;/ref&gt; ''d'''ie'''sel''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''ee'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | form'''o'''sa, form'''o'''sos, av'''ó''', s'''o'''mente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''o'''ff
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ant'''ô'''nio, Ant'''ó'''nio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: '''o'''ff&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | av'''ô''', form'''o'''so, al'''ô'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''u'''a, l'''ú'''cido, sa'''ú'''de
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | b'''oo'''t
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Unstressed vowels
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | taç'''a''', m'''a'''nhã&lt;ref&gt;In Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed close {{angbr|a}} is obligatory only before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, [[Leo Wetzels]] proposes such nasalized dialects have phonemic palatal gemination (e.g. canhoto {{IPA|/kaɲˈɲotu/}} {{IPA|[kɐ̃ˈɲotu]}}). See [http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/download/2323/2272 Consoantes palatais como geminadas fonológicas no Português Brasileiro*]&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''a'''bout
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''a'''ior, '''a'''quele, d'''a'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: '''a'''bout&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | C'''a'''mões, c'''a'''veira
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | incrív'''e'''l, s'''e'''gmento&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;The &quot;northern dialects&quot; (restricted to [[North Region, Brazil|North]] and [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]] Brazil) do not follow the Standard Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation in terms of unstressed vocalism. The standard pronunciations of those vowels are always closed {{IPA|/e, o/}}, as in &quot;perereca&quot; {{IPA|[peɾeˈɾɛkɐ]}} and &quot;horário&quot; {{IPA|[oˈɾaɾju]}}, but in those dialects, they are open vowels {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ/}}, and the those words are pronounced {{IPA|[pɛɾɛˈɾɛkɐ]}} and {{IPA|[ɔˈɾaɾju]}}. That is also true to but to a lesser extent for most speakers from the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] and from the [[Brazilian Federal District|Federal District]], as local dialects are also greatly affected by [[vowel harmony]], and the same is true for many speakers from [[Minas Gerais]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Goiás]], and [[Espírito Santo]]. In many cases, the distinction between {{IPA|/ɛ, e/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ, o/}} are unclear, with a tendency for neutralization to {{IPA|[e̞, o̞]}} (that happens in almost all of Brazil). Brazilian Portuguese {{IPA|/ẽ, õ/}} can also vary between close-mid, mid, and open-mid positions, depending on the dialect, the speaker, and the word.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: acc'''e'''ss&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɯ̽|ɨ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''máforo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɪ|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | jur'''e''', p'''e'''queno,&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot;&gt;In words such as &quot;perigo&quot; {{IPA|[pɪˈɾiɡu]}} and &quot;boneco&quot; {{IPA|[bʊˈnɛku]}}, for example, vowels {{angbr|e, o}} pre-stressed syllables may be pronounced, respectively, as {{IPA|[ɪ, ʊ]}} in some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, instead of {{IPA|[i, u]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; s'''e'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: happ'''y'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | júr'''i''', m'''e'''andro, '''e''', do'''e'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot;&gt;Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in ''fri'''o''''' ('cold') and ''ri'''o''''' ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel {{IPA|[ˈfɾi.u]}} and a glide {{IPA|[ˈfɾiw]}}, exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like ''eu ri'''o''''' {{IPA|[ˈew ˈʁi.u]}} (I laugh) and ''ele ri'''u''''' {{IPA|[ˈelɨ ˈʁiw]}} (he laughed).&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | happ'''y''' 
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | h'''o'''spital&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: r'''o'''yale&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''o'''rtudo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}: outl'''oo'''k&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}: &amp;nbsp;arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʊ|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | evac'''u'''ar, b'''o'''nec'''o''',&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot; /&gt; vi-'''o''', vo'''o''', fri'''o'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot; /&gt;, '''o'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | outl'''oo'''k
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Stress and syllabification
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Explanation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˈ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Jo'''ão''' {{IPA|[ʒuˈɐ̃w]}} ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | lexical stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˌ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Vi'''la-Chã {{IPA|[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | secondary stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|.}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Rio''' {{IPA|[ˈʁi.u]}} ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | syllable break
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Diacritics
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̃}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ch'''ã''' {{IPA|[ˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})&lt;ref&gt;Nasal vowels in Portuguese are {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}}, {{IPA|/ẽ/}}, {{IPA|/ĩ/}}, {{IPA|/õ/}} and {{IPA|/ũ/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | nasal vowel
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̥}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | 
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | devoiced vowel
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;| Other representations
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;( )&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Do'''u'''ro {{IPA|[ˈdo(w)ɾu]}} ({{abbr|EP|European Portuguese}}, {{abbr|BP|Brazilian Portuguese}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | optional sound
|}
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico]. An on-line dictionary with IPA phonetic transcription. {{in lang|pt}}
* [https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa-aao/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa anterior ao Acordo Ortográfico de 1990]. An online dictionary of European Portuguese that corresponds to the Orthography used before the [[Orthographic Agreement of 1990]].

{{IPA keys}}</text>
      <sha1>3ehj4g5tt8tb5gomcxaqizgewosw39h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>94181</id>
      <parentid>94177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:54:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23149" xml:space="preserve">{{IPA key|H:IPA-PT|H:IPAPOR|H:IPAPT}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Portuguese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-pt}}, {{tl|IPAc-pt}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Distinction is made between the two major standards of the language—[[European Portuguese|Portugal]] (European Portuguese, {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}; broadly the standard also used [[Portuguese language in Africa|in Africa]] and [[Portuguese language in Asia|in Asia]]) and [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazil]] (Brazilian Portuguese, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}). Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or an individual from Portugal.

National variant differences should be noted with discretion. When there are differing dialectal Brazilian Portuguese pronunciations, the one closest to European Portuguese should generally be preferred, as this guide is intended to help native speakers of other languages.

See [[Portuguese phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.

{| style=&quot;background: none&quot;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Consonant]]s 
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''b'''eiço, âm'''b'''ar, so'''b'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|β}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''b'''eça, so'''b'''re&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;&gt;In northern and central Portugal, {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are [[lenition|lenited]] to [[fricative consonant|fricatives]] of the same [[place of articulation]] ({{IPAblink|β}}, {{IPAblink|ð}}, and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, respectively) in all places except after a pause, a [[nasal vowel]], or (for {{IPA|/d/}}) {{IPA|/l/}}, when they are stops {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|b}}, {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}, {{IPAlink|ɡ}}]}}, not dissimilar from English ''b, d, g'' {{Harvcol|Mateus|d'Andrade|2000|p=11}}. In southern and insular Portugal and in Brazil, this most often occurs only in some unstressed syllables, generally in relaxed speech, but that is by no means universal.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{nowrap|{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: ''between'' ba'''b'''y ''and'' be'''v'''y}}&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ð}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ce'''d'''o, i'''d'''ade&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: o'''th'''er&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: to'''d'''ay
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''edo, len'''d'''a
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''d'''ay
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|dʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''igo, an'''d'''e, bal'''d'''e&lt;ref name=&quot;affrication&quot;&gt;In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, {{IPA|/d, t/}} are palatalized and affricated to post-alveolar before high front vowels {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} except for certain dialects of [[Northeast Region, Brazil]], such as [[Central northeastern Portuguese]] {{IPA|/d, t/}} are more often pronounced as alveolar or dental before high front vowels ({{IPA|/i, ĩ/}}). Furthermore, the full palatalization of {{IPA|/d, t/}} in all positions before {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} (including in most loanwords) is truly complete only in the state of Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: to'''d'''ay&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''j'''ig
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|f}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ado, ca'''f'''é
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ace
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''g'''ato, si'''g'''no, bin'''g'''o, '''gu'''erra
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''g'''ain
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɣ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fo'''g'''o, fi'''gu'''eira&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: ''between'' a'''g'''o ''and'' a'''h'''old&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: a'''g'''ain
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|k}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''c'''or, di'''c'''a, '''qu'''ente, '''''k'''iwi''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''c'''an
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''l'''ua, a'''l'''ô
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''ll'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ma'''l'''&lt;ref name=&quot;l&quot;&gt;Final {{IPA|/l/}} is [[ɫ|velarized]] in along the Brazilian-Uruguayan border. In European Portuguese, it is velarized in all positions.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: to'''ll'''&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: to'''w'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʎ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''lh'''e, ve'''lh'''o&lt;ref&gt;{{IPA|/ʎ/}} has merged with {{IPAblink|j}} in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, such as the [[Caipira dialect]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | mi'''lli'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|m}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ês, so'''m'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ight
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|n̪|n}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ão, so'''n'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ot
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɲ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''nh'''oque, so'''nh'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''ny'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|p}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''p'''ó, so'''p'''a, a'''p'''to
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''p'''ouse
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''r'''io, ca'''rr'''o, en'''r'''ascado&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;&gt;The [[rhotic consonant]] represented as {{IPA|/ʁ/}} has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as {{IPAblink|x}}, {{IPAblink|h}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}}, {{IPAblink|ʀ}}, {{IPAblink|r}} etc. See also [[Guttural R#Portuguese|Guttural R in Portuguese]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;&gt;The rhotic consonants {{IPA|/ɾ/}} {{angbr|r}} and {{IPA|/ʁ/}} {{angbr|rr}} contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as {{angbr|r}}, with {{IPA|/ʁ/}} occurring word-initially, after {{angbr|l}}, {{angbr|n}}, and {{angbr|s}} and in compounds; {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is found elsewhere.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--, '''''J'''uan''--&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pô'''r''', po'''r'''to, po'''r''' favo'''r'''&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;&gt;The realization of syllable-final {{angbr|r}} varies by dialect but is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} in European Portuguese and some Brazilian dialects (e.g. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as a coronal approximant ({{IPAblink|ɹ}} or {{IPAblink|ɻ}}) in various other Brazilian dialects, and as a [[guttural R]] in all others (such as the city of Rio de Janeiro and almost all the Northeast). In some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final {{angbr|r}} may also be completely [[elision|elided]] in infinitives; e.g. ''fica'''r''''' {{IPA|[fiˈka]}} (no {{angbr|r}} is pronounced as a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}} only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ''fica'''r''' ao léu'' {{IPA|[fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]}}). That is very similar to the [[linking and intrusive R|linking R]] used in some accents of English, such as [[Received Pronunciation]] or [[Australian English]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''r'''io, ca'''r'''o, po'''r''' acaso&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''aco, i'''ss'''o, bra'''ç'''o, má'''x'''imo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''ack
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | e'''s'''cola, a'''s''' porta'''s''', de'''z''', te'''x'''to&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot;&gt;Mostly in Brazil, the fricatives {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} are not palatalized between syllables or coda positions, but there is a strong palatalization of them in some dialects, such as ''[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|fluminense]]'', ''[[North Region, Brazil|northern]]'', ''[[Recife metropolitan area|recifense]]'', ''[[Salvador, Bahia|soteropolitan]]'' and ''[[Florianopolitan dialect|florianopolitan]]'' (coda {{IPA|/s/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʒ/}}). In the ''[[carioca]]'' dialect (southern coast of the state Rio de Janeiro, including all of [[Greater Rio de Janeiro]], coda sibilants are almost always palatalized ({{IPA|[ʃ, ʒ]}}), but in most dialects of the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|northeast region of Brazil]], palatalization of fricatives occurs only before stop or affricate consonants ({{IPA|/d, t, dʒ, tʃ/}}), such in as the word ''texto'' {{IPA|[ˈteʃtu]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''sh'''eep&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''s'''ack
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ave, a'''ch'''ar, '''x'''arope, bai'''x'''o, ''su'''sh'''i''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''sh'''eep
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''tch'''au, a'''tch'''im
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ip
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''ipo, ri'''t'''mo, pon'''t'''e&lt;ref name=affrication /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: s'''t'''and&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''ch'''ip
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''empo, á'''t'''omo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''t'''and
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|v}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''ela, li'''v'''ro
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''est
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''j'''á, '''g'''ente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | plea'''s'''ure
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ra'''s'''go, o'''s''' meus&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: plea'''s'''ure&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''z'''ebra
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''s'''a, o'''s''' amigos, do'''z'''e, e'''x'''istir
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''z'''ebra
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Semivowel]]s&lt;ref&gt;Intervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations are ''go'''i'''aba'' {{IPA|[ɡojˈjabɐ]}} and ''Ca'''u'''ã'' for {{IPA|[kawˈwɐ̃]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|j}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | sa'''i'''a, pa'''i'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''y'''ou, bo'''y'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | freq'''u'''ente, q'''u'''ã'''o''', ma'''u''', Ca'''u'''ã
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | q'''u'''ick, glo'''w'''
|}

| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stressed]] [[vowel]]s
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''alzh'''e'''imer'', J'''a'''ime,&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot; /&gt; d'''á''', l'''á'''men,  '''à'''quele
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''a'''ther
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''á'''mos, fal'''a'''mos,&lt;ref&gt;First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has open {{angbr|a}}, and present tense has closed {{angbr|a}}. Both conjugated with closed {{angbr|a}} in Brazilian Portuguese&lt;/ref&gt; and'''a'''ime&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot;&gt;Most Brazilian dialects have closed {{angbr|a}} for stressed sequences {{angbr|ai}} before {{IPA|/m/}} and {{IPA|/n/}}. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, including [[broadcast media]], use open {{angbr|a}} for some words like ''Jaime'' and ''[[Roraima]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: f'''a'''ther&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''a'''mos, c'''â'''mera, ''b'''u'''g''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ab'''e'''lha, v'''e'''nho, j'''e'''ito&lt;ref&gt;In the dialect of Lisbon, {{IPA|/e/}} merges with {{IPA|/ɐ/}} when it comes before palatal sounds.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''to, s'''ê'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | th'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pr'''é'''mio, pr'''ê'''mio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: s'''e'''t&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''ta, s'''é''', '''É'''merson,&lt;!--Émerson is a rare example of pre-nasal /ɛ/ in BP--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; caf'''e'''zinho
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''t
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''i''', d'''i'''a, pa'''í'''s, su'''í'''ço, ra'''i'''nha,&lt;ref&gt;There is no diphthong before palatal consonant, so hiatuses are not indicated before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} (e.g. ''rainha'' {{IPA|/ʁaˈiɲɐ/}}).&lt;/ref&gt; ''d'''ie'''sel''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''ee'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | form'''o'''sa, form'''o'''sos, av'''ó''', s'''o'''mente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''o'''ff
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ant'''ô'''nio, Ant'''ó'''nio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''o'''ff&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | av'''ô''', form'''o'''so, al'''ô'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''u'''a, l'''ú'''cido, sa'''ú'''de
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | b'''oo'''t
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Unstressed vowels
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | taç'''a''', m'''a'''nhã&lt;ref&gt;In Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed close {{angbr|a}} is obligatory only before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, [[Leo Wetzels]] proposes such nasalized dialects have phonemic palatal gemination (e.g. canhoto {{IPA|/kaɲˈɲotu/}} {{IPA|[kɐ̃ˈɲotu]}}). See [http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/download/2323/2272 Consoantes palatais como geminadas fonológicas no Português Brasileiro*]&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''a'''bout
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''a'''ior, '''a'''quele, d'''a'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''a'''bout&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | C'''a'''mões, c'''a'''veira
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | incrív'''e'''l, s'''e'''gmento&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;The &quot;northern dialects&quot; (restricted to [[North Region, Brazil|North]] and [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]] Brazil) do not follow the Standard Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation in terms of unstressed vocalism. The standard pronunciations of those vowels are always closed {{IPA|/e, o/}}, as in &quot;perereca&quot; {{IPA|[peɾeˈɾɛkɐ]}} and &quot;horário&quot; {{IPA|[oˈɾaɾju]}}, but in those dialects, they are open vowels {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ/}}, and the those words are pronounced {{IPA|[pɛɾɛˈɾɛkɐ]}} and {{IPA|[ɔˈɾaɾju]}}. That is also true to but to a lesser extent for most speakers from the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] and from the [[Brazilian Federal District|Federal District]], as local dialects are also greatly affected by [[vowel harmony]], and the same is true for many speakers from [[Minas Gerais]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Goiás]], and [[Espírito Santo]]. In many cases, the distinction between {{IPA|/ɛ, e/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ, o/}} are unclear, with a tendency for neutralization to {{IPA|[e̞, o̞]}} (that happens in almost all of Brazil). Brazilian Portuguese {{IPA|/ẽ, õ/}} can also vary between close-mid, mid, and open-mid positions, depending on the dialect, the speaker, and the word.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: acc'''e'''ss&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɯ̽|ɨ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''máforo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɪ|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | jur'''e''', p'''e'''queno,&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot;&gt;In words such as &quot;perigo&quot; {{IPA|[pɪˈɾiɡu]}} and &quot;boneco&quot; {{IPA|[bʊˈnɛku]}}, for example, vowels {{angbr|e, o}} pre-stressed syllables may be pronounced, respectively, as {{IPA|[ɪ, ʊ]}} in some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, instead of {{IPA|[i, u]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; s'''e'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: happ'''y'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | júr'''i''', m'''e'''andro, '''e''', do'''e'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot;&gt;Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in ''fri'''o''''' ('cold') and ''ri'''o''''' ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel {{IPA|[ˈfɾi.u]}} and a glide {{IPA|[ˈfɾiw]}}, exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like ''eu ri'''o''''' {{IPA|[ˈew ˈʁi.u]}} (I laugh) and ''ele ri'''u''''' {{IPA|[ˈelɨ ˈʁiw]}} (he laughed).&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | happ'''y''' 
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | h'''o'''spital&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: r'''o'''yale&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''o'''rtudo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: outl'''oo'''k&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: &amp;nbsp;arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʊ|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | evac'''u'''ar, b'''o'''nec'''o''',&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot; /&gt; vi-'''o''', vo'''o''', fri'''o'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot; /&gt;, '''o'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | outl'''oo'''k
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Stress and syllabification
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Explanation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˈ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Jo'''ão''' {{IPA|[ʒuˈɐ̃w]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | lexical stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˌ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Vi'''la-Chã {{IPA|[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | secondary stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|.}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Rio''' {{IPA|[ˈʁi.u]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | syllable break
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Diacritics
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̃}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ch'''ã''' {{IPA|[ˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})&lt;ref&gt;Nasal vowels in Portuguese are {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}}, {{IPA|/ẽ/}}, {{IPA|/ĩ/}}, {{IPA|/õ/}} and {{IPA|/ũ/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | nasal vowel
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̥}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | 
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | devoiced vowel
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;| Other representations
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;( )&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Do'''u'''ro {{IPA|[ˈdo(w)ɾu]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr||PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | optional sound
|}
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico]. An on-line dictionary with IPA phonetic transcription. {{in lang|pt}}
* [https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa-aao/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa anterior ao Acordo Ortográfico de 1990]. An online dictionary of European Portuguese that corresponds to the Orthography used before the [[Orthographic Agreement of 1990]].

{{IPA keys}}</text>
      <sha1>55f6q3i7jjbhculb4pdbg9mg44vq4va</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>94182</id>
      <parentid>94181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:55:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23120" xml:space="preserve">{{IPA key|H:IPA-PT|H:IPAPOR|H:IPAPT}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Portuguese language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-pt}}, {{tl|IPAc-pt}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Distinction is made between the two major standards of the language—[[European Portuguese|Portugal]] (European Portuguese, {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}; broadly the standard also used [[Portuguese language in Africa|in Africa]] and [[Portuguese language in Asia|in Asia]]) and [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazil]] (Brazilian Portuguese, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}). Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or an individual from Portugal.

National variant differences should be noted with discretion. When there are differing dialectal Brazilian Portuguese pronunciations, the one closest to European Portuguese should generally be preferred, as this guide is intended to help native speakers of other languages.

See [[Portuguese phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.

{| style=&quot;background: none&quot;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Consonant]]s 
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|b}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''b'''eiço, âm'''b'''ar, so'''b'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|β}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''b'''eça, so'''b'''re&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;&gt;In northern and central Portugal, {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are [[lenition|lenited]] to [[fricative consonant|fricatives]] of the same [[place of articulation]] ({{IPAblink|β}}, {{IPAblink|ð}}, and {{IPAblink|ɣ}}, respectively) in all places except after a pause, a [[nasal vowel]], or (for {{IPA|/d/}}) {{IPA|/l/}}, when they are stops {{IPA|[{{IPAlink|b}}, {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}, {{IPAlink|ɡ}}]}}, not dissimilar from English ''b, d, g'' {{Harvcol|Mateus|d'Andrade|2000|p=11}}. In southern and insular Portugal and in Brazil, this most often occurs only in some unstressed syllables, generally in relaxed speech, but that is by no means universal.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{nowrap|{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: ''between'' ba'''b'''y ''and'' be'''v'''y}}&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: a'''b'''out
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ð}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ce'''d'''o, i'''d'''ade&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: o'''th'''er&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: to'''d'''ay
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''edo, len'''d'''a
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''d'''ay
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|dʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''d'''igo, an'''d'''e, bal'''d'''e&lt;ref name=&quot;affrication&quot;&gt;In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, {{IPA|/d, t/}} are palatalized and affricated to post-alveolar before high front vowels {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} except for certain dialects of [[Northeast Region, Brazil]], such as [[Central northeastern Portuguese]] {{IPA|/d, t/}} are more often pronounced as alveolar or dental before high front vowels ({{IPA|/i, ĩ/}}). Furthermore, the full palatalization of {{IPA|/d, t/}} in all positions before {{IPA|/i, ĩ/}} (including in most loanwords) is truly complete only in the state of Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: to'''d'''ay&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''j'''ig
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|f}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ado, ca'''f'''é
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''f'''ace
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɡ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''g'''ato, si'''g'''no, bin'''g'''o, '''gu'''erra
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''g'''ain
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɣ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fo'''g'''o, fi'''gu'''eira&lt;ref name=&quot;Lenition&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: ''between'' a'''g'''o ''and'' a'''h'''old&lt;br/&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: a'''g'''ain
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|k}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''c'''or, di'''c'''a, '''qu'''ente, '''''k'''iwi''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''c'''an
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɫ|l}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''l'''ua, a'''l'''ô
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | to'''ll'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ma'''l'''&lt;ref name=&quot;l&quot;&gt;Final {{IPA|/l/}} is [[ɫ|velarized]] in along the Brazilian-Uruguayan border. In European Portuguese, it is velarized in all positions.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: to'''ll'''&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: to'''w'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʎ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''lh'''e, ve'''lh'''o&lt;ref&gt;{{IPA|/ʎ/}} has merged with {{IPAblink|j}} in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, such as the [[Caipira dialect]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | mi'''lli'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|m}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ês, so'''m'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''m'''ight
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|n̪|n}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ão, so'''n'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''n'''ot
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɲ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''nh'''oque, so'''nh'''o
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''ny'''on
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|p}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''p'''ó, so'''p'''a, a'''p'''to
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''p'''ouse
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʁ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''r'''io, ca'''rr'''o, en'''r'''ascado&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;&gt;The [[rhotic consonant]] represented as {{IPA|/ʁ/}} has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as {{IPAblink|x}}, {{IPAblink|h}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}, {{IPAblink|ɦ}}, {{IPAblink|ʀ}}, {{IPAblink|r}} etc. See also [[Guttural R#Portuguese|Guttural R in Portuguese]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;&gt;The rhotic consonants {{IPA|/ɾ/}} {{angbr|r}} and {{IPA|/ʁ/}} {{angbr|rr}} contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as {{angbr|r}}, with {{IPA|/ʁ/}} occurring word-initially, after {{angbr|l}}, {{angbr|n}}, and {{angbr|s}} and in compounds; {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is found elsewhere.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--, '''''J'''uan''--&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pô'''r''', po'''r'''to, po'''r''' favo'''r'''&lt;ref name=&quot;guttural r&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;&gt;The realization of syllable-final {{angbr|r}} varies by dialect but is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} in European Portuguese and some Brazilian dialects (e.g. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as a coronal approximant ({{IPAblink|ɹ}} or {{IPAblink|ɻ}}) in various other Brazilian dialects, and as a [[guttural R]] in all others (such as the city of Rio de Janeiro and almost all the Northeast). In some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final {{angbr|r}} may also be completely [[elision|elided]] in infinitives; e.g. ''fica'''r''''' {{IPA|[fiˈka]}} (no {{angbr|r}} is pronounced as a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}} only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ''fica'''r''' ao léu'' {{IPA|[fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]}}). That is very similar to the [[linking and intrusive R|linking R]] used in some accents of English, such as [[Received Pronunciation]] or [[Australian English]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: ''French'' '''r'''ouge
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɾ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''r'''io, ca'''r'''o, po'''r''' acaso&lt;ref name=&quot;rhotics&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;final r&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | a'''t'''om ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''aco, i'''ss'''o, bra'''ç'''o, má'''x'''imo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''s'''ack
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | e'''s'''cola, a'''s''' porta'''s''', de'''z''', te'''x'''to&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot;&gt;Mostly in Brazil, the fricatives {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} are not palatalized between syllables or coda positions, but there is a strong palatalization of them in some dialects, such as ''[[Rio de Janeiro (state)|fluminense]]'', ''[[North Region, Brazil|northern]]'', ''[[Recife metropolitan area|recifense]]'', ''[[Salvador, Bahia|soteropolitan]]'' and ''[[Florianopolitan dialect|florianopolitan]]'' (coda {{IPA|/s/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} merges with {{IPA|/ʒ/}}). In the ''[[carioca]]'' dialect (southern coast of the state Rio de Janeiro, including all of [[Greater Rio de Janeiro]], coda sibilants are almost always palatalized ({{IPA|[ʃ, ʒ]}}), but in most dialects of the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|northeast region of Brazil]], palatalization of fricatives occurs only before stop or affricate consonants ({{IPA|/d, t, dʒ, tʃ/}}), such in as the word ''texto'' {{IPA|[ˈteʃtu]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''sh'''eep&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''s'''ack
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ave, a'''ch'''ar, '''x'''arope, bai'''x'''o, ''su'''sh'''i''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''sh'''eep
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|tʃ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''tch'''au, a'''tch'''im
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''ch'''ip
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''ipo, ri'''t'''mo, pon'''t'''e&lt;ref name=affrication /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: s'''t'''and&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''ch'''ip
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''t'''empo, á'''t'''omo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''t'''and
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|v}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''ela, li'''v'''ro
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''v'''est
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʒ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''j'''á, '''g'''ente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | plea'''s'''ure
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ra'''s'''go, o'''s''' meus&lt;ref name=&quot;palatalization of fricatives&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: plea'''s'''ure&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: '''z'''ebra
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|z}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ca'''s'''a, o'''s''' amigos, do'''z'''e, e'''x'''istir
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''z'''ebra
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Semivowel]]s&lt;ref&gt;Intervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations are ''go'''i'''aba'' {{IPA|[ɡojˈjabɐ]}} and ''Ca'''u'''ã'' for {{IPA|[kawˈwɐ̃]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|j}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | sa'''i'''a, pa'''i'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''y'''ou, bo'''y'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|w}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | freq'''u'''ente, q'''u'''ã'''o''', ma'''u''', Ca'''u'''ã
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | q'''u'''ick, glo'''w'''
|}

| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stressed]] [[vowel]]s
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | English approximation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ''alzh'''e'''imer'', J'''a'''ime,&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot; /&gt; d'''á''', l'''á'''men,  '''à'''quele
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | f'''a'''ther
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''á'''mos, fal'''a'''mos,&lt;ref&gt;First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has open {{angbr|a}}, and present tense has closed {{angbr|a}}. Both conjugated with closed {{angbr|a}} in Brazilian Portuguese&lt;/ref&gt; and'''a'''ime&lt;ref name=&quot;closed ai&quot;&gt;Most Brazilian dialects have closed {{angbr|a}} for stressed sequences {{angbr|ai}} before {{IPA|/m/}} and {{IPA|/n/}}. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, including [[broadcast media]], use open {{angbr|a}} for some words like ''Jaime'' and ''[[Roraima]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: f'''a'''ther&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | fal'''a'''mos, c'''â'''mera, ''b'''u'''g''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | ab'''e'''lha, v'''e'''nho, j'''e'''ito&lt;ref&gt;In the dialect of Lisbon, {{IPA|/e/}} merges with {{IPA|/ɐ/}} when it comes before palatal sounds.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: p'''ur'''se ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''to, s'''ê'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | th'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | pr'''é'''mio, pr'''ê'''mio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: s'''e'''t&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: th'''e'''y
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''e'''ta, s'''é''', '''É'''merson,&lt;!--Émerson is a rare example of pre-nasal /ɛ/ in BP--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; caf'''e'''zinho
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''t
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''i''', d'''i'''a, pa'''í'''s, su'''í'''ço, ra'''i'''nha,&lt;ref&gt;There is no diphthong before palatal consonant, so hiatuses are not indicated before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} (e.g. ''rainha'' {{IPA|/ʁaˈiɲɐ/}}).&lt;/ref&gt; ''d'''ie'''sel''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''ee'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | form'''o'''sa, form'''o'''sos, av'''ó''', s'''o'''mente
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''o'''ff
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ant'''ô'''nio, Ant'''ó'''nio
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''o'''ff&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | av'''ô''', form'''o'''so, al'''ô'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | r'''u'''a, l'''ú'''cido, sa'''ú'''de
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | b'''oo'''t
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Unstressed vowels
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɐ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | taç'''a''', m'''a'''nhã&lt;ref&gt;In Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed close {{angbr|a}} is obligatory only before {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, [[Leo Wetzels]] proposes such nasalized dialects have phonemic palatal gemination (e.g. canhoto {{IPA|/kaɲˈɲotu/}} {{IPA|[kɐ̃ˈɲotu]}}). See [http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/download/2323/2272 Consoantes palatais como geminadas fonológicas no Português Brasileiro*]&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''a'''bout
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | m'''a'''ior, '''a'''quele, d'''a'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''a'''bout&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ä|a}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | C'''a'''mões, c'''a'''veira
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | grandm'''a'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɛ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|e}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | incrív'''e'''l, s'''e'''gmento&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&gt;The &quot;northern dialects&quot; (restricted to [[North Region, Brazil|North]] and [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]] Brazil) do not follow the Standard Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation in terms of unstressed vocalism. The standard pronunciations of those vowels are always closed {{IPA|/e, o/}}, as in &quot;perereca&quot; {{IPA|[peɾeˈɾɛkɐ]}} and &quot;horário&quot; {{IPA|[oˈɾaɾju]}}, but in those dialects, they are open vowels {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ/}}, and the those words are pronounced {{IPA|[pɛɾɛˈɾɛkɐ]}} and {{IPA|[ɔˈɾaɾju]}}. That is also true to but to a lesser extent for most speakers from the state of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] and from the [[Brazilian Federal District|Federal District]], as local dialects are also greatly affected by [[vowel harmony]], and the same is true for many speakers from [[Minas Gerais]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Goiás]], and [[Espírito Santo]]. In many cases, the distinction between {{IPA|/ɛ, e/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ, o/}} are unclear, with a tendency for neutralization to {{IPA|[e̞, o̞]}} (that happens in almost all of Brazil). Brazilian Portuguese {{IPA|/ẽ, õ/}} can also vary between close-mid, mid, and open-mid positions, depending on the dialect, the speaker, and the word.&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: acc'''e'''ss&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɯ̽|ɨ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''e'''máforo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: surv'''e'''y
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɪ|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | jur'''e''', p'''e'''queno,&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot;&gt;In words such as &quot;perigo&quot; {{IPA|[pɪˈɾiɡu]}} and &quot;boneco&quot; {{IPA|[bʊˈnɛku]}}, for example, vowels {{angbr|e, o}} pre-stressed syllables may be pronounced, respectively, as {{IPA|[ɪ, ʊ]}} in some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, instead of {{IPA|[i, u]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; s'''e'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: '''e'''mission&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: happ'''y'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|i}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | júr'''i''', m'''e'''andro, '''e''', do'''e'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot;&gt;Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in ''fri'''o''''' ('cold') and ''ri'''o''''' ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel {{IPA|[ˈfɾi.u]}} and a glide {{IPA|[ˈfɾiw]}}, exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like ''eu ri'''o''''' {{IPA|[ˈew ˈʁi.u]}} (I laugh) and ''ele ri'''u''''' {{IPA|[ˈelɨ ˈʁiw]}} (he laughed).&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | happ'''y''' 
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ɔ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|o}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | h'''o'''spital&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed vocalism&quot; /&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: r'''o'''yale&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | s'''o'''rtudo
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}: outl'''oo'''k&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}: &amp;nbsp;arr'''o'''w ([[General American|GA]])
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ʊ|u}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | evac'''u'''ar, b'''o'''nec'''o''',&lt;ref name=&quot;pre-stressed syllables&quot; /&gt; vi-'''o''', vo'''o''', fri'''o'''&lt;ref name=&quot;unstressed hiatus&quot; /&gt;, '''o'''s
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | outl'''oo'''k
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Stress and syllabification
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Examples !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Explanation
|-
! {{flagicon|Portugal}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}} !! {{flagicon|Brazil}}&lt;br&gt;{{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˈ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Jo'''ão''' {{IPA|[ʒuˈɐ̃w]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | lexical stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|ˌ}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Vi'''la-Chã {{IPA|[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | secondary stress
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|.}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''Rio''' {{IPA|[ˈʁi.u]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | syllable break
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Diacritics
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̃}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ch'''ã''' {{IPA|[ˈʃɐ̃]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})&lt;ref&gt;Nasal vowels in Portuguese are {{IPA|/ɐ̃/}}, {{IPA|/ẽ/}}, {{IPA|/ĩ/}}, {{IPA|/õ/}} and {{IPA|/ũ/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | nasal vowel
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;big&gt;{{IPAlink|◌̥}}&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | 
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | devoiced vowel
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;| Other representations
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;big&gt;( )&lt;/big&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Do'''u'''ro {{IPA|[ˈdo(w)ɾu]}} ({{abbr|PE|Portughesc Europeich}}, {{abbr|PB|Portughesc Brasilian}})
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | optional sound
|}
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico]. An on-line dictionary with IPA phonetic transcription. {{in lang|pt}}
* [https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa-aao/ Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa anterior ao Acordo Ortográfico de 1990]. An online dictionary of European Portuguese that corresponds to the Orthography used before the [[Orthographic Agreement of 1990]].

{{IPA keys}}</text>
      <sha1>au6pthg7qd430nuxyge1x3uvpm2zgwm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Portugal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>64151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94178</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creata pagina con &quot;{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} | alias = Portugal | flag alias = Flag of Portugal.svg | flag alias-1248 = PortugueseFlag1248.svg | flag alias-1385 = PortugueseFlag1385.svg | flag alias-1495 = Flag Portugal (1495).svg | flag alias-1578 = Flag Portugal (1578).svg | flag alias-1640 = Flag Portugal (1640).svg | flag alias-1707 = Flag Portugal (1707).svg | flag alias-1750 = Flag of Portugal (1750).svg | flag alias-1816 = Flag of the United Kingdom of Portu...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1329" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Portugal
| flag alias = Flag of Portugal.svg
| flag alias-1248 = PortugueseFlag1248.svg
| flag alias-1385 = PortugueseFlag1385.svg
| flag alias-1495 = Flag Portugal (1495).svg
| flag alias-1578 = Flag Portugal (1578).svg
| flag alias-1640 = Flag Portugal (1640).svg
| flag alias-1707 = Flag Portugal (1707).svg
| flag alias-1750 = Flag of Portugal (1750).svg
| flag alias-1816 = Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg
| flag alias-1830 = Flag Portugal (1830).svg
| flag alias-civil = Flag Portugal sea (1830).svg
| flag alias-air force=Portugal Air force fin flash.svg
| flag alias-army = Military flag of Portugal.svg
| link alias-air force = Portuguese Air Force
| link alias-army = Portuguese Army
| link alias-naval = Portuguese Navy
| flag alias-navy=Naval Jack of Portugal.svg
| link alias-navy = Portuguese Navy
| flag alias-marines=Naval Jack of Portugal.svg
| link alias-marines=Portuguese Marine Corps
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1248
| var2 = 1385
| var3 = 1495
| var4 = 1578
| var5 = 1640
| var6 = 1707
| var7 = 1750
| var8 = 1816
| var9 = 1830
| var13 = civil
| redir1 = PRT
| redir2 = POR
| related1 = Portuguese Empire
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>3suyly5z1ekvgpr84t3mh6673k9obn1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Brazil</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>64152</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Country data Brasil" />
    <revision>
      <id>94179</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:50:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect alla pagina [[Template:Country data Brasil]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[Template:Country data Brasil]]</text>
      <sha1>236qu5ivjcv5ru9axpndqsl3k9rbfg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Abbr</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>64153</id>
    <revision>
      <id>94180</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T12:51:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asenoner</username>
        <id>208</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creata pagina con &quot;&lt;abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class=&quot;{{{class}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;{{{id}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}} title=&quot;{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|&quot;|&amp;quot;}}}}&quot;&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="245" xml:space="preserve">&lt;abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class=&quot;{{{class}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;{{{id}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}} title=&quot;{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|&quot;|&amp;quot;}}}}&quot;&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>