Wikipedia madwiki https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C3%A8yan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Mèḍia Spesial Pakanḍhâ'ân Pangangghuy Pakanḍhâ'ânna pangangghuy Wikipèḍia Pakanḍhâ'ânna Wikipèḍia Bhengkek Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhengkek MèḍiaWiki Pakanḍhâ'ânna MèḍiaWiki Cèṭa'an Pakanḍhâ'ânna cèṭa'an Bhântowan Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhântowan Bhângsa Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhângsa TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Gheḍḍhâng 0 227 64895 63421 2026-07-10T12:32:26Z Muufii 2890 added [[Category:Buwâ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 64895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bhengkek:Manfaat 7 pisang.jpeg|thumb|Buwâna gheḍḍhâng sè ella massa']] '''Gheḍḍhâng''' iyâ arèya tamenan sè alebbhu ka famili [[Musaceae]]. Buwâna lomrana loncong, bilu', aropa'aghi arè'. Gheḍḍhâng tamaso' ka wâ-buwâ'ân sè bânnya' èjhuwâl polana bisa tombu è ḍimma bhâi. Okorân ḍâunna acem-macem. Okorân ḍâunna acem-macem. [[Bhângsa:Totombuwân]] [[Bhângsa:Musaceae]] [[Bhângsa:Buwâ]] gv5kpsfhh5i1hasnh1o4qan5kx8rhcz Jhâlân tol 0 292 64909 42001 2026-07-10T14:17:34Z ~2026-38456-63 5342 64909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bhengkek:MyanmarCheckpointFee.jpg|jmpl]] '''Jhâlân tol''' (è Indonèsia segghut èkoca' jhâlân bhibhâs hambatan) panèka [[jhâlân]] sè khusus ghâbây transportasi roda duwâ' otabâ lebbi (mobil, bus, truk). Jhâlân tol arowa aghâbây jara' bân [[bâkto]] lebbi kèndâ' dâri jhâlân biyasa. [[Bhângsa:Jhâlân tol| ]] fc6s0c8lz8fh7pkx3rv4kxfobl2ccjp 64910 64909 2026-07-10T14:18:08Z ~2026-38456-63 5342 64910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bhengkek:SR 417 University Toll Plaza.jpg|jmpl]] '''Jhâlân tol''' (è Indonèsia segghut èkoca' jhâlân bhibhâs hambatan) panèka [[jhâlân]] sè khusus ghâbây transportasi roda duwâ' otabâ lebbi (mobil, bus, truk). Jhâlân tol arowa aghâbây jara' bân [[bâkto]] lebbi kèndâ' dâri jhâlân biyasa. [[Bhângsa:Jhâlân tol| ]] co41xthbcfiy641zegub96mm95w07u5 Nangka 0 492 64897 6056 2026-07-10T12:40:49Z Muufii 2890 added [[Category:Buwâ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 64897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bhengkek:(Artocarpus heterophyllus) Jack fruits on Simhachalam Hills 01.jpg|thumb|Nangka]] '''Nangka''' (''Artocarpus heterophyllus'') iyâ arèya nyama ka'-bhungka'an bân buwâna. Nangka alebbhu ka dâlem suku Moraceae. Nyama è è bhâsa Indonesia padâ bi' bhâsa Madhurâ, mènangka è [[bhâsa]] Inggris èkoca' ''jackfruit''. [[Bhângsa:Totombuwân]] [[Bhângsa:Moraceae]] [[Bhângsa:Buwâ]] nbmsb4rjkv5ek28ivg6m3p136x38g2d 64898 64897 2026-07-10T12:41:37Z Muufii 2890 64898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox spesies}} [[Bhengkek:(Artocarpus heterophyllus) Jack fruits on Simhachalam Hills 01.jpg|thumb|Nangka]] '''Nangka''' (''Artocarpus heterophyllus'') iyâ arèya nyama ka'-bhungka'an bân buwâna. Nangka alebbhu ka dâlem suku Moraceae. Nyama è è bhâsa Indonesia padâ bi' bhâsa Madhurâ, mènangka è [[bhâsa]] Inggris èkoca' ''jackfruit''. [[Bhângsa:Totombuwân]] [[Bhângsa:Moraceae]] [[Bhângsa:Buwâ]] pcvs66ew4hsjgvsaspu55w5tw2kcppk Bhungkana Pao (Mangifera indica) 0 536 64896 48135 2026-07-10T12:35:49Z Muufii 2890 Muufii ngallèyaghi kaca [[Pao]] ka [[Bhungkana Pao (Mangifera indica)]] tanpa aghâbây pangallèyan: Judul salah eja 48135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox spesies}} [[Bhengkek:Mango and cross sections.jpg|thumb|339x339px|Ghâmbhâr pao èdhidhil, èkollèt|alt=]] '''Pao''' panèka nyama bighi bân bhungkana. Pao alebbhu dâ' dâlem marga ''Mangifera''. ''Mangifera'' arèya bâdâ 23-40 longkang. Nyama ilmiahna panèka ''Mangifera indica''. Nyamana arèya rèna kandhu' artèh: "bhungka sè abighi pao, sè asala dâri [[Inḍia]]". [[Bhângsa:Totombuwân]] [[Bhângsa:Anacardiaceae]] 7etifcg6ln9xk3nexyyfv0sh7fc7ap6 Somangka 0 16940 64894 64584 2026-07-10T12:30:00Z Muufii 2890 added [[Category:Buwâ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 64894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spesies}} '''Somangka'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=23 Nama Biji Buah-buahan dalam Bahasa Madura » dimadura |url=https://dimadura.id/23-nama-biji-buah-buahan-dalam-bahasa-madura/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |language=id |archive-date=2025-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710075007/https://dimadura.id/23-nama-biji-buah-buahan-dalam-bahasa-madura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> otabâ ḍâlem [[bhâsa Inḍonèsia]] panèka semangka,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arti kata semangka - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online |url=https://kbbi.web.id/semangka |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=kbbi.web.id}}</ref> keramboja,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arti kata keramboja - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online |url=https://kbbi.web.id/keramboja |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=kbbi.web.id}}</ref> tembikai, otabâ mendikai (''Citrullus lanatus'', suku mun-tèmunan otabâ ''Cucurbitaceae'') panèka tamennan sè arambât sè asalla ḍâri ḍaèra satengnga ghurun è Afrika bâgiyân lao'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayuran Dan Buah Berwarna Merah, Antioksidan Penangkal Radikal Bebas |url=https://bintangpusnas.perpusnas.go.id/konten/BK62614/sayuran-dan-buah-berwarna-merah-antioksidan-penangkal-radikal-bebas |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=bintangpusnas.perpusnas.go.id |language=en}}</ref> Tamennan panèka ghi' akaè' kalabân macemma labu (''Cucurbitaceae''), mèlon (''Cucumis melo''), bân mun-tèmunan (''Cucumis sativus''). Somangka biasana èpanèn buwâna ka'angghuy èdhâ'âr tarappa'an seggher otabâ èghâbây jus. Bighina samangka sè èpakerrèng bân èsangngar jhughân biasa èdhâ'âr èssèna (''kotiledon'') mènangka kowaci. == Katerrangan == Saka'ḍimma angghuta suku mun-tèmunan laènna, ''habitus'' tamennan somangka panèka arambât, tapè ta' bisa abhângon ramo' ''adventif'' bân ta' bisa arambât ka attas. Somangka tombu kalabân cara arambât, kalaban rambâddhâ coma bisa nyapa' 3 kantos 5 mèter. bhungkana onnyèl, aseggi, ḍâunna lèbâr bân abulu. Lanjhângnga ḍâunna ra-kèra 3-25 cm kalabân lèbâr 1,5 kantos 5 cm. Bâgiyân pèngghir ḍâunna agelombang bân bâbâna bâḍâ lu-buluna sè rapet ka tolangnga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Daya |first=Budi |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=EIjcRG4AXisC&newbks=0&hl=id&redir_esc=y |title=Semangka |date=2010 |publisher=PT Niaga Swadaya |isbn=978-979-002-439-7 |language=id}}</ref> == Somangka Konèng == Somangka konèng panèka macemma somangka sè anḍi' dhâghing buwâ abârna konèng, bhidhâ kalabân somangka mèra sè lebbi omom èkataowè orèng. Bhidhâna bârnana somangka panèka èsebbhibbhâghi sareng kanḍungan ''pigmen'' sè bhidhâ, somangka mèra nganḍung ''likopen'', seddheng samangka konèng panèka nganḍung ''beta-keroten'', pigmen sè abherri' bârna konèng otabârèn è wâ'-buwâ'ân bân ghângan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Indonesia |first=CNN |title=Semangka Merah vs Kuning, Mana yang Lebih Tinggi Gula? |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20231017144607-262-1012322/semangka-merah-vs-kuning-mana-yang-lebih-tinggi-gula |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=gaya hidup |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Sombher == [[Bhângsa:Buwâ]] c6bt4d9ufq31vdwkn0smjii8pkkwxl4 Soetran 0 19368 64912 64880 2026-07-10T22:14:14Z Oikivivi 2325 64912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox orang}} [[Brigadir Jenderal]] [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]] (HOR) (Purn.) '''Soetran''' (EBI: '''Sutran''', 5 April 1921 – 1 Juli 1987) iyâ arèya tokoh militèr bân politisi [[Inḍonèsia]] sè dhâddhi Bupati Trenggalèk ḍari taon 1968 sampè' 1975 bân Gubernur Irian Jaya ḍari taon 1975 sampè' 1981. <ref>Junaedi, Didi. [https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=p216CgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA97&dq=info:PuSPXvz4BxwJ:scholar.google.com/&ots=mfIQ59rO3G&sig=NPeC1zS7Awpt7i1L5RTbTokdk-s&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Pahlawan-pahlawan Indonesia sepanjang masa]. IndonesiaTera, 2014. Diaksès 2026-06-09. </ref> Lahèr è [[Kabhupatèn Siḍoarjo|Siḍoarjo]], Soetran kodhu ambu ḍari [[Sakola'an|sakola]] ḍâsar è kellas 4 bân alako sakabbina kalakowan. Neng taon 1942, Soetran masok ka ḍâlem organisasi [[Pembèla Tanah Air]] (PETA) kalabân pangkat ''budancho'' (setingkat [[Sersan|sèrsan]]). Samarèna [[Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia|kamardhika'an Inḍonèsia]], Soetran masok [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|Tentara Nasional Inḍonèsia]] (TNI), bân dhâddhi mènangka Komandan Distrik Militèr (Dandim) è Mèrauke bân [[Kabhupatèn Trènggalèk|Trenggalèk]]. Soetran ngaollè jabatan politik pertamana è bákto la èpèlè mènangka Bupati Trenggalèk neng taon 1968. Salah sèttong karakteristik kepemimpinanna iyâ arèya sistem komando sè è anut bi' pamarènta daerah. Pencapaian sè palèng rajâ Soetran dhâddhi bupati iyâ arèya madhâddhi Trenggalèk mènangka pusat cengkè sa- [[Jhâbâ Tèmor]]. Soetran jhughân ngosollaghi kebijakan ''tembokisasi'' (pembangunan geddhung) bân [[reboisasi]] è wilayah Trenggalèk mènangka upaya ka'angghuy ningkataghi taraf oḍi' rakyat Trenggalèk. Soetran ètunjuk polè ka'angghuy masa jabatan sè Kaḍuwe' neng taon 1973, bân Trenggalèk narèma penghargaan Parasamya Purnakarya Nugraha mènangka Kabupatèn sè palèng bhâghus neng taon 1974. Mènangka penghargaan atas pencapaianna è Trenggalèk, Soetran ètunjuk ka'angghuy dhâddhi Gubernur Irian Jaya è taon 1975. Neng masa kepemimpinanna, Soetran nerrapaghi program wâjib Namen Cengkè sè èwâjibaghi hampir sakabbina penduduk bân instansi è Irian Jaya ka'angghuy namen cengkè. Polana program kasebbhut, Soetran èkoca' mènangka "Gubernur Cengkè". Maskè deyyeh, program kasebbhut gagal polana pelaksana'enna sè ru-kabhuru, ta' tao carana namen cengkè, keputusân ka'angghuy ngimpor cengkè ḍari Trenggalèk maskè ghita' è uji kelayakanna, bân korangnga sosialisasi program. Propènsi kasebbhut jhughân ngalamè ḍuwe' kalè lèndhu è taon 1976. Soetran ngahèrrè masa jabatânna mènangka gubernur è taon 1981, ra kèra empa' bulân lebbi abit ḍari sè èrencana'aghi. Samarèna mundur ḍari jabatân gubernur, Soetran neng neng è [[Kottha Sorbhâjâ|Sorbâjâ]]. Soetran dhingghâl omor è taon 1987. == Bâkto kènnè' bân karir militèr == Soetran èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 5 April 1921 è dhisa Cangkring, Sidoarjo, ḍari kalowarga rèng tanè. Polana kabâḍâ'en eppa'en sè buta, dhibi'en ambu asakola è bangku kellas 4 sakola ḍâsar (SD) bân molaè nyarè kalakowan. Soetran mulaè alakonè pan-bârâmpan macem kalakowan, akadhi mènangka tanè, penampil è hajatân, bân pemaèn ludruk kalèlèng. È taon 1942, nyusol pendudukân Jeppang è Inḍonèsia, Soetran ajâlânè pendidikan militèr è Renseitai, akademi militèr sè èbangun bi' tentara Jeppang. Soetran kantos dhâddhi angghuta satuan [[Pembèla Tanah Air]] samarèna lulus bân ngaollè pangkat ''budancho'' (setara kalabân [[Sersan|sèrsan ).]] Samarèna Inḍonèsia mardhika, Soetran agabung ka dâlem Badan Keamanan Rakyat (cikal bakal [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]]) bân ètempataghi mènangka komandan sèksi neng Batalion Tjipto sajjhâ' tangghâl 17 Sèptèmber 1945.<ref>Bachtiar, Harsya W. (1988). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IyQgAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Siapa dia? Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD).] Jakarta. hlm. 417. [[:id:Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794281000|ISBN 9789794281000]]. Diaksès 2026-06-10. </ref> Samarèna [[Revolusi Nasional Indonesia|Rèvolusi Nasional Inḍonèsia]] la marè neng taon 1949, Soetran nuro' Latihan Persamaan Perwira bân lulus dhâddhi Lètnan sèttong neng taon 1950. Soetran kantos nuro' pan bârâmpan pendidikân militèr laènna, è antarana Pendidikan Persiapan Untuk Perwira è [[Kabhupatèn Jhembher|Jember]] (lulus 1956) bân Kursus Perwira Lanjutân Satu è [[Kottha Banḍung|Banḍung]] (lulus 1957). Neng taon 1958, Soetran dhâddhi Bhâkkèl komandan Batalyon Infanteri 511 kalabân pangkat Lètnan sèttong. Empa' taon kantos, pangkatdhâ èpaongghâ ka kaptèn bân dhibi'en dhâddhi komandan Batalyon Infanteri 511. Korang ḍari sataon kantos, neng taon 1963, Soetran èpangallè ka [[Papua (Wilayah Indonesia)|Irian Jaya]] bân dhâddhi komandan distrik militèr (Dandim) è Tanah Merah, Boven Digoel. Neng taon 1967, dhibi'en abâli èpangallè ka Jhâbâ Tèmor, dhâddhi Dandim Trenggalèk. Soetran jhughân narèma kenaikan pangkat dhâddhi mayor.<ref>Ariyanto, Danny Rizky. [https://repository.um.ac.id/54813/ Biografi Soetran (1921-1987)]. Diss. Universitas Negeri Malang, 2015. Diaksès 2026-06-10. </ref> Neng ahèr masa jabatanna dhâddhi Gubernur Irian Jaya neng taon 1980, Soetran narèma kenaikan pangkat kehormatân ḍari kolonèl dhâddhi [[Brigadir Jenderal|brigadir jènderal.]] == Bupati Trenggalèk == === Penamenan cengkè === Soetran èlantik dhâddhi Bupati Trenggalèk neng tangghâl 3 Oktobèr 1968, aghântè'aghi Moeladi<ref name=":1">Rahayu, Endah (27 Juli 2005). [https://data.kompas.id/ "Trenggalek "Wiwitan lan Wibawa""]. Kompas. hlm. 9. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 15 Desember 2020. Diaksès 2026-06-12. </ref>. Sabellunna dhibi'en tojhu' neng korsè bupati, Trenggalèk èkennal mènangka daèrah sè miskèn bân segghut ngalamè musèm nèmor lanjhâng sè nyebabaghi kakerrèngan neng daèrah kasebbhut. [[Gaplèk]], kananan utama penduduk Trenggalèk, ta' bisa ètamen bân èpolong mon ghi' musèm nèmor. Soetran molaè nyarè solusi ka'angghuy masalah kakerrèngan samarèna dhibi'en negghu' jabatân dhâddhi Bupati Trenggalèk. È bâbâna Soetran, pamarènta daèrah Trenggalèk anḍi' usaha ka'angghuy nyarè komoditas sè anḍi' nilai tèngghi sè sesuai kalabân lahan rakyat. Samarèna nemmo jhâ' cengkè aropa'aghi taneman sè palèng cocok ka'angghuy daerah kasebbhut, Soetran molaè nik sakonnik maksa penduduk Trenggalèk ka'angghuy namen cengkè. Panamenan cengkè kasebbhut abuwâ'aghi hasèl nik sakonnik è bâkto samarena èmolaè. Tana Trenggalèk sè tandus èobâ dhâddhi tana sè bhiru kalabân cengkè bân Kabupatèn kasebbhut dhâddhi pusat produksi cengkè è Jhâbâ Tèmor. Maskè'epon perkebunan cengkè ghun 16,21% ḍari sakabbina luas tana sè bâḍâ, produksi cengkè nambâ pendapatân masyarakat Trenggalèk ra kèra 21 miliar rupiah per taon. Wilayah Trenggalèk kantos dhâddhi idèntik kalabân cengkè, bân penduduk è ḍissa kantos ghun ngandâllaghi cengkè mènangka tong-sèttongnga sombher penghasilân. Donald K. Emmerson, seorang peneliti politik, anḍi' pendapat jhâ' keberhasilân pembangunan Trenggalèk è bâbâna pamarèntana Soetran polana sistem kepemimpinan komando sè èanut. Emmerson anḍi' pendapat jhâ' Soetran anḍi' tanggung jawab penuh ḍâ' prosès pembangunan è wilayah kasebbhut bân ajelen aghi pamarènta daèrah mènangka perpanjangan tanganna dhibi'. === Tembokisasi bân rèboisasi === Sabellunna penunjukkânna dhâddhi bupati, kantor-kantor pamarènta bân militèr ghi' aghuna'aghi gubuk sè rèyot. Soetran anḍi' usaha ka'angghuy mabhâghus kabâḍâ'en rèya lèbât konsèp tembokisasi. Konsèp sè èkoca'aghi kasebbhut Ngajhâ' masyarakat Trenggalèk ka'angghuy abangun geddhung è sakètar romana bâng-sèbânga. Sampe' taon 1972, hampèr sakabbina roma è Trenggalèk la anḍi' geddhung. Salaèn program tembokisasi, Soetran jhughân menggalakkan rèboisasi è Trenggalèk. Soetran aberri' instruksi ka masyarakat Trenggalèk jhâ' "ta' ollè sajengkal tana sè kosong ḍari tamenan". Kebijakân rèboisasi Soetran ajâghâ wilayah Trenggalèk aman ḍari bencana kakerrèngan sè lanjhâng bân abârrè' tambá'en pendapatân ka Kabupatèn ḍari èkspor kajhu-kajhu akadhi pinus, jâtè, bân akasia. === Paobâ'en nyama Trenggalèk === Neng taon 1971, kalabân alasan ka'angghuy ngobâ citra jhubâ'en Trenggalèk, Soetran ngusullaghi parobâ'en nyama Trenggalèk dhâddhi Trenggalèh. Mènorot Soetran, oca' sè ahèrrè bi' suku oca' -ek ḍâlem bhâsa Jhâbâ anḍi' konotasi sè jhubâ' (conto: jelek/elek, kemenyek, tekek). Soetran ngoca' jhâ' nyama Trenggalèk segghut èkaghâbây bahan èjèk bi' orèng Jhâbâ mènangka singkatân ḍari terang enggone wong elek (jellas-jellas tempattâ orèng jhubâ') dhâddhi Trenggalih, kalabân singkatânna Terang Ing Galih (terrang è atè sadhâjâ). Bânnya' pejabat Trenggalèk sè nolak rencana Soetran kasebbhut. Mereka anḍi' pendapat jhâ' paobâ'en nyama parlo prosès administratif bân birokratik sè cè' malaratdhâ. Maskè ollè tentangan, Soetran tettep ajhâlânaghi rencana bân nèng taon sè padá dhibi'en abântuk tim sè menginvèstigasi asal-usul nyama Trenggalèk, kamunculân sè tartolès awwâl ḍari nyama Trenggalèk, bân kemungkinan anyamaè ulang Trenggalèk kalabân arujuk ka kamunculân sè awwâl ḍâri nyamana. Proyèk rèya tettep èjâlânnaghi pan-bârâmpan taon samarèna Soetran ningghâllaghi jabatân bupati Trenggalèk. Tim kasebbhut berhasil nemmo bân adokumèntasi'aghi awwâl mola berdirina Trenggalèk bân kamunculân awwâl nyama Trenggalèk. Namong, tim kasebbhut nolak usulân ka'angghuy ngobâ nyama Trenggalèk. === Parasamya Purnakarya Nugraha === Polana èyangghep suksès mènangka Bupati Trenggalèk lèbât program namen cengkè, Soetran èpèlè polè mènangka bupati ghâbây pèriode kaduwâ' è taon 1973. È taon 1974, Kabupatèn Trenggalèk narèma pangarghâ'ân `dâri Prèsidèn [[Soeharto]] sè aropa'aghi Parasamya Purnakarya Nugraha,<ref name=":1" /> sèttong pangarghâ'ân ghâbây Bupati/Provinsi kalabân hasèl pembangonan sè palèng bhâgus è bâkto pâlaksanaan Rencana Pembangonan Lèma Taon.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Karl D. |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktP7qHLI8gcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q=Soetran&f=false |title=Political Power and Communications in Indonesia |last2=Pye |first2=Lucian W. |date=1980-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04205-6 |language=en}}</ref> Pengaarghâ'ân panèka ètarèma sareng Gubernur Jhâbâ Tèmor [[Mohammad Noer]] ḍâri Prèsidèn Soeharto è sèttong upacara sè èlaksana'aghi è tangghâl 21 Agustus 1974 è Stadion Tambaksari.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Noer |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qC9wAAAAMAAJ |title=Pamong mengabdi desa: biografi Mohammad Noer |last2=Siahaan |first2=Hotman |date=1997 |publisher=Yayasan Keluarga Bhakti dan Surabaya Post |language=id}}</ref> == Gubernur Irian Jaya == [[Bhengkek:Soetran with regents from Irian Jaya.jpg|jmpl|Presiden Soeharto mèrri' Parasamya Purnakarya Nugraha ka'angghuy Trenggalek ḍâ' Gubernur Jâbâ Tèmor, Mohammad Noer.]] Sa'amponna dhâdhhi bhupatè Trenggalek duwâ' periode, Soetran ètunjuk sareng Menteri Dâlem Negeri Amirmachmud ka'anggghuy dhâddhi Gubernur [[Papua (Wilayah Indonesia)|Irian Jaya]].Soetran èpadhâddhi pejabat gubernur è tangghâl 31 April 1975, ghâbây gântèna Acub Zainal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KompasData |url=https://data.kompas.id/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=data.kompas.id |language=en}}</ref> Masa jabatana sè dhâddhi penjabat gubernur lamarè tèppa' èpon èlantik dhâddhi gubernur definitif è tangghâl 12 Agustus 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PT Kompas Media Nusantara |title=KompasData |url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19369617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215073232/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19369617 |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=KompasData |language=en}}</ref> Masa jabatanna koḍu marè è tangghâl 4 Sèptèmber 1980, tapè polana sobung gântèna gubernur,<ref>{{Cite web |last=PT Kompas Media Nusantara |title=KompasData |url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19484777 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215073233/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19484777 |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=KompasData |language=en}}</ref> masa jabatanna èpaterros sampè' 20 Jânuwari 1981.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvVB-Z85GcC&pg=RA7-PA14 |title=Mimbar |date=1980 |publisher=Departemen Dalam Negeri |language=id}}</ref> === '''Wajib Nanem Cengkè''' === [[Bhengkek:Minister of Internal Affairs handing over the project list to Governor Soetran.jpg|jmpl|Soetran (kanan) menerima DIP Proyek pambangonan Nasional ka'angghuy Provinsi Irian Jaya ḍâri Menteri Ḍâlem Negeri Amirmachmud.]] Sa'amponna dhâddhi penjabat gubernur Irian Jaya, Soetran molay nerapaghi program sè ampon èpon lakoni è Trenggalek kabit pètto' taon. È tangghâl 20 Mèi 1975, Soetran mencanangkan program Wâjib nanem Cengkè (WTC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Administrator |date=1976-12-11 |title=Lain trenggalek, lain di sini |url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/daerah/70670/lain-trenggalek-lain-di-sini |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=Tempo |language=id-ID}}</ref> Soetran berpendapat cengkè bisa mèrri' hasèl sè rajâ ḍâ' penghasèlana ḍaèra Irian Jaya. Polana program kasebhut, Soetran èolok "Gubernur Cengkè".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griapon |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=R-NRAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Lembaga musyawarah adat: 10 tahun terakhir dari 30 tahun awal pemerintahan propinsi di tanah Papua |date=2010 |publisher=Kerjasama Penerbit Arika dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura |isbn=978-602-95705-3-3 |language=id}}</ref> Mènorot èssèna komando sè èpakaloar Soetran, satèyap kopala kalowarga è Irian Jaya è kenning wâjib namen. kalowarga sè oḍi' è dhisa koḍu namen cengkè palèng sakonnè' 20 bhungka, kalowarga sè oḍi' è pèngghir kottha koḍu namen 5—10, bân kalowarga sè oḍi' è kottha koḍu namen palèng sakonnè' 5 bhungka. Kantor-kantor, sakola, asrama, kennenga ibâdâ, bân pramuka jhughân èwajibaghi ka'angghuy namen cengkè. salaèn ḍâri namen skala kènni' sareng penduduk, Soetran jhughân manaddhek kebbhun cengkè sè èkalola sareng pamarènta kabupatèn bân provinsi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Administrator |date=1976-12-11 |title=Lain trenggalek, lain di sini |url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/daerah/70670/lain-trenggalek-lain-di-sini |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=Tempo |language=id-ID}}</ref> Pan-bârâmpan arè sa'amponna program èmolaè, Soetran nyo'on pèssè ḍâri Prèsidèn Soeharto. Parnyo'onanna èkabbhuli, bân Soeharto aberri' hibah atahap sebânnya' 250 juta rupia è tangghâl 20 Novèmber 1975, kalabân 50 juta rupia èberri'i è taon partama. Rencanana Soetran melleya nè-binèna cengkè ka Trenggalèk sè arghâna 35 juta rupia.<ref name=":0" /> Namong, ta' abit sa'ampona èmolaè, proyèk panèka ennas. È dâlem tanam cengkeh sè èlaksanaaghi sareng [[Pegawai negeri sipil|PNS]] è Kantor Gubernur Irian Jaya, namong ra-kèra 10% ḍâri bibit cengkè sè bisa ètamen è taon partama. Orèng ahli pertanian nyata'aghi jhâ' ka ennasân panèka polana instruksi Soetran sè agher bân PNS sè ghita' ngartè carana namen cengkè. Alasan laènna èngghi panèka Soetran ampon alanggar dekrit Mentri Pertanian sè anyata'aghi jhâ' nè-binèna cengkè coma bisa è impor ḍâri empa' kennangan: [[Selokaton, Sukorejo, Kendal|Selokaton]], Branggah Banaran, Bogor, bân Maluku. Kapotosanna Soetran ka'angguy mamaso' nè-binèna cengkè ḍâri Trenggalèk èyangghâp sala raje sabhâb nè-binèna cengkè ḍâri Trenggalèk ghita' toman èteliti kalayakanna.<ref name=":0" /> Julius Ary Mollet, paneliti ḍâri [[Universitas Cenderawasih|Universitas Cendrawasih]], nyala'aghi ka ennasân Soetran è sosialisasi sè korang ka masyarakat. Mènorot Julius, masyarakat dhâddhi ta' segghân sè molonga bân nyuwâllâ cengkè polana koranga sosialisasi tentang kaontonga ḍâri namen cengkè.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KompasData |url=https://data.kompas.id/ |access-date=2026-06-29 |website=data.kompas.id |language=en}}</ref> Sa'ampona Soetran toron dâri kalaghungan Gubernur Irian Jaya, penerussa, [[Busiri Suryowinoto]], atanya kabijaghân Wâjib Namen Cengkè-na. Busiri aghântè'è program Soetran kalabân namen tanaman kakanan, polana èparcajâ cengkè ta' cocok ghâbây wilaya Irian Jaya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Administrator |date=1981-01-24 |title=Busiri, setelah soetran busiri, setelah soetran |url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/daerah/48872/busiri-setelah-soetran-busiri-setelah-soetran |access-date=2026-06-29 |work=Tempo |language=id-ID}}</ref> === Lènḍhu Irian Jaya === È bâkto pamarènta'ana Soetran, Provinsi Irian Jaya èkenning duwâ' lènḍhu kalabân berturut-turut. lènḍhu sè kabidhân, è tangghâl 26 Juniè 1976 bân okoranna 7,1 [[Skala Richter]], alangsong selama saminggu. Akibatâ, 12 kampong rajâ è [[Lembah Baliem]] è nyata'aghi èlang. Kecamatan Kurima, Okbibab, bân Oksibil, Sè sakabbhina bâḍâ è Kabupatèn Jayawijaya, sakabbhina ancor polana lènḍhu. Sampè' kalabân tangghâl 5 Juli 1976, 369 orèng tèmmu sèdhâ bân 5.001 orèng ènyata'aghi èlang.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 Juli 1976 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Ujian Berat Buat Soetran |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/ujian-berat-buat-soetran-1094390 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Samarèna lènḍhu kasebbhut, para penyintas èevakuasi bân ètampong ḍâlem kamp pangungsiân.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KompasData |url=https://data.kompas.id/ |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=data.kompas.id |language=en}}</ref> Seorang pejabat pamarènta'an nghâmbhâraghi kondisi è kamp pangungsiân kasebhut kalabân "marèngès bân tako' ". Sèkrètaris Daerah Irian Jaya, Syarifuddin Harahap, ngèrèmaghi sejumlah radiogram ḍâ' departemen bân perusahaan è Irian Jaya bân mènta mereka ka'angghuy ngèrèmaghi bântowan. Prèsidèn Soeharto nangghâpi kalabân marènta lembaga pamarènta'an ka'angghuy abento' suatu satuan tugas ka'angghuy ngaḍhepi lèndhu kasebhut. bântowan kabidhân sè èberri' èbâghi ḍâ' penyintas sè terisolasi bân klaparan abento' sak [[Sabbhrâng longghâ|obi]] sè è paghâgghâr ḍâri odârâ. Tapè, sejumlah obi sèttong sak ancor polana sak la ancor. È tangghâl 3 Juli, pamarènta [[Papua Nugini|Papua Nugin]]<nowiki/>i abânto proses nyarè bân penyelamatan ḍâlem bento' sebuah pesawat [[Cessna]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 Juli 1976 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Ujian Berat Buat Soetran |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/ujian-berat-buat-soetran-1094390 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Soetran terbang ḍâ' Jakarta è tangghâl 10 Juli ka'angghuy abahas masalah kasebhut kalabân Prèsidèn Soeharto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KompasData |url=https://data.kompas.id/ |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=data.kompas.id |language=en}}</ref> Soeharto mherri' bântowan sebesar 100 juta rupiya ka'angghuy nangani cobhâ'ân kasebhut bân nyata'aghi jhâ' lenḍhu panèka chobâ'ân nasional.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PT Kompas Media Nusantara |title=KompasData |url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19237898 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215073235/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19237898 |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=KompasData |language=en}}</ref> Soetran mengeluhkan laona bhântowana pamerènta ḍâ' chobâ'ân alam kasebhut. È tangghâl 19 Juli, Soetran nyampè'aghi ta' puwasa Soetran kalabân penanganan pamarènta pusat ḍâ' chobâ'ân kasebhut. Ta' puwas polana satgas sè èbènto' sareng pamarènta pusat ghilok dhik ḍâteng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KompasData |url=https://data.kompas.id/ |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=data.kompas.id |language=en}}</ref> Èpon jhughân ngoca' jhâ' sampè' kalabân tangghâl 19 Juli, coma 2 dokter bân 10 perabât sè bâḍâ è kennanga chobâ'ân.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PT Kompas Media Nusantara |title=KompasData |url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19372490 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215073254/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19372490 |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=KompasData |language=en}}</ref> Ḍâlem sebuah pertemuana kalabân Soeharto, Soetran jhughân mengkritisi korangan bhântowana pesawat bân medis sè èberri' sareng pamarènta pusat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PT Kompas Media Nusantara |title=KompasData |url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19461819 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215073250/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19461819 |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=KompasData |language=en}}</ref> Menurut Kantor Koordinasi Orosan Penanggulangan Chobâ'ân Perserikatan Bhângsa-Bhângsa (UNDRO), sampè' kalabân tangghâl 30 Sèptèmber, ra kèra sèttong satengga juta dolar AS ampon èbherri' sareng organisasi ḍâri cem macem naghârâ ka'angghuy nanganaghi chobâ'ân è Irian Jaya. UNDRO ngèra'aghi pamarènta mataḍâ' setidaknya 10 èbu dolar satiyap bulâna ka'angghuy maghâgghâr obi ḍâri oḍârâ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=4 Desember 1976 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Pindah Atau Tidak ? |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/pindah-atau-tidak--1093573 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> [[Lènḍhu|Lèndhu]] sè kaduwâ' è bulân November 1976. Lèndhu kasebhut berdampak ḍâ' [[Ghunong Jayawijaya|paghunongan Jayawijaya]], bân ra kèra 110 orèng seḍhâ polana lèndhu kasebhut. Lèndhu sè nomer duwâ' andi' skala sè lebbhi kecil bân narèma lebbhi dhiddi' peliputan ḍâri media.<ref name=":2" /> === Atokar kalabân Elias Paprindey === [[Elias Paprindey]], panèka birokrat asli Papua, ètoddhu sareng Soetran dhâddhi bâkkèl gubernur ngântè Jan Mamoribo sè sèḍhâ è tangghâl 19 Oktober 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tempo |title=Keputusan Presiden Indonesia Nomor 32/M Tahun 1977 |url=https://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital%2F148437-%5B_Konten_%5D-KEPRES%20NO.%2032-M%20TAHUN%201977.PDF |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111055809/https://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital%2F148437-%5B_Konten_%5D-KEPRES%20NO.%2032-M%20TAHUN%201977.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sa'ampona dhâddhi bâkkèl Gubernur, Paprindey molay atokar kalabân Soetran mengenai proses pembangonan è Irian Jaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 Agustus 1979 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Irian Jaya, 10 Tahun Kemudian |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/irian-jaya-10-tahun-kemudian-1086208 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Paprindey kemudian menuduh jabatan bâkkèl gubernur "tak lebbhi ḍâri simbol belaka".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1980-11-29 |title=Dari Wagub Sampai Trikora |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/dari-wagub-sampai-trikora-1083071 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Bâkto ètanya sareng wartawan ''[[Tèmpo|Tempo]]'' Widi Yarmanto mengenai atokaran kasebhut, Soetran ta' ngako hal kasebhut bân nyata'aghi jhâ' "Hubungan lako [kami] pagghun bhâghus [bân] kalakoan [kami pagghun] bhânjhur."<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 Agustus 1979 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Sesungguhnya Tak Ada Apa-apa |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/sesungguhnya-tak-ada-apa-apa-1086206 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Lamun berita atokaran kashebut èkataoè penduduk, PNS penduduk asli Irian Jaya molay ngungkapaghin katako'ana mereka kalabân pamarènta daerah. Orèng panglako negeri nyata'aghi "Lamun keadaan èḍinna' dèyye to', lebbhi bhâghus kami ḍâ' [[Papua Nugini|PNG]] bhâin."<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 Agustus 1979 {{!}} 00.00 WIB |title=Irian Jaya, 10 Tahun Kemudian |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/irian-jaya-10-tahun-kemudian-1086208 |access-date=2026-07-06 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> [[Bhângsa:Gubernur Papua]] [[Bhângsa:Tokoh TNI]] [[Bhângsa:Bupati Trenggalek]] [[Bhângsa:Kalahèran 1921]] [[Bhângsa:Sèḍhâ 1987]] [[Bhângsa:Sèḍhâ omur 66]] ivmnk8gy3noaj5n71eqtepl5nfgyxqo Kapètèng 0 19448 64899 2026-07-10T13:08:58Z Muufii 2890 Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "[[:id:Special:Redirect/revision/29345132|Kepiting]]" 64899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka <nowiki><i>brachyura</i></nowiki> ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. karakteristik panèka. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, <nowiki><i>kepiting raja</i></nowiki>, bân <nowiki><i>kepiting porselen</i></nowiki> . Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]] . {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (berisi [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] lainnya |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda lainnya (udang, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kelomang anemon laut dalam) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kepiting batu berbulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhir'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kelomang lainnya) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} 7i5qr763uocuuccihs6voqusbc1wbjh 64900 64899 2026-07-10T13:12:15Z Muufii 2890 64900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka ''brachyura'' ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. karakteristik panèka. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, ''kepiting raja'', bân ''kepiting porselen''. Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garwood |first=Russell J. |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232842/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4232842 |pmid=25405073}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (berisi [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] lainnya |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda lainnya (udang, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kelomang anemon laut dalam) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kepiting batu berbulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhir'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kelomang lainnya) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} == Sombher == 81noke8uhs1cjxq3lyap500nnyjv1c4 64904 64900 2026-07-10T13:29:53Z Muufii 2890 64904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spesies}} '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka ''brachyura'' ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. karakteristik panèka. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, ''kepiting raja'', bân ''kepiting porselen''. Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garwood |first=Russell J. |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232842/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4232842 |pmid=25405073}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (berisi [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] lainnya |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda lainnya (udang, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kelomang anemon laut dalam) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kepiting batu berbulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhir'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kelomang lainnya) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} == Sombher == {{Reflist}} tlszosveqjplg5z8lk9yb78s3sr7hfy 64905 64904 2026-07-10T13:31:09Z Muufii 2890 added [[Category:Kèbân]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 64905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spesies}} '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka ''brachyura'' ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. karakteristik panèka. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, ''kepiting raja'', bân ''kepiting porselen''. Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garwood |first=Russell J. |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232842/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4232842 |pmid=25405073}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (berisi [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] lainnya |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda lainnya (udang, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kelomang anemon laut dalam) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kepiting batu berbulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhir'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kelomang lainnya) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} == Sombher == {{Reflist}} [[Bhângsa:Kèbân]] b1rkx2mq0z7pawi1r06d4w9n4si5c45 64906 64905 2026-07-10T13:34:22Z Muufii 2890 /* Rentang taksonomi */ 64906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spesies}} '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka ''brachyura'' ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. karakteristik panèka. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, ''kepiting raja'', bân ''kepiting porselen''. Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garwood |first=Russell J. |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232842/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4232842 |pmid=25405073}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (aèssè [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] laènna |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda laènna (oḍâng, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kalomang anemon tasè' ḍâlem) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kapètèng abulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhèr'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kalomang laènna) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} == Sombher == {{Reflist}} [[Bhângsa:Kèbân]] t3nivr4tnuiu24jqbuswq8z5zha8dwr 64908 64906 2026-07-10T13:45:14Z Muufii 2890 64908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spesies}} '''Kapètèng''' panèka ''krustasea decapod'', èngghi panèka ''brachyura'' ("kapètèng sè nyata") otabâ bânnya' kalompo' è ḍâlem anomura sè semma' sareng ( kalomang bân tarètanna), sè ètandhâi sareng cangkang sè bisa ajâgâ, bâgiyân bunto' sè èsèmpen è bâbâna badan, kamampoan ajhâlân è ka èrèng, bân kabiyasa'an ngètek è cellana bâto. Bâḍâ sè ta' abento' sèttong kalompo' otabâ klad alami, namong ampon èvolusi pan-bârâmpan kalè ḍâri rèncana bhâdhân dekapoda leluhur lèbât karsinisasi, proses abento'na rangakaiyan rèya. Okoranna acem-macem, molaè ḍâri kapètèng kacang, sè lèbârra coma pan-bârâmpan milimeter, kantos kapètèng bâ-labâ Jeppang, kalabân rentang sokona kantos 4 m (13 ft). Bânnya' kapètèng sè oḍi' bhibhâs mènangka omnivora è tasè '; sè laènna panèka herbivora otabâ karnivora khosos, jennis laènna panèka aropa parasit . Sajumbla spèsiès oḍi' è aèng tabâr otabâ habitat non-laut laènna. == Cem-macemma == === Rentang taksonomi === ==== Filogeni ==== Kapètèng bânnè sèttong kalompo' taksonomi tongghâl. <ref name="Keiler 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): an insight into carcinization |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=276 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |bibcode=2015JMorp.276....1K |doi=10.1002/jmor.20311 |pmid=25156549 |s2cid=26260996}}</ref> Sabhâligghâ, salaèn brachḍura (kepiting sè nyata), bâdâ pan-bârâmpan kalompo ' anomura, sè pan-bârâmpan angghutana èsebbhut jhughân "kapètèng" è antarana kalomang, tanduk, ''kepiting raja'', bân ''kepiting porselen''. Kelompok artropoda sè jhâu,''belangkas'', kalabân karapas lapis bhâjâ tapè bhâdhânna bhidhâ, panèka angghuta Chelcerata, kalompo' sè tamaso' bâ-labâ bân [[kalamangghâ]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garwood |first=Russell J. |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason |date=2014 |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4232842/ |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4232842 |pmid=25405073}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=[[Chelicerata]] |sublabel1=''Kambrium Tengah'' |1=[[Xiphosura]] (aèssè [[belangkas]]) [[File:Horseshoe crab (white background).jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Mandibulata]] |2={{clade |1=[[krustasea]] laènna |label2=[[Dekapoda]] |2={{clade |1=dekapoda laènna (oḍâng, lobster) |2={{clade |label1=[[Brachyura]] |sublabel1=''[[Jura Awal]]'' |1=('''kepiting sejati''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C. L. Morrison |author2=A. W. Harvey |author3=S. Lavery |author4=K. Tieu |author5=Y. Huang |author6=C. W. Cunningham |year=2001 |title=Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=269 |issue=1489 |pages=345–350 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |doi=10.1098/rspb.2001.1886 |pmid=11886621 |pmc=1690904 |access-date=2010-03-26 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111946/http://www.biology.duke.edu/cunningham/pdfs/Morrison%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Anomura]] |sublabel2=''[[Trias Akhir]] '' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Porcellanidae |sublabel1=''[[Jura Akhir]]'' |1=('''[[kepiting porselen]]''')<ref name="Keiler 2014"/> [[File:PeerJ_-_Allopetrolisthes_punctatus.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Munididae]] (lobster ''squat'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Parapaguridae]] (kalomang anemon tasè' ḍâlem) |2={{clade |1=[[Lomisidae]] ('''kapètèng abulu''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2016 |title=Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08504001 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lomis hirta dorsal.jpg|75 px]] |2=[[Aeglidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hippidae]] [[File:Emerita analoga cropped.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Kelomang]] |sublabel2=''[[Kapur Akhir]]'' |2={{clade |label1=Lithodidae |sublabel1=''[[Kenozoikum]] akhèr'' |1=('''[[kepiting raja]]''')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2013 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala) |journal=[[Journal of Morphology]] |volume=274 |issue=7 |pages=759–778 |doi=10.1002/jmor.20133|pmid=23508935 |bibcode=2013JMorp.274..759K |s2cid=24458262 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonas Keiler |author2=Stefan Richter |author3=Christian S. Wirkner |year=2015 |title=The anatomy of the king crab Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Hapalogastridae) – new insights into the evolutionary transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08402004 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[File:Lithodes confundens male dorsal plate black background.jpg|75 px]] |label2=[[Paguridae]] |2={{clade |1=''Birgus latro'' ('''[[ketam kenari]]''') [[File:Birgus latro.jpg|75 px]] |2='''''[[Patagurus rex]]'''''<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarkable new true crab-like hermit discovered |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |website=[[Florida Museum]] |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025134235/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/remarkable-new-true-crab-like-hermit-discovered/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Patagurus.jpg|75 px]] |3=(kalomang laènna) [[File:Black Eyed Hermit Crab 20210114 111707 2-6 (cropped).jpg|70px]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Artropoda]]}} == Sombher == {{Reflist}} [[Bhângsa:Kèbân]] 4luvgwuj2s80bd19w8bxpuxdkq8b5p2 Cèṭa'an:Clade 10 19449 64901 2026-07-10T13:16:19Z Muufii 2890 ←Membuat halaman berisi '<noinclude>{{Clade |label1=root |1={{Clade |1=Leaf1 |2=Leaf2 }} }}</noinclude>{{#invoke:Clade|main|style={{{style|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>' 64901 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Clade |label1=root |1={{Clade |1=Leaf1 |2=Leaf2 }} }}</noinclude>{{#invoke:Clade|main|style={{{style|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 12f07cwmw7z74nh3f4qhnpi8tzmynek Modul:Clade 828 19450 64902 2026-07-10T13:20:46Z Muufii 2890 ←Membuat halaman berisi '--[[NOTE: this module contains functions for generating the table structure of the clade tree: The main function is called by the template using the {{invoke}} instruction; the three main functions are: p.main(frame) - opens and closes table, loops through the children of node, main is invoked once and controls the rest, calling ... p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf) - the nuts and bolts; code dealing with each child node p.addLabel(child...' 64902 Scribunto text/plain --[[NOTE: this module contains functions for generating the table structure of the clade tree: The main function is called by the template using the {{invoke}} instruction; the three main functions are: p.main(frame) - opens and closes table, loops through the children of node, main is invoked once and controls the rest, calling ... p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf) - the nuts and bolts; code dealing with each child node p.addLabel(childNumber) - adds the label text now uses templatestyles ]] require('strict') local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} local pargs = {} -- parent arguments local lastNode=0 local nodeCount=0 local cladeCount=0 local leafCount=0 local templateStylesCount=0 local infoOutput local reverseClade = false --[[============================== main function =========================== -- main function, which will generate the table structure of the tree Test version: Usage: {{#invoke:Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN|main|style={{{STYLE|}}} }} Template:CladeN Release version: Usage: {{#invoke:Clade|main|style={{{STYLE|}}} }} Template:Clade ]] function p.main(frame) local cladeString = "" local maxChildren = 20 -- was 17 in the clade/cladex templates local childNumber = 0 local childCount = 0 -- number of leaves in the clade (can use to set bottom of bracket in addTaxon() local totalCount = 0 pargs = getArgs(frame) -- parent arguments infoOutput = p.getCladeTreeInfo() -- get info about clade structure, e.g. lastNode (last |N= child number) --[[ add the templatestyles tag conditionally to reduce expansion size (currently diabled) when added to every clade table, it increases post‐expand include size significantly e.g. the Neosuchia page (or test version) is increase by about 8% (672 bytes each) if template styles added to all pages there are 133 stripmarkers with cladeCount==1 condition, this is reduced to 34 however cladeCount==1 condition interfers with fix for additional line due to parser bug T18700 killing the strip markers also removes backlinks to references using citation templates --]] --cladeString =mw.text.killMarkers( cladeString ) -- also kills off strip markers using citation templates --cladeString = mw.text.unstrip(cladeString) --if cladeCount==1 then cladeString = cladeString .. frame:extensionTag('templatestyles', '', { src="Template:Clade/styles.css" }) .. '\n' --end local tableStyle = frame.args.style or pargs.style or "" if tableStyle ~= "" then tableStyle = ' style="' .. tableStyle .. '"' -- include style= in string to suppress empty style elements end reverseClade =frame.args.reverse or pargs.reverse or false -- a global --ENFORCE GLOBAL FOR DEVELOPMENT --reverseClade = true local captionName = pargs['caption'] or "" local captionStyle = pargs['captionstyle'] or "" -- add an element to mimick nowiki WORKS BUT DISABLE FOR DEMO PURPOSES --cladeString = '<p class="mw-empty-elt"></p>\n' -- open table -- (border-collapse causes problems (see talk) -- cladeString = cladeString .. '{| style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:0;' .. tableStyle .. '"' -- (before CSS styling) -- cladeString = cladeString .. '{| style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;' .. tableStyle .. '"' cladeString = cladeString .. '{|class="clade"' .. tableStyle -- add caption if captionName ~= "" then cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|+ style="' .. captionStyle .. '"|' .. captionName end local moreNeeded = true childNumber = 0 --lastNode = 0 --[[get child elements (add more rows for each child of node; each child is two rows) the function addTaxon is called to add the rows for each child element; each child add two rows: the first cell of each row contains the label or sublabel (below the line label), respectively; the second cell spans both rows and contains the leaf name or a new clade structure a third cell on the top row is sometimes added to contain a group to the right ]] -- main loop while childNumber < lastNode do -- use the last number determined in the preprocessing childNumber = childNumber + 1 -- so we start with 1 local nodeLeaf = pargs[tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |N= local nodeLabel = pargs['label'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |labelN= local newickString = pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |labelN= local listString = pargs['list'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" if listString ~= "" then cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(childNumber, p.list(0, listString), nodeLabel, lastNode) elseif newickString ~= "" then -- if using a newick string instead of a clade structure newickString = p.processNewickString(newickString,childNumber) if nodeLabel == "" then -- use labelN by default, otherwise use root name from Newick string nodeLabel = p.getNewickOuterterm(newickString) -- need to use terminal part of newick string for label end cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(childNumber, p.newick(0, newickString), nodeLabel, lastNode) --lastNode=lastNode+1 -- there is a counting problem with the newickstring elseif nodeLeaf ~= "" then -- if the node contains a leaf name or clade structue --if reverseClade2 then -- cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxonReverse(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode) --else cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode) --end end end local footerText = pargs['footer'] or "" local footerStyle = pargs['footerstyle'] or "" if footerText ~= "" then cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-style="' .. footerStyle .. '"\n|colspan="2"|<p>' .. footerText .. '</p>||' -- note the footer causes a problem with tr:last-child so need either -- (1) use <tfoot> but it is not allowed or incompatable -- cladeString = cladeString .. '<tfoot><tr style="' .. footerStyle .. '"><td colspan="2"><p>' .. footerText .. '</p></td></tr></tfoot>' -- (2) always add footer and use nth:last-child(2) but is this backwards compatible -- (3) if footer= set the style inline for the last sublabel row (more a temp fix) -- (4) set class for first and last element (DONE. Also works well with reverse class) end -- close table (wikitext to close table) cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|}' cladeString = p.addSubTrees(cladeString) -- add subtrees --wrap in div to allow overflow display; new vector skin for mobile has issues (see talk page) if pargs['overflow'] == 'yes' or 1==1 then -- force for all cases local divCSS = ' class="clade"' -- ' style="overflow:auto;"' if string.find(cladeString, divCSS) then cladeString = string.gsub(cladeString, divCSS, "") -- delete CSS styling of inner clades (only want on outer) end return '<div' .. divCSS .. '>' .. cladeString .. '</div>' else return cladeString end --return '<div style="width:auto;">\n' .. cladeString .. '</div>' end --[[ =============================function to add subtrees ========================================== ]] function p.addSubTrees(cladeString) --local pargs = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args local suffix = { [1]="A", [2]="B", [3]="C", [4]="D", [5]="E", [6]="F", [7]="G", [8]="H", [9]="I", [10]="J", [11]="K", [12]="L", [13]="M", [14]="N", [15]="O", [16]="P", [17]="Q", [18]="R", [19]="S", [20]="T", [21]="U", [22]="V", [23]="W", [24]="X", [25]="Y", [26]="Z"} for i=1, 26, 1 do local subclade = pargs['subclade'..suffix[i]] local target = pargs['target'..suffix[i]] or "SUBCLADE_" .. suffix[i] if subclade then if string.find(cladeString, target) then cladeString = string.gsub(cladeString,target,subclade) end end end return cladeString end --[[ -------------------------------------- p.addTaxon() ------------------------------------------ function to add child elements adds wikitext for two rows of the table for each child node, the first cell in each is used for the label and sublabel; the bottom border forms the horizonal branch of the bracket the second cell is used for the leafname or a transcluded clade structure and spans both rows note that the first and last child nodes need to be handled differently from the middle elements the middle elements (|2, |3 ...) use a left border to create the vertical line of the bracket the first child element doesn't use a left border for the first cell in the top row (as it is above the bracket) the last child doesn't use a left border for the first cell in the second row (as it is below the bracket) ]] function p.addTaxon(childNumber, nodeLeaf, nodeLabel, lastNode) --[[ get border formating parameters (i.e. color, thickness, state) nodeParameters for whole bracket (unnumbered, i.e. color, thickness, state) apply to whole node bracket, branchParameters apply to individual branches the branch parameters have a number, e.g. |colorN, |thicknessN, |stateN the node parameters have no number, e.g. |color, |thickness, |state ]] local nodeColor = pargs['color'] or "" -- don't set default to allow green on black gadget local nodeThickness = tonumber(pargs['thickness']) or 1 local nodeState = pargs['state'] or "solid" -- get border formating parameters for branch (default to global nodeParameters) local branchColor = pargs['color'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeColor local branchThickness = tonumber(pargs['thickness'..tostring(childNumber)]) or nodeThickness local branchState = pargs['state'..tostring(childNumber)] or nodeState if branchState == 'double' then if branchThickness < 2 then branchThickness = 3 end -- need thick line for double end local branchStyle = pargs['style'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" local branchLength = pargs['length'] or pargs['length'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- the left border takes node parameters, the bottom border takes branch parameters -- this has coding on the colours for green on black local bottomBorder = tostring(branchThickness) ..'px ' .. branchState .. (branchColor~="" and ' ' .. branchColor or '') local leftBorder = tostring(nodeThickness) ..'px ' .. nodeState .. (nodeColor~="" and ' ' .. nodeColor or '') --The default border styles are in the CSS (styles.css) -- the inline styling is applied when thickness, color or state are change local useInlineStyle = false -- use inline styling non-default color, line thickness or state have been set if branchColor ~= "" or branchThickness ~= 1 or branchState ~= "solid" then useInlineStyle = true end -- variables for right hand bar or bracket --local barColor = "" local barRight = pargs['bar'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0" local barBottom = pargs['barend'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0" local barTop = pargs['barbegin'..tostring(childNumber)] or "0" local barLabel = pargs['barlabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" local groupLabel = pargs['grouplabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" local groupLabelStyle = pargs['grouplabelstyle'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" local labelStyle = pargs['labelstyle'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" local sublabelStyle = pargs['sublabelstyle'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" --replace colours with format string; need right bar for all three options if barRight ~= "0" then barRight = "2px solid " .. barRight end if barTop ~= "0" then barRight = "2px solid " .. barTop end if barBottom ~= "0" then barRight = "2px solid " .. barBottom end if barTop ~= "0" then barTop = "2px solid " .. barTop end if barBottom ~= "0" then barBottom = "2px solid " .. barBottom end -- now construct wikitext local cladeString = '' local styleString = '' local borderStyle = '' -- will be used if border color, thickness or state is to be changed local classString = '' local reverseClass = '' local widthClass = '' -- class to add if using reverse (rtl) cladogram; if reverseClade then reverseClass = ' reverse' end -- (1) wikitext for new row --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' -- (2) now add cell with label if useInlineStyle then if childNumber == 1 then borderStyle = 'border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' --borderStyle = 'border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' else -- for 2-17 if reverseClade then borderStyle = 'border-left:none;border-right:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' else borderStyle = 'border-left:' .. leftBorder .. ';border-bottom:' .. bottomBorder .. ';' end end end if useInlineStyle or branchStyle ~= '' or branchLength ~= "" or labelStyle ~= "" then local branchLengthStyle = "" if branchLength ~= "" then if childNumber == 1 then branchLengthStyle = 'width:' .. branchLength .. ';' -- add width to first element end --if childNumber > 1 then prefix = 'max-' end branchLengthStyle = branchLengthStyle --= prefix .. 'width:' .. branchLength .. ';' .. 'max-width:' .. branchLength ..';' .. 'padding:0em;' -- remove padding to make calculation easier -- following moved to styles.css -- .. 'white-space:nowrap' -- .. 'overflow:hidden;' -- clip labels longer than the max-width -- .. 'text-overflow:clip;' -- ellipsis;' widthClass = " clade-fixed-width" end styleString = 'style="' .. borderStyle .. branchLengthStyle .. branchStyle .. labelStyle .. '"' end if childNumber == 1 then classString= 'class="clade-label first'.. widthClass .. '" ' -- add class "first" for top row else classString = 'class="clade-label' .. reverseClass .. widthClass .. '" ' -- add "reverse" class if ltr cladogram end -- wikitext for cell with label local labelCellString = '\n|' .. classString .. styleString .. '|' .. p.addLabel(childNumber,nodeLabel) -- p.addLabel(nodeLabel) --cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- (3) add cell with leaf (which may be a table with transluded clade content) if barRight ~= "0" then if reverseClade then -- we want the bar on the left styleString = ' style="border-left:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"' else styleString = ' style="border-right:' .. barRight .. ';border-bottom:' .. barBottom .. ';border-top:' .. barTop .. ';' .. branchStyle .. '"' end else if (branchStyle ~= '') then styleString = ' style="' .. branchStyle .. '"' else styleString = '' -- use defaults in styles.css end end classString = 'class="clade-leaf' .. reverseClass .. '"' --[[note: the \n causes plain leaf elements get wrapped in <p> with style="margin:0.4em 0 0.5em 0;" this adds spacing to rows, but is set by defaults rather than the clade template it also means there are two newlines when it is a clade structure (which might explain some past issues) ]] local content = '\n' .. nodeLeaf -- the newline is not necessary, but keep for backward compatibility -- test using image parameter local image = pargs['image'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" if image ~= "" then --content = content .. image -- basic version content = '\n{|class=clade style=width:auto' --defaults to width:100% because of class "clade" .. '\n|class=clade-leaf|\n' .. nodeLeaf .. '\n|class=clade-leaf|\n' .. image .. '\n|}' -- note: the classes interfere with the node counter, so try simpler version with style content = '\n{|style=width:100%;border-spacing:0' --width:auto is "tight"; 100% needed for image alignment .. '\n|style=border:0;padding:0|\n' .. nodeLeaf .. '\n|style=border:0;padding:0|\n' .. image .. '\n|}' end -- wikitext for leaf cell (note: nodeLeaf needs to be on newline if new wikitable) -- but that is no longer the case (newline is now forced) -- the newline wraps plain leaf terminals in <P> with vertical padding (see above) --local leafCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. styleString .. ' |\n' .. content -- the new line causes <p> wrapping for plain leaf terminals local leafCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. styleString .. ' |' .. content --cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString ------------------------------------------- -- (4) stuff for right-hand bracket labels classString='class="clade-bar' .. reverseClass .. '"' local barLabelCellString = '' if barRight ~= "0" and barLabel ~= "" then barLabelCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' |' .. barLabel else -- uncomment following line to see the cell structure --barLabelCellString = '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' |' .. 'BL' end if groupLabel ~= "" then barLabelCellString = barLabelCellString .. '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. ' style="'.. groupLabelStyle .. '" |' .. groupLabel else -- uncomment following line to see the cell structure --barLabelCellString = barLabelCellString .. '\n|rowspan=2 ' .. classString .. '" |' .. 'GL' end --cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- (5) add second row (only one cell needed for sublabel because of rowspan=2); -- note: earlier versions applied branch style to row rather than cell -- for consistency, it is applied to the sublabel cell as with the label cell --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' ----------------------------------- -- (6) add cell containing sublabel local subLabel = pargs['sublabel'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- request in addLabel -- FOR TESTING: use subLabel for annotating the clade structues to use structure information (DEBUGGIING ONLY) --if childNumber==lastNode then subLabel= infoOutput end -- END TESTING borderStyle = '' styleString = '' if useInlineStyle then if childNumber==lastNode then -- if childNumber==lastNode we don't want left border, otherwise we do borderStyle = 'border-right:none;border-left:none;' else if reverseClade then borderStyle = 'border-left:none;border-right:' .. leftBorder .. ';' else borderStyle = 'border-right:none;border-left:' .. leftBorder .. ';' end end end if borderStyle ~= '' or branchStyle ~= '' or branchLength ~= '' or sublabelStyle ~= "" then local branchLengthStyle = "" if branchLength ~= "" then if childNumber == 1 then branchLengthStyle = 'width:' .. branchLength .. ';' -- add width to first element end --if childNumber > 1 then prefix = 'max-' end branchLengthStyle = branchLengthStyle --= prefix .. 'width:' .. branchLength .. ';' .. 'max-width:' .. branchLength ..';' .. 'padding:0em;' -- remove padding to make calculation easier end styleString = 'style="' .. borderStyle .. branchLengthStyle .. branchStyle .. sublabelStyle .. '"' --styleString = ' style="' .. borderStyle .. branchStyle .. sublabelStyle .. '"' end --local sublabel = p.addLabel(childNumber,subLabel) if childNumber == lastNode then classString = 'class="clade-slabel last' .. widthClass .. '" ' else classString = 'class="clade-slabel' .. reverseClass .. widthClass .. '" ' end local sublabelCellString = '\n|' .. classString .. styleString .. '|' .. p.addLabel(childNumber,subLabel) --cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString -- constuct child element wikitext if reverseClade then cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString else cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' cladeString = cladeString .. labelCellString cladeString = cladeString .. leafCellString cladeString = cladeString .. barLabelCellString cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|-' -- add second row (only one cell needed for sublabel because of rowspan=2); cladeString = cladeString .. sublabelCellString end return cladeString end --[[ adds text for label or sublabel to a cell ]] function p.addLabel(childNumber,nodeLabel) --local nodeLabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args['label'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" --local firstChars = string.sub(nodeLabel, 1,2) -- get first two characters; will be {{ if no parameter (for Old method?) --if firstChars == "{{{" or nodeLabel == "" then if nodeLabel == "" then -- Has to be some content for layout, but can use CSS to add it instead. return '' else -- spaces can cause wrapping and can break tree structure, hence use span with nowrap class --return '<span class="nowrap">' .. nodeLabel .. '</span>' -- a better method for template expansion size is to replace spaces with nonbreaking spaces -- however, there is a problem if labels have a styling element (e.g. <span style= ..., <span title= ...) local stylingElementDetected = false if string.find(nodeLabel, "span ") ~= nil then stylingElementDetected = true end if string.find(nodeLabel, " style") ~= nil then stylingElementDetected = true end --TODO test following alternative --if nodeLabel:find( "%b<>") then stylingElementDetected = true end if stylingElementDetected == true then return '<div style=display:inline class=nowrap>' .. nodeLabel .. '</div>' else local nowrapString = string.gsub(nodeLabel, " ", "&nbsp;") -- replace spaces with non-breaking space if not nowrapString:find("UNIQ.-QINU") and not nowrapString:find("%[%[.-%]%]") then -- unless a strip marker nowrapString = string.gsub(nowrapString, "-", "&#8209;") -- replace hyphen with non-breaking hyphen (&#8209;) end return nowrapString end end end --[[=================== Newick string handling function ============================= ]] function p.getNewickOuterterm(newickString) return string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "") -- delete parenthetic term end function p.newick(count,newickString) --start table --'{| style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;border:0;margin:0;' local cladeString = '{|class=clade ' count = count + 1 local j,k j,k = string.find(newickString, '%(.*%)') -- find location of outer parenthesised term local innerTerm = string.sub(newickString, j+1, k-1) -- select content in parenthesis local outerTerm = string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "") -- delete parenthetic term if outerTerm == 'panthera' then outerTerm = "x" end -- how is this set in local variable for inner nodes? outerTerm = tostring(count) -- need to remove commas in bracket terms before split, so temporarily replace commas between brackets local innerTerm2 = string.gsub(innerTerm, "%b()", function (n) return string.gsub(n, ",%s*", "XXX") -- also strip spaces after commas here end) --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(1, innerTerm2, "") -- this needs a lastNode variable local s = p.strsplit(innerTerm2, ",") --oldLastNode=lastNode local lastNode=table.getn(s) -- number of child branches local i=1 while s[i] do local restoredString = string.gsub(s[i],"XXX", ",") -- convert back to commas --restoredString = s[i] local outerTerm = string.gsub(restoredString, "%b()", "") if string.find(restoredString, '%(.*%)') then --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, restoredString, "x") cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, p.newick(count,restoredString), outerTerm, lastNode) -- p.addTaxon(2, p.newick(count,newickString2), "root") else cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(i, restoredString, "", lastNode) --count) end i=i+1 end -- lastNode=oldLastNode -- close table --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. '| style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;" | <br/> \n|}' --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n| <br/> \n|}' -- is this legacy for extra sublabel? cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|}' return cladeString end -- emulate a standard split string function -- why not use mw.text.split(s, sep)? function p.strsplit(inputstr, sep) if sep == nil then sep = "%s" end local t={} local i=1 for str in string.gmatch(inputstr, "([^"..sep.."]+)") do t[i] = str i = i + 1 end return t end -- =================== experimental Newick to clade parser function ============================= --[[Function of convert Newick strings to clade format Usage: {{#invoke:Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN|newickConverter|newickstring={{{NEWICK_STRING}}} }} ]] function p.newickConverter(frame) local newickString = frame.args['newickstring'] or frame.args['newick'] or pargs['newickstring'] or pargs['newick'] --if newickString == '{{{newickstring}}}' then return newickString end newickString = p.processNewickString(newickString,"") -- "childNumber") -- show the Newick string local cladeString = '' local levelNumber = 1 -- for depth of iteration local childNumber = 1 -- number of sister elements on node (always one for root) -- converted the newick string to the clade structure cladeString = cladeString .. '{{clade' cladeString = cladeString .. p.newickParseLevel(newickString, levelNumber, childNumber) cladeString = cladeString .. '\r}}' local resultString = '' local option = pargs['option'] or '' if option == 'tree' then --show the transcluded clade diagram resultString = cladeString else -- show the Newick string resultString = '<pre>'..newickString..'</pre>' -- show the converted clade structure resultString = resultString .. '<pre>'.. cladeString ..'</pre>' end --resultString = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'clade', frame:preprocess(cladeString) } return resultString end --[[ Parse one level of Newick string This function receives a Newick string, which has two components 1. the right hand term is a clade label: |labelN=labelname 2. the left hand term in parenthesis has common delimited child nodes, each of which can be i. a taxon name which just needs: |N=leafname ii. a Newick string which needs further processing through reiteration ]] function p.newickParseLevel(newickString,levelNumber,childNumber) local cladeString = "" local indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber) --levelNumber=levelNumber+1 local j=0 local k=0 j,k = string.find(newickString, '%(.*%)') -- find location of outer parenthesised term local innerTerm = string.sub(newickString, j+1, k-1) -- select content in parenthesis local outerTerm = string.gsub(newickString, "%b()", "") -- delete parenthetic term cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|label'..childNumber..'=' .. outerTerm cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. childNumber..'=' .. '{{clade' levelNumber=levelNumber+1 indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber) -- protect commas in inner parentheses from split; temporarily replace commas between parentheses local innerTerm2 = string.gsub(innerTerm, "%b()", function (n) return string.gsub(n, ",%s*", "XXX") -- also strip spaces after commas here end) local s = p.strsplit(innerTerm2, ",") local i=1 while s[i] do local restoredString = string.gsub(s[i],"XXX", ",") -- convert back to commas local outerTerm = string.gsub(restoredString, "%b()", "") if string.find(restoredString, '%(.*%)') then --cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|y' .. i .. '=' .. p.newickParseLevel(restoredString,levelNumber+1,i) cladeString = cladeString .. p.newickParseLevel(restoredString,levelNumber,i) else cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. i .. '=' .. restoredString --.. '(level=' .. levelNumber .. ')' end i=i+1 end -- end -- end splitting of strings cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '}}' return cladeString end function p.getIndent(levelNumber) local indent = "\r" local extraIndent = pargs['indent'] or mw.getCurrentFrame().args['indent'] or 0 while tonumber(extraIndent) > 0 do indent = indent .. " " -- an extra indent to make aligining compound trees easier extraIndent = extraIndent - 1 end while levelNumber > 1 do indent = indent .. " " levelNumber = levelNumber-1 end return indent end function p.newickstuff(newickString) end function p.processNewickString(newickString,childNumber) local maxPatterns = 5 local i = 0 local pargs = pargs local pattern = pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)..'-pattern'] -- unnumbered option for i=1 local replace = pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)..'-replace'] while i < maxPatterns do i=i+1 pattern = pattern or pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)..'-pattern'..tostring(i)] replace = replace or pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)..'-replace'..tostring(i)] or "" if pattern then newickString = string.gsub (newickString, pattern, replace) end pattern = nil; replace = nil end newickString = string.gsub (newickString, "_", " ") -- replace underscore with space return newickString end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.test2(target) local target ="User:Jts1882/sandbox/templates/Template:Passeroidea" local result = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = target, args = {['style'] = '' } } return result end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[function getCladeTreeInfo() this preprocessing loop gets information about the whole structure (number of nodes, leaves etc) it makes a redundant calls to the templates through transclusion, but doen't affect the template depths; it provides the global lastNode that is used to limit the main while loop --]] function p.getCladeTreeInfo() -- enable proprocessing loop local childNumber = 0 local childCount =0 local maxChildren =20 --info veriables (these are global for now) nodeCount=0 cladeCount=0 leafCount=0 while childNumber < maxChildren do -- preprocessing loop childNumber = childNumber + 1 -- so we start with 1 local nodeLeaf,data = pargs[tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |N= local newickString = pargs['newick'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |labelN= local listString = pargs['list'..tostring(childNumber)] or "" -- get data from |labelN= if newickString ~= "" or nodeLeaf ~= "" or listString ~= "" then --if nodeLeaf ~= "" then childCount = childCount + 1 -- this counts child elements in this clade --[[] for i in string.gmatch(nodeLeaf, "||rowspan") do -- count number of rows started (transclusion) nodeCount = nodeCount + 1 end for i in string.gmatch(nodeLeaf, '{|class="clade"') do -- count number of tables started (transclusion) cladeCount = cladeCount + 1 end ]] -- count occurences of clade structure using number of classes used and add to counters local _, nClades = string.gsub(nodeLeaf, 'class="clade"', "") local _, nNodes = string.gsub(nodeLeaf, 'class="clade%-leaf"', "") cladeCount = cladeCount + nClades nodeCount = nodeCount + nNodes lastNode = childNumber -- this gets the last node with a valid entry, even when missing numbers end end --]] -- nodes can be either terminal leaves or a clade structure (table) -- note: should change class clade-leaf to clade-node to reflect this nodeCount = nodeCount -- number of nodes (class clade-leaf) passed down by transduction + childCount + 1 -- plus one for current clade and one for each of its child element cladeCount = cladeCount + 1 -- number of clade structure tables passed down by transduction (plus one for current clade) leafCount = nodeCount-cladeCount -- number of terminal leaves (equals height of cladogram) -- output for testing: number of clades / total nodes / terminal nodes (=leaves) -- (internal nodes) (cladogram height) infoOutput = '<small>[' .. cladeCount .. '/' .. nodeCount .. '/' .. leafCount .. ']</small>' return infoOutput end function p.showClade(frame) --local code = frame.args.code or "" local code = frame:getParent().args['code2'] or frame.args['code2'] or "" --return code --return mw.text.unstrip(code) --local test = "<pre>Hello</pre>" --return string.sub(test,6,-7) local o1 =frame:getParent():getArgument('code2') or frame:getArgument('code2') return o1:expand() --return string.sub(code,2,-1) -- strip marker \127'"`UNIQ--tagname-8 hex digits-QINU`"'\127 --return frame:preprocess(string.sub(code,3)) end function p.firstToUpper(str) return (str:gsub("^%l", string.upper)) end --[[ function to generate cladogram from a wikitext-like list - uses @ instead of * because we don't want wikitext processed and nowiki elements are passed as stripmarkers (?) ]] function p.list(count,listString) local cladeString = "" --count = count+1 local i=1 local child=1 local lastNode=0--table.getn(list) -- number of child branches (potential) local listChar = "@" if listString:find("UNIQ.-QINU") then -- if wrapped in nowiki mw.addWarning("Stripping content in nowiki tags") listString = mw.text.trim( mw.text.unstripNoWiki( listString ) ) end if string.match( listString, "^*", 1 ) then listChar = "*" end local list = mw.text.split(listString, "\n") cladeString = cladeString .. '{| class="clade" ' while list[i] do list[i]=list[i]:gsub("^"..listChar, "") -- strip the first @ or * list[i]=mw.text.trim(list[i]) -- trim if not string.match( list[i], "^"..listChar, 1 ) then -- count children at this level (not beginning wiht @/*) lastNode = lastNode+1 end i=i+1 end i=1 while list[i] do --[[ pseudocode: if next value begins with @ we have a subtree, which must be recombined and past iteratively else we have a simple leaf ]] -- if the next value begins with @, we have a subtree which should be recombined if list[i+1] and string.match( list[i+1], "^"..listChar, 1 ) then local label=list[i] i=i+1 local recombined = list[i] while list[i+1] and string.match( list[i+1], "^"..listChar, 1 ) do recombined = recombined .. "\n" .. list[i+1] i=i+1 end --cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(child, recombined, label, lastNode) cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(child, p.list(count,recombined), label, lastNode) else cladeString = cladeString .. '\n' .. p.addTaxon(child, list[i], "", lastNode) end i=i+1 child=child+1 end cladeString = cladeString .. '\n|}' mw.addWarning("WARNING. This is a test feature only.") return cladeString end -- =================== experimental wikitext list to clade parser function ============================= --[[Function of convert wikitext lists to clade format Usage: {{#invoke:Module:Sandbox/Jts1882/CladeN|listConverter|list={{{WIKITEXT_LIST}}} }} ]] function p.cladeConverter(frame) pargs = getArgs(frame) if frame.args['list'] or pargs['list'] then return p.listConverter(frame) elseif frame.args['newickstring'] or frame.args['newick'] or pargs['newickstring'] or pargs['newick'] then return p.newickConverter(frame) else local message = "Conversion needs wikitext list or newick string in parameters ''list'' or ''newick'' respectively" mw.addWarning(message) return message end end function p.listConverter(frame) local listString = frame.args['list'] or pargs['list'] -- show the list string local cladeString = '' local levelNumber = 1 -- for depth of iteration local childNumber = 1 -- number of sister elements on node (always one for root) local indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber) -- converted the newick string to the clade structure cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '{{clade' cladeString = cladeString .. p.listParseLevel(listString, levelNumber, childNumber) --cladeString = cladeString .. '\r}}' local resultString = '' local option = pargs['option'] or '' if option == 'tree' then --show the transcluded clade diagram resultString = cladeString else -- show the wikitext list string resultString = '<pre>'..listString..'</pre>' -- show the converted clade structure resultString = resultString .. '<pre>'.. cladeString ..'</pre>' end --resultString = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'clade', frame:preprocess(cladeString) } return resultString end function p.listParseLevel(listString,levelNumber,childNumber) local cladeString = "" local indent = p.getIndent(levelNumber) levelNumber=levelNumber+1 local nowiki = false if listString:find("UNIQ.-QINU") then -- if wrapped in nowiki mw.addWarning("Stripping content in nowiki tags") listString = mw.text.trim( mw.text.unstripNoWiki( listString ) ) nowiki = true end local listChar = "@" if string.match( listString, "^*", 1 ) then listChar = "*" end local list = mw.text.split(listString, "\n") local i=1 local child=1 local lastNode=0 while list[i] do list[i]=list[i]:gsub("^"..listChar, "") -- strip the first @ if not string.match( list[i], "^"..listChar, 1 ) then -- count children at this level (not beginning wiht @) lastNode = lastNode+1 end i=i+1 end i=1 while list[i] do --[[ pseudocode: if next value begins with @ we have a subtree, which must be recombined and past iteratively else we have a simple leaf ]] -- if the next value begins with @, we have a subtree which should be recombined if list[i+1] and string.match( list[i+1], "^"..listChar, 1 ) then local label=list[i] i=i+1 local recombined = list[i] while list[i+1] and string.match( list[i+1], "^"..listChar, 1 ) do recombined = recombined .. "\n" .. list[i+1] i=i+1 end cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|label' .. child ..'=' .. label cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. child ..'=' .. '{{clade' .. p.listParseLevel(recombined,levelNumber,i) else cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '|' .. child ..'=' .. list[i] end i=i+1 child=child+1 end cladeString = cladeString .. indent .. '}}' if nowiki then return mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( '<nowiki>'.. cladeString .. '</nowiki>') --return wrapped in nowiki else return cladeString end end -- this must be at end return p 8tj8mn75yncxi47quf6o8se49gw6ama Cèṭa'an:Clade/styles.css 10 19451 64903 2026-07-10T13:23:34Z Muufii 2890 ←Membuat halaman berisi '/* {{pp-template}} */ body.skin-vector-2022 div.clade, body.skin-minerva div.clade { overflow-x:auto; overflow-y:hidden; } body.skin-minerva div.clade p { font-size:inherit; } table.clade { border-spacing:0; margin:0; font-size:100%; line-height:100%; border-collapse:separate; width:auto; display:table; } table.clade table.clade { width:100%; line-height:inherit; } table.clade td.clade-label { /* the cell with the label */...' 64903 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ body.skin-vector-2022 div.clade, body.skin-minerva div.clade { overflow-x:auto; overflow-y:hidden; } body.skin-minerva div.clade p { font-size:inherit; } table.clade { border-spacing:0; margin:0; font-size:100%; line-height:100%; border-collapse:separate; width:auto; display:table; } table.clade table.clade { width:100%; line-height:inherit; } table.clade td.clade-label { /* the cell with the label */ min-width:0.7em; /* both min-width and width seem to be needed to get consistent behaviour */ width:0.7em; padding:0.1em 0.25em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; border-left:1px solid; /* don't set default colour, helps with green on black monotype skin */ border-bottom:1px solid; white-space:nowrap; } table.clade td.clade-label::before, table.clade td.clade-slabel::before { content: "\2060"; } table.clade td.clade-fixed-width { overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis; } table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover { overflow:visible; } table.clade td.clade-label.first { border-left:none; border-right:none; } table.clade td.clade-label.reverse { border-left:none; border-right:1px solid; } table.clade td.clade-slabel { /* the cell with the sublabel; only use if there is a label */ padding:0.1em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid; white-space:nowrap; } table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover { overflow:visible; } table.clade td.clade-slabel.last { border-left:none; border-right:none; } table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse { border-left:none; border-right:1px solid; } table.clade td.clade-bar { /* the cell with the bar label or group label */ vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; padding:0 0.5em; position:relative; } table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse { text-align:right; position:relative; } table.clade td.clade-leaf { /* the cell with the leaf content (rowspan=2) */ border:0; padding:0; text-align:left; } table.clade td.clade-leaf p { padding-right: 5px; /* spacing from vertical bar */ padding-left: 2px; /* spacing from connecting horizontal bar */ } table.clade td.clade-leafR { /* the cell with the leaf content (rowspan=2) */ border:0; padding:0; text-align:right; } table.clade td.clade-leafR p { padding-left: 5px; /* spacing from vertical bar */ padding-right: 2px; /* spacing from connecting horizontal bar */ } table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse { /* the cell with the leaf content (rowspan=2) */ text-align:right; } table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p { padding-left: 5px; /* spacing from vertical bar */ padding-right: 2px; /* spacing from connecting horizontal bar */ } table.clade:hover span.linkA { background-color: yellow; } table.clade:hover span.linkB { background-color: green; } ca9j8k7noaz4f05cwm7m7ncuz57j9tt Cèṭa'an:Clade/doc 10 19452 64907 2026-07-10T13:41:18Z Muufii 2890 ←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|6000}} {{Lua|Module:Clade}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Clade/styles.css}} <!--- PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE <includeonly> SECTION AT THE END OF THIS PAGE --> This template is used for drawing branching trees with the node and base labels being clickable links. Such diagrams are especially suited to represent evolutionary trees ([[cladogram]]s). ==Basic features== ===Usage=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |la...' 64907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|6000}} {{Lua|Module:Clade}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Clade/styles.css}} <!--- PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE <includeonly> SECTION AT THE END OF THIS PAGE --> This template is used for drawing branching trees with the node and base labels being clickable links. Such diagrams are especially suited to represent evolutionary trees ([[cladogram]]s). ==Basic features== ===Usage=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |label1=Base |1=Node }} </syntaxhighlight> produces {{clade |label1=Base |1=Node }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1={{clade |label1=[[Subtree1]] |1=Leaf1 |label2=Subtree2 |2=[[Leaf2]] }} }} </syntaxhighlight> produces {{clade |1={{clade |label1=[[Subtree1]]&nbsp; |1=Leaf1 |label2=Subtree2&nbsp; |2=[[Leaf2]] }} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1={{clade |label1=Subtree1 |1=Leaf1 |label2=Subtree2 |2=Leaf2 }} }} </syntaxhighlight> produces {{clade |1={{clade |label1=Subtree1 |1=Leaf1 |label2=Subtree2 |2=Leaf2 }} }} Note that the order of the parameters does not matter. Exactly the same output is produced by <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1={{clade |2=Leaf2 |1=Leaf1 |label1=Subtree1 |label2=Subtree2 }} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clade |1={{clade |1=Leaf1 |2=Leaf2 |label2=Subtree2 |label1=Subtree1 }} }} ===Technical background=== The clade template has many features for customising the appearance. Using them optimally requires some understanding of how the template works. The cladogram is constructed using nested HTML tables and the lines of the cladogram are borders of the cells (<code><nowiki><td></nowiki></code> tags). Each clade template creates an HTML table with the elements show as follows: {| class="wikitable" ! Description ! Table cell structure ! Cladogram ! Code using clade template |- | style="width:20%;" |<p>A simple clade structure with a single child node (or leaf).</p><p>This is an HTML table with two rows and two columns. The cells of the righthand column are merged using the rowspan attribute.</p> |style="padding:50px" | {| style="line-height:100%;border:1px dotted red;margin:1px;" |- | style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;text-align:center;" | labelA | rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;padding:0.1em;" | Leaf A |- | style="border:1px dotted green;" | sublabelA |} |style="padding:20px" | {{clade |thickness=3 |label1=labelA |sublabel1=sublabelA |1=LeafA }} |style="padding:20px" |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |thickness=3 |label1=labelA |sublabel1=sublabelA |1=LeafA }}</syntaxhighlight> |- | style="width:20%;" |<p>Replace LeafA with another clade structure.</p><p>A second HTML table is placed inside a the right-hand cell of the outer table.</p> |style="padding:50px" | {| style="line-height:100%;border:1px dotted red;margin:1px;" |- | style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;text-align:center;" | labelA | rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;padding:0.1em;" | {| class="clade" style="line-height:100%;border:1px dotted red;margin:1px;" |- | style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;text-align:center;" | label1 | rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;vertical-align:middle;padding:0 1em;" |leaf1 |- | style="border:1px dotted green;border-left:3px solid black;text-align:center;" | sublabel1 |- | style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;border-left:3px solid black;text-align:center;" | label2 | rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;vertical-align:middle;padding:0 1em;" |leaf2 |- | style="border:1px dotted green;text-align:center;" | sublabel2 |} |- | style="border:1px dotted green;" | sublabelA |} |style="padding:20px" | {{clade |thickness=3 |label1=labelA |sublabel1=sublabelA |1={{clade |thickness=3 |label1=label1 |sublabel1=sublabel1 |1=leaf1 |label2=label2 |sublabel2=sublabel2 |2=leaf2 }} }} |style="padding:20px" |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |thickness=3 |label1=labelA |sublabel1=sublabelA |1={{clade |thickness=3 |label1=label1 |sublabel1=sublabel1 |1=leaf1 |label2=label2 |sublabel2=sublabel2 |2=leaf2 }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |} ===Styling brackets and branches=== The appearance of the cladogram can be customised by changing the border attributes of the HTML cell elements, using the parameters {{para|state}}, {{para|color}} and {{para|thickness}} as shown below: {| class="wikitable" !Description !Template code !Resulting output |- | style="width:25%;vertical-align:top;" | '''Styling brackets''' The thickness, colour and state (solid, dashed, etc.) of bracket lines can be changed using the <code>thickness=</code>, <code>|color=</code> and <code>|state=</code> parameters. |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |label1=Bracket styling |sublabel1=(no suffix) |style1x=background-color:#ffffee; |1={{Clade |label2=color |2={{Clade |color=red |1=A |2=B |3=C }} |label1=thickness |1={{Clade |thickness=3 |1=I |2=J |3=K }} |label3=state |3={{Clade |state=dashed |1=X |2=Y |3=Z }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> | {{clade |label1=Bracket styling |sublabel1=(no suffix) |style1x=background-color:#ffffee; |1={{Clade |label2=color |2={{Clade |color=red |1=A |2=B |3=C }} |label1=thickness |1={{Clade |thickness=3 |1=I |2=J |3=K }} |label3=state |3={{Clade |state=dashed |1=X |2=Y |3=Z }} }} }} |- | style="width:25%;vertical-align:top;" |'''Styling individual branches''' The thickness, colour and state of individual branch lines can be changed using the <code>thicknessN=</code>, <code>|colorN=</code> and <code>|stateN=</code> parameters, where N is the number of the branch to be styled. |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |label1=Branch styling |sublabel1=(append branch number) |style1x=background-color:#eeeeee; |1={{Clade |label2=colorN |2={{Clade |1=black (default) |color1=black |2=red |color2=red |3=blue |color3=blue |4=<nowiki>#00ff00</nowiki> |color4=#00ff00 }} |label1=thicknessN |1={{Clade |1=1 (default) |thickness1=1 |2=2 |thickness2=2 |3=3 |thickness3=3 }} |label3=stateN |3={{Clade |1=solid (default) |state1=solid |2=dotted |state2=dotted |3=dashed |state3=dashed |4=none |state4=none |5=double |state5=double }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> | {{clade |label1=Branch styling |sublabel1=(append branch number) |style1x=background-color:#eeeeee; |1={{Clade |label2=colorN |2={{Clade |1=black (default) |color1=black |2=red |color2=red |3=blue |color3=blue |4=<nowiki>#00ff00</nowiki> |color4=#00ff00 }} |label1=thicknessN |1={{Clade |1=1 (default) |thickness1=1 |2=2 |thickness2=2 |3=3 |thickness3=3 }} |label3=stateN |3={{Clade |1=solid (default) |state1=solid |2=dotted |state2=dotted |3=dashed |state3=dashed |4=none |state4=none |5=double |state5=double }} }} }} |} ===Reverse clade=== The cladograms can also be generated right to left using {{tl|cladeR}}, as shown below. {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{cladeR |reverse=yes |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{cladeR |1=jaguar |2={{cladeR |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{cladeR |reverse=yes |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{cladeR |1=jaguar |2={{cladeR |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} }} }} {{cot|While this has limited value in English Wikipedia, it can be useful for presenting alternative phylogenies}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" |{{clade |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{clade |1=jaguar |2={{clade |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} }} | {{cladeR |label1=alternative topology |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} |2={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} }} |label2=&nbsp; |2={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=&nbsp; |2=&nbsp; }} |2={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> {| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" |{{clade |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{clade |1=jaguar |2={{clade |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} }} | {{cladeR |label1=alternative topology |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} |2={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} }} |label2=&nbsp; |2={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=&nbsp; |2=&nbsp; }} |2={{cladeR |1=&nbsp;}} }} }} }} |} {{cob}} ==Data in Newick format== A common method of presenting phylogenetic data is to use the [[Newick format]]. Many published papers provide data in Newick format in their supplementary materials and several taxonomic and phyogenetic websites provide downloads (e.g. [[Open Tree of Life]]). These Newick strings can be used to generate cladograms in several ways. ===Newick strings as a resource=== Firstly, the [[Newick format]] data can be used to generate the clade structure markup using a text editor or one of several tools. {{clade gallery |align=right|cladogram1={{clade |1={{clade |1=a |2=b}} |2={{clade |1=c |2=d }} }} }} The phylogenetic tree shown to the right is represented by the following Newick and {{tl|Clade}} code * Newick format: <code>((a,b),(c,d))</code> * Clade code: <code><nowiki>{{clade |1={{clade |1=a |2=b}} |2={{clade |1=c |2=d }} }} }}</nowiki></code> The manual procedure for conversion in a text editor is # Replace "(" with <nowiki>"{{clade|"</nowiki> # Replace ")" with <nowiki>"}}"</nowiki> # Edit to replace commas with pipes and numbers # Edit clade labels if needed Fortunately, there are a number of methods for automating this task. # One method is to use the [[User:Jts1882/sandbox/templates/NewickConverter|NewickConverter]] template (see instructions therein). #Alternatively, one can easily generate required clade code by downloading the free Windows utility, 'Claded', via link at http://code.google.com/p/claded, 'Claded' allowing editing of Cladograms using a tree control. #Example of a Perl script to automate the conversion: :::<syntaxhighlight lang="perl"> use constant N=>"\n"; use constant T=>"\t"; my $tree='((a,b),(c,d));'; # get sequence $tree=~s/[\n\r]//g; # loose those spaces $tree=~ s/\:[\.\d]+//g; # loose those lengths while ($tree=~ m/\(/) { foreach my $clade ($tree=~ m/\(([^\(\)]+)\)/g) { my @branches=split /\,/,$clade; s/(\t+)/$1\t/g for @branches; die 'ERROR: degenerate/empty node!'.N if $#branches<1; $tree=~ s/\(\Q$clade\E\)/${\join('','{{clade',N,map(T.'|'.($_+1).'='.$branches[$_].N,0..$#branches),T.'}}')}/; # substitute } pos($tree)=0; } $tree=~s/(\t*)\t\}\}/$1\}\}/g; # lazy fix print $tree; </syntaxhighlight> ===Using Newick strings directly=== The Newick format data can also be added using the {{para|newickN}}, where N refers to the child node (as with other parameters). For instance, the following Newick string <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">((lion,jaguar,leopard),((siberian,bengal)tiger,snow leopard))panthera</syntaxhighlight> can be put in the clade code as in the following example: {{Clade example |align=center |description= |code= |output= |comment= |description1=Simple use of Newick strings |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |label1=Label |1={{clade |label1=big cats |1={{clade |1=clouded leopards |style2=background-color:#ffdddd |newick2=((lion,jaguar,leopard),((siberian,bengal)tiger,snow leopard))panthera |2=Leaf B }} }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |label1=big cats |1={{clade |1=clouded leopards |style2=background-color:#ffdddd |newick2=((lion,jaguar,leopard),((siberian,bengal)tiger,snow leopard))panthera |2=Leaf B }} }} |comment1= *Note that {{para|newick2}} causes {{para|2}} to be ignored. *The red shaded area shows the part of the cladogram generated from the Newick string }} The Newick format data provided [[Open Tree of Life]] and other sources typically has extraneous encoding data. This can be removed using the {{para|newickN-pattern}} and {{para|newickN-replace}} parameters which supply a Lua pattern (similar to Regex) and replacement. The following code uses Newick format data for the genus ''[[Prionailurus]]'' downloaded from using Open Tree of Life ([https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/opentree/argus/ottol@570215/Prionailurus source data]): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |newick1=(Prionailurus_planiceps_ott86166,(((Prionailurus_bengalensis_chinensis_ott198595,Prionailurus_bengalensis_euptilurus_ott547362,Prionailurus_bengalensis_bengalensis_ott5557509,Prionailurus_bengalensis_rabori_ott7067613)Prionailurus_bengalensis_ott280108,Prionailurus_iriomotensis_ott418475),Prionailurus_viverrinus_ott862641),Prionailurus_rubiginosus_ott507541)Prionailurus_ott570215 |newick1-pattern1=([%a_]*)_?(ott[%d]*) |newick1-replace1=''%1'' |newick1-pattern2=Prionailurus_ |newick1-replace2=P._ |newick1-pattern3=bengalensis_ |newick1-replace3=b._ }} }}</syntaxhighlight> produces {{clade |1={{clade |newick1=(Prionailurus_planiceps_ott86166,(((Prionailurus_bengalensis_chinensis_ott198595,Prionailurus_bengalensis_euptilurus_ott547362,Prionailurus_bengalensis_bengalensis_ott5557509,Prionailurus_bengalensis_rabori_ott7067613)Prionailurus_bengalensis_ott280108,Prionailurus_iriomotensis_ott418475),Prionailurus_viverrinus_ott862641),Prionailurus_rubiginosus_ott507541)Prionailurus_ott570215 |newick1-pattern=([%a_]*)_([s?p?%.?_%u%d]*)_?(ott[%d]*) |newick1-replace=''%1'' %2 |newick1-pattern2=Prionailurus_ |newick1-replace2=P._ |newick1-pattern3=bengalensis_ |newick1-replace3=b._ }} }} ==Using a box== You can nest the templates and use links around the text. The entire cladogram can be placed in a box so that text flows nicely around it. You can use {{tl|Cladogram}} to produce the box. {{cladogram|title=Example |caption=Example of {{tl|Cladogram}} |clades={{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%; |label1=[[Neornithes]] |1={{clade |label1=[[Paleognathae]] |1=&nbsp; |label2=[[Neognathae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Neoaves]] |label1= |label2=[[Galloanserae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Anseriformes]] |label2= |2=[[Galliformes]] }} }} }} }} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{cladogram|title=Example |caption=Example of {{tl|Cladogram}} |clades={{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%; |label1=[[Neornithes]] |1={{clade |label1=[[Paleognathae]] |1=&nbsp; |label2=[[Neognathae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Neoaves]] |label1= |label2=[[Galloanserae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Anseriformes]] |label2= |2=[[Galliformes]] }} }} }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> ==Controlling the layout of sisters== When one sister is represented as a leaf node and the other as a labelled subclade, they do not appear to be at the same level. Consider this cladogram: {{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Banksia subser. Sphaerocarpae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Sphaerocarpae'']] (5 taxa) |label2=[[Banksia subser. Leptophyllae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Leptophyllae'']] |2={{clade |1=''[[Banksia telmatiaea]]'' |2=(4 other taxa) }} }} }} Although ''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Sphaerocarpae'' and ''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Leptophyllae'' are sisters, their names are not aligned in the cladogram. If this is considered undesirable, one solution is to use a label in both cases, as shown hereafter, which now shows the sisters at the same level. {{clade |1={{clade |label1=[[Banksia subser. Sphaerocarpae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Sphaerocarpae'']]<!--added label, moved from leaf below--> |1=(5 taxa) |label2=[[Banksia subser. Leptophyllae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Leptophyllae'']] |2={{clade |1=''[[Banksia telmatiaea]]'' |2=(4 other taxa) }} }} }} Another 'trick' is to introduce a dummy clade. The red line in the following example shows where an extra clade has been inserted: {{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Banksia subser. Sphaerocarpae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Sphaerocarpae'']] (5 taxa) |color2=red |2={{clade<!--dummy--> |label1=[[Banksia subser. Leptophyllae|''Banksia''&nbsp;subser.&nbsp;''Leptophyllae'']]<!--moved from 2 to 1 in new clade--> |1={{clade |1=''[[Banksia telmatiaea]]'' |2=(4 other taxa) }} }} }} }} To achieve this, instead of <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1=Sister1 |label2=Sister2 |2={{clade |1=taxon1 |2=taxon2}} }} </syntaxhighlight> which displays as: {{clade |1=Sister1 |label2=Sister2 |2={{clade |1=taxon1 |2=taxon2}} }} use <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1=Sister1 |2={{clade <!--extra dummy clade--> |label1=Sister2 |1={{clade |1=taxon1 |2=taxon2 }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> which displays as: {{clade |1=Sister1 |2={{clade <!--extra dummy clade--> |label1=Sister2 |1={{clade |1=taxon1 |2=taxon2 }} }} }} ==Bracketting and labelling nodes== ===Adding vertical bars and brackets=== To insert a coloured 'bracket' around a set of leaf nodes which follow one another in the generated cladogram: * Add <code>barbeginN=''colour''</code> for the first leaf node, where N is the order of that leaf node within its clade, and ''colour'' is the required colour. * Add <code>barN=''colour''</code> for the remaining nodes other than the last (note that N must be the order of that node within its clade). * Add <code>barendN=''colour''</code> for the last node. {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade| |1={{clade |1=Leaf A |2=Leaf B|barbegin2=green |3=Leaf C|bar3=green |4={{clade |1=Leaf D|barend1=green |2=Leaf E |3=Leaf F|barbegin3=purple |4={{clade |1=Leaf G|bar1=purple |2=Leaf H|barend2=purple }} }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> |output1=<div style="padding:10px 25px"> {{clade |1={{clade |1=Leaf A |2=Leaf B|barbegin2=green |3=Leaf C|bar3=green |4={{clade |1=Leaf D|barend1=green |2=Leaf E |3=Leaf F|barbegin3=purple |4={{clade |1=Leaf G|bar1=purple |2=Leaf H|barend2=purple }} }} }} }}</div> }} The horizontal lines can be omitted by using <code>{{!}}barN=''colour''</code> throughout. Thus the following produces simple vertical bars: {{clade example |code=|output=|comment= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1=Leaf A |2={{clade |1=Leaf B|bar1=midnightblue |2=Leaf C|bar2=midnightblue }} |3=Leaf D|bar3=midnightblue }} </syntaxhighlight> |output1=<div style="padding:10px 25px"> {{clade |1=Leaf A |2={{clade |1=Leaf B|bar1=midnightblue |2=Leaf C|bar2=midnightblue }} |3=Leaf D|bar3=midnightblue }}</div> |comment1= Note that brackets or bars can be applied to internal nodes as well as leaf nodes. So the following code produces the same result. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{clade |1=Leaf A |bar2=midnightblue |2={{clade |1=Leaf B |2=Leaf C }} |3=Leaf D|bar3=midnightblue }} </syntaxhighlight> }} ===Specifying bracket colours=== You can use any of the ways in which colours can be specified in [[HTML]]; e.g. the standard [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colornames.asp colour names], the three or six hex digit notations, such as #FC3 or #F3C630, or the <code>rgb()</code> notation. ===Adding text labels to brackets=== Accessibility guidelines require pages not to rely on colour alone, so it's particularly important to add labels if you have more than one bracket/bar and need to refer to them separately. A couple of methods are available. # Text labels for each bracket/bar can be added using {{tl|Barlabel}} (see instructions at template page). # Use the {{para|grouplabelN}} parameter. This adds a label to the right of the righthand bracket or bar, as shown in the following example. The right hand column illustrates how {{para|grouplabel}} adds an HTML cell to the right of the terminal leaf. {{clade example |code=|output=|comment=Cell structure |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |label1=labelA |grouplabel1=Grouplabel A |bar1=blue |1={{clade |label1=label1 |1=leaf1 |label2=label2 |2=leaf2 }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |label1=labelA |sublabel1=sublabelA |grouplabel1=Grouplabel A |bar1=blue |1={{clade |label1=label1 |1=leaf1 |label2=label2 |2=leaf2 }} }} |comment1= {{{!}} style="line-height:100%;border:1px dotted red;margin:1px;" {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;text-align:center;" {{!}} labelA {{!}} rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;border-right:2px solid blue; padding:0.2em;" {{!}} {{{!}} class="clade" style="line-height:100%;border:1px dotted red;margin:1px;" {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;" {{!}} label1 {{!}} rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;vertical-align:middle;padding:0 1em;" {{!}}leaf1 {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px dotted green;border-left:3px solid black;" {{!}} {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px dotted green;border-bottom:3px solid black;border-left:3px solid black;" {{!}} label2 {{!}} rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;vertical-align:middle;padding:0 1em;" {{!}}leaf2 {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px dotted green;" {{!}} {{!}}} {{!}} rowspan=2 style="border:1px dotted green;padding:0.2em;" {{!}} Grouplabel A {{!}}- {{!}} style="border:1px solid green;" {{!}} sublabelA {{!}}} }} In the example above grouplabel was used to label a bar marking the entire clade. It provided an alternative to labelA. However, if the bar is only applied to some terminals, {{para|grouplabelN}} can be used to mark paraphyletic groups. The following example also demonstrates the use of {{para|grouplabelstyleN}} to apply CSS styling to the grouplabel, in this case the color. {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |grouplabel1=ANA Group |grouplabelstyle1=color:green; |label1='''Angiosperms''' |1={{clade |1=[[Amborellales]] |barbegin1=green |2={{clade |1=[[Nymphaeales]] |bar1=green |2={{clade |1=[[Austrobaileyales]] |barend1=green |2=[[Mesangiosperms]] }} }} }} }} </syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |grouplabel1=ANA Group |grouplabelstyle1=color:green; |label1='''Angiosperms''' |1={{clade |1=[[Amborellales]] |barbegin1=green |2={{clade |1=[[Nymphaeales]] |bar1=green |2={{clade |1=[[Austrobaileyales]] |barend1=green |2=[[Mesangiosperms]] }} }} }} }} }} The {{para|grouplabel}} parameter can be used to add multiple labels with the aid of the {{tl|clade labels}} template. This template uses absolute CSS positioning to determine the placement of the label. When applied to a {{para|grouplabel1}} parameter on the outer clade it behaves very similarly to {{tl|barlabel}}. A simple example to label two groups is shown below: {{clade example|code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |label1=root |1={{clade |1=Leaf 1 |bar1=green |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2 |bar1=green |bar2=red |2={{clade |1=Leaf 3 |2=Leaf 4 }} }} }} |grouplabel1={{clade labels |width=10em; |label1=stem group |top1=20% |color1=green |label2=crown group |top2=70% |color2=red }} }} </syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |label1=root |1={{clade |1=Leaf 1 |bar1=green |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2 |bar1=green |bar2=red |2={{clade |1=Leaf 3 |2=Leaf 4 }} }} }} |grouplabel1={{clade labels |width=10em; |label1=stem group |top1=20% |color1=green |label2=crown group |top2=70% |color2=red }} }} }} The {{para|grouplabel}} parameter can contain any Wikitext or allowed HTML content and this offers a lot of flexibility in customising cladograms. The following example uses {{para|grouplabel}} to add an alternative topology using {{tl|cladeR}}: {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{clade |1=jaguar |2={{clade |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} |grouplabel1=<nowiki/>{{cladeR |label1= |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=}} |2={{cladeR |1=}} }} |label2= |2={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1= |2= }} |2={{cladeR |1=}} }} }} }} }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |label1=''Panthera'' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=snow leopard |2=tiger }} |2={{clade |1=jaguar |2={{clade |1=lion |2=leopard }} }} }} |grouplabel1=<nowiki/>{{cladeR |label1= |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1=}} |2={{cladeR |1=}} }} |label2= |2={{cladeR |1={{cladeR |1= |2= }} |2={{cladeR |1=}} }} }} }} }} }} ===Debugging=== If your cladogram doesn't display brackets/bars as you expected, check that: * You understand the numbering system for the parameters <code>barN</code>, etc. The N must be the same as the number of the child within its clade. Thus typically you should write <code>{{!}}N=''label for leaf''{{!}}barN=''colour for bar''</code>, e.g. <code>{{!}}2=<nowiki>[[Passeridae]]</nowiki>{{!}}bar2=midnightblue</code>. * You have only attempted to apply brackets/bars to ''leaf'' nodes. ==Limitations== ===Label length=== Labels produced by <code>|labelN=</code>, where <code>N</code> is 1, 2, ..., can lead to poor layout of the resulting cladogram. (This does not apply to the text of leaves, i.e. text produced by <code>|N=</code>.) To avoid problems: * Labels should be kept as short as possible to avoid horizontal scrolling of the whole table, ideally a single word * Line breaks (i.e. <nowiki><br/></nowiki>) should not be used. If you need multiple lines, use <code>sublabelN=</code> for the second line. ===Browser differences=== [[File:Cladograms - browser variation.png|thumb|Browser variation: left – most browsers; right – Safari ]] Cladograms are drawn by generating hidden tables. The horizontal and vertical lines making up the tree are actually the edges of table cells. The tables are then drawn by the browser or user agent using its internal algorithms. As these differ from browser to browser, the trees produced will not look the same on all browsers. In particular, {{as of|2017|January|lc=yes}}, there are two algorithms for laying out tables with empty cells, used by two groups of browsers. Most browsers now use the algorithm that produces cladograms like the two on the left in the diagram. Safari (under both MacOS and iOS) uses another algorithm, producing cladograms like the two on the right in the diagram. No automated "fix" for these differences exists at present. If there is a choice over the ordering of the terminal nodes (leaves) of the tree, cladograms look best in a Safari-like browser if as much branching as possible is at the bottom of the cladogram. Typically this is produced by arranging the terminal nodes ''downwards'' on the page in order of their evolutionary divergence. Compare the bottom row of the diagram to the top row. ===Inclusion in books=== There are many known bugs in rendering tables in the software which produces [[Help:Books|Wikipedia books]]; see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Book_tool/Feedback book tool feedback page]. {{as of|2011|July|}} these result in the lines in cladograms not displaying in books. (Cladograms are implemented as HTML tables, which allows complex but hard-to-convert formatting. For an alternative way to include book cladograms, try images.) ===Large cladograms=== There are limitations on the size and complexity of the cladograms which can be drawn: * A maximum of 20 children is allowed per node. <!-- this is arbitrary and can be increased if required)--> {{clade gallery |vertical= |align=right |width=300px |footer1=Example exceeding the expansion depth on the twentieth nested clade template. |cladogram1={{clade |1=1|2={{clade |1=2|2={{clade |1=3|2={{clade |1=4|2={{clade |1=5|2={{clade |1=6|2={{clade |1=7|2={{clade |1=8|2={{clade |1=9|2={{clade |1=10|2={{clade |1=11|2={{clade |1=12|2={{clade |1=13|2={{clade |1=14|2={{clade |1=15|2={{clade |1=16|2={{clade |1=17|2={{clade |1=18|2={{clade |1=19|2={{clade |1=20|2={{clade }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} }} * The Wikimedia software has certain limits on the processing allowed by templates and modules. Large cladograms can potentially exceed some of these limits. ** Post-expand include size. Essentially this is the output of all templates, modules and parser calls. Pages with very large or several large cladograms will occasionally exceed this limit, especially on larger pages with many references and other demands on the system. ** Template expansion depth limit. When a template is used it adds to the expansion depth, once for the template expansion and once for parameter expansion. As a result, template calls can only be nested 20 deep. Because cladograms are built by nesting templates within each other this is a common problem on larger phylogenetic trees. Fortunately there are now ways around this problem (see following section ). ==Techniques for building large cladograms== Because cladograms are build by nesting {{tl|clade}} templates within each other, larger cladograms can exceed the expansion depth allowed by the Wikimedia software. The cladogram on the right fails on the twentieth nested clade template. There are two methods to get around this limitation: * the use of the {{tl|clade sequential}} template and * the use of subtrees within the {{tl|clade}} template. ===Using sequential listing of taxa=== This approach uses the template {{tl|clade sequential}} to list taxa in a [[taxonomic sequence]]. In the following example six taxa are listed sequentially in the template and the cladogram has the first one as the first branch, the second next and so on until the final two are sisters. Because all taxa are added in one template call, this only counts once towards the 20 limit. The downside is that it is not possible to format each level independently. {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade sequential |1=Leaf 1 |2=Leaf 2 |3=Leaf 3 |4=Leaf 4 |5=Leaf 5 |6=Leaf 6 }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade sequential |1=Leaf 1 |2=Leaf 2 |3=Leaf 3 |4=Leaf 4 |5=Leaf 5 |6=Leaf 6 }} |code2=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade sequential |1=Leaf 1 |label2=Clade 2 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2A |2=Leaf 2B }} |3=Leaf 3 |label4=Clade 4 |4={{clade |1=Leaf 4A |2=Leaf 4B }} |5=Leaf 5 |6=Leaf6 }}</syntaxhighlight> |output2={{clade sequential |1=Leaf 1 |label2=Clade 2 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2A |2=Leaf 2B }} |3=Leaf 3 |label4=Clade 4 |4={{clade |1=Leaf 4A |2=Leaf 4B }} |5=Leaf 5 |6=Leaf6 }} }} The second example shows that some substructure can be added to each level with normal use of the {{t|clade}} template. === Using subtrees === This method uses the parameters {{para|target}} and {{para|subclade}} to "modularise" the phylogenetic tree. Each subtree is processed in parallel so they don't contribute to the expansion depth in an additive manner. The limit applies to each tree, but many subtrees can be used. The basic arrangement is illustrated below. The main tree has two subclades, A and B, and subclade B calls a third. {{clade example |decription=|code=|output= |description1x=Basic tree without subclades |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Clade |label1=root |sublabel1=[12/40] |1={{Clade |1=Leaf 1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2.2.1 |2={{clade |label1=Subclade A |1={SUBCLADE_A} |label2=Subclade B |2={SUBCLADE_B} }} }} }} }} |targetA ={SUBCLADE_A} |subcladeA={{Clade |1=Leaf A1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf A2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf A2.2.1 |2=Leaf A2.2.2 }} }} }} |targetB = {SUBCLADE_B} |subcladeB={{Clade |1=Leaf B1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf B.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf B2.2.1 |label2=Subclade C |2={TARGET_C} }} }} }} |targetC = {TARGET_C} |subcladeC={{Clade |1=Leaf C1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf C2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf C2.2.1 |2=Leaf C2.2.2 }} }} }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{Clade |label1=root |sublabel1=[12/40] |1={{Clade |1=Leaf 1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf 2.2.1 |2={{clade |label1=SubcladeA |1={SUBCLADE_A} |label2=SubcladeB |2={SUBCLADE_B} }} }} }} }} |targetA ={SUBCLADE_A} |subcladeA={{Clade |1=Leaf A1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf A2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf A2.2.1 |2=Leaf A2.2.2 }} }} }} |targetB = {SUBCLADE_B} |subcladeB={{Clade |1=Leaf B1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf B.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf B2.2.1 |label2=SubcladeC |2={TARGET_C} }} }} }} |targetC = {TARGET_C} |subcladeC={{Clade |1=Leaf C1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf C2.1 |2={{clade |1=Leaf C2.2.1 |2=Leaf C2.2.2 }} }} }} }} }} The encoding relies on a number of conventions. * The names of the subclades are in uppercase and enclosed in a single brace. This is not absolutely necessary, as long as the names are unique, but some advanced features (e.g. partial tranclusion) rely on this convention. * The parameters {{para|subcladeA}}, {{para|subcladeB}}, ... {{para|subcladeZ}} contain the subtrees in clade structure that will be substituted into the main tree. * The parameters {{para|targetA}}, {{para|targetB}}, ... {{para|subcladeZ}} contain the targets where the subtrees will be substituted. For instance, {{para|targetA|{SUBCLADE_A}}} indicates that the target <code>{SUBCLADE_A}</code> will be replaced by the content of {{para|subcladeA|''content''}}. * The target parameters may be omitted and the default targets are <code>{SUBCLADE_A}</code> and <code>{SUBCLADE_B}</code> for {{para|subcladeA}} and {{para|subcladeB}}, respectively. * The suffixes A-Z were chosen because these parameters don't correspond the other numbered parameters used by the template (e.g. {{para|1}}, {{para|label2}} etc. * The subclades can all be listed in the outer clade template or nested within the appropriate tree. For instance, in the example subclade C is listed at the end of the outer clade template but this could have been nested in the clade template attached to subtree B. An example of a large phylogenetic tree divided into multiple subtrees can be found at {{tl|Phylogeny/APG IV}}. ===Add interactivity with collapsible clades=== {{further|Template:Clade hidden}} Sometimes with large phylogenetic trees it is hard to see the wood for the trees. The cladogram may exceed the screen height making it difficult to see the overall structure and important small clades are too hard to see. A way around this is to collapse the large clades and expand them interactively. The following example shows a simple example to illustrate the principle: {{clade example |code=|output= |code1=<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{clade |label1='''Amphibia''' |1={{clade |1=[[Gymnophiona]] (caecilians) |label2=[[Batrachia]] |2={{clade hidden |id=1 |mode=left |expand-text=(frogs and salamanders) |1=[[Caudata]] (salamanders) |2=[[Anura (frog)|Anura]] (frogs) }} }} }}</syntaxhighlight> |output1={{clade |label1='''Amphibia''' |1={{clade |1=[[Gymnophiona]] (caecilians) |label2=[[Batrachia]] |2={{clade hidden |id=1 |mode=left |expand-text=(frogs and salamanders) |1=[[Caudata]] (salamanders) |2=[[Anura (frog)|Anura]] (frogs) }} }} }} }} A note of caution. The Wikimedia collapsible elements require javascript and are currently disabled in the mobile view. In such cases the whole cladogram will be shown. As with any large phylogentic trees, editors should decide if having a smaller less inclusive tree makes the point more clearly. {{clear}} == Graphical summary == {{Clade/doc/graphic summary}} == See also == *[[Template:Tree list]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||[[Category:Genealogy formatting templates]] [[Category:Chart, diagram and graph formatting and function templates]]}}</includeonly> 8d92oxdyqaxv8mwtfjm049o1ywx6ixa Elias Paprindey 0 19453 64911 2026-07-10T22:12:38Z Oikivivi 2325 ←Membuat halaman berisi 'Elias Paprindey (17 Aghustus 1937 – 5 Aghustus 2004) iyâ arèya seorang politikus ḍari Papua sè dhâddhi Ketua DPRD Irian Jaya ḍari tangghâl 4 Junè 1974 sampè' 1977 bân penjabat samentara Bhâkkèl Gubernur Irian Jaya ḍari taon 1977 sampè' 1980. Ghi' bâkto Hindia Bâlândhâ bân Nugini Bâlândhâ, Paprindey asareng dât-ngodâtân Papua laènna alabân lèbât bâbâ tana ka kakowasa'an Bâlândhâ. Paprindey asareng Bastian Samora, Yulius Wora...' 64911 wikitext text/x-wiki Elias Paprindey (17 Aghustus 1937 – 5 Aghustus 2004) iyâ arèya seorang politikus ḍari Papua sè dhâddhi Ketua DPRD Irian Jaya ḍari tangghâl 4 Junè 1974 sampè' 1977 bân penjabat samentara Bhâkkèl Gubernur Irian Jaya ḍari taon 1977 sampè' 1980. Ghi' bâkto Hindia Bâlândhâ bân Nugini Bâlândhâ, Paprindey asareng dât-ngodâtân Papua laènna alabân lèbât bâbâ tana ka kakowasa'an Bâlândhâ. Paprindey asareng Bastian Samora, Yulius Worabay, Lodewijk Wosiri, bân Bob Warinusi abangun Organisasi Pemuda Irian (OPI). Paprindey ghi' dhâddhi komisaris ḍari organisasi kasebbhut. Paprindey jhughân dhâddhi komisaris (anggota komisi audit) ḍari Batalyon Cenderawasih, organisasi pro-Inḍonèsia è Nugini Bâlândhâ sè agabung kalabân Tentara Nasional Inḍonèsia. È bulân Nopèmber 1959, Paprindey ètangkep bi' pamarènta Hindia Bâlândhâ polana keanggota'enna OPI sè èka'andi'. elbfg0m7vr20xsgcgmw3vkbvh5r1kx9 Ray Dalio 0 19454 64913 2026-07-11T03:26:15Z Ibrohim tijani 4106 ←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Raymond Thomas Dalio''' (lahèr 8 Agustus 1949) panèka tokoh bisnis Amerika Serikat. Salèrana panèka penḍiri ḍana lindung nilai Bridgewater Associates, sè ngator aset US$112 miliar; namong, salèrana toron ḍâri perusaha'an è taon 2017. == Biografi == Ray Dalio laher è tangghâl 8 Agustus 1949, è New York. Salèrana ollè ghellâr sarjana è bidang kauangan dâri C.W. Post College è taon 1971 bân ollè ghellâr master ḍâri Harvard Business S...' 64913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raymond Thomas Dalio''' (lahèr 8 Agustus 1949) panèka tokoh bisnis Amerika Serikat. Salèrana panèka penḍiri ḍana lindung nilai Bridgewater Associates, sè ngator aset US$112 miliar; namong, salèrana toron ḍâri perusaha'an è taon 2017. == Biografi == Ray Dalio laher è tangghâl 8 Agustus 1949, è New York. Salèrana ollè ghellâr sarjana è bidang kauangan dâri C.W. Post College è taon 1971 bân ollè ghellâr master ḍâri Harvard Business School ḍu taon saterrossa. È taon 2017, Ḍalio makalowar buku sè ajuḍul ''Prinsip: Oḍi' & Lalakon'', sè abâhas manajemen perusaha'an bân filsafat investasi. Salèrana seggut acaca parkara tantangan bân kasempadhân sè èadhebbhi naghârâ-naghârâ berkembang è nga' tengnga'na kabâḍâ'ân global sè ta' jellas, è antarana dampak ḍâri ketegangan perḍagangan, teknologi, bân obâ'ân iklim ḍâ' ekonomi global. Salèrana jhughân ngabâsaghi pentinga rèformasi struktural bân inovasi teknologi ḍâlem ajâgâ daya saing ekonomi è masa depan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ray Dalio, Konglomerat AS yang Jadi Pembicara Pembekalan Calon Menteri Prabowo |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/ray-dalio-konglomerat-as-yang-jadi-pembicara-pembekalan-calon-menteri-prabowo-23jXocAQI8b |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> o8zbara0w4e2lgppruc0969xqn05xiu Choky Sitohang 0 19455 64914 2026-07-11T03:51:34Z Ibrohim tijani 4106 ←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Infobox orang}} '''Choky Sitohang''' (lahèr 10 Juli 1980) panèka aktor, parèntèng lampa televisi, bân politisi sè afiliasi sareng Partai NasDem. Choky èkennal kalabân parèntèng lampa olah raga bân musik bân ampon muncul è filem-filem akadhi ''Sang Dewi'' (2007), ''Suka Ma Suka'' (2009), bân ''Cinta tapi Beda'' (2012). == Lako == Choky molaè alako dhâddhi parèntèng lampa berita (arangkep wartawan/jurnalis) è Lativi è taon 2002.<ref>Administ...' 64914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang}} '''Choky Sitohang''' (lahèr 10 Juli 1980) panèka aktor, parèntèng lampa televisi, bân politisi sè afiliasi sareng Partai NasDem. Choky èkennal kalabân parèntèng lampa olah raga bân musik bân ampon muncul è filem-filem akadhi ''Sang Dewi'' (2007), ''Suka Ma Suka'' (2009), bân ''Cinta tapi Beda'' (2012). == Lako == Choky molaè alako dhâddhi parèntèng lampa berita (arangkep wartawan/jurnalis) è Lativi è taon 2002.<ref>Administrator (18 Oktober 2009). "Choky Sitohang Berawal dari Juru Warta". ''Tempo.co''. Diakses tanggal 19 Juni 2010. </ref> Tello taon salastarèna, è tengnga taon 2005, ècastaghi è reality show ''Cepetan Dong''. Namong, sa'amponna pètto' èpisode, Choky kodhu toron ka'angghuy ngalakoni perawatan medis polana Hepatitis A. Ennem bulân saterrossa, Choky molaè alako dhâddhi presenter ḍâri nol. Jak TV e percaja'aghi ka'angguy ngatorragi program ''My World''. Karir Choky èghâdhui momentum sa'amponna Choky co-host ''Good Morning on The Weekend'' èbârengngè [[Ferdi Hasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Copied! |first=Share Link |date=2012-11-06 |title=Choky Sitohang Ingat Saat Masih Susah |url=https://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/choky-sitohang-ingat-saat-masih-susah-c5fb8d.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=KapanLagi.com |language=id}}</ref> Nyamana Choky ongghâ saellana alako neng è liputan Euro 2008. Euro 2008 bânnè manggung sè lughâluna è ḍâlem olah raga; sabellunna Choky ampon aghâdhui program sè èbâgi ḍâ' La Liga (Spanyol), Piala FA, bân Liga Italia. Acara laèn sè èhost sareng Choky è antarana ''Dahsyat'' (RCTI), ''Stardut'' (Indosiar), ''Hits Music'' (RCTI), bân ''Sing a Song'', bân jhughân upacara penghargaan akadhi [[Indonesian Movie Awards 2008]] bân [[pageant Puteri Indonesia]].<ref>Finalis Puteri Indonesia Unjuk Bakat". ''Kapanlagi.com''. Diakses tanggal 13 Agustus 2008. </ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Choky Sitohang Jelaskan Insiden Salah Sebut Nama Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2017 |url=https://www.grid.id/read/04123087/choky-sitohang-jelaskan-insiden-salah-sebut-nama-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2017- |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Grid |language=id}}</ref> è taon 2009, èpadhâddhi host ''Happy Song'', ''Take Me Out Indonesia'', ''Take Him Out Indonesia'' (Indosiar), bân ''Mario Teguh Golden Ways'' (MetroTV). Salaèn jârèya, Choky alako neng è filem komedi ''Suka Ma Suka'', sè èbintangi è bâbâna [[Laudya Cynthia Bella]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1394258/fullcredits/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.imdb.com}}</ref> Salèrana jhughân ajhâlânaghi politik kalabân ajhâlânaghi korsè è ḌPR (ḌPR RI) sè abâkkèllè daèrah pamèlèyan jhâbâ Bârâ' I neng è masa jabadhân 2019–2024 è bâbâ spanduk Partai Perindo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2019-04-11 |title=Cerita Caleg: Choky Sitohang, dari Panggung Televisi Berlabuh ke Panggung Politik |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/04/11/12505231/cerita-caleg-choky-sitohang-dari-panggung-televisi-berlabuh-ke-panggung |access-date=2026-07-11 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Namong, Choky ta' bisa ngaolle korsè è legislatif polana Partai Perindo ta' ètemmoè ambang batas parlemen, sanajân Choky èkaolle 38.132 sowara sè signifikan è daèrana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=IDN |title=Raih Suara Tinggi, Choky dan Giring Tetap Gagal Meluncur ke Senayan |url=https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/debbie-sutrisno/mendapat-suara-tinggi-choky-dan-giring-tetap-gagal-duduk-di-kursi-dpr-nasional |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211207161350/https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/debbie-sutrisno/mendapat-suara-tinggi-choky-dan-giring-tetap-gagal-duduk-di-kursi-dpr-nasional |archive-date=2021-12-07 |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=IDN Times |language=id}}</ref> Saellana jârèya, Choky aoba afiliasi politikna ka Partai Nasdem è taon 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silitonga |first=Yuda Febrian |title=Trio Artis Ibukota Curi Perhatian di Bimtek NasDem Karawang |url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5977630/trio-artis-ibukota-curi-perhatian-di-bimtek-nasdem-karawang |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=detikjabar |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Kaoḍi'ân Pribaḍi == Choky alengghi neng è Banḍung kalabân orèng towana bân tan-taretan binè'na, Cheryl bân Chitra Sitohang. Tanggal 18 Juni 2010, Choky akabin bân Melissa Aryani Anshori sè èkennal dhâddhi Chaca sè ampon ngallè aghâma ḍâri Islam ḍâ' aghâma Kristen è taon 2003, sabellunna pasangan kasebbhut ètemmo bân èkennal è antara taon 2006 bân 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okezone |date=2010-06-12 |title=4 Tahun Pacaran, Choky Sitohang Nikah : Okezone Celebrity |url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2010/06/12/33/342210/4-tahun-pacaran-choky-sitohang-nikah |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=https://celebrity.okezone.com/ |language=id-ID}}</ref> È Tangghâl 13 Maret 2011, Choky nyambhut ana' binè', Chelsea Abigail Victoria Sitohang. Tangghâl 19 Ḍèsember 2014, binèna alahèrraghi pottra kaḍuwâ'na, Cherish Elsa Noela Sitohang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/wz1TMUzTDE/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Tanggal 20 Oktober 2020, Choky bân binèna nyambhut pottra katello', Cherry Rebekah Ariana Sitohang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okezone |date=2020-10-21 |title=Selamat, Choky Sitohang Dikaruniai Anak Ketiga : Okezone Celebrity |url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2020/10/21/33/2296986/selamat-choky-sitohang-dikaruniai-anak-ketiga |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=https://celebrity.okezone.com/ |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Filmografi == === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Taon !Juḍul !Peran !Keterangan |- |2007 |''Sang Dewi'' |Bim | |- |2009 |''Suka Sama Suka'' |Ryan | |- |2012 |''Cinta tapi Beda'' |Oka | |} === Seri web === {| class="wikitable" !Taon !Juḍul !Peran !Produksi |- |2020 |''Kalau'' |Pak Kades |Waterhouse Productions Arwana Citramulia |} == Acara televisi == === Presenter === {{col|2}} * [[Cepetan Dong]] * [[My World]] * [[Made in Indonesia]] * [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2008|Euro 2008]] * [[FA Cup]] * [[Liga Italia]] * [[La Liga|La Liga Spanyol]] * [[Dahsyat]] (RCTI) * [[Stardut]] * [[Hits Music]] * [[Sing a Song]], [[2007]] * [[Indonesian Movie Awards 2008]] * [[Puteri Indonesia]] (2008-2009 (co-host), 2010-2017, 2020-sekarang (host utama)) * Happy Song (2009-2011) * [[Take Me Out Indonesia]] (2009-2010, 2012-2013) * [[Take Him Out Indonesia]] (2009-2010) * [[Take a Celebrity Out Indonesia]] (2010) * [[Mario Teguh Golden Ways]] ([[MetroTV]]) * [[Total Blackout Indonesia]] ([[antv]]) * [[Dancing with the Stars Indonesia]] ([[Indosiar]]) * [[Asing Star]] ([[Trans7]]) * [[Langkah Kecilku]] ([[Rajawali Televisi|B Channel]]) *[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]] ([[antv]]) * [[Everybody Superstar]] ([[Trans TV]]) * [[Panggung Impian]] ([[Trans TV]]) * [[Mikrofon Pelunas Utang]] ([[Indosiar]]) * [[Komunikata|Komunikata Indonesia]] ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]]) * [[Indonesia Sehat]] ([[MNCTV]]) * [[Ruangguru]] Champion 2019 ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]]) * [[Go Healthy]] ([[MetroTV]]) * [[Bincang Etalase]] ([[Kompas TV]]) * [[Pesta Rakyat Simpedes]] ([[Kompas TV]] & [[iNews]]) {{EndDiv}} == Diskografi == === Singel === * Unfailing Love (ft. Chaca Sitohang) (2014) * Nyanyian Cinta (ft. Chaca Sitohang) (2018) == Sejarah elektoral == {| class="wikitable" !Pemilu !Lembaga legislatif !Daerah pamèlèyan ! colspan="2" |Partai politik !Perolehan sowara !Hasèl |- !2019 | rowspan="2" |Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia |Jhabâ Bârâ' I |Partai Persatuan Indonesia |38.132 |{{nowrap|{{cross|15}} '''Tidak Terpilih'''}} |- !2024 |Jhâbâ Bârâ' VI |Partai Nasional Demokrat |''Tidak diketahui'' |{{nowrap|{{cross|15}} '''Tidak Terpilih'''}} |} == Penḍiḍighân == Choky maso' program Hukum è Universitas Katolik Parahyangan è Banḍung è taon 1999 namong ta' lastarè kuliana, polana katarèma alako neng è TV One è taon 2002. Salèrana jhughân maso' ka program Stuḍi Komunikasi è Universitas Bung Karno è taon 2007 namong, polè, ta' lastare.<ref>https://pddikti.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/detail-mahasiswa/DQd5ti9zLXPCrcQnuRzj63zrtTR0VlEZDdV9cSc22e6osHvRCvGwb7SbnKHmb94Z89Syuw==</ref> Namong, èmolaè polè ajhâr è taon 2017 bân lulus è taon 2021.<ref>https://pddikti.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/detail-mahasiswa/5FMwJ4f5xvZ3WZIMvhbgXeWS9u_nxgoc4HidxFOzZPHzysfff_XRO2fztsqcT7yHhW-CZA== </ref> == Referensi == <references /> b75yy2xzlze1to9dojxo771ednnqwuj 64919 64914 2026-07-11T06:49:23Z Muufii 2890 64919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang}} '''Choky Sitohang''' (lahèr 10 Juli 1980) panèka aktor, parèntèng lampa televisi, bân politisi sè afiliasi sareng Partai NasDem. Choky èkennal kalabân parèntèng lampa olah raga bân musik bân ampon muncul è filem-filem akadhi ''Sang Dewi'' (2007), ''Suka Ma Suka'' (2009), bân ''Cinta tapi Beda'' (2012). == Lako == Choky molaè alako dhâddhi parèntèng lampa berita (arangkep wartawan/jurnalis) è Lativi è taon 2002.<ref>Administrator (18 Oktober 2009). "Choky Sitohang Berawal dari Juru Warta". ''Tempo.co''. Diakses tanggal 19 Juni 2010. </ref> Tello taon salastarèna, è tengnga taon 2005, ècastaghi è reality show ''Cepetan Dong''. Namong, sa'amponna pètto' èpisode, Choky kodhu toron ka'angghuy ngalakoni perawatan medis polana Hepatitis A. Ennem bulân saterrossa, Choky molaè alako dhâddhi presenter ḍâri nol. Jak TV e percaja'aghi ka'angguy ngatorragi program ''My World''. Karir Choky èghâdhui momentum sa'amponna Choky co-host ''Good Morning on The Weekend'' èbârengngè [[Ferdi Hasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Copied! |first=Share Link |date=2012-11-06 |title=Choky Sitohang Ingat Saat Masih Susah |url=https://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/choky-sitohang-ingat-saat-masih-susah-c5fb8d.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=KapanLagi.com |language=id}}</ref> Nyamana Choky ongghâ saellana alako neng è liputan Euro 2008. Euro 2008 bânnè manggung sè lughâluna è ḍâlem olah raga; sabellunna Choky ampon aghâdhui program sè èbâgi ḍâ' La Liga (Spanyol), Piala FA, bân Liga Italia. Acara laèn sè èhost sareng Choky è antarana ''Dahsyat'' (RCTI), ''Stardut'' (Indosiar), ''Hits Music'' (RCTI), bân ''Sing a Song'', bân jhughân upacara penghargaan akadhi [[Indonesian Movie Awards 2008]] bân [[pageant Puteri Indonesia]].<ref>Finalis Puteri Indonesia Unjuk Bakat". ''Kapanlagi.com''. Diakses tanggal 13 Agustus 2008. </ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Choky Sitohang Jelaskan Insiden Salah Sebut Nama Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2017 |url=https://www.grid.id/read/04123087/choky-sitohang-jelaskan-insiden-salah-sebut-nama-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2017- |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Grid |language=id}}</ref> è taon 2009, èpadhâddhi host ''Happy Song'', ''Take Me Out Indonesia'', ''Take Him Out Indonesia'' (Indosiar), bân ''Mario Teguh Golden Ways'' (MetroTV). Salaèn jârèya, Choky alako neng è filem komedi ''Suka Ma Suka'', sè èbintangi è bâbâna [[Laudya Cynthia Bella]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1394258/fullcredits/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.imdb.com}}</ref> Salèrana jhughân ajhâlânaghi politik kalabân ajhâlânaghi korsè è ḌPR (ḌPR RI) sè abâkkèllè daèrah pamèlèyan jhâbâ Bârâ' I neng è masa jabadhân 2019–2024 è bâbâ spanduk Partai Perindo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2019-04-11 |title=Cerita Caleg: Choky Sitohang, dari Panggung Televisi Berlabuh ke Panggung Politik |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/04/11/12505231/cerita-caleg-choky-sitohang-dari-panggung-televisi-berlabuh-ke-panggung |access-date=2026-07-11 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Namong, Choky ta' bisa ngaolle korsè è legislatif polana Partai Perindo ta' ètemmoè ambang batas parlemen, sanajân Choky èkaolle 38.132 sowara sè signifikan è daèrana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=IDN |title=Raih Suara Tinggi, Choky dan Giring Tetap Gagal Meluncur ke Senayan |url=https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/debbie-sutrisno/mendapat-suara-tinggi-choky-dan-giring-tetap-gagal-duduk-di-kursi-dpr-nasional |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20211207161350/https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/debbie-sutrisno/mendapat-suara-tinggi-choky-dan-giring-tetap-gagal-duduk-di-kursi-dpr-nasional |archive-date=2021-12-07 |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=IDN Times |language=id}}</ref> Saellana jârèya, Choky aoba afiliasi politikna ka Partai Nasdem è taon 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silitonga |first=Yuda Febrian |title=Trio Artis Ibukota Curi Perhatian di Bimtek NasDem Karawang |url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5977630/trio-artis-ibukota-curi-perhatian-di-bimtek-nasdem-karawang |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=detikjabar |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Kaoḍi'ân Pribaḍi == Choky alengghi neng è Banḍung kalabân orèng towana bân tan-taretan binè'na, Cheryl bân Chitra Sitohang. Tanggal 18 Juni 2010, Choky akabin bân Melissa Aryani Anshori sè èkennal dhâddhi Chaca sè ampon ngallè aghâma ḍâri Islam ḍâ' aghâma Kristen è taon 2003, sabellunna pasangan kasebbhut ètemmo bân èkennal è antara taon 2006 bân 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okezone |date=2010-06-12 |title=4 Tahun Pacaran, Choky Sitohang Nikah : Okezone Celebrity |url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2010/06/12/33/342210/4-tahun-pacaran-choky-sitohang-nikah |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=https://celebrity.okezone.com/ |language=id-ID}}</ref> È Tangghâl 13 Maret 2011, Choky nyambhut ana' binè', Chelsea Abigail Victoria Sitohang. Tangghâl 19 Ḍèsember 2014, binèna alahèrraghi pottra kaḍuwâ'na, Cherish Elsa Noela Sitohang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/wz1TMUzTDE/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Tanggal 20 Oktober 2020, Choky bân binèna nyambhut pottra katello', Cherry Rebekah Ariana Sitohang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okezone |date=2020-10-21 |title=Selamat, Choky Sitohang Dikaruniai Anak Ketiga : Okezone Celebrity |url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2020/10/21/33/2296986/selamat-choky-sitohang-dikaruniai-anak-ketiga |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=https://celebrity.okezone.com/ |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Filmografi == === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Taon !Juḍul !Peran !Keterangan |- |2007 |''Sang Dewi'' |Bim | |- |2009 |''Suka Sama Suka'' |Ryan | |- |2012 |''Cinta tapi Beda'' |Oka | |} === Seri web === {| class="wikitable" !Taon !Juḍul !Peran !Produksi |- |2020 |''Kalau'' |Pak Kades |Waterhouse Productions Arwana Citramulia |} == Acara televisi == === Presenter === <div>{{col|2}} * [[Cepetan Dong]] * [[My World]] * [[Made in Indonesia]] * [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2008|Euro 2008]] * [[FA Cup]] * [[Liga Italia]] * [[La Liga|La Liga Spanyol]] * [[Dahsyat]] (RCTI) * [[Stardut]] * [[Hits Music]] * [[Sing a Song]], [[2007]] * [[Indonesian Movie Awards 2008]] * [[Puteri Indonesia]] (2008-2009 (co-host), 2010-2017, 2020-sekarang (host utama)) * Happy Song (2009-2011) * [[Take Me Out Indonesia]] (2009-2010, 2012-2013) * [[Take Him Out Indonesia]] (2009-2010) * [[Take a Celebrity Out Indonesia]] (2010) * [[Mario Teguh Golden Ways]] ([[MetroTV]]) * [[Total Blackout Indonesia]] ([[antv]]) * [[Dancing with the Stars Indonesia]] ([[Indosiar]]) * [[Asing Star]] ([[Trans7]]) * [[Langkah Kecilku]] ([[Rajawali Televisi|B Channel]]) *[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]] ([[antv]]) * [[Everybody Superstar]] ([[Trans TV]]) * [[Panggung Impian]] ([[Trans TV]]) * [[Mikrofon Pelunas Utang]] ([[Indosiar]]) * [[Komunikata|Komunikata Indonesia]] ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]]) * [[Indonesia Sehat]] ([[MNCTV]]) * [[Ruangguru]] Champion 2019 ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]]) * [[Go Healthy]] ([[MetroTV]]) * [[Bincang Etalase]] ([[Kompas TV]]) * [[Pesta Rakyat Simpedes]] ([[Kompas TV]] & [[iNews]]) </div> == Diskografi == === Singel === * Unfailing Love (ft. Chaca Sitohang) (2014) * Nyanyian Cinta (ft. Chaca Sitohang) (2018) == Sejarah elektoral == {| class="wikitable" !Pemilu !Lembaga legislatif !Daerah pamèlèyan ! colspan="2" |Partai politik !Perolehan sowara !Hasèl |- !2019 | rowspan="2" |Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia |Jhabâ Bârâ' I |Partai Persatuan Indonesia |38.132 |{{nowrap|{{cross|15}} '''Tidak Terpilih'''}} |- !2024 |Jhâbâ Bârâ' VI |Partai Nasional Demokrat |''Tidak diketahui'' |{{nowrap|{{cross|15}} '''Tidak Terpilih'''}} |} == Penḍiḍighân == Choky maso' program Hukum è Universitas Katolik Parahyangan è Banḍung è taon 1999 namong ta' lastarè kuliana, polana katarèma alako neng è TV One è taon 2002. Salèrana jhughân maso' ka program Stuḍi Komunikasi è Universitas Bung Karno è taon 2007 namong, polè, ta' lastare.<ref>https://pddikti.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/detail-mahasiswa/DQd5ti9zLXPCrcQnuRzj63zrtTR0VlEZDdV9cSc22e6osHvRCvGwb7SbnKHmb94Z89Syuw==</ref> Namong, èmolaè polè ajhâr è taon 2017 bân lulus è taon 2021.<ref>https://pddikti.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/detail-mahasiswa/5FMwJ4f5xvZ3WZIMvhbgXeWS9u_nxgoc4HidxFOzZPHzysfff_XRO2fztsqcT7yHhW-CZA== </ref> == Referensi == <references /> ck0xf3jk2s1t9qmg7eave1dgazhe2mm Piala Dhunyya FIFA 2026 0 19456 64915 2026-07-11T06:20:27Z Aan Nuraini 3911 ←Membuat halaman berisi 'Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 20...' 64915 wikitext text/x-wiki Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015.[4][5] Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016.[6] Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka:[7][8][9][10] èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout.[11] Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna.[12] djtns5p060gfrqg4ways40ca0u4d8eu 64916 64915 2026-07-11T06:22:42Z Aan Nuraini 3911 64916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | goals = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | attendance = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|grup=A-L}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui/isi parameter |attendance= pada setiap pertandingan --> | top_scorer = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} }} Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015.[4][5] Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016.[6] Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka:[7][8][9][10] èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout.[11] Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna.[12] ks9qu411eepldivd4q6dd717gf5k4lh 64917 64916 2026-07-11T06:43:37Z Muufii 2890 Muufii ngallèyaghi kaca [[Piala Dhunyyah]] ka [[Piala Dhunyya FIFA 2026]] tanpa aghâbây pangallèyan: Judul salah eja 64916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | goals = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | attendance = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|grup=A-L}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui/isi parameter |attendance= pada setiap pertandingan --> | top_scorer = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} }} Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015.[4][5] Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016.[6] Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka:[7][8][9][10] èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout.[11] Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna.[12] ks9qu411eepldivd4q6dd717gf5k4lh 64923 64917 2026-07-11T08:45:41Z Alfiyah Rizzy Afdiquni 9 64923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | goals = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | attendance = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|grup=A-L}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui/isi parameter |attendance= pada setiap pertandingan --> | top_scorer = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} }} Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015.[4][5] Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016. Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka: èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout.[11] Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna.[12] qdnw7vjtzw7vbko9gd8s7fw8rytrx4a 64924 64923 2026-07-11T08:46:37Z Alfiyah Rizzy Afdiquni 9 64924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | goals = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | attendance = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|grup=A-L}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui/isi parameter |attendance= pada setiap pertandingan --> | top_scorer = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} }} Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara.[1][2] Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final,[3] è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === Format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015. Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016. Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka: èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout. Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna. 01h7wvy0i3csj1hjhux50a23o5m3pm4 64925 64924 2026-07-11T08:47:26Z Alfiyah Rizzy Afdiquni 9 64925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | goals = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | attendance = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|grup=A-L}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui/isi parameter |attendance= pada setiap pertandingan --> | top_scorer = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} <!--Jangan diganti manual! Perbarui di Modul:Goalscorers/data/Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 --> | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|Piala Dunia FIFA 2026}} }} Turnamen panèka èlaksanaaghi molaè 11 Juni kantos 19 Juli 2026, bân èlaksanaaghi sareng 16 kottah è tello' naghara Amerika Utara: Amèrika Serikat, Kanada, bân Meksiko. panèka edisi pertama turnamen sè èlaksanaaghi è tello' naghara. Kaangghuy pertama kalèna è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân turnamen, edisi 2026 bhâkal dhâddhi Piala Dunia FIFA kalabân 48 tim sè noro' è final, è attas dâri 32 tim dâri taon 1998 kantos 2022. Tawaran gabungan 2026 makala tawaran Maroko è bâkto pemilihan akhir è Kongres ke-68 è Moskow. Èngghi panèka Piala Dunia sè partama sajjhek taon 2002 sè èlaksanaaghi sareng lebbi dâri sèttong naghara. Saellana èpadhâddhi tuan rumah turnamen 1970 bân 1986, Meksiko bhâkal dhâddhi naghara pertama sè èpadhâddhi tuan rumah otabâ co-tuan rumah Piala Dunia putra tello kale. Amerika Serikat sè kapèng tello' aghâdhui Piala Dunia è taon 1994, bân panèka bhâkal dhâddhi pertama kalèna Kanada aghâdhui otabâ aghâdhui turnamen lalakè'. Turnamen panèka bhâkal abali ka jadwal musim panas tradisional saamponna edisi 2022 è Qatar, sè èlaksanaaghi è bulân November bân Desember. Turnamen panèka bhâkal èlaksanaaghi jhughân è bâkto 250 taon kamardika'an Amèrika Serikat. Argentina panèka juara bertahan, sè ampon mennang gelar kaangghuy katello' kalèna è taon 2022. === Format === Michel Platini, Presiden UEFA bâkto jârèya, èusulaghâghi kaangghuy nambai jumlah peserta dâ' 40 tim è bulan Januari 2015. Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino aghâbây proposal sè padhâ è bulân Maret 2016. Katerroan kaangghuy nambai turnamen dâri 32 tim èmommaghi è tanggal 4 Oktober 2016. Empa' opsi èpabhâjheng sè èpertimbangaghi panèka akadhi è bâbâ panèka: èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (8 kelompok 5 tim) – 88 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 40 tim (10 kelompok 4 tim) – 76 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (molaè kalabân babak playoff) – 80 pertandingan èpabhâjheng dâ' 48 tim (16 kelompok 3 tim) – 80 pertandingan Tanggal 10 Januari 2017, Dewan FIFA mutusaghi kaangghuy èpabhâjheng turnamen dâ' 48 tim.[3] Turnamen panèka bhâkal èbukka' kalabân babak kelompok sè èpadhâddhi 16 kelompok sè bâdâ 3 tim, kalabân 2 tim sè palèng tèngghi dâri bhân-sabbhân kelompok sè maju ka babak knockout. Jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi bhâkal ètambâi dâri 64 dâddhi 80, namong jumlah pertandingan sè èmainaghi sareng para finalis bhâkal pagghun 7, kalabân 1 pertandingan kelompok èghântè'è sareng pertandingan knockout. Turnamen panèka bhâkal lastare è 32 arè, akadhi sabellunna. qr43rrt29spf27v59qb5gmgb0wqdxly Burombuh organik 0 19457 64918 2026-07-11T06:46:07Z Aan Nuraini 3911 ←Membuat halaman berisi '=== burombu organik === èngghi panèka bhârang sè ta' èghunaaghi polè bân èbuwang sareng sè andi' otabâ pangghuna sabellunna. Sampah organik ghi' bisa èghunaaghi manabi èator kalabân prosedur sè teppa'.[1] Limbah organik bisa ngalami dekomposisi bân èbâgi dâddhi bahan-bahan sè lebbi kenik bân ta' andi' bau (sè serrèng èsebbhut kompos).[2] Kompos panèka hasèlla dekomposisi dâri bahan-bahan organik akadhi dâun, darami, alang-alang, sampah...' 64918 wikitext text/x-wiki === burombu organik === èngghi panèka bhârang sè ta' èghunaaghi polè bân èbuwang sareng sè andi' otabâ pangghuna sabellunna. Sampah organik ghi' bisa èghunaaghi manabi èator kalabân prosedur sè teppa'.[1] Limbah organik bisa ngalami dekomposisi bân èbâgi dâddhi bahan-bahan sè lebbi kenik bân ta' andi' bau (sè serrèng èsebbhut kompos).[2] Kompos panèka hasèlla dekomposisi dâri bahan-bahan organik akadhi dâun, darami, alang-alang, sampah, ghâjheng, bân bahan-bahan laènna sè padâ. Proses dekomposisi limbah organik bisa èpercepat kalabân bhântowan manossa.[3] Sampè' 95 persen sampah organik bisa èghâbây dâri pasar khusus akadhi pasar sayur, pasar buwâ, otabâ pasar jhuko'.[4] Salaèn dâri pasar khusus, 75 persen dâri sampah organik dâtâng dâri kennengngan èpèyara.[4] === Macem rombuh organik === Sampah organik asalla dâri mahlok odhi', è antarana manossa, keban, bân tombuwân.[5] èbâdâ'aghi dâri jenisna, sampah organik bisa èbâgi dâddhi duwâ', èngghi panèka sampah organik sè bâsah bân sampah organik sè kerrèng.[5] Limbah organik sè bâsah panèka limbah sè aghâdhui kandungan aèng sè cokop tèngghi. Conto sampah organik sè bâsah panèka kulit buwâ, sisa kakanan, bân sisa sayur. Samentara jârèya, limbah organik kerrèng panèka bahan organik laènna sè andi' kandungan aèng sè rèndhâ. Conto sampah organik kerrèng èngghi panèka kertas, kaju otabâ ranca'na ka'-bhungka'an, bân dâun kerrèng. === Referensi === 1. Basriyanto, "Memanen Sampah", Kanisius, 9792116680, 9789792116687. 2. Sofian, "Sukses Membuat Kompos dari Sampah", AgroMedia, 9790060165, 9789790060166. 3. Singgih Sastradiharja, "Menanam buah organik", Ganeca Exact, 9791211566, 9789791211567. 4. HR. Sudrajat, "Mengelola Sampah Kota", Niaga Swadaya, 979002021X, 9789790020214. 5. Setyo Purwendro, "Mengolah Sampah u/ Pupuk & Pestisida", Niaga Swadaya, 9790020112, 9789790020115. 3rwzxb6htoudgp0hafn7wetzyu6hy66 Children of Heaven (film 2026) 0 19458 64920 2026-07-11T06:56:44Z Aan Nuraini 3911 ←Membuat halaman berisi 'Children of Heaven panèka filem drama keluarga Indonesia taon 2026 sè èsutradarai sareng Hanung Bramantyo, èbâdâ'aghi dâri filem kalabân asma sè padâ sareng Majid Majidi.[1] Film panèka èbintangi Jared Ali, Humaira Jahra, bân Andri Mashadi. Carètana Ali bân Zahra, sè kodhu abâgi sapatu kaangghuy asakola. Children of Heaven tayang perdana di bioskop Indonesia tanggal 27 Mei 2026. === Sinopsis === Acareta sataretanan Ali ban Zahra, se odhi’ sader...' 64920 wikitext text/x-wiki Children of Heaven panèka filem drama keluarga Indonesia taon 2026 sè èsutradarai sareng Hanung Bramantyo, èbâdâ'aghi dâri filem kalabân asma sè padâ sareng Majid Majidi.[1] Film panèka èbintangi Jared Ali, Humaira Jahra, bân Andri Mashadi. Carètana Ali bân Zahra, sè kodhu abâgi sapatu kaangghuy asakola. Children of Heaven tayang perdana di bioskop Indonesia tanggal 27 Mei 2026. === Sinopsis === Acareta sataretanan Ali ban Zahra, se odhi’ saderhana e penggirra Semarang e taon 1980-an. Saellana sapatuna Zahra elang, se kadhuwa kodu agiliran ngangguy settong pasang kaangguy paggun asakola, dineng Ali nyoba’ nyare sapatu anyar kaangguy ale’na lebat lomba lari. === Pameran === # Jared Ali sebagai Ali # Humaira Jahra sebagai Zahra 26x3u6gueo79ylxo4wy30jux05zzlc5 64921 64920 2026-07-11T07:03:20Z Aan Nuraini 3911 64921 wikitext text/x-wiki Children of Heaven panèka filem drama keluarga Indonesia taon 2026 sè èsutradarai sareng Hanung Bramantyo, èbâdâ'aghi dâri filem kalabân asma sè padâ sareng Majid Majidi.[1] Film panèka èbintangi Jared Ali, Humaira Jahra, bân Andri Mashadi. Carètana Ali bân Zahra, sè kodhu abâgi sapatu kaangghuy asakola. Children of Heaven tayang perdana di bioskop Indonesia tanggal 27 Mei 2026. === Sinopsis === Acareta sataretanan Ali ban Zahra, se odhi’ saderhana e penggirra Semarang e taon 1980-an. Saellana sapatuna Zahra elang, se kadhuwa kodu agiliran ngangguy settong pasang kaangguy paggun asakola, dineng Ali nyoba’ nyare sapatu anyar kaangguy ale’na lebat lomba lari. === Pameran === # Jared Ali sebagai Ali # Humaira Jahra sebagai Zahra # Andri Mashadi sebagai Karim # Faradina Mufti sebagai Fatimah # Muhadkly Acho sebagai Slamet # Oki Rengga sebagai Bowo # Dodit Mulyanto sebagai Suraji # Slamet Rahardjo sebagai Eyang Mulyadi # Reza Nangin sebagai Sutoyo # Benidictus Siregar sebagai Bambang # Erick Estrada sebagai MC maraton # Lolox sebagai Roy # Didik Nini Thowok sebagai Sugito # Varen Arianda Calief sebagai Bara # Astagina Jyoti sebagai Gendis # El Barra Varelino Sky sebagai Ahmed # Sheera Melodia sebagai Yeni # Ari Purnomo sebagai Yatimo # Hani Istiyana sebagai Surti # Agus Kencrot sebagai Soleh # Ayu Prasiska sebagai Sari # Taty Apriliyana sebagai kepala sekolah Zahra # Putri Munjo sebagai Kusnia # Zora Zuraidah sebagai Retno # Lisa Raminten sebagai Sumi # R.A. Untung Basuki sebagai Parto # Rafa Juliano Alfarizqi sebagai Indro # Ojing J. Raharjo sebagai Warso # Abbiyu Gibran Ardhana sebagai Hamid # Ammar Kenzo Al Husain sebagai Agus Sutarso # Muhammad Radika sebagai Purwanto # Hafis Tristanto sebagai Muhammad Ridwan # Zafar Latief sebagai Gunawan Wibisono # Heru Andi Setyawan sebagai Kisno # Pahlawan Kusumaningsih sebagai Tum # Wahyu Dhiarto sebagai Karyo # Claretta Qatrunnada sebagai Rini # Hanindya Ameera Mukti sebagai Titin === Somber === 1. Priherdityo, Endro (29 Mei 2026). "Review Film: Children of Heaven (2026)". CNN Indonesia. Diakses tanggal 5 Juni 2026. 2. Sumarni; Rosana, Tiara (24 Mei 2026). "Curhat Menteri Pendidikan Saat Nobar Children of Heaven: Pakai Sepatu Seminggu Sekali". Suara.com. Diakses tanggal 26 Mei 2026. 3. "Film Children of Heaven tayang di bioskop mulai 27 Mei". Antara Yogyakarta. 20 Mei 2026. Diakses tanggal 26 Mei 2026. 4. Hidayatulloh, Rakhmad (26 Mei 2026). "Review dan Sinopsis Children of Heaven". detik.com. Diakses tanggal 5 Juni 2026. nv7qbv14ryc6fo0dosds0o9477fcqtr Salomé (fèlem 1918) 0 19459 64922 2026-07-11T07:46:09Z Dankkum dunya 3170 ←Membuat halaman berisi '[[Bhengkek:Salome, 1918 - Poster2.jpg|jmpl|Poster fèlem Salome]] '''''Salomé''''' panèka fèlem ''drama buwi'' (bhâsa Inḍonèsia: ''drama bisu'') Amèrika Serikat taon 1918 sè J. Gordon Edwards dhâddhi sutradarana ban William Foz dhâddhi tokang ghâbâyyâ. Fèlem panèka èbintangè sareng Theda Bara, G. Raymond Nye, bân Alan Roscoe. == Jhâlân Carètana == Èjellasaghi è ḍâlem majalah fèlem,<ref>"[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/81-...' 64922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bhengkek:Salome, 1918 - Poster2.jpg|jmpl|Poster fèlem Salome]] '''''Salomé''''' panèka fèlem ''drama buwi'' (bhâsa Inḍonèsia: ''drama bisu'') Amèrika Serikat taon 1918 sè J. Gordon Edwards dhâddhi sutradarana ban William Foz dhâddhi tokang ghâbâyyâ. Fèlem panèka èbintangè sareng Theda Bara, G. Raymond Nye, bân Alan Roscoe. == Jhâlân Carètana == Èjellasaghi è ḍâlem majalah fèlem,<ref>"[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/81-97-1021.pdf Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-81-097-1021, McCall Publishing Company, New York City, New York]". 1981-12-01.</ref> jhâ' Salome panèka acarèta'aghi sèttong orèng binè' sè aghuna'aghi karaddhinanna bân tèpona ka'angghuy ngaollè kakobâsa'an rato Herodes, sè pangaterro sè sanget ghânèka terro èpata'lugghâ sareng orèng binè' panèka. Kalabân kalècèkkenna, Salome bisa manyorot pasaèng otamana Herodes bân nyebbhâbbhâghi kamatèyanna binèna Herodes lèbât panyimpangan sè ella èrancang. Sabâtara ghânèka, Yohanes tokang baptis, tokoh soccè sè anḍi' pangaro rajâ ḍâ' ra'yat kalabân kabângalanna ngoca'è kaoḍi'ân maligi anḍi'in Herodes bân kalakowanna Herodes sè ta' adhâb. Karana ghânèka, Herodes ngokom Yohanes karana èyangghep dhâddhi jhân-ngjjhâni bârontakan. È ḍâlem okoman panèka Salomè atemmu sareng Yohanes, bân langsong lèbur ḍâ' Yohanes. Tapè Yohanes ta' kasokan ḍâ' Salome. Salomè pegghel karana hal ka'ḍinto bân ahèrra dendam. Karana ghânèka, Salome atari kalabân ghuliyân sè memikat, tari sè èkennal mènangka ''Dance of the Seven Veils''sè èyangghuy ka'angghuy aghudhâ Herodes. Rato sè taghudhâ ḍâri tari kasebbhut ahèrra ajhânjhi ngabullaghina paminta'anna Salome, napa'a bhâi. Salomè ahèrra minta cètakka Yohanes Pembabtis mènangka haḍiyana. Ahèrra, kalakowanna Salome ngèba petaka. Sa'amponna ngaollè ponapa sè èkakarep, Salome narèma okoman karana dhusana abâ' dhibi'en. == Panarèma'an == Maskè fèlem ''Salomé'' panèka kalonta, sampè' pan-saponapan bioskop mundhut biaya tambâ'ân ḍâ' panonton sè èntar negghu,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chalmers Publishing Company |url=http://archive.org/details/movingwor39chal |title=Moving Picture World (Jan - Feb 1919) |date=1919 |publisher=New York, Chalmers Publishing Company |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Upson |first=Lent D. |date=1920-02 |title=City Manager in Dayton. By C. E. Rightor, and others. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1919. Pp. 271.) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/city-manager-in-dayton-by-c-e-rightor-and-others-new-york-the-macmillan-company-1919-pp-271/E8017A5F18000853C6977776906A69A1 |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=180–181 |doi=10.2307/1945753 |issn=1537-5943}}</ref> fèlem panèka jhughân nimbullaghi kontroversi sè abâk rajâ. Contona è St. Louis, Missouri, pan-saponapan gereja ḍâri cem-macem denominasi jhung-rojhung ka'angghuy ta' narèma bâḍâna fèlem panèka.<ref name=":0" /> == Sombher == 4qmxklev95w8ox43n4b7uffu6qav3co Ès Lèmbur Khas Madura 0 19460 64926 2026-07-11T09:57:20Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 ←Membuat halaman berisi 'ès Lèmbur aropa'aghi nom-ènoman khas Madhurâ sè èkaghabây ḍâri ḍhâghinga nyèyor ngoḍâ, ghulâ mèra caèr, ès bâto, bân aènga nyèyor ngoḍâ. Camporan ḍâri bahan-bahan rèya sè nyèpta'aghi rassa manès alami bân rassa seggher sè unik. ènoman rèya âberri' sènsasi cellep bân lembu' sè seggher.' 64926 wikitext text/x-wiki ès Lèmbur aropa'aghi nom-ènoman khas Madhurâ sè èkaghabây ḍâri ḍhâghinga nyèyor ngoḍâ, ghulâ mèra caèr, ès bâto, bân aènga nyèyor ngoḍâ. Camporan ḍâri bahan-bahan rèya sè nyèpta'aghi rassa manès alami bân rassa seggher sè unik. ènoman rèya âberri' sènsasi cellep bân lembu' sè seggher. sderl9547pwh6n54o6egasfx3g0u1ul