Joko Widodo

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Ir. H. '''Joko Widodo''' (Madhurâ: ''ꦗꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦮꦶꦢꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴ'') (bhâsa Inḍonesia: [dʒɔkɔ widɔdɔ]; lahèr 21 junè 1961) panèka prèsiḍen [[Inḍonesia]] sè ngabidin sajjek tangghâl 20 Oktober 2014. È pèlè dâlem phâmilu prèsiden 2014, Jokowi dhâddhi panèka Inḍonesia partama sè benni ḍâri kalangan politik otabhâ Inḍonesia. Kapèlè dhâddhi sareng bâkkèl prèsiden Jusuf Kalla bân èpèlè polè sareng bâkkèl prèsiden Ma’ruf Amin dâlem phâmilu prèsiden 2019. Sabellumma Jokowi toman dhâddhi gubernur Jakarta sajjhek 15 Oktober 2012 sampè’ 16 Oktober 2014 è kancaèh Basuki Tjahaja Purnama mènangka bâkkèl gubernur. Sabellummah polè Jokowi toman dhâddhi Wâlli kottah Surakarta, sajjhek tangghâl 28 Julè 2005 sampè’ 1 Oktober 2012, è kancaèh ''' '''F.X. Hadi  Rudyatmo mènangka bâkkèl Wâlli kottah.&lt;ref&gt;suara merdeka, [http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0505/13/slo06.htm Diingatkan, Joko Widodo Urung Tampil], aksès tangghâl 21 Ḍèsèmber 2022&lt;/ref&gt; Dutaon ajhâleni pârèodhâ kaduâna dhâddhi Wâlli kottah Surakarta, Jokowi è tunjhu’ bi’ partaiah, panèka Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P), kaangghuy asaèng ḍâlem pilkada DKI Jakarta 2012 apasangan sareng Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.

Joko  Widodo asallah ḍâri katoronan orèng sederhana, romanah toman è gusur tello kalèh è bhâktoh gi’ kèni’, tatapènah dhibi’na mampo mamarèh sakolanah nèng Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada.&lt;ref&gt;Yon Thayrun, berita satu, [http://www.beritasatu.com/mobile/hiburan/41934-jokowi-anak-tergusur-mau-jadi-gubernur.html Jokowi. Pemimpin Rakyat Berjiwa Rocker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626205042/http://www.beritasatu.com/mobile/hiburan/41934-jokowi-anak-tergusur-mau-jadi-gubernur.html |date=2012-06-26 }}, aksès tangghâl

29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Saampona lulus, dhibi’na anegghuni propèsina dhâddhi pangosaha mèbel. Karèr politikghâ è molaèh sajjek dhâddhi Wâlli kottah Surakarta 2005. &lt;ref&gt;detiknews, [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-391254/hasil-akhir-jago-pdip-unggul-pilkada-di-solo-dan-sukoharjo Hasil Akhir, Jago PDIP Unggul Pilkada di Solo dan Sukoharjo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205192020/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-391254/hasil-akhir-jago-pdip-unggul-pilkada-di-solo-dan-sukoharjo |date=2020-12-05 }}, aksés tangghâl 6 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt;Asmana molaè è kennal nalèkana è angghâp bisa ngobe moah Surakarta dhâddhi kottah pariwisata, kottah bhudhâjâ, bân kottah bhâtèk  sè populèr.&lt;ref&gt;princeton university,[https://www.princeton.edu/successfulsocieties/content/data/policy_note/PN_id199/Policy_Note_ID199.pdf DEFUSING A VOLATILE CITY, IGNITING REFORMS: JOKO WIDODO AND SURAKARTA, INDONESIA, 2005 – 2011], aksés tangghâl 6 Aprél 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ka tangghâl 20 Sèptèmber 2012, Jokowi bârhasèl amennanghi pilkada Jakarta 2012. Kamennangan panèka è angghâp acerminnaghi dukhungan popular kaangghuy pamimpin sè  “godhâ” bân ”bhersè”, makèh omorrah ampon lebbhi ḍâri 50 taon.

Sajjek kapèlè dhâddhi gubernur, popularètasseh sajen naè’ bân dhâddhi sorothân mèdia.&lt;ref&gt;Kate Lamb, SBSNews, [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/jokowi-enters-indonesias-political-race/4kriuwghg Jokowi enters Indonesia's political race], aksés tangghâl 15 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Saèngghâ, angghâl wacana kaangghuy ècalonnaghi prèsiden nèng pemilu prèsiden 2014.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad Hasits, merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/politik/muncul-gerakan-di-facebook-memaksa-jokowi-nyapres-2014.html Muncul gerakan di Facebook memaksa Jokowi nyapres 2014,] aksés tangghâl 15 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ètambhâh polè, hasèl survèi anunjuaghi asma Jokowi terros ungghul. Awwâllâh, katoa  umum  PDI-P   Megawati Soekarnoputri anyata’aghi je’ ta’ aparengah onèng callon prèsiden ḍâri PDI-P sampè’ salastarèna pemilu lègislatip 2014.&lt;ref&gt;Riza Harahap, ANTARANEWS,com, [https://www.antaranews.com/berita/413438/pdip-umumkan-capres-setelah-pemilu-legislatif PDIP umumkan capres setelah Pemilu Laegislatif], aksés tangghâl 15 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Nèng tangghâl 14 Maret 2014, Jokowi narèma mandat ḍâri Megawati kaanghhuy maju dhâddhi callon prèsiden, tello mèngghu sabellum lègislatip bân duarèh sabellum kampanye.&lt;ref&gt;Joe Cochrane, The New Work Times, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/15/world/asia/jakarta-governor-joko-widodo.html Governor of Jakarta Receives His Party’s Nod for President], aksés tangghâl 4 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bâkto kènè’ bân kalowargana ==
Joko  Widodo bhâbbhâr ḍâri lakèh binih Widjiatno Notomihardjo bân Sudjiatmi'''.''' dhibi’na aropa’aghi potra wa’towa’an bân tungsèttongah ḍâri empa’ satarètanan. dhibi’na andi’ tello’ alè’ bini’ sè asmana Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati, bân Titik Relawati.&lt;ref&gt;Fiddy Anggriawan, okezone.com, [http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/09/20/505/692389/jokowi-kenalkan-adik-dan-ibu-kandungnya-ke-publik Jokowi Kenalkan Adik dan Ibu Kandungnya ke Publik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920193221/http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/09/20/505/692389/jokowi-kenalkan-adik-dan-ibu-kandungnya-ke-publik |date=2012-09-20 }},  aksés tangghâl 29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Sanyatana Jokowi gedhuen alè’ lakèk sè asmana Joko Lukito kèn sèdhâh nalèkana è bhâkto rèmbi’. Sabellum aghântèh nyamah, Joko Widodo andi’ nyamah kèni’ Mulyono. Abanah ḍâri Karanganyar, samantara emba lakèk bân emba bini’ ḍâri dhisah Boyolali.&lt;ref&gt;Adhi M Daryono, METROTVNEWS.COM[http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/24/245340/dihadapan-pimpinan-muhammadiyah-jokowi-bantah-anti-islam , Dihadapan Pimpinan Muhammadiyah, Jokowi Bantah Anti Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723172409/http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/24/245340/dihadapan-pimpinan-muhammadiyah-jokowi-bantah-anti-islam |date=2015-07-23 }}, aksés tangghâl 6 Ḍésémbér 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Pandidikannah è awwâlli kalabhân maso’ SD Negeri 112 Tirtoyoso sè èkennal mènangka sakolaan pertengaan kabhâbhâ.

Kalabân mellasâh odhi’ sè èjhâlânè, dhibi’na kapaksah ka’angghuy adhâghâng, ngojèk pajung, bân dhâddhi koli pangghul ka’angghuy bhândhâh dhibi’ kaparloan sakolah bân sangoh jhâjhân pân arèna. Nalèkana orèng laèn asapèdaan ka sakolanah, dhibi’na mèlè jhâlân sokoh. Mawârisih kaahlien tokang kajhuh ḍâri abanah, dhibi’na molaè alakoh dhâddhi ngerejih nèng omor 12 taon.&lt;ref&gt;inilahcom, '''[http://metropolitan.inilah.com/read/detail/1882818/dari-bantaran-kali-menuju-dki-1 Dari Bantaran Kali Menuju DKI-1],''' aksés tangghâl 29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi kèni’ ampon ngalamih gusuren roma tello kalèh. Panggusuren sè è alamih bhâkto gi’ kèni’ ngobe cara pèkkèrrah bân kapemimpinannah paghi’ saampona dhâddhi Wâlli kottah Surakarta bâjâ kodhu atartèppaghi pamukèman warga.&lt;ref&gt;Indah Aprilin Cahyani, Tribunnews.com, [https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2019/11/09/sebutan-jokowi-ternyata-dicetuskan-oleh-bernard-chene-sahabat-presiden-joko-widodo-dari-prancis Sebutan 'Jokowi' Ternyata Dicetuskan oleh Bernard Chene, Sahabat Presiden Joko Widodo dari Prancis],  aksés tangghâl 29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

Saampona lolos SD, dhibi’na alanjuttaghi pandhidhikân nèng SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta.&lt;ref&gt;Arie Sunaryo, merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/sejak-smp-jokowi-sudah-dikenal-pendiam-tapi-pintar.html Sejak SMP, Jokowi sudah dikenal pendiam tapi pintar], aksés tangghâl 29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Nalèkana dhibi’na lolos SMP, dhibi’na andi’ pangaterro ka’angghuy alanjuttaghi maso’ SMA  Negeri 1 Surakarta, namong  ennas saènghâna maso’ SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta.&lt;ref&gt;detikjateng,[https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-6348259/ijazah-presiden-jokowi-digugat-sman-6-surakarta-buka-suara Ijazah Presiden Jokowi Digugat, SMAN 6 Surakarta Buka Suara,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222003555/https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-6348259/ijazah-presiden-jokowi-digugat-sman-6-surakarta-buka-suara |date=2022-12-22 }}  aksés tangghâl 29 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

Jokowi amantan sareng Iriana nèng Surakarta ka 24 Dèsèmber 1986, bân andi’ tello’ potra, panèka Gibran Rakabuming Raka (1987),  Kahiyang Ayu (1991), bân  Kaesang Pangarep (1994).&lt;ref&gt;Niken Widya Yunita, detiknews,  [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4308158/6-kisah-cinta-jokowi-iriana-yang-belum-banyak-orang-tahu 6 Kisah Cinta Jokowi-Iriana yang Belum Banyak Orang Tahu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221124925/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4308158/6-kisah-cinta-jokowi-iriana-yang-belum-banyak-orang-tahu |date=2022-12-21 }}, aksés tangghâl 21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bâkto kuliah bân karjâ ==
Kalabân kamampoan sè èka’andhi’, dhibi’na ètarèmah nèng jurusân kehutannan, Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Kasempatan panèka èghuna’aghi ka’angghuy ajhâr struktur  kajhuh, kamampaatnah, bân tèknologinah. dhibi’na berhasil mamarèh pandhidhikânna kalabân judul skripsi “Studi tentang Pola Konsumsi Kayu Lapis pada Pemakaian Akhir di Kodya Surakarta” bân ollè ghellâr Insinyur (Ir). Salaèn kuliah, dhibi’na jughân aktif dhâddhi anggota Mapala Silvagana, unit kaghiathâ sè lèbur alam nèng fakultasâ.&lt;ref&gt;Noristera Pawestri, TribunJogja.com, [https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2019/10/20/kisah-jokowi-semasa-kuliah-sosok-pendiam-disiplin-dan-ipk-di-atas-rata-rata Kisah Jokowi Semasa Kuliah: Sosok Pendiam, Disiplin dan IPK di Atas Rata-rata], aksés tangghâl 21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Saampona lulus ka 1985, dhibi’na alakoh nèng BUMN PT Kertas Kraft Acèh,  bân è sabhâ’ nèng arèa alas Pinus Merkusi nèng ḍâtaran tègghih Gayo, Acèh tengnga. Namong dhibi’na arassah ta’ perna bân molè èntar ka binina sè pareppaan agndhung ollè pèttok bulân. dhibi’na atèkat ka’angghuy abisnis nèng biḍâng kajhuh bân alakoh nèng usahana andi’na anommah Miyono, nèng bâbâna CV Roda Jati. Ka taon 1988, bân mukkak usaha dhibi’ kalabân nyamah CV Rakabu, sè kala’ḍâri potra dâ’adâ’na. Usahana sempât Berjaya bân jughân naè’ toron karana toman ètèpo orèng messen pas ta’ èbhâjâr. Namong ka taon 1990 dhibi’na bangkit polè kalabân ènjhâman Rp 30 jutah sè èkaollè ḍâri èbunah.&lt;ref&gt;Fransiska Ria Susanti, Kristin, books google,  [https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Saya_Sujiatmi_Ibunda_Jokowi.html?id=oqBLDwAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y Saya Sujiatmi, Ibunda Jokowi], aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Usaha panèka dhâddhi jhâlân ka’angghuy katemmoh sareng Bernard Chene, orèng kabângsaan prances, sè ahèrrah aberri’ oloken popular sampè’ samangkèn, “Jokowi”. Kalabân kajhujhurna bân lakoh kerraseh, dhibi’na ngaollè kaparcajhâân bân bhisa bârkelèlèng Èropa sè mukkak socana. Pangatoran kottah sè bhâgus nèng Èropa  dhâddhi inspirasina kaangghuy èterrapaghi nèng Solo bân manginspirasi kaangghuy maso’ dunia politik. dhibi’na terro anerrapaghina kapamèmpènan manosiawi bân mawujudkan kottah sè bersahabhât kaangghuy pânghoninah panèka daèrah Surakarta.&lt;ref&gt;Indah Aprilin Cahyani, Tribunnews.com, [https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2019/11/09/sebutan-jokowi-ternyata-dicetuskan-oleh-bernard-chene-sahabat-presiden-joko-widodo-dari-prancis Sebutan 'Jokowi' Ternyata Dicetuskan oleh Bernard Chene, Sahabat Presiden Joko Widodo dari Prancis], aksés tangghâl 17 Juné 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Politik ==

=== Wâlli kottah Surakarta ===
Nèng pilkada kottah Solo ka taon 2005, Jokowi èangka’ bi’ partai Demokrasi Inḍonesia Pârjuangan (PDI-P) bân partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) kaangghuy ajhu dhâddhi callon wâlli kottah Surakarta. dhibi’na nèng pamèlèan kasebbut kalabân prèsèntase soara bânnya’na 36,62 %. Salastarèna kapèlè, kalabân pangalaman gi’ ngodhâna, dhibi’na ngembangaghi Solo sè sabellumma jhubek tatananna bân ngadeppi panolakhân masyarakat kaangghuy èparapi. Èbâbâna kakoasanna, Solo tèbâs pangobe’en bân dhâddhi kajiân nèng Universitas dâlem bân loar Negeri. Salasèttongah panèka kamampoan komunikasi politik Jokowi sè bhidhâh ètèmbhâng kabennya’an gaya komunikasi politik pamèmpèn laèn nèng massa kenikah, sè dhâddhi kajiân risèt mahasiswa pascasarjana Universitas Inḍonesia.&lt;ref&gt;wikiwand, [https://www.wikiwand.com/id/Karier_Joko_Widodo_sebagai_Wali_Kota_Surakarta Karier Joko Widodo sebagai Wali Kota Surakarta], aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Èbâbâna kakoasanna, bus bhâtèk Solo Trans èkennallaghi, berbagai kawasân seperti jhâlân Slamet Riyadi bân Ngarsopuro èremajakan, bân Solo dhâddhi toan roma berbagai acara internasional.&lt;ref&gt;Blontank Poer, TheJakartaPost, [https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/02/26/surakarta-its-way-being-a-mice-city.html Surakarta, on its way to being a MICE City],  aksés tangghâl  3 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Salaèn panèka, Jokowi jhugân èkennal kalabân kasemmaan dâlem merèlokasi blijjhâh sè “memanusiakan manusia”. Bherkat pancapaian panèka, ka taon 2010, dhibi’na kapèlè polè dhâddhi wâlli kottah Surakarta kalabân soara 90%. Pas taon 2012, dhibi’na ècallonnaghi bi’ PDI-P dhâddhi callon gubernur DKI Jakarta.

=== Gubernur DKI Jakarta ===
Jokowi èmènta sacara pribadi sareng Jusuf Kalla kaanghuy acallonnaghi dhâddhi gubernur DKI Jakarta nèng pilgub DKI taon 2012. Karana aropaaghi kadâr PDI parjuangan, makah Jusuf Kalla mintah dhukungan ḍâri Megawati Soekarnoputri, sè awwâllâh gik ragu. Samantara ghâpanèka, Prabowo Subianto ḍâri partai Gerinda jughân mèlobhi PDI pârjuangan sopajhâ endhâ’ adukung Jokowi kaanghuy acallon gubernur karna bhutoh 9 korsèh polè kaanghuy bisa ngajuaghi callon gubernur.&lt;ref&gt;Zulhidayat Siregar, RMOL.co, [http://www.rmol.co/news.php?id=57737 Dibenarkan, Prabowo Subianto Lobi Megawati untuk Dukung Jokowi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220457/http://www.rmol.co/news.php?id=57737 |date=2015-06-10 }}, aksés tangghâl 23 Oktober 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Sè dhâddhi bâkkèllah, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama sè bhâkto kenika dhâddhi anggota DPR ècallonnaghi abâkkèllèh Jokowi.&lt;ref&gt;detik.com, [[:id:Basuki_Tjahaja_Purnama|Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]], aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt; Pasangan panèka awwâllâh ta’ èungghullaghi. Hal sapanèka èabes ḍâri klèim callon partama sè pakoat bi’ lèngkaran survèi Inḍonesia  anyataaghi pasangan Fauzi Bowo bân Nachrowi Ramli bhâkal ngaollèyah kamennangan pilkada dâlem 1 poteran.&lt;ref&gt;Fabian Januarius Kuwado, KOMPAS.com, [https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/07/01/14452150/LSI.Satu.atau.Dua.Putaran.Foke-Nara.Menang LSI : Satu atau Dua Putaran, Foke-Nara Menang], aksés tangghâl 3 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Namong hasèl pilgub potaran partama ḍâri KPU mataoh Jokowi mamèmpèn kalabân 42,6% soara, samantara Fauzi Bowo nèng posisi kadue’ kalabâ soara.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kpujakarta.go.id/view/download_data/download/f90937e5c39e0687b40282a113375eee.pdf REKAPITULASI HASIL PERHITUNGAN SUARA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803215533/http://www.kpujakarta.go.id/view/download_data/download/f90937e5c39e0687b40282a113375eee.pdf |date=2012-08-03 }}, aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Pasangan panèka abelik èunggullaghi pemilukada DKI 2012 karana kasemaan Jokowi sareng Hidayat Nur Wahid èbhâkto pilkada wâlli kottah Surakarta 2010 sarta pândhukung Faisal Basri bân Alex Noerdin ḍâri hasèl survèi kabennya’an ngallè ka Jokowi.&lt;ref&gt;Haryanto SUharman, theindonesiatoday, [http://www.theindonesiatoday.com/news/politic-news/politic-photo/item/610-faisal-basri-supporters-move-to-jokowi%2C-survey-reveals.html Faisal Basri Supporters Move to Jokowi, Survey Reveals,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312022741/http://theindonesiatoday.com/news/politic-news/politic-photo/item/610-faisal-basri-supporters-move-to-jokowi,-survey-reveals.html |date=2016-03-12 }} aksés tangghâl 3 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Namong kabhâdâân tabelik nalèkanah partai-partai pândhukung callon laènnah nèng potaran partama mala nyataaghi dhukungan ka Fauzi Bowo.&lt;ref&gt;ANTARANEWS.com, [https://www.antaranews.com/ Foke optimistis menang di putaran kedua], aksés tangghâl 4 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi ahèrrah ollè dhukungan ḍâri pangamoka-pangamoka pântèng kadhi Misbakhun ḍâri PKS, Jusuf Kalla ḍâri Golkar, Indra J.Piliang ḍâri Golkar, sarta Romo Heri sè aropaaghi alè’ èpar Fauzi Bowo.&lt;ref&gt;merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/pengakuan-blak-blakan-adik-ipar-foke-soal-dukungan-ke-jokowi.html Pengakuan blak-blakan adik ipar Foke soal dukungan ke Jokowi], aksés tangghâl 4 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

Partarungan politik panèka jughân nyalar ka mèdia sosial kalabân paluncuran Jasmew, pabhângonan mèdia cèntèr, sarta pamamfaathân mèdia anyar kadhi Youtube.&lt;ref&gt;M. Andi Perdana, TEMPO.co, [http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/12/230422972/Relawan-Jokowi---Ahok-Luncurkan-JASMEV Sukarelawan Jokowi-Ahok Luncurkan JASMEV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041528/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/12/230422972/Relawan-Jokowi---Ahok-Luncurkan-JASMEV |date=2014-11-29 }}, aksés tangghâl 4 Ḍésémber 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Potaran kadue’ jughân èbârnaèh tudingan kampanye celleng sè antara laèn bârkèsar dâlem isu SARA, isu kabakaran sè tengnget, korupsi bân politik transaksional. Ka 29 Sèptèmber 2012, KPUD DKI Jakarta anetteppaghi pasangan Jokowi bân Ahok dhâddhi gubernur bân bekkèl gubernur DKI sè anyar kaanghhuy masa bhâktèh 2012-2017 agentè’èh Fauzi Bowo-Prijanto.&lt;ref&gt;asylasy, detiknews, [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2016018/fauzi-bowo-tak-jadi-ustad-malah-jadi-gubernur- Fauzi Bowo, Tak Jadi Ustad Malah Jadi Gubernur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222005302/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2016018/fauzi-bowo-tak-jadi-ustad-malah-jadi-gubernur- |date=2022-12-22 }}, aksés tangghâl 21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kabijakhân ====
Kabijakhân Jokowi salama ajabat gubernur DKI Jakarta bennya’ sè asèfat populis, kadhi kampong dèrèt, kartu Jakarta sèhat bân kartu Jakarta pèntèr. Namong bâdhâ jughân masyarakat sè bhârre’, kadhi dâlem pabeccèan saloran aèng, pangodhâdhân bus kèni’, bân stèrilisasi jalur busway.&lt;ref&gt;republika-indonesia, [https://www.nomor.net/_kodepos.php?_i=republik-indonesia&amp;id=245141 Karier Joko Widodo sebagai Gubernur DKI Jakarta], aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

Nèng awwâl kalagungan, dhibi’na ngadei program bântoan sosial lèbât kartu Jakarta sèhat bân kartu Jakarta pèntèr, bân salastarèna ollè kenḍâli atas APBD, ajhâlânaghi pabeccèan saloran aèng nèng DKI Jakarta lèbât program JEDI.&lt;ref&gt;ANTARANEWS.com, [https://www.antaranews.com/berita/346355/kartu-jakarta-pintar-diluncurkan Kartu Jakarta Pintar diluncurkan,] aksés tangghâl 15 Maret 2014 &lt;/ref&gt; Brâmpan program transportasi sangkol pamarèntaan sabellumma kadhi 6 Ruas Tol bân monorèl tarhambat.&lt;ref&gt;WIKIPEDIA Ensiklopedia Bebas, [[:id:Jalan_Tol_Layang_Dalam_Kota_Jakarta|Jalan Tol Layang Dalam Kota Jakarta]], aksés tangghâl 21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt; Sabhâliggeh, dhibi’na konsèntrasi ka transpormasi massal MRT Jakarta, tèngkè’ armada TransJakarta, bân pangodhâdhân bus kèni’. Dhibi’na jughân mabhuwa’an pangallèan pangalolaan sombher daya aèng lebhât akuisi Aètra bân Palyja.&lt;ref&gt;WIKIPEDIA Ensiklopedia Bebas, [[:id:MRT_Jakarta|MRT Jakarta,]] aksés tangghâl  21 Ḍésémber 2022&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jokowi bârperran dâlem ngoranghi diskriminasi bân nèpotisme dâlem jhângjhâng karèr pangghâbâ nègèri sipil nèng DKI Jakarta lèbhât penerrapân lèlang kalaghungan. Mènangka salasèttongah dampak panèka kaplèlènah pajabhât ḍâri kalangan mènoritas sè ollè panolaghân masyarakat. Kadhieh dâlem kasus lurah Susan.&lt;ref&gt;Deti Mega Purnamasari, JakartaGlobe, [http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/jakarta/non-muslim-ward-chief-stays-on Non-Muslim Ward Chief Stays On], aksés tangghâl  15 Maret 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi nyata’aghi dhukungan bâgi lurah Susan.

Nèng masa pernatana polè, DKI Jakarta mabâdâ brâmpan èvent krèatif kadhi Jakarta Night Fèstival, pèsta rakyat, bân Fèstival karaton sadunnyah.&lt;ref&gt;Kompas.com, [https://travel.kompas.com/read/2013/12/04/1421599/Festival.Keraton.Sedunia.Digelar.di.Jakarta Festival Keraton Sedunia Digelar di Jakarta], aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhibi’na jughân mabeccè’ kabersèan lingkungan nèng Jakarta, kadhieh kalabân alarang atraksi Topèng Monyèt.

== Kaprèsidenan ==

=== Pilprès 2014 ===
Salastarènah kapèlè dhâddhi  gubernur DKI Jakarta, popularitasseh Jokowi mâlâjit bherkat rèkam jhâjakna sè bhâgus bân pâsemma’na sè mabhumè bân pragmatis, kadhieh sè tonjhu’aghi lèbhât program “blusukan” ka’angghuy nyasak kabâdâân  nèng lapangan sacara terkas.&lt;ref&gt;Waskita, Ferdinand, Tribunnews.com, [https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2013/10/31/jokowi-masih-merajai-survei-calon-presiden Jokowi Masih Merajai Survei Calon Presiden], aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Temmahna, Jokowi merajai survèi- survèi callon prèsiden bân manyèngghâ kandidat laènna, saèngghâ angghâl wacana kaangghuy madhâddhi callon  prèsiden.&lt;ref&gt;has, Merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/politik/muncul-gerakan-di-facebook-memaksa-jokowi-nyapres-2014.html Muncul gerakan di Facebook memaksa Jokowi nyapres 2014], aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Slama panberempan bulân wacana kasebbut dhâddhi ta’ pastèh karana pancallonan Jokowi nèng PDI-P kodhuh èpettok sareng katoa umum PDI-P Megawati Soekarnoputri, bân kodhuh èteggesèh baru bhâdhih nentoaghi callon salastarèna pamèlèan umum lègislatif nèng bulân April.&lt;ref&gt;Harahap, Riza, ANTARA News, [https://www.antaranews.com/berita/413438/pdip-umumkan-capres-setelah-pemilu-legislatif PDIP umumkan capres setelah Pemilu Legislatif], aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Namong, nèng tangghâl 14 Maret 2014, Megawati ahèrrah nyerrat terkas sorat mandate ka Jokowi kaanghuy dhâddhi callon prèsiden, bân Jokowi aparèng onèng jhâ’ saongghuna endhâ’ bân siyap ngalakonè mandate kasebbut kaanghhuy maju dhâddhi callon prèsiden Rèpublik Inḍonesia dâlem pamèlèan umum prèsiden Inḍonesia 2014. Selepas pangomoman panèka IHSG bân rupiah naè’ nilayyah, sè èkaittaghi kalabân sèntimèn positif invèstor dhâ’ka brita kasebbut.

Nèng tangghâl 19 Mèi 2014, Jokowi ngumommaghi jâ’ Jusuf Kalla bhâkal dhâddhi callon bhâkkèl prèsidenna. Pencallonan kasebbhut èdhukung sareng koalisi Partai Demokrasi Inḍonesia Perjuangan, partai NasDem, partai Kebangkitan Bhângsah, bân partai Hanura. Nèng arèh sè padâ, Jokowi bân Jusuf Kalla sacara resmi adaftar nèng komisi pamèlèyan umum.&lt;ref&gt;Akuntono, Indra, Kompas.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/05/19/1203166/Jokowi.Cawapres.Saya.Jusuf.Kalla Jokowi: Cawapres Saya Jusuf Kalla], aksès 2023-01-16.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saampona mèreng hasèl bitongan lekkas ḍâri brempan lembaga survèi, Jokowi ènyataaghi kamennangan nèng 9 Julè. Namong labânna jughân ènyataaghi kamennangan, mabingung warga Inḍonesia. Nèng 22 Julè, panbrempan jhâm sabellumah pangomoman hasèl pilprès, Prabowo mundhur ḍâri pilprès. KPU ngomommaghi kamennangan Jokowi berjhâm-jhâm abitteh.&lt;ref&gt;Maharani, Dian, Kompas.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/07/22/20574751/Ini.Hasil.Resmi.Rekapitulasi.Suara.Pilpres.2014 Ini Hasil Resmi Rekapitulasi Suara Pilpres 2014], aksès 2023-01-16.&lt;/ref&gt; KPU nyataaghi Jokowi mennang kalabân 53,155% soara (70.997.859 pamèlè), samantara Prabowo ngaollè 46,85% (62.576.444 soara), makkè kubu Prabowo nyangkal total panèka.

Salastarèna kamennanganna, Jokowi nyataaghi jhâ’ tombu nèng bâbâna rèzim Orde Baru sè otoritèr bân korup, dhibi’na ta’nyangkah seseorang kalabân latar belakang kellas bâbâ bhisa dhâddhi prèsiden. The New  York Times alaporraghi “samangkèn nika padhâh bi’ Amèrika, ghi? Bâdhâ angen Amèrika bân  nèng ka’dhintoh abâ’dhibi’ ngaandhi’ angen Inḍonesia”. Jokowi panèka prèsiden dâ’adâân sè benni berasal ḍâri militèr otabhâ èlitè politik, bân mètorot komèntator politik Salim Said, rakyat ngabes Jokowi mènangka “seseorang sè aropaaghi tatangghâ abâ’dhibi’, sè motoseh kaanghuy terjun ka dunnyah politik bân acallonnaghi dhibi’na dhâddhi prèsiden.&lt;ref&gt;Kumparan.com, [https://kumparan.com/berita-hari-ini/7-urutan-presiden-indonesia-dari-soekarno-hingga-jokowi-1yttGltHAMq/full 7 Urutan Presiden Indonesia, dari Soekarno hingga Jokowi], aksès 2023-01-16.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kabijakhân ===
Jokowi cèntèl masa kaprèsidennna kalabhân makaloar kartu Inḍonesia sèhat, kartu Inḍonesia pènter, bân kartu Inḍonesia sejahtera. Bhuwa’ panèka bi’ partai oposisi èangghâp kaangghuy mareddhâm samantara kanaèan arghâh BBM.&lt;ref&gt;Prabowo, Dani, KOMPASTV, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/18/09221121/Politisi.Gerindra.Kartu.Sakti.Jokowi.Hanya.Redam.Sementara.Dampak.Kenaikan.Harga.BBM Politisi Gerindra: &quot;Kartu Sakti&quot; Jokowi Hanya Redam Sementara Dampak Kenaikan Harga BBM], aksès 2014-11-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi èkritik polana makaloar program sè ta’ andhi’ pajung hokom bân alanggar tartèb anggaran, namong hal panèka èsangkal sareng Jusuf Kalla, kalabân alasan jhâ’ program kartu panèka saongghunah kaderderân ḍâri program sè ampon bâdâ saèngghâ anggaran panèka norok program kasebbut.&lt;ref&gt;Mukhti Ahmad, Hafidz, CNNIndonesia, [https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20141105101733-12-9755/anggaran-tiga-kartu-jokowi-dipertanyakan/ Anggaran Tiga Kartu Jokowi Dipertanyakan], aksès 2014-11-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

Molaè tangghâl 8 Novèmber, dhibi’na ngirèng panbrempan konfèrènsi tingkat tègghih, kadhi APEC, Asian Summit, bân G20. Jokowi menuai kontrovèrsi salastarènah prèsentasi èadhâ’na pangosaha nèng APEC.&lt;ref&gt;Liauw, Hindra, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/11/07375171/Dipuji.Jokowi.Berani.Pidato.Tanpa.Teks.di.Depan.1.500.CEO.Dunia Dipuji, Jokowi Berani Pidato Tanpa Teks di Depan 1.500 CEO Dunia], aksès 2014-12-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Sabâgiyân mèncerca prèsentasi panèka mènangka bhuwa’ ajuel naghârâ dhâ’ kapèntingan asing, samantara nèng laèn pihak pidatonah èpojhi karana èangghâp tappa’ ka sasaran, ètèmbhâng prèsiden laèn sè ghun karo aberrik ceramah sè ngambhâng. ḍâri APEC, Jokowi berhasil ngibeh komitmen invèstasi saarghâh RP 300 Triliun.

Sapabelinah ḍâri loar negeri, dhibi’na nunjuk Faisal Basri mènangka katoa tim pambarantasan mafia Migas, alantik Basuki Tjahaja Purnama mènangka gubernur DKI Jakarta, bân ngomommaghi kaongghâân BBM ḍâri Rp 6.500 dhâddhi Rp 8.500. kabijakhân panèka sempet ètoro’è dèmonstrasi nèng berbagai daèrah nèng Inḍonesia. Jokowi terro ngallèyah dana subsidi kasebbut kaanghuy pambangunan infrastruktur bân kasèhatân.&lt;ref&gt;Fikri, Rosniawanty, Tempo.co, [http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/11/07/058620218/Alasan-Jokowi-Berani-Naikkan-Harga-BBM Alasan Jokowi Berani Naikkan Harga BBM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214080021/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/11/07/058620218/Alasan-Jokowi-Berani-Naikkan-Harga-BBM |date=2014-12-14 }}, aksès 2015-01-31.&lt;/ref&gt; Nèng bidang katasèan, Jokowi nyoro perlakuan kajâh dhâ’ orèng sè ngèco’ jhuko’ ilègal, selain mèntah kaangghuy mabâdhâ razia, dhibi’na jughân ngarep kapal sè alanggar peraturan èsèllemmaghi.&lt;ref&gt;Asril, Sabrina, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/18/13004411/Jokowi.Tenggelamkan.Kapal.Pencuri.Ikan. Jokowi: Tenggelamkan Kapal Pencuri Ikan!], aksès 2014-11-23.&lt;/ref&gt; Nèng bidang pertanèan, Jokowi mâgi 1099 unit traktor tanang è Subang kalabân arepphân menggenjot produksi petanè.&lt;ref&gt;Asril, Sabrina, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/12/26/11492811/Jokowi.Serahkan.1.099.Unit.Traktor.Tangan.kepada.Petani.di.Subang Jokowi Serahkan 1.099 Unit Traktor Tangan kepada Petani di Subang], aksès 2015-01-03.&lt;/ref&gt; dhibi’na jughân adorong  bâdhâna rèformasi agrarian kalabân adorong petanè ngaollè sertifikat saèngghâ ollè menggarap tana kalabân status lègal. Dhibi’na jughân adorong  hak pangoasa adhât bân pangolahan alas kaangghuy kapentèngan rakyat kalabân konsèp kaalasân sosial.

Jokowi ngaollè sambuthân anga’ bân pojhiân nalèkana anyampayaghi pidato nèng âdhâ’na peserta paringathân ka 60 taon Konfèrènsi Asia Afrika tangghâl 22 April 2015. Jokowi mator parlona merèformasi PBB bân badan intèrnasional laènna. Jokowi èangghâp bângal mengkritik lembaga prèstisius dunnyah kadhi PBB, Dana Monèntèr intèrnasional, bân bank dunnyah. Jokowi menuai kritik ḍâri peneliti Amèrika Serikat karana Jokowi èangghâp ta’ konsistèn ḍâlâm ngajek invèstor asing kaangghuy maso’ ka Inḍonesia.&lt;ref&gt;Gunawan, Indra, Ekonomi.bisnis.cim, [https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20220513/12/1533025/jokowi-undang-investor-dari-amerika-serikat-ini-tantangannya-menurut-kadin Jokowi Undang Investor dari Amerika Serikat, Ini Tantangannya Menurut Kadin], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nèng bidang infrastruktur, Jokowi ampon cèntèl bânnya’ proyèk pembangunan kaangghuy mengejar kacèccèran Inḍonesia ḍâlâm sèktor  panèka, kadhieh jhâlân tol Trans-Sumatra, Tol Solo-Kertosono, pelabbhuwân Makassar, meresmikan operasional terminal Teluk Lamong mènangka bhâghiyen ḍâri Greater Surabaya Mètropolitan Port, bân samacemma.&lt;ref&gt;Riski, Petrus, voaindonesia.com,  [https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/presiden-jokowi-resmikan-pelabuhan-teluk-lamong-di-surabaya/2783173.html Presiden Jokowi Resmikan Pelabuhan Teluk Lamong di Surabaya], aksès 2015-06-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nèng masanah, kacatet ampon bhâdâ swasembada bherrâs, jghâghung, bhâbâng mèra, bân cabbhi, kalabân abândhingaghi angka produksi sè lebbhi rajhâh ḍâri kabhutoan. Namong tettep ètandhâi kalabân brâmpan kalè impor kaanggghuy alasân amennoèh cadangan bân kapentèngan kabhutoan bherrâs bân jghâghung khusus sè ta’bisa èsediaaghi petani. Inḍonesia.&lt;ref&gt;holik, Aichi, Beritasatu.com, [https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/471651/indonesia-akhirnya-swasembada-beras-bawang-jagung-dan-cabai Indonesia Akhirnya Swasembada Beras, Bawang, Jagung, dan Cabai], aksès 2023-01-17&lt;/ref&gt;

È adhâ’, Joko Widodo ḍâlâm pabukka’an forum kerja sama èkonomi naghârâ- naghârâ Asia- Pasifik (APEC) nèng Da Nang, Viètnam, Donald Trump sacara khusus mojhi Inḍonesia mènangka conto naghârâ sè berhasil ngangka’ dhibi’ ḍâri katerpurukâ lèbhât institusi domèstik bân dèmokratis.&lt;ref&gt;malut.kemenkumham.go.id, [https://malut.kemenkumham.go.id/layanan-publik/keimigrasian/layanan-untuk-warga-negara-indonesia/apec-business-travel-card-abtc#:~:text=Asia%20Pacific%20Economic%20Cooperation%20yang,bertujuan%20membangun%20kerja%20sama%20ekonomi. APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022110/https://malut.kemenkumham.go.id/layanan-publik/keimigrasian/layanan-untuk-warga-negara-indonesia/apec-business-travel-card-abtc#:~:text=Asia%20Pacific%20Economic%20Cooperation%20yang,bertujuan%20membangun%20kerja%20sama%20ekonomi. |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kabijakhân nèng papua ===
Jokowi aberrik perhatian khusus bâgi Papua. Terlihat ḍâri frèkuènsi cabisen sè kabitong sanget segghut ètèmbhâng prèsiden sabellummah, bân bânnya’na pambangonan infrastruktur nèng papua. Kadhieh pambangonan pasar tradisional bân jhâlân taratas Papua.&lt;ref&gt;KOMPAS.com, [https://regional.kompas.com/read/2014/12/27/1939030/Jokowi.Penuhi.Janjinya.Membangun.Pasar.di.Papua Jokowi Penuhi Janjinya Membangun Pasar di Papua], aksès 2015-06-04.&lt;/ref&gt; Bennya’ bandara perintis èbangon otabhâ èbhânahi saèngghâ pangolatnah lebbhi bhâgus ''' '''bân kapasitassâh lebbi rajhâh. Dhibi’na jughân nerbittaghi Instruksi prèsiden (Inprès) nomer 9 taon 2017 tentang parghâncangna pambangonan kesejahteraan nèng provènsi papua bân provènsi papua bârâ’ ka 11 Dèsèmber 2017.&lt;ref&gt;REPUBLIKA.co.id, [https://republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/makro/17/12/22/p1cq9t382-jokowi-terbitkan-inpres-percepatan-pembangunan-papua Jokowi Terbitkan Inpres Percepatan Pembangunan Papua], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Cabisen ka Papua bulân Mèi 2015, Jokowi abèbassaghi 5 tahanan politik OPM bân abèbassaghi wartawan loar kaangghuy ngalakoni peliputan nèng Papua kadhi daèrah laèn nèng Inḍonesia. Jokowi beralasân jhâ’ saongghuna Inḍonesia kodhuh berpèkkèr positif bân salèng parcajâ. Kabijakhân Jokowi panèka ollè pro bân kontra, tarotama nèng kalangan DPR RI sè nyataaghi jhâ’ Kabijakhân kasebbhut kèngèng ghâbây isu Papua èpolitisir ka dunnyah loar, karana masalah Papua sè sanget sènsitif.&lt;ref&gt;Hidayat, Qur'anul, Okezone.com , [https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2015/05/12/337/1148680/pimpinan-dpr-protes-soal-jokowi-izinkan-jurnalis-asing-ke-papua Pimpinan DPR Protes soal Jokowi Izinkan Jurnalis Asing ke Papua], aksès 2015-06-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pilprès 2019 ===
Taon 2018, Jokowi ngomommaghi jhâ’ dhibi’na acallonnaghi ḍâlâm pamèlèan umum prèsiden 2019.&lt;ref&gt;antikorupsi.org, [https://antikorupsi.org/id/article/visi-misi-jokowi-maruf-vs-postur-kabinet-indonesia-maju Visi-Misi Jokowi-Ma’ruf Vs Postur Kabinet Indonesia Maju] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022105/https://antikorupsi.org/id/article/visi-misi-jokowi-maruf-vs-postur-kabinet-indonesia-maju |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhâkkèl prèsiden Jusuf Kalla èangghâp ta’ mennoèh syarat kaangghuy acallon polè karana bâthâsen masa jabatan sè ètantoaghi kaangghuy jabatan prèsiden bân bhâkkèl prèsiden. (Jusuf Kalla ampon ajhâlâni masa kalaghungan lèma taon dhâddhi bhâkkèl prèsiden nèng masa kaprèsidenan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) ḍâri 2004 kantos 2009). Spèkulasi pasèrah sè bhâkal è pèlè sareng Jokowi kaangghuy callon bhâkkèl prèsidenna pokus ka panbrempan kandidhât kamasok Mahfud MD, perna ajhâbat mentrè partahanan bân hakèm aghung Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Tangghâl 9 Agustus 2018, sacara ngejuttaghi, jhâ’ saangghuna Ma’ruf Amin sè bhâkal dhâddhi pasanganna. Mahfud èlaporraghi ampon asiapagi abâ’na kaangghuy dhâddhi callon bhâkkèl prèsiden, namong, saampona genjhâân ḍâri brempan partai koalisi pamarènta Jokowi bân tokoh-tokoh Islam sè apangaro, Ma’ruf è pèlè dhâddhi ghântèna. Jokowi mèlè Ma’ruf Amin karana pangalamanna sè loas  dâlem orosan pamarènta bân aghâma.&lt;ref&gt;W. Dewi, Sita, TheJakartaPost, [https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/who-is-maruf-amin-jokowis-running-mate.html Who is Ma’ruf Amin, Jokowi’s running mate?], aksès 2018-08-09.&lt;/ref&gt;

Januari 2019, è beritakan jhâ’ saangghuna Jokowi pareppaan amempertimbangaghi pambèbashân  Abu Bakar Ba'asyir karana omor seppo bân kasèhathân ampon toron. Jhâlân panèka èanggep kontrovèrsi mènangka bhâgien ḍâri sajhân bennyakna kalakoan sè èkala’ Jokowi kaangghuy mennangaghi atèna orèng Muslim konsèrvatif jellang pamèlèan.&lt;ref&gt;Theinterpreter, [https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/indonesia-releasing-abu-bakar-ba-asyir-wrong-all-counts Indonesia: releasing Abu Bakar Ba’asyir wrong on all counts], aksès 2019-01-23.&lt;/ref&gt; Tarèkah ghâpanèka èbatallaghi nèng tangghâl 23 Januari, karana ajenjhi sacca dhâ’ka idèologi  naghârâ pancasila sè aropaaghi sala sèttongah sarat pembèbasannah.&lt;ref&gt;TheJakartaPost, [https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/23/baasyir-early-release-plan-cancelled-state-palace.html?src=mostviewed&amp;pg=academia/2019/01/21/free-baasyir-why-now.html Ba'asyir early release plan cancelled: State Palace], aksès 2019-01-23.&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi ampon nolak kaangghuy aparèng pandangan ka panahanan sakètar 1.000.000 Muslim Uighur ka pamarènta Tiongkok nèng kamp-kamp pandhidhikân olang nèng provènsi Xinjiang kalabân nyataaghi “sèngkok ta’ onèng ka Xinjiang” bân ta’ aparèng komèntar.&lt;ref&gt;Staff, Reuters, Reuters.com, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-protests-uighurs/indonesian-muslims-protest-against-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs-idUSKCN1OK195 Indonesian Muslims protest against China's treatment of Uighurs], aksès 2018-12-21.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saampona empa’ taon ajabat, tèngkat kapoashân public dhâ’ka Jokowi pagghun tèngghih, kisaran 60-70 %.&lt;ref&gt;SINDONEWS.com, [https://nasional.sindonews.com/berita/1370579/12/tingkat-kepuasan-terhadap-kinerja-jokowi-di-atas-70 Tingkat Kepuasan terhadap Kinerja Jokowi di Atas 70%], aksès 2019-04-30.&lt;/ref&gt; Hasèl bitongan lekkas anunjuaghi jhâ’ Jokowi èkèraaghi mennang pilprès kalabân soara 54%.&lt;ref&gt;newser.com, [https://www.newser.com/article/353624406dbc44ddb83c9b32f8d1de0b/indonesias-widodo-declares-victory-in-presidential-election.html Indonesia's Widodo declares victory in presidential election], aksès 2019-04-18.&lt;/ref&gt; Tatapèna, Prabowo ngeklaim jhâ’ saongghuna bitongan bi’ tim kampanyena dhibi’ anunjuaaghi jhâ’ dhibi’na ollè soara 62%.&lt;ref&gt;Radityo Priasmoro, Muhammad, Liputan6, [https://www.liputan6.com/pilpres/read/3948459/terungkap-ini-sumber-prabowo-klaim-menang-pilpres-62-persen Terungkap, Ini Sumber Prabowo Klaim Menang Pilpres 62 Persen],  aksès 2019-04-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aghâma ==
Jokowi panèka orèng Islam bân acarèta jhâ dhibi’na dhâ’adhâ’na ongghe hajji ka taon 2003, bân salastarèna umro palèng sakoni’ empa’ kalè.&lt;ref&gt;Rimadi, Luqman, Liputan6, [https://www.liputan6.com/indonesia-baru/read/2054461/jokowi-tanggapi-isu-sara-semua-keluarga-saya-sudah-naik-haji Jokowi Tanggapi Isu SARA: Semua Keluarga Saya Sudah Naik Haji,]  2014-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Namong, para’depa’a kapèlèan umum prèsiden 2014, muncul panbrempan tudingan sè apertanyaaghi kaislamna Jokowi, saèngghâ nèng tangghâl 24 Mèi 2014 Jokowi anyataaghi jhâ’ saongghuna dhibi’na aropaaghi begien ḍâri “Islam sè rahmatan lil alamin, Islam sè odhi’ bârkatoronan bân bârkarjâ nèng naghârâ RI sè sanget negghuk UUD 45”.&lt;ref&gt;Zulfikar. Muhammad, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/05/24/1429414/.Saya.Jokowi.Bagian.dari.Islam.yang.Rahmatan.Lil.Alamin. &quot;Saya Jokowi, Bagian dari Islam yang Rahmatan Lil Alamin&quot;], aksès 2014-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhibi’na jughân nyataaghi jhâ’ saongghuna saongghuna benni begien ḍâri kalompok Islam sè “sakesokanna atèna akafirraghi tarètana dhibi’”, “nindes aghâma laèn”, “aroghân bân ahunus bheddhâng nèng tanang bân nèng lèsan”, “lèbur nyèjèraghi fustun-fustunna”, “notopè pamalèngan artana, notopè bheddhâng sè alomoran bi’ dârâ kalabân gamès bân sorbân”, otabhâ “ngibeh ayat-ayat Tuhan kaangghuy nèpo rakyat”.&lt;ref&gt;Solikhun, HANIFIYA: JURNAL STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA, [https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/hanifiya/article/view/11487 Relevansi Konsepsi Rahmatan Lil Alamin dengan Keragaman Umat Beragama], aksès 2023-01-17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Idèologi ==
Mènangka prèsiden sè kapèlè, Jokowi nâggessaghi sèkep polotikkâ kaangghuy mèmpèn Inḍonesia kalabân kasoghiyen manossa, bhudhâjâ, bân pluralitasna sopajhâ ta’ kaèlangan ara kangghuy mânjawantahkan èssèna UUD 1945 tor ma’na Pancasila. Sèkap panèka mètorot abâ’ dhibi’na èangghâp parlo èimplikasikan bi’ tèyap pamèmpèn ka sadhâjena level pernata bhâghus èkotta sampè; skala nasional. Jokowi mèlè amaknaèh lèbhât ajhârân trisakti Bung Karno panèka berdaulat nèng bidhâng politik, berdikari nèng bidhâng èkonomi, bân berkepribadien nasional nèng bidhâng kabhudhâjâân.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Jordan, Ray, DetikNews.com,  [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3024959/jokowi-saya-sebagai-presiden-harus-punya-ideologi-jelas Jokowi: Saya Sebagai Presiden Harus Punya Ideologi Jelas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117121250/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3024959/jokowi-saya-sebagai-presiden-harus-punya-ideologi-jelas |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2015-09-22.&lt;/ref&gt;

“sèngkok mènangka saorang prèsiden jughân kodhuh andik idèologi sè jellas, napak kenikah? Berdaulat, berdikarè bân berkepribadiân. Idèologi abâ’dhibi’ padhâ, Pancasila, tapèh cara penerapnah sè bhidhâh. Bâdâ sè lèbât blessat pangobeen rèstorasi Inḍonesia, Bâdâ sè lèbât cara-cara laèn. Saorang pamèmpèn bhâghus nèng kotta, kabupatèn, gubernur provènsi, tèngkat nasional, memèmpèn panèka kodhu  andhi’ idèologi. Kodhu bâdâ idèologina. Tanpa kenika abâ’dhibi’ ta’ andhi’ ara”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pangharghâân ==
Atas prèstasina, bi’ majalah tèmpo, Joko Widodo kapèlè sala sèttong ḍâri “10 tokoh 2008”. Kabhândhâren nèng majalah sè padhâ jhughân, Basuki Tjahaja  Purnama, otabhâ segghut è olok Ahok toman kapèlè jhughân dhâlem “10 tokoh 2006” atas jhâsana abhânderi layanan kasèhatân bân pandhidhikân nèng Belitung Tèmor. Ahok pas dhâddhi bhâkkèlla nèng Pilgub DKI taon 2012.&lt;ref&gt;Merdeka.com, '''[https://www.merdeka.com/profil/indonesia/b?_gl=1*idokft*_ga*MTE2ODk1NDkxNC4xNjczODgyMDgw*_ga_YV9LXF9F74*MTY3MzkzNTY3MC4yLjEuMTY3MzkzNTY3MS41OS4wLjA. PROFIL BERDASARKAN ABJAD],''' aksès 2023-01-17&lt;/ref&gt;

Jokowi jughân ollè panghargâân internasional ḍâri Kemitraan Pamarènta'an Lokal Dèmokratis Asia Tenggara (Delgosea) panèka atas kabhârhasèlna Solo ampon alakoh relokasi sèmanusiawi bân pemberdayaan dhâgângan kaki lèma'.&lt;ref&gt;Rachmayanti, Yunita, elsamara.id, [https://elsamara.id/keberhasilan-relokasi-pkl-di-solo/ Mengintip Keberhasilan Relokasi PKL di Solo], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tangghâl 12 Agustus 2011, Ahok jughân ollè panghargâân Bèntang Jasa Utama kaangghuy prèstasina mènangka kapala daèrah ngabdhiaghi dhibi’na ka rakyat.&lt;ref&gt;Ari Wibowo, Eko, Tempo.com, [http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2011/08/12/004351540/Bintang-Jasa-Ternyata-Bebani-Jokowi Bintang Jasa Ternyata Bebani Jokowi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180842/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2011/08/12/004351540/Bintang-Jasa-Ternyata-Bebani-Jokowi |date=2014-02-22 }}, aksès 2012-12-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Bintang Jasa Utama panèka aropaaghi panghargâân sè palèng tègghih sè èbhâghi ka warga naghârâ sipil. Ka Januari 2013, Joko Widodo ènobattaghi dhâddhi wâlli kotta palèng bhâghus ka-3 nèng dunnyah atas kaberhasillanna amèmpèn Surakarta mènangka kotta sèni bân bhudhâjâ, kotta palèng bershè ḍâri korupsi, tor kotta palèng bhâghus panataanna.&lt;ref&gt;DetikNews.com, [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2135816/jokowi-dinobatkan-sebagai-walikota-terbaik-ketiga-dunia- Jokowi Dinobatkan Sebagai 'Walikota Terbaik Ketiga Dunia'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117121247/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2135816/jokowi-dinobatkan-sebagai-walikota-terbaik-ketiga-dunia- |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Bi’ KPK, atas kabângalla alaporraghi panbrempan bhârâng gratifikasi sè katarèma.&lt;ref&gt;Faqih, Fikri, Merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/dapat-penghargaan-kpk-jokowi-lupa-berapa-kali-lapor-gratifikasi.html Dapat penghargaan KPK, Jokowi lupa berapa kali lapor gratifikasi], aksès 2014-03-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

Atas kamampona asosialisasi program-program pamarènta saèngghâ ollè dukungân masyarakat bennya’, dhibi’na è ganjâr mènangka Marketer Of The  Year 2012 bi’ Markplus Conference 2013, Marketing: Into Innovation and Technology.&lt;ref&gt;Lestari, Mustiana, Merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/4-penghargaan-untuk-jokowi-selama-jadi-gubernur-dki.html 4 Penghargaan untuk Jokowi selama jadi gubernur DKI], aksès 2014-03-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tandhâh Kahormathân ===

=== Tandhâh Kahormathân Inḍonesia ===
Bintang Rèpublik  Inḍonesia Adipurnama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Mahaputera Adipurnama (21 Oktober 2014).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/document/20200107/4404daftar_penerima_bintang_mahaputera_tahun_2004-sekarang.pdf Daftar WNI yang Memperoleh Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Mahaputera Tahun 2004–sekarang&quot; (PDF)]. aksès 2021-12-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Bintang saktèh (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Dhârma (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Gèrilya (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang jhâsa Otama (12 Agustus 2011).&lt;ref&gt;Tempo.com, [https://nasional.tempo.co/read/351458/inilah-30-nama-penerima-bintang-tanda-jasa-2011 Inilah 30 Nama Penerima Bintang Tanda Jasa 2011], aksès 2018-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt; Bintang Bhudhâjâ Parama Dhârma (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Yudhâ Dhârma Otama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Kartèka Èka Paksi Otama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Jalasèna Otama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Swa Bhuwâna Paksa Otama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Bhayangkara Otama (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Kamanossaan (21 Oktober 2014). Bintang Penegak Dèmokrasi Otama (21 Oktober 2014).

=== Tandhâh Kahormathân loar Negeri ===
a.  Brunèi

·       Dârjhâ Karabhât Laila Otama Sè Palèng È hormatè (DK)- 7 Fèbruari 2015.&lt;ref&gt;Seri Begawan, Bandar, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150208050214/http://www.bt.com.bn/frontpage-news-national/2015/02/08/hm-confers-state-decoration-indonesian-president THEBRUNEITIMES, HM confers state decoration on Indonesian President], aksès 2015-02-08.&lt;/ref&gt;

·       Mèdali Perayaan Èmas Soltan Brunèi- 6 Oktober 2017.

b.   Arab Saudi

·       Pangarghâân Ratoh Abdul Aziz- 12 Sèptember 2015.&lt;ref&gt;Teresia, Ananda, Tempo.com, [https://en.tempo.co/read/700069/jokowi-receives-king-abdul-azis-medal Jokowi Receives King Abdul Azis Medal],  aksès 2015-09-12.&lt;/ref&gt;

c.  Tèmor Lèstè

·       Kalong Karajhâân Ordem de Tèmor Lèstè- 26 Januari 2016.&lt;ref&gt;Angriani, Desi, Metrotvnews,com, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170305003110/http://en.metrotvnews.com/read/2016/01/26/475025/president-jokowi-receives-highest-medal-of-honour-from-timor-leste President Jokowi Receives Highest Medal of Honour from Timor Leste], aksès 2016-01-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

d.   Swèdia

·       Kasatrèa Orde Sèrafim- 22 Mèi 2017.&lt;ref&gt;Sufa, Theresia, TheJakartaPost, [https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/05/22/jokowi-bestows-highest-medal-to-swedish-king.html Jokowi bestows highest medal to Swedish king], aksès 2017-06-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

e.  Afganistan

·       Mèdali Ghâzi Amanullah- 29 Januari 2018.&lt;ref&gt;Faiz Ibnu Sani, Ahmad, Tempo.com, [https://en.tempo.co/read/915281/jokowi-receives-ghazi-amanullah-medal-from-afghan-president Jokowi Receives Ghazi Amanullah Medal from Afghan President], aksès 2018-01-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laèn-laèn ==

=== Ghâjâ kamèmpènna ===
Jokowi èkennal bhâdhih ghâjâ kamèmpènna sè pragmatis bân membumi. Dhibi’na “blusukan” otabhâ toron terkas ka lapangan kaanghhuy ngolatè langsung parmasalahan jhâlân kaloar sè tappa’. “Blusukan” jughân èlakoni kaanghhuy nemoè langsung warga bân kabbih. Ghâjâ sè unik panèka èjhulughi The New York Times mènangka “dèmokrasi jhâlânan”. &lt;ref&gt;Thenewworktimes, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/26/world/asia/in-indonesia-a-governor-at-home-on-the-streets.html In Indonesia, a Governor at Home on the Streets, aksès] 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;Jokowi jughân èangghâp unik ḍâri pamèmpèn laènna karan ta’ songkan kaangghuy atanyah terkas ka warga bân adekettih kabbih bilè bhâdhih alancaraghi soato program. Namong, ghâjâ panèka jughân èkritik. Ompamana, katoa permakilan Daèrah Irman Gusman anyataaghi jhâ’ “blusukan” ghun matadhâ’ bhâkto bân ènergi, samantara sè kabhuto panèka kabijakhân terkas bân benni sakader interaksi.&lt;ref&gt;JPNN.com, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140606230637/http://www.jpnn.com/read/2013/10/27/197848/Ketua-DPD-Kritik-Blusukan-Ala-Jokowi-# Katua DPD Kritik Blusukan Ala Jokowi],  aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Anies Baswedan jughân anilai “blusukan ” panèka pancitraan belaka benni aparèng jhâlân kaloar.&lt;ref&gt;Sholeh, Muhammad, Merdeka.com, [https://www.merdeka.com/politik/anies-baswedan-sebut-blusukan-jokowi-cuma-pencitraan.html Anies Baswedan sebut blusukan Jokowi cuma pencitraan], aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;

Salaèn “blusukan”. Kapamèmpènan Jokowi jughân èkaoningi transparansina. Ompamana, Joko Widodo bân Basuki Tjahaja Purnama padhâ angumummaghi bitongan ghâji bulânan bân anggârân pangaollèan bân belenjhâ Daèrah ka umum.&lt;ref&gt;Detik.com, [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2193892/transparansi-jokowi-ini-dia-poster-apbd-2013?nd771104bcj= Transparansi Jokowi, Ini Dia Poster APBD 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117121254/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2193892/transparansi-jokowi-ini-dia-poster-apbd-2013?nd771104bcj= |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhibi’na jughân molaè sajumla program sè terkait kalabân transparansi kadhieh ''online tax, e-budgeting, e-purchasing'',  bân ''cash management system''.&lt;ref&gt;BCC News Indonesia, [https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2014/01/140128_hague_jokowi Menlu Inggris dukung transparansi Jokowi],  aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt; Salaèn panèka, sadhâjâna rapat bân kagiathân sè èhadiri bi’ Jokowi bân Basuki èrekam bân èunggah ka akun “pèmprov DKI” è You Tube.&lt;ref&gt;Detik.com, [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2091106/ini-alasan-jokowi-setuju-rapat-pemprov-dki-ditampilkan-di-youtube Ini Alasan Jokowi Setuju Rapat Pemprov DKI Ditampilkan di Youtube] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117121244/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2091106/ini-alasan-jokowi-setuju-rapat-pemprov-dki-ditampilkan-di-youtube |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2014-03-15.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ghâjâ kampanye ===
Ghâjâ ber kampanye Jokowi kaangghuy dhâddhi Gubernur DKI Jakarta nekannaghi kasemmaan lansung dâ’ masyarakat kalabân adhâteghi langsung katèmbhâng ngompolaghi orèng è lapangan.&lt;ref&gt;Revianur, Aditya, Kompas.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/09/24/21074915/Cara.Kampanye.Jokowi.Patut.Ditiru.di.Pemilu.2014 Cara Kampanye Jokowi Patut Ditiru di Pemilu 2014], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi aklaim jhâ’ dhibi’na ahindarèh pamasangan spandhuk, poster, stiker, bân balèho nèng taman kotta otabhâ jhâlân karana mètorotthâ bhâkal arosak kotta, saèngghâ dhibi’na sacara langsung mukka’ spandhuk nèng adâ’na bioskop Mègaria, jhâlân Diponegoro.&lt;ref&gt;Afifah, Riana, Kompas.com, [https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/06/25/17131228/Jokowi.Copoti.Spanduk.Saat.Kampanye Jokowi Copoti Spanduk Saat Kampanye], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Salama kampanye pilkada Jakarta, Jokowi jughân èkaoninghi bhâdhi klambih tak-kotakkhâ, sè mènorotthâ èbellih sèttong jhâm sabellum mangkat ka Komisi Pamèlèan Umum Daèrah bân èdhâbuaaghi abhâkkèllè “bhârna-bhârni Jakarta sè kodhu èakomodasi ”.&lt;ref&gt;Rejeki, Sri, KOMPAS.com, [https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/03/21/10573968/Mengapa.Jokowi-Ahok.Pilih.Kemeja.Kotak-kotak. Mengapa Jokowi-Ahok Pilih Kemeja Kotak-kotak?], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Salasèttongah kakoathân Jokowi ḍâlâm akampanye panèka ghunaaghi media sosial. Salama kampanye pilkada Jakarta, dhibi’na aluncurraghi Jasmew otabhâ ''Jokowi Ahok Social Media Volunteer'', sè aropaaghi jâringan antar kalompok sukarèlawan tanpa bhâjâren.&lt;ref&gt;Perdana, M Andi, Tempo.com, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041528/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/12/230422972/Relawan-Jokowi---Ahok-Luncurkan-JASMEV Sukarelawan Jokowi-Ahok Luncurkan JASMEV], aksès 2016-12-04.&lt;/ref&gt; Salaèn panèka, Jokowi jughân abentuk ''media center'' bân mampo mamfaattaghi Youtube mènangka bâddhâ kampanye anyar. Pihak Fauzi Bowo dhibi’ ngakoèh kaunggulnah Jokowi nèng kanal panèka.

Adhâsarraghi hasèl audit Komisi Pamèlèan Umum DKI Jakarta ka Agustus 2012, pamasoan dana kampanye pasangan Jokowi-Basuki kacatet bennya’na Rp 16.31 milyad, samantara pangaloaranna depa’ Rp 16,09 milyad. Sabegiyen bennya’ dana èalokasikan kaangghuy spandhuk, alat paraga sabennya’ Rp 2,6 milyad, dana rapat umum sabennya’ Rp 2,1 milyad. Bhândhâh iklan cètak dhibi’ sabennya’ Rp 729 jutah, samantara bhândhâh iklan radio sampè’ Rp 516 jutah. Jokowi aklaim jhâ’ sabegiyen bennya’ dana èghunaaghi kaanggghuy kampanye “modâ” kalabân sasaran rakyat kèni’. Mènangka parbhândingan, pangaloaran kampanye Fauzi Bowo kacatet sabennya’ Rp 62,57 milyad, samantara pamasokan dana kampanyena sampè’ Rp 62,63 milyad.&lt;ref&gt;Afifah, Riana, KOMPAS.com, [https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/08/03/15402886/hasil-audit-dana-kampanye-fokenara-terbesar Hasil Audit, Dana Kampanye Foke-Nara Terbesar], aksès 2023-01-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cètra Politik ===
Bhârkat kampanyena salama pamèlèyan umum gubernur DKI Jakarta 2012 sè ajhânjiyaghi “Jakarta Anyar”. Dhibi’na melejèt dhâddhi tokoh nasional sè èkennal bersè, merakyat, bân mampu mamarèh masalah.&lt;ref&gt;Schonhardt, Sara, The Global Journal, [https://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/1104/ The Meteoric Rise Of Joko Widodo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117121318/https://www.theglobaljournal.net/article/view/1104/ |date=2023-01-17 }}, aksès 2014-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Namong, para’ pamèlèyan umum prèsiden Inḍonesia 2014, dhughâân katerlibathân Joko widodo dhâlem kasus TransJakarta èkocak jhângghâl èlèktabilitas Joko Widodo. Laèn panèka, akèbhât ghâncarrah kampanye celleng, mètorot Saiful Mujani ''Research and Consulting'' trèn kalèburnah masyarakat dhâ’ka Jokowi toron sampè’ 8% sampè’ April 2014.&lt;ref&gt;Agustine, Irene, Solopos.com, [https://www.solopos.com/2014/05/21/jokowi-vs-prabowo-dihujani-kampanye-hitam-tingkat-kesukaan-terhadap-jokowi-turun-509077 JOKOWI VS PRABOWO : Dihujani Kampanye Hitam, Tingkat Kesukaan Terhadap Jokowi Turun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903165213/http://www.solopos.com/2014/05/21/jokowi-vs-prabowo-dihujani-kampanye-hitam-tingkat-kesukaan-terhadap-jokowi-turun-509077 |date=2017-09-03 }}, aksès 2014-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontrovèrsi ==
Mantan tim suksès Jokowi èsangghu tanorok dhâlem kasus busway karaten, sampè’ kaloarghâna Jokowi èsangghu narèma dana busway karaten. Namong, Jokowi abantah hal kasebbhut, bân jhâksa Aghung Basrief Arief anhâgghesaghi kasus paèka “kitak otabhâ ollè èkoca’ ta’ nyangkut kalabâ Jokowi”.&lt;ref&gt;Poskota.com, [https://poskota.co/uncategorized/udar-kesal-nama-jokowi-dicokot-terlibat-transjakarta/ Udar Kesal, Nama Jokowi “Dicokot” Terlibat Transjakarta,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183922/https://poskota.co/uncategorized/udar-kesal-nama-jokowi-dicokot-terlibat-transjakarta/ |date=2023-03-25 }} aksès 2014-05-25&lt;/ref&gt; Jokowi jughân èkritik karana ta’ neppathi jhânjina kaangghuy mamarèh masa jabatnah mènangka gubernur Jakarta, maskèh Jokowi dhibi’ anyataaghi bilâ dhâddhi prèsiden, bhâkal lebbhi ghâmpang Jakarta andhi’ wewenang dhâ’ ka proyèk pamarènta pusat nèng ibu kotta.&lt;ref&gt;Sadiyah, Halimatus, Republika.co.id, [https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jabodetabek-nasional/14/03/25/n2z14s-jokowi-jika-jadi-presiden-lebih-mudah-urus-transportasi Jokowi: Jika Jadi Presiden, Lebih Mudah Urus Transportasi], aksès 2014-05-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhâdhâ sè ngangghâp Jokowi ta’ bisa ngatasèh banjhir bân macet.&lt;ref&gt;Taufiqurrohman, Liputan6, [https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/804030/jokowi-biang-banjir-jakarta Jokowi `Biang` Banjir Jakarta?], aksès 2014-05-05&lt;/ref&gt; Angghâpen jhâ’ Jokowi ta’ bisa dhâlem ngatasèh  banjhir bân macet è Jakarta anyebabaghi populatissâ toron.&lt;ref&gt;Candra, Bobby, Tempo.com, [https://pemilu.tempo.co/read/559429/banjir-dan-macet-bikin-elektabilitas-jokowi-anjlok Banjir dan Macet Bikin Elektabilitas Jokowi Anjlok?], aksès 2014-05-05.&lt;/ref&gt; Data  ḍâri BPS jughân anunjuaghi angka kamèskènan nèng Solo ongghâ nalèkana Jokowi dhâddhi wâlli kotta Solo.&lt;ref&gt;R Ferdian, Megapolita.com, [https://www.inilah.com/menggugat-sukses-jokowi-di-solo Menggugat Sukses Jokowi di Solo],  aksès 2014-05-05.&lt;/ref&gt; Melesatthâ popularitas Jokowi jughân èkritik mènangka pangaro mèdia sè segghut anunjuaghi kabhâghusân Jokowi samantara kajhubâ’na ètotopè.&lt;ref&gt;Robekka Aritonang, Deytri, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/03/13/0029178/.Popularitas.Jokowi.Dikarbit.Media. &quot;Popularitas Jokowi Dikarbit Media&quot;], aksès 2014-05-05.&lt;/ref&gt; Salaèn panèka, Jokowi èkatèlaè nompa’ pesawat jèt nèng dhibi’na kaangghuy akampanye ḍâri Banjarmasin ka kotta Malang, sè èangghâp atentangan kalabân ghâjâ odhi’ sabiasa. Samantara panèka, ghuru besar Èkonomi Universitas Inḍonesia Taufik Bahauddin ngobhâtèrè kontrovèrsi sè kadhâddhiyen nèng pedata megawati kadhieh skandal BLBI, panjuâlhân BUMN, panjuâlhân kappal tanker VLCC pertamina bân panjuâlhân gas modâ ka Tiongkog bhâkal kaolang nèng perdata Jokowi.&lt;ref&gt;Ferri, Oscar, Liputan6, [https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/2028607/guru-besar-ekonomi-khawatir-kasus-blbi-era-megawati-bisa-terulang Guru Besar Ekonomi Khawatir Kasus BLBI Era Megawati Bisa Terulang], aksès 2014-05-05.&lt;/ref&gt;

dhibi'na bâḍâ Kontrovèrsi polè saampona  nunjhu' HM Prasetyo dhâddhi jâksa Aghung. HM Prasetyo èyangghâp ta'andhi' pangalaman sè cokop neng kajâksa'an bân èyangghâp mènangka tètèpan politik. &lt;ref&gt;Nadia Kemala Movanita, Ambaranie, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/20/18350431/Tunjuk.HM.Prasetyo.Jadi.Jaksa.Agung.Komitmen.Jokowi.Benahi.Kejaksaan.Diragukan Tunjuk HM Prasetyo Jadi Jaksa Agung, Komitmen Jokowi Benahi Kejaksaan Diragukan], aksés 2014- Novémber-17&lt;/ref&gt;

dhibi'na jughân èyangghâp ta' konsistèn karana ngangka' Airlangga Hartarto, katoa umum partai Golkar dhâddhi Menteri Perindustrian, saampona awwâllâ mènta Menteri ka'angghuy ta' arangkep jabatan.&lt;ref&gt;Ihsanuddin, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/01/17/13082141/diizinkan-rangkap-jabatan-oleh-jokowi-ini-reaksi-airlangga-hartarto Diizinkan Rangkap Jabatan oleh Jokowi, Ini Reaksi Airlangga Hartarto,] aksés 2023-01-22.&lt;/ref&gt; sabellumma Puan Maharani jughân ajabat Ketua DPP PDIP kabidhâ bhâkto saat ajabat Menteri Koordinator Pengembangan Manossa bân Kabudhâjhâ'ân.

kamunculna asma Jokowi neng soal ujiân Nasional bân kadhâtengna Jokowi ka kampus ITB jughân dhâddhi kontrovèrsi karana ènilai mènangka tinḍâkân politisasi.

Neng masa kaprèsidènna, Jokowi jughân nuay kecamatan salastarèna sala nyebhut kotta kalahirna prèsidèn RI partama Ir. Soekarno ḍâlem pidatona neng alun-alun kotta Blitar tangghâl 1 Junè 2015. Jokowi nyebbhut Soekarno bhâbbhâr neng Blitar, namong mènangka sejarah Soekarno èlahèrraghi  neng jhâlân Pandean, Peneleh, Surabaya. brempan kritik èalamattaghi ka bhâbhânna kadhi Setneg bân Tim Komunikasi Prèsidèn akibat aberri' &quot;bahan sè sala&quot; ka Prèsidèn.&lt;ref&gt;Galih, Bayu, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/06/06/10534211/surabaya.atau.blitar.politisasi.terkait.kota.kelahiran.soekarno. Surabaya atau Blitar, Politisasi Terkait Kota Kelahiran Soekarno...,] aksés 2015- Juné-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

Jokowi ollè kontrovèrsi polè bân protès luas ḍâri brempan èlèmèn masyarakat nalèkana ngajuaghi callon tunggal Kapolri Komisaris Jenderal Polisi Budi Gunawan ka DPR neng partengahan Januari 2015. Budi èyangghâp callon Kapolri sè &quot;ta' bârsè&quot; sareng publik bân toman dhâddhi ajudan mantan Prèsidèn Megawati Soekarnoputri sè èyangghâp mènangka politik &quot;beles jhâsa&quot;. Saarèh sabellumma èsahkan dhâddhi callon Kapolri bi' DPR, Budi Gunawan dhâddhi tersangka bi' KPK atas kasus dughâân  rèkenning ghendut. Prèsidèn Jokowi motossaghi ka'angghuy nunda pelantikan mènangka Kapolri sampè' prosès hokomma lastarè tor nunjhu' Wakapolri Komjen Pol Badrodin Haiti ka'angghuy alaksana'aghi tugas kasaarènna Kapolri. ahèrra Badrodin Haiti resmi èlantik dhâddhi Kapolri bi' Prèsidèn Jokowi ka tangghâl 17 April 2015, tor èghântè Tito Karnavian, samantara Budi Gunawan bâḍâ neng posisi Kepala BIN.&lt;ref&gt;Asril, Sabrina, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2015/04/17/09274001/Dilantik.Jokowi.Badrodin.Haiti.Resmi.Jadi.Kapolri Dilantik Jokowi, Badrodin Haiti Resmi Jadi Kapolri], Aksés 2015-06-14.&lt;/ref&gt;

Prèsidèn Jokowi  jughân ollè keccaman kerras salastarèna nandatangani paraturan Prèsidèn tentang ongghâna obeng Muka Mobil Pongghâbâ. Jokowi ngako ta' onèng Perpres sè tandatangani bân ahèrra paraturan kasebbhut ècabut. Namong ngaollè gelle'en ''&quot;I Don't Read What I Sign&quot;''.&lt;ref&gt;Asril, Sabrina, KOMPAS.com, [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2015/04/06/15311651/Mensesneg.Presiden.Jokowi.Cabut.Perpres.Uang.Muka.Mobil.Pejabat Mensesneg: Presiden Jokowi Cabut Perpres Uang Muka Mobil Pejabat,] aksés 2015-06-04.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pamberita'an congocoh ==
Karana aropa'aghi pamèmpèn sè muncul neng masa mara'na mèdia sosial, Joko Widodo aropa'ahi salasèttongah tokoh sè segghut èserrang kalabân pamberita'an congocoh, kadhi'eh andhi' orèng seppo Tionghoa, non-Muslim, katoronna PKI, mantoh ngandung neng loar kabin, bân laènna.

== Sombher ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0bl60egqv95nug9a8ac6noy958o6ktj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:Params</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>3367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>64995</id>
      <parentid>64874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-16T06:53:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>5223</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q122696746|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>64995</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="88000" sha1="jm8x5ug81bre69dpt2csm0n3owsmu2i" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT                ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest`
local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len)
	local idx = 1
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1
		if idx &gt; len then break end
	end
	return dest
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier
local a_modes = {
	duplicate = 0,
	transfer = 1,
	provide = 2,
	spare = 3,
	sacrifice = 4
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`,
-- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue`
-- `without_sorting`


	--[[ Private constants ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	keeping_at_most = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


	--[[ Private functions ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local main_frame = child_frame:getParent()
	return {
		frame = main_frame,
		opipe = child_frame.args,
		oparams = main_frame.args,
		firstposonly = static_iface,
		iterfunc = pairs,
		sorttype = 0,
		n_parents = 0,
		n_children = 0,
		n_available = maxfill
	}
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local vname, chr
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function new_substack (ctx)
	local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {}
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return newparams
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end
	local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|
-- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params)
	local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2
	local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {}
	while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do
		tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3
--[[
		elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2
]]--
		elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin =
				tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3
		else break end
	end
	local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil)
	for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end
	if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end
	tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then
		if tmp1 &lt; 0 then tmp1 = -1 end
		tmp2 = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp1 + 1
	end
	if tnamed ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin, tnew, mem
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params)
	local style, shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf,
		n_exist, params)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local keyw
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and
-- `evaluating` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain =
		{ true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix, gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix, gid = '', key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {}
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`,
-- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`)
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2
	local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering`
local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len == 0 then
		local stack = new_substack(ctx)
		for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end
		return len == nil and 1 or 2
	end
	if len &lt; 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len)
	return 2
end


-- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values`
local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	local stack = ctx.children[currsnap]
	for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do
		if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end
	end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local argc
	local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {}
	local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then
		varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
		set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami)
	else
		if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
	end
	if argc &lt; varsarg0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params =
			{ [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven }
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache, len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tmp
	local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == 'in_substack' then
		new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
		return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
	end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums =
		ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	if newval == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin, nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] =
						tbl[idx], nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local nmax, nmin
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp2, argc, pos, refp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end
	if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp2 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to
library.reassigning = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end
	local mode
	local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local val = tbl[src]
	if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	local argc = mode == nil and 3 or 4
	if val == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2])
	if mode == 1 or mode == 4 or (mode == 3 and tbl[dest] == nil) then
		tbl[src] = nil
	end
	if mode == nil or mode &lt; 2 or tbl[dest] == nil then tbl[dest] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, ptn
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch, ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local nomatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local yesmatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1]
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache, len
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	if do_sort then
		local words, wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of
--            additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument
--            N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	tmp = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local groups = make_groups(tbl)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args = gid, group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local tmp
	local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2]
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children =
			ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	local parent = tmp &lt; 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp]
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to
library.recalling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to
--[[
library.finding = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local parent
	for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do
		parent = ctx.parents[idx]
		if parent[arg] ~= nil then
			ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg]
			return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
		end
	end
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
--[[
library.picking = function (ctx)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	if ctx.n_parents &lt; 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len)
	else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil,
		ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to
library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx)
	set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing')
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header
			or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss =
			pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
		
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)

	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname, fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group)
		for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs,
			nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>jm8x5ug81bre69dpt2csm0n3owsmu2i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ꦄꦱꦶꦪ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>64962</id>
      <parentid>64433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T15:21:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rèng anè</username>
        <id>4736</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ reset ke versi bot</comment>
      <origin>64962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11055" sha1="9nseayxhg1lus9rvs84rq94c6e7xxs6" xml:space="preserve">{{Multiscript|Asia|ꦄꦱꦶꦪ|أسيا}}
{{ꦏꦺꦒꦸꦤꦴꦤ꧀ꦭꦻꦤ꧀}}
{{ꦏꦺꦴꦠꦏ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮ
| title = ꦄꦱꦶꦪ
| image = File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg
| area = {{convert|44.391.000|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=NG264&gt;{{cite book|publisher=National Geographic Society (U.S.)|title= National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World|location=Washington, D.C.|year=2006|page=264}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population = ꧇꧔꧈꧗꧗꧒꧈꧑꧖꧑꧈꧕꧖꧗꧇(꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔꧇)
| density = ꧇꧑꧕꧓꧇ ꦥꦼꦂ&lt;sup&gt;꧇꧒꧇&lt;/sup&gt; (꧇꧓꧙꧗꧇ꦗꦶꦮꦥꦼꦂ mi&lt;sup&gt;꧇꧒꧇&lt;/sup&gt;)
| demonym = [[ꦎꦫꦺꦁꦄꦱꦶꦪ]]
| countries = ꧇꧔꧙꧇(ꦱꦺ꧇꧕꧇-ꦤꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦶꦁꦱꦺꦁꦏꦺꦠ)
| list_countries = ꦝꦥ꦳꧀ꦠꦂꦤꦒ꦳ꦼꦉꦤꦼꦁꦄꦱꦶꦪ
| dependencies = {{Collapsible list
  |list_style = text-align:left;
  |1 = {{flagicon|Akrotiri dan Dhekelia}} [[ꦄꦑ꧀ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦶꦫꦶꦠꦺꦴꦂꦢ꦳ꦺꦏꦺꦭꦶꦪ]]|2 = {{flagicon|Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania}} [[ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦯꦩꦸꦢꦿꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪꦧꦿꦶꦠꦤꦶꦪ]]|3 = {{flagicon|Polo Natal}} [[ꦟꦺꦴꦱꦤꦠꦭ꧀]]|4 = {{flagicon|Kapolowan Cocos (Keeling)}} [[ꦑꦤꦺꦴꦱꦴꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦕꦺꦴꦱ꧀(ꦏꦷꦭꦶꦁ)]]|5 = {{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[ꦲꦺꦴꦁꦑꦺꦴꦁ]]|6 = {{flagicon|Makau}} [[ꦩꦏꦻꦴ]]|
}}
| unrecognized = {{Collapsible list
  |list_style = text-align:left;
  |1 = {{flagicon|Abkhazia}} [[ꦄꦨ꧀ꦏ꦳ꦗ꦳ꦶꦪ]]|2 = {{flagicon|Artsakh}} [[ꦄꦂꦡ꧀ꦱꦏ꦳꧀]]|3 = {{flagicon|Siprus Dâjâ}} [[ꦯꦶꦥꦿꦸꦱ꧀ ꦢꦼꦗꦼ]]|4 = {{flagicon|Ossetia Lao'}} [[ꦎꦯ꧀ꦱꦺꦠꦶꦪ ꦭꦎ']]|5 = {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[ꦡꦻꦮꦤ꧀]]|6 =
}}
| languages = [[Bhâsa neng Asia|ꦝꦥ꦳꧀ꦠꦂꦨꦼꦱꦤꦼꦁꦄꦱꦶꦪ]]&lt;!--ꦒ꦳ꦶꦏ꧀ꦠꦏ꧀ꦲꦺꦒ꦳ꦼꦧꦼꦪ꧀--&gt;
| time = [[UTC+꧇꧒꧇]] ꦑꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ [[UTC+꧇꧑꧒꧇]]
| internet = [[.asia]]
| cities = [[ꦢꦥ꦳꧀ꦠꦂꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦩꦺꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦤ꧀ꦤꦺꦁꦄꦱꦶꦪ]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ꦢꦥ꦳꧀ꦠꦂꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡꦤꦺꦁꦄꦱꦶꦪ]]&lt;!--ꦒ꦳ꦶꦠꦏ꧀ꦲꦺꦒ꦳ꦼꦧꦼꦪ꧀--&gt;
  {{Collapsible list
  |list_style = text-align:left;
  |1 = {{flagicon|Jepang}} [[ꦡꦺꦴꦏꦾꦺꦴ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Jepang}} [[ꦎꦱꦏ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|India}} [[ꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦻ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|India}} [[ꦢꦺꦭ꧀ꦲꦶ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[ꦏꦫꦖꦶ]] &lt;br /&gt;
{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦗꦏꦂꦠ]]
&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦧꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦥꦤ꧀]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦩꦺꦢꦤ꧀]]
&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦨꦼꦗꦼ]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Inḍonèsia }} [[ꦥꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦁ]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦩꦤꦢꦺꦴ]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ꦩꦏꦱ꧀ꦱꦂ]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Korea Selatan}} [[ꦱꦺꦪꦺꦴꦈꦭ꧀]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Korea Selatan}} [[ꦧꦸꦱꦤ꧀]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|China}} [[ꦱ꧀ꦲꦁꦲꦻ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|China}} [[ꦧꦺꦆꦗꦶꦁ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|China}} [[ꦒꦸꦮꦁꦗ꦳꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦈ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|China}} [[ꦲꦺꦴꦁꦏꦺꦴꦁ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Rusia}} [[ꦮ꦳꧀ꦭꦢꦶꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Rusia}} [[ꦤꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦱꦶꦧꦶꦂꦱ꧀ꦏ꧀]]&lt;br/&gt; {{flagicon|Rusia}} [[ꦪꦺꦏꦠꦺꦫꦶꦧꦸꦂꦒ꧀]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Filipina}} [[ꦩꦤꦶꦭ]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Iran}} [[ꦠꦺꦲꦺꦫꦤ꧀]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[ꦭꦲꦺꦴꦫꦺ]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|India}} [[ꦏꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦏꦠ]]
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[ꦠꦻꦥꦺꦆ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[ꦧꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Singapura}} [[ꦱꦶꦔꦥꦸꦫ]] &lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[ꦏꦸꦮꦭꦭꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦂ]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦡ ꦲꦺꦴ ꦖꦶ ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦲ꧀]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Uni Emirat Arab}} [[ꦢꦸꦧꦻ]]
  }}
}}
'''ꦄꦱꦶꦪ'''ꦄꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦫ[[ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮ]]ꦱꦺꦄꦭꦒ꧀ꦒ꦳'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦺꦁꦙꦸꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦄꦭꦺꦴꦁꦱ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦨꦁꦩꦒ꦳ꦱ꧀ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦤꦁꦨꦸꦩꦶ꧈ꦤꦸꦒ꧀ꦒ꦳ꦻꦧꦶꦧꦫ꧇꧔꧔꧈꧕꧘꧇ꦗꦸꦠꦏꦶꦭꦺꦴꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂꦥꦂꦱꦒꦶꦤ꧀꧈ꦎꦠꦧ꧇꧓꧐꧇%ꦢ'ꦤꦂꦧꦺꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦒ꦳ꦁꦨꦸꦩꦶ꧉ꦏꦝꦠꦺꦴꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦨꦸꦩꦶꦙꦊꦈ'ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦙꦼꦠꦺꦩꦺꦴꦂ꧈ꦱꦺꦥꦠ꧀ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦲꦺꦏꦲꦺꦝꦫꦶ[[ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿꦄꦂꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀]]ꦤꦼꦁꦢꦗꦤ꧈[[ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿꦥꦱꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏ꧀]]ꦤꦼꦁꦠꦺꦩꦺꦴꦂꦫ꧈[[ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪ]]ꦤꦼꦁꦭꦎ'ꦤ꧈[[ꦠꦱꦺ'ꦩꦶꦫꦃ|ꦠꦱꦺ'ꦩꦺꦫ]]ꦠꦺꦴꦂ[[ꦲꦺꦫꦺꦴꦥ]]ꦤꦼꦁꦱꦺꦴꦁꦏꦺꦂꦧꦫ'꧉&lt;ref name = 'KBBID Asia'&gt;{{id}}
Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia
{{cite web
|url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Asia
|title=Arti kata  Asia pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan
|accessdate=4 Desember 2019
|archive-date=2023-10-07
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007025410/https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Asia
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꦲꦭꦺꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦄꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦁꦱꦉꦁꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮ[[ꦲꦺꦫꦺꦴꦥ]]꧈ꦢꦸꦮ'ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦱꦺꦄꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦁꦏ'ꦢꦶꦱ꧀ꦱ'ꦭꦙꦸꦄꦱꦩ꧀ꦨꦠ꧀[[ꦲꦺꦈꦫꦱꦶꦪ]]꧉ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦏ'ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦄꦒ꦳ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦱꦺꦂꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦤꦏ꧀ꦗꦸꦧ꧀'ꦄꦒ꦳ꦶ꧈ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶꦪꦼꦤ꧀ꦒꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦁ[[ꦠꦺꦩꦺꦴꦂꦠꦼꦁꦔ]]ꦠꦺꦴꦂ[[ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦠꦼꦁꦔ]]ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦝꦻꦴꦎꦙꦤ꧀ꦭꦱꦤꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦼꦁ[[ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦠꦺꦴꦁꦒ꦳ꦫ]]꧈ꦔꦒ꦳ꦸꦔꦺꦒ꦳ꦸꦤꦺꦴꦁꦄꦠꦺꦒ꧀ꦒ꦳ꦶꦪꦼꦤ꧀ꦱꦝꦸꦤ꧀ꦚꦲꦺꦁꦒ꦳ꦶꦥꦤꦺꦏ[[ꦒ꦳ꦸꦤꦺꦴꦁꦄꦼꦮ꦳ꦼꦉꦱ꧀ꦠ꧀]]꧉ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦱꦺꦄꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦄꦧꦶꦠ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ꦝ'ꦧꦤ꧀ꦚ'ꦩꦤꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱꦥꦤꦺꦏ꧈ꦄꦥꦱꦫꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦤꦝꦧ꧀-[[ꦥꦫꦝꦨꦤ꧀]]ꦱꦺꦱꦫꦺꦪꦁꦄꦭꦺꦁꦒ꦳꧀ꦲꦨꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦲꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦫꦶꦱ꧀꧉

ꦲꦭꦺꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦫꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦄꦨꦝꦶꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦨꦶꦱꦺꦂꦏꦩꦎꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦝꦥꦫꦝꦨꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤꦄꦏꦝꦶ[[ꦩꦼꦱꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦠꦩꦶꦪ]]꧈[[ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦱꦺꦴꦔꦪ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀]]꧈[[ꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀]]꧈ꦠꦺꦴꦂ[[ꦥꦼꦂꦱꦶꦪ]]꧈ꦱꦺꦄꦒ꦳ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦩ꧀ꦱꦺꦱꦱꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦢ'ꦚꦼꦏ꧀ꦏꦂꦫꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩꦸꦥꦔꦺꦴꦤꦺꦔꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦼꦤꦶ꧈ꦥ꦳ꦭ꧀ꦱꦥ꦳ꦠ꧀꧈ꦄꦒ꦳ꦩ꧈ꦱꦩꦁꦱꦤꦥꦩꦺꦁꦒ꦳ꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦤ꧀ꦚ꧉ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦙꦸꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦤꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦄꦚꦼꦏ꧀ꦏꦂꦫꦩ-ꦄꦒ꦳ꦩꦫꦗ꧈ꦄꦏꦝꦶꦄꦒ꦳ꦩ[[ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ]]꧈[[ꦧꦸꦢ꧀ꦝ]]꧈[[ꦆꦱ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀]]꧈ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀[[ꦏꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀]]꧉ꦄꦗꦸꦩ꧀ꦨꦸꦤꦱꦙꦫꦱꦺꦚꦺꦴꦒ꦳ꦶꦤꦺꦏꦱꦭꦩ꧀ꦥꦱꦉꦁꦕ꧀ꦭꦺꦝꦶꦃꦄꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦪꦢꦠ꧀꧈ꦨꦱ꧈ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦨꦸꦢꦗ꧈ꦥꦂꦩꦺꦭꦄꦱꦶꦪꦲꦺꦏꦱꦁꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦤꦩꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦱꦺꦴꦒ꦳ꦶꦫꦒ꦳ꦩ꧀ꦩꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦺꦱꦝꦸꦤ꧀'ꦪ꧉ꦏꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦤꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴ꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦥꦒ꧀ꦒ꦳ꦸꦤ꧀ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦩꦎꦂꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦭ꧀꧈ꦱꦺꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱꦏꦼꦭꦧꦤ꧀ꦥꦩꦺꦙꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦄꦏꦝꦶ[[ꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀]]꧈[[ꦗꦼꦥ꧀ꦥꦁ|ꦗꦼꦥꦁ]]꧈[[ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦪ]]꧈ꦠꦺꦴꦂ[[ꦏꦺꦴꦫꦺꦪꦭꦎ'|ꦏꦺꦴꦫꦺꦪꦙꦭꦻꦴ']]꧉

ꦲꦭꦺꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶ꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦄꦥꦔꦼꦁꦒ꦳ꦸꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦁꦏꦁꦝꦫꦶ꧇꧔꧈꧗꧇ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦪꦂꦩꦤꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱ(꧇꧒꧐꧒꧓꧇)꧈ꦱꦺꦩꦺꦴꦁꦏꦱ꧀ꦥꦠ꧇꧖꧐꧇%ꦝꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦱꦶꦤꦼꦁꦝꦸꦤ꧀ꦚ꧉&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=http://www.economist.com/diversions/millennium/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=346605 | title=Like herrings in a barrel | journal=The Economist | date=23 Desember 1999 | issue=Millennium issue: Population | publisher=The ''Economist'' online, The Economist Group | access-date=9 Februari 2014 | archive-date=4 Januari 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104100155/http://www.economist.com/diversions/millennium/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=346605 | dead-url=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt;ꦤꦼꦁꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦤꦺꦏꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦺ꧇꧔꧙꧇ꦫꦤꦒ꦳ꦫꦱꦺꦲꦺꦏ'ꦄꦁꦒ꦳꧀ꦤꦺꦱꦉꦁꦄꦂꦏꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀꧈ꦄꦤꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦤꦺꦁꦤꦒ꦳ꦫ[[ꦫꦸꦱꦶꦪ]]ꦠꦺꦴꦂ[[ꦠꦸꦂꦏꦶ]]ꦄꦁꦒ꦳ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦱꦺꦩꦺꦭꦒ꦳ꦶꦱꦺꦲꦢ꧀ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦏꦼꦭꦧꦤ꧀[[ꦲꦺꦫꦺꦴꦥ]]꧉ꦡ-ꦏꦺꦴꦡ꧀ꦜꦫꦗꦱꦩꦺꦧꦶꦱ꧀[[ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦾꦺꦴ]]꧈[[ꦱ꧀ꦲꦁꦲꦻ]]꧈[[ꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦻ]]꧈ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀[[ꦗꦏꦂꦠ]]ꦄꦨꦝꦶꦥꦱꦺꦩꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶ꧈ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦙꦸꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦨꦸꦢꦗꦱꦺꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁ꧉ꦱꦤꦗ꧀ꦙꦤ꧀ꦩꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦥꦂꦨꦶꦝ'ꦄꦤ꧀ꦫꦗꦝꦊꦩ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦩ꧈ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦎꦠꦧꦎꦤ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦤꦒ꦳ꦫ꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦒ꦳ꦶ'ꦚꦎꦱ꧀ꦄꦝꦶꦧꦱꦱꦺꦭꦒ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦭꦺꦴꦁꦏꦁꦠꦼꦏ꧀ꦤꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ꧈ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ꧈ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦺꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶ꧈ꦔ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩꦩ꧀ꦥ'ꦄꦒ꦳ꦶꦝꦥꦂꦮ꦳ꦶꦠꦭ꧀ꦤꦼꦁꦥ꧀ꦭꦒ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦱꦤꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦭ꧀꧉&lt;ref name=McG-H&gt;{{cite web | title=Asia | url=http://accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=054800&amp;referURL=http%3a%2f%2faccessscience.com%2fcontent.aspx%3fid%3d054800 | work=AccessScience | publisher=McGraw-Hill | accessdate=26 Juli 2011 | archive-date=27 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127141127/http://accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=054800&amp;referURL=http%3A%2F%2Faccessscience.com%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fid%3D054800 | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꦱꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦨꦼꦂ ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Topik bennua Asia}}
{{Asia}}
{{bennua}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Bhângsa:Asia| ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Mamalia</title>
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      <text bytes="10702" sha1="8s0dogjnk5o91ugll2mjft1j2c17t3q" xml:space="preserve">'''Mamalia''' (ḍâri bhâsa latèn ''mamma:'' soso) otabâ '''kèbân sè nyosoè''' ana'en iyâ arèya kèbân ''vertebrata'' sè tandhâna anḍi' kalenjhâr soso (mènangka sombher kakanan ana'en), neokorteks, obu', bân tello' tolang è kopèng tengnga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Utoro, Eko &amp; Tin Zulaeha. (2024). &quot;My First Encyclopedia: Animalia Kingdom&quot;. Surakarta: Ziyad Visi Media. ISBN: 978-623-8595-06-8.&lt;/ref&gt; Tandhâ-tandhâ jârèya bisa abhidhâ'aghi kèbân mamalia ḍâri kèbân [[rèptil]] bân [[mano']], sè sebbhârân gènètigghâ bâḍâ è pèriode Karbon lebbi ḍâri 300 juta taon sè tapongkor. Ra-kèra bâḍâ 6.400 spèsiès kèbân mamalia sè ghi' bâḍâ sampè' satèya. Ordo sè palèng rajâ ḍâlem mamalia iyâ rèya Rodèntia (kèbân pengerat: anḍi' ghighi tajhâm ghâbây ma'ancor râng-bhârâng), hiroptera (bhâbbhuru), bân Eulipotyphla (landhâk susu, tèkos tana, celurut, bân laènna). Tello' ordo sè palèng rajâ samarèna iyâ arèya [[Primata]] (tamaso' manossa, kettang, binara, bân laènna), Artiodactyla (kèbân sè anḍi' koko ghennep, tamaso' Cetacea), bân Carnivora ([[kocèng]], patè', patè' tasè', bân laènna).

Ḍâlem kladistika (èlmo taksonom biologi) sè nyebbhut sajhârâna èvolusi, mamalia rèya tong-sèttongnga angghuta Synapsidaa sè ghi' bâḍâ. Synapsida bân Sauropsida (rèptil bân mano') tamaso' ḍâlem klad (kalompo' taksonomi ḍâri bângatowa sèttong) Amniota sè lebbi rajâ. Bângatowana mamalia Synapsida awwâl iyâ rèya Sphenacodontia è bâbâna Pelycosauria, kalompo' sè tamaso' Dimetrodon nonmamalia. Ahèrra pèriode Karbon ra-kèra 300 juta taon sè tapongkor, mamalia aranca' ḍâri ghâris Synapsida sè nojjhu ḍâ' ka rèptil bân mano' è jhâman satèya. Ghâris katoronan sè noro'è kalompo' Sphenacodontia abhencar dhâddhi pan-brâmpan kalompo' Synapsida nonmamalia sè acem-macem tor kadhâng sala èsebbhut rèptil sè para' paḍâ'â bi' mamalia- sabelluna meddhâl Therapsida è pèriode awwâl. Mamalia asalla ḍâri Cynodontia, kalompo' Therapsida sè lebbi tègghi. Ordo mamalia jhâman modèrn kaloar è jhâman Paleogen bân Neogen ḍâri jhâman Senozoikum samarèna dinosaurus nonunggas la taḍâ' (puna). Ḍâri 66 juta taon sè tapongkor, mamalia la dhâddhi kalompo' kèbân dhârât sè cè' bânnya'en sampè' satèya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Tandhâ dhâsarra bhâdhânna mamalia iyâ rèya anḍi' soko empa' bân kabânnya'an mamalia ngangghuy empa' ekstremitas ghâbây lokomosi dhârât. Tapè, pan-brâmpan mamalia anḍi' ekstremitas sè bisa adaptasi bi' kaoḍi'ân tasè', è bâng-abâng, è ka'-bhungka'an, è bâbâna tana, otabâ ghâbây ajhâlân ngangghuy duwâ' soko. Okoran bhâdhânna mamalia ra-kèra ḍâri bhâbbhuru Craeseonycteridae sè rajâna 30-40mm (1,2 - 1,6 inci) sampè' jhuko' paus bhiru sè rajâna 30 mèter (98 kaki) dhâddhi kèbân sè palèng rajâ sè la perna oḍi'. Omor palèng abit mamalia rèya acem-macem ḍâri 2 taon (akanta celurut) sampè' 211 taon (akanta paus cètak busur). Sakabbhina mamalia modèrn arèmbi' ana' kajhâbhâna 5 spèsiès Monotremata sè dhâddhi mamalia sè atellor. Placentalia iyâ rèya kalompo' mamalia sè bânnya' spèsièssâ bân anḍi' tmoni (plasènta) sè ghâbây aberri' ngakan ana'en salanjhânga bâkto gestasi (bâkto pembuahan sampè' arèmbi').&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kabânnya'an mamalia rèya kèbân sè pènter bân sabâgiyân mamalia anḍi' otak sè rajâ, sadar ka abâ'ân, bân bisa ngangghuy prabhut. Mamalia bisa abhânta bân asowara kalabânn pan-brâmpan cara, tamaso' ngasèllaghi ultrasonik, nandhâi bâu, aberri' sinyal alarm (tandhâ), anyanyi, bân ngangghuy ekolokasi. Mamalia bisa  ngator abâ'na dhibi' ka ḍâlem fusi-fusi, harem, bân hierarki, tapè mamalia ta' bisa solitèr (oḍi' kadhibi') bân tèritorial. Kbânnya'an mamlia rèya kèbâ poligini, tapè pan-brâmpan mamalia bisa dhâddhi monogami otabâ poliandri.

Domèstikasi (ngala' kèbân alas sopajâ bisa è obu dhibi') pan-brâmpan macemma mamalia bi' manossa dhâddi parkara rajâ sè aberri pangaro ḍâ' ka Rèvolusi Neolitikum, sè adhâddhiaghi manossa ngobâ sistem anyar berburu (nyarè kèbân) dhâddhi atanè ka'angghuy ollè sombher kakanan sè otama. Parkara rèya adhâddhiaghi rèstrukturisasi rajâ manossa ḍâri nomaden ḍâ' ka masyarakat sè aneptep bân salèng ato-bhânto antara kalompo' manossa sè lebbhi bânnya' bân dhâddhi sajân rajâ sampè' ahèrra adhâddhiaghi sèttong peradaban. Mamalia domèstik anḍi' kakowadhân ghâbây ajhâlân bân atanè, dhâddhi sombher kakanan (dhâghing bân susu), tor bisa amanfa'ataghi obu' bân kolè'na. Mamalia bisa èburukèya bân èaddhu ḍâlem olahraga, tor èangghuy dhâddhi kèbân ḍâlem èlmo sains. Mamalia la èjhâbhâraghi ḍâlem seni ḍâri jhâman Paleolitikum bân meddhâl kèya ḍâlem sastra, film, mitologi, bân aghâma. Sajân sakonè'na bitongan kèbân mamalia bân sajân puna polana bâḍâ parbhuruân bân marosak kennengan (habitat), bân sè palèng otama iyâ rèya dèforestasi.

== Klasifikasi ==
Klasifikasi otabâ kalompo'ânna mamalia la pan-brâmpan kalè èpateppa' ḍâri Carolus Linnaeus sè awwâl aberri artè kellas mamalia. Satèya, taḍâ' sistem klasifikasi sè ètarèma sacara omom (universal). McKenna bân Bell (taon 1997) jhughân Wilson bân Reader (taon 2005) aberri' rengkessân palèng anyar sè aghuna&lt;ref&gt;Vaughan, T.A.; Ryan, J.M.; Czaplewski, N.J. (2013). &quot;Classification of Mammals&quot;. ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/859168733 Mammalogy]'' (edisi ke-6). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1-284-03209-3.&lt;/ref&gt;. George Simpson (1945) asadiya'aghi sistematika asal-osolla bân hubunganna mamalia sè la èajhâraghi sacara omom sampè'ahèr abad sè nomer 20.&lt;ref&gt;Simpson, G.G. (1945). [https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/74123930-b874-44d0-8880-3884ae8c0def &quot;Principles of classification, and a classification of mammals&quot;]. ''American Museum of Natural History''. Aksès tangghâl 2025-01-27.&lt;/ref&gt; Tapè, ḍâri taon 1945, bânnya' kabhâr anyar bân lebbi rèncè sè ètemmo ghen nè'-sakonè'. ;Cateddhân paleontologi ḍâri fosil la èjhâbhâraghi polè bân è pan-brâmpan taon samarèna bâḍâ bânnya' parbhidhâ'ân pèkkèran bân kamajjhuwân ḍâlem dhâsar-dhâsar tèori ḍ6ari sistematika jârèya sè sabâgiyân meddhâl polana konsèp anyar sè èsebbhut kladistika. Maskè sè ètemmo è kennengan aslina (temuan lapangan) bân è laboratorium sajân adhâddhiaghi klasifikasi Simpson ta' noro'è kamajjhuwân jhâman, tapè osolanna pagghun dhâddhi sè palèng semma' ḍâlem klasifikasina mamalia, maskè bâḍâ bânnya' parsoállan sè la ètemmo.&lt;ref&gt;Szalay, F.S. (1999). &quot;Classification of mammals above the species level: Review&quot;. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology''. 19 (1): 191–195. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011133 doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011133]. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4523980 JSTOR 4523980]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kabânnya'an mamalia tamaso' ḍâlem kalompo' mamalia sè anḍi' tmoni, tamaso' ennem ordo sè anḍi' palèng bânnya' spèsiès. Tello' ordo sè palèng bânnya' spèsièssâ iyâ arèya Rodèntia, Chiroptèra, bân Eulipotyphla. Tello ordo sè palèng rajâ samarèna iyâ rèya aghântong ka klasifikasi biologis sè èangghuy iyâ rèya Primata, Cetartiodactyla, bân Carnivora.&lt;ref&gt;Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., ed. (2005). [https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp &quot;Preface and introductory material&quot;.] ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA1&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (edisi ke-3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;. OCLC 62265494.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mètorot ''Mammal Species of the World'' (MSW), bâḍâ 5.416 spèsiès mamalia sè la èkatao è è taon 2006, sè èpakalopo' ka ḍâlem 1.229 gènus, 153 famili, bân 29 ordo. È taon 2008, Uni Internasional ka'angghuy Konservasi Alam (IUCN) mamarè nèlai mamalia Global salanjhânga 5 taon ka'angghuy nyoson ḍâftar mèra IUCN sè aèssè 5.488 spèsiès.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/mammals &quot;Mammals&quot;]. ''The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). April 2010. È aksès tangghâl 2025-01-27.&lt;/ref&gt; Mètorot penelitian sè ètèrbi'aghi ḍâlem ''Journal of Mammalogy'' bâḍâ 6.495 spèsiès mamalia sè la èako è taon 2018, tamaso' 96 macem sè ghi' bhuru puna (la sakonnè' sara sampè' para' taḍâ'â).&lt;ref&gt;Burgin, Connor J; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Kahn, Philip L.; Upham, Nathan S. (2018). [https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/99/1/1/4834091?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false &quot;How many species of mammals are there?&quot;.] ''Journal of Mammalogy''. 99 (1): 1–14. [https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/99/1/1/4834091?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx147]. ISSN 0022-2372.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dèfinisi (Artè) ==
Oca' &quot;mamalia&quot; iyâ rèya oca' modèrn sè asalla ḍâri nyama ilmiah &quot;Mammalia&quot; sè èbhâḍhi sareng Carolus Linnaeus è taon 1758. Oca' rèya asalla ḍâri bhâsa Latèn ''mamma'' (konco'en soso). Ḍâlem sèttong publikasi taon 1988 sè anḍi' pangaro, Timothy Rowe ngartè'aghi Mammalia sacara filogenetik mènangka kalompo' mahkota ḍâri mamalia, sèttong klad sè asaalla ḍâri bângatowa sèttong ḍâri Monotremata oḍi' (èkidna bân platipus) bân mamalia Theria (marsupialia bân plasentalia) bân sakabbhina ana' potona ḍâri bângatowa rowa.&lt;ref&gt;Rowe, T. (1988). [https://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/rowe/Publications/pdf/010%20Rowe%201988.pdf &quot;Definition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118163712/http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/rowe/Publications/pdf/010%20Rowe%201988.pdf |date=2024-01-18 }}. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology''. 8 (3): 241–264. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011708 doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011708.]&lt;/ref&gt; Polana bângatowana rowa oḍi' è pèriode Jura, Rowe ta' mamaso' sakabbhina kèbân ḍâri pèriode sabellunna, Tria, maskè bâḍâ bhuktè jhâ' bânnya' fosil Trias è ordo Haramiyida la èpamaso' mènangka kalompo' mamalia ḍâri nga-tengngana abad nomer 19.&lt;ref&gt;Lyell, Charles (1871). ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=634gAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA347&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false The Student's Elements of Geology]''. London, UK: John Murray. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-345-18248-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Kèju</title>
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      <text bytes="5345" sha1="lvesgqhi4f2voamgkyvxtem1ur8fnhd" xml:space="preserve">'''Kèju''' iyâ arèya kakanan sè èhasèllaghi kalabân mèsa zat-zat padat ḍâlem susu lèbât cara pangentellân otabâ koagulasi.&lt;ref&gt;Affini, L., Nur'Aini, S., Setyorini, A., &amp; Zaidah, N. (2023). [https://journal.potlot.id/index.php/jurnalpelatihanpendidikan/article/view/17 PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM (SDA) DAN PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PEMASARAN: PEMBUATAN KEJU SEDERHANA DI DESA BUBAKAN KOTA SEMARANG.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426201122/https://journal.potlot.id/index.php/jurnalpelatihanpendidikan/article/view/17 |date=2025-04-26 }} JURNAL PELATIHAN PENDIDIKAN, 2(1), 1-8. Aksès 2025-04-08.&lt;/ref&gt; Cara pangentellân rèya èlakonè kalabân bhântowan baktèri otabâ ènzim tartanto sè èsebbhut rennet. Hasèl ḍari prosès kasebbhut degghik bhâkal èpakerrèng, èprosès, bân èpa'awet kalabân cem-macem cara. Ḍari susu bisa èproduksi cem-macemma variasi produk kèju. Produk-produk kèju avariasi ètantowaghi ḍari macemma susu, mètode pangentellân, tèmperatur, cara pamotongan, pangerrèngan, pamanasân, jughân prosès pamatangan kèju bân pangawèdhân. Umumma kèbân sè èpadhâddhi sombher aèng susu iyâ arèya sapè. Aèng [[susu]] onta, embi', [[dhumbhâ]], [[jhârân]], otabâ kerbhi èghuna'aghi neng pan-bârâmpan macem kèju lokal. &lt;ref&gt;Wulandari, R. (2022). [https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&amp;lr=&amp;id=0Sx7EAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=info:J8lqjTPLXNwJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;ots=5V4k74DkUq&amp;sig=O8iShnAWVFzZzjOpQMzN9nYhX7E&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Manfaat dan Khasiat Teh, Kopi, Susu, dan Gula untuk Kesehatan dan Kecantikan''.] Penerbit Andi. Aksès 2025-04-08. &lt;/ref&gt;

Kakanan rèya èkennal è sakabbina dhunnya, tapè parkèra'an awwâllâ èkennal è daèrah sakètarra Tèmor Tengnga. Maskè ta' bisa èpastèaghi kèju awwâl kalè ètemmo, mènorot lègènda kèju awwâllâ ètemmo sacara ta' sengaja bi pengembara ḍari  Arab. &lt;ref&gt;Maruddin, F., &amp; Baco, I. S. (2023). [https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&amp;lr=&amp;id=r0i5EAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=info:Xrh8vmsIEqUJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;ots=6odRdYS8AW&amp;sig=mCpq0iGYXFzjrs0XUwJ6TpqL0yA&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Dangke: Keju Tradisional Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan''.] Unhas Press. Aksès 2025-04-08. &lt;/ref&gt;

Keju anḍi' hampèr sakabbina kanḍungan nutrisi neng susu, akadhi protèin, vitamin, mineral, kalsium, bân fosfor nangèng jhughân lemak bân kolèsterol sè bisa nyebabaghi masalah kasèhadhân mon èkonsumsi sacara bânnya'. &lt;ref&gt;Aditya, R. L., Utami, Y. F., &amp; Nugroho, A. J. (2024). [https://ejurnal.kampusakademik.my.id/index.php/jipm/article/view/296 Pemanfaatan Limbah Keju Di Rumah Keju Jogja (Kejugja) Menjadi Kerupuk Whey.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408102144/https://ejurnal.kampusakademik.my.id/index.php/jipm/article/view/296 |date=2025-04-08 }} ''Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Mahasiswa'', ''2''(4), 377-386. Aksès 2025-04-08.&lt;/ref&gt; Besaran kanḍungan lemak è ḍâlem kèju apacaen ka jenis susu sè èyangghuy. Kèju sè èkaghâbây kalabân susu otabâ sè la ètambâè krim anḍi' kanḍungan lemak, kolèsterol, bân kalori sè tèngghi. Kèju cè' bânnya'en manfaatdhâ polana bânnya' nganḍung protèin, tarotama kaangghuy ana' kènnè' polana bhuto protèin sè lebbi bânnya' èbhândhingaghi orèng dhibâsa.&lt;ref&gt;Qullana, M. P. (2022). [https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&amp;lr=&amp;id=xZhpEAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=info:7UPC7_Ian9IJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;ots=VkAEFNRuUl&amp;sig=sjArh4AT4CZxjxsI5PM1Z33C1kw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Manfaat Susu Bagi Kehidupan. CV MEDIA EDUKASI CREATIVE.] Aksès 2025-04-08. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajhârâ ==

=== Asal-usul ===
Kèju la èkaghâbây sajjhâ' jhâman prasejarah maskè tadhek bhuktè pastèna bileh kèju partama kalèna èkalako. Masyarakat prasejarah molaè ningghâllaghi gaya oḍi' nomaden bân ngallè dhâddhi ngobu embi', dhumbâ, bân sapè. Polana kabhersèân sè korang, èkennèng sinar mata'arè kalabân langsung otabâ èkennèng panas ḍari apoy kantos susu ḍâlem bâddhâ kasebbhut dhâddhi asam bân kentel. Samarèna ècoba susu kasebbhut ghi' bisa èkakan, bân jarèya partama kalèna manossa nemmo kèju krim asam (''sour cream cheese'').

Kèju krim manès (''sweet cream cheese'') jughân ètemmo kalabân kabetullân. Bâḍâ lègènda sè nyarèta'aghi jhâ' pan-bârâmpan pemburu sè matè'è ana'en sapè, kantos èbukka' tabu'en bân nemmo sesuatu a bârna potè sè anḍi' rassa sè nyaman. Bâḍâna ènzim rennet è ḍâlem tabu'en sapè nyebabaghi susuna dhâddhi kentel, saèngghâ dhâddhi apa sè èkoca' kèju. Carèta laènna nguca'aghi jhâ' kèju ètemmo partama kalèna è Tèmor Tengnga bi' pengembara ḍari Arab. Pengembara kasebbhut alakonè parjhâlânan è padang gurun nompa' jhârân kalabân ngèbhâ susu è pelanana. Samarèna pan-bârâmpan abitdhâ, susu kasebbhut la aobe dhâddhi aèng sè pocet bân gumpalan-gumpalan potè. Polana pelana nyèmpen susu sè èkaghâbây ḍari tabu'en kèbân (sapè, embi', otabâ dhumbhâ) sè ngandung rennet, kantos kombinasi ḍari rennet, cuaca sè panas bân guncangan-guncangan è bâkto nompa' jhârân la ngobâ susu dhâddhi keju, bân samarèna jarèya orèng-orèng molaè aghuna'aghi ènzim ḍari tabu'en kèbân kaangghuy aghâbây kèju.

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    <title>Bhâthèk Dermayon</title>
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'''Batik Dermayon''' (aksara jhâbâ: ꦧꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦢꦼꦂꦩꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀) sè èkennal jhughân mènangka bhâtèk Complongan otabâ bhâtèk Paoman panèka macem-macem bhâtèk khas Indramayu, propinsi Jhâbâ Bârâ' kalabân motif pasèsèr sè aropa'aghi ''marine'' bân fauna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rasmadi |first=Sudedi |title=Mengenal Sejarah Batik Tulis Complongan Indramayu |url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/budaya/d-6530921/mengenal-sejarah-batik-tulis-complongan-indramayu |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=detikjabar |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motif panèka èbâdâ'aghi dâri kondisi geografis bân profesi sabâgiyân bânnya' orèng Indramayu mènangka orèng majâng è pasèsèr lao'na Polo Jhâbâ. È ḍâlem tèknik aghâbây bhâtèk Dermayon bâḍâ ti’-titi’ otabâ ti’-titi’ sè èator akadhi jhâjhârbâ’ân sè èsebbhut tèknik aghâbây lobang, otabâ è ḍâlem bhâsa Indramayu èsebbhut nyomplongi. Motif sareng teknik aghâbây bhâtèk Dermayon bhidhâ sareng bhâtèk laènna. Pusat produksi bhâtèk Dermayon bâdâ è kecamadhân Paoman, kecamadhân Sindang, Indramayu. Dermayon Batik ècathet mènangka Warisan Budaya Tak Berwujud Jhâbâ Bârâ' bân resmi èdaftaraghi sareng Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar bân Menengah RI kalabân nomor pendaftaran 372/M/2021. Indramayu panèka sala sèttong pusat penghasèlan bhâtèk sè palèng rajâ è Jhâbâ Bârâ', èbârengngè Cirebon, Garut, bân Tasikmalaya. Dâri empa’ wilayah gapanèka, Cirebon panèka sè palèng towa è Indonesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Raya |first=Wastra |date=2021-09-01 |title=5 Fakta Menarik tentang Batik Cirebon, Sudah Tahu? |url=https://www.wastraraya.com/5-fakta-menarik-tentang-batik-cirebon-sudah-tahu-september-2021/ |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Wastra Raya |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214132038/https://www.wastraraya.com/5-fakta-menarik-tentang-batik-cirebon-sudah-tahu-september-2021/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Bhâtèk Dermayon asalla nyamana dâri nyamana kona Indramayu, Darma Ayu. Ḍari Darma Ayu, masyarakat lokal pas nyebbut Dermayoan otabâ Dermayuan, artèna &quot;gaya Indramayu khas.&quot; Bhâtèk Dermayoan ampon bâdâ ratosan taon bân kabâdâ'ân sareng lokasi geografis Indramayu è pasèsèr Palabbuwan Cimanuk. Palabbhuwân Cimanuk panèka palabbhuwân sè penting bân strategis è pasèsèr lao' Jhâbâ molaè taon 1513 kantos taon 1515. Pèndhâpa'an batik Dermayon klasik èyangghep èmolaè è bâkto Karajaan Demak è taon 1527, ètandhai kalabân dhâtângnga bânnya' pengrajin bhâtèk dâri Lasem, Jhâbâ Tengnga, ka Indramayu lèbât perantara antara Bande bân Jeparaten. Kadhâddhiyân panèka èbuktèaghi dâri kesamaan antara bhâtèk Lasem bân batik Dermayon, sè kaduwâ'na èpangaro motif Cènah. Èmolaè, aghâbây bhâtèk èlakoni sareng binèna orèng jhuko' kaangghuy nyarèh panghasèlan tambahan, polana jhâjhârbâ'ânna cè' èghântong dâ' cuaca sè ta' bisa èprediksi sambi anḍi' bâbinè'na abâli dâri mancèng è dâlem bâkto duwâ' kantos empa' bulân. Salaèn dâri faktor ekonomi, rèng-orèng pengrajin bhâtèk aghâbây karyana mènangka wujud ekspresi dâri kaèndahan alam è sekitarra bân èinspirasi dâri mata pencaharian lakèna mènangka orèng jhuko'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-09-01 |title=Mengenal Batik Dermayon Asal Indramayu, Motif Khas Pesisir Laut dan Sejarahnya |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/09/01/094327278/mengenal-batik-dermayon-asal-indramayu-motif-khas-pesisir-laut-dan |access-date=2025-12-18 |newspaper=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Motif bhâtèk Dermayon ==
Dermayon bhâtèk aghâdhui motif khas sè aghâdhui flora bân fauna è pasèsèr Indramayu. Motif kembang ènggi panèka sekar niyem, kawung, srintil, tapak dhârâ, kajuh gorda, kembang ceplok, sareng kembâng suket. Motif fauna termasuk lasem urang, iwak etong, dan merak ngibing. Motif ''still life'' tamaso' gulden, silodbanji tepak, bokong semar, bân blenggi gapura. Tema acara ènggi panèka sawat pentil kuista, liris, kentangkliwed, tumpal pesung, obar-abir, sareng rajeg wesi. Dermayon Bhâtèk ngangghuy bârna sè cè' tera'na akadhi ungu, ijo tera', mèra, ijo, konèng, oranye, bân mèra, èpangaro dâri bhâtèk Cèna.

Satèya, Dermayon Batik, otabâ Batik Paoman, aghâdhui 50 motif sè èpatenaghi. Salaèn ampon è patèn, Bhâtèk Dermayon jhughâ ngaghungi sertifikat indikasi geografis sè bhâkal ètoronaghi dâri toronan ka toronan sareng masyarakat Paoman. È bân-sabbân kaèn bhâtèk bâdâ kode horop bân angka sopaja bisa ètelusuri bâkto tor nyamana pengrajin bhâtèk.  Bhâtèk Dermayon èdominasi motif flora bân fauna pesisir. Motif-motif panèka èpadhâddhi sèttong kalabân bânnya' lengkungan bân garis-garis sè tajem otabâ èsebbhut riritan. Kaangghuy warna umumna aghunaaghi kombinasi dasar cèlleng bân petteng bân bânnya' titik simetris sè èsebbhut cecek kalabân tèknik celup jarum. Saterrossa, kombinasi panèka èbhândhingaghi kalabân bhângon isen-isen otabâ sawut sè rèlatif panḍâ' bân gherrè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sombher ==
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  <page>
    <title>Kholilurrahman</title>
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[[Bhengkek:KH Kholilurrahman.png|jmpl]]
Dr. Drs. KH. '''Kholilurrahman Wafi''', SH, M.Si. (Bhâbbhâr 14 Juni 1960) panèka politisi, [[olama']], bân akaḍemisi sè samangkèn alaghungè mènangka Bupati [[Pamekkasân]]  pèrioḍe 2025–2030. Salèrana èresmi'aghi sareng Gubernur Jhâbhâ Tèmor, Khofifah Indar Parawansa, è tangghâl 19 Maret 2025 è Geḍḍhung Nâghârâ Grahaḍi, [[Sorbhâjâ]]. &lt;ref&gt;Arifin, Samsul (2025-03-19). [https://beritajatim.com/gubernur-jatim-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-pamekasan-2025-2030 &quot;Gubernur Jatim Lantik Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Pamekasan 2025-2030&quot;]. Èaksès 2025-12-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabellunna, salèrana alaghungè mènangka Bupati [[Pamekkasân]] pèrioḍe 2008–2013, bân anḍi' carèta sè lanjhâng è lègislatif mènangka angghuta DPRD Provinsi Jhâbâ Tèmor ghâbây ḍuwâ' pèrioḍe (1999–2004 bân 2004–2008), bân angghuta DPR Komisi VI Inḍonèsia pèrioḍe 2014–2018.

== Kâoḍi'ân ==
Bhâbbhâr mènanngka pottra ḍâ'aḍâ ḍâri ganḍingan KH Hasan Abdul Wafi (Sumberanyar , Tlanakan) bân Bu Hj. Aisyah Zaini (Galis, Pamekkasân),  oḍi' è lingkungan ponḍhuk Nurul Jadid, Paiton, [[Kabhupatèn Probolinggo|Probolinggo]]. Salèrana akabin bân Bu’ Hj. Roihana bân èbherkaḍhi  tello’ ana’. Salèrana jhughân Pengasoh Ponḍhuk Matsaratul Huda, Panempan, [[Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân|Pamekkasân]].

== Pânḍiḍighân ==

=== Formal ===

* [[:id:Sekolah_dasar_(Indonesia)|SD]], MI Negeri 1 Probolinggo, [[:id:Paiton,_Probolinggo|Paiton]], [[:id:Probolinggo|Probolinggo]] (1975) lambe' MIN 1 Karanganyar Paiton
* [[:id:SMP|SMP]], MTs Negeri 1 Probolinggo, [[:id:Paiton,_Probolinggo|Paiton]], [[:id:Probolinggo|Probolinggo]]  (1978) lambe' MTsN 1 Karanganyar Paiton.
* [[:id:Sekolah_menengah_atas|SMA]], [[:id:Madrasah_Aliyah_Negeri_1_Kota_Malang|Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Malang]] (1981).
* S1, Fakultas Syariah, [[:id:Institut_Agama_Islam_Negeri_Sunan_Ampel|Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel]], [[:id:Surabaya|Sorbhâjâ]] (1989)
* S1, Fakultas Hukum, [[:id:Universitas_Darul_'Ulum|Universitas Darul 'Ulum]], [[:id:Kabupaten_Jombang|Jombang]] (1989)
* S2, Magister Administrasi Publik, [[:id:Universitas_17_Agustus_1945_Surabaya|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945]], [[:id:Surabaya|Sorbhâjâ]] (2010)
* S3, Doktor Ilmu Administrasi, [[:id:Universitas_17_Agustus_1945_Surabaya|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945]], [[:id:Kota_Surabaya|Sorbhâjâ]] (2012)

=== Informal ===

* Ponḍhuk Pesantrèn Nurul Jadid, [[:id:Probolinggo|Probolinggo]].
* Ponḍhuk Pesantrèn Sidogiri, Pasuruwân.
* Ponḍhuk Pesantrèn Tebuireng, [[:id:Jombang|Jombang]].
* Ponḍhuk Pesantrèn Darul 'Ulum, Jombang.

* Pângasoh Ponḍhuk  Matsaratul Huda, Panempan, Pamekkasân. (Semangkèn)
* [[:id:Dosen|Dosen]] è pan-samponapan Perghuruwân Tèngghi Islam. (Semangkèn)
* Angghuta [[:id:DPR-RI|DPR-RI]] Fraksi [[:id:Partai_Kebangkitan_Bangsa|Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]] Pèrioḍe ([[:id:Daftar_anggota_Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Republik_Indonesia_2014–2019|2014-2018]])
* Angghuta [[:id:Komisi_VI_Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Republik_Indonesia|Komisi VI]] sareng lingkup tugas è biḍâng Inḍustri, [[:id:Investasi|Investasi]], Sa'èngan Usaha, [[:id:Badan_usaha_milik_negara|BUMN]], [[:id:Perdagangan|Dhâghângan]] bân [[:id:Koperasi|Koperasi]].
* Bupati Pamekkasân (2008 - 2013)
* Angghuta DPRD Provinsi Jhâbâ Tèmur Pèrioḍe (1999-2004 bân 2004-2008).

== Parjhâlânan Karir Organisasi bân Politik ==

* Kâtowa Pângoros Cabang (PC) Ikatan Pelajhâr Nahdlatul Ulama (IPNU) &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lezen.id/pilkada/profil-calon/bupati/pamekasan/3528/kh-kholilurrahman/1765 &quot;Profil Dr. KH. KHOLILURRAHMAN, S.H., M.Si. Calon BUPATI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN - Info Pilkada&quot;]. ''Info Pemilu''. Èaksès 2025-12-24&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kâtowa Pângoros Cabang (PC) Pergerraghân Mahasiswa Islam Inḍonèsia (PMII)
* Kâtowa Dewan Syuro PKB Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân.
* Kâtowa DPC PKB Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân
* Kâtowa MUI Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân (2005 - 2010)
* Bâkkèl Rois Suriyâh [[:id:Nahdlatul_Ulama|PCNU]] Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân
* Angghuta Da'i Polḍa Jatim
* Pamaḍḍhek LSM Maḍhurâ Crisis Centre
* Pamaḍḍhek Forum Lintas Partai Pamekkasân
* Angghuta Dewan Pakar ICMI
* Dewan  pamaḍḍhek Forum Fokus Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân (2000)
* Komisaris Otama PERSEPAM MADURA UNITED (2011 - Sâmangkèn)
* Kâtowa PSSI [[Kabhupatèn Pamekkasân]] / Kâtowa [[:id:Persepam_Pamekasan|PERSEPAM]] (2008 - 2011) &lt;ref&gt;[https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/706 &quot;KBR :: KENALI CALEG - DR. DRS. KH. KHOLILURRAHMAN,SH,M.SI : info caleg terlengkap&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613175507/https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/706 |date=2024-06-13 }}. ''kbr.id''. Èaksès 2025-12-24&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://tirto.id/tokoh/kholilurrahman-R2 &quot;Profil Kholilurrahman&quot;]. tirto.id. Èaksès 2025-12-24&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Hussein Jayadiningrat</title>
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[[Bhengkek:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Partini_met_Hoesein_Djajadiningrat_in_de_kraton_van_haar_vader_Prang_Wedono_(Mangkoe_Negoro_VII)_Solo_TMnr_60020660.jpg|ka|jmpl|312x312px|''Husein Jayadiningrat bân rajina, B.R.Ay. Partini, potrè sarèyang ḍâri Mangkunagara VII'']]
Prof. Dr. Pangèran Ario '''Hussein Jayadiningrat''' (èjhâ'ân kona: '''Hoessein Djajadiningrat''', [[Aksara Sunda Baku|Aksara Sunda]]: ᮠᮥᮞᮦᮔ᮪ ᮏᮚᮓᮤᮔᮤᮀᮛᮒ᮪, 8 Ḍèsèmber 1886 –  12 Nopèmber 1960) panèka sejarawan, sastrawan bân ilmuwan [[Sonḍhâ]], Hussein panèka sala sèttong sarjana asli sè lu-ghâllu è [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]] bân jhughân orèng asli sè lu-ghâllu sè narèma gellar akademik sè palèng tèngghi ([[doktor]]).

Husein panèka sala sèttong pelopor tradisi kaèlmowan è Inḍonèsia. È bâkto ghi' ngoḍâ, Hussein èkennal mènangka orèng ngoḍâ sè pènter bân anḍi' bakat, è ḍâlem èlmo aghâma bân èlmo bârâ'. Ngatèla' bakat bân potensi Husein, [[Snouck Hurgronje]] ngèrèm Husein ka Universitas Kerajaan Leiden ka'angghuy ajhâr kantos aghâdhui gelar doktor kalabân disertasi sè ajudul ''Critische Beschouwing van de Sadjarah Banten'' bân narèma gelar &quot;praised&quot; (''cum laude'') ḍâri promotorna, Snouck Hurgronje.&lt;ref&gt;Susanto, Sutopo (1982) ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/27359/ Prof. Dr. Husen Jayadiningrat: hasil karya dan pengabdiannya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106142416/https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/27359/ |date=2026-01-06 }}.'' Direktorat Sajhârâ bân Nilai Tradisional, Jakarta. Èyaksès tangghâl 26 Ḍèsèmber 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riwâyât Kaoḍi'ân ==
[[Bhengkek:Jayadiningrat1913_01.JPG|jmpl|Disertasi Jayadiningrat (1913)]]
Orèng towana engghi panèka Raden Bagus Jayawinata (R. Bagoes Djajawinata),wedana sè samarèna dhâddhi bupati [[Kabhupatèn Serang|Serang]] sè majhu, sareng Ratu Salehah, orèng asli Cipete, Serang. Kaduwâna toron ḍâri ghâris pangkat[[Kasultanan Banten|Kesultanan Banten]] (sè sabellumma ampon ''èlikuidasi'' sareng pamarènta kolonial). Kaka'na Husein, Pangeran [[Ahmad Jayadiningrat|Ahmad Djajadiningrat]], noro'è jhâlânna ramana bân dhâddhi bupati è Serang. Tarètanna sè laèn, Hasan, dhâddhi tokoh kalonta [[Sarekat Islam|è Sarekat Islam (Persatuan Islam)]] bân cokop apangaro è Jhâbâ Bârâ' è bâkto awwâl-awwâl gerakan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;Korver, A.P.E. (1985). [https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=82985 ''Sarekat Islam: Gerakan Ratu Adil?''.] Jakarta, Pustaka Utama Grafiti. Kaca. 251. Èyaksès tangghâl 26 Ḍèsèmber 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Husein lulus è taon 1899 ḍâri [[Hoogere Burgerschool|HBS]] (paḍâ sareng SMA) bân è taon 1905 nerrossaghi pangajhârân è [[Universitas Leiden|Universitas Karajaan]] è [[Leiden]]. Hussein aghâbây disertasi è bidang bhâsa bân [[sastra]] è sidang tangghâl 3 Mèi 1913, sè èjudhul ''Critische Beschouwing van de Sadjarah Banten'' kalabân promotor Snouck Hurgronje.  Saterrossa, sataon (sajjhâk Mèi 1914 kantos April 1915) Hussein alèngghi è [[Acèh]] ka'angghuy ajhâr bhâsa Acèh ka'angghuy nyaḍiyâ'aghi kamus Acèh sè ampon èrintis sareng mantan promotorra. Ahèrra, kamus kasebbhut marè kalabân bhântowan [[Teuku Mohammad Nurdin]], [[Aboebakar Atjeh|Abu Bakar Acèh]], bân [[G.A.J. Hazeu|GAJ Hazeu]] kalabân juḍul ''Atjeh-Nederlandsch Woordenboek'' (1934).&lt;ref&gt;Hoesein Djajadiningrat. ''[https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Atj%C3%A8hsch_Nederlandsch_woordenboek.html?id=xSCewFzBtU8C&amp;redir_esc=y Atjèhsch handwoordenboek (Atjèhsch-Nederlandsch)]''. Landsdrukkerij, 1934. &lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Masjid Al-Hilal Gampong Jawa Banda Aceh</title>
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Masjid Al-Hilal Gampong Jawa arojhu' dhâ' masjid sé bhâdâ é wilayah Gampong Jawa é Banda Aceh. Laén sareng Masjid Lajhu Al-Hilal Katangka é Gowa, Sulawesi Lao’ se aropa’agi masjid sé paléng towa tor bersejarah é Sulawesi Lao’, masjid Banda Aceh aropa’agi sala settong dhari bannya’na masjid sé tasebar é sa'antero dhaéra ka’dhinto.(1)

Paparéng onéng bhâb Masjid Al-Hilal (Gampong Jawa) è Aceh cokop èbâtesi è hasil panelusuran, bân ta' akaton sè ikonik Masjid Agung Baiturrahman otabâ Masjid Baiturrahim Ulee Lheue sè kalonta polana sejarah ketahanan è bâbâna tsunami taon 2004. (2)

Gâmbhârân
Lokasi : Gampong Jawa, séttong kampong neng Banda Aceh, andik riwayat dhibi' ménangka bhâgiyân dhâri kottah. Kabâdâ'ân masjid panèka èlengkapi fasilitas 'ibhâdâ è daérah kasebbhut.
Pentingna: Maské ta' andi' pangakoan sejarah nasional otabâ arsitektur unik akadhi masjid-masjid kuno laènna è Aceh (akadhih Masjid Indrapuri kalabân pilar-pilar kaju sè dominan otabâ Masjid Teungku sè aomor 400 taon è Pucok Krueng), masjid panèka abâdâhaghi pusat 'ibhâdâ bân kagiadhân agâma ghâbây masyarakat lokal.

Fungsi Sosial : Akadhi masjid-masjid umum épon é Aceh, masjid panéka ta’ coma aghuna ménangka kennengngan sholat, namong jughân ménangka pusat kagiadhân sosial sareng pendidikan Islam é tingkat gampong (dhisa).(3)

Masjid Jawa Al-Hilal Gampong lokasina e Banda Aceh ben merupakan sala settong objek wisata keagamaan e wilayah ka'dintoh. (4)

Lokasi sareng Alamat : Masjid ka'dinto bedeh e daerah Gampong Jawa ﬁ Banda Aceh.
Informasi Umum: Para Tamoy bisa nemmo tabhârân tikét, maréksa bhâkto operasi, bân néngghu lar olar bân foto dâri wisatawan laènna è situs akadhi Trip.com.
Pentingnga: Manabi Masjid Agung Baiturrahman lebbi èkennal mènangka ikon Aceh bân simbol katahanan è bâkto tsunami taon 2004, masjid-masjid lokal akadhi Masjid Al-Hilal pagghun aropaaghi pusat penting ghâbây masyarakat Gampong Jawa.

Tempat Wisata sè semma'

Engghi ka'dinto Taman Sulthanah Safiatuddin Banda Aceh  |  Masjid Baitul Musyahadah  |  Bustanus Salatin  |  Rumah Cut Nyak Dhien  |  Masjid Jami' Darussalam  |  Pantai Lampuuk  |  Stadion H. Dimurthala  |  Tugu Pena Simpang Mesra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cut |first=Nya' Dhien |author-link=https://id.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/banda-aceh/rumoh-cut-nyak-dhien-50640485?scene=DISTRICT&amp;locale=id-ID&amp;curr=IDR |date=https://id.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/banda-aceh/rumoh-cut-nyak-dhien-50640485?scene=DISTRICT&amp;locale=id-ID&amp;curr=IDR |title=Harga Tiket Rumah Cut Nyak Dhien [2025] - Promo, Waktu Operasi &amp; Ulasan |url=https://id.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/banda-aceh/rumoh-cut-nyak-dhien-50640485?scene=DISTRICT&amp;locale=id-ID&amp;curr=IDR |url-status=live |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=TRIP.COM |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

khusus kaangghuy Romana Cut Nya' Dhien mokka' sabbhan are 09:00–17:000

'''Alamat:''' G78C+PMF, Lampisang, Kec. Peukan Bada, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Aceh 23232, Indonesia

Rojhugân
1. https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/25969/#:~:text=Masjid%20Tua%20Al%2DHilal%20Katangka,Historiografi)%20%2D%20Repositori%20UIN%20Alauddin%20Makassar
2. https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/masjid-baiturrahim-saksi-kedahsyatan-tsunami-di-ulee-lheue/#:~:text=Masjid%20Baiturrahim%20namanya.,mendalam%20karena%20usianya%20yang%20panjang.
3. https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/21306/1/2014-Buku-Kisah%20mesjid%20dua%20provinsi.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106060337/https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/21306/1/2014-Buku-Kisah%20mesjid%20dua%20provinsi.pdf |date=2026-01-06 }}
4. https://id.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/banda-aceh/masjid-gampong-jawa-141530972/</text>
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'''Lamut''' panèka tradisi acarèta sè nyampaiaghi pessen bân nilai-nilai agama, sosial, bân kabudâjâ'ân orèng Banjar. Lamut panèka bhângon seni narasi, mirip sareng wayang otabâ cianjuran. Bidhâna wayang otabâ cianjuran èmaènaghi kalabân set gamelan bân zither, è bâkto lamut èlakoni kalabân terbang, alat perkusi sè èghunaaghi è dâlem hadrah. Orèng sè ghi' buru ètemmoè lamut serrèng nganggep lamut èpangaro Timur Tengah. È jaman karajaan Banjar èbâbâna Sultan Suriansyah, lamut tombu èbârengngè seni narasi Banjar laènna, akadhi Dundam, Madihin, Bakesah, bân Bapantun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yulianto |first=Agus |date=2015 |title=REVITALISASI KESENIAN LAMUT DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN |url=https://ejournal.brin.go.id/nw/article/view/5728 |journal=Naditira Widya |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=135–146 |issn=2548-4125}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pertunjukan Lamut èlaksanaaghi è malem arè molaè pokol 10:00 malem kantos pokol 4:00 malem, otabâ sabellunna sobbu. Oreng se acareta e Lamut nyamana Palamutan. È bâkto pertunjukan, Palamutan, sè ngangka' terbang ghâjheng è pangkengnga, toju' asandhing è tawing halat (geddhung tengnga), èkelilingi panonton sè aropa'aghi ngodâ bân towa, lakè' bân binè'. Otamana kaangguy reng bine’, badha kennengngan se esadhiya’agi e seddi’na geddhung tengnga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=operator |title=Tradisi Lisan Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan: Lamut {{!}} Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa - Kemendikdasmen |url=http://bahasa-dev.kemendikdasmen.go.id/artikel-detail/814/tradisi-lisan-banjarmasin-kalimantan-selatan:-lamut |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=bahasa-dev.kemendikdasmen.go.id |language=id |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106115209/https://bahasa-dev.kemendikdasmen.go.id/artikel-detail/814/tradisi-lisan-banjarmasin-kalimantan-selatan:-lamut |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajhara ==
Lamut asalla dâri Cèna, bân bhâsana aslina bhâsa Cèna, salastarèna èterjemahaghi dâ' bhâsa Banjar. Lamut dhâpa' ka Banjar ra-kèra taon 1816, èghibâ dagang Cèna ka Banjar terros ka Amuntai. Ca’epon, oreng-oreng jaman lamba’ sanget ngarga’agi karana ngeba bannya’na careta tor careta pangalaman dhari pan-saponapan nagara, se ecareta’agi lebat tradisi lesan. Caretana e Amuntai, Raden Ngabe atemmo dagang Cina se andhi’ kapal dagang Bintang Tse Cay. dâri dagang panèka, èpon pertama kalè ngèdingaghi regangan puisi Cina. Nem bulân saterrossa, Raden Ngabe narèma salinan puisi Cina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Molaè jârèya, Raden Ngabe ajhâr bân maos, ta' kalabân iringan &quot;layang&quot; (ngabber) sè èbârengi. Lamut molae akembang saamponna warga nyo’on elampa’agi sabban panen padi bagus. Bâkto Hadrah (tari tradisional) dhâpa' è daerah kasebbhut, Lamut narèma iringan &quot;layang&quot; (ngabber) sè èrengngè. Whujuk seni lisan panèka èsebbhut lamut karasmin polana èghâdhui hiburan è acara-acara kabinan, arè raya agama, bân acara-acara nasional. Lamut jhughân èghunaaghi dâlem proses batatamba (pabarasan). Oreng se andhi’ hajat se ekabuto biyasana keya ngajak palamutan. Oca’ “lamut” èkoca’ asalla dâri bhâsa Arab laamauta (ﻻﻤﻭﺕ), sè artena langgeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Kembhâng</title>
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'''Kembhâng''', èkennal jhughân mènangka kembhâng otabâ pospa, panèka struktur reproḍuktif ḍâri tombuwân sè ngembhâng. Biasana, kembhâng kadhâddhiyân ḍâri  empa' bâgiyân sè ngalènglèngi konco'na tangkai. empa' lapisan panèka tamaso': kelopak, panèka ḍâun sè èmoḍifikasi kangghuy nyangghâ kembhâng; mahkota, sè serrèng aèvolusi kaangghuy narèk penyerbuk; benang sari mènangka organ lake' kennengenna serbuk sari èhasèlaghi; bân putik mènangka organ binè' kennengennah serbuk sari ètarèma bân èpagerak ḍâ' sèl tellor. Manabi kembhâng kasoson ḍâlem kalompo', rumpun panèka èkennal mènangka perbungaan.&lt;ref&gt;Kristina. [https://www.detik.com/edu/sekolah/d-5643370/mengenal-alat-kelamin-jantan-pada-bunga-dan-proses-penyerbukannya#google_vignette &quot;Mengenal Alat Kelamin Jantan pada Bunga dan Proses Penyerbukannya&quot;]. Detik. 2021-07-14. Aksès 2025-12-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Perkembangan kembhâng panèka tamaso' proses sè kompleks sareng sangât penting ḍâlem siklus oḍi'na tombuwân kembhâng. Kabânnya'an tombuwân, kembhâng mampu ngasèllaghi sèl lake' bân binè' abhâreng. Serbuk sari, sè abâkta sel lake', èpangallè ḍâ' antara sèl lake' bân binè' ḍâlem proses penyerbukan. Penyerbukan bisa kadhâddhiyân è antara inḍiviḍu sè dhâ-bhidhâ, akadhi è ḍâlem penyerbukan silang, otabâ è ḍâlem sèttong individu, otabâ è ḍâlem kembhâng sè sami, akadhi è ḍâlem penyerbukan dhibi'. Pergerakan serbuk sari bisa èsabâbaghu sareng kebân, akadhi mano' bân serangga, otabâ sareng bhârâbg sè ta' oḍi' akadhi angèn sareng aèng. Bârna sareng bhângon kembhângnga abhânto è ḍâlem penyerbukan sè ampon dhâddhi otabâ berhasil.

Saamponna penyerbukan, sèl-sèl kelamèn bhâkal nyatu lèbât proses pembuahan, sè tamaso' tahapan kunci ḍâlem reproḍuksi sèksual. Kalabân pembelahan sèl sareng pembelahan inti, sèl hasèl pembuahan ngembhâng dhâddhi bibit, sè nganḍung struktur penting kaangghuy kelangsungan oḍi' sareng tombuna tombuwân sè anyar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.liputan6.com/feeds/read/5827811/fungsi-bunga-pada-tumbuhan-peran-vital-reproduksi-dan-kelangsungan-hidup?page=3 &quot;Fungsi Bunga pada Tumbuhan: Peran Vital Reproduksi dan Kelangsungan Hidup&quot;.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228234731/https://www.liputan6.com/feeds/read/5827811/fungsi-bunga-pada-tumbuhan-peran-vital-reproduksi-dan-kelangsungan-hidup?page=3 |date=2025-12-28 }} Liputan 6. 2024-12-20. Aksès 2025-12-27.&lt;/ref&gt; È bâkto sè sami, bâgiyân binè' ḍâri kembhâng aobâ dâddhi buwâ, è nalèkana struktur kembhâng laènna matè. Fungsi buwâna panèka kaangghuy alinḍungi bibit sareng abhânto penyebaranna jhâu ḍâri tombuwân inḍuk. Penyebaran bibit bisa èlaksanaaghi sareng makhlok sè oḍi', akadhi [[mano']] sè ngakan buwâ bân saterrossa makalowar bibit è bâkto muwang aèng rajâ. Faktor-faktor sè ta' oḍi' akadhi angèn sareng aèng jhughân bisa madhâddhiyâghi penyebaranna.

Kembhâng pertama kalè aèvolusi sekitar 150 kantos 190 juta taon sè tapongkor, è bâkto periode Jura. Tombuwân sè ngembhâng salastarèna aghântè'è tombuwân sè sobung bibitta ta' ngembhâng è bânnya' ekosistem polana kaontongan reproḍuktiffa. È ḍâlem pangajhârân klasifikasi tombuwân, kembhâng panèka dhâddhi karakteristik otama sè èghunaaghi kaangghuy mabhidhâaghi kalompo' tombuwân sè dhâ-bhidhâ. Sajjhegghâ èbuwân taon manossa ampon aghunaaghi kembhâg kaangghuy bânnya' kaparlowan: hiasan, obhât, dhâ'ârân, sareng parfum. È ḍâlem kabuḍâjâ'ân manossa, kembhâng negghuk perran simbolis sareng haḍir è ḍâlem seni, sastra, praktèk aghâma, ritual, sareng festival. Sadhâjâ aspek kembhâng—molaè ḍâri okoranna, bhângonna kantos bârna sareng aromana—nojjhuaghi câm-macâmma sè cè' bhâghussâ ḍâri dhunnyana tombuwân kembhâng. Kembhâng èmolaè ḍâri 0,1 mm kantos 1 m, ḍâri bhângon sè cè' kènè'na sareng sèḍerhana kantos sè èḍominasi è sabbhân penampilan tombuwân. Tombuwân sè ngembhâng èdominasi sabâgiyân bânnya' ekosistem è dhunnya, sareng kalompo' panèka dhibi' acakop bânnya' bhângon kaoḍi'ân, molaè ḍâri anggrek kènè' sareng câm-macâmma tombuwân pangan penting kantos ka'-bhungka'an sè jâ-rajâ.

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    <title>Mangkunegara VII</title>
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'''Kanjeng Ghustè Pangèran Aḍipati Arya Mangkunegara VII''' panèka Aḍipati [[Kadipatèn Mangkunagaran|Mangkunegaran]] kapèng pètto' sè marènta molaè taon 1916 kantos taon 1944.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mangkunegaran |date=2017-05-06 |title=Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara VII (1916-1944) - Puro Mangkunegaran |url=https://puromangkunegaran.com/kanjeng-gusti-pangeran-adipati-arya-mangkunegara-vii-1916-1944/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=Puro Mangkunegaran |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602125849/https://puromangkunegaran.com/kanjeng-gusti-pangeran-adipati-arya-mangkunegara-vii-1916-1944/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalowarga ==
Mangkunegara VII èlahèrraghi kalabân nyama '''Raden Mas Soerjosoeparto'''. Raden Mas pottra nomer pètto’ otabâ pottra nomer tello’ ḍâri 28 pottrana Mangkunegara V.

Pottrè sarèyangnga ḍâri Mangkunegara VII, [[Raden Ayu|B.R.Ay.]] Partini, akabin sareng [[Hussein Jayadiningrat|PA Husein Djajadiningrat]], sejarawan tor bangsawan ḍâri [[Kasultanan Banten|Kesultanan Banten]], sè è bâkto ghânèka ampon ècapo’ likuidasi sareng pamarènta kolonial [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlandhâ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bastomi |first=Suwaji |url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Karya_budaya_K_G_P_A_A_Mangkunegara_I_VI.html?id=9SgeAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Karya budaya K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunegara I-VIII |date=1996 |publisher=IKIP Semarang Press |isbn=978-979-8579-40-0 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Bhengkek:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_Mangkoe_Negoro_VII_en_zijn_echtgenote_Ratu_Timur_TMnr_60024352.jpg|jmpl|310x310px|KGPAA. Mangkunegara VII sareng Permaisuri GKR. Tèmor.]]

== Riwayât ==
Mangkunegara VII, sè èkennal è jhâmanna mènangka bangsawan modern sè aghâdhui kontribusi sè signifikan ḍâ' kaoḍi'ânna kahbudhâjâ'ân Jhâbâ bân gerakan kebangkitan nasional Inḍonèsia, ajhâr è [[Universitas Leiden]] è Bâlândhâ tello taon sabellumma abâli ka Inḍonèsia ka'angghuy aghântè'è pamanna, Mangkunegara VI, sè èpaèlang è taon 1916.

Kasennenganna Mangkunegara VII ka'angghuy nyarè èlmo ampon nyata molaè ghi' ngoḍâ, è bâkto pamanna [[Mangkunegara VI]] ta' maghi maso' ka [[HBS]], Mangkunegara VII mèlè ajhâlân bân oḍi' è lowar karaton; dhâddhi panerjemma Bhâsa Bâlândhâ-Jhâbâ bân mentri è tingkat kabupatèn. Sabâtara ghânèka, trèsnana ḍâ' kabhudhâjâ'ân Jhâbâ ètojjhuwaghi lèbât perran aktiffa è ḍâlem maddhek ''Cultuur-Wijsgeerige Studiekring'' (Lingkar Studi Budaya-Filsafat) bân lembaga bhudhâjâ Jhâbâ ''Java Institut'', ta' èsebbhuttaghi karya ilmiyana tentang simbolisme wayang ''Over de pancing-koelit (poerwa) n het algemeen en over de daarin voorkomende symbolische en mystieke elementen'' (1920).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Presiden Berikan Penghargaan Bintang Maha Putra |url=http://www.pojokpitu.com/baca.php?idurut=31849&amp;&amp;top=1&amp;&amp;ktg=Nasional&amp;&amp;keyrbk=Peristiwa&amp;&amp;keyjdl=Bintang%20Maha%20Putra |access-date=2025-12-27 |work=www.pojokpitu.com |archive-date=2016-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023203526/http://www.pojokpitu.com/baca.php?idurut=31849&amp;&amp;top=1&amp;&amp;ktg=Nasional&amp;&amp;keyrbk=Peristiwa&amp;&amp;keyjdl=Bintang%20Maha%20Putra |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pamarènta'an ==
Mangkunegara VII panèka pangobâsa sè èyangghep anḍi' pamangghi modèrn è jhâmanna. Raden Mas bisa ningkataghi kasejahtera'anna wilajâ Praja Mangkunegaran lèbât parkebbhunan (''onderneming''), khusussa ghulâ. Mangkunegara VII jhughân orèng sè senneng ka seni bân kabhudhâjâ'an Jhâbâ, bân khusussa adukung parkembhânganna musik bân drama tradisional.

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'''Degung''' otabâ sè èsebbhut jhughân Gamelan Sunda, èngghi panèka sakompolan alat musik sè èmaènaghi sarèng masyarakat Sunda. Degung minangka unit gamelan bân degung minangka laras èsto cè' bidhâna. Dhalem teori gâpanèka, laras degung atarempa' (aèssè) dâri degung dwiswara (tumbuk: 2/mi bân 5/la) bân degung triswara: 1/da, 3/na, bân 4/ti. Pan-bârâmpan gamelan degung segghut aghâdhuwân bilah cadangan nada -3/ni ka'angghuy amaènaghi komposisi dhalem laras Madenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mengenal Alat Musik Degung, sebagai Wujud Pelestarian Budaya Nusantara - Direktorat Kampus ITB |url=https://jatinangor.itb.ac.id/gamelan-sunda-degung/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Direktorat  Kampus ITB |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacara umum, bâdâ duwâ' artè parkara istilah degung:

# Degung minangka nyama parangkat gamelan.
# Degung minangka nyama laras bâgiyân dâri laras saléndro (adhâsaraghi teori Raden Machjar Angga Koesoemadinata).

Bâdâ pan-bârâmpan gamelan sè onèng bâdâ bân terros akembang è Jhâbâ Bârâ', antara laèn Gamelan Salendro, [[Pelog]], bân Degung. [[Gamelan Salendro]] biyasa èghuna'aghi ka'angghuy ngirèngè partunjukan wayang, tari, kliningan, jaipongan, bân laèn-laènna. [[Gamelan Pelog]] fungsina para' padhâ sarèng gamelan salendro, namong korang akembang bân korang akrab è masyarakat sarta jârreng èkaghadhu sarèng grup-grup kesenian è masyarakat. Parkara panèka anandhâ'âghi cokop kabhâkkèlanna saparangkat gamelan kalabân kabâdâ'ân gamelan salendro, samentara gamelan degung èrasa'aghi cokop ngabhâkkèlè kakhasan masyarakat [[Jhâbâ Bârâ'|Jhâbâ Bârâ]]'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jenis-Jenis Gamelan Sunda dan Asal-Usulnya |url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/jenis-jenis-gamelan-sunda-dan-asal-usulnya/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Indonesia Kaya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gamelan laènna èngghi panèka Gamelan Ajeng alaras salendro sè ghi' bâdâ è Kabupatèn Bogor, bân Gamelan Renteng sè bâdâ è pan-bârâmpan kennengngan, sala sèttongnga è Batu Karut, Cikalong Kabupatèn Bandung. Nèngghu bhângon bân interval gamelan renteng, bâdâ pandhâpât jhâ' kamongkènan rajâ gamelan degung sè samangkèn akembang, aorientasi dâ' gamelan Renteng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gamelan Degung |url=https://www.djuned.com/2021/08/gamelan-degung.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=djuned.com |language=id |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106190335/https://www.djuned.com/2021/08/gamelan-degung.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bâdâ gamelan sè ampon abit èkaloppaè èngghi panèka Koromong sè bâdâ è Kp. Lamajang Dèsa Lamajang Kec. Pangalengan Kab. Bandung. Gamelan panèka ampon ta' èmaènaghi molaè sakètar 35 - 40 taon bân ampon ta' bâdâ sè sangghup ka'angghuy nabbu polana gamelan koromong panèka èangghâp aghâdhuwân nillaè mistis. Gamelan koromong panèka samangkèn ghi' bâdâ bân èrapat kalabân saè. Sopajâ gamelan koromong panèka bisa ètabbu, maka ca'èpon sè nyepheng bân arabât gamelan gâpanèka kodhu èghâbây Duplikatta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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      <text bytes="3598" sha1="ls8rhbj162qemouuay3lf6fjb6ma6h4" xml:space="preserve">'''Kecapè''' (è ḍâlem bhâsa Inggris: lute) èngghi panèka pakakas musik sennar sè èpettè' kalabân lè'èr (èpècè' otabâ ta' èpècè') sareng bâlâkang sè ḍâlem sè ngalèlèngè rongga sè alobâng, biasana kalabân lobâng sowara otabâ lobâng è bhâdhânna.&lt;ref&gt;Husnul Abdi dan Fitriyani Puspa. [https://www.liputan6.com/hot/read/5415188/alat-musik-kecapi-dimainkan-dengan-cara-dipetik-kenali-tekniknya?page=2 &quot;Alat Musik Kecapi Dimainkan dengan Cara Dipetik, Kenali Tekniknya&quot;]. Liputan 6. 2025-06-16. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Switzy Sabandar. [https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5240351/kacaping-alat-musik-tradisional-masyarakat-bugis-ciptaan-para-pelaut &quot;Kacaping, Alat Musik Tradisional Masyarakat Bugis Ciptaan Para Pelaut&quot;]. Liputan 6. 2023-03-24. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Aditya Mardiastuti. [https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6200791/sejarah-alat-musik-kecapi-cara-memainkan-fungsi-dan-jenisnya &quot;Sejarah Alat Musik Kecapi, Cara Memainkan, Fungsi dan Jenisnya&quot;]. Detik. 2022-08-27. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Najhan Zulfahmi. [https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-7397828/10-alat-musik-tradisional-indonesia-yang-mendunia &quot;10 Alat Musik Tradisional Indonesia yang Mendunia&quot;]. Detik. 2024-07-20. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Lebbi khusus, istilah &quot;kecapè&quot; bisa èmaksoḍaghi ghâbây instrumèn napaa bhâi ḍâlem kalowarga kecapè Èropa. Istilah panèka jhughân èmaksoḍaghi sacara umumma ghâbây instrumèn sennar sè ngaghungè sennar sè ajhâlân è biḍang sè ajhâjhâr kalabân tabèl sowara (è ḍâlem sistem Hornbostel-Sachs). Sennar èpasang ka pasak otabâ pasak è konco'na lè'èr, sè ngaggungè pan-saponapan macâm mèkanisme motâr kaangghuy mamampowaghi para pamaèn kaangghuy masekken tegangan è talè sabellunna amaèn otabâ malorghâ ketegangan sabelluna amaèn (sè tong-sèttongnga maobgghâ otabâ matoron naḍa talè), saèngghâna bhân-sabbhân sennar èsettèl ka naḍa tertentu (otabâ naḍa). &lt;ref&gt;Ayu Rifka Sitoresmi. [https://www.liputan6.com/feeds/read/5889998/cara-memainkan-kecapi-panduan-lengkap-untuk-teknik-dan-tips-bagi-pemula?page=6 &quot;Cara Memainkan Kecapi: Panduan Lengkap untuk Teknik dan Tips Bagi Pemula&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106060825/https://www.liputan6.com/feeds/read/5889998/cara-memainkan-kecapi-panduan-lengkap-untuk-teknik-dan-tips-bagi-pemula?page=6 |date=2026-01-06 }}. Liputan 6. 2025-01-23. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ira. [https://www.cnnindonesia.com/edukasi/20230327162233-569-929943/alat-musik-kecapi-sejarah-asal-fungsi-cara-memainkannya &quot;Alat Musik Kecapi: Sejarah, Asal, Fungsi, Cara Memainkannya&quot;]. CNN Indonesia. 2023-03-28. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kecapè èpettè' otabâ èpettè' kalabân sèttong tanang è bâkto tanang laènna &quot;fret&quot; (mècè' ka bâbâ) string ka fingerboard lè'èrra.&lt;ref&gt;Dini Daniswari. [https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/18/211534878/alat-musik-tradisional-kecapi-asal-cara-memainkan-fungsi-dan-bahan?page=all &quot;Alat Musik Tradisional Kecapi: Asal, Cara Memainkan, Fungsi, dan Bahan Pembuatan&quot;]. Kompas. 2022-02-18. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Kalabân mècè' sennar è kennengngan fingerboard sè dhâ-bhidhâ , pamaèn bisa mapènde' otabâ malanjhâng bâgiyân sennar sè agettar, saèngghâna ngasèllaghi naḍa (not) sè lebbi tèngghi otabâ se lebbi rènḍâ.&lt;ref&gt;Irwan. [https://rri.co.id/daerah/1928488/kecapi-mandar-warisan-musik-tradisional-sulawesi-barat &quot;Kecapi Mandar: Warisan Musik Tradisional Sulawesi Barat]&quot;. RRI. 2025-10-27. Aksès 2025-12-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Gusnar Ismail</title>
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Gusnar Ismail (lahèr è tangghâl 12 Dèsèmber 1959) panèka sala sèttong birokrat bân politisi inḍonesia. Salèrana atugas mènangka Gubernur Gorontalo ḍâri ḍuwâ' perioḍe, ḍâri taon 2009–2012 bân 2025–2030.&lt;ref&gt;Daftar Lengkap 481 Pasangan Kepala Daerah Dilantik Prabowo Hari Ini&quot;. cnnindonesia.com. 20-02-2025. Diakses tanggal 20-02-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Latar Belakang Pendidighân ==
Gusnar Ismail ajhâr è Fakultas Pertanian è Universitas Sam Ratulangi, sè èkaolle ghellâr sarjana è taon 1985. Saterrossa èterrossaghi ajhâr ḍâ' tingkatan ḍoktoral bân èkaollè ghellâr ḍoktor ḍâri Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga è taon 2010. Ḍesertasina èngghi panèka &quot;Kepemimpinan Islam ḍalam Administrasi Pemerintahan Ḍaerah: Penyeḍia'an Pemerintahan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liputan6.com |date=2025-02-18 |title=Profil Gusnar Ismail, Gubernur Gorontalo Terpilih dan Rekam Jejak Birokrasi |url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5912614/profil-gusnar-ismail-gubernur-gorontalo-terpilih-dan-rekam-jejak-birokrasi |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=liputan6.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&quot;

Gusnar mamarè penḍiḍighân SḌ è SḌ Negeri 1 Limboto è taon 1972. Saterrossa èlanjut è SMP è SMP Negeri 1 Limboto è taon 1975 bân è SMA è SMPP Negeri Gorontalo è taon 1979. Saterrossa Gusnar Ismail ollè ijazah Teknik ḍâri Universitas Samtulang Rai è taon 1985 kalabân ghellâr insinyur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=KBR |title=KBR :: KENALI CALEG - DR. Ir. H. GUSNAR ISMAIL, MM : info caleg terlengkap |url=https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/5009.html |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=id |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811063652/https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/5009.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sarjana Manajemen ḍâri STIE Widya Jayakarta taon 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi |url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_mahasiswa/N0YzNzkzQkItRTI2RS00MDM0LUFERTktMUM4MkYwNDMxQkU5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811063653/https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_mahasiswa/N0YzNzkzQkItRTI2RS00MDM0LUFERTktMUM4MkYwNDMxQkU5 |archive-date=2023-08-11 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; È taon 2024, salèrana  lulus kalabân ghellâr doktor ḍâri Program Pascasarjana è Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BERNAS JOGJA, Sabtu 13 Februari 2010, hal.5, |date=2011-04-18 |title=GUBERNUR GORONTALO LULUS DOKTOR UIN SUKA |url=http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/42/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123222903/http://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/42/ |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=digilib.uin-suka.ac.id |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalakowan ==
Karir Gusnar è pamarènta'an èmolaè è tingkatan kottah. Salèrana atugas mènangka Kapala Kantor Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kota Gorontalo è taon 1991, bân è taon 1996 èangghep mènangka Asisten Aḍministrasi Pembangunan è Sekretariat Ḍaerah Kotta Gorontalo. ḍutaon saterrossa, Gusnar Ismail atugas mènangka Katowa Baḍan Perencanaan Pembangunan Ḍaerah Kota Gorontalo (Bappeḍa), bân è taon 2000 èangghep mènangka Sekretaris Ḍaerah Kota Gorontalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

È taon 2001, Gusnar maso' ka politik bân èpèlè bâkkèl Gubernur Gorontalo, èbhârengngè Faḍel Muhammad. Salèrana atugas è posisi panèka ḍâri ḍuwâ' perioḍe: 2001-2006 bân 2007-2009. Saellana Faḍel Muhammaḍ dhâddhi Mentri Kelautan bân Perikanan, Gusnar ongghâ dhâddhi Gubernur Gorontalo è tangghâl 29 Ḍèsèmber 2009, bân atugas kantos taon 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

È bâkto karir politik, Gusnar Ismail èkennal kalabân angghuta Partai Ḍemokrat sè èkennal è wilayah Gorontalo. Salèrana jhughân aktif è pan-bârâmpan organisasi, akadhi Panitia Pemuḍa Nasional inḍonesia (KNPI), Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI), Gerakan Reformasi Pemuḍa inḍonesia (AMPI), bân Himpunan Intelektual Muslim inḍonesia (ICMI).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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'''Adityawarman''' panèka rato bân panerros ḍâri dinasti Mauli è masa Kerajaan Malajhu. Adityawarman ngallè ibukota karaja'an Malajhu ka Pagaruyung, bân ḍâri manuskrip pangoko'enna, Adityawarma dhâddhi pangobâsa è Malayapura Suvarnabhumi otabâ Kanakamedini è taon 1347 kalabân  gellar '''Maharajadiraja''' '''Srīmat Srī Udayādityawarma Pratāpaparākrama Rājendra Maulimāli Warmadewa''' bân è buḍi arè ibu kota ḍâri kara'an panèka èyallè ka ḍaèra peloso' Minangkabau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Client Challenge |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/381304002/Inscription-of-Majapahit-pdf |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=id.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asal-Mowasal ==
Kalabân dhâsar Prasasti Kuburajo, Adityawarman panèka potra lakè' ḍâri Adwayawarman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bijdragen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104978 |title=Tot De Taal-land-en Volkenkunde Van Nederlandsch-indie Deel.1 (1853) Tot En Met Deel.90 (1933) Met Alphabetisch Register |date=1933}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tatapè, ḍâlem Prasasti Bukit Gombak èsebbhutaghi jhâ' Adityawarman panèka potra ḍâri Adwayadwaja. Tapè ḍâlem Prasti Bukit Gombak èsebbhutaghi jhâ' Adityawarman panèka potrana Adwayadwaja. Nyama panèka paḍâ kalabân nyama sala sèttong pongghâbâ penting Karaja'an Singhasari (''Rakryān Mahāmantri Dyah Adwayabrahma'') sè è taon 1286 ngaterraghi Arca Amoghapasa ka'angghuy èyokèr è dharmasraya mènangka hadiah ḍâri Raja Singhasari Kertanagara ḍâ' Rato Malajhu Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli kalabân Warmadewa. Adityawarman ḍâlem Paraton&lt;ref&gt;Mangkudimedja, R.M., (1979), ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/25135/1/SERAT%20PARARATON%20KEN%20AROK%203.pdf Serat Pararaton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106074836/https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/25135/1/SERAT%20PARARATON%20KEN%20AROK%203.pdf |date=2026-01-06 }}''. Allè Aksara bân allè bhâsa Hardjana HP. Jakarta, Departemen P bân K, Proyek ''Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah''.&lt;/ref&gt; bân Kidung Panji ''Wijayakrama'' èsebbhut kalabân nyama Pangèran Janaka sè agellar ''Mantrolot Warmadewa''. Èbhuna anyama Dara Jingga potrè karaja'an Malajhu è Dharmasraya. Dara Jingga asareng alè'na Dara Petak noro' asareng tim Ekspedisi Pamalayu sè abâli ka Jhâbâ è taon 1293. Ahli wâris Kertanagara sè anyama Raden Wijaya ngala' Dara Petak mènangka permaisuri bân jhâ' Dara Jingga ''sira alaki dewa,'' panèka alakè bangsawan.

Pendapat laèn ngoca'aghi jhâ' Adityawarman jhughân aropa'aghi ana' ḍâri Raden Wijaya, sè artèna Raden Wijaya benni coma abinè Dara Perak, namong jhughân abinè empa' potrèna Kertanagara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Muljana |first=Slamet |url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Nagarakretagama_dan_tafsir_sejarahnya.html?hl=id&amp;id=Vq8sAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |title=Nagarakretagama dan tafsir sejarahnya |date=1979 |publisher=Bhratara Karya Aksara |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muhammad Yamin apendapat jhâ' Adityawarman lahèr è Siguntur (Kabupatèn Dharmasraya, Sumatra Bârâ' samangkèn). È bâkto ghi' ngoḍâ Adityawarman mangkat ka Majapahit, karana rama otabâ èbhuna anḍi' perhubungan ḍârâ sareng permaisuri rato majapahit sè kapèng sèttong, Kertarajasa Jayawardana. Adityawarman èyangghep tarètan ḍâri rato Jayanegara sè ta' anḍi' potra. Karana, menorot adhât adityawarman sè palèng semma' ghâbay ghântèna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jakarta |first=Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Provinsi DKI |title=Gajah Mada : Pahlawan Persatuan Nusantara |url=https://perpustakaan.jakarta.go.id/book/detail?cn=INLIS000000000818891 |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=JAKLITERA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Francisca Christy Rosana</title>
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      <text bytes="3295" sha1="szkqd7c9y5k74uz1b75qbag2s6df9fc" xml:space="preserve">Francisca Christy Rosana otabâ sè toman èolok Cica panèka wartawan biḍâng politik Tempo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Teror kepala babi dan bangkai tikus yang dipenggal ke kantor redaksi Tempo – 'Kondisi pers nasional tidak sedang baik-baik saja' |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cvg5lxnzzv4o |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=BBC News Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Panèka èkennal mènangka sala sèttong pambhâbhâ ''acara siniar Bocor Alus Politik'' è kanal ''YouTube Tempo.co.''

È bulân Maret 2025, panèka narèma macem-macem tèror, antarana iyâ arèya pakèt kopala bhâbhi sè èkèrèm dâ' kantor Tempo, ''doksing'' lèbhât mèdia sosial, èolok lèbhât tèlpon sarta ètotol sareng orèng sè tak èkennal, sarta akun ''WhatsApp'' ghâḍhuwanna èbhuna èrètas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=detikcom |first=Tim |title=Cica Wartawan Tempo Dikirim Paket Kepala Babi |url=https://www.detik.com/sumbagsel/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-7833852/cica-wartawan-tempo-dikirim-paket-kepala-babi |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=detiksumbagsel |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 Maret 2025 {{!}} 16.41 WIB |title=Breaking News: Kantor Tempo Mendapat Kiriman Kepala Babi |url=https://www.tempo.co/politik/breaking-news-kantor-tempo-mendapat-kiriman-kepala-babi-1222156 |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Tempo |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

È bulân Agustus 2025, panèka ollè pènyalèyan ''Udin Award'' ḍâri Aliansi Jurnalis Independen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Papua |first=Suara |date=2025-08-09 |title=Dua Wartawan Raih Udin Award 2025 |url=https://suarapapua.com/2025/08/09/dua-wartawan-raih-udin-award-2025/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Suara Papua |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pandidighân ==
Cica panèka lulusan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada taon 2014. Sataon salastarèna lulus, panèka molaè alako è Tempo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Teror kepala babi dan bangkai tikus yang dipenggal ke kantor redaksi Tempo – 'Kondisi pers nasional tidak sedang baik-baik saja' |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cvg5lxnzzv4o |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=BBC News Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penyalèyan ==
È tangghâl 8 Agustus 2025, panèka narèma pènyalèyan ''Udin Award 2025'' sè èparèngaghi è dâlem acara pèngettan arè olang taon Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) sè kapèng 31 è Jakarta. È dâlem macem-macem tèror sè èrassa'aghi, Cica èpèkkèr terros aghâḍhuwi dhèdhikaasi è biḍâng jurnalistik bân tak matoron kualitas bhritâna. Selaèn Cica, jurnalis Tribun Sorong sè nyamana Safwan Ashari Raharusun jhughân narema pènyalèyan sè paḍâ. Sataon sabelumma, panèka abhâreng tim ''Bocor Alus Politik'' narèma pènyalèyan ''Oktovianus Pogau'' bân ''Udin Award''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-11 |title=30 Tahun Aji, Tantangan Media, Bocor Alus Peroleh Udin Award hingga Foto Pilu Proyek PSN |url=https://www.pijarnews.com/30-tahun-aji-tantangan-media-bocor-alus-peroleh-udin-award-hingga-foto-pilu-proyek-psn/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |language=id |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106131906/https://www.pijarnews.com/30-tahun-aji-tantangan-media-bocor-alus-peroleh-udin-award-hingga-foto-pilu-proyek-psn/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''Ibn Abi Hatim''' ( {{Lang-ar|ابن أبي حاتم}}  ) panèka ahli hadis sè ampon ngabdhi sabâgiyân bânnya' bâktona ka'angghuy ajhâr hadis Nabi; Ngalakonè parjhâlânan nyarè hadis ([[Bhâsa Arab|Arab]]: رحلة) ka bhân-sabbhân naghârâ è wilajâ [[Islam]], ngalakonè kritik sanad hadis sè èkaollè, bân nolès bânnya' karya penting è bidang hadis; tamaso’ bidang-bidang laèn, akadhi bidang tafsèr, fikih, [[Ushul Fikkih|ushul fikih]] sareng salaènna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=EI1 |date=2022-02-09 |title=Abi Hatim, Abdurrahman Bin |url=https://ensiklopediaislam.id/abi-hatim-abdurrahman-bin/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Ensiklopedia Islam |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106054901/https://ensiklopediaislam.id/abi-hatim-abdurrahman-bin/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Karana ''kontribusi'' Ibnu Hatim sè sanget rajâ ḍâ' Islam, khusussa è bidang hadis, sarta ''integritas'' sè tèngghi, olama'-olama' abherri' bânnya' gellar kahormatan, è antarana: ''Al-Imam'' (imam, ''panutan''), ''An-Naqid'' (kritikus), bân salaènna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dien |first=Ad-Dien |title=Tazkiratul Huffaz Imam Az-Zahabi |url=https://www.academia.edu/8469791/Tazkiratul_Huffaz_Imam_Az_Zahabi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riwayât Kaoḍi'ân ==
Nyama aslina Ibnu Hatim panèka Abu Muhammad Abdurrahman bin Muhammad Abi Hatim bin Idris bin Mundzir bin Dawud bin Mihran bin Al-Hanzhali Ar-Razi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Husaeni |first=Uum Umaroh |last2=Musthofa |first2=Rikza |last3=Arifin |first3=Azis |date=2024-12-15 |title=KRITERIA KEABSAHAN SEORANG PERAWI MENURUT SYEKH IBNU ABI HATIM ARRAZY |url=https://jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/relinesia/article/view/2446 |journal=Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia |language=en |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=8–21 |issn=2961-7693}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahèr è Rayy taon 240 H sè kateppa'an kalabân taon 854 M bân sèdhâ taon 327 H kateppa'an kalabân 938 M. Ibnu Hatim rajâ bân akembhâng kalabân rabâdhân lansong ḍâri ramana, Abu Hatim )195 H - 277 H/811 M - 890 M), sè aropa'aghi tokoh rajâ Islam è jhâmanna, otamana ḍâlem bidang hadis Ibnu Hatim èsambhât mènangka hafidh rajâ (bhâsa Arab: الحافظالكبير).

Sa'amponna mamarè kajhiyânna ḍâlem Al-Qur'an, Ibnu Hatim molaè ngalakonè pangompolan hadis ḍâri olama'-olama' sè neptep neng kalahèrranna, Rayy. Akadhi ramana dhibi', Abu Zur'ah bân Warah, tor olama' lowar sè èntar ka ḍaèra kasebbhut.

Èbâkto dhimin, wilajâ Rayy aropa'aghi posat kaèmowan hadis. Salaèn ghânèka, è taon 255 H/868 M otabâ kateppa'an kalabân omorra sè ka-15 taon, Ibnu Hatm alaksana'aghi ibâḍâ hajji sareng ramana, bân sè nerrossaghi kalabân èntar ka Baghdad, Samara, Damaskus, Wasith, bân Kufah ḍâlem rangka ngompolaghi hadis, bân jèpo' aghuru ka Abdullah (213 H - 290/828 H - 903 M), potrana imam Amad bin Hambal, aghuru ḍâ' Abbas bin Muhammad Ad-Duri (200 H - 271 H/816M- 884 M), jhughân aghuru ḍâ' Utsman bin Sa'id Ad-Darimi (200 H - 282 H/816 M - 895 M) bân laènna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Blangkon</title>
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      <text bytes="3668" sha1="od8lbdurvnabchns63ifdc32qbb32cs" xml:space="preserve">[[Bhengkek:Ngayogyakarta-style blangkon, 2015-05-17 04.jpg|jmpl|Blangkon gaya ngayokyakarta kalabân paraddhâ emas, sè è angghuy ḍâlem kabinan]]
'''Blangkon''' (bhâsa Jhâbâ: ꦧ꧀ꦭꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ) iyâ arèya totop otabâ bando sè èangghuy orèng lakè' ḍâlem tradisi akalambi adhât Jhâbâ. sebthân blangkon asalla ḍâri  oca' Blanco ḍâri  bhâsa Bâlândhâ, istilah sè èghunaaghi sareng orèng ètnis Jhâbâ kaangghuy èmaksod bhârâng sè siap èangghuy. Hal ka’dinto atas parentana pamarenta kolonial Bâlândhâ karana bilâ bhângsawan jhâbâ èkompolaghi kaangghuy papangghiyân rutin ros-terrosan tabhâbhâs karana talèbât abit  sè nalè’è kaèn sè esabâ’ è cètak otabâ oḍheng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=agung |title=Rahasia di Balik Blangkon - Krjogja |url=https://www.krjogja.com/seni-budaya/1242636433/rahasia-di-balik-blangkon |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Rahasia di Balik Blangkon - Krjogja |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; okoranna betara 105 cm x 105cm. coma saparoh  ḍâri kaèn sè iyangghuy okoranna blangkon  è kala' ḍâri jara' antara ghâris  horizontal ḍâri kopèng kanna bân kacèr lèbât ḍâi bâgiyân attas. umuma anḍi' nomer 48 sè palèng kènni' bân 59 ghâbây sè palèng rajâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blankon Jawa {{!}} Visit Central Java {{!}} Indonesia Visit 2011 |url=http://visitcentraljava.com/blankon-jawa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027234714/http://visitcentraljava.com/blankon-jawa.html |archive-date=2011-10-27 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=visitcentraljava.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Blangkon panèka bando sè èangghuy orèng lakè' ḍâri kaèn bhâtèk&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Suara Karya Online |url=http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=169553 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131042447/http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=169553 |archive-date=2012-01-31 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.suarakarya-online.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; otabâ bâlurik. Blangkon saongghuna bando sè modhèren bân ghâmpang. ḍâlem kalambhi adhât Jhâbâ bân adhât Sonḍhâ blangkon iyangghuy kalabân beskap.

bâdâ empa' macem Blangkon:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pemerintah Kota Surakarta |url=https://surakarta.go.id/?p=24578 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=surakarta.go.id |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216153419/https://surakarta.go.id/?p=24578 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* blangkon Ngayokyakarta
* Blangkon Surakarta
* Blangkon Kedu 
* Blangkon Banyumasan

== '''Sajârâ''' ==
[[Bhengkek:Blangkon.jpg|jmpl|Blangkon totop cètak tradisional jhâbâ]]
Blangkon ka'dinto èpercajâ amponsè seppo aksara Jhâbâ, bân terinspirasi ḍâri crèta Aji Saka. ḍâlem crèta panèka, Aji Saka malèndhi Dewata Cengkar, raksasa sè anḍi' tana Jhâbâ, kalabân mukka' bando raksasa sè bisa notopi sadhâjâna tana Jhâbâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Liputan6.com |date=2022-07-13 |title=4 Teori Asal-Usul Blangkon, Penutup Kepala Pria Khas Jawa |url=https://www.liputan6.com/jateng/read/5012265/4-teori-asal-usul-blangkon-penutup-kepala-pria-khas-jawa |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=liputan6.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aji Saka jhughân èpercajâ dhâddhi  pangaddhek kalènḍer Jhâbâ.

Teori laènna aḍhâbu jhâ' blangkon è ghâḍhuwi orèng Jhâbâ polana pangaro camporan bhudhâjâ hinḍu islam. bâlijjhâ moslèm sè maso' tana Jhâbâ ḍâri pan bârâmpan kennengngan, tamaso' arab bân gujarat, kaḍâng blangkon èpercajâ asala ḍâri serban; tapè ta' kèra karana crèta  Aji Saka lebbhi ghelluh ḍâri ḍâtengnga islam ka Jhâbâ.

== '''Sombher''' ==
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    <title>Juḍika</title>
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'''Juḍika Nalom Abaḍi Sihotang''' (lahèr 31 Agustus 1978), èkenal sacara mononim kalaban Juḍika, salèrana penyanyi, aktor, bân proḍuser rekaman Inḍonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saraswati |first=Dyah Paramita |title=Jadi Produser, Judika Anggap Pengalaman Bernyanyi Sebagai Pelajaran |url=https://hot.detik.com/music/d-5626701/jadi-produser-judika-anggap-pengalaman-bernyanyi-sebagai-pelajaran |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=detikhot |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Juḍika molaè karir musikal è acara bakat nyanyian ''Indonesian Iḍol Season 2'' è taon 2005. Juḍika sukses ollè pangarghâ'ân ''finish runner-up''. molaè jâriya, Juḍika ampon molaè karir musik profesional, aghâbây single hit,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=9 Lagu Hits Jebolan Indonesian Idol, Judika Paling Ngehits |url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2022/04/26/180100/9-lagu-hits-jebolan-indonesian-idol-judika-paling-ngehits |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=suara.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kumpulan Lagu Judika Paling Hits, Lirik Lagu Romantis Cinta Karena Cinta dan Sampai Kau Jadi Milikku |url=https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2021/11/08/kumpulan-lagu-judika-paling-hits-lirik-lagu-romantis-cinta-karena-cinta-dan-sampai-kau-jadi-milikku |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Tribunjatim.com |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; makalowar album multi-platinum,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Copied! |first=Josep Marjosep Share Link |date=2022-12-07 |title=Dapat Penghargaan Multi Platinum Award, Judika: Hadiah Natal Buat Aku |url=https://musik.kapanlagi.com/berita/dapat-penghargaan-multi-platinum-award-judika-hadiah-natal-buat-aku-61045a.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=KapanLagi.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Suhendra |first=Ichsan |date=2022-12-05 |title=Sebarkan Harapan di Masa Sulit, Judika Sabet Muli Platinum Award |url=https://www.viva.co.id/showbiz/musik/1551466-sebarkan-harapan-di-masa-sulit-judika-sabet-muli-platinum-award |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=www.viva.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; nojjhuaghi kahaḍiranna kalabân mennang pangarghâ'ân internasional,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20150917213701-227-79467/lagu-dewa-mengawali-a-night-with-judika-di-trans-tv&lt;/ref&gt; bân terros ngaolle prestasi.

è salanjhângan karir musikghâ, Juḍika ampon makalowar petto' album, pan-bârâmpan è antarana ampon èjhuwâl multi-platinum. Album Juḍika ''Teruslah Harapan'', sè èjhuwâl 580.000 eksemplar è toko KFC, bân ètarèma Multi-Platinum Award 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://rri.co.id/hiburan/105051/album-judika-teruslah-berharap-raih-multi-platinum-award&lt;/ref&gt;, panèka label sè èghâdhui sareng binèna, Ḍuma Riris Silalahi, lèbât PT. Ḍua Anak Ḍeo. Salaèn jâriya, pan-bârâmpan lagu Juḍika jhughân seghut èpèlè dhâddhi sounḍtrack ghâbây pan-bârâmpan sinetron Inḍonesia sè èberri' rating tèngghi, è antarana &quot;''Jaḍi Aku Sebentar Saja''&quot;  èkaghâbây ''Cinta yang Hilang''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Azam |date=2018-05-16 |title=Lirik Lagu OST. Cinta Yang Hilang (RCTI) |url=https://lirik-lagu-dunia.blogspot.com/2018/05/lirik-lagu-ost-cinta-yang-hilang-rcti.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Lirik Lagu Dunia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; è taon 2018 bân &quot;''Jikalau Kau Cinta''&quot; ghâbây sounḍtrack ''Cinta Buta''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lirik Lagu Jikalau Kau Cinta 'Judika' OST Sinetron Cinta Buta SCTV, Lengkap dengan Video Klip |url=https://sumsel.tribunnews.com/2019/02/17/lirik-lagu-jikalau-kau-cinta-judika-ost-sinetron-cinta-buta-sctv-lengkap-dengan-video-klip |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Tribunsumsel.com |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; è taon 2019. ''cinta karena cinta''  tapèlè dhâddhi track sowara sinetron kalabân juḍul sè paḍâ ''cinta karena cinta''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Copied! |first=canda dian permana Share Link |date=2019-07-31 |title=Judika Jadi Pengisi OST 'Cinta Karena Cinta', Pengganti Sinetron 'Cinta Suci' |url=https://musik.kapanlagi.com/berita/judika-jadi-pengisi-ost-cinta-karena-cinta-pengganti-sinetron-cinta-suci-e4fab7.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=KapanLagi.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; è taon 2019, bân &quot;''Hilang Tapi Ada&quot;'' tapèlè dhâddhi OST ''Garis Cinta''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nabila |title=Lirik Lagu 'Hilang Tapi Ada' oleh Judika, OST Sinetron Garis Cinta yang Bikin Baper |url=https://utaratimes.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-1194552568/lirik-lagu-hilang-tapi-ada-oleh-judika-ost-sinetron-garis-cinta-yang-bikin-baper |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Utara Times |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; è taon 2022.

Juḍika èkennal kalabân jhulughân &quot;''sang peraih penghargaan internasional.''&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.soloposfm.com/diskografi-berkenalan-dengan-judika-sang-peraih-penghargaan-internasional/18855/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-01-08 |archive-date=2023-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206063300/https://www.soloposfm.com/diskografi-berkenalan-dengan-judika-sang-peraih-penghargaan-internasional/18855/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://hai.grid.id/read/07547321/judika-raih-multi-platinum-award-di-malaysia-dan-indonesia&lt;/ref&gt; È taon 2018, Juḍika sukses nojjhuaghi kahaḍiranna dhâddhi musisi ḍominan kalabân ngèbâ mole pan-bârâmpan piala ḍâri Planet Muzik Awarḍs 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Copied! |first=Galuh Esti Nugraini Share Link |date=2018-09-30 |title=Selamat, Judika Dapat 4 Penghargaan di Anugerah Planet Muzik 2018 Singapura |url=https://musik.kapanlagi.com/berita/selamat-judika-dapat-4-penghargaan-di-anugerah-planet-muzik-2018-singapura-e3d0c8.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=KapanLagi.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/lifestyle/513442/sapu-penghargaan-musik-melayu-di-singapura-judika-persembahkan-untuk-korban-tsunami-palu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-01-08 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313050223/https://www.beritasatu.com/lifestyle/513442/sapu-penghargaan-musik-melayu-di-singapura-judika-persembahkan-untuk-korban-tsunami-palu |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/lifestyle/513442/sapu-penghargaan-musik-melayu-di-singapura-judika-persembahkan-untuk-korban-tsunami-palu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-01-08 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313050223/https://www.beritasatu.com/lifestyle/513442/sapu-penghargaan-musik-melayu-di-singapura-judika-persembahkan-untuk-korban-tsunami-palu |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; sè èlaksanaaghi è MES Theatre MeḍiaCorp, Singapura.

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'''Jefry Nikhol''' (lahèr è tangghâl 15 Jânuwari 1999), lebbi èkennal kalabân nyama panggung '''Jefri Nichol''', panèka aktor bân moḍel ḍâri Inḍonèsia. Jefri molaè èkennal bânnya' orèng bherkat peranna dhâddhi Nathan è filem 2017 Ḍear Nathan.

== Kaoḍi'ân Awwâl ==
Jefri lahèr kalabân nyama Jefry Nikhol, lahèr è tangghâl 15 Jânuwari 1999, è Jakarta, Inḍonèsia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Unggah Hasil Rontgen, Nama Asli Jefri Nichol Terungkap |url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2020/05/09/122113/unggah-hasil-rontgen-nama-asli-jefri-nichol-terungkap |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=suara.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=Profil Jefri Nichol - VIVA |url=https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/708-jefri-nichol |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=www.viva.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jefri panèka ana' kasèttong ḍâri ramana sè anyama John Henḍri bân èbhuna Junita Eka Putri ḍâri Songai Geringging, Paḍang Pariaman.&lt;ref&gt;Jefri Nichol dan Caitlin Halderman Sambangi Padang&quot;. ''Republika.co.id''. 2018-01-08. Diakses tanggal 2023-06-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Jefri anḍi' taretan bine', nyamana Jessie Putri.

Sa'amponna lulus SMP, Jefri asakola formal è SMK Tunas Jakasampurna, jurusân teknologi. Namong, polana jaḍwal syuting sè cè' sibo'en , Jefri motosaghi ka'angghuy nerrossaghi penḍiḍighânna lèbât ''homeschooling''.

== Karier ==
Jefri molaè alako dhâddhi moḍel iklan bân maso' akting kalabân peran penḍukung è miniseri &quot;''Kami Rindu Ayah''&quot; è taon 2013. È taon 2017, Jefri amaèn dhâddhi Elzan è filem lughâlluna, &quot;''Pertaruhan''&quot; . Sala sèttong peran Jefri sè palèng kalonta panèka dhâddhi Nathan è &quot;''Ḍear Nathan'',&quot; sè èrilis è taon sè paḍâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=brilio.net |date=2018-04-24 |title=Transformasi Jefri Nichol, dari imut sampai kini ganteng parah |url=https://www.brilio.net/creator/transformasi-jefri-nichol-dari-imut-sampai-kini-jadi-pujaan-kaum-hawa-041367.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=brilio.net |language=id |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712210706/https://www.brilio.net/creator/transformasi-jefri-nichol-dari-imut-sampai-kini-jadi-pujaan-kaum-hawa-041367.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasus ==
Tangghâl 23 Juli 2019, Jefri ètangkep polisi è bengkona polana anḍi’ ganja. Jefri ènyata'aghi positif ngangghuy obat kasebbhut è ḍâlem pan-bârâmpan jhâm sa'amponna ètangkep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Liputan6.com |title=Jefri Nichol Ditangkap Karena Kepemilikan Ganja |url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4019971/jefri-nichol-ditangkap-karena-kepemilikan-ganja |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=liputan6.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=BeritaSatu.com |title=Tangkap Aktor Muda Jefri Nichol, Polisi Sita Ganja |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/megapolitan/565930/tangkap-aktor-muda-jefri-nichol-polisi-sita-ganja |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=beritasatu.com |language=id |archive-date=2021-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729053755/https://www.beritasatu.com/megapolitan/565930/tangkap-aktor-muda-jefri-nichol-polisi-sita-ganja |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Saat Geledah Apartemen Jefri Nichol, Polisi Temukan Ganja 6,01 Gram Jatuh Dari Kulkas - Tribunnews.com |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2019/07/23/saat-geledah-apartemen-jefri-nichol-polisi-temukan-ganja-601-gram-jatuh-dari-kulkas |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sombher ==
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    <title>Kraton Sahulau</title>
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      <text bytes="3640" sha1="196747anlvamwlcoa0p0148wf9ei5yo" xml:space="preserve">'''Kraton Sahulau''' panèka sèttong kraton sè toman kobâsa è wilajâ teluk è bâgiyân lao' [[Polo Seram]] sajjhâk abad ka-16 kantos abad ka-19 M.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Subianto |first=Prabowo |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/KEPEMIMPINAN_MILITER_BUKU_1/7p5wEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Kerajaan+Sahulau&amp;pg=PA302&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=KEPEMIMPINAN MILITER BUKU 1 |date=2022-04-20 |publisher=PT Media Pandu Bangsa |isbn=978-602-51541-8-8 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sudarmika |first=G. M. |last2=Handoko |first2=Wuri |date=2007-07-01 |title=Kerajaan Sahulau: Melacak Fragmen Sejarah Yang Hilang, Potret Sejarah, Tutur dan Arkeologi |url=https://ejournal.brin.go.id/kapata/article/view/11791 |journal=Kapata Arkeologi |language=en |volume=3 |issue=4 Juli |pages=50–73 |doi=10.24832/kapata.v3i4.60 |issn=2503-0876}}&lt;/ref&gt; Èparkèra'aghi jhâ' sè maddhek Kraton Sahulau panèka La Ode Muna sè aropa'aghi alè'èn Sultan Murhum sè kobâsa è Kasoltanan Buton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Rato è Kraton Sahulau agellar &quot;Hena Mese Ina Nusa Nusa Rata Sahulau Samasuru Amalatu Kabasaran&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sahusilawane |first=Sahusilawane |url=https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/28812/ |title=Mitos-mitos yang berlatar belakang sejarah |last2=Pattipeilohy |first2=Pattipeilohy |last3=Pattinama |first3=Pattinama |date=2006 |publisher=Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional |location=Ambon |language=id |archive-date=2026-02-13 |access-date=2026-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213225927/https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/28812/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Posat pamarènta'an Kraton Sahulau panèka bâḍâ è Dhisa Sahulau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bartels |first=Dieter |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Di_Bawah_Naungan_Gunung_Nunusaku_jilid_1/vnyDDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Kerajaan+Sahulau&amp;pg=PA112&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku jilid 1 |date=2017-08-14 |publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia |isbn=978-602-424-150-6 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Panḍuḍu' Kraton Sahulau panèka bâḍâ ḍâri suku Wemale bân suku Buton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sajjhâk abad ka-16 kantos ka-17 M, Kraton Sahulau mabâḍâ pardhâghângan karamik kalabân padhâghâng ḍâri [[Tiongkok]] bân padhâghâng ḍâri suku Bugis bân suku Makassar. Kraton Sahulau jhughân mabâḍâ parjhânjhiyân dhâghâng bân hubungan parsahabhâdhân otamana sareng Bâlândhâ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Pamaddhegghân ==
Kraton Sahulau aropa'aghi sala sèttong kraton sè èpaddhek è wilajâ [[suku Wemale]] sè asalla ḍâri sèttong kennengngan sè anyama Temene Siwa. Namong, parkembhângan wilajâ Sahulau dhâddhi kraton èpangaro sareng kabâḍâ'ân panḍuḍu' pendatang (panḍuḍu' anyar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Carèta ra'yat ḍâri panḍuḍu' sè jhât bâḍâ è wilajâ Kraton Sahulau yâkin jhâ' rato lu-ghâllu è Kraton Sahulau panèka ana'an Sultan Buton sè èbuwâng ḍâri Kasoltanan Buton bân dhâddhi pendatang è Polo Seram bâgiyân lao'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Nalèkana ḍâpa' è Polo Seram, ana'an Sultan Buton bisa mèsaè perrang dhulur è seddhi'in tempatta sè amokèm. Amarghâ ghânèka, ana'an Sultan Buton narèma bâlessân bân èbherri' kahormatan sareng panḍuḍu' ka'angghuy maddhek kampong bân èyèdhinnaghi dhâddhi pamèmpèn è kampong sè èpaddhek. Wilajâ kampong anyar panèka bâḍâ è paghunongan sè samangkèng wilajâ Dhisa Sahulau. Dhisa ghânèka saterrossa akembhâng dhâddhi sèttong kraton, èngghi ka'ḍinto Kraton Sahulau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sombher ==</text>
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    <title>Cornelia O'Dwyer</title>
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'''Cornelia O'Dwyer''' (lahèr taon 1984) panèka [[parèntèng lampa]], panolès, produser eksekutif bân tokang ghâbây kontèn viḍio. Cornelia panèka parèntèng lampa acara ''talk show'' ḍâri Ndani TV sè ajuḍul ''Ndani Real Talk''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hub |first=Africa News |title=Photos: NdaniTV to launch #RealTalk with Cornelia O'Dwyer |url=https://www.africanewshub.com/news/3345417-photos-ndanitv-to-launch-realtalk-with-cornelia-odwyer |access-date=2026-01-15 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112220433/https://www.africanewshub.com/news/3345417-photos-ndanitv-to-launch-realtalk-with-cornelia-odwyer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Cornelia jhughân aperran mènangka ''kolumnis'' ka'angghuy ''Today's Woman Magazine'' (TWM).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2019-04-13 |title=CORNELIA O'DWYER: My wrap dresses are the only things I treasure |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/cornelia-odwyer-my-wrap-dresses-are-the-only-things-i-treasure/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-15 |title=&quot;I now know about the power of intention and creating your own opportunities and path.&quot; – Cornelia O’Dwyer |url=https://www.hernetwork.co/i-now-know-about-the-power-of-intention-and-creating-your-own-opportunities-and-path-cornelia-odwyer/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Her Network |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2012 |title=Hancock, Cornelia (1840–1927) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216202592.1272 |journal=Historical Dictionary of the Friends (Quakers) |pages=160–160 |doi=10.5040/9798216202592.1272}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-22 |title=Those African Chicks - Exploring Identities of African Women |url=https://metacast.app/podcast/those-african-chicks---exploring-identities-of/TupbwFIz |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Metacast: podcast app with transcripts |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; È taon 2017, Cornelia aluncurraghi ''Chick Chat Live TV Show'' sè kerjasama kalabân ''DZRPT TV'' bân ''5ive Music group'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Site is offline |url=https://twmagazine.net/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=TW Magazine Website - Official Website Of Today's Woman (TW) Magazine Nigeria {{!}} Nigeria's Leading Women's Lifestyle Magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=2026-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129040253/https://twmagazine.net/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; acara panèka pas èpa'ajhâlân sareng ''Fox Africa''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TV |first=Fox |title=FoxLife - Chick Chat |url=https://www.foxafrica.com/shows/fox-life/chick-chat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918112732/https://www.foxafrica.com/shows/fox-life/chick-chat |archive-date=2020-09-18 |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=www.foxafrica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaoḍi'ân ==
Cornelia lahèr è [[San Francisco]] bân jâ-rajâ è Nigèria. È taon 1998, Cornelia aningghâllaghi Nigèria sa'amponna èbhuna sèdhâ ḍâlem leddhu'ân eggas. È taon 2005, Cornelia ngaollè gellar ''Bachelor of Arts'' (BA) ḍâlem pamolanganna è Studi Fèlem, Bhudhâjâ, bân Media ḍâri [[Universitas West of England]] è Bristol. È omorra sè 21 taon, Cornelia ngallè ka New York City, kennengngan Cornelia sè kerjasama sa'abiddhâ ra-kèra pèttong taon sabellumma abâli ka Nigèria taon 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Cornelia panèka ''asisten eksekutif''-fa Morgan Stanley, ḍâri 2005 kantos 2008. Tapè Cornelli ngallè ka AIG taon 2008 mènangka ''asisten eksekutif'', sè ka'ḍimma lakona Cornelia panèka ngalola ''aspek-aspek program risiko/asuransi'' AIG.

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    <title>Banḍa Acèh</title>
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'''Kotta Banḍa Acèh''' (bhâsa Acèh Jawoë: بندر اچيه) aropa'aghi sèttong kotta sè jhughân dhâddhi èbhu kotta propinsi è [[Acèh|Propinsi Acèh]], Inḍonèsia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Indonesia |url=http://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title=Permendagri No. 137 Tahun 2017 |date=2018-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Indonesia |url=http://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |title=Permendagri No. 72 Tahun 2019 |date=2019-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mènangka posat pamarènta'an propinsi, Kotta Banḍa Acèh dhâddhi posat kagiyadhân èkonomi, politik, sosial bân bhudhâjâ. Banḍa Acèh jhughân aropa'aghi kotta Islam sè palèng towa è Asia Mor Lao', sè ka'ḍimma Banḍa Acèh aropa'aghi èbhu kotta [[Kesultanan Acèh|Kasoltanan Acèh]] è jhâman lambâ',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mengenang Tuan Di Kandang, Penggagas Lahirnya Banda Aceh |url=https://kumparan.com/acehkini/mengenang-tuan-di-kandang-penggagas-lahirnya-banda-aceh-1qwEcJKWPux |access-date=2026-01-14 |work=kumparan |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Banda Aceh |url=https://bandaacehkota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/09ef4a6348d55aaa036f09ba/kota-banda-aceh-dalam-angka-2020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728074004/https://bandaacehkota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/09ef4a6348d55aaa036f09ba/kota-banda-aceh-dalam-angka-2020.html |archive-date=2021-07-28 |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=bandaacehkota.bps.go.id |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân samangkèn èkennal mènangka Kotta Serambi Mekkah.

== Sajhârâ ==
Banḍa Acèh mènangka èbhu kotta Kasoltanan Acèh Ḍarussalam bâḍâ è abad ka-14. Kasoltanan Acèh Ḍarussalam èbhângon è attassa ronto'enna kraton Hinḍu bân Bhuddhâ sè toman bâḍâ sabellumma, akadhi Kraton Indra Purba, Kraton Indra Purwa, Kraton Indra Patra, bân Kraton Indrapura. Ḍâri maèsânSultan Firma Syah, sala sèttong sultan sè toman marènta Kasoltanan Acèh, èkaollè katerrangan jhâ' Kasoltanan Acèh anḍi' èbhu kotta panèka Kutaraja (Banḍa Acèh).&lt;ref&gt;''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/7682/1/SEJARAH%20KOTAMADYA%20BANDA%20ACEH.pdf Sejarah Kotamadya Bada Aceh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251031223258/https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/7682/1/SEJARAH%20KOTAMADYA%20BANDA%20ACEH.pdf |date=2025-10-31 }}'' (1996/1997), Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Èyaksès tangghâl 14 Jânuwari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamoncolan Kasoltanan Acèh Ḍarussalam sè aèbhu kotta è Baḍa Acèh ta' pegghâ' ḍâri bâḍâna [[Kraton Lamri|Kraton Hindu Lamuri]]. È ahèr abad ka-15, kalabân bhâghussâ hubungan sareng kraton tatangghâ, maka posat pamarènta'an Kraton Lamuri èyallè ka Meukuta Alam. Maligi Meukuta Alam bâḍâ è wilajâ Banḍa Acèh.&lt;ref&gt;Al Asyi, Yusuf Al Qardhawy (Jânuwari 2020). ''[https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/14078/1/Editor%20Buku%20-%20The%20History%20of%20Aceh%20%282019%29.pdf The History of Aceh: Mengenal Asal Usul Nama, Bahasa, dan Orang Aceh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525162457/https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/14078/1/Editor%20Buku%20-%20The%20History%20of%20Aceh%20(2019).pdf |date=2023-05-25 }}'' (PDF). Banḍa Acèh: Yayasan PeNA Banda Aceh. kaca. 77. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-602-5820-86-1&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Desy Ratnasari</title>
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'''Ḍesy Ratnasari''' (lahèr è tangghâl 12 Ḍèsèmber 1973) panèka sala sèttong artis, politisi, parèntèng lampa, panyanyi, bân moḍel asal Inḍonèsia. Ḍesy ampon dhâddhi angghuta ḌPR Inḍonesia neng è Partai Amanat Nasional è ḍuwâ' perioḍe sajjhek 1 Oktober 2014. Ḍesy molaè alako moḍel kalabân mennang juara kaḍuwâ' è kompetisi ''Gaḍis Sampul'' taon 1988. Ḍesy jhughân èkennal kalabân panyanyi. Sala sèttong laguna sè palèng èkasennengi panèka &quot;''Tenḍa Biru'',&quot; sè ètampilaghi è album katello'na sè ajuḍul paḍâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Afifullah |first=Iip |date=2018-07-05 |title=Selain Tenda Biru, Ini 5 Lagu Desy Ratnasari yang Hits di Era 90a |url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/throwback/selain-tenda-biru-ini-5-lagu-desy-ratnasari-yang-hits-di-era-90an-01-xb2jf-zbbwtz |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=IDN Times |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaoḍi'ân Awwâl bân Penḍiḍighân

Ḍesy èlahèrraghi è Sukabumi, [[Jhâbâ Bârâ']], è tangghâl 12 Ḍèsèmber 1973, ḍâri Syahminan bân Mulyanah, pottra sè sarèyang ḍâri empa' satarètan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rosidi |first=Ajip |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Yb-lDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA104 |title=Apa Siapa Orang Sunda |date=2003-12-01 |isbn=978-979-419-980-0 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Astuti |first=Lutfi Dwi Puji |date=2014-12-01 |title=Desy Ratnasari |url=https://www.viva.co.id/arsip/564052-desy-ratnasari |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=www.viva.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ḍesy asakola TK Aisyiyah Sukabumi, SD Cikole 1, SMP Sukabumi 2, bân SMA Sukabumi 3.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=RI |first=Setjen DPR |title=Anggota DPR RI - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat |url=http://dpr.go.id/blog/profil/id/1412 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722145043/http://dpr.go.id/blog/profil/id/1412 |archive-date=2020-07-22 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=www.dpr.go.id |language=id |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/2156.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-01-17 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410030639/https://kbr.id/kenalicaleg/caleg/kualitas_detail/id/2156.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ḍesy maso' ka SMA Negeri Paḍang 1 sambi syuting serial televisi &quot;''Sengsara Bawa Nikmat''&quot; è taon 1991 ka'angghuy noro' Evaluasi Pembelajaran Akhir Nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Desy Ratnasari Kenang Masa Sulit Pernah Tidur di Terminal |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/desy-ratnasari-kenang-masa-sulit-pernah-tidur-di-terminal |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ḍesy ngaolle ghellâr Sarjana Psikologi ḍâri [[Universitas Atma Jaya]], [[Jakarta]], è taon 2002. Saterrossa è taon 2005 è taon 2005 è olle ghellâr Magister Psikologi Profesional ḍâri Universitas Atma Jaya, 2012 Psikologi è taon 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Desy Ratnasari Lulusan Terbaik Sarjana Psikologi |url=https://www.cumicumi.com/articles/cumi-celebs/15673/desy-ratnasari-lulusan-terbaik-sarjana-psikologi |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=www.cumicumi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalakoan ==
Ḍhâddhi moḍèl

Ḍesy molaè alako kalabân noro' ajang è lomba Gaḍis Sampul taon 1988 bân kalowar dhâddhi kaḍuwâ'.

== Sombher ==
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    <title>Fiersa Besari</title>
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      <text bytes="4463" sha1="jx2qj2jpx7kb9fbbq90g9soqxzkdel1" xml:space="preserve">'''Fiersa Besari''' panèka musisi, sastrawan, bân pamângaro dâri Indonèsia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Agnes |first=Tia |title=Perkenalkan Fiersa Besari, Si Penulis Muda dan Musisi Indie dari Bandung |url=https://hot.detik.com/spotlight/d-3876212/perkenalkan-fiersa-besari-si-penulis-muda-dan-musisi-indie-dari-bandung |access-date=2026-01-18 |work=detikhot |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fiersa toman ḍhâḍḍhi sala sèttong pamaḍḍhek Komunitas Pacandu Buku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Fimela.com |title=Tak sekadar membaca, Komunitas Pecandu Buku juga bersuara lewat ulasan |url=https://www.fimela.com/fimelahood/read/3681985/tak-sekadar-membaca-komunitas-pecandu-buku-juga-bersuara-lewat-ulasan |access-date=2026-01-18 |work=fimela.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fiersa jhughân aktif mènangka personalia YouTube.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fiersa Besari |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw9dUbhQi971MzsLAL8Cwlw |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=YouTube |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sègmèn kontèn sè kalonta è akun YouTube andi'na èngghi panèka &quot;Atap Negeri&quot; bân &quot;Jalur Sunyi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Apa Itu Ekspedisi Atap Negeri? Penjelasan dan Jumlah Episodenya |url=https://kumparan.com/berita-terkini/apa-itu-ekspedisi-atap-negeri-penjelasan-dan-jumlah-episodenya-25Iuk5lz2ZW |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karir ==
Salèranan panèka pamaèn bass. È bidâng musik, Fiersa amolaè karirra mènangka vokalis ghâbây ghâlimpo' musik indie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rafianty |first=Deasy |title=Berulang Tahun Hari Ini, Profil dan Biodata Fiersa Besari: Musisi Indonesia yang Ikut Mendaki Puncak Carstensz |url=https://jurnalgaya.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-809117511/berulang-tahun-hari-ini-profil-dan-biodata-fiersa-besari-musisi-indonesia-yang-ikut-mendaki-puncak-carstensz |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=Jurnal Gaya |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; È taon 2009, Fiersa bân kancana sè anyama Hassan molaè rajin arekkam bân nyèmpen karjâ musikka. Ahèrra, è taon 2012, salèrana motossaghi ka'angghuy ajhuwâl album sè èghâbây.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenalan dengan Musisi dan Penulis Berbakat Era Milenial, Fiersa Besari - kumparan.com |url=https://kumparan.com/amp/groovy/kenalan-dengan-musisi-dan-penulis-berbakat-era-milenial-fiersa-besari-1r3DaeNA5rU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507123100/https://kumparan.com/amp/groovy/kenalan-dengan-musisi-dan-penulis-berbakat-era-milenial-fiersa-besari-1r3DaeNA5rU |archive-date=2022-05-07 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=kumparan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=antaranews.com |date=2025-03-03 |title=Selamat dari pendakian Carstensz Pyramid, ini profil Fiersa Besari |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4684869/selamat-dari-pendakian-carstensz-pyramid-ini-profil-fiersa-besari |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=Antara News |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fiersa toman andi' ghâlimpo' musik sè anyama ''Hellfairies''. Salaèn jârèya, Fiersa bân kancana jhughân abhângon ghâlimpo' musik sè èsebbhut ''Eat Well Earl'', sè èsingkat ḍhâḍḍhi EWE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Febriani |first=Prih |title=Fiersa Besari Mau Rehat Sebagai Musisi |url=https://www.detik.com/sumbagsel/budaya/d-7543972/fiersa-besari-mau-rehat-sebagai-musisi |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=detiksumbagsel |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa'ellana mèkkèr lanjhâng, Fiersa mutusaghi ka'angghuy ghu-ongghu nerrossaghi karir solo. È taon 2012, Fiersa makalowar album ''11:11'', sè è taon 2018 è paḍhâḍḍhi buku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sekilas Cerita Tentang Lagu - Lagu Fiersa Besari |url=https://www.mousaik.com/news/sekilas-cerita-tentang-lagu-lagu-fiersa-besari- |access-date=2026-01-18 |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507123101/https://www.mousaik.com/news/sekilas-cerita-tentang-lagu-lagu-fiersa-besari- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

È taon 2019, singgel ḍâri Fiersa sè abhul-ombhul &quot;Pelukku untuk Pelikmu&quot; èpèlè mènangka lagu tèma ghâbây filem [[Ernest Prakasa]], èngghi panèka ''Imperfect: Career, Love &amp; Scales''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sekilas Cerita Tentang Lagu - Lagu Fiersa Besari |url=https://www.mousaik.com/news/sekilas-cerita-tentang-lagu-lagu-fiersa-besari- |access-date=2026-01-18 |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507123101/https://www.mousaik.com/news/sekilas-cerita-tentang-lagu-lagu-fiersa-besari- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Giancarlo Giannini</title>
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'''Giancarlo Giannini''' (lahèr 1 Agustus 1942) panèka aktor sè èkennal saccara internasional lèbât kolaborasina sareng sutradara [[Lina Wertmüller]]. Giannini ngaollè pangarghâ'ân Aktor Palèng Beccè' Cannes lèbât ''Love and Anarchy'' (1973) bân ngaollè naminasi Oscar lèbât ''Seven Beauties'' (1975).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=2021-12-15 |title=Giancarlo Giannini Remembers Groundbreaking Director and Collaborator Lina Wertmüller: ‘She Opened My Mind’ |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/directors/lina-wertmuller-giancarlo-giannini-seduction-of-mimi-1235133689/ |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IL MONDO DEI DOPPIATORI - La pagina di GIANCARLO GIANNINI |url=https://www.antoniogenna.net/doppiaggio/voci/vociggia.htm |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=www.antoniogenna.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaoḍi'ân Awwâl ==
Giannini lahèr è  La Spezia tangghâl 1 Agustus 1942 bân sabâgiyân bânnya' bâkto ghi' kènè' nettep è pamokèman Pitelli. È taon 1952, Giannini bân kalowargana ngallè ka Napoli. È Napoli Ginnini narèma diploma teknik elektronika è Institut Teknik Negeri Alessandro Volta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-04 |title=Giancarlo Giannini: «Mi chiesero se volevo fare un provino in Accademia: speravo fosse quella aeronautica, invece era quella di arte drammatica» |url=https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cultura-e-tempo-libero/24_ottobre_04/giancarlo-giannini-mi-chiesero-se-volevo-fare-un-provino-in-accademia-speravo-fosse-quella-aeronautica-invece-era-quella-di-arte-drammatica-96689a5c-0afe-4260-8fdf-7cf11ca59xlk.shtml |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it-IT}}&lt;/ref&gt; È bâkto ghi' omor 8 tain, Giannini ngallè ka Roma bân ajhâr è ''Accademia Nazionale'' ''d'Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Traversa {{!}} |first=Michael |date=2014-04-19 |title=Giancarlo Giannini. The man, the voice, the inventor |url=https://italoamericano.org/giancarlo-giannini/ |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=L'Italo-Americano – Italian American bilingual news source |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lako ==
Giannini amolaè lakona è pangghung tèater è omor 18 taon bân ngaollè kabhâjhrâ'ân lèbât fèlem ''Romeo and Juliet'' sè èyara'aghi sareng Franco Zeffirelli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1975-11-16 |title=‘The Eyes Are the Most Mobile Part of My Body’ (Published 1975) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/16/archives/the-eyes-are-the-most-mobile-part-of-my-body-the-eyes-are-the-most.html |access-date=2026-01-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fèlem lu-ghâlluna Giannini panèka è taon 1965,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MYmovies.it |title=Giancarlo Giannini |url=https://www.mymovies.it/persone/giancarlo-giannini/733/ |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=MYmovies.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; terros Giannini èkennal lowas lèbât perran otama ḍâlem fèlem-fèlemma Lina Wertmüller, tamaso' ''Love and Anarchy''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: 1973 |url=http://www.cannes-fest.com/pr1973.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123210728/http://www.cannes-fest.com/pr1973.htm |archive-date=2025-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=www.cannes-fest.com |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cannes 1973 |url=https://www.cinema-francais.fr/cannes/cannes_1973.htm |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=www.cinema-francais.fr |archive-date=2019-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905124838/https://www.cinema-francais.fr/cannes/cannes_1973.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; sè lèbât fèlem panèka Giannini ngaollè pangarghâ'ân Aktor Palèng Beccè' Cannes sarta ''Seven Beauties'' sè maḍâpa' Giannini ḍâ' nominasi Oscar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-10-05 |title=The 49th Academy Awards {{!}} 1977 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=www.oscars.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafasèhanna ḍâlem acaca bhâsa Inggris, mokka' jhâlân Giannini ḍâ' fèlem internasional, tamaso' ''Hollywood'' bân fèlem James Bond. Salaèn akting, Giannini anḍi' dhurrun mènangka tokang ngèssè'è sowara,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PopcornTv |title=Attori doppiati da Giancarlo Giannini |url=https://popcorntv.it/guide/attori-doppiati-da-giancarlo-giannini/32597 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=PopcornTv.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; otamana mènangka ngèssè'è sowara Al Pacino ḍâlem bhâsa Italia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-11 |title=Giulio Base, 'ecco il mio viaggio nella mente di Giuda' - Cinema - Ansa.it |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/cinema/2025/08/11/giulio-base-ecco-il-mio-viaggio-nella-mente-di-giuda_4685bd1f-cb9b-43db-8006-05ae1c5580f9.html |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=Agenzia ANSA |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Boenjamin Setiawan</title>
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      <text bytes="3282" sha1="ias7uepzmlr9uxc0aw6jvmeuozh5bwl" xml:space="preserve">Boenjamin Setiawan (Khouw Liep Boen, 23 Sèptèmber 1933 - 4 April 2023) lebbi èkennal kalabân &quot;Dokter Boen&quot; Panèka pangusaha ḍâri Indonèsia. Asareng ennem tarètanna, salèrana maddhek PT Kalbe Farma, sè ajhâlân è bidang farmasi, sè pas akembhâng dhâddhi Kalbe Group. Kalbe Group akembhâng ka pan-bârâmpan bidang, èantarana: farmasi, kakanan kasèhadhân, distribusi, pargudângan, sarana risèt modèrn, pendidikan (Kalbis Institute) bân Roma Sakè' (jaringan Mitra Kalowarghâ).&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20141112081440/http://forbesindonesia.com/berita-206-businessman-of-the-year.html Èarsipaghi ḍâri vèrsi aslina tangghâl 2014-11-12. Èaksès tangghâl 20-01-2026

&lt;/ref&gt; Taon 2008, saellana ngocol jabadhânna è Kalbe sè terros èghentè sareng panakanna, anyama Bernadette Ruth Irawati Setiady, dr. Boen fokus ḍâlem panelitiyan bân pangembhângan sèl punca (stem cell).

Taon 2013, majalah Forbes ngakoè dr. Boen mènangka orèng palèng soghi nomer 8 è Indonèsia.&lt;ref&gt;http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2013/11/22/1126380/Ini.Daftar.Orang.Terkaya.di.Indonesia.Tahun.2013 Èaksès tangghâl 20-01-2026

&lt;/ref&gt; Salèrana sèdhâ tangghâl  4 April 2023 è Jakarta.

== Kalbe Farma ==
Salastarèna ajhâlâni pendidikan è Amèrika Serikat, dr. Boen asareng 5 tarètanna: Khouw Liep Tjoen, Theresia Harsini Setiady, Khouw Lip Swan, Maria Karmila, bân Fransiscus Bing Aryantodi maddhek sèttong perusahaan farmasi è sèttong garasi è Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Ḍâjâ tangghâl 10 Sèptèmber 1966 sè èberri' nyama Kalbe. Nyama kasebbhut èkala' dâri inisial nyama dr Boen (Khouw Liep Boen) bân tarètanna Bing (Khouw Liep Bing), KLB sè mon èkoca'aghi aropa'aghi okara KALBE.

Awwâlla, Kalbe aghârâp obhât-obhât ètikal (obhât kalabân resèp dokter) kalabân produk partamana obhât Bioplacenton bân krim Kalpanax, tor terros aproduksi obhât-obhât bèbas (over the counter/OTC) bân produk nutrisi. Pan-bârâmpan produk sè èkembhângaghi, èantarana panèka Promag, obhât bâto' Wood's, Neuralgin, Mixagrip, Komix, Extra Joss bân Prenagen. Samangkèn Kalbe Farma ampon dhâddhi mènangka perusahaan farmasi palèng rajâ è Asia Tenggara

== Pendidikan ==
Dr. Boen andi' kaoḍi'ân mènangka akademis, khusussâ è bidang farmakologi bân farmakinètik. Salèrana ollè gellar dokter ḍâri Univèrsitas Indonèsia è taon 1958 bân Ph.D. bidang farmakologi ḍâri Univèrsitas California, San Francisco, Amèrika Serikat sè suksès èkaollè è taon 1961.

Salèrana jhughân sempet dhâddhi dosèn ngodâ è Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Univèrsitas Indonèsia ḍâri taon 1955 kantos 1986.

== Pangarghâ'ân ==

* Tokoh Bisnis Palèng Apangaro 2005 (Warta Indonèsia)
* Lifetime Achievement Award 2014 - Tahir Foundation&lt;ref&gt;http://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/217249-megawati-soekarnoputri-boenjamin-setiawan-dan-tp-rachmat-terima-lifetime-achievement-award-dari-tahir-foundation.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713080158/http://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/217249-megawati-soekarnoputri-boenjamin-setiawan-dan-tp-rachmat-terima-lifetime-achievement-award-dari-tahir-foundation.html |date=2017-07-13 }} Èaksès tangghâl 20-01-2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sombher-sombher ==
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    <title>Ruslan Tjakraningrat</title>
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      <text bytes="5020" sha1="ftubkjhzreivc1dnh566lh64j4fqblg" xml:space="preserve">Raden Ario '''Muhamad Ruslan Tjakraningrat''' (17 Dèsèmber 1913-23 Dèsèmber  1976) iyâ arèya birokrat bân politikus dâri Indonèsia. Ruslan toman negghu’ Kalaghungan Sèketaris Umum Naghârâ [[Madhurâ/Jâbâ Tèmor|Madhurâ]] è bâkto Rèpublik [[Inḍonèsia|Indonèsia]] Serikat. Samarèna èyakona kedaulatan Indonèsia, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem [[Pamarènta'an|pamarènta’an]]. Ruslan pas dhâddhi Bhupatè [[Songennep]] dâri taon 1956 sampè’ 1957, Bhupatè [[Bhângkalan, Bhângkalan|Bhângkalan]] dâri taon 1957 sampè’ 1958, bân gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat dâri taon 1958 sampè’ 1966.
Lahèr dhâddhu ana’ dâri Bhupatè Bhângkalan, Ruslan ngala’ pandidighân sampè tèngkatan SMA, Ruslan pas amolaè karèrra kalabân dhâddhi pongghâbâ è kantoe pamarènta’an daèra bân sempat noro’ pandidighân militer è bâkto jhâjhâân [[Jeppang|Jeppang.]] Salastarèn jhâjhâân Jeppang ambu, [[Bâlândhâ]] toju’ neng daèra Madhurâ bân ngangka’ Ruslan dhâddhi Sekretaris Umum Naghârâ madhurâ.
Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem pamarènta’an bâkto pangakowan kedaulatan. Ruslan dhâddhi bhupatè è [[Songennep]] bân Bhângkalan sabâllunna ètodhu dhâddhi [[Kopala Daèra|kopala daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’ è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Mènangka dhâddhi [[kopala Daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’, Ruslan nata sistem pamarènta’an daèra bân wilaya kabhupatèn. È bâktona Ruslan dhâddhi kopala daèra, bâdâ kalaparan sè rajâ sè aghâbây bânnya’ kasèdhâân è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ruslan abhuwâ’ kaangghuy nanganè masala jârèya kalabân ma bâdâ cemmacem katentowan, tapè ennas kaangghuy ma marè. Ruslan pas è pa ambu dâri Kalaghunganna polana ennas. Ruslan pas ta’ andi’ kalaghungan polè bân sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 Dèsèmber 1976.

== Bâkto kènè’ bân pandidighân ==
Ruslan èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 17 Dèsèmber 1913 è [[Kabhupatèn Sampang]]. Ramana, Raden Soerjowinoto,  aghellâr Tjakraningrat XII, bân andi’ kalaghungan dhâddhi bhupatè Bhângkalan dâri taon 1918 kantos 1948. Silsila Ruslan dhâddhi bâgiyân dâri trah Tjakraningrat kèngèng èsarè kantos ka Raden Prasena ([[Tjakraningkat I]]) dâri jhâman sabâllunna [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]], sè èpakon bi’ Sultan Agung dâri Mataram dhâddhi pangobâsa Madhurâ Bârâ’ è abad ka-17&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumber buku - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas |url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794074107 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=id.wikipedia.org |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bâkto Pènsiun bân Bhâlâna ==
Saellana pènsiun ḍâri kalaghungan  mènangka gubernur, Ruslan oḍi' è Sorbhâjâ. Ruslan sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 ḍèsèmber 1976&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-15 |title=Daftar Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat, Mulai dari Ruslan Tjakraningrat hingga Zulkieflimansyah |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/221910378/daftar-gubernur-nusa-tenggara-barat-mulai-dari-ruslan-tjakraningrat-hingga |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èkobhur è pasarèan Aèr Mata Èbhu, kennengnganna kobhurna para rato bân para bhângsawan ḍâri Bhângkalan. Ruslan akabin bi’ Hatimah Tjakraningrat bân anḍi’ ana’ tello’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Memory |first=Bangkalan |title=Profil Bupati Bangkalan Ke 5 - R.A.A. Moh. Roeslan Tjakraningrat |url=http://bangkalanmemory.blogspot.com/2015/07/profil-bupati-bangkalan-ke-5-raa-moh.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sala sèttong panakanna, Hikmahanto Juwana, panèka profèsor hokom internasional è Univèrsitas Inḍonèsia bân samangkèn atugas mènangka Rèktor Univèrsitas Jèndral Achmad Yani.

== Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ==
Saamponna Naghârâ Madhurâ bhubhâr è taon 1950, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèr è ḍâlem pamarènta'an. Salèrana èyangkat ḍhâdḍhi Bupati Sumenep ḍâri taon 1956 kantos 1957 tor Bupati Bhângkalan ḍâri taon 1957 kantos 1958. È ahèr masa kalaghunganna mènangka Bupati Bhângkalan, pamarènta Inḍonèsia maghi Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ dhaddhi Propinsi Bhâli, Propinsi Tengghârâ Bârâ', Propinsi Nusa Tèmor Nunggara . Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' èbentu' lèbât dekrit pamarènta tangghâl 14 Agustus 1958. Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri ngangkat Ruslan mènangka Pamangko Kopala Wilaya Otonomi Tèngkat I Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' lèbât dekrit sè ajhâlân molaè 1 Nopèmber 1958. 

=== Pangatoran Pamarènta ḍaèra ===
Maske è bâkto jârèya Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ampon anḍi' status propinsi, orosan pamarènta'an wilayana ghi' èbâgi antara kopala wilaya bân gubernur koordinator Nusa Tengghârâ, sè bâdâ è Singaraja, Bhâli . Ruslan saterrossa ngangkat ḍuwâ' asistèn kopala wilaya kaangghuy abhânto ngator pamarènta'an Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ', èngghi panèka Mamiq Ripaah ghâbây Polo Lombok bân M. Hasan ghâbây Polo Sumbawa.

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      <text bytes="5544" sha1="7lqyuuin2c8oh1cqzzatnvsedxeww5c" xml:space="preserve">Raden Ario '''Muhamad Ruslan Tjakraningrat''' (17 Dèsèmber 1913-23 Dèsèmber  1976) iyâ arèya birokrat bân politikus dâri Indonèsia. Ruslan toman negghu’ Kalaghungan Sèketaris Umum Naghârâ [[Madhurâ/Jâbâ Tèmor|Madhurâ]] è bâkto Rèpublik [[Inḍonèsia|Indonèsia]] Serikat. Samarèna èyakona kedaulatan Indonèsia, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem [[Pamarènta'an|pamarènta’an]]. Ruslan pas dhâddhi Bhupatè [[Songennep]] dâri taon 1956 sampè’ 1957, Bhupatè [[Bhângkalan, Bhângkalan|Bhângkalan]] dâri taon 1957 sampè’ 1958, bân gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat dâri taon 1958 sampè’ 1966.
Lahèr dhâddhu ana’ dâri Bhupatè Bhângkalan, Ruslan ngala’ pandidighân sampè tèngkatan SMA, Ruslan pas amolaè karèrra kalabân dhâddhi pongghâbâ è kantoe pamarènta’an daèra bân sempat noro’ pandidighân militer è bâkto jhâjhâân [[Jeppang|Jeppang.]] Salastarèn jhâjhâân Jeppang ambu, [[Bâlândhâ]] toju’ neng daèra Madhurâ bân ngangka’ Ruslan dhâddhi Sekretaris Umum Naghârâ madhurâ.
Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem pamarènta’an bâkto pangakowan kedaulatan. Ruslan dhâddhi bhupatè è [[Songennep]] bân Bhângkalan sabâllunna ètodhu dhâddhi [[Kopala Daèra|kopala daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’ è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Mènangka dhâddhi [[kopala Daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’, Ruslan nata sistem pamarènta’an daèra bân wilaya kabhupatèn. È bâktona Ruslan dhâddhi kopala daèra, bâdâ kalaparan sè rajâ sè aghâbây bânnya’ kasèdhâân è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ruslan abhuwâ’ kaangghuy nanganè masala jârèya kalabân ma bâdâ cemmacem katentowan, tapè ennas kaangghuy ma marè. Ruslan pas è pa ambu dâri Kalaghunganna polana ennas. Ruslan pas ta’ andi’ kalaghungan polè bân sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 Dèsèmber 1976.

== Bâkto kènè’ bân pandidighân ==
Ruslan èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 17 Dèsèmber 1913 è [[Kabhupatèn Sampang]]. Ramana, Raden Soerjowinoto,  aghellâr Tjakraningrat XII, bân andi’ kalaghungan dhâddhi bhupatè Bhângkalan dâri taon 1918 kantos 1948. Silsila Ruslan dhâddhi bâgiyân dâri trah Tjakraningrat kèngèng èsarè kantos ka Raden Prasena ([[Tjakraningkat I]]) dâri jhâman sabâllunna [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]], sè èpakon bi’ Sultan Agung dâri Mataram dhâddhi pangobâsa Madhurâ Bârâ’ è abad ka-17&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumber buku - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas |url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794074107 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=id.wikipedia.org |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bâkto Pènsiun bân Bhâlâna ==
Saellana pènsiun ḍâri kalaghungan  mènangka gubernur, Ruslan oḍi' è Sorbhâjâ. Ruslan sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 ḍèsèmber 1976&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-15 |title=Daftar Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat, Mulai dari Ruslan Tjakraningrat hingga Zulkieflimansyah |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/221910378/daftar-gubernur-nusa-tenggara-barat-mulai-dari-ruslan-tjakraningrat-hingga |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èkobhur è pasarèan Aèr Mata Èbhu, kennengnganna kobhurna para rato bân para bhângsawan ḍâri Bhângkalan. Ruslan akabin bi’ Hatimah Tjakraningrat bân anḍi’ ana’ tello’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Memory |first=Bangkalan |title=Profil Bupati Bangkalan Ke 5 - R.A.A. Moh. Roeslan Tjakraningrat |url=http://bangkalanmemory.blogspot.com/2015/07/profil-bupati-bangkalan-ke-5-raa-moh.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sala sèttong panakanna, Hikmahanto Juwana, panèka profèsor hokom internasional è Univèrsitas Inḍonèsia bân samangkèn atugas mènangka Rèktor Univèrsitas Jèndral Achmad Yani.

== Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ==
Saamponna Naghârâ Madhurâ bhubhâr è taon 1950, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèr è ḍâlem pamarènta'an. Salèrana èyangkat ḍhâdḍhi Bupati Sumenep ḍâri taon 1956 kantos 1957 tor Bupati Bhângkalan ḍâri taon 1957 kantos 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suhendra |title=Negara Madura Pernah Ada |url=https://tirto.id/negara-madura-pernah-ada-clbW |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=tirto.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. È ahèr masa kalaghunganna mènangka Bupati Bhângkalan, pamarènta Inḍonèsia maghi Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ dhaddhi Propinsi Bhâli, Propinsi Tengghârâ Bârâ', Propinsi Nusa Tèmor Nunggara . Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' èbentu' lèbât dekrit pamarènta tangghâl 14 Agustus 1958. Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri ngangkat Ruslan mènangka Pamangko Kopala Wilaya Otonomi Tèngkat I Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' lèbât dekrit sè ajhâlân molaè 1 Nopèmber 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bambang |first=Suwondo, |date=1978 |title=Sejarah Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250619223526/https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-date=2025-06-19 |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Pangatoran Pamarènta ḍaèra ===
Maske è bâkto jârèya Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ampon anḍi' status propinsi, orosan pamarènta'an wilayana ghi' èbâgi antara kopala wilaya bân gubernur koordinator Nusa Tengghârâ, sè bâdâ è Singaraja, Bhâli . Ruslan saterrossa ngangkat ḍuwâ' asistèn kopala wilaya kaangghuy abhânto ngator pamarènta'an Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ', èngghi panèka Mamiq Ripaah ghâbây Polo Lombok bân M. Hasan ghâbây Polo Sumbawa.

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      <text bytes="5563" sha1="27rk76yqypqc5uxnj9gszssayxw3qdr" xml:space="preserve">Raden Ario '''Muhamad Ruslan Tjakraningrat''' (17 Dèsèmber 1913-23 Dèsèmber  1976) iyâ arèya birokrat bân politikus dâri Indonèsia. Ruslan toman negghu’ Kalaghungan Sèketaris Umum Naghârâ [[Madhurâ/Jâbâ Tèmor|Madhurâ]] è bâkto Rèpublik [[Inḍonèsia|Indonèsia]] Serikat. Samarèna èyakona kedaulatan Indonèsia, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem [[Pamarènta'an|pamarènta’an]]. Ruslan pas dhâddhi Bhupatè [[Songennep]] dâri taon 1956 sampè’ 1957, Bhupatè [[Bhângkalan, Bhângkalan|Bhângkalan]] dâri taon 1957 sampè’ 1958, bân gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat dâri taon 1958 sampè’ 1966.
Lahèr dhâddhu ana’ dâri Bhupatè Bhângkalan, Ruslan ngala’ pandidighân sampè tèngkatan SMA, Ruslan pas amolaè karèrra kalabân dhâddhi pongghâbâ è kantoe pamarènta’an daèra bân sempat noro’ pandidighân militer è bâkto jhâjhâân [[Jeppang|Jeppang.]] Salastarèn jhâjhâân Jeppang ambu, [[Bâlândhâ]] toju’ neng daèra Madhurâ bân ngangka’ Ruslan dhâddhi Sekretaris Umum Naghârâ madhurâ.
Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem pamarènta’an bâkto pangakowan kedaulatan. Ruslan dhâddhi bhupatè è [[Songennep]] bân Bhângkalan sabâllunna ètodhu dhâddhi [[Kopala Daèra|kopala daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’ è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Mènangka dhâddhi [[kopala Daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’, Ruslan nata sistem pamarènta’an daèra bân wilaya kabhupatèn. È bâktona Ruslan dhâddhi kopala daèra, bâdâ kalaparan sè rajâ sè aghâbây bânnya’ kasèdhâân è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ruslan abhuwâ’ kaangghuy nanganè masala jârèya kalabân ma bâdâ cemmacem katentowan, tapè ennas kaangghuy ma marè. Ruslan pas è pa ambu dâri Kalaghunganna polana ennas. Ruslan pas ta’ andi’ kalaghungan polè bân sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 Dèsèmber 1976.

== Bâkto kènè’ bân pandidighân ==
Ruslan èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 17 Dèsèmber 1913 è [[Kabhupatèn Sampang]]. Ramana, Raden Soerjowinoto,  aghellâr Tjakraningrat XII, bân andi’ kalaghungan dhâddhi bhupatè Bhângkalan dâri taon 1918 kantos 1948. Silsila Ruslan dhâddhi bâgiyân dâri trah Tjakraningrat kèngèng èsarè kantos ka Raden Prasena ([[Tjakraningkat I]]) dâri jhâman sabâllunna [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]], sè èpakon bi’ Sultan Agung dâri Mataram dhâddhi pangobâsa Madhurâ Bârâ’ è abad ka-17&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumber buku - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas |url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794074107 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=id.wikipedia.org |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bâkto Pènsiun bân Bhâlâna ==
Saellana pènsiun ḍâri kalaghungan  mènangka gubernur, Ruslan oḍi' è Sorbhâjâ. Ruslan sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 ḍèsèmber 1976&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-15 |title=Daftar Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat, Mulai dari Ruslan Tjakraningrat hingga Zulkieflimansyah |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/221910378/daftar-gubernur-nusa-tenggara-barat-mulai-dari-ruslan-tjakraningrat-hingga |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èkobhur è pasarèan Aèr Mata Èbhu, kennengnganna kobhurna para rato bân para bhângsawan ḍâri Bhângkalan. Ruslan akabin bi’ Hatimah Tjakraningrat bân anḍi’ ana’ tello’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Memory |first=Bangkalan |title=Profil Bupati Bangkalan Ke 5 - R.A.A. Moh. Roeslan Tjakraningrat |url=http://bangkalanmemory.blogspot.com/2015/07/profil-bupati-bangkalan-ke-5-raa-moh.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sala sèttong panakanna, Hikmahanto Juwana, panèka profèsor hokom internasional è Univèrsitas Inḍonèsia bân samangkèn atugas mènangka Rèktor Univèrsitas Jèndral Achmad Yani.

== Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ==
Saamponna Naghârâ Madhurâ bhubhâr è taon 1950, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèr è ḍâlem pamarènta'an. Salèrana èyangkat ḍhâdḍhi Bupati Sumenep ḍâri taon 1956 kantos 1957 tor Bupati Bhângkalan ḍâri taon 1957 kantos 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suhendra |title=Negara Madura Pernah Ada |url=https://tirto.id/negara-madura-pernah-ada-clbW |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=tirto.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. È ahèr masa kalaghunganna mènangka Bupati Bhângkalan, pamarènta Inḍonèsia maghi Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ dhaddhi Propinsi Bhâli, Propinsi Tengghârâ Bârâ', Propinsi Nusa Tèmor Nunggara . Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' èbentu' lèbât dekrit pamarènta tangghâl 14 Agustus 1958. Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri ngangkat Ruslan mènangka Pamangko Kopala Wilaya Otonomi Tèngkat I Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' lèbât dekrit sè ajhâlân molaè 1 Nopèmber 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bambang |first=Suwondo, |date=1978 |title=Sejarah Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619223526/https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-date=2025-06-19 |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Pangatoran Pamarènta ḍaèra ===
Maske è bâkto jârèya Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ampon anḍi' status propinsi, orosan pamarènta'an wilayana ghi' èbâgi antara kopala wilaya bân gubernur koordinator Nusa Tengghârâ, sè bâdâ è Singaraja, Bhâli . Ruslan saterrossa ngangkat ḍuwâ' asistèn kopala wilaya kaangghuy abhânto ngator pamarènta'an Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ', èngghi panèka Mamiq Ripaah ghâbây Polo Lombok bân M. Hasan ghâbây Polo Sumbawa.

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      <text bytes="6973" sha1="dkugu6td1qxwqvog5d7a1jxrk9yr4hs" xml:space="preserve">Raden Ario '''Muhamad Ruslan Tjakraningrat''' (17 Dèsèmber 1913-23 Dèsèmber  1976) iyâ arèya birokrat bân politikus dâri Indonèsia. Ruslan toman negghu’ Kalaghungan Sèketaris Umum Naghârâ [[Madhurâ/Jâbâ Tèmor|Madhurâ]] è bâkto Rèpublik [[Inḍonèsia|Indonèsia]] Serikat. Samarèna èyakona kedaulatan Indonèsia, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem [[Pamarènta'an|pamarènta’an]]. Ruslan pas dhâddhi Bhupatè [[Songennep]] dâri taon 1956 sampè’ 1957, Bhupatè [[Bhângkalan, Bhângkalan|Bhângkalan]] dâri taon 1957 sampè’ 1958, bân gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat dâri taon 1958 sampè’ 1966.
Lahèr dhâddhu ana’ dâri Bhupatè Bhângkalan, Ruslan ngala’ pandidighân sampè tèngkatan SMA, Ruslan pas amolaè karèrra kalabân dhâddhi pongghâbâ è kantoe pamarènta’an daèra bân sempat noro’ pandidighân militer è bâkto jhâjhâân [[Jeppang|Jeppang.]] Salastarèn jhâjhâân Jeppang ambu, [[Bâlândhâ]] toju’ neng daèra Madhurâ bân ngangka’ Ruslan dhâddhi Sekretaris Umum Naghârâ madhurâ.
Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem pamarènta’an bâkto pangakowan kedaulatan. Ruslan dhâddhi bhupatè è [[Songennep]] bân Bhângkalan sabâllunna ètodhu dhâddhi [[Kopala Daèra|kopala daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’ è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Mènangka dhâddhi [[kopala Daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’, Ruslan nata sistem pamarènta’an daèra bân wilaya kabhupatèn. È bâktona Ruslan dhâddhi kopala daèra, bâdâ kalaparan sè rajâ sè aghâbây bânnya’ kasèdhâân è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ruslan abhuwâ’ kaangghuy nanganè masala jârèya kalabân ma bâdâ cemmacem katentowan, tapè ennas kaangghuy ma marè. Ruslan pas è pa ambu dâri Kalaghunganna polana ennas. Ruslan pas ta’ andi’ kalaghungan polè bân sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 Dèsèmber 1976.

== Bâkto kènè’ bân pandidighân ==
Ruslan èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 17 Dèsèmber 1913 è [[Kabhupatèn Sampang]]. Ramana, Raden Soerjowinoto,  aghellâr Tjakraningrat XII, bân andi’ kalaghungan dhâddhi bhupatè Bhângkalan dâri taon 1918 kantos 1948. Silsila Ruslan dhâddhi bâgiyân dâri trah Tjakraningrat kèngèng èsarè kantos ka Raden Prasena ([[Tjakraningkat I]]) dâri jhâman sabâllunna [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]], sè èpakon bi’ Sultan Agung dâri Mataram dhâddhi pangobâsa Madhurâ Bârâ’ è abad ka-17&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumber buku - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas |url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794074107 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=id.wikipedia.org |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bâkto Pènsiun bân Bhâlâna ==
Saellana pènsiun ḍâri kalaghungan  mènangka gubernur, Ruslan oḍi' è Sorbhâjâ. Ruslan sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 ḍèsèmber 1976&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-15 |title=Daftar Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat, Mulai dari Ruslan Tjakraningrat hingga Zulkieflimansyah |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/221910378/daftar-gubernur-nusa-tenggara-barat-mulai-dari-ruslan-tjakraningrat-hingga |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èkobhur è pasarèan Aèr Mata Èbhu, kennengnganna kobhurna para rato bân para bhângsawan ḍâri Bhângkalan. Ruslan akabin bi’ Hatimah Tjakraningrat bân anḍi’ ana’ tello’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Memory |first=Bangkalan |title=Profil Bupati Bangkalan Ke 5 - R.A.A. Moh. Roeslan Tjakraningrat |url=http://bangkalanmemory.blogspot.com/2015/07/profil-bupati-bangkalan-ke-5-raa-moh.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sala sèttong panakanna, Hikmahanto Juwana, panèka profèsor hokom internasional è Univèrsitas Inḍonèsia bân samangkèn atugas mènangka Rèktor Univèrsitas Jèndral Achmad Yani.

== Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ==
Saamponna Naghârâ Madhurâ bhubhâr è taon 1950, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèr è ḍâlem pamarènta'an. Salèrana èyangkat ḍhâdḍhi Bupati Sumenep ḍâri taon 1956 kantos 1957 tor Bupati Bhângkalan ḍâri taon 1957 kantos 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suhendra |title=Negara Madura Pernah Ada |url=https://tirto.id/negara-madura-pernah-ada-clbW |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=tirto.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. È ahèr masa kalaghunganna mènangka Bupati Bhângkalan, pamarènta Inḍonèsia maghi Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ dhaddhi Propinsi Bhâli, Propinsi Tengghârâ Bârâ', Propinsi Nusa Tèmor Nunggara . Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' èbentu' lèbât dekrit pamarènta tangghâl 14 Agustus 1958. Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri ngangkat Ruslan mènangka Pamangko Kopala Wilaya Otonomi Tèngkat I Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' lèbât dekrit sè ajhâlân molaè 1 Nopèmber 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bambang |first=Suwondo, |date=1978 |title=Sejarah Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619223526/https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-date=2025-06-19 |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Pangatoran Pamarènta ḍaèra ===
Maske è bâkto jârèya Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ampon anḍi' status propinsi, orosan pamarènta'an wilayana ghi' èbâgi antara kopala wilaya bân gubernur koordinator Nusa Tengghârâ, sè bâdâ è Singaraja, Bhâli . Ruslan saterrossa ngangkat ḍuwâ' asistèn kopala wilaya kaangghuy abhânto ngator pamarènta'an Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ', èngghi panèka Mamiq Ripaah ghâbây Polo Lombok bân M. Hasan ghâbây Polo Sumbawa.

Sala sèttong kalakoan sè partama èlampa'aghi sareng Ruslan èngghi panèka èbhubharaghi wilaya otonomi Lombok è tangghâl 17 Ḍèsèmber 1958 bân Polo Sumbawa è tangghâl 22 Jânuari 1959. Tangghâl èbhubharaghina wilaya otonomi Lombok saterrossa ètantoaghi mènangka olang taon propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ'. Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' saterrossa èbâgi ḍâ' pan-bârâmpan wilaya otonomi ondhâg II (kabhupatèn) sè èkatowaè sareng Kopala Wilaya Otonomi ondhàg II (bupati) bân ètugasaghi kopala wilaya ka'angghuy abhânto badan lègislatif (ḍèwan Perwakilan Rakyat ḍaèrah ) bân lembaga asistèn gubernur ( Ḍèwan pamarènta Ḍaèra).

Ruslan saterrossa alaksana'aghi pabentu'ân Ḍèwan perwakilan rakyat ḍaèra mènangka badan lègislatif è tengnga taon 1959. Komposisi angghuta Ḍèwan Perwakilan Rakyat Ḍaèra Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ètantoagi sareng Ruslan è tangghâl 6 Juli 1959 bân angghuta Ḍèwan èresmiyaghi è tangghâl 4 Nopèmber. Lèma arè saterrossa, ḍèwan ècallonaghi Ruslan mènangka Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' kalabân aklamasi ḍâ' Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri . Pacallonan Ruslan èrampaè sareng Mantrè Ḍâlem Negeri. Ruslan èresmiyaghi mènangka Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' sè partama è tangghâl 9 Pèbruari 1960. Ruslan èdaftaraghi mènangka angghuta partai Nahdlatul Ulama è bâkto èresmiyaghi mènangka gubernur.

== Sombher ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8315" sha1="4jrap62jah1epbm3lhzcqflj893nzol" xml:space="preserve">Raden Ario '''Muhamad Ruslan Tjakraningrat''' (17 Dèsèmber 1913-23 Dèsèmber  1976) iyâ arèya birokrat bân politikus dâri Indonèsia. Ruslan toman negghu’ Kalaghungan Sèketaris Umum Naghârâ [[Madhurâ/Jâbâ Tèmor|Madhurâ]] è bâkto Rèpublik [[Inḍonèsia|Indonèsia]] Serikat. Samarèna èyakona kedaulatan Indonèsia, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem [[Pamarènta'an|pamarènta’an]]. Ruslan pas dhâddhi Bhupatè [[Songennep]] dâri taon 1956 sampè’ 1957, Bhupatè [[Bhângkalan, Bhângkalan|Bhângkalan]] dâri taon 1957 sampè’ 1958, bân gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat dâri taon 1958 sampè’ 1966.
Lahèr dhâddhu ana’ dâri Bhupatè Bhângkalan, Ruslan ngala’ pandidighân sampè tèngkatan SMA, Ruslan pas amolaè karèrra kalabân dhâddhi pongghâbâ è kantoe pamarènta’an daèra bân sempat noro’ pandidighân militer è bâkto jhâjhâân [[Jeppang|Jeppang.]] Salastarèn jhâjhâân Jeppang ambu, [[Bâlândhâ]] toju’ neng daèra Madhurâ bân ngangka’ Ruslan dhâddhi Sekretaris Umum Naghârâ madhurâ.
Ruslan nerrossaghi karèrra dâlem pamarènta’an bâkto pangakowan kedaulatan. Ruslan dhâddhi bhupatè è [[Songennep]] bân Bhângkalan sabâllunna ètodhu dhâddhi [[Kopala Daèra|kopala daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’ è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Mènangka dhâddhi [[kopala Daèra]] sè dâ’adâ’, Ruslan nata sistem pamarènta’an daèra bân wilaya kabhupatèn. È bâktona Ruslan dhâddhi kopala daèra, bâdâ kalaparan sè rajâ sè aghâbây bânnya’ kasèdhâân è Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ruslan abhuwâ’ kaangghuy nanganè masala jârèya kalabân ma bâdâ cemmacem katentowan, tapè ennas kaangghuy ma marè. Ruslan pas è pa ambu dâri Kalaghunganna polana ennas. Ruslan pas ta’ andi’ kalaghungan polè bân sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 Dèsèmber 1976.

== Bâkto kènè’ bân pandidighân ==
Ruslan èlahèrraghi è tangghâl 17 Dèsèmber 1913 è [[Kabhupatèn Sampang]]. Ramana, Raden Soerjowinoto,  aghellâr Tjakraningrat XII, bân andi’ kalaghungan dhâddhi bhupatè Bhângkalan dâri taon 1918 kantos 1948. Silsila Ruslan dhâddhi bâgiyân dâri trah Tjakraningrat kèngèng èsarè kantos ka Raden Prasena ([[Tjakraningkat I]]) dâri jhâman sabâllunna [[Hinḍia Bâlândhâ|Hindia Bâlândhâ]], sè èpakon bi’ Sultan Agung dâri Mataram dhâddhi pangobâsa Madhurâ Bârâ’ è abad ka-17&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumber buku - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas |url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789794074107 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=id.wikipedia.org |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Bâkto Pènsiun bân Bhâlâna ==
Saellana pènsiun ḍâri kalaghungan  mènangka gubernur, Ruslan oḍi' è Sorbhâjâ. Ruslan sèdhâ è tangghâl 23 ḍèsèmber 1976&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-15 |title=Daftar Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Barat, Mulai dari Ruslan Tjakraningrat hingga Zulkieflimansyah |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/221910378/daftar-gubernur-nusa-tenggara-barat-mulai-dari-ruslan-tjakraningrat-hingga |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èkobhur è pasarèan Aèr Mata Èbhu, kennengnganna kobhurna para rato bân para bhângsawan ḍâri Bhângkalan. Ruslan akabin bi’ Hatimah Tjakraningrat bân anḍi’ ana’ tello’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Memory |first=Bangkalan |title=Profil Bupati Bangkalan Ke 5 - R.A.A. Moh. Roeslan Tjakraningrat |url=http://bangkalanmemory.blogspot.com/2015/07/profil-bupati-bangkalan-ke-5-raa-moh.html |access-date=2026-07-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sala sèttong panakanna, Hikmahanto Juwana, panèka profèsor hokom internasional è Univèrsitas Inḍonèsia bân samangkèn atugas mènangka Rèktor Univèrsitas Jèndral Achmad Yani.

== Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ==
Saamponna Naghârâ Madhurâ bhubhâr è taon 1950, Ruslan nerrossaghi karèr è ḍâlem pamarènta'an. Salèrana èyangkat ḍhâdḍhi Bupati Sumenep ḍâri taon 1956 kantos 1957 tor Bupati Bhângkalan ḍâri taon 1957 kantos 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suhendra |title=Negara Madura Pernah Ada |url=https://tirto.id/negara-madura-pernah-ada-clbW |access-date=2026-07-16 |work=tirto.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. È ahèr masa kalaghunganna mènangka Bupati Bhângkalan, pamarènta Inḍonèsia maghi Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ dhaddhi Propinsi Bhâli, Propinsi Tengghârâ Bârâ', Propinsi Nusa Tèmor Nunggara . Propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' èbentu' lèbât dekrit pamarènta tangghâl 14 Agustus 1958. Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri ngangkat Ruslan mènangka Pamangko Kopala Wilaya Otonomi Tèngkat I Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' lèbât dekrit sè ajhâlân molaè 1 Nopèmber 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bambang |first=Suwondo, |date=1978 |title=Sejarah Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619223526/https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/7421/ |archive-date=2025-06-19 |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Pangatoran Pamarènta ḍaèra ===
Maske è bâkto jârèya Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ampon anḍi' status propinsi, orosan pamarènta'an wilayana ghi' èbâgi antara kopala wilaya bân gubernur koordinator Nusa Tengghârâ, sè bâdâ è Singaraja, Bhâli . Ruslan saterrossa ngangkat ḍuwâ' asistèn kopala wilaya kaangghuy abhânto ngator pamarènta'an Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ', èngghi panèka Mamiq Ripaah ghâbây Polo Lombok bân M. Hasan ghâbây Polo Sumbawa.

Sala sèttong kalakoan sè partama èlampa'aghi sareng Ruslan èngghi panèka èbhubharaghi wilaya otonomi Lombok è tangghâl 17 Ḍèsèmber 1958 bân Polo Sumbawa è tangghâl 22 Jânuari 1959. Tangghâl èbhubharaghina wilaya otonomi Lombok saterrossa ètantoaghi mènangka olang taon propinsi Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ'. Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' saterrossa èbâgi ḍâ' pan-bârâmpan wilaya otonomi ondhâg II (kabhupatèn) sè èkatowaè sareng Kopala Wilaya Otonomi ondhàg II (bupati) bân ètugasaghi kopala wilaya ka'angghuy abhânto badan lègislatif (ḍèwan Perwakilan Rakyat ḍaèrah ) bân lembaga asistèn gubernur ( Ḍèwan pamarènta Ḍaèra).

Ruslan saterrossa alaksana'aghi pabentu'ân Ḍèwan perwakilan rakyat ḍaèra mènangka badan lègislatif è tengnga taon 1959. Komposisi angghuta Ḍèwan Perwakilan Rakyat Ḍaèra Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ètantoagi sareng Ruslan è tangghâl 6 Juli 1959 bân angghuta Ḍèwan èresmiyaghi è tangghâl 4 Nopèmber. Lèma arè saterrossa, ḍèwan ècallonaghi Ruslan mènangka Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' kalabân aklamasi ḍâ' Mantrè ḍâlem Negeri . Pacallonan Ruslan èrampaè sareng Mantrè Ḍâlem Negeri. Ruslan èresmiyaghi mènangka Gubernur Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' sè partama è tangghâl 9 Pèbruari 1960. Ruslan èdaftaraghi mènangka angghuta partai Nahdlatul Ulama è bâkto èresmiyaghi mènangka gubernur.

=== Pananganan Kalaparan bân Pa'ambuwân ===
È bâkto èpaḍhâḍdhi mènangka kopala wilaya, Ruslan ngadhâbbhi kalabân kalaparan è Lombok lao' dâri taon 1958 kantos 1959, sè èsebbhut polana ojhân sè rèndhâ. Kalaparan ghâpanèka ngasèlaghi kamatèyan lebbi ḍâri 10.000 orèng ḍâri pèttong dhisa sè bhân-sabbhân è Lombok lao'. Mènangka sosolan, Ruslan aghâbây bânnya' kabijhâghân bân program ka'angghuy nyegghâ kalaparan bân kamèskènan sè langkong jhâwu. Tapè, prosès pangatoran kabijâghân è bâkto panèka ghi’ ta’ lancar amarghâ pamarènta ḍaèra Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' ghi’ pagghun fokus kaangghuy maddhek aparat pamarènta’an.

Saellana èresmiyaghi mènangka gubernur, Tjakraningrat molaè aghâbây rencana ka'angghuy ngatasè kalaparan bân panyakèt manolar è yantarana pandhudhu' Nusa Tengghârâ Bârâ' (NTB). È Lombok lao', Tjakraningrat aghâbây operasi tangghâp hosos, namong ta' bisa ngatasè kalaparan è wilaya kasebbhut. Tjakraningrat alaksana'aghi program sè paḍâ è tèngkat propinsi, èngghi panèka geraghân swasembada paḍi, ka'angghuy aghâncangaghi proḍuksi pangan. Program laèn sè èlaksana'aghi panèka program ḍèmonstrasi massal sè aghâbây tèknologi patanèyan akadhi bhibhit bân mèkanisasi sè ongghul ghâbây para patanè è NTB.

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    <title>Anggur</title>
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Anggur iyâ arèya buwâ sè èyola ḍâri ''perdu'' nalar sè tamaso' ḍâlem kalowarga Vitaceae.&lt;ref&gt;Prihatman K. 2000. ''Budidaya Pertanian: Anggur''. Hal: 1-3. Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pembangunan di Pedesaan, BAPPENAS.&lt;/ref&gt; Buwâ rèya biyasana èghuna'aghi kalamon aghâbâyya jus anggur, jeli, minyak bighina anggur, kismis, otabâ èkakan langsung. Tombuwân rèya ampon ètamen sajjhek taon 4000 SM è tèmor tengnga. Tapè, proses ngolana anggur sopajâ dhâddhi ènoman anggur ghun ètemmo è taon 2500 SM sareng bhângsa [[Mesir]]. Sellang sakejjhâ, proses aghâbâyya ènoman anggur rèya dhuli nyebbar ka bânnyak naghâra akadhi [[Spanyol]], [[Jèrman]], [[Prancis]], bân [[Austria|Ausrtria]]. Nyebbarra buwâ rèya sajân bânnya' sabâb perjhâlânan [[Kristofer Kolumbus|Colombus]] sè ngèbâ anggur ka man-ḍimman.

== Variètas Anggur ==
Buwâ anggur anḍi' bânnya' variètas, èantarana:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Anggur |url=http://id.shvoong.com/books/novel-novella/1923693-anggur/ |access-date=2026-07-04 |work=Shvoong |archive-date=2014-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326055403/http://id.shvoong.com/books/novel-novella/1923693-anggur/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Vitis vinifera'', anggur ka'angghuy bahan ènoman anggur [[Èropa]]
* ''Vitis labrusca'', anggur Amèrika Ḍâjâ ka'angghuy aghâbây jus anggur, kadhâng èghâbây ènoman anggur
* ''Vitis riparia'', anggur alas Amèrika Ḍâjâ, kadhâng èghâbây ènoman anggur
* ''Vitis rotundifolia'', muscadine, èghâbây jèli bân kdhâng ènoman anggur
* ''Vitis aestivalis'', varietas Norton èghuna'aghi ka'angghuy aghâbây ènoman anggur
* ''Vitis lincecumii'' (jhughân èsebbhut ''Vitis aestivalis'' otabâ ''Vitis lincecumii''), ''Vitis berlandieri'' (jhughân èsebbhut ''Vitis cinerea'' var. helleri), ''Vitis cinerea'', ''Vitis rupestris'' èghuna'aghi ka'angghuy aghâbây ènoman anggur hibrida bân &quot;rootstock&quot; tahan-hama.

== Sombher ==

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    <title>Tjakraningkat I</title>
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      <text bytes="1319" sha1="nnj6ckux4e3n2c8twvwg1cdrg83xb1j" xml:space="preserve">Cakraningrat I, otabâ Raden Prasena, panèka sala sèttong Adipati Maḍhurâ, sè maènta Maḍhurâ Bârâ' mènangka vassal Kesultanan Mataram. Nalèka Mataram nyerrang Sorbhâjâ sareng Maḍhurâ ètugasaghi abillai wilayah Sampang, namong è bujuk pasra sareng Rangga Gempol I panglima Mataram sè katoronan Maḍhurâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://newssatu.com/bangkalan/sepenggal-kisah-pemerintahan-kabupaten-bangkalan-sejak-tahun-1905/|access-date=2026-07-06|archive-date=2023-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827050343/https://newssatu.com/bangkalan/sepenggal-kisah-pemerintahan-kabupaten-bangkalan-sejak-tahun-1905/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cakraningrat I akabin bi' putri karaton Mataram tor èparèngè gelar Cakraningrat I sareng Sultan Agung, bân menangka vassal salèrana lebbi bânnya' ngabdhi neng karaton Mataram ètèmbang è Maḍhurâ. Cakraningrat I teptep èsto ḍâ’ Sultan Aghung salanjhânga oḍi’na. Cakraningrat I bân pottrana sè sareyang Raden Demang Malayakusuma adhingghâl omor è taon 1647 bâkto ajhâlâni kawajibhân ngatasè pemberontakan Pangeran Alit è alun-alun Plered. Pottrana sè laèn, Raden Undagan, samarèna ghânèka èangka' sareng Mataram menangka ḍhâḍḍhi ghântèna kalabân gelar Cakraningrat II.

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