Asma Barlas

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    <title>Asma Barlas</title>
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'''Asma Barlas''' (Madhurâ: ''ꦲꦱ꧀ꦩꦧꦂꦭꦱ꧀)''  iyâ arèya  tokang nolès bân akademisi Pakistan-Amèrika. Barlas abhândhrengè kajian komparasi bân politik internasional, Islam bân hermeneutika Al-Qur’an jughân kajian bhâ-binè’.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/abarlas &quot;Asma Barlas&quot;.]Ithaca College. 2023-06-04.
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== Kaodi’en bân pendidikan ==
Asma Barlas èlahèraghi è Pakistan taon 1950.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Muslim Women: Past and Present&quot;. https://web.archive.org/.  2011-10-14. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Ollè ghellâr sarjana è jurusan sastra bân filsafat Inggris Kinnaird College, tor ollè ghellâr magister jurnalisme dâri Universitas Punjab. Salaènna jèrèya, Barlas padâ ollè ghellâr magister bân doktor è studi Internasional University of Denver.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Awwaliyah. Neny Muthiatul. &quot;Asma Barlas; Kontribusinya terhadap Perkembangan Tafsir Feminis&quot;. https://rahma.id/. 2021-2-28. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karier ==
Asma Barlas ka’dintoh aropaaghi sala sèttong bhâ-binè’ sè ètetappaghi kaangguy adinas è luar negeri taon 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ollè ennem taon, èpaambu polana bâḍâ intruksi ḍâri jenderal Zia ul Haq.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bio of Asma Barlas.&quot; https://web.archive.org/. 2003-6-11. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Barlas toman alako mènangka asistèn èditor è the Muslim, yakni aropaaghi sorat kabhâr oposisi, sampè’ ahèrrah ollè suaka è Amerika Serikat taon 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Hudri. Misbah. &quot;Mengenal Asma Barlas Sebagai Tokoh Tafsir Feminis&quot;. https://tafsiralquran.id/. 2021-2-21. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

Asma Barlas agabung bân jurusan politik Ithaca College è taon 1991. Barlas panèka aropaaghi pendiri tor dirèktur pusat Studi budaya, ras bân etnis saabittâ 12 taon, jughân neggu' Spinoza Chair è departemen Filsafat Universitas Amsterdam taon 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Maulina. Yuna Ulfah. &quot;Mengenal Asma Barlas: Tokoh Feminisme Islam dan Prinsip Pemikirannya&quot;. https://bincangmuslimah.com/. 2020-7-26. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riset ==
Asma Barlas abhândhrengé cara sopaja umat Islam kèngèng aghâbây pangataowân tentang aghâma otamanah ḍâ’ bidang tafsir sè patriarkhis è Al-Qur’an, saèngghâ nolès buku sè sanget terkenal, iyâ arèya “''Believing women” Islam; Unreading Patriarchal interpretations of the Quran''.&lt;ref&gt;Napol. &quot;Biografi Asma Barlas; Feminis Islam Asal Pakistan.&quot; https://mubadalah.id/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128093052/https://mubadalah.id/ |date=2023-11-28 }}. 2022-10-6. aksès 2023-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

Asma Barlas anolak pangangghâbbhân sè maḍâbu pandangan tor penafsiranna ḍâ’ Islam mènangka “Feminime Islam”, jhâbhâh nalèka pangoca' kasebbhut èyartèyaghi kalabân diskursus kesetaraan gènder bân keaḍilan sosial sè èkaollè ḍâri afahamè al-Qur’an kaangghuy nyarèh praktèk hak bân keaḍilan sè pajuh ḍâ’ saḍâjâ jhâmana umat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

È ḍâlem karyana sè awwal, ''Democracy Nasionalism and Communalism; The Colonial Legacy in South Asia'', Asma Barlas nyarè tao hubungna militer politik Pakistan bân praktèk penjajahan Inggris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Karjâ ==
Asma Barlas ampon bannya’ nolès buku bân Esai, akaḍhi:&lt;ref&gt;Abdullah. Ulfah. &quot;Hak-hak Perempuan dalam Keluarga Menurut Pandangan Asma Barlas&quot;.  https://text-id.123dok.com/. 2016. aksès 2023-11-28. &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Buku ===

* ''Islam, Muslims, and the US: Essays on Religion and Politics'' (India, Global Media Publications, 2004)''&quot;Perempuan Beriman&quot; dalam Islam: Penafsiran Patriarkal yang Tidak Dibaca atas Al-Qur'an'' (University of Texas Press, 2002).
* ''Perempuan Beriman&quot; dalam Islam: Penafsiran Patriarkal yang Tidak Dibaca atas Al-Qur'an'' (University of Texas Press, 2002).
* ''Democracy, Nationalism, and Communalism: The Colonial Legacy in South Asia'' (Westview Press, 1995)
* ''Confronting Qur'anic Patriarchy'' (University of Texas Press, 2018) (forthcoming) (co-written with Raeburn Finn) ??
* ''&quot;Believing Women&quot; in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an'' (Revised edition. University of Texas Press, February 2019).

=== Esai ===

* Reviving Islamic Universalism: East/s, West/s, and Coexistence,&quot; in Abdul Aziz Said and Meena Sharify-Funk (eds.), ''Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static'' (Routledge, 2006).
* &quot;Women's and Feminist Readings of the Qur'an,&quot; in Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.), ''Cambridge Companion to the Qur'an'' (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
* &quot;Globalizing Equality: Muslim Women, Theology, and Feminisms,&quot; in Fera Simone (ed.), ''On Shifting Ground: Muslim Women in the Global Era'' (NY: Feminist Press, 2005).
* &quot;Amina Wadud's Hermeneutics of the Qur'an: Women Rereading Sacred Texts,&quot; in Suha Taji-Faruqi (ed.), ''Contemporary Muslim Intellectuals and the Quran: Modernist and Post Modernist Approaches'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)

== Abhâs jughân ==

* Fatimah Mernissi
* Ziba Mir-Hosseini
* Azizah Y. al-Hibri
* Amin Wadud
* feminisme Islam

== Sombher ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nahdlatul Ulama</title>
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      <text bytes="4326" sha1="qx7bck1asn4slr0ujjxrxfiab2y4vka" xml:space="preserve">'''Nahdlatul Ulama''' (NU) iyâ arèya organisasi asu aghâma Islam [[Inḍonesia|Inḍonèsia]] sè è padhâddhiaghi sarèng Hasyim Asy'ari, pengasuh Pondhuk Tebuireng ḍâri Jombang, [[Jhâbâ Tèmor|Jhâbâ Temor]]. NU andhi’ anggota korang lebbi 40 juta (2013) kantos lebbi ḍâri 95 juta è taon (2021) sè adhâddhiaghi mènangka organisasi Islam palèng raja è dhunnya&lt;ref&gt;Abdurrahman, Syarif (2021-12-20), Tebuireng Initiatives'','' &quot;[https://www.tebuireng.co/menuju-abad-ke-2-nahdlatul-ulama/ Menuju Abad ke-2 Nahdlatul Ulama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220091220/https://www.tebuireng.co/menuju-abad-ke-2-nahdlatul-ulama/ |date=2021-12-20 }}&quot;, è aksès 2023-02-02.&lt;/ref&gt;. NU jughan aropa’aghi badan amal sè ngoros pondhu, sekola, perguruan tinggi, roma sake` bân ngoros masyarakat ka’anghuy abhanto ningkataghi kualitas odi’ umat Islam.

NU è dhâddhiaghi è 16 Rajab 1344 H (sè sami kalabân tangghal 31 Januari 1926) è [[Koṭṭa Sorbhâjâ|Kotta Sorbhâjâ]] sareng sorang ulama bân para pedagang ka’anghuy abela praktik Islam tradisionalis (sami kalabân akidah Asy'ariyah bân fikih Mazhab Syafi'i) bân kapentingan ekonomi anggotana. Pandangan keagamaan NU è angghep &quot;tradisionalis&quot; polana mânoleransi budaya lokal selama ta’ nyèmpang kalabân ajaran Islam. Hal rèya abedaghi kalabân organisasi Islam palèng rajâ nomer duwâ’ è Inḍonèsia, Muhammadiyah, sè è angghep &quot;reformis&quot; polana abhutoaghi interpretasi sè lebbi literal dha’ Al-Qur'an bân Sunnah.&lt;ref&gt;Abdurrahman, Syarif (2021-09-26), Tebuireng Initiatives, &quot;[https://www.tebuireng.co/memilih-nahdlatul-ulama-ini-alasan-kiai-wahid/ Memilih Nahdlatul Ulama, Ini Alasan Kiai Wahid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819202721/https://www.tebuireng.co/memilih-nahdlatul-ulama-ini-alasan-kiai-wahid/ |date=2022-08-19 }}&quot; '','' è aksès 2023-02-02.&lt;/ref&gt;

Banyya’ tokoh NU iyâ arèya pendukung konsep [[Islam]] nusantara, sebuah ciri khas Islam sè ampon ngalami interaksi, kontekstualisasi, pribumisasi, interpretasi, bân vernakularisasi sè sami kalabân kondisi sosial budaya è Inḍonèsia. Islam Nusantara apromosiaghi moderasi, anti-fundamentalisme, pluralisme bân è titik tertentu, sinkretisme.&lt;ref&gt;F Muqoddam (2019), ''E Journal IAIN Madura,'' &quot;[http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/1950 Syncretism of Slametan Tradition As a Pillar of Islam Nusantara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407051702/http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/1950 |date=2022-04-07 }}&quot;, è aksès 2023-11-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajhârâ ==

=== Asal Usul ===
NU è dhâddhiaghi taon 1926 mènangka organisasi ulama Muslim Asy'ari ortodoks, sè bhidâ ḍâri pandangan kalabân kebijakan modernis Muhammadiya bân Persatuan Islam (Persis), bân awwal dâdâr gerakan Salafi ḍâri organisasi Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah è Inḍonèsia sè sama nolak adat istiadat sè ampon bâdâ sè èpângaruhi sarèng tradisi Hindu bân Buddha Jâbha pra-Islam.&lt;ref&gt;Gramedia.com, &quot;[https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/sejarah-nu/ Sejarah NU (Nahdlatul Ulama), Ini Penjelasan Lengkapnya]&quot;, è aksès 2023-11-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Organisasi rèya è dhâddhiaghi saellana Komite Hijaz ampon alaksana’aghi tugassa bân bhadhi èbubaraghi. Organisasi rèya èdhâddhiaghi sarèng Hasyim Asy'ari, kepala pesantren è Jâbha Temor. Organisasi NU sajhèn maju, tetape basis dukunganna paghun è Jâbhâ Temor. è taon 1928, NU aghuna’aghi Bhâsa Jâbhâ ḍhalem khotbahna, è samping [[Bhâsa Arab]].

È taon 1937, makkè hubungan NU kalabân organisasi-organisasi Islam Sunni laènna è Inḍonèsia jhubâ', organisasi-organisasi kasebbhut abhângon Majelis Islam A'la Inḍonèsia (MIAI) mènangka forum diskusi.&lt;ref&gt;Hasana Nikmatul, Kompasiana.com, &quot;[https://www.kompasiana.com/nikmatulhasana/6540c013edff76328c709064/perbedaan-muhammadiyah-dan-nahdatul-ulama Perbedaan Muhammadiyah dan Nahdatul Ulama]&quot;, è aksès 2023-11-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Kabbhi agabung kalabân sabâgiyân rajâ organisasi Islam laènna sè bâdâ è bâjâ rowa. È taon 1942, [[Jeppang]] nḍonèsia bân è bulân Sèptèmber è bâdâ konferensi pemimpin Islam è [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]].

== Sombher ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Bhângsa:Nahdlatul Ulama| ]]
[[Bhângsa:Islam]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad bin Yahya</title>
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      <text bytes="6731" sha1="8zt934ep3cyzmtssk3c016wgmnnqpa5" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad bin Yahya''' (Bahasa Arab: محمّد بن يحيى , Muḥammad bin Yahyā; Oca' dâlâm bahasa arab: [(ʔ)mʊħæmmæd bin jɑħˈjɑ:] nyamah lânjâng: (Bahasa arab: سيد محمّد بن علي بن يحيى بن صيب الرحيم بني الرحيم. Muḥammad bin ‘Alī bin Ḥasan bin Ṭāhā bin Yaḥyā al-‘Alawī); 1844 M/1260 H - 17 Februari 1947 M/26 Rabiul awal 1366 H) otabâ lebbi èkennal kalabân asma Pangeran Noto Igomo panèka sala sèttong ulama Indonesia sè lahir è [[Hadramaut]] sè dhâḍdhi mufti Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara ing Martadipura è jaman pamarenta'an Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (1899-1910). Noto Igomo panèka gelar sè èparèngaghi sareng [[Aji Muhammad Alimuddin|Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin]], gelar ka'dinto aropa'aghi gelar sè palèng tèngghi sè èparèngaghi sareng kesultanan polana jasana è ḍâlem mamajuaghi agama Islam.

== Biografi ==
'''Awal Kaodhiân'''

Habib Muhammad bin Yahya èlahèrraghi è taon 1260 Hijriyah (1844 M) è Al-Masilah, sèttong dhisa kènè' è Hadramaut. Muhammad asalla ḍâri keluarga Alawiyyin kalabân marga Aal bin Yahya, ramana Sayyid Ali bin Hasan bin Thaha bin Yahya (w. 1875), èbhuna Syarifah ḍâri keluarga bin Thahir. Rama dri embana, Habib Thaha bin Muhammad bin Yahya aropa’agi bangatowana se dha’-adha’na maso’ ka Nusantara. Pertama kalèna maso' ka Indonesia lèbât Polo Pinang, Malaysia. È bâkto bâḍâ è Pinang, ètemmoè Sultan Hamengkubuwana II (1750-1828) sè èbuang sareng Bâlândhâ, sè saterrossa dhâddhi santrè bân mattowana.

'''Hijrah ka Indonesia'''

Latar hijrahna Habib Muhammad bin Yahya ka Indonesia salaèn namong nyabis ka la-balana se bâdâ è Batavia (samangkèn Jakarta) sareng Ambon sè ampon hijrah sabellunna, namong jugan adâgâng tor dakwah. Bâdâ duwâ' versi rute parjhâlânanna ḍâri Masilah, Hadramaut ka Indonesia, sè kapèng settong, ḍâri Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Tenggarong; kaduwâ', dâri Masilah-Tarim-Aden-Batavia-Surabaya-Ambon-Surabaya-Tenggarong.

È parjhâlânanna ḍâri Masilah ka Indonesia, Habib Muhammad ngalèbâtè Aden lèbât Tarim. E Tarim ngenep e sèttong bengko se andhi’na kennèbg panyaket Hansen (kusta). Kalabân èdina Allah se andhi’ bengko se nyandhang panyaket kusta è obâtè sareng salèrana bân bârâs polè. Mènangka ungkapan sokkor, orèng sè andhi’ roma lajhu ngabin ponakanna ka Habib Muhammad. Saamponna alènggi è Tarim pan-saponapan bakto, Habib Muhammad lajhu nerrossaghi parjhâlânanna nojju ka Aden kantos napa’ ka Batavia.

È Batavia, èpon èntar ka pamanna, Habib Abu Bakar Bin Thahir. Saamponna nerrossaghi parjhâlânanna ka Sorbâja, è Boto Putih salèrana ngajhâri agama sareng Habib Syekh Bafaqih. Salaèn ka’dinto jhugân atemmo sareng sapopona sè anyama Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir se bâḍâ è Ambon

Habib Muhammad bin Yahya dhâpa' ka Tenggarong è taon 1877. È Tenggarong, èkabin pottrana Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (Sultan Kutai kapèng 19) sè anyama Aji Aisyah, kalabân jhujhur Aji Raden Resminingpuri.

'''Mufti Kesultanan Kutai'''

Habib Ali bin Abdullah al-Habsyi Barabai (kiri) bân Habib Muhammad bin Yahya Tenggarong (kanan). Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin aparèng jabatan penghulu bân mufti kesultanan sè andi' wewenang samporna kaangghuy ngurus sadhâjâ urusan kesultanan sè èkabâ sareng agama dâ' Habib Muhammad bin Yahya. Jhugân kèngèng gelar kehormatan ḍâri Sultan kalabân gelar “Raden Syarif Penghulu”, saterrossa gelar kasebbut eterrosagi kalaban gelar “Pangeran Noto Igomo”. Saabidda marènta, Pangeran Noto Igomo ngajari agama Islam akadhi hokom syariah tor tasawuf dhâ’ orèng Tenggarong sareng sakobengnga. 

Areng-sareng para ulama, beliau mendorong kecepatan dakwah Islam è Kalimantan. Sala sèttong kanca dakwah sè nolongè &quot;jihad&quot;-na panèka Habib Alwi bin Abdullah al-Habsy, Kapten Arab è Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah, Kalimantan Lao'. Se kaduwâ'na kanca semma' è bâkto bâḍâ è Hadramaut bân èpabâli' è Kalimantan. 

Salaèn arabât tor ngajâri agâma, salerana jugan merhatiagi kasejahteraan rakyat kalaban ngonjang masyarakat kaangguy alako perkebunan. Areng-sareng masyarakat, salerana pas mokka’ taneyan kalapa e Sangkulirang, Kutai Temor; perkebunan rotan è Sandaran, Kutai Tèmor; bân perkebunan karet è Bukit Jering, Muara Kaman, Kutai Kartanegara.

== Kaodhiân Pribadi ==

Saabiddâ odhi’na, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya akabin empa’ orèng binè'. Pertama, salerana akabin è Tarim è bâkto ajâlân ḍâri Hadramaut ka Aden lèbât Tarim, dâri parkawinan panèka salerana ta’ andhi’ ana’. Sè kapèng dhuwa’, è bâkto alènglèng ḍâri Batavia ka Sorbâjâ abâ’na akabin sareng parabân dâri Sorbâjâ se aparèng ana’ binè' sè anyama Syarifah Fatimah. Kapèng tello’, abâ’na akabin è Ambon è bâkto alampa’an ḍâri Sorbâjâ ka Ambon kaangguy atemmo bân sapopona, Habib Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Thahir, dhari parkawinan ka’dhinto abâ’na andi’ potra lakè’ sè anyama Sayyid Ali. Kapèng empa’, akabin è Tenggarong sareng Aji Aisyah sè anyama Aji Raden Resminingpuri pottrana Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (Sultan Kutai ka-19) tor alè'na Aji Muhammad Parikesit (Sultan Kutai ka-20). Dâri parkawinanna sareng Aji Aisyah eberkadi 9 pottra, 6 lalake’ (Sayid Ahmad, Sayid Umar, Sayid Ali, Sayid Barri, Sayid Abdul Maula, sareng Sayid Husein) sareng 3 orèng binè’ (Syarifah Sehhah, Syarifah Nur, sareng Syarifah Fatimah). Amarghâ akabin sareng bangsawan Kutai, katoronanna saterrossa èparengi gelar Aji Sayid mongghu lalakè' tor Aji Syarifah monggu ana' binè'. Aji Raden Sayid Fadly, aktor Indonesia dâri Samarinda sè aropa'aghi sala sèttong katoronah.

== Ampon sèdâ ==

Kompleks pemakaman Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin dan Pangeran Noto Igomo è Makam Kelambu Kuning. È tanggal 26 Rabiul Awal è taon 1366 Hijriyah otabâ bertepatan sareng tanggâl 17 Februwari 1947 M, Habib Muhammad bin Yahya sè ajudul Raden Syarif Pangeran Noto Igomo seda. Mayyidda esareyagi è komplek Makam Kelambu Kuning, Melayu, Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Temor. Kennengngan istirahat se dhi-budhina semma’ ka makam binè bân mattowana, Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin. Samangken komplek pamakaman Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin tor Pangeran Noto Igomo ampon epadâddi bangunan warisan budaya sareng pamarenta Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara.

Haul otaba parengeddân sedâna salanjangnga èperingati sabbân taon è Masjid Agung Hasanuddin, Tenggarong. Haul Pangeran Noto Igomo serrèng èlaksanaaghi èbârengngè Haul Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman, Sultan Kutai sè kapèng 18.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa</title>
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      <text bytes="911" sha1="5ditnz1rgx8ub41vpxzp4byce6s0ex8" xml:space="preserve">'''Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB)''', iyâ arèya partai politik è [[Inḍonèsia]] sè anḍi idèologi moderat, artèna partai Muslèm tapè ta' Islamis. Partai rèya èbangun bi' [[Prèsiḍèn Inḍonèsia|Prèsidèn Inḍonèsia]] ka-4 Abdurrahman Wahid è [[Jakarta]] neng 23 Juli 1998 (29 Rabi'ul Awwâl 1419 Hijriah) sè anḍi' sokongan kuat ḍari kiai-kiai [[Nahdlatul Ulama|Nahdlatul Ulama']], akadhi Munasir Ali, Ilyas Ruhiat, Mustofa Bisri bân Muchith Muzadi.&lt;ref&gt;Arifin, Ichwan. [https://eprints.undip.ac.id/17700/ Kiai dan Politik Studi Kasus Perilaku Politik Kiai dalam Konflik Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) Pasca Muktamar II Semarang.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910085313/http://eprints.undip.ac.id/17700/ |date=2024-09-10 }} Diss. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro, 2008. Diaksès 2025-09-18.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Santrè</title>
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      <text bytes="2025" sha1="5ttkza7y9z7oophsdicvk6877sfrfqi" xml:space="preserve">Sacara etimologis, istilah santri asalla dâri oca' Sansekerta &quot;shastri,&quot; artena mored kitab suci otabâ ajaran agama. È dâlem konteks bhâsa Indonesia, santri èngghi panèka mored otabâ mored sè ajhâr Islam è lembaga pendidikan tradisional sè èsebbhut pesantren. Nangeng, istilah santri gadhuwan arte se lebbi jembar etembang coma daddi santre. Santri jhughân ècerminaghi orèng sè nero nilai-nilai Islam è dâlem kaodhi'ân sabbhân arè, akadhi disiplin, kesederhanaan, bân ta'at dâ' guruna (kyai). Odhi'na mahasiswa panèka sinonim sareng suasana rohani sè dâlem; rèng-orèng rowa aghâbây bâkto kaangghuy ajhâr, adu'a, bân asosialisasi è lingkungan sè aghâdhui nilai-nilai moral bân tanggung jawab sosial sè molja&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/nuansa/article/download/162/153/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917004917/http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/nuansa/article/download/162/153 |archive-date=2024-09-17 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Bhengkek:Metode Sorogan.jpg|jmpl]]
Jarèya pesantren Islam è Indonesia èmolaè kalabân parkembangan pesantren tradisional Islam (pesantren) sè bâdâ sajjhek panyabbhâran agama Islam è nusantara, khususèpon è abad ke-15 bân ke-16. Wali (wali) bân ulama (ulama Islam) maddek asrama Islam kaangghuy ngajhâri ajaran Islam dâ' masyarakat.Dhari ka'dhissa', kalowar komunitas santri, kalompo' sè èkhususaghi kaangghuy ngartè elmo agama bân niru kaodhi'ân para ulama (ulama Islam). Peran santri èpakowat è jaman penjajahan. Bâdâ sè dhâddhi bagiyân penting dâri gerakan perlawanan, khusussa bâkto KH. Hashim Asy'ari makalowar Resolusi Jihad è tanggal 22 Oktober 1945—satèya èpèyara mènangka Are Santri Nasional.

Molae gapaneka, santri eangghep lambang perlawanan alaban penjajahan tor panjaga akhlak bangsa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.daaruttarmizi.id/welcome/artikel_detail/Mengenal-Pengertian-Santri-45&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Pangangghuy:Fendi Chovi</title>
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      <text bytes="438" sha1="7kd44js1idz9lkkk8bb6tmrvbgq1l2e" xml:space="preserve">Ngatorè pojhi sokkor. Kennalaghi ghi ... 

Nyama kaulâ Fendi Chovi. Rè-saarè kaulâ ngajhâr tor aghâbây serradhân akadhiyâ buku, carèta pandâ' (carpan) tor jhâjhârbâ'ân ngèngèngè buku (Resensi).

Arè mangkèn, kaulâ ampon kacatet mènangka Angghuta komunitas WikiMadura. 

Rè-sa'arè sabâgiyân kanca, nyebbhut kalabân nyama 'Pepen'. Torè aḍhâ-kanḍha !

Ajhâghâ Èsto tor Pangèsto !

{{Angghuta WikiNamen}}</text>
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      <text bytes="526" sha1="ew84wbx0rimnv4xm6o98vzlsk176c5v" xml:space="preserve">Ngatorè pojhi sokkor. Kennalaghi ghi ... 

Nyama kaulâ Fendi Chovi. Rè-saarè kaulâ ngajhâr tor aghâbây serradhân akadhiyâ buku, carèta pandâ' (carpan) tor jhâjhârbâ'ân ngèngèngè buku (Resensi).

Arè mangkèn, kaulâ ampon kacatet mènangka Angghuta komunitas WikiMadura. 

Rè-sa'arè sabâgiyân kanca, nyebbhut kalabân nyama 'Pepen'. Torè aḍhâ-kanḍha !

Ajhâghâ Èsto tor Pangèsto !

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Wikilatih Wikipèḍia Madhurâ bân Ajhâr Diakritik Madura 2026}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

{{Angghuta WikiNamen}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3613" sha1="tepe6llwoetiuieuhgafo3qdll3ezin" xml:space="preserve">{{Stub}}
Apem&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Serba-serbi Serabi {{!}} Street Food Ideas |url=http://www.streetfoodideas.com/serba-serbi-serabi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821014635/http://www.streetfoodideas.com/serba-serbi-serabi/ |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=www.streetfoodideas.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyâ arèya kakanan sè èkaghâbây ḍâri teppong bherres sè èbegghâ semalem kalabân nyamporraghi tellor, patè, ghulâ bân tapay tor bujâ lajhu èpangghâng otabâ ètowap. Bento'na akanta serabhi, tapè lebbi tebbel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mediatama |first=Grahanusa |date=2014-03-09 |title=Lezatnya keuntungan dari bisnis apem aneka rasa |url=https://peluangusaha.kontan.co.id/news/lezatnya-keuntungan-dari-bisnis-apem-aneka-rasa |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=kontan.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanan rèya asalla ḍâri Jhâbâ.

== Asal-osol bân Adhât ==
Mènorot carèta lambâ', jhâjhân rèya èghibâ sareng Ki Ageng Gribig sè aropaaghi katoronan ''Prabu Brawijaya'' abâli ḍâri parjhâlânan ḍâri tana soccè. Panjânnângèpon ngèbâ lè-ollè 3 bigghi' kakanan ḍâri ka'dissa. Namong, sabâb mlarat, jhâjhân apem rèya èghâbây polè bân binina. Samarèna dhâddhi, jhâjhân-jhâjhân jârèya lajhu èghi-bâghi ḍâ' tatangghâna sè semma'. Tatangghâna sè arebbhu'ân kaangghuy ngaollè jhâjhânan Ki Ageng Gribig angowa'aghi oca' “''yaqowiyu''” sè artèna &quot;Guste, parèngè kabhânniyân&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;sejarahapem2&quot;&gt;[http://agrojateng.info/peta-industri-ikm/komoditi/makanan-tradisional/119-berbahan-tepung/120-industri-kue-apem.html ''Industri Kue Apem''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820201530/http://agrojateng.info/peta-industri-ikm/komoditi/makanan-tradisional/119-berbahan-tepung/120-industri-kue-apem.html|date=2014-08-20}} Diakses dari situs Agro Jateng pada 25 Dèsèmber 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Kakanan rèya lajhu èkennal so orèng-orèng mènangka jhâjhân apem, iyâ arèya asalla ḍâri bhâsa arab “''affan''” sè andi' artè pangapora. Tojjhuânna iyâ arèya sopajâ orèng-orèng jhughân èpajhurung terros nyo'on sapora dâ' ghustè Allah. Bid-abidhân, kabiyasaan &quot;ari'-berri'&quot;jhâjhân apem rèya saterrossèpon è dâlem ''acara-acara'' salamèddhan ra'-para' bulân Pasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;sejarahapem2&quot; /&gt;

== Bahanna ==
Bahan otama kaangghuy aghâbây apem iyâ arèya bherres, ghulâ, nyeor bân raghi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rahmani, A. A., dan Mulyanti, D.|date=16 Oktober 2021|title=Akulturasi Budaya dan Agama dalam Tradisi Kekeba/Ngupati (Syukuran Empat Bulan) Ibu Hamil di Desa Parakanmanggu Parigi Pangandaran|url=http://repository.usbypkp.ac.id/1541/1/2_Ai%20Adah.pdf|journal=Prosiding Seminar Sosial Politik, Bisnis, Akuntansi dan Teknik (SoBAT) ke-3|pages=13|isbn=978-623-92199-2-5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201234207/http://repository.usbypkp.ac.id/1541/1/2_Ai%20Adah.pdf|archive-date=2022-02-01|access-date=2025-12-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Aroma'' jhâjhân apem bisa dhâddhi ro'om mon ètowap ngangghuy takèr ḍâri ḍâun panḍân. Macem ḍâun panḍân sè èyangghuy iyâ arèya sè lèbâr. Ḍaun panḍân lèbâr jhughân bisa èghântè kalabân ḍâun ghedhhâng sè lajhu ètambâè bân sabârâpa ḍâun panḍân.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Buleng |first=Apri |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/350_Resep_Cake_Kue_Roti/SUFYDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=350 Resep Cake, Kue, &amp; Roti |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=DeMedia |isbn=978-979-082-279-5 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Pasarean Batu Ampar</title>
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      <text bytes="3740" sha1="olbax9wpep87o5cdsa76c3migbsmjma" xml:space="preserve">Pasarean Batu Ampar aropa’agi komplek pamakaman sakral se badha e Disa Pangbatok, Kecamatan Proppo, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura. tempat panèka èangghep sala sèttong buktè penting è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân panyabbhâran agama Islam è Madhurâ, khusussa peran para ulama sè alako è dhissa'. Pasarean Batu Ampar ta’ kengeng epadaddi kennengngan ngoburragi tokoh-tokoh agama.

È dâlem tradisi orèng Madhurâ, istilah &quot;buju&quot; aropaaghi gelar kehormatan sè èparèngaghi dâ' orèng-orèng sè ampon apareng kontribusi sè signifikan dâlem panyabbhâran bân pangajhârân agama Islam. Salaèn jârèya, istilah &quot;buju'ja&quot; serrèng èghâdhui tokoh-tokoh agama sè, menorot kaparcaja'an lokal, ngalakonè kalakowan rohani otabâ &quot;karamah&quot; (kabâgusan) è bâkto omor. Arte ka’dinto edhasarragi dha’ tradisi agama sareng kabudhaja’an lokal oreng Madura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kisah Pesarean Batu Ampar, Jejak Penyebaran Islam di Madura |url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1063075/704/kisah-pesarean-batu-ampar-jejak-penyebaran-islam-di-madura-1680494667 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=SINDOnews Daerah |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tokoh Ulama ==
Pasarean Batu Ampar asalla dhari basa Madura, “Bato” artena bato ban “Ampar” artena acar-pencar tape eator akantha karpet. È dâlem komplèks ka'dinto bâdâ ennem makam aulia (suci Allah) sè èsebbhut Bujuk, è antarana Syekh Abdul Manan (Bujuk Kosambi), Syekh Basyaniyah (Bujuk Tumpeng), Syekh Abu Syamsudin (Bujuk Lattong), Syekh Husen, Syekh Moh. Romli, sareng Syekh Damanhuri. Syekh Abdul Manan, potrana Sayyid Husein (pottrana Sunan Ampel), èkabâ' ampon ngasingaghi dhibi' è Batu Ampar salastarèna ramana seda, saterrossa maddek pertapaan kènè' kaangghuy ngajhâri agama Islam dâ' orèng Madhurâ.

Pasarean Batu Ampar dhâddhi pusat dakwah Islam è Madhurâ è abad ke-16. Syekh Abdul Manan bân Bujuk laènna èkennal polana kharisma bân kakowadhân ajaib, sè dhâddhiyâghi situs panèka mènangka tojjuwan ziarah sè èkasennengi, sè matarèk para haji dâri bhân-sabbhân wilayah sè nyarèh berkat, èpaèla'aghi, otabâ coma entar. Ritual haji biasana tamaso' maos do'a, salawat (berkat), bân maos Al-Qur'an, bân jhughân ènom aèng dâri somor, sè èparcajâ aghâdhui khasiat penyembuhan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bakhruddin |first=Mukhammad |date=2017-12-31 |title=MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KULTUR AKADEMIK DAN MERAWAT TRADISI PESANTREN DI UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA |url=https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/islamuna/article/view/1594 |journal=Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=317–333 |doi=10.19105/islamuna.v4i2.1594 |issn=2443-3535 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914122124/https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/islamuna/article/view/1594 |archive-date=2024-09-14 |access-date=2025-12-28 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pasarean Batu Ampar ka’dinto ce’ parlona menangka jejak sejarah penyebaran agama Islam e Madura tor daddi simbol rohani monggu masyarakat satempat. Kompleks panèka bhunten namong mènangka kennengngan koburan namong jhughân mènangka pusat kegiatan agama bân pariwisata agama, sè ghi' aktif kantos samangken. Pasarean Batu Ampar mencerminkan camporan sejarah, kerohanian, sareng kabudhajaan e dalem tradisi Islam e Madura, tor aropaaghi bukte se jellas peran para ulama Islam e dalem penyebaran agama tor pembentukan jati diri Islam e wilayah ka’dinto&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wisata Religi Batu Ampar: Tempat Ziarah di Pamekasan, Madura |url=https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/wisata-religi-batu-ampar-tempat-ziarah-di-pamekasan-madura-237WMulyBFk |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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[[Bhângsa:Indonesia]]</text>
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    <title>Emma Poeradiredja</title>
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      <text bytes="7191" sha1="qb5uuavag1zoo884qbvtckwy065nad9" xml:space="preserve">Emma Poeradiredja panèka aktivis hak-hak bhâbinè'an Indonesia sè aghâdhui peran penting dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân gerakan bhâbinè'an è Jhâbâ Bârâ' è parèngnga'an pertama kantos tengnga abad ke-20. Bâ'na èkennal mènangka pimpinan otama Pasundan Istri (PASI), organisasi bhâbinè'an Sunda sè mabâdâhaghi pendidikan bhâbinè'an, kasadaran sosial, bân partisipasi politik è tengnga tekanan kolonialisme Bâlândhâ bân dinamika perjuangan kamardika'an Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Blackburn |first=Susan |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511492198 |title=Women and the State in Modern Indonesia |date=2004-11-11 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84225-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Orèng asli dâri Jawa Bârâ', lahir è tanggal 13 Agustus 1902, è otabâ è sekitar Cirebon (Cilimus, Kuningan), menorot bânnya' sumber, Emma mimpin PASI ghâbây periode sè cè' lanjhângnga, molaè taon 1930 kantos 1970. È bâbâ pimpinanna, PASI aghâbây strategi ghâbây pembangunan Sunda sè èbâhas aspirasi, masalah sosial, pendidikan bân pendidikan nasionalis. Karya-karyana aghâbây Emma Poeradiredja mènangka tokoh sentral maske serrèng ta' èparduliaghi è dâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân gerakan bhâbinè'an Indonesia, khusussa è tingkatan regional, sè aghâdhui jembatan perjuangan bhâbinè'an è antara masa kolonial, revolusi kamardika'an, bân jaman awal kamardika'an Indonesia.

== Biografi ==
Emma Poeradiredja èlahèrraghi è tanggal 13 Agustus 1902, è otabâ è sekitar Cirebon, Jhâbâ Bârâ', dâri keluarga Sunda sè pendidikan kalabân nurani sosial bân nasionalisme sè kuat. Latar bhâlakang kalowargana mampu Emma kaangghuy ollè aksès ka pendidikan formal sèttong hak istimewa sè ghi' èbâtesi ghâbây bhâbinè'an pribumi è awal abad ke-20. asakola è sakola'an bhâsa Bâlândhâ, sè mabâli èpon kalabân katerampilan literasi modern bân wawasan dâlem administrasi bân organisasi. Didikan panèka abhânto sensitivitasna dâ' ketimpangan gender, khusussa è dâlem masyarakat Sunda, sè ngadhep tekanan kolonial bân obâ'ân sosial. Kombinasi nilai-nilai budaya lokal bân pendidikan modern panèka salastarèna dhâddhi landhu'an ghâbây keterlibatan Emma dâlem gerakan bhâbinè'an bân organisasi sosial-politik&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yuliana |first=Fatikha |date=2019-03-01 |title=Mengenal Emma Poeradiredja; Kiprah Perjuangan Tokoh Perempuan Tiga Zaman |url=https://mubadalah.id/emma-poeradiredja-kiprah-perjuangan-tokoh-perempuan-tiga-zaman/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Keadilan dan Kesetaraan Gender - Mubadalah |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106112348/https://mubadalah.id/emma-poeradiredja-kiprah-perjuangan-tokoh-perempuan-tiga-zaman/ |archive-date=2026-01-06 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Bhengkek:Emma Puradiredja, Memperkenalkan Anggota-Anggota DPR Hasil Pemilu 1971, p176.jpg|jmpl|Emma Poeradiredja]]

== Karirre ==
Emma Poeradiredja ampon nerrossaghi jhâlân aktivis politik sè konsisten molaè jaman kolonial Bâlândhâ. Bâ'na aktif è Gerakan Parlemen Indonesia (GAPI), aliansi organisasi nasionalis sè nyoro pamarenta'an dhibi' bân perwakilan politik ghâbây orèng Indonesia. È forum-forum panèka, Emma sanget ngajhâri masalah eksploitasi buruh binè', khusussa praktek buruh paksa bân upah rèndhâ sè èsahaghi sareng kabijakan kolonial. Bâ'na jhughân èkennal mènangka lawan praktek-praktek parkawinan sè èrugiaghi ghâbây bhâbinè'an, khusussa sistem parkawinan sè ta' andi' perlindungan hukum bân sosial ghâbây bhâbinè'an. Keberanianna è dâlem nyaba' masalah bhâbinè'an è agenda politik nasional aghâbây èpon dhâddhi tokoh kunci è dâlem gerakan nasionalis&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yuliana |first=Fatikha |date=2019-03-01 |title=Mengenal Emma Poeradiredja; Kiprah Perjuangan Tokoh Perempuan Tiga Zaman |url=https://mubadalah.id/emma-poeradiredja-kiprah-perjuangan-tokoh-perempuan-tiga-zaman/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Keadilan dan Kesetaraan Gender - Mubadalah |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106112348/https://mubadalah.id/emma-poeradiredja-kiprah-perjuangan-tokoh-perempuan-tiga-zaman/ |archive-date=2026-01-06 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Prestasi sè palèng èkennal èngghi panèka èangghep mènangka anggota binè' sè partama è Dewan Kota Bandung (gemeenteraad), prestasi langka ghâbây bhâbinè' pribumi è bâkto jârèya. dâri posisi panèka, Emma nerrossaghi kabijakan sosial sè èkasennengi bhâbinè'an, na'-kana', bân orèng mèskèn. Bâ'na jhughân aghâdhui peran è Kongres Bhâbinè'an Indonesia sè Katello', sè aghâdhui kontribusi sè cè' bhâghusna kaangghuy makowat gerakan bhâbinè'an nasional bân proses sejarah sè mabâdâhaghi Hari Ibu mènangka simbol perjuangan bhâbinè'an Indonesia.

è lowar politik formal, Emma Poeradiredja aktif terlibat dâlem karya sosial akar rumput. Bâ'na maddek Panti Asuhan Bandung, panti jompo, bân terlibat dâlem bânnya' program pencegahan prostitusi sè ètekankan pendidikan bân kesejahteraan sosial, bânnè hukuman. E bâkto Revolusi Indonesia, khusussa è bâkto kadhâddhiyân Laut Api Bandung, Emma alako langsung mènangka perawat ghâbây Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI), sè nojjhuaghi komitmenna dâ' upaya kamanusiaan è tengnga konflik bersenjata&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yulianti |first=Cicin |title=Kisah Emma Poeradiredja, Srikandi Sumpah Pemuda &amp; Pejuang Pendidikan Asal Bandung |url=https://www.detik.com/edu/edutainment/d-7610161/kisah-emma-poeradiredja-srikandi-sumpah-pemuda-pejuang-pendidikan-asal-bandung |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=detikedu |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bâ'na jhughân mimpin upaya perlindungan buruh, è antarana advokasi ghâbây buruh kereta api, sè ètekanaghi pentingna jaminan sosial bân kondisi kerrèng sè layak.

È dâlem sakabbhina kalakowanna, Emma nganggep pendidikan bhâbinè'an mènangka landhu'an otama dâri kamajuan nasional. Bâ'na aghâdhui konsep bhâbinè'an mènangka &quot;Ebu-ebhu Bangsa,&quot; subjek aktif sè abâgiyâghi peran dâlem membentuk agenda moral, sosial, bân politik masyarakat, bânnè namong tokoh domestik.

Emma Poeradiredja seda tanggal 19 April 1976, edina'aghi warisan se lanjang menangka pamimpin Pasundan Istri (PASI) lebbi ḍâri pa' polo taon. Karyana èbâgi dâ' tello' fase sejarah: periode kolonial Bâlândhâ, pendudukan Jepang, bân era kemerdekaan, kalabân komitmen sè konsisten ghâbây kesetaraan gender, keadilan sosial, bân kasejahteraan rakyat. Bâ'na èkaenga'è mènangka sala sèttong bhâbinè' Sunda bân Indonesia sè berhasil nyambung perjuangan bhâbinè'an kalabân proyek nasional kalabân cara sè holistik bân lestari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dirgantini |first=Siti Rochmah |last2=Qodriani |first2=Siti Hanna |last3=Sundari |first3=Susan |last4=Nuryanti |first4=Ade Yeti |last5=Nugraha |first5=Mulyawan Safwandy |date=2023-06-30 |title=Implementasi Peningkatan Karakter Religius Melalui Program Keassalaman Berdasarkan IASP 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.37758/yvbpze12 |journal=An-Nawa: Jurnal Studi Islam |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=110–119 |doi=10.37758/yvbpze12 |issn=2684-7922}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

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    <title>Ibnu Abi Hatim</title>
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'''Ibn Abi Hatim''' ( {{Lang-ar|ابن أبي حاتم}}  ) panèka ahli hadis sè ampon ngabdhi sabâgiyân bânnya' bâktona ka'angghuy ajhâr hadis Nabi; Ngalakonè parjhâlânan nyarè hadis ([[Bhâsa Arab|Arab]]: رحلة) ka bhân-sabbhân naghârâ è wilajâ [[Islam]], ngalakonè kritik sanad hadis sè èkaollè, bân nolès bânnya' karya penting è bidang hadis; tamaso’ bidang-bidang laèn, akadhi bidang tafsèr, fikih, [[Ushul Fikkih|ushul fikih]] sareng salaènna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=EI1 |date=2022-02-09 |title=Abi Hatim, Abdurrahman Bin |url=https://ensiklopediaislam.id/abi-hatim-abdurrahman-bin/ |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Ensiklopedia Islam |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106054901/https://ensiklopediaislam.id/abi-hatim-abdurrahman-bin/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Karana ''kontribusi'' Ibnu Hatim sè sanget rajâ ḍâ' Islam, khusussa è bidang hadis, sarta ''integritas'' sè tèngghi, olama'-olama' abherri' bânnya' gellar kahormatan, è antarana: ''Al-Imam'' (imam, ''panutan''), ''An-Naqid'' (kritikus), bân salaènna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dien |first=Ad-Dien |title=Tazkiratul Huffaz Imam Az-Zahabi |url=https://www.academia.edu/8469791/Tazkiratul_Huffaz_Imam_Az_Zahabi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riwayât Kaoḍi'ân ==
Nyama aslina Ibnu Hatim panèka Abu Muhammad Abdurrahman bin Muhammad Abi Hatim bin Idris bin Mundzir bin Dawud bin Mihran bin Al-Hanzhali Ar-Razi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Husaeni |first=Uum Umaroh |last2=Musthofa |first2=Rikza |last3=Arifin |first3=Azis |date=2024-12-15 |title=KRITERIA KEABSAHAN SEORANG PERAWI MENURUT SYEKH IBNU ABI HATIM ARRAZY |url=https://jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/relinesia/article/view/2446 |journal=Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia |language=en |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=8–21 |issn=2961-7693 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106062106/https://jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/relinesia/article/view/2446 |archive-date=2026-01-06 |access-date=2026-01-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahèr è Rayy taon 240 H sè kateppa'an kalabân taon 854 M bân sèdhâ taon 327 H kateppa'an kalabân 938 M. Ibnu Hatim rajâ bân akembhâng kalabân rabâdhân lansong ḍâri ramana, Abu Hatim )195 H - 277 H/811 M - 890 M), sè aropa'aghi tokoh rajâ Islam è jhâmanna, otamana ḍâlem bidang hadis Ibnu Hatim èsambhât mènangka hafidh rajâ (bhâsa Arab: الحافظالكبير).

Sa'amponna mamarè kajhiyânna ḍâlem Al-Qur'an, Ibnu Hatim molaè ngalakonè pangompolan hadis ḍâri olama'-olama' sè neptep neng kalahèrranna, Rayy. Akadhi ramana dhibi', Abu Zur'ah bân Warah, tor olama' lowar sè èntar ka ḍaèra kasebbhut.

Èbâkto dhimin, wilajâ Rayy aropa'aghi posat kaèmowan hadis. Salaèn ghânèka, è taon 255 H/868 M otabâ kateppa'an kalabân omorra sè ka-15 taon, Ibnu Hatm alaksana'aghi ibâḍâ hajji sareng ramana, bân sè nerrossaghi kalabân èntar ka Baghdad, Samara, Damaskus, Wasith, bân Kufah ḍâlem rangka ngompolaghi hadis, bân jèpo' aghuru ka Abdullah (213 H - 290/828 H - 903 M), potrana imam Amad bin Hambal, aghuru ḍâ' Abbas bin Muhammad Ad-Duri (200 H - 271 H/816M- 884 M), jhughân aghuru ḍâ' Utsman bin Sa'id Ad-Darimi (200 H - 282 H/816 M - 895 M) bân laènna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Canḍhi Ghunong Wukir</title>
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      <text bytes="3396" sha1="qo24fg6ati2m1np32p4j5drr5q274ix" xml:space="preserve">'''Canḍhi Gunung Wukir''', èkennal jhughân kalabân [[Canḍhi Canggal]], èngghi panèka Canḍhi Hinḍu sè bâḍâ è Kampong Canggal, Dhisa Kaḍiluwih, Kacamaḍhân Salam, [[Kabupatèn Magelang|Kabupaten Magelang]], [[Jhâbâ Tengnga]]. Prasasti Canggal (samangkèn bâḍâ è koleksi Museum Nasional Inḍonesia) Èngghi panèka prasasti sè parlo bân penting è ḍâlem ghâmbhârân sejarah Inḍonesia, karana panèka peninggalan sejarah ḍâ'-aḍâ'en sè bâḍâ taon pambangunanna, Saèngghâ, bisa dhâddhi tandhâ è bâkto è jhâman pamarènta'an Karaja'an Meḍang è wilayah Mataram.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nathasya |first=Marcella Rika |title=Mengenal Candi Gunung Wukir, Tanda Keberhasilan Raja Sanjaya di Magelang |url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-7052308/mengenal-candi-gunung-wukir-tanda-keberhasilan-raja-sanjaya-di-magelang |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=detikjateng |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Bhengkek:Gunung Wukir Canggal Perwara Temple.jpg|jmpl|Sala sèttong ḍâri tello' canḍhi sampingan è aḍâ'na canḍhi otama Ghunong Wukir]]

== Kennengngan ==
Canḍhi Gunung Wukir bâḍâ è attas Bukit Wukir, ghunong kènè' è lao'na Kacamatan Muntilan, Kabupaten Magelang, ta' jhâu (ra-kèra 3 km) ḍâri Jembatan Kali Krasak è jhâlân nasional Semarang-Yogyakarta, sè dhâddhi tandhâ perbâtèsân antara Propinsi Yogyakarta bân Jhâbâ Tengnga.

Canḍhi panèka bâḍâ è attas gunong è ḍâlem ḍaerah ḍataran Keḍu bân koḍhu èlèbâtdhi kalabân ajhâlân soko ra-kèra 300 meter ḍâri ḍusun sè palèng semma'. Lokasina è emma' bân jhâlan se nyambung Kacamaḍhân Salam sareng Kacamaḍan Ngluwar.

Area ḍataran Keḍu èkennal anḍi' bânnya' peninggalan sejarah. è semma'en Canḍhi Ghunong Wukir, peninggalan ḍâri jhâman sè paḍhâ jhughân ètemmo: canḍhi Losari (ètemmo taon 2004) bân Petirtaan Mantingan (ètemmo taon 2019). Ta' abit, è bârâ' lao', Canḍhi Gunungsari bân Canḍhi Ngawen jhughân ètemmo. Kabbhi Canḍhi salaèn Ngawen bâḍâ è ḍâlem Kacamatan Salam Magelang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yuliani |first=Melinda |date=2024-02-27 |title=Candi Gunung Wukir, Situs Kuno yang Terlupakan di Jawa Tengah |url=https://getlost.id/2024/02/27/candi-gunung-wukir-situs-kuno-yang-terlupakan-di-jawa-tengah/ |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Where Your Journey Begins |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307093905/https://getlost.id/2024/02/27/candi-gunung-wukir-situs-kuno-yang-terlupakan-di-jawa-tengah/ |archive-date=2026-03-07 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Canḍhi panèka candhi sè palèng towa sè bisa èsambhung kalabân catetdhân sejarah. aḍhâsar prasasti Canggal sè èpangghi'i è taon 1879 è rontowan canḍhi Ghunong Wukir, èkaparcajâ èbangun è jhâman pamarenta'an Rato Sanjaya Karaja'an Mataram Kona, è taon 732 Masèhi (654 Saka). Prasasti panèka aghânḍhu' informasi sè bânnya' sè bâḍâ hubungânna bân Karaja'an Meḍang, otabâ Mataram Hinḍu. aḍhâsar prasasti panèka, Canḍhi Ghunong Wukir èkaparcajâ anḍi' nyama Shiwalingga è Kunjarakunja. Nyama &quot;Ghunong Wukir&quot; dhibi' èkala' ḍâri nyamana ghumo' sè bâḍâ è tempat ka'ḍissa'; Oca' &quot;wukir&quot; è bhâsa Jhâbâ  èmaksoḍ kalabân ghunong otabâ ghumo' (bukit), dhâddhi nyamana panèka saongghuna ta' parlo.

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    <title>Abdul Manan Wijaya</title>
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Brigadir Jènderal TNI (Purn.) K. H. Abdul Manan Wijaya (15 Maret 1914 – ?) panèka sèttong perwira tèngghi militèr sarta ulama' ḍâri Inḍonèsia. Panjhânnângèpon ajhâbhât mènangka Sèkrètaris Jhènderal Departemèn Aghâma ḍâri taon 1958 kantos 1968.

== Bhekto kènè’ bân paḍhiḍhighân ==
Abdul èlahèraghi kalabân nyama aslina Rumpoko&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pahlawan Abdul Manan Wijaya Hidup Kembali di Stadion Kanjuruhan Kepanjen - Malang Times |url=https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/20247/20170817/144446/pahlawan-abdul-manan-wijaya-hidup-kembali-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-kepanjen |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Jatim TIMES |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121110357/https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/20247/20170817/144446/pahlawan-abdul-manan-wijaya-hidup-kembali-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-kepanjen |archive-date=2023-01-21 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; è tangghâl 15 Maret 1914 è Malang, Jhâbâ Tèmor,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Agama |first=Indonesia Departemen |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=gAWgAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA22 |title=Persnan Departemen Agama dalam revolusi dan pembangunan bangsa: untuk menjambut ulang tahun ke 20 Departemen Agama, 3. Djanuari 1966. [Penjelenggara Biro Penerbitan &amp; Perpustakaan Agama |date=1965 |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; dâri sèttong kalowarga suku Madhurâ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=h0u5AAAAIAAJ |title=Who's who in Indonesian Military |date=1977 |publisher=Sritua Arief Associates |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Editors |first=The |date=1966-10 |title=Continuity and Change: Four Indonesian Cabinets since October 1, 1965, with Scattered Data on Their Members' Organizational and Ethnic Affiliations, Age and Place of Birth |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/53399 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417224121/https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/53399 |archive-date=2023-04-17 |access-date=2026-01-05 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ramana alako mènangka mandhor lorong è Malang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pahlawan Abdul Manan Wijaya Hidup Kembali di Stadion Kanjuruhan Kepanjen - Malang Times |url=https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/20247/20170817/144446/pahlawan-abdul-manan-wijaya-hidup-kembali-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-kepanjen |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Jatim TIMES |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121110357/https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/20247/20170817/144446/pahlawan-abdul-manan-wijaya-hidup-kembali-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-kepanjen |archive-date=2023-01-21 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abdul molaè paḍhiḍhighânna è sakola dhâsar è Malang. Sâmarèna lolos ḍâri sakola ḍhâsar, Abdul nerrosaghi paḍhiḍhighân agâma è Pondok Pesantrèn Tebuireng, Jombang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brigjen Abdul Manan Wijaya, Pengatur Strategi Perang dari Malang - Berita Malang Raya {{!}} WEAREMANIA |url=https://www.wearemania.net/ngalam/brigjen-abdul-manan-wijaya-pengatur-strategi-perang-dari-malang/5949 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121110358/https://www.wearemania.net/ngalam/brigjen-abdul-manan-wijaya-pengatur-strategi-perang-dari-malang/5949 |archive-date=2023-01-21 |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=www.wearemania.net |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Abdul nammataghi paḍhiḍhighân aghâmana è Pondok Pesantrèn Tebuireng pan-berâmpan taon, pas nerossaghi ḍâ’ sakola paḍhiḍhighân ghuru ḍâlem pan-berâmpan taon. Panjhânnângèpon pas molaè karèrra mènangka ghuru è sakola dâlem bhekto sè abit. Kalabân ''bekal'' paḍhiḍhighân agâmana, Abdul pas èkaonèngè mènangka kyaè è antârana masyarakat. Panjhânnângèpon kèya alaksana’aghi ibâdhâ sâmarèna ghânnika.

== Sombher ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chris Evans</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>67217</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-26T19:53:44Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="6868" sha1="qa0e5jollnu3tw7hzhi42m49cnyoidt" xml:space="preserve">'''Christopher Robert &quot;Chris&quot; Evans''' ({{lahirmati|[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|13|6|1981}}) iyâ areya aktor Amèrika. Èkennal polana peranna mènangka Captain America ḍâlem Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Evans amolanè karierra kalabân peran ḍâlem serial televisi, akadhi è ''Opposite Sex'' è taon 2000. Atoro' ḍâ' penampilan è pan-bârâmpan film remaja taon 2001 an ''Not Another Tèn Movie'', alèrana ngaollè perhatian polana peranna mènangka Marvel Comics character Human Torch è taon 2005 an ''Fantastic Four'', bân sekuella ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' (2007). Evans aghâbây penampilanna lebbi lanjut ḍâlem film adaptasi ḍâri Comic books bân Novel grafik: ''TMNT'' (2007), ''Scott Pilgrim vs. the World'' (2010), bân ''Snowpiercer'' (2013).

== Kehidupan awal ==
Christopher Robert Evans&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Média |first=Prisma |title=Chris Evans - La biographie de Chris Evans avec Gala.fr |url=https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/chris_evans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315021058/https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/chris_evans |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Gala.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; lahèr tanghâl 13 Junè 1981,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Today in History - June 13 {{!}}                 World news {{!}}         The Guardian |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8556516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226215444/http://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8556516 |archive-date=2013-12-26 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.theguardian.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; è Boston Boston, Massachusetts,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2011-07-08 |title=Star-Spangled and Searching His Own Psyche (Published 2011) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/10/movies/chris-evans-in-captain-america-the-first-avenger.html |access-date=2026-01-13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân èrabât è kotthana Sudbury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WebCite query result |url=http://www.bostonmagazine.com/arts_entertainment/articles/americas_most_wanted_chris_evans_is_captain_america/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.webcitation.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905082506/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/arts_entertainment/articles/americas_most_wanted_chris_evans_is_captain_america/ |archive-date=2011-09-05 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Èbhuna, Lisa (née Capuano) iyâ arèya direktur artistik è Concord Youth Theatre,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chris Evans doesn’t forget his Concord roots - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/regionals/west/2014/03/09/movie-superhero-chris-evans-doesn-forget-his-roots-concord-youth-theatre/rJ6PF3IYYmZZs9AbASfczO/story.html |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân ramana, Bob, aropa'aghi dokter ghighi. Orèng towana ella acerai è taon 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-15 |title=Chris Evans Has No Interest in Walking on Eggshells |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a53656/chris-evans-fights-back/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Esquire |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmografi ==

=== Film ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Taon
!Bhul-ombhul
!Peran
!Cateddhân
|-
!1997
|''Biodiversity: Wild About Life!''
|Rick
|Film pendidikan
|-
!2000
|{{sort|Newcomers|''The Newcomers''}}
|Judd
|
|-
!2001
|''Not Another Teen Movie''
|{{sort|Wyler|Jake Wyler}}
|
|-
!2003
|''Paper Boy''
|Ben
|Film panḍâ'
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2004
|{{sort|Perfect Score|''[[The Perfect Score]]''}}
|Kyle
|
|-
|{{sort|Orphan King|''The Orphan King''}}
|Seth
|Ghi' ta' èrilis
|-
|''Cellular''
|Ryan
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''Fierce People''
|Bryce
|
|-
|''London''
|Syd
|
|-
|''Fantastic Four''
|{{sort|Storm|[[Human Torch|Johnny Storm / Human Torch]]}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2007
|''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer''
|{{sort|Storm|Johnny Storm / Human Torch}}
|
|-
|''TMNT''
|{{sort|Jones|[[Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Casey Jones]]}}
|Peran sowara
|-
|''Sunshine''
|{{sort|Mace|James Mace}}
|
|-
|{{sort|Nanny Diaries|''[[The Nanny Diaries (film)|The Nanny Diaries]]''}}
|{{sort|Harvard|&quot;Harvard Hottie&quot;}} / Hayden
|
|-
|''Battle for Terra''
|{{sort|Stanton|Stewart Stanton}}
|Peran sowara
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Street Kings''
|{{sort|Diskrant|Paul Diskant}}
|
|-
|{{sort|Loss of a Teardrop Diamond|''[[The Loss of a Teardrop Diamond]]''}}
|{{sort|Dobyne|Jimmy Dobyne}}
|
|-
!2009
|''Push''
|{{sort|Gant|Nick Gant}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
|{{sort|Losers|''[[The Losers (film)|The Losers]]''}}
|Jensen
|
|-
|''Scott Pilgrim vs. the World''
|{{sort|Lee|Lucas Lee}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Puncture''
|{{sort|Weiss|[[Michael David Weiss|Mike Weiss]]}}
|
|-
|''What's Your Number?''
|{{sort|Shea|Colin Shea}}
|
|-
|''Captain America: The First Avenger''
|{{sort|Rogers|[[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve Rogers]] / [[Captain America]]}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
|{{sort|Avengers|''[[The Avengers (film 2012)|The Avengers]]''}}
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
|{{sort|Iceman|''[[The Iceman (film)|The Iceman]]''}}
|{{sort|Pronge|Robert Pronge}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''Snowpiercer''
|{{sort|Everett|Curtis Everett}}
|
|-
|''Thor: The Dark World''
|Loki as Captain America
|Kameo ta' èkreditdâghi
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
|''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
|''Before We Go''
|{{sort|Vaughan|Nick Vaughan}}
|Also director and producer
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|''Playing It Cool''
|Me
|Jhughân produser eksekutif
|-
|''Avengers: Age of Ultron''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
|''Ant-Man''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|Kameo ta' èkreditdâghi; adegan pasca-kredit
|-
!2016
|''Captain America: Civil War''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Gifted''
|{{sort|Adler|Frank Adler}}
|
|-
|''Spider-Man: Homecoming''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|Kameo
|-
!2018
|''Avengers: Infinity War''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2019
|''Captain Marvel''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|Kameo ta' èkreditdâghi; adegan mid-credit
|-
|''Avengers: Endgame''
|{{sort|Rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America}}
|
|-
|''Superpower Dogs''
|Narrator
|Dokumenter
|-
|{{sort|Red Sea Diving Resort|''[[The Red Sea Diving Resort]]''}}
|{{sort|Levinson|Ari Levinson}}
|
|-
|''Knives Out''
|{{sort|Drysdale|Hugh &quot;Ransom&quot; Drysdale}}
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Free Guy''
|Himself
|Kameo
|-
|''Don't Look Up''
|{{sort|Peters|Devin Peters}}
|Kameo ta' èkreditdâghi
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022
|''Lightyear''
|Buzz Lightyear
|Peran sowara
|-
|''The Gray Man''
|{{sort|Hansen|Lloyd Hansen}}
|Pasca produksi
|-
!2024
|''Deadpool &amp; Wolverine''
|{{sort|Storm|Johnny Storm / Human Torch}}
|
|}

== Sombher ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qa0e5jollnu3tw7hzhi42m49cnyoidt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Debra Winger</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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'''Debra Winger''' ({{lahirmati|Cleveland Heights|16|5|1955}}) iyâ arèya aktris asal Amèrika Serikat sè mennang Academy âward. Salèrana amolaè karierra è dhunnya filem molaè taon 1976. Salèrana abintangè filem ''An Officer and a Gentleman'' (1982), ''Terms of Endearment'' (1983), dan ''Shadowlands'' (1993), sè bâng-sèbângnga aberri'âghi ka jârèya nominasi Academy Award ka'angghuy Aktris Palèng Bhâghus. Winger mennang National Society of Film Critics Award ka'angghuy Aktris Palèng Bhâghus ka'angghuy ''Terms of Endearment'', bân Tokyo International Film Festival Award ka'angghuy Aktris Palèng Bhâghus ka'angghuyk ''A Dangerous Woman'' (1993).
== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ==
lahèr tangghâl 16 Mèi 1955&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Cooke |first=Rachel |date=2008-12-28 |title=The interview: Debra Winger |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/dec/28/1 |access-date=2026-01-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mike Rose |first=cleveland com |date=2025-05-16 |title=Famous birthdays list for today, May 16, 2025 includes celebrities Janet Jackson, Pierce Brosnan |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2025/05/famous-birthdays-list-for-today-may-16-2025-includes-celebrities-janet-jackson-pierce-brosnan.html |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; è Cleveland Heights, Ohio, ḍâlem kalowarga Yahudi, ḍâri Robert Winger, orèng sè abâḍḍhâi dhâghing, bân Ruth (nè Felder), manajer kantor. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1994-01-09 |title=FILM; Debra Winger: Caught on a Winter Afternoon (Published 1994) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/09/movies/film-debra-winger-caught-on-a-winter-afternoon.html |access-date=2026-01-17 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jewish Journal |url=https://jewishjournal.com/arts/article/big_bad_debra_20020308/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Jewish Journal |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125044109/https://jewishjournal.com/arts/article/big_bad_debra_20020308/ |archive-date=2025-01-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmografi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Taon
!Bhul-ombhul
!Peran
!Cateddhân
|-
|1976
|''Slumber Party '57''
|Debbie
|
|-
|1976–77
|''Wonder Woman''
|Drusilla (Wonder Girl)
|(3 episodes)
|-
|1978
|''Police Woman''
|Phyllis Baxter
|Episode: ''Battered Teachers''
|-
|1978
|''Thank God It's Friday''
|Jennifer
|
|-
|1979
|''French Postcards''
|Melanie
|
|-
|1979
|''The Warriors''
|Uncredited
|
|-
|1980
|''Urban Cowboy''
|Sissy
|Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated — National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress
|-
|1982
|''Cannery Row''
|Suzy DeSoto
|
|-
|1982
|''An Officer and a Gentleman''
|Paula Pokrifki
|Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
|-
|1983
|''Terms of Endearment''
|Emma Horton
|National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Nominated — New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
|-
|1984
|''Mike's Murder''
|Betty Parrish
|
|-
|1986
|''Legal Eagles''
|Laura J. Kelly
|
|-
|1987
|''Black Widow''
|Alexandra 'Alex' Barnes
|
|-
|1987
|''Made in Heaven''
|Emmett Humbird
|(credited as &quot;Emmett&quot; himself)
|-
|1988
|''Betrayed''
|Catherine Weaver
|
|-
|1990
|''Everybody Wins''
|Angela Crispini
|
|-
|1990
|''The Sheltering Sky''
|Kit Moresby
|Nominated — National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress
|-
|1992
|''Leap of Faith''
|Jane Larson
|
|-
|1993
|''Wilder Napalm''
|Vida Foudroyant
|
|-
|1993
|''Shadowlands''
|Joy Gresham
|Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress
Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated — Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress
|-
|1993
|''A Dangerous Woman''
|Martha Horgan
|Tokyo International Film Festival Award for Best Actress
Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama Nominated — Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress
|-
|1995
|''Forget Paris''
|Ellen Andrews Gordon
|
|-
|2001
|''Big Bad Love''
|Marilyn
|
|-
|2003
|''Radio''
|Linda
|
|-
|2004
|''Eulogy''
|Alice Collins
|
|-
|2005
|''Sometimes in April''
|Prudence Bushnell
|
|-
|2005
|''Dawn Anna''
|Dawn Anna Townsend
|Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie
|-
|2008
|''Rachel Getting Married''
|Abby
|Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast
Nominated — Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Cast Nominated — Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female Nominated — New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress &lt;small&gt;(Shared with co-star Rosemarie DeWitt)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|2010
|''Law &amp; Order''
|Mrs. Woodside
|Episode: &quot;Boy on Fire&quot;
|-
|2010
|''In Treatment''
|Frances
|7 episodes
|-
|2012
|''Lola Versus''
|Robin
|
|-
|2015
|''Boychoir''
|
|Filming
|}

== Sombher ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sj8h5ceddktw2rengcv1tw555ouuixq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nadia Ferreira</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6178" sha1="famt493w2bkmy3uwx46ce0b2m5is92u" xml:space="preserve">[[Bhengkek:Nadia Ferreira 2021 01.jpg|jmpl|Nadia Ferreira]]
'''Nadia Tamara Ferreira''' (lahèr 10 Mei 1999) panèka modèl bân rato kacantighân [[Paraguay]]. Ferreira ènobataghi mènangka [[:en:Miss Paraguay|Miss Universe Paraguay 2021]] bân mâkkèllè [[Paraguay]] è lomba Miss Universe 2021 è Eilat, [[Israel]], è dimma Ferreira bâḍâ è posisi ''1st runner-up''. Ferreira sabellunna ènobataghi mènangka Miss Teen Universe Paraguay 2015, bân èpadhâddhi ''3rd Runner-up'' è [[:en:Miss Teen Universe 2015|Miss Teen Universe 2015]].

Menangka model fesyen, Ferreira pertama kalè ollè pangakowan è taon 2018, saamponna èpèlè kaangghuy tampil è acara F/W 2018 ghâbây [[:en:Custo Barcelona|Custo Barcelona]] è New York Fashion Week. molaè jârèya, Ferreira ampon muncul è ''Harper's Bazaar'', ''Cosmopolitan'', ''L'Officiel'', bân ''[[:en:Robb Report|Robb Report Singapore]].''

== Parjhâlânan Karir ==

=== Dhâddhi Modèl ===
Ferreira amolaè debutna è iklan Patrol Jeans bân kampanye iklan laènna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PATROL JEANS |url=https://vimeo.com/95882113 |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Vimeo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

È sèttong pamèran busana Asuncion, kalambhi sutrana ghâgghâr bân dâdâna è katèla', hal kasebbhut sè narèk peratèyan mèdia. Ferreira ngoca' jhâ' ta' profèsional ka'angghuy mabecce' kalambina sambi ajhâlân, dhâddhi Ferreira ngalanjutaghi  ajhâlân bân posturra. Kleb penggemarra mojhi lalakonna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-09 |title=Nadia Ferreira hizo topless accidentalmente |url=https://latribuna-cronica-prod.web.arc-cdn.net/2018/05/09/nadia-ferreira-topless-accidentalmente/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Crónica |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429100039/https://latribuna-cronica-prod.web.arc-cdn.net/2018/05/09/nadia-ferreira-topless-accidentalmente/ |archive-date=2026-04-29 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ferreira ajhâlân è ''runway'' ḍâlem bânya' kasempadhân, tamaso' è New York Fashion Week, nyèptaaghi kaghemparan è mèdia lokal bân internasional ḍâri pendukung bân kritikus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-11 |title=Nadia Ferreira en la semana de la moda en NY, un sueño hecho realidad |url=https://www.starmedia.com/mujer/nadia-ferreira-en-la-semana-de-la-moda-en-ny/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=StarMedia |language=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ferreira jhugân tampil è peragaan busana è Milan, Santiago, Paris, Brasil, [[Uruguay]] dan [[Paraguay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biografia |url=https://nadiatferreira.com/biografia/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=NADIA FERREIRA |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

È taon 2018, Ferreira atandatanganè kontrak sareng agènsi modèl [[:en:Wilhelmina Models|Wilhelmina]], sè èkennal kalabân modèl akadhi [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Demi Lovato]] bân [[Nick Jonas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=Nadia Ferreira firmó contrato con una reconocida agencia de modelos de New York |url=http://www.epa.com.py/2018/09/24/nadia-ferreira-firmo-contrato-con-una-reconocida-agencia-de-modelos-de-new-york/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Epa.com.py |language=es-ES |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216195610/http://www.epa.com.py/2018/09/24/nadia-ferreira-firmo-contrato-con-una-reconocida-agencia-de-modelos-de-new-york/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ferreira tampil è ''Gettyimages editorial photography''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=734 Nadia Ferreira Photos &amp; High Res Pictures - Getty Images |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/nadia-ferreira?family=editorial&amp;sort=best |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.gettyimages.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

È bulân Maret 2019, Ferreira makalowar foto anyar è akun Instagram-na sè ngomomaghi jhâ' Ferreira ampon èpèlè ka'angghuy tampil è Cosmo Fashion Night è Mexico City. È ḍâlem foto kasebbhut, Ferreira èkatèla' ajhâlân semma' sareng musisi [[:en:mariachi|mariachi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=#cosmopolitanmx Instagram world photos and videos |url=https://www.galleryofsocial.com/hashtag/cosmopolitanmx |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=galleryofsocial.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814064609/https://www.galleryofsocial.com/hashtag/cosmopolitanmx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

È Tangghâl 9 Sèptèmber 2021, Ferreira tapalècco' sapatu hak tèngghi bân para' labuwâh è bâkto pamèran busana [[:en:Custo Barcelona|''Custo Barcelona'']] ''Musim Spring/Summer 2022'', sè èlaksana'aghi mènangka bagiyân ḍâri New York Fashion Week.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Sebastian |date=2021-09-10 |title=El resbalón de Nadia Ferreira en el &quot;NY Fashion Week&quot; |url=https://teleshow.paraguay.com/el-resbalon-de-nadia-ferreira-en-el-ny-fashion-week.html |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Teleshow |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadhâddhiyân panèka èberita'aghi secara lowas è mèdia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-09-12 |title=Nadia Ferreira’s slip up at New York Fashion Week went viral |url=https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/celebrities/114562.html |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=News in 24 Lifestyle English |language=en-us |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127095424/https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/celebrities/114562.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-09-12 |title=Nadia Ferreira’s slip up at New York Fashion Week went viral |url=https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/celebrities/114562.html |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=News in 24 Lifestyle English |language=en-us |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127095424/https://news.in-24.com/lifestyle/celebrities/114562.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; bân pan-bârâmpan komentator atanya apakah Ferreira alokaè abâ'na dhibi', sè aghâbây Ferreira resmi nyata'aghi jhâ' Ferreira coma andi' gorèsân sè ḍâlem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=- PaloRubin.com |url=http://www.palorubin.com/noticias.php?id2=147290 |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.palorubin.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127095439/http://www.palorubin.com/noticias.php?id2=147290 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sombher ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kocèng Ra'as</title>
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    <id>19413</id>
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      <id>67233</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-27T11:00:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alfiyah Rizzy Afdiquni</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>diacritic fixing</comment>
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      <text bytes="10547" sha1="nhbd80xb00zfni0wy7dv25g258qeaxj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cat breed
 |name         = Raas cat
 |image        = Busok Tonduk.jpg
 |imagecaption =Solid blue adult 
 |altname      = Madura cat
 |nickname     = Busok cat (blue),&lt;br /&gt;Amethyst cat (chocolate),&lt;br /&gt;Busok-Raas, (Kucing) Buso
 |country      = {{INA}}
 |stock=population on [[Madura]] and [[Raas Island]]
 |notrecognised=true
 |landrace=landrace
 |otherstd     =
[https://sites.google.com/view/busokloversnusantara/standard-breed IBRA]&lt;br&gt;
[https://fffcat.com/upfiles/202409/05/1725523935_59o.pdf FFF] 
 }}

[[Berkas:Busok cats.jpg|jmpl|Kucing Busok Râs variasi Blue]]
[[Berkas:Blue mink Raas Busok cat.jpg|jmpl|Kucing Busok Râs variasi Lilac Mink]]
[[Berkas:Busok Hitam.png|al=Kucing Busok Black|jmpl|Kucing Busok Râs variasi Black]]
[[Berkas:Black sepia Raas cat.jpg|jmpl|Kucing Busok Râs Variasi Chocolate]]
'''Kocèng Busok Ra'as''' (èkennal kalabân '''Kocèng''' Madhurâ) aropa'aghi [[Ras Kocèng|ras]] [[kocèng|kocèng èndemik]] sè asalla ḍâri Polo Ra'as è [[Inḍonèsia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ras Kucing Asli Indonesia |url=http://kucingkita.com/ras-kucing/ras-kucing-asli-indonesia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414092856/http://kucingkita.com/ras-kucing/ras-kucing-asli-indonesia |archive-date=2016-04-14 |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=KucingKita.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-02-19 |title=Mengenal Kucing Busok: Kucing Asli Pulau Raas |url=https://portalmadura.com/mengenal-kucing-busok-kucing-asli-pulau-raas/6682/ |access-date=2026-06-21 |work=PortalMadura.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daya Tarik Warna Buso pada Kucing Madura |url=http://www.meongers.com/1/post/2013/10/daya-tarik-warna-buso-pada-kucing-madura.html |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=Meongers |language=en |archive-date=2014-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516101319/http://www.meongers.com/1/post/2013/10/daya-tarik-warna-buso-pada-kucing-madura.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=MEMBURU KUCING MADURA! |url=http://www.lppm.ipb.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=541:memburu-kucing-madura-&amp;catid=38:warta-iptek&amp;Itemid=50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412063210/http://www.lppm.ipb.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=541:memburu-kucing-madura-&amp;catid=38:warta-iptek&amp;Itemid=50 |archive-date=2016-04-12 |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=www.lppm.ipb.ac.id |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Busok Ra'as aropa'aghi ras kocèng murni taḍâ' camporan gèn ḍâri ras kocèng laènna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Kocèng rèya tamaso' kocèng sè rang-rang bâḍâ bân anḍi' variasi gènètika sè tèngghi. per taon 2016, ra-kèra Kocèng Busok Ra'as kalabân gen sè sokkla coma korang ḍâri 100 bigghi'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=BREEDS ORIGINATING FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA |url=http://messybeast.com/southeastasian-breeds.htm |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=messybeast.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kocèng Busok Ra'as satèya bâḍâ 4 variasi bârna iyâ arèya bhiru/bu-abu, ''black''/celleng, ''chocolate''/sokklat, bân ''lilac'' kalabân ciri khassa bunto' sè panḍâ' bân bilu'. Kocèng Busok satèya anḍi' ''wadah'' sè anyama IBRA (Indonesian Busok Ra'as Asosiation) sè èpaddhek bi' I Putu Aditya Perdana, Hany Kolopaking, Dionisius Suharmin, bân Dr. Vimala Dewi Lukito.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Bâḍâna kocèng rèya coma kadhâddhiyân è Polo Ra'as. Kocèng Busok Ra'as cè' èkaèmanè pas èjâgâ bi' rèng-orèng è Polo Ra'as,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; saèngghâ alarang ras kocèng rèya ngallè ka lowar polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=#nationalcatday, Perjuangkan Kucing Busok Madura |url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2014/10/30/nationalcatday-perjuangkan-kucing-busok-madura |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=Surya.co.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biyasana coma kocèng Busok Ra'as sè la è [[Pajhubenga kèbân|kabhiri]] sè ollè è ghibâ ngallè ka lowar polo ma'lè kamurniyanna Busok Ra'as teptep kajâgâ. Kalahèranna ana'na kocèng Busok Ra'as kalabân bârna bhiru pastè è tos-nantos bân rèng-orèng Polo Ra'as. [[Buḍu’ân kocèng|Buḍu'ân kocèng]] jârèyâ ḍâgghi' bhâkal èberri' ka rèng-orèng tartanto ghâbây hadiyâ, akadhiyâ sè senneng ka kocèng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sajharâ ==
Busok Ra'as aropa'aghi kocèng sè awwâl molana ta' èkataowè asal-osolla. Coma ra-kèra kocèng rèya bâḍâ sacara alami.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mètorot orèng Polo Ra'as anyata'aghi kocèng Busok Ra'as acèpta ḍâri hasèl kabinanna kocèng Pitua (atanḍu') kalabân kocèng ḍomèstik polo Ra'as. Salaèn ḍâri jârèya kocèng busok Ra'as èparcajâ jhâ' asalla ḍâri ras Asia karana ropa bunto'na sè bilu' è bâgiyân konco'na.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Bânnya' rèng-orèng sè terro tao onèng kocèng busok akadhi kalompo' sè senneng ka kocèng è Inḍonèsia. Kalompo' kocèng jârèya terro kabâḍâ'ân kocèng Busok pagghun terros bâḍâ bân kocèng jârèya bisa èyakowè è dhunnya Internasional. Sabâgiyân kocèng Busok Ra'as perna kèya èghibâ ka lowar Polo Ra'as ka'angghuy pangembangan, saènggha pan-bârampan kocèng Busok Ra'as bisa è emmowè è [[Bhâli]], [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jâkarta]], [[Songennep]],  [[Kottha Banḍung|Bandung]], Bogor,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berlian |first=Daurina Lestari, Isra |date=2017-12-05 |title=Sumenep Gelar 39 Agenda Wisata di 2018, Catat Tanggalnya |url=https://www.viva.co.id/gaya-hidup/travel/984573-sumenep-gelar-39-agenda-wisata-di-2018-catat-tanggalnya |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=www.viva.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân è [[Kottha Semarang|Semarang]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ini Dia Kucing Busok Khas Pulau Raas Indonesia, Mata Tajam dan Berwibawa |url=https://jateng.tribunnews.com/2017/08/22/ini-dia-kucing-busok-khas-pulau-raas-indonesia-mata-tajam-dan-berwibawa |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Tribunjateng.com |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Busok Ra'as anḍi' karakteristik fisik sè para' paḍâ'â bân macan toltol bân kocèng hutan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Busok Ra'as aropa'aghi kocèng sè tampilanna anggun&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; bân okoranna seḍḍheng kalabân okoran sè lebbi rajâ ḍâri okoranna ras kocèng biyasana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mowa kocèng rèya abhângon masaghi tello' bân sakonè' masaghi kalabân cangkèm sè lancèp sakonè'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Kopèngnga manjheng ka aḍâ',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dehandoko |first=SYAHRUL SYAIFUDIN ANSYARI |date=2015-05-29 |title=Raas, Kucing Para Bangsawan dan Ulama Madura |url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/631523-raas-kucing-para-bangsawan-dan-ulama-madura |access-date=2026-08-03 |website=www.viva.co.id |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; lanjhâng bân akonco'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kocèng rèya anḍi' bunto' sè lanjhâng kalabân sabâgiyân bâgiyanna sè bilu'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-08-28 |title=Raas, Kucing Asli Indonesia Dari Madura - Meowmagz |url=http://meowmagz.com/2015/08/raas-kucing-asli-indonesia-dari-madura/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |work=Meowmagz |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629143743/http://meowmagz.com/2015/08/raas-kucing-asli-indonesia-dari-madura/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Busok Ra'as andi' bârna mata sè bhiru towa bân biyasana abârna bhiru mon kocèng sè abârna soklat towa&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; kalabân bhângon oval bân matana ta' cè' lèbârrâ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Busok Ra'as anḍi' bulu sè pènḍâ' tor alos bân lembu'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Busok Ra'as hadir ḍâlem pola solid,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; duwâ' bârna,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-08-17 |title=Kucing Raas, Kucing Busok dan Kucing Kecubung |url=http://kucingraas.co.id/kucing-raas-kucing-busok-dan-kucing-kecubung/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030161239/http://kucingraas.co.id/kucing-raas-kucing-busok-dan-kucing-kecubung/ |archive-date=2016-10-30 |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=kucingraas.co.id |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; bân tètè' bârna,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; kalabân bârna bhiru (bu-abu) bân kaju manès (sokklat towa).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bârna blue bisa hadir ḍâlem pola solid otabâ duwâ' bârna kalabân bulu bârna blue sè bâḍâ è sabâgiyân bâdhânna bân bârna potè sè bâḍâ è bâgiyân ḍâḍâ bân tabu'na kalabân bâtes sè ta' jellas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; dhinèng bârna kaju manès bisa hadir ḍâlem pola solid otabâ tètè' bârna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kocèng bârna blue èkennal kalabân nyama '''kocèng busok''', dhinèng sè bârna kaju manès èsebhut kalabân nyama '''kocèng kacobhung'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Kocèng kacobhung panèka jenis sè palèng rangrang po'dul bân maso' bârna resesif.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tapè seiring perkembangana bâkto po'dul variasi anyar èngghi bârna '''Black''' bân '''Lilac'''.

== Kepribadian ==
Kocèng Busok Ra'as è alam liarra iyâ arèya kocèng sè tako' kalabân manossa, saèngghâ kocèng jârèya sè malarat ka'angghuy aadaptasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Kocèng Busok Ra'as anḍi' karakter sè lebbi ajhir kalowarga sa'amponna bâḍâna penangkaran bân pemurnian sampè' ḍâpa' generasi ka-4 (F4). Kocèng rèya cè' ngarghâna ḍâ' ka sè arabât bân korang bisa narèma kahadirana orèng laèn salaèn sè arabât. Tapè, mon la terbiasa ḍâ' lingkunganna, kocèng rèya cè' ghâmpangnga aadaptasi tor cè'  akancana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=hewanee.com |url=https://hewanee.com/kucing-busok/ |access-date=2026-08-02 |website=hewanee.com |archive-date=2023-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929090708/https://hewanee.com/kucing-busok/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Karaktera sè neng-enneng, lebbi ngoca' jhâ' kocèng rèya toḍusân bân ngastètè, tapè seiring bâkto, kocèng rèya bhâkal dhâddhi kanca. Bânnya’ sè ahèrra dâddhi kocèng ma-roma sè cè' manjâna.

Bâkto sapih buḍu'na ètanḍhâi kalabân cè' jellassa, bân è omor 3 bulân bâkal èkalako sampe' buḍu'na bisa anḍi' ana' maksimal 1 taon 3 kalè. Tapè, ḍâlem situasi tartanto, lebbi bhâghus èpakabin bilâ kondisi bâdhânna la abâli polè, tampa' anḍi' dhâghing bân lempo. Tojjhuwânna marè mon nganḍung polè buḍu'na' bân korbina ḍâlem kondisi prima.

== Sombher ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Bhângsa:Kèbân]]
[[Bhângsa:Ras kocèng langka]]
[[Bhângsa:Ras kocèng sè asalla ḍâri inḍonèsia]]
[[Bhângsa:Ras kocèng domestik]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Transcontinèntal Air Transport</title>
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      <id>67218</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-26T22:51:05Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1743" sha1="9fs5p558w0x9s1vnms80aefp7wxxb95" xml:space="preserve">Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T) panèka maskapai Amerika Serikat sè èpaddek è taon 1928 sareng Clement Melville Keys; èpadhâddhi sèttong sareng Western Air Express è taon 1930 kaangghuy abhânto TWA. è tanggal 7 Juli 1929, maskapai penerbangan panèka molaè penerbangan trans-benua sè partama.

Maskapai penerbangan ghâpanèka ngoperasiaghi pesawat Ford Trimotor.

È taon 1929, maskapai panèka agabung sareng Maddux Air Lines.

È taon 1930, maskapai panèka agabung sareng Wèstern Air Express.

== Pranala Loar ==
* [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1975/1/1975_1_22.shtml American Heritage article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122737/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1975/1/1975_1_22.shtml |date=2007-09-29 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011122845/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/companies/twa.html PBS Chasing Sun profile]
* [http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/keys/keys_sec_3.html Biography of Clement Melville Keys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706075518/https://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/keys/keys_sec_3.html |date=2007-07-06 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822120230/http://alphabetilately.com/TandP.html Alphabetilately profile]
* [http://earthfriendarts.tripod.com/coastprint.html Poster for the train-plane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704172747/http://earthfriendarts.tripod.com/coastprint.html |date=2008-07-04 }}
* [http://64.23.108.11/Museum/Ephemera/PRR_TAT_1929.html Paperweight commemoration]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/tat.htm Timetables]
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      <comment>←Membuat halaman berisi 'Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (Adji Mohamad Alimoedin) iyâ arèya Sultan Kutai Kertanaghârâ periode 1900–1910. Dhibi'na aropa'aghi potra sè wa' tuwa'an ḍari Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman bân Adji Rubia gellar Adji Rato Aghung. Nyama kènnè'en iyâ arèya Adji Dabo’ alias Adji Misbah.'</comment>
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      <text bytes="288" sha1="1np3ap7ks6eotpppe060o3zu1zzyes1" xml:space="preserve">Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (Adji Mohamad Alimoedin) iyâ arèya Sultan Kutai Kertanaghârâ periode 1900–1910. Dhibi'na aropa'aghi potra sè wa' tuwa'an ḍari Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman bân Adji Rubia gellar Adji Rato Aghung. Nyama kènnè'en iyâ arèya Adji Dabo’ alias Adji Misbah.</text>
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      <text bytes="1865" sha1="hogp8bb8pml2uihbxgu6zpfoyc6qc4b" xml:space="preserve">'''Aji Muhammad Alimuddin''' (Adji Mohamad Alimoedin) iyâ arèya Sultan Kutai Kertanaghârâ periode 1900–1910. Dhibi'na aropa'aghi potra sè wa' tuwa'an ḍari Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman bân Adji Rubia gellar Adji Rato Aghung. Nyama kènnè'en iyâ arèya Adji Dabo’ alias Adji Misbah.

== Kalowarghâ ==
'''Rato Permaisuri'''

* Adji Ratu Limah gellar Adji Ratu Rebaya Agung II

'''Rato Mahadewi'''

* Adji Putri Anum Adiningrat Binti Adji Indra gelar Adji Pangèran Ratu I Bin Sultan Adji Muhammad Salehuddin I

'''Rato Leko'''

* Adji Gibek Binti Adji sampè' Bin Adji Soeka Bin Adji Nenut Bin Adji Pangèran Rawan Bin Adji Pangèran Dikota Bin Adji Pangèran Dipati Tua

'''Rato Mahtoer'''

* Ratu Kekew gellar Rato Prabu Ningsih

'''Selir Sang Nata'''

* Dayang Betje
* Dayang Ebek Binti Aw. Kumbeng

'''Gundik Aji'''

* Dayang Redaj
* Dayang Tjekki
* Dayang Sangko
* Dayang Rekiyah
* Dayang Minot
* Dayang Sulu
* Dayang Rendai gellar Raden Retno Kencono ḍari Kottha Bangun

'''Anak'''

# Adji Muhammad Ilyasin / Adji Ipe gellar Adji Pangèran Soemantri I anak lakè' wa' tuwa'an Sultan AM Alimuddin
# Adji Mahmoed gellar Adji Pangèran Sosro Negoro II
# Adji Meleng gellar Adji Pangèran Kesuma Adiningrat
# Adji Muhammad Parikesit / Adji Kaget / Adji Geger / Sultan Adji Muhammad Parikesit
# Adji Addin / Haji Adji gellar Adji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto iyâ arèya Gubernur sè awwâl Propènsi Kalimantan Tèmor
# Adji Uddin gellar Adji Pangeran Kartanegara
# Adji Pungge
# Adji Sunggo gellar Adji Raden Ratna Wati
# Adji Lobak Sarbiah gellar Adji Raden Lesminingpuri
# Adji Ndoro gellar Adji Raden Siti Sendoro
# Adji Dudje gellar Adji Raden Siti Sundari
# Adji Mudjenah
# Adji Saidah gellar Adji Raden Djuwito Utomo Putro
# Adji Mariam
# Adji Mesiah gellar Adji Raden Sinto Putro
# Adji Beduj otabâ Adji Baduyah gellar Adji Raden Anggorosari</text>
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