Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 1972

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    <title>Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 1972</title>
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      <text bytes="20131" sha1="gy0urqwq9r0pmwarwjzsbcnb72qntzw" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Madagascar74.178.jpg|vignette|352x352px|Ny rotaka tao [[Antananarivo]] no nahavoadoro ny Lapan' ny Tanàna tamin' ny taona 1972]]
Ny '''tolon' ny''' '''mpianatra''' '''malagasy tamin' ny 1972''' dia fitokonana sy fihetsiketseham-panoherana nivaivay izay nipoitra teny amin' ny [[Oniversiten'Antananarivo|Oniversiten' Antananarivo]], ka niteraka ny faharavan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy|Repoblika Voalohany]] notarihin' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]]. Tao [[Antananarivo]] sy tany amin' ny tanàndehibe maro hafa eto [[Madagasikara]] no nitrangan' ilay fihetsiketsehana. Nifantoka tamin' ny olana maromaro ny fitakiana, ka ny telo lehibe dia: ny fanafoanana ny fifanaraham-piaraha-miasa ara-kolontsaina miaraka amin' i [[Frantsa]]; ny fanoloana ny fandaharam-pampianarana izay natao ho an' ny sekoly any Frantsa sy ampianarin' ny mpampianatra frantsay, izay tokony hosoloana ny fandaharam-pianarana manasongadina ny fiainana sy ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]] ary ampianarin' ny mpampianatra malagasy; ny fampitomboana ny fahafahan' ny tanora sahirana ara-pivelomana mankany amin' ny sekoly ambaratonga faharoa. Ny mpianatra eny amin' ny oniversite sy any amin' ny lisea, ny mpiasa amin' ny tsy miankina, ny mpiasam-panjakana, ary ampahany betsaka amin' ny mponina an-drenivohitra no nandray anjara amin' izany. Ny fitokonan' ny mpianatra momba ny rafi-panabeazana, izay noheverina ho frantsay loatra ka tsy mety, no niantombohan' izany. Anisan' ny zavatra notakina tamin' izany ny [[fanagasiana]] ny fanabeazana sy ny fanamelohana ny [[kolikoly]] ary ny tsy fiankinan-doha amin' i [[Frantsa]]. Nivadika ho fitokonana faobe notohanan' ny sarangam-piarahamonina samihafa ilay fitokonan' ny mpianatra. Niharan' ny famoretana henjana nataon' ny fitondrana ilay fihetsiketsehana (maro ny maty tamin' ny volana Mey 1972). Manoloana ny krizy dia nafindran' i Tsiranana tamin' ny jeneraly [[Ramanantsoa Gabriel|Gabriel Ramanantsoa]], ​​lehiben' ny tafika, ny fahefana feno.

== Tantaran' ilay hetsika ==

=== Fiantombohany ===
Nanomboka tamin' ny 22 Janoary 1972 tao amin' ny Sekolin' ny mpitsabo ao Befelatanana (École de médecine de Befelatanana) ao [[Antananarivo]] ny hetsika. Ireto ny zavatra notoherin' ny mpianatra: ny faharatsian' ny trano fonenana, ny sakafo tsy ampy, ny tsy fahampian' ny vatsim-pianarana ary ny fandaharam-pampianarana efa lany andro. Notakian' izy ireo ny hampifanarahana amin' ny Fakiolten' ny Fitsaboana ao amin' ny Oniversiten' Antananarivo, izay vao nosokafana tamin' ny taona 1970. Io sekoly nolovaina tamin' ny fanjanahantany io no nampiofana ny mpitsabo teratany (&quot;médecins indigènes&quot;) ho an' ny faritra ambanivohitra, ary ny fakiolte vaovao kosa dia nanofana mpitsabo ho an' ny faritra an-tanàndehibe, izany dia mampiseho ny fanavakavahana ataon' ny fanjakana&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.temoignages.re/international/madagascar-grande-ile/13-mai-1972-a-madagascar-la-repression-plutot-que-d-entendre-l-appel-au-dialogue-lance-par-l-akfm%2C104177 13 mai 1972 à Madagascar : la répression plutôt que d’entendre l’appel au dialogue lancé par l’AKFM]&quot;, ''www.temoignages.re'', 13 Mey 2022&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/madagascar-mai-1972-la-jeunesse-malgache-se-souleve-contre-lordre-etabli-435888?utm Madagascar : Mai 1972, la jeunesse malgache se soulève contre l'ordre établi]&quot;, ''information.tv5monde.com''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/De-1972-a-2009-l-eternel%2C11989.html De 1972 à 2009 : l’éternel recommencement ?]&quot;, ''www.madagascar-tribune.com'', lundi 25 mai 2009&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://shs.cairn.info/revue-afrique-contemporaine1-2014-3-page-51 Le drame des « investissements irréversibles » à Madagascar]&quot;, shs.cairn.info, pp 51-68, ''shs.cairn.info''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Fihenjanana sy famoretana ===

==== Marsa 1971 ====
Tamin' ny 24 Marsa 1971 dia nanomboka ilay hetsika ny mpianatra tao amin' ny College de Medicine tao Antananarivo mba hanehoana ny fandavan' ny vahoaka ny pôlitika sy ny famoretana ataon' ny fitondran' ny filoha Tsiranana izay [[Fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao|endrika vaovaon' ny fanjanahan-tany]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bertrand Lavaine, &quot;[https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar : Un livre témoignage à valeur patrimoniale]&quot; [[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232156/http://www.rfimusique.com/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar archive]], ''RFI musique'' (Radio France internationale), 22 février 2012.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Avrily 1972 ====
Vetivety dia niely ny hetsi-panoherana ka nahitana mpianatra miisa 5&amp;nbsp;000 manerana ny toeram-pianarana maro ao amin' ny [[Oniversiten' Antananarivo]]. Namaly izany i Tsiranana tamin' ny fanakatonana vonjimaika ny oniversite sy ny fandrarana ny fivorian' ny fikambanan' ny mpianatra, nefa mbola manome alalana ny vondron' ny mpianatra [[Sôsialisma|sôsialista]] miara-dia amin' ny PSD. Notaterin' ny fampahalalam-baovao ity hetsi-panoherana ity sy izay nitranga tao Toliara, nanentana ny mpianatra eny amin' ny [[lisea]] sy ny [[kôlejy]] mba hanao fihetsiketsehana ho firaisan-kina nanomboka tamin' ny 19 Avrily&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 

Tamin' ny 24 Avrily 1972, nanao hetsi-panoherana ho firaisan-kina tamin' ny mpianatry ny oniversite mpitsabo ny mpianatry ny sekoly ambaratonga faharoa tao [[Antananarivo]] renivohitra mba hanohanana ny fanavaozana ny fandaharam-pianarana izay mbola ilay tamin' ny andron' ny [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|fanjanahantany]] sy handroahana ireo mpampianatra  frantsay&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar,'' Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 28-30.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Tamin' ny 27 Avrily 1972 dia natomboka ny fitokonana faobe tamin'ny fampianarana ambaratonga faharoa sy oniversite. Niseho tamin' ny alalan' ny fitokonana faobe, izay nataon' ny mpianatra tao amin' ny ambaratonga faharoa sy avy eny amin' ny oniversite niisa 100&amp;nbsp;000 any ho any manerana an’ i [[Madagasikara]], ilay tolona. Niitatra ny fitakiana ka tafiditra tao anatin' izany ny fanagasiana ny fampianarana, ny fandravana ny [[fifanaraham-piaraha-miasan' i Madagasikara amin' i Frantsa]] ary ny fialan' ny filoha [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20200626-madagascar-1960-le-pari-fran%C3%A7africain-philibert-tsiranana Madagascar 1960: le pari françafricain de Philibert Tsiranana]&quot;, ''www.rfi.fr'' (26/06/2020)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Natsangana ny komity izay nahitana mpianatra, mpiasa amin' ny [[haino aman-jery]], [[mpisolovava]] ary olo-malaza hafa hitaky vaovao momba ireo voafonja nalefa any [[Nosy Lava]], izay niafara tamin' ny famotsorana haingana ireo Tatsimo notanana tao amin' ny fonjaben' ilay nosy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Mey 1972 ====
Tamin' ny fiandohan' ny volana Mey, ny mpitondra izay avy ao amin' ny [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD) dia nanao izay hampitsaharana ny fitokonan' ny mpianatra tamin' ny fomba rehetra. Tamin' ny 12 Mey 1972 dia mpianatra mitokona manodidina ny 400 no nosamborina sy nalefa sesitany tany [[Nosy Lava]].  Nakaton' ny manampahefana ihany koa ny sekoly ary norarana ny fihetsiketsehana.

Ny ampitson' io, 13 Mey, dia nisy ny hetsika fanohanana natao tao Antananarivo. Notifirin' ny mpitandro ny filaminana ([[Forces républicaines de sécurité]] na FRS) ny mpanao fihetsiketsehana ka nahafatesana olona eo anelanelan' ny 15 sy 40 ary 150 teo ho eo no naratra. Niteraka fitokonana faobe teo amin' ny mpiasa tamin' ny 15 May io famoretana niteraka rà mandriaka io ary nanafaingana ny fianjeran' ny fitondrana&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 37-38.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tsy nety niravina anefa ny olana ka nandrava ny governemantany tamin' ny 18 Mey i Tsiranana, ary izany no namarana ny Repoblika voalohany. Nanolotra ny fahefana feno tamin' ny Foloalindahy teo ambany fitarihan' ny jeneraly [[Ramanantsoa Gabriel|Gabriel Ramanantsoa]] i Tsiranana.

== Ny zavatra notakina ==
Ny [[Rotaka tamin' ny taona 1972|hetsi-bahoaka tamin' ny taona 1971-1972]] dia natosiky ny fitakiana maromaro izay naneho ny fandavana ny fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao, ny fikatsahana ny fanabeazana ara-drariny, ary ny faniriana ny hanana fahaleovantenam-pirenena marina. Ireo fitakiana ireo dia nivoatra rehefa nandeha ny fotoana, avy amin' ny fangatahana mikendry tanjona manokana mankany amin' ny fitakiana maro sy mivelatra kokoa momba ny rafitra misy.

=== Fitakiana lehibe ===

==== Fanitsiana na fanafoanana ny fifanaraham-piaraha-miasa amin' i Frantsa ====
Ny fifanarahana taorian' ny fahaleovantena dia nihazona ny herin' ny Frantsay teo amin' ny raharaham-pirenena malagasy. Nitaky ny fanitsiana na ny fanafoanana azy ireo ny mpanao fihetsiketsehana mba hiantohana ny tena [[Fiandrianana|fiandrianam-pirenena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/reportage-afrique/20220512-madagascar-manifestations-du-13-mai-les-leaders-des-gr%C3%A8ves-se-souviennent Madagascar: manifestations du 13-Mai 1972, les leaders des grèves se souviennent]&quot;, ''www.rfi.fr'' (13/05/2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;.

==== Fanagasiana ny fanabeazana sy ny andrim-panjakana ====
Notakian' ny mpanao fihetsiketsehana ny hampidirana ny [[Kolontsaina malagasy|kolontsaina]] sy ny [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara|tantara malagasy]] ao amin' ny fandaharam-pianarana ao amin' ny ambaratonga voalohany sy faharoa ary eny amin' ny oniversite, ary tokony ho ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] no teny enti-mampianatra, mba hialana amin' ny vahohon' ny Frantsay&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;. Izany no atao hoe [[fanagasiana]].

==== Ny fitakian' ny tantsaha tamin' ny 1971 ====
Tany amin' ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara, dia nijoro nanohitra ny [[mosary]] sy ny [[hetra]] tsy ara-drariny ary ny tsy fisian' ny fanohanan' ny fanjakana ny [[tantsaha]] teo ambany fitarihan' ny [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|MONIMA]] tarihin' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Nitaky ny fitantanana tsaratsara kokoa ny loharanon-karena sy ny fiheverana bebe kokoa ny filan' ny faritra ambanivohitra izy ireo.

=== Fitakiana hafa ===

==== Ny demôkrasia sy ny fitovian' ny fanabeazana ====
Nomelohin' ny mpianatra ny rafi-pampianarana nolovaina tamin' ny fanjanahantany izay manome vahana ny mponina sasasy an-tanàn-dehibe ka nanimba ny mpianatra any ambanivohitra. Nitaky fampianarana azon' ny rehetra idirana, tsy misy fanavakavahana ara-piarahamonina na ara-jeôgrafia izy ireo. Notakiana ny fahalalahana, ny demôkrasia, ny sekoly tsy miangatra ho an' ny rehetra, izay tsy nanavahana ny mpianatra na ny sarangam-piarahamonina&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;.

==== Fanatsarana ny fari-piainan' ny mpianatra ====
Nitaky trano, sakafo, fitsaboana tsaratsara kokoa ary vatsim-pianarana mendrika ny mpianatra. Notakian' izy ireo ihany koa ny fampitambarana ny toeram-pampianarana mpitsabo roa ao Befelatanana sy eny Ankatso mba hisian' ny fampitovian-jo&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://lexpress.mg/13/05/2022/13-mai-1972-50-ans-de-debats-de-frustrations-et-dheritages 13 Mai 1972 - 50 ans de débats, de frustrations et d’héritages]&quot;, ''lexpress.mg'' (Vendredi 13 mai 2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://tanikomadagascar.com/2017/10/14/13-mai-1972-malagasy 13 Mai ’72 Malagasy]&quot;, ''tanikomadagascar.com'' (14 octobre 2017)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Brigitte Rasoloniaina (éd.), ''Madagascar, Mai 1972 – Regards et perspectives historiques et sociolangagières,'' Maisonneuve et Larose Nouvelles éditions, Hémisphères éditions, Paris, 2023, 289 p. ([https://journals.openedition.org/linx/10617 présentation] sur ''journals.openedition.org'')&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Fandavana ny fanavakavahana eo amin' ny fiofanana ara-pitsaboana ====
Nisy ny fanavahana ny mpitsabo niofana hitsabo ny mponina any ambanivohitra sy ny hitsabo ny mponina an-tanàn-dehibe, ka niteraka tsy fitoviana eo amin' ny kalitaon' ny fikarakarana. Nanameloka izany fanavakavahana izany ny mpianatra ary nitaky fiofanana ara-pitsaboana iraisana&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

==== Famotsorana ny mpianatra voasambotra ary fanajana ny zo hitokona ====
Taorian' ny famoretana ny fihetsiketsehana dia mpianatra maro no nosamborina sy nalefa sesitany tany [[Nosy Lava]]. Nitaky ny famotsorana azy ireo haingana sy ny fanajana ny [[zo hitokona]] ny mpanao fihetsiketsehana&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;.

== Ny fanohanana ilay hetsika ==

=== Ny olo-malaza nanohana ilay hetsika ===

==== Monja Jaona ====
I [[Monja Jaona]], izay mpanorina ny antoko [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|Mouvement National pour l’Indépendance de Madagascar]] (MONIMA). Izy no nitarika fikomian' ny tantsaha tany Atsimo itamin' ny taona 1971, izay niharan' ny famoretana tamin' ny fomba feno habibiana. Nanentana ny tanora sy ny mpianatra ny lahateniny mambabo fom-bahoaka izay nanohitra ny [[fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao]] sy nanohitra an' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]], na dia tsy tao Antananrivo mivantana aza izy tamin' ny fikomian' ny mpianatra. Matetika izy no heverina ho mpialoha lalana ara-poto-kevitra ny fikomiana tamin' ny taona 1972.

==== Richard Andriamanjato ====
Mpitarika ny [[Antokon' ny Kongresin' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara]] (AKFM) i [[Richard Andriamanjato]]. Nanohana ara-pôlitika ny fitakian' ny mpianatra tamin' ny [[haino aman-jery]] sy tamin' ny alalan' ny fanambaràna ampahibemaso izy. Nanao antso avo momba ny fisarahana amin' i Frantsa sy momba ny tokony hananana fiandrianam-pirenena bebe kokoa izy. Navitrika tamin' ny fanetsiketsehana ny vahoaka ny mpikatroka nanaraka azy, indrindra ny tao [[Antananarivo]].

==== Jean Rakotoharison ====
Manam-pahaizana tia tanindrazana navitrika tao amin' ny fikambanan' ny mpianatra nanomboka tamin' ny taompolo 1960 i [[Jean Rakotoharison]] (na Raharison). Nandray anjara tamin' ny fitaizana ara-pôlitika ny mpianatra sy tamin' ny fanoratana lahatsoratra nozaraina nandritra ilay hetsika izy.

=== Vondrona hafa nanohana ===
Ny sendikan' ny mpampianatra sy ny mpiasam-panjakana mandroso, indrindra ny eo anivon' ny SECES (fikambanan' ny mpampianatra mpikaroka). Ny mpanao gazety izay niaro ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra. Ny mpitondra fivavahana sasany, indrindra ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]] sy [[Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina (Madagasikara)|Katôlika]], izay niaro ny fahalalahana maneho hevitra sy nanameloka ny herisetra ataon' ny mpitandro filaminana sady nanome fialofana ho an' ireo izay naratra sy nenjehina.

== Vokatr' ilay hetsika ==
Nisy vokany lalina teo amin' ny lafiny pôlitika sy sôsialy ary kolontsaina teto Madagasikara ny hetsiky ny vahoaka malagasy tamin' ny taona 1971-1972. Na dia nitondra fanantenana ho amin'ny fanavaozana aza izany, dia nifangaro ny fiantraikany.

=== Faharavan' ny fitondrana PSD ===
Tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972, ny famoretana nisy rà mandriaka nasetrin' ny fanjakana ny fihetsiketsehan' ny mpianatra tao [[Antananarivo]], izay namoizana ain' olona teo amin' ny 40 teo ho eo, no nitarika ny fiafaran' ny fitondrana. Tamin' ny 18 Mey 1972 nametrahan' ny filoha [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]] ny fahefana feno tamin' ny jeneraly [[Ramanantsoa Gabriel|Gabriel Ramanantsoa]], ​​lehiben' ny Etamazôro, nanamarika ny fahataperan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy|Repoblika voalohany]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tetezamita miaramila sy disadisa ara-pôlitika ===
Ny jeneraly [[Ramanantsoa Gabriel|Ramanantsoa]] no nitarika ny fitondrana tetezamita izay niezaka namaly ny hetahetan' ny vahoaka. Na izany aza, io vanim-potoana io dia voamariky ny disadisa anatiny sy ny tsy fahombiazan' ny fanavaozana. Tamin' ny taona 1975, taorian' ny namonoana ny kôlônely [[Ratsimandrava Richard|Richard Ratsimandrava]], dia nandray ny fahefana i [[Ratsiraka Didier|Didier Ratsiraka]] ka nanangana ny [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy|Repoblika faharoa]], izay niompana amin' ny [[sôsialisma]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://lecturesenligne.com/2019/03/24/crises-cycliques-malgaches-memes-causes-memes-effets Crises cycliques malgaches : mêmes causes, mêmes effets]&quot;, ''lecturesenligne.com'' ()&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20100625-1972-autre-independance-malgache 1972 : l’autre indépendance malgache]&quot;, ''www.rfi.fr'' (25/06/2010)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Fanitsiana ny fifanaraham-piaraha-miasa ===
Nitarika fanavaozana ny [[fifanaraham-piaraha-miasa eo amin' i Frantsa sy i Madagasikara]] ihany koa ilay hetsika, izany dia maneho ny faniriana hiala amin' ny [[fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao]]. Tamin' ny taona 1973 dia nandao ny &quot;[[zone franc]]&quot; i [[Madagasikara]] ary nanomboka ny pôlitikan' ny [[fanaovana ho fananam-pirenena]] ny orinasa vahiny&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;.

=== Fanagasiana ===
Anisan' ny fitakiana lehibe tamin' ny hetsika ny [[fanagasiana]] ny [[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fampianarana]] sy ny andrim-piarahamonina. Ity pôlitika ity dia mikendry ny hanoloana ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]] amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] eo amin' ny fitantanana sy ny fanabeazana, ary hampifanaraka ny fandaharam-pianarana any an-tsekoly amin' ny zava-misy eto an-toerana. Na izany aza, voatsikera noho ny fampiharana maika sy ny voka-dratsiny amin' ny kalitaon' ny fampianarana ity fanavaozana ity.

=== Fisandratan' ny fitiavan-tanin-drazana ===
Ny hetsika dia nanamafy ny fisandratan' ny [[fitiavan-tanindrazana]]. Naneho ny hetahetan' ny vahoaka tamin' ny alalan' ny hirany ny tarika toa an' i [[Mahaleo (tarika)|Mahaleo]], izay natsangan' ny mpianatra mpikatroka, ka lasa mariky ny vanim-potoana izany&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;.

=== Faharetan' ny tsy fitoviana sy fahadisoam-panantenana ===
Na dia teo aza ny tsirim-panantenana, ny taompolo maromaro nanaraka dia tsy nampihena be ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy sy ara-toekarena. Tsy araka ny nantenaina hatrany ny pôlitika napetraky ny mpitondra, ary mbola miatrika olana goavana amin' ny fampandrosoana i Madagasikara&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Miverina ve ny tantara? ===
Ny [[fitokonana tamin' ny taona 1991]] ho fandrodanana ny &quot;Mandan' i Jerikô&quot; dia karazan' ny fiverenan' ny tantara ihany satria anisan' ny nandray anjara lehibe tao amin' ny &quot;Hery Velona&quot; ny mpianatra, indrindra tao amin' ny sampana &quot;Service d'ordre&quot;.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]]
* [[Fampianarana eto Madagasikara]]
* [[Fanagasiana]]
* [[Repoblika Malagasy]]
* [[Tsiranana Philibert]]
* [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]]
* [[Rotaka tamin' ny taona 1972]] (ankapobeny momba ny zava-nitranga tamin' ny taona 1971-1972, iresahana koa ny hetsiky ny tantsaha)

== Tahirin-kevitra ==

=== Rohy ivelany ===
* [http://cjbenoit.club.fr/malagasy/13mai72.htm 13 mai 1972 (Zoma Capricorne)] {{Wayback|url=http://cjbenoit.club.fr/malagasy/13mai72.htm |date=20050826101323 }}
* Jereo koa ny [http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.malagasy soc.culture.malagasy] dia zahavo ny &quot;13 mai 1972&quot;
* &quot;[https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/mg.htm Republique de Madagascar]&quot;, ''mjp.univ-perp.fr''

=== Boky ===
* Fanny Pigeaud, Mahaleo, ''40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-919702-01-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

* [[Françoise Raison-Jourde]] et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782811103958&lt;/nowiki&gt;)
* Maureen Covell, ''Madagascar: Politics, Economics and Society'', Frances Pinter, 1987.
* Chamoiseau, Patrick. ''L'invention d’une langue'' (comparatif, avec quelques références à Madagascar).

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==
[[catégorie:Tantaran'i Madagasikara]]</text>
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    <title>Tsiranana Philibert</title>
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      <text bytes="7168" sha1="nqhjr1axkse556mgsxxfjxaxjibhpzd" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Philibert Tsiranana 1962.jpg|vignette]]
I '''Philibert Tsiranana,''' teraka tamin' ny 18 ôktôbra 1910 tao [[Ambarikorano]], [[Mandritsara]] ao amin' ny [[faritanin' i Mahajanga]], nodimandry ny 16 Aprily 1978 tao [[:fr:Antananarivo|Antananarivo]], dia Malagasy mpanao pôlitika, filohan' i [[Madagasikara]] voalohany tamin'ny 1 Mey 1959 hatramin'ny 11 Ôktôbra 1972, tamin'ny nahazoan'io firenena io ny [[fahaleovantena]]. Nantsoina hoe [[Repoblika Malagasy]] ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''République Malgache'') izany repoblika voalohany izany. Niaina fitondràna roa ambinifolo taona tao anaty fitonian'ny andrimpanjakana izy, fa tsy tahàka ireo firenena [[:fr:Afrique_francophone|afrikàna miteny sy mampiasa ny teny frantsay]] niatrika korontana tamin'izany fotoana izany. Nivoatra tsikelikely ny toekarena, nanaraka ny làlan'ny sôsialisma pragmatika. Nahazo anaram-bositra hoe &quot;Nosy Sambatra&quot; i Madagasikara. Nanampy tamin'ny fanorenana ny lazany io toetrany manokana io. Philibert Tsiranana no mpanorina ny antoko pôlitika [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD).

== Fiainany manokana ==
Nianatra tao amin' ny sekoly ambaratonga voalohany tao [[Anjiamangirana I|Anjiamangirana]] tao [[Distrikan'Antsohihy|Antsohihy]] izy. Nanohy ny ambaratonga faharoa fototra tao [[Analalava]] tamin' ny taona 1926, ary ny taona 1930 no nidirany tao amin' ny sekoly Le-Myre-de-Vilers; tao no nahazoany ny diplaoma naha mpampianatra azy tamin' ny faharoapolo taonany. Rehefa nampianatra nandritra ny 12 taona izy dia nanao fanadinana hidirana ao amin' ny École normale de Montpellier tamin' ny taona 1946, ka rehefa vita ny 4 taona nianarany tao dia nampianatra tao amin' ny Fampianarana Teknika tao Antananarivo izy.

== Pôlitika ==

=== Lany ho filohan' i Madagasikara mizaka tena ===
Tamin' ny fiafaran' ny taompolo 1950 no nanorenan'i Philibert Tsiranana ny antoko pôlitika [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (PSD), izay anisan' ny antoko pôlitika roa lehibe, ka ny faharoa dia ny [[Antoko' ny Kongresi' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara|Antokon' ny Kongresin' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara]] (AKFM) izay teo ambany fitarihan' i [[Richard Andriamanjato]]. Ny PSD dia mpankasitraka ny fizakan-tenan' i Madagasikara ary nitazona fifandraisana akaiky tamin' i Frantsa.

Tamin' ny 1 Mey 1959 dia nivory ny kôlejin' ny mpifidy vaventy ahitana mpikambana ao amin' ny Antenimiera, mpanolotsainam-paritany ary solontena avy amin' ny kaominina mba hifidy ny filoham-pirenena voalohany.  Kandidà efatra no nifaninana. Tamin' ny 1 Jolay 1959 dia nivory ny Antenimieram-pirenena ka nametraka ny fitokisany tamin' i Tsiranana, izay nandresy amin' ny vato 113 amin' ny 114, ho filohan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] voalohany mizaka tena.

=== Filohan' ny Repoblika Malagasy ===
[[Sary:Philibert_Tsiranana_and_Michel_Debré_signing_agreements_on_the_independence_of_the_Malagasy_Republic.jpg|vignette|205x205px|Ny filoham-pirenena malagasy Philibert Tsiranana manao sonia miaraka amin' i Michel Debré ny fifanarahana momba ny fahaleovan-tenan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]].]]
Nangataka tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fahaleovanten’ i Madagasikara i Philibert Tsiranana ary natomboka tao [[Parisy|Paris]] ny fifampiraharahana tamin' ny 11 Febroary 1960. Nitarika izany ny minisitry ny Atitany malagasy [[André Resampa]] sy ny sekreteram-panjakana frantsay Jean Foyer. Izany no niteraka ny fanaovan-tsonia, tamin' ny 2 Avrily nataon' i Michel Debré sy Philibert Tsiranana, ny fifanarahana roa, ny iray momba ny fahaleovantena sy ny famindram-pahefana, ny iray momba ny fiaraha-miasa (''coopération''). Nambara am-pahibemaso ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara tamin' ny 26 Jona 1960 teo amin' ny [[kianjan' i Mahamasina]]. Nantsoina hoe [[Repoblika Malagasy]] ny repoblika voalohany.

=== Fahalaniana fanindroany ho filohan' ny Repoblika ===
Dimy taona taty aoriana, tamin' ny 30 Marsa 1965, dia voafidy fanindroany hitondra ny firenena i Philibert Tsiranana.

=== Fahalaniana fanintelony sy fionganana ===
Tamin' ny 30 Janoary 1972 dia voafidy fanintelony ho filoha izy. Ny mpanohitra ny mpitonda tamin' izany fotoana izany dia nihevitra ny toejavatra ho &quot;saritsarim-pahaleovantena&quot; ihany, satria ny sehatra rehetra dia nakan' ny mpitondra tamin' izany fankatoavana tany amin' ny firenena nanjanaka teo aloha. Ary izay no niteraka ny fanehoam-panoherana tamin' ny taona 1972. Tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972 ny [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972|tolon' ny mpianatra]] teo amin' ny Kianjan' ny Fahaleovantena teo [[Analakely]], izay nitakiana koa ny [[fanagasiana]], ka nahatonga ny fionganan' ny fitondrana Tsiranana.

=== Famintinana ara-pilaharam-potoana ===
* 1952: voafidy ho mpanolotsain' ny [[Faritanin' i Mahajanga]].

* 2 Janoary 1956: voafidy ho [[solombavambahoaka]] tao amin' ny Faritra Andrefana.

* 1956: tamin' ny faramparan' io taona io no nananganany ny antoko [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (P.S.D).

* Mey 1957: voatendry ho ministra; avy teo voatendry ho filoha lefitry ny Mpanolotsain' ny Governemantan' i Madagasikara.

* Jolay 1958: notendrena ho filohan' ny Mpanolotsain' ny Governemanta.

* 14 Ôktôbra 1958: nomem-boninahitra ho Filohan' ny Governemanta vonjimaika rehefa nambara ho Repoblika mizakatena i Madagasikara.

* 1 Jolay 1959: nivory ny [[Antenimiera]] ka nametraka ny fitokisany - tamin' ny alalan' ny vato 113 amin' ny mpifidy 114 - tamin' ity zanaka tantsaha avy any [[Anahidrano]], [[Antsohihy]] ho filohan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] voalohany.

* 26 Jona 1960: nahazo ny fahaleovantenany madiodio i Madagasikara.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/histoiredemadagascar Safidio ny tantaran'i Madagasikara ao amin'ny aterineto]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* 30 Marsa 1965: voafidy fanindroany hitondra ny firenena i Philibert Tsiranana.

* 30 Janoary 1972: voafidy fanintelony ho filoha izy.

* Avrily - Mey 1972: nanomboka nisy korontana, be ny mpanohitra ny fitondrana.

* 13 Mey 1972: [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972|tolon' ny mpianatra]] teo amin' ny Kianjan' ny Fahaleovantena teo Analakely, ka nahatonga ny fionganan' ny fitondrana Tsiranana.

== Valisoa azon' i Philibert Tsiranana ==
* Nomena ny mari-pankasitrahana &quot;Chevalier de l'Étoile d'Anjouan&quot; tamin' ny 1949,
* 1950: &quot;Chevalier de l'Etoile de la Grande-Comore&quot;.

*14 Jolay 1954: nahazo ny &quot;Mention Honorable de l'Enseignement&quot;.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]]
* [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay]]
* [[Repoblika Malagasy]]
* [[Parti des Déshérités de Madagascar]] (PADESM)
* [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (PSD)
* [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache]] (MDRM)
* [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|Mouvement National pour l’Indépendance de Madagascar]] (Monima)
* [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972]]
* [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]]

== Tsiahy ==
{{Ref}}

== Ireo filoha nifandimby ==
{{Filohan'i Madagasikara}}

[[sokajy:Politika ny Madagasikara]]
[[sokajy:Biôgrafia]]
[[Sokajy:Mpanao politika malagasy]]
[[Sokajy:Filohan'i Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1912]]
[[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1978]]</text>
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        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Nandamina lahatsoratra</comment>
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      <text bytes="7718" sha1="creedhhoerp6ugtbsujood9d4vxp6rv" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Philibert Tsiranana 1962.jpg|vignette|Tsiranana Philibert]]
I '''Tsiranana Philibert''' (na '''Philibert''' '''Tsiranana''', amin' ny fandaharana anarana frantsay), dia mpanao pôlitika malagasy, filohan' i [[Madagasikara]] voalohany, tamin' ny nahazoan' io firenena io ny [[fahaleovantena]], tamin' ny 1 Mey 1959 hatramin' ny 11 Ôktôbra 1972. Nantsoina hoe [[Repoblika Malagasy]] ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''République Malgache'') izany repoblika voalohany izany. Izy no mpanorina ny antoko pôlitika [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD). Teraka tamin' ny 18 Ôktôbra 1910 izy ary nodimandry tamin' ny 16 Avrily 1978.

Niaina fitondràna roa ambin' ny folo taona tao anaty fitonian'ny andrimpanjakana izy, fa tsy tahaka ireo firenena [[:fr:Afrique_francophone|afrikana miteny frantsay]] izay niatrika korontana tamin'izany fotoana izany. Nivoatra tsikelikely ny toekarena, nanaraka ny lalan'ny sôsialisma pragmatika. Nahazo anaram-bositra hoe &quot;Nosy Sambatra&quot; i Madagasikara. Nanampy tamin'ny fanorenana ny lazany io toetrany manokana io. Philibert Tsiranana no mpanorina ny antoko pôlitika [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD).

Nihevitra ny toejavatra ho &quot;saritsarim-pahaleovantena&quot; ihany ny mpanohitra tamin' izany fotoana izany, satria ny sehatra rehetra dia nakan' ny mpitondra fankatoavana tany amin' i Frantsa. Ary izay no niteraka ny [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 1972|fanehoam-panoherana tamin' ny taona 1972]], ka nahatonga ny fionganan' ny fitondrany.

== Fiainany manokana ==
Teraka tamin' ny taona 1912 tao [[Ambarikorano]], [[Mandritsara]] ao amin' ny [[faritanin' i Mahajanga]] izy. Nianatra tao amin' ny sekoly ambaratonga voalohany tao [[Anjiamangirana I|Anjiamangirana]] tao [[Distrikan'Antsohihy|Antsohihy]] izy. Nanohy ny ambaratonga faharoa fototra tao [[Analalava]] tamin' ny taona 1926, ary ny taona 1930 no nidirany tao amin' ny sekoly Le-Myre-de-Vilers; tao no nahazoany ny diplaoma naha mpampianatra azy tamin' ny faharoapolo taonany. Rehefa nampianatra nandritra ny 12 taona izy dia nanao fanadinana hidirana ao amin' ny École normale de Montpellier tamin' ny taona 1946, ka rehefa vita ny 4 taona nianarany tao dia nampianatra tao amin' ny Fampianarana Teknika tao Antananarivo izy.

== Pôlitika ==

=== Lany ho filohan' i Madagasikara mizaka tena ===
Tamin' ny fiafaran' ny taompolo 1950 no nanorenan'i Philibert Tsiranana ny antoko pôlitika [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (PSD), izay anisan' ny antoko pôlitika roa lehibe, ka ny faharoa dia ny [[Antoko' ny Kongresi' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara|Antokon' ny Kongresin' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara]] (AKFM) izay teo ambany fitarihan' i [[Richard Andriamanjato]]. Ny PSD dia mpankasitraka ny fizakan-tenan' i Madagasikara ary nitazona fifandraisana akaiky tamin' i Frantsa.

Tamin' ny 1 Mey 1959 dia nivory ny kôlejin' ny mpifidy vaventy ahitana mpikambana ao amin' ny Antenimiera, mpanolotsainam-paritany ary solontena avy amin' ny kaominina mba hifidy ny filoham-pirenena voalohany.  Kandidà efatra no nifaninana. Tamin' ny 1 Jolay 1959 dia nivory ny Antenimieram-pirenena ka nametraka ny fitokisany tamin' i Tsiranana, izay nandresy amin' ny vato 113 amin' ny 114, ho filohan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] voalohany mizaka tena.

=== Filohan' ny Repoblika Malagasy ===
[[Sary:Philibert_Tsiranana_and_Michel_Debré_signing_agreements_on_the_independence_of_the_Malagasy_Republic.jpg|vignette|205x205px|Ny filoham-pirenena malagasy Philibert Tsiranana manao sonia miaraka amin' i Michel Debré ny fifanarahana momba ny fahaleovan-tenan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]].]]
Nangataka tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fahaleovanten’ i Madagasikara i Philibert Tsiranana ary natomboka tao [[Parisy|Paris]] ny fifampiraharahana tamin' ny 11 Febroary 1960. Nitarika izany ny minisitry ny Atitany malagasy [[André Resampa]] sy ny sekreteram-panjakana frantsay Jean Foyer. Izany no niteraka ny fanaovan-tsonia, tamin' ny 2 Avrily nataon' i Michel Debré sy Philibert Tsiranana, ny fifanarahana roa, ny iray momba ny fahaleovantena sy ny famindram-pahefana, ny iray momba ny fiaraha-miasa (''coopération''). Nambara am-pahibemaso ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara tamin' ny 26 Jona 1960 teo amin' ny [[kianjan' i Mahamasina]]. Nantsoina hoe [[Repoblika Malagasy]] ny repoblika voalohany.

=== Fahalaniana fanindroany ho filohan' ny Repoblika ===
Dimy taona taty aoriana, tamin' ny 30 Marsa 1965, dia voafidy fanindroany hitondra ny firenena i Philibert Tsiranana.

=== Fahalaniana fanintelony sy fionganana ===
Tamin' ny 30 Janoary 1972 dia voafidy fanintelony ho filoha izy. Ny mpanohitra ny mpitonda tamin' izany fotoana izany dia nihevitra ny toejavatra ho &quot;saritsarim-pahaleovantena&quot; ihany, satria ny sehatra rehetra dia nakan' ny mpitondra tamin' izany fankatoavana tany amin' ny firenena nanjanaka teo aloha. Ary izay no niteraka ny fanehoam-panoherana tamin' ny taona 1972. Tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972 ny [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972|tolon' ny mpianatra]] teo amin' ny Kianjan' ny Fahaleovantena teo [[Analakely]], izay nitakiana koa ny [[fanagasiana]], ka nahatonga ny fionganan' ny fitondrana Tsiranana.

== Famintinana ara-pilaharam-potoana ==
* 1952: voafidy ho mpanolotsain' ny [[Faritanin' i Mahajanga]].

* 2 Janoary 1956: voafidy ho [[solombavambahoaka]] tao amin' ny Faritra Andrefana.

* 1956: tamin' ny faramparan' io taona io no nananganany ny antoko [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (P.S.D).

* Mey 1957: voatendry ho ministra; avy teo voatendry ho filoha lefitry ny Mpanolotsain' ny Governemantan' i Madagasikara.

* Jolay 1958: notendrena ho filohan' ny Mpanolotsain' ny Governemanta.

* 14 Ôktôbra 1958: nomem-boninahitra ho Filohan' ny Governemanta vonjimaika rehefa nambara ho Repoblika mizakatena i Madagasikara.

* 1 Jolay 1959: nivory ny [[Antenimiera]] ka nametraka ny fitokisany - tamin' ny alalan' ny vato 113 amin' ny mpifidy 114 - tamin' ity zanaka tantsaha avy any [[Anahidrano]], [[Antsohihy]] ho filohan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] voalohany.

* 26 Jona 1960: nahazo ny fahaleovantenany madiodio i Madagasikara.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/histoiredemadagascar Safidio ny tantaran'i Madagasikara ao amin'ny aterineto]&lt;/ref&gt; 

* 30 Marsa 1965: voafidy fanindroany hitondra ny firenena i Philibert Tsiranana.

* 30 Janoary 1972: voafidy fanintelony ho filoha izy.

* Avrily - Mey 1972: nanomboka nisy korontana, be ny mpanohitra ny fitondrana.

* 13 Mey 1972: [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972|tolon' ny mpianatra]] teo amin' ny Kianjan' ny Fahaleovantena teo Analakely, ka nahatonga ny fionganan' ny fitondrana Tsiranana.

== Valisoa azon' i Philibert Tsiranana ==
* Nomena ny mari-pankasitrahana &quot;Chevalier de l'Étoile d'Anjouan&quot; tamin' ny 1949,
* 1950: &quot;Chevalier de l'Etoile de la Grande-Comore&quot;.

*14 Jolay 1954: nahazo ny &quot;Mention Honorable de l'Enseignement&quot;.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]]
* [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay]]
* [[Repoblika Malagasy]]
* [[Parti des Déshérités de Madagascar]] (PADESM)
* [[Parti Social Démocrate de Madagascar]] (PSD)
* [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache]] (MDRM)
* [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|Mouvement National pour l’Indépendance de Madagascar]] (Monima)
* [[Tolon' ny mpianatra malagasy tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972]]
* [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]]

== Tsiahy ==
{{Ref}}

== Ireo filoha nifandimby ==
{{Filohan'i Madagasikara}}

[[sokajy:Politika ny Madagasikara]]
[[sokajy:Biôgrafia]]
[[Sokajy:Mpanao politika malagasy]]
[[Sokajy:Filohan'i Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1912]]
[[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1978]]</text>
      <sha1>creedhhoerp6ugtbsujood9d4vxp6rv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gripa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137653</id>
      <parentid>1114043</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:05:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <text bytes="5144" sha1="198weg1o0489rinhob75lkhywkscito" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:EM of influenza virus.jpg|ankavanana|210px|thumb|Otrikaretin' ny gripa, miala amin' ny [[sela]] niompy azy, nohangezaina in-100.000]]
Ny '''gripa''' (na ''influenza'') dia [[aretina]] mitranga matetika sy mora mifindra vokatry ny taon' ny [[otrikaretina]] ARN amin' ny fianankavian' ny ''Orthomyxoviridae'' (''Myxovirus influenzae'' A, B sy C) mikasika ny [[vorona]] sy ny [[biby mampinono]] toy ny [[kisoa]] sy ny [[olombelona]].

== Ny gripa epidemika na gripa tsotra ==
Miseho arakaraka ny [[Fizaràn-taona|vanintaona]] io gripa io, indrindra amin' ny [[fararano]]-[[ririnina]]. Misy aretin-doha sy mikohaka ary misy aretin-tenda ary malain-komana ny [[olombelona]] voan' ny gripa. Mitsahatra ireo famantarana ireo afaka telo na efatra andro. Raha tsy sitrana ny gripa (voan' ny [[pnemônia]] vokatry ny bakteria na tsy ampy rano) dia mety mahafaty. 

Amin' ny alalan' ny teten-drano feno [[otrikaretina]] avoakan' ny [[evina]] sy ny [[Kohaka|kohaky]] ny olona marary ny fifindran' ny gripa avy amin' ny olona mankamin' ny olona. Ny fahitana ny gripa amin' ny fotoan' ny epidemia dia tsotra, ary ny fitsaboana ny gripa arakaraka ny famantarana dia tsy sarotiny. Ny [[Vaksiny|vakisiny]] no tena mahatsabo ny gripa. Any amin' ny [[Firenena mandroso|tany mandroso]] dia matetika manome vakisiny ho an' ny olona tsy dia salama&lt;ref name=WHOvaccines&gt;[http://www.who.int/wer/2005/wer8033.pdf Publication de l'OMS : vaccins grippaux] ''Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire de l'OMS'', 19 août 2005, vol. 80, 33, pp. 277–288.&lt;/ref&gt;, ary omena koa ny akoho amam-borona ompiana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Villegas | first = P | title = Viral diseases of the respiratory system | journal = Poult Sci | volume = 77 | issue = 8 | pages = 1143–5 | year = 1998 | id = PMID 9706079}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Jereo koa ==

*[[Farasisa]]
*[[Angatra (aretina)]]
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiôtika]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Rohy ivelany ==
'''Miteny anglisy'''
* [http://www.ers-education.org/pages/default.aspx?id=331 ERS Online Course on Influenza]
* [http://www.myfamilywellness.org/MainMenuCategories/FamilyHealthCenter/Flu.aspx Swine and Seasonal Flu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.myfamilywellness.org/MainMenuCategories/FamilyHealthCenter/Flu.aspx |date=20110727105753 }}, [http://www.goodmedicine.org Institute for Good Medicine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.goodmedicine.org/ |date=20090801102113 }} at the [http://www.pamedsoc.org Pennsylvania Medical Society]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/flu/ Info on influenza] at [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]
* [http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/the-flu/overview.html Summary of the disease] at the [[NYTimes]].
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/health/05virus.html 10 Genes, Furiously Evolving] [[NYTimes]] May 4, 2009
* [http://www.outbreakalerts.com Outbreak Alerts] United States based communicable disease notification website.
* [http://www.fludb.org Influenza Research Database] – Database of influenza genomic sequences, serotypes, polymorphisms, structures, epitopes, drugs and related tools.
* [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/influenza/DS00081 Influenza (Mayo Clinic)]
* [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html Fact Sheet] Overview of influenza at [[World Health Organization]]
* [http://origem.info/misms/index.php The Multinational Influenza Seasonal Mortality Study (MISMS)] {{Wayback|url=http://origem.info/misms/index.php |date=20160909230155 }} [[Fogarty International Center]]
* [http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a-z/index.aspx Health encyclopedia entry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a-z/index.aspx |date=20081026020117 }} at [[NHS Direct]]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/46000000.htm Orthomyxoviridae] The Universal Virus Database of the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/flubiology.html Influenza Virus Resource] from the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]]
* [http://www.eiss.org/ European Influenza Surveillance Scheme] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eiss.org/ |date=20111013203342 }}
* [http://www.google.org/flutrends/ Flu Trends] {{Wayback|url=http://www.google.org/flutrends/ |date=20081225232746 }} – flu activity across the U.S.
* [https://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/Sat/Topics/ColdsAndFlu.aspx?Host=Nhsd&amp;SyndicationPartnerGuid=d19370ea-a100-407d-9695-b73407f701c7&amp;TopicGuid=8c903315-a302-412a-bfae-9cb576d4b4cd Cold and flu advice] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/Sat/Topics/ColdsAndFlu.aspx?Host=Nhsd&amp;SyndicationPartnerGuid=d19370ea-a100-407d-9695-b73407f701c7&amp;TopicGuid=8c903315-a302-412a-bfae-9cb576d4b4cd |date=20081112112347 }} (NHS Direct)
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/6 Online video discussing influenza outbreaks and spread of other infectious diseases] (Vega Science Trust)
* [http://www.pandemicflu.gov Flu.gov: Know What To Do About the Flu]
* [http://www.path.org/vaccineresources/influenza.php PATH Vaccine Resource Library influenza resources]

== Tsiahy ==
{{ref}}

{{vangovango}}

[[Sokajy:Gripa|*]]
[[Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moramanga</title>
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{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Moramanga
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Toamasina|Toamasina]]
|faritra= [[Alaotra-Mangoro]]
|isam-ponina=57084
|velarantany= 19.5
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary=Moramanga - marketplace.jpg
|tanàna=NC|fanjakana=NC|ben'ny tanàna=NC|tanàn-dehibe=NC}}
'''Moramanga''' dia firaisam-pokotany malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Moramanga|fivondronan'i Moramanga]], [[Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro]] [[Faritanin'i Toamasina]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 57084 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018. Ny kaodin-distrika dia 314. Moramanga ihany koa no renivohitra faha roa ao aminy faritra Alaotra Mangoro zany hoe izy no renivohitry n'y disitrika Moramanga. VID_20250418_172254.mp4

Moramanga dia andalovany lalampirena faha roa  izay mapitohy an' Antananarivo sy Toamasina sy fihandohany lalam-pirenena faha 44 izay mapitohy an'i Moramanga sy Ambatondrazaka.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.madagascar-island.com/est-antananarivo/moramanga-est-antananarivo/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Moramanga ihany koa dia toerana lalovan'i lalaamasinina izay mapitohy Antananarivo sy Toamasina sy lalm-by makany Ambatondrazaka. 

Izy dia saika lemanaka avokoa ka didinina tendrombohitra Andrefana sy Atsinana izay mihaavo eo 980 m .

Ny disitrika an'i Moramanga dia manana fivondronana 26 manodinana azy ny taona 2020. 

Moramanga ihany koa no renivohitry foko Bezanozano. Ny disitrika Moramanga ihany koa no misy io foko Bezanozano io.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.chatpfe.com/monographie-du-district-de-moramanga/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 


Kolo-tsaina sy tantara 

Moramanga dia isany nimpoirany fifanorena taminy androny fanjahan-tany teto madagasikara.Izany hoe nanomboka tao Moramanga no fihetsiketsehina taminy fanoherana ny mpanjan-tany .&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://madagascar-green-island-discovery.com/moramanga/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  

==Renirano==
* [[Mangoro]] sy [[Samarirana]].
[[File:MoramangaDenkmal.jpg|thumb|left|Tsangambato eto Moramanga]]
[[File:MoramangaGrabGemälde2.jpg|thumb|left|Pasana]]
[[File:MoramangeGemäldeAmGrab2.jpg|thumb|left|Pasana]]
==Fiangonana==
* [[Fiangonan' i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara|FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara]]
* [[Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy|FLM - Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy]]
* [[Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina (Madagasikara)|Eglizy Katôlika]] 
**[[Diôsezin' i Moramanga]]
* FFPM
* Fiangonana Miara Manompo Moramanga
* [[Eklesia Episkopaly Malagasy|EEM Eklesia Episkopaly Malagasy]] (Anglican Church of Madagascar)
* Fiagonana Rhema Terre de Sel

==Tanàna rahavavy==
*{{FRA}} - [[Sainte-Suzanne]] any [[La Réunion]]

==Jereo koa==
*[[Ambatovy (orinasa)]]
*[https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/Moramanga%20Urban%20Profile%20%20Madagascar.pdf MADAGASCAR: PROFIL URBAIN DE MORAMANGA]

==Rohy ivelany ==
﻿{{Kaominina sy distrikan'ny Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro}}

{{reflist}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro]]
[[Sokajy:Tananan'i Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro]]
[[sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Moramanga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Damigny</title>
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{{infobox tanàna
|tanàna=Damigny
|sary=L'église de Damigny.jpg
|firenena={{Frantsa}}
|faritany=[[Normandie]]
|velarantany=4.81
|isam-ponina=2875
|ben'ny tanàna=Pascal Devienne
}}

I '''Damigny''' dia kaominina ao amin'ny fivondronan'i [[Arrondissement of Alençon|Alençon]], ao amin'ny departemantan'i [[Orne]], ao amin'ny faritr'i [[Normandie]], ao [[Frantsa]]. 
Ny INSEE dia mampiasa ny kaodim-paositra 61143.
I Pascal Devienne no ben'ny tanàna mandritry ny taona 2008&amp;ndash;2014. Ilay kaominina dia kaominina mpikambana amin'ny fivondronan-kaominin'i [[Communauté urbaine d'Alençon]]
== Jeografia ==

Ny isam-ponin'i Damigny dia 2875 mponina araka ny fanisana natao tamin'ny taona 2006.  Ny haavon'ny toerana ambany indrindra dia 140 metatra. Ny haavon'ny toerana avo indrindra dia 179 metatra. Ny fisiana ara-daharampehintany ary ara-daharanjarahasin'ilay kaominina dia 48.4483° ary 0.0742° amin'ny soratra desimaly.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT+1.

== Rohy ivelany ==
* [http://www.damigny.fr/ www.damigny.fr] {{Wayback|url=http://www.damigny.fr/ |date=20110720213759 }} : Tranonkala 
* [http://www.communes.com/recherche/?q=Damigny Eo amin'i www.communes.com]

&lt;references/&gt;


[[Sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritr'i Orne]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arçonnay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{infobox tanàna
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|firenena={{Frantsa}}
|faritany=[[Pays de la Loire]]
|velarantany=7.85
|isam-ponina=1911
|ben'ny tanàna=Denis Launay
}}

I '''Arçonnay''' dia kaominina ao amin'ny fivondronan'i [[Arrondissement of Mamers|Mamers]], ao amin'ny departemantan'i [[Sarthe]], ao amin'ny faritr'i [[Pays de la Loire]], ao [[Frantsa]]. 
Ny INSEE dia mampiasa ny kaodim-paositra 72006.
I Denis Launay no ben'ny tanàna mandritry ny taona 2008&amp;ndash;2014. Ilay kaominina dia kaominina mpikambana amin'ny fivondronan-kaominin'i [[Communauté urbaine d'Alençon]]
== Jeografia ==

Ny isam-ponin'i Arçonnay dia 1911 mponina araka ny fanisana natao tamin'ny taona 2006.  Ny haavon'ny toerana ambany indrindra dia 133 metatra. Ny haavon'ny toerana avo indrindra dia 191 metatra. Ny fisiana ara-daharampehintany ary ara-daharanjarahasin'ilay kaominina dia 48.3956° ary 0.0864° amin'ny soratra desimaly.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT+1.

== Rohy ivelany ==
* [http://www.ville-arconnay.fr/ www.ville-arconnay.fr] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ville-arconnay.fr/ |date=20100304015607 }} : Tranonkala 
* [http://www.communes.com/recherche/?q=Arçonnay Eo amin'i www.communes.com]

&lt;references/&gt;


[[Sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritr'i Sarthe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>David City, Nebraska</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{infobox tanàna
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|firenena={{Etazonia}}
|faritany=Nebraska
|velarantany=5.36
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|ben'ny tanàna=
}}

'''David City, Nebraska''' dia tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i [[Nebraska]], ao [[Etazonia]]. Ny kaodim-paositra dia 68632..

== Jeografia ==
 
Ny laharam-pehintaniny ary ny laharan-jarahasiny dia 41.2544444444 ary -97.1263888889.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT -6.

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Etazonia]]
** [[Nebraska]]
=== Rohy ivelany ===
* [http://davidcityne.com/ davidcityne.com] {{Wayback|url=http://davidcityne.com/ |date=20020109064719 }}


[[sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i Nebraska]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rafi-masoandro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>182891</id>
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      <text bytes="6981" sha1="bg3gsncrsy8g4iiwt243kmh1wxkug1j" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Solar System True Color MG.png|upright=1.5|thumb|Rafitry ny masoandro]]

Ny '''rafi-masoandro''' na koa '''rafitry ny masoandro''' dia vondrom-pajiry ahitana [[kintana]] iray na maro, ny [[Masoandro]]. Ny rafitry ny masoandrontsika dia ahitana fajiry valo ary [[volana]] 175, fajiry madinika dimy ary zavatra madinika an-davitrisany.

== Fiantsoana ==

Araky ny fanapahan-kevitra nataon'ny Vondron'ny hainkintana iraisam-pirenena tamin'ny 24 Aogositra 2006, dia voasokajy anaty sokajy telo ny zavatra ara-kainkintana misoridala-manodidin'ny Masoandro: ny fajiry (na planeta), fajiry madinika, ary ny zavatra madinika.

== Firafitra ary mpanorina ==

Ny singa lehibe indrindra ao amin'ny rafitry ny masoandro dia ny Masoandro, izay 99,85%-n'ny lanja fantatry ny rafitry ny masoandro, ary izay manjaka ny rafitra amin'ny lafin'ny vesa-jaka. 99%-n'ny lanja manontolon'ny lanja sisany ny fajiry etona lehibe. 

=== Halavirana ary mari-drefy ===

Refy ara-kainkintana (AU, avy amin'ny teny anglisy ''astronomical unit'') 1 ny halaviran'ny Tany amin'ny Masoandro. Arak'izany dia 0,0047 AU ny savaivon'ny Masoandro. 5,2 AU amin'i Masoandro ny halaviran'i Jiopitera, Neptiona izay fajiry lavitra indrindra amin'ny Masoandro dia manana halavirana 30 AU (4 500 000 000 km).

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 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Merkiora]] color:lightpurple from:46 till:70 shift:(0,14)
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Venosy]] color:redorange from:107 till:109 shift:(0,1)
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Tany]] color:oceanblue from:147 till:152 shift:(0,-12)
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Marsa]] color:coral from:207 till:249 shift:(0,-25)
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Jiopitera]] color:orange from:741 till:816
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Satorina]] color:yellow from:1350 till:1504
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Oranosy]] color:skyblue from:2735 till:3006
 bar:planets width:48 text:[[Neptiona]] color:blue from:4460 till:4537
 bar:dwarf_planets2 width:18 text:[[Ceres_(fajiry madinika)|Ceres]] color:tan2 from:381 till:446 shift:(0,-4)
 bar:dwarf_planets1 width:18 text:[[Pliotô]] color:lavender from:4437 till:7376 shift:(0,-4)
 bar:dwarf_planets2 width:18 text:[[Haumea_(fajiry madinika)|Haumea]] color:tan1 from:5158 till:7706 shift:(0,-4)
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 bar:dwarf_planets4 width:18 text:[[Eris_(fajiry madinika)|Eris]] color:lightorange from:5766 till:14595 shift:(0,-4)
 bar:dwarf_planets4 text:[[Masoandro|MASOANDRO]] color:yellow from:0 till:0.696 shift:(2,-20)
 bar:comet width:12 text:[[Kometan'i_Halley]] color:yellowgreen from:88 till:5251 shift:(0,-4)
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|0AU]] at:0
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|10_AU]] at:1326
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|20_AU]] at:2822
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|30_AU]] at:4318
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|40_AU]] at:5814
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|50_AU]] at:7310
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|60_AU]] at:8806
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|70_AU]] at:10302
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|80_AU]] at:11798
 bar:au shift:(1,-12) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|90_AU]] at:13294
LineData =
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 pos:(10,192) text:[[Refy_ara-kainkintana|AU]]
 pos:(10,182) text:[[Halava_ara-kainkintana|Masoandro]]
 pos:(20,15) text:Taptr. km\navy amin'ny masoandro
&lt;/timeline&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

=== Rafitry ny masoandro anaty ===

Ny Rafitry ny asoandro ia manonona ny faritra eo antenantenan'ny Masoandro ary ny fehin'asterôida, izay ahitana silikaty ary metaly. Mbola kely noho ny halaviran'i Jopitera ary Satorina ny halaviran'i zavatra akaiky indrindran'ny fehin'asterôida amin'ny Masoandro.

=== Rafitry ny masoandro ivelany ===
Any andafin'ny fehin'asterôida dia ahitana ny faritra anjakan'ny planeta etona goavana be. Ao koa dia ahitana ireo kometa fohy fotoana.

Ny zavatra hita ao amin'io faritra io dia zavamandry toa ny ranomandry, amôniaka, na metanina.

=== Faritra lavitra ===

Amin'ny faritra lavitry ny rafitry ny Masoandro kosa dia ahitana ny fonomasoandro (heliosheath/héliogaine), ny sisimasoandro (heliopause), ny rahon'i Oort ary ny rahon'i Hills.

==== Fonomasoandro ====
[[Sary:Voyager 1 entering heliosheath region.jpg|Sary maneho ny onja dona (bow shock), ny fonomasoandro, ary ny dona famaranana (terminal shock)|thumb|right]]
Voazara ho faritra roa ny heliôsfera (faritra anjakan'ny rivo-masoandro). Mandeha farany izay haingana ny rivo-masoandro hatreo amin'ny 95AU eo ho eo, izay in-telon'ny fahalaviran'i Plotô ary ny Masoandro. Rehefa mihoatra izay izy dia mifandona amin'ny rivotry ny kintana hafa. Mihamoramora ny fandehanany, voahelingelina ny fahdehany. Fonomasoando no iantsoana io faritra ihamoramoran'ny fandehany io. Ny sisimasoandro no antsoina ny faritra anjavonan'ny rivo-masoandro avy amin'ny Masoandro.

Miankina amin'ny fifandraisany amin'ny fari-kabakabaka iraisan-kintana ny endriky ny sisimasoandro. Rehefa miala amin'ny sisimasoandro (230 AU miala amin'ny masoandro), dia ahitana onjan-dona izay faritra plasma avelan'ny Masoandro amin'ny diany ao amin'ny Lalana Mandronono.

==== Rahon'i Oort ary rahon'i Hills ====
Ny rahon'i Hills dia faritra heverina, eo anelanelan'ny fehin'i Kuiper ary ny rahon'i Oort.

Ny rahon'i Oort dia faritra heverina fa misy zavatra mivaingana mahery ny 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; (iray miliara miliara) ary heverina fa toeram-piavian'ny kometa lava fotoana. Manomboka eo amin'ny 50 000 AU hatramin'ny 154 000 AU. Kely ny hafaingam-pihetsehan'ny zavatra ao amin'ny rahon'i Oort ary mety ho voahelingelin'ny kintana manakaiky, ny onja ara-bondron-kintana ary ny fifandonana ny fizotran'izy ireo.

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Hainkintana]]
* [[Fajiry|Fajiri]]n'ny Rafitry ny masoandro
**[[Merkiora]]
** [[Venosy]]
** [[Tany]]
** [[Marsa]]
** [[Jiopitera]]
** [[Satorina]]
** [[Oranosy]]
**[[Neptona|Neptiona]]

{{vangovango}}

[[Sokajy:Lahatsoratra 1000 tokony ananan'ny Wikipedia rehetra]]
[[Sokajy:Hainkintana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Angatra (aretina)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="902" sha1="serhcpjdif15qvdabswhbl6wwu25vqy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:PenicillinPSAedit.jpg|thumb|Dokam-barotra momba ny [[penisilinina]]: ''Ny penisilinina dia manasitranana ny angatra ao anatin' ny 4 ora'']]
Ny '''angatra''' dia aretina mifindra amin' ny alalan' ny [[firaisana ara-nofo]] vokatry ny ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', hitan' i [[Albert Neisser]] tamin' ny 1879. [[Antibiotika|Antibiôtika]] no anasitranana ny angatra, nefa manomboka misy ny [[otrikaretina]] tsy andairan' ny antibiôtika.
* Vehivavy 15-19 taona ary lehilahy 20-24 taona no tena voan' io aretina io.
* 2-7 andro ny fotoana iotrehany.
* Mety tsy ahitana famantarana ivelany io aretina io.
* Mety hahamora ny famindrana ny [[viriosy mahavery fiarovana]] (VIH) ny fananana io aretina io

==Jereo koa==
*[[Farasisa]]
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiôtika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

{{commonscat|Gonorrhea}}
[[sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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  <page>
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{{infobox tanàna
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|firenena={{Etazonia}}
|faritany=Iowa
|velarantany=4.84
|isam-ponina=2159
|ben'ny tanàna=
}}

'''Cascade, Iowa''' dia tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i [[Iowa]], ao [[Etazonia]]. Ny kaodim-paositra dia 52033..

== Jeografia ==
 
Ny laharam-pehintaniny ary ny laharan-jarahasiny dia 42.297535 ary 91.012215.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT -6.

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Etazonia]]
** [[Iowa]]
=== Rohy ivelany ===
* [http://www.cascadeiowa.org/ www.cascadeiowa.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cascadeiowa.org/ |date=20020523035643 }}


[[sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i Iowa]]</text>
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|firenena={{Etazonia}}
|faritany=Mississippi
|velarantany=55.3
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}}

'''Brandon, Mississippi''' dia tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i [[Mississippi]], ao [[Etazonia]]. Ny kaodim-paositra dia 39042, 39043, 39047..

== Jeografia ==
 
Ny laharam-pehintaniny ary ny laharan-jarahasiny dia 32.2802777778 ary -89.9983333333.
Ny faritr'ora dia GMT -6.

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Etazonia]]
** [[Mississippi]]
=== Rohy ivelany ===
* [http://www.cityofbrandon.net/ cityofbrandon.net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cityofbrandon.net/ |date=20160427020400 }}


[[sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritany mizaka tenan'i Mississippi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jean-Raymond Boulle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="10842" sha1="6mp7dp2sj1gxxukyrtvqxdt8m31a3d6" xml:space="preserve">I '''Jean'''-'''Raymond''' '''Boulle''' (teraka tamin' ny 10 Ôktôbra 1950)&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;McNish, J. (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oukJAQAAMAAJ The Big Score]''. Doubleday Canada. p. 36. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-385-25758-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; no mpanorina orinasa efatra manana tahirin' akorana [[nikela]] sy [[kôbalta]] sy [[fanitso]] sy [[titanina]] ary [[diamondra]].  

== Fizotran' ny asa aman-draharahany ==

=== Fiantombohany ===
I Boulle dia niasa ho an' ny ''De Beers Diamond Trading Company'' (DTC) nandritra ny 10 taona tao [[Zahirabad|Zaira]] sy [[Siera Leôna]] ary tany Anvers any [[Belzika]], avy eo namorona ny ''Boulle Inc''. tao Dallas any Texas any [[Etazonia]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/mining-promoter-boulle-hit-with-huge-tax-bill/article708526/ Mr. Boulle got his start in the business working in Africa for De Beers]&quot;. ''The Globe and Mail''.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny taona 1984 dia nanomboka nitrandraka [[diamondra]] izy tany  avy eo tany. Tamin' ny taona 1987 izy dia nanorina ny ''Arkansas Diamond Development Co''. izay nanao asa fitsirihana tao amin' ny valan-javaboary atao hoe ''Crater of Diamonds State Park'' tao Arkansas&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/mining-promoter-boulle-hit-with-huge-tax-bill/article708526/ Arkansas Allowing 4 Companies To Explore Public Diamond Mine]&quot;. ''The New York Times''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanambara izy fa misy diamondra mitentina 5 tapitrisa dolara ny ao, nefa tamin' ny taona 1996 dia nijanona izy noho ny fiheverany fa tsy mitera-boka-tsoa firy ny fitrandrahana izany&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.forbes.com/global/1998/0810/0109038a.htm Friends in high places]&quot;. ''Forbes''. 10 August 1998.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/ref&gt;.   

=== Ny ''Diamond Fields'' ===
Filohan' ny filankevitra sady mpanorina ary filohan' ny fitantanana no sady tompom-bola matanjaka ao amin' ny ''Diamond Field'' (''Diamond Fields Resources Inc''.) i Boulle&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.diamondfields.com/s/Management.asp Diamond Fields International Ltd. - Management – Thu Mar 23, 2017] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diamondfields.com/s/Management.asp |date=20170421060433 }}&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; izay nanomboka nifampiraharaha tamin' ny ''Vancouver Stock Exchange''  tamin' ny 6 Avrily 1993, ary tamin' ny faramparan' ny taona 1994 izy dia nahita akorana [[nikela]] sy [[varahina]] ary [[kôbalta]] tao amin' ny ''Voisey's Bay Mine'' tany Labrador any [[Kanada]]. Araka ny tombana natao dia misy 141 tapitrisa taonina ny ao amin' io tobim-pitrandrahana io ka ny 1,6 % dia nikela&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[:en:Voisey's_Bay_Mine|Voisey's Bay Discovery]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Niara-niasa i Boulle sy i Robert Friedland tao amin' ny ''Diamond Fields,'' ary tamin' ny taona 1996 dia novidin' ny ''Inco'' ny tetikasa fitrandrahana harena an-kibon' ny tany tao Voisey's Bay amin' ny vola mitentina 4 300 tapitrisa dôlara kanadiana&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.mining.com/web/infographic-the-story-of-voiseys-bay-the-auction The story of Voisey's Bay – the auction 'the total value' of the Voiseys bay deal was 'closer to $4.3 billion'&quot;]. Mining.com.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Ilay orinasan' i Boulle manaraka, ny ''Diamond Fields International,'' dia nandray anjara tamin' ny fitrandrahana ambany ranomasina izay nahazoany tombontsoa manerana ny tahiri-karena an-kibon' ny tany maneran-tany&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&amp;lng=en&amp;id=127818 Metalliferous Sediments in the Atlantis II Deep]&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ny ''American Mineral Fields'' ===
Ny ''Boulle Mining Group''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;[http://www.jboullemininggroup.com/ &quot;Jean-Raymond Boulle – Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2&quot;.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jboullemininggroup.com/ |date=20171215111333 }}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; nanorina ny foibentoerany ao [[Loksemborga|Luxambourg]] sady nanorina tamin' ny taona 1995 ny ''American Mineral Fields'', izay nomena ny anarana hoe ''Adastra Minerals'' taty aoriana. Ny ''Adastra Minerals'' dia nanatanteraka tetikasa momba [[harena an-kibon' ny tany]] tao amin' ny [[Repoblika Demôkratikan' i Kôngô]]. Ny ''Adastra Minerals'' dia novidin' ny ''First Quantum Minerals'' tamin' ny volana Aogositra 2006. Tamin' ny taona 2001, ny ''Boulle Mining Group Luxembourg'' dia nividy ny tetikasa ''Sierra Rutile Boulle Mining'' sy ny ''Sierra Minerals SML Bauxite Mine'' tao [[Siera Leôna]], ao [[Afrika Andrefana]], izay lasa isan' ny ''Titanium Resources Group''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;[https://www.faegrebd.com/74-million-aim-ipo-for-bvi-headquartered-mining-company-with &quot;AUGUST 2005 :'Titanium Resources Group Ltd. on its admission to AIM. The listing allowed the company to re-open its mines in Sierra Leone, restoring the country's position as a significant provider of raw materials to the world markets'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.faegrebd.com/74-million-aim-ipo-for-bvi-headquartered-mining-company-with |date=20171215111532 }}&quot;. FAEGRE BAKER DANIELS..&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Ny zanak' orinasany, dia ny ''Groenland Ore Resources Ltd''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;[http://nickelinvestingnews.com/tag/greenland-gold-resources &quot;Greenland gold resources News – Investing News Network&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://nickelinvestingnews.com/tag/greenland-gold-resources |date=20140310154940 }}.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, dia ao [[Groenlanda|Groenland]] ka mitrandraka [[nikela]], [[varahina]], [[kôbalta]], [[platinina]], [[titanina]] ary grafita (na [[manjarano]])&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=145508919 &quot;Metals and Mining – Company Overview of Boulle Mining Group S.A.R.L.]&quot; ''Bloomberg''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Asa hafa sahaniny ===
Ny ''Boulle Mining Group Luxembourg'' no mpampiasa vola matanjaka ao amin' ny ''World Titanium Resources''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.worldtitaniumresources.com/ World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldtitaniumresources.com/ |date=20170517193408 }}&quot;''.''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; izay orinasa aostraliana tompon' ny tahirina titanina voajanahary ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Toliara]] eto [[Madagasikara]], dia ny ''[[Toliara Sands]]''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://toliarasands.com/ &lt;small&gt;World Titanium Resources – Home Page – ASX: WTR&lt;/small&gt;] {{Wayback|url=http://toliarasands.com/ |date=20170520054459 }}&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;.  

Ny ''World Titanium Resources'' dia nofafana tsy ho ao amin' ny lisitra ASX tamin' ny 30 Janoary 2017 ka lasa fananan' ny ''World Titane Holdings Limited''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=139826255 World Titanium Resources To Delist From ASX]&quot;. ''Bloomberg''.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny volana Desambra 2017 ny ''Base Resources'' dia nanasonia fifanarahana mitentina 75 tapitrisa dôlara mba hahazoany ny fandraisana anjara 85 % ao amin' ny tetikasa ''Toliara Sands'' eto Madagasikara ao amin' ny ''World Titane Holdings Limited''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.mining-technology.com/news/base-resources-gain-85-interest-toliara-sands-madagascar/5 Base Resources to gain 85% interest in Toliara Sands, Madagascar&quot;]. Mining Technology.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Niara-niasa tamin' ny fitondram-panjakana [[Maorisy|maorisiana]] i Boulle ka izy no anisan' ny mpampiasa vola telo manara-maso ny ''Omnicane''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.omnicane.com/ Omnicane] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omnicane.com/ |date=20170502205633 }}&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; izay orinasa manana tany fambolena fary ao [[Maorisy]] sady mamokatra [[siramamy]] voadio. Ny ''Omnicane'' dia mamokatra ny 30 %n' ny herinaratra ao amin' io nosy io sady mamokatra koa ny 40 %n' ny [[angovo azo havaozina]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.omnicane.com/thermal-power-plants Omnicane generates around 30% of the annual electricity generated for the Grid and 40% of the country's renewable bagasse-based energy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omnicane.com/thermal-power-plants |date=20170605033414 }}&quot;''.''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tamin' ny volana Desambra 2014 ny orinasan' i Boulle atao hoe ''Tendyne Holdings Inc''. dia nanambara fa nahatafita fanoloana ny ampahan-javatra ao amin' ny fon' olombelona (fr.: ''valve mitrale''; ang.: ''mitral valve'') tao amin' ny toeram-pitsaboana ''Royal Brompton Hospital'' ao Londra any [[Angletera]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/media/press-releases/archive/worlds-first-implantation-of-new-heart-valve-at-royal-brompton-hospital/ 'World's first implantation of new heart valve at Royal Brompton Hospital'] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/media/press-releases/archive/worlds-first-implantation-of-new-heart-valve-at-royal-brompton-hospital/ |date=20171215111704 }}&quot;. NHS Foundation Trust.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fiampangana ==

=== Fanararaotana ny fahantran' ny Afrikana ===
Ampangaina ho nanararaotra ny fahantran' ny Afrikana i Boulle tamin' ny taona 1998 sady ho nanodinkodina ireo fitondrampanjakan' ny firenena ao [[Afrika]] tamin' ny taona 2000&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; niaraka amin' ny iray amin' ny orinasany, dia ny ''America Mineral Fields'', tao amin' ny volavolan-tatitry ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] momba ny fitrandrahana tsy ara-dalàna ny haren' ny [[Repoblika Demôkratikan' i Kôngô]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;UN reference draft S/2002/1146, 15 October 2002&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Ny tatitry ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] S/2003/1027 nalefan' ny sekretera jeneraliny [[Kofi Annan|Kofi A. Annan]] tamin' ny [[Filankevi-pilaminan'ny Firenena Mikambana|Filankevi-pilaminana]] tamin' ny 23 Ôktôbra 2003 dia nanala anarana orinasa maro, ka isan' izany ny ''America Mineral Fields''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202003%201027.pdf Secretary General of UN's Letter to Security Council enclosing Expert Panel Report S/2003/1027 dated 15 October 2003 on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)- ANNEXE I, Nº. 27, Page 2]&quot; (PDF). United Nations.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== '''Fiainany manokana''' ===
I Boulle dia mizaka ny zom-pirenena maorisiana ary monina any [[Monaco]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Jean Boulle Luxury (16 May 2017). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C0gyXGQcS4 &quot;Unveiling of the Sun King™ Diamond coating&quot;.] – via YouTube.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny taona 2007 izy dia nahazo ny mari-boninahitra ''Commander of the Order of the Rokel'', izay laharam-boninahi-pahamedrehana ambony indrindra ao [[Siera Leôna]], ho mari-pankasitrahana azy tamin' ny nanomezany aina indray ny toekaren' i Siera Leôna tamin' ny fitrandrahana ny [[titaniôma]] sy ny [[baoksita]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[http://im-mining.com/2007/05/09/sierra-leone-to-award-titanium-resources-founder-with-its-highest-honour/ Sierra Leone to award Titanium Resources founder with its highest honour]&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Rio Tinto]]
* [[QIT-Fer et Titane]]
* [[QIT Madagascar Minerals]]
* [[Toliara Sands]]

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>6mp7dp2sj1gxxukyrtvqxdt8m31a3d6</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:01:29Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <text bytes="3763" sha1="8syb0sn8zqn78lcj7kbeljveincpez1" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Malaria.jpg|vignette|Plasmôdiôma|264x264px]]
[[Sary:Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg|vignette|205x205px|[[Moka anôfela]]]]
Ny '''tazomoka''' dia [[areti-mifindra]] vokatry ny [[katsentsitra]] ao amin' ny vondron-karazana atao hoe [[plasmôdiôma]] (''[[Plasmôdiôma|Plasmodium]]''), miparitaka amin' ny alalan' ny kaikitry ny vavin' ny karazana [[moka anôfela]] sasany.

Olona 229 tapitrisa no marary ary 409&amp;nbsp;000 no maty tamin' ny taona 2019. Ny tazomoka no mbola aretina lehibe indrindra vokatry ny katsentsitra, izay mahazo ny zaza latsaky ny dimy taona sy ny vehivavy bevohoka indrindra. Ny 95&amp;nbsp;% amin' ny tranga dia any amin' ny firenena sivy amby roapolo, indrindra aty [[Afrika atsimon' i Saharà|Afrika atsimon' i Sahara]] (27 % any [[Nizerià]], 12 % any amin' ny [[Repoblika Demôkratikan' i Kôngô]], 5 % any [[Oganda]], 4 % any [[Môzambika]]).

Ny katsentsitry ny tazomoka dia mifindra indrindra amin' ny alina, amin' ny alalan' ny kaikitry ny moka vavy ao amin' ny vondron-karazana ''Anopheles'', izay mitondra ilay katsentsitra rehefa avy nanaikitra olona voan' ny tazomoka. Mamely ny selan' [[Aty|ati]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n' ilay marary ny katsentsitra, avy eo mivezivezy ao amin' ny [[ra]], mameno ny selamena ary mamotika azy ireo.

Karazan-biby mafana ra maro no tsentsefin' ny ''Plasmodiidae'', izay iharan' izy ireo. Amin' ny karazana 123 fantatra ao amin' ny vondron-karazana ''Plasmodium'', efatra ihany no mamely ny [[olombelona]] manokana: ny ''Plasmodium falciparum'' izay tompon' andraikitra amin' ny ankamaroan' ny fahafatesana, ary telo hafa izay miteraka endrika malemy kokoa sy tsy mahafaty amin' ny ankapobeny, dia ny ''Plasmodium vivax'',  ny ''Plasmodium ovale'' ary  ny ''Plasmodium malariae''.  Ny karazana ''Plasmodium knowlesi'', fahita any [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana]] saingy noheverina vao haingana ho katsentsitra manokan' ny [[rajako]] isan-karazany, dia fantatra ankehitriny fa misy fiantraikany amin' ny olombelona ihany koa, saingy amin' ny ankapobeny dia malefaka.
[[Sary:Artemisia annua.jpeg|vignette|263x263px|''[[Artemisia annua]]'', nampiasaina tany [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] nandritra ny 2&amp;nbsp;000 taona mahery mba hanamaivanana ny tazo.]]
Tamin' ny 6 Nôvambra 1880 no nahitan' ny dokotera frantsay iray, Alphonse Laveran, ny anton' io aretina io tao amin' ny hôpitaly miaramila any Constantine ([[Alzeria]]): ity dokotera ity dia nahazo ny [[Loka Nobel]] momba ny fiziôlôjia na ny fitsaboana tamin' ny taona 1907. Tamin' ny taona 1897 ny dokotera anglisy, Ronald Ross (Loka Nobel tamin' ny taona 1902) dia nanaporofo fa ny moka ''Anopheles'' no mpamindra ny tazomoka (hatramin' izao fotoana izao, ny rivotra maloto mivoaka avy amin' ny [[heniheny]] no noheverina ho tompon' andraikitra amin' ny fihanak' ilay aretina).

Tamin' ny 6 Ôktôbra 2021, ny [[Fikambanana Maneran-Tany momba ny Fahasalamana]] (frantsay: ''Organisation Mondiale de la Santé'' - OMS) dia nanoro hevitra ny hampiasana ny [[vaksiny]] iadiana amin' ny tazomoka RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) mahavoa ny ankizy aty amin' ny [[Afrika atsimon' i Saharà|faritra atsimon' i Sahara]] sy any amin' ny faritra hafa ahitana fifindran' ny tazomoka ''P. falciparum'' antonony na mahery.

==Tazomoka eto Madagasikara==
Antony fahefatra mahatonga ny fahafatesana eny amin’ny hopitaly ary mitana ny laharana faha-3 amin’ny tokony hanatonan’ny Malagasy ny tobim-pahasalamana ny tazomoka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/recherche?q=Malaria Malaria à Madagascar]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jereo koa==
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Farasisa]]
*[[Angatra (aretina)]]
*[[Antibiôtika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

{{commonscat|Malaria}}

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==
[[Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Itomampy</title>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)||Mananara Atsimo]]]]
'''Itomampy''' dia [[renirano]] manompo an' i [[Mananara]], mirefy 150 km, izay mipoitra ao amin' ny ilany atsinanan' i Vohimainty (Angolohoma), mikoriana avy atsimo mianavaratra ka manondraka an' i [[Befotaka]] sy an' i [[Midongy Atsimo]], ary mihaona amin' i [[Menarahaka]] sy [[Ionaivo]] izay samy miara-mivarina any amin' ny ony Mananara rehefa ay nizotra mianatsimo-atsinanana.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]
{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:00:21Z</timestamp>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)||Mananara Atsimo]]]]
'''Itomampy''' dia [[renirano]] manompo an' i [[Mananara]], mirefy 150 km, izay mipoitra ao amin' ny ilany atsinanan' i Vohimainty (Angolohoma), mikoriana avy atsimo mianavaratra ka manondraka an' i [[Befotaka]] sy an' i [[Midongy Atsimo]], ary mihaona amin' i [[Menarahaka]] sy [[Ionaivo]] izay samy miara-mivarina any amin' ny ony Mananara rehefa ay nizotra mianatsimo-atsinanana.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]
{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>36292</id>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)||Mananara Atsimo]]]]
'''Itomampy''' dia [[renirano]] manompo an' i [[Mananara]], mirefy 150 km, izay mipoitra ao amin' ny ilany atsinanan' i Vohimainty (Angolohoma), mikoriana avy atsimo mianavaratra ka manondraka an' i [[Befotaka]] sy an' i [[Midongy Atsimo]], ary mihaona amin' i [[Menarahaka]] sy [[Ionaivo]] izay samy miara-mivarina any amin' ny ony Mananara rehefa ay nizotra mianatsimo-atsinanana.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]
{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1137625</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:01:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)|Mananara Atsimo]]]]
'''Itomampy''' dia [[renirano]] manompo an' i [[Mananara]], mirefy 150 km, izay mipoitra ao amin' ny ilany atsinanan' i Vohimainty (Angolohoma), mikoriana avy atsimo mianavaratra ka manondraka an' i [[Befotaka]] sy an' i [[Midongy Atsimo]], ary mihaona amin' i [[Menarahaka]] sy [[Ionaivo]] izay samy miara-mivarina any amin' ny ony Mananara rehefa ay nizotra mianatsimo-atsinanana.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]
{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]</text>
      <sha1>1h9l36ydmxesm37b75u8vwvyfdsy7hg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Menarahaka</title>
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        <username>HarryWurst</username>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)||Mananara Atsimo]]]]
I '''Menarahaka''' dia renirano mivarina amin' ny ony [[Mananara]] Atsimo, izay mirefy 180 km, mipoitra avy ao amin' ny ilany andrefana amin' [[Andringitra]] Atsimo, ao Lamboany, ka mikoriana mankany atsimo-atsinanana ary mihaona amin' ny renirano [[Ionaivo]] sy [[Itomampy]] izay avy ao amin' ny [[Tangorom-bohitra|tangorom-bohitr]]' i Vohimainty, ka mamorona an' i Mananara.

Haavo: 575 m
== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]
{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]</text>
      <sha1>9hdxig07c29t50itw4b68i4fsgs41wb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ionaivo</title>
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[[File:Rijeka-Mananara.png|thumb|Ony [[Mananara Atsimo (renirano)||Mananara Atsimo]]]]
'''Ionaivo''' dia renirano eto [[Madagasikara]] mamorona ny ony [[Mananara]], mirefy 190 km, izay mipoitra ao amn' ny tendrombohitra Sahanasy (mirefy 1 782 km) amin' ny tangorom-bohitra Vohimainty. Avy atsimo mianavaratra aloha izy eo anelanelan' i Kalambatritra (manasaraka ny lohasahany sy ny an' i [[Onilahy (ony)|Onilahy]]) sy Angolohoma (manasaraka ny lohasahany amin' ny an' [[Itomampy]], izay renirano manondraka an' i Mananara ihany koa), avy eo mihodina an' Angolohoma mianatsimo-atsinanana alohan' ny hivarinany ao amin' ny renirano [[Menarahaka]] sy hamorona an' i Mananara.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]]

{{reflist}}
{{Renirano malagasy}}
[[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Faritra Atsimo-Atsinanana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Antibiôtika</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>1137654</id>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <text bytes="703" sha1="b6yf33w5i07meqtu9621kcw55u7wgmo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:PenicillinPSAedit.jpg|thumb|Dokam-barotra momba ny penisilinina: ''Ny penisilinina dia manasitranan' ny angatra ao anatin' ny 4 ora''|308x308px]]
Ny '''antibiôtika''' dia karazana fanafody miady amin' ny [[bakteria]]. Io no karazana fanafody lehibe indrindra hiadiana amin' ny [[otrikaretina]] vokatry ny bakteria, ary ny fanafody antibiôtika dia be mpampiasa amin' ny fitsaboana sy fisorohana ny [[aretina]] toy izany. Mamono na manakana ny fitomboan' ny bakteria izy io.

==Jereo koa==
*[[Farasisa]]
*[[Angatra (aretina)]]
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

[[Sokajy:Aretina]]
[[Sokajy: Fitsaboana]]
[[Sokajy:Rongony]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rotaka tamin' ny taona 1972</title>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Nandamina lahatsoratra</comment>
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      <text bytes="10839" sha1="b9nhsa3puf5t3gr4t58rfp7jgiiko97" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Madagascar74.178.jpg|vignette|350x350px|Ny rotaka tao [[Antananarivo]] no nahavoadoro ny Lapan' ny Tanàna tamin' ny taona 1972]]
Ny '''rotaka tamin' ny taona 1971-1972''' dia andiana hetsi-panoherana nataon' ny tantsaha sy ny mpianatra teto [[Madagasikara]] teo anelanelan' ny Avrily 1971 sy Mey 1972, izay nitarika ny firodanan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] teo amin' ny fitondran' i [[Philibert Tsiranana]], filoha voalohan' ny Repoblika Malagasy taorian' ny fahaleovantena tamin' ny taona 1960. Vanim-potoana niavaka teo amin' ny tantara pôlitika teto Madagasikara ny hetsi-bahoaka tamin' ny taona 1971-1972, voamariky ny fihetsiketsehana mahery vaika nanohitra ny fitondran' ny filoha Philibert Tsiranana.

== Zava-nisy manodidina ==
Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' i [[Frantsa]] indray i [[Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1960. Tsy tamin' ny fifidianana andraisan' ny daholobe anjara no nifidiana ny filoha voalohan' ny firenena, [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], fa natolotry ny [[Antenimieran-doholona]], ​​izay nanjakan' ny [[Parti Social Démocrate Malgache|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD) mpomba an' i Tsiranana. Ny PSD dia nateraky ny [[Parti des Déshérités de Madagascar]] (PADESM), antoko mpomba ny Frantsay, natsangan' ny [[Tanindrana]] ho setrin' ny fananganana ny [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache]] (MDRM) tamin' ny taona 1946 izay natsangan' ny [[Merina]], izay natahoran' ny Tanindrana maro fa mety hanandrana hamerina indray ny fitondrana merina tao amin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] talohan' ny [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|fanjanahan-tany]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny fitondran' i Tsiranana dia mbola nisy hatrany ny herin' ny Frantsay. Tamin' ny taona 1969, ny vahiny no nifehy ny 95&amp;nbsp;% amin' ny sehatry ny indostria môderina ary niantoka ny ampahefatry ny vokatry ny [[Voly fanondrana|voly rehetra fanondrana]]. Ny fivarotana entana vita hodina dia nofehezin' ny mponina avy any [[Azia Atsimo]], raha ny Frantsay kosa no tompon' ny orinasa mpanafatra sy mpanondrana entana&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p.&lt;/abbr&gt; 49.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Na dia niroborobo aza ny [[toekaren' i Madagasikara]] nandritra ny ampahany be amin' ny Repoblika Voalohany, dia nitotongana sy niharatsy ny fiainana teto Madagasikara tamin' ny faramparan' ny taompolo 1960, izay nateraky ny toekarena maneran-tany tamin' ny ankapobeny, saingy tsy nisy vokany ny ezaka nataon' i Tsiranana&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Nanomboka nitombo ny tsy fankasitrahan' ny vahoaka ny fitondrana Tsiranana. Anisan' ny nanakiana mafy azy i [[Monja Jaona]], mpanao pôlitika [[tandroy]] tao amin' ny antoko ''[[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar]]'' (MONIMA) izay efa niasa roa taona tamin' ny naha ben' ny tanànan' i [[Toliara]] azy (1959–1961) talohan' ny nandroahana azy. Nanomboka tamin' izay i Monja Jaona no lasa mpanohitra sy tompondakan' ny fitaomana ny sarambabem-bahoaka hanohitra ny pôlitikan' ny PSD, ao anatin' izany ny fifandraisana ara-toekarena sy ara-kolontsaina nahitana taratra ny [[fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao]] tamin' i Frantsa izay notohizan' ny sangany ara-pôlitika tao amin' ny PSD&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Nandritra ny folo taona voalohany nanjakan' ny PSD teo amin' ny pôlitika malagasy, dia nanjary niha tsy nifantoka tamin' ny tanjona iraisan' ny mpikambana ao amin' ny PSD ny fisorohana ny fifohazan' ny fahefan' ny [[Merina]] toy ny tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]] teo aloha, ary bebe kokoa ny fampitomboana ny tombontsoa ara-pôlitika sy ara-bola ho an' ny foko manokana misy azy. Tamin' ny taona 1970 dia nisy ny disadisa mafy teo anivon' ny PSD teo amin' ny fiaraha-miasan' ny mpikambana avy any avaratra sy andrefana – anisan' izany ny filohana Tsiranana – sy ny mpikambana any amin' ny faritra atsimon' ny Nosy, izay somary voailikilika sy nihamiombom-po amin' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Mba hanesorana an' i Monja Jaona sy hanapotehana ny antoko MONIMA, dia nanao tetika ny PSD ka nanatona an' i Monja Jaona ny minisitry ny Atitany [[André Resampa]] avy any [[Morondava]], tamin' ny 10 Marsa 1971, mba hanentana azy hitarika hetsika hanonganana an' i Tsiranana. Ny hetsika nataon' i Monja Jaona dia nahatonga ny PSD hisamborana ny mpitarika sy ny olo-malaza hafa ao anatin' ny fikomiana, izay nosakanan' izy ireo mba tsy hitomboan' izany ka hampidi-doza. Nanantena ihany koa ny mpanolotsaina an' i Tsiranana fa ny fisamborana an' i Monja Jaona dia hanakivy sy hampikorontan-tsaina ny mpanao pôlitika PSD any atsimo sy amin' ny tanàna misy azy ireo, ary hanamafy ny fifehezan' ny faritra avaratra ny antoko sy ny pôlitikan' ny firenena.

== Hetsi-panoheran' ny tantsaha ==
Nandrisika ny [[tantsaha]] mitam-piadiana hanao fihetsiketsehana tao [[Toliara]] i [[Monja Jaona]] tamin' ny fiandohan' ny volana Avrily 1971&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.mahaleo.com/ Mahaleo]&quot;, Laterit Productions, 2011. ()[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahaleo.com%2F arsiva]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Noravana tamin' ny didy ôfisialy tamin' ny 3 Avrily 1971 ny antoko [[MONIMA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tamin' ny  6 Avrily, i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] dia nanao lahateny tamin' ny onjam-peo izay nanome tsiny an' i Monja Jaona tamin' ny fandatsahan-dra vokatry ny fifandonana teo amin' ny pôlisy sy ny mpitolona mitam-piadiana ary niampanga azy ho [[Kômonisma|kômonista]]. Nolavin' i Monja Jaona mafy izany, ka nilaza ny tenany ho [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] hatramin' ny andro nahaterahany izy&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Raison-JFrançoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny 12 Mey dia tonga tao Toliara nihaona tamin' i Monja Jaona i Tsiranana sy ny minisitra enina, anisan' izany i [[André Resampa|Resampa]]. Nanaiky hiresaka amin' ny filoham-pirenena ihany ny mpitarika ny MONIMA raha azo atao amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] ny resaka fa tsy amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]], dia nanaiky an' izany i Tsiranana. Nambaran' i Monja Jaona fa nitady fomba hiaraha-miasa amin' ny filoham-pirenena izy, ka dia navoaka avy tao am-ponja&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247-248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Na dia efa voarava tamin' ny fomba haingana aza ny hetsika ary noravana ny [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|MONIMA]], dia nisy fiantraikany lehibe teo amin' ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka an' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] ny zavatra nataon' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Rava ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka malagasy ny tanindrazany ho firenen' ny moramora sy ny fiheverany ny filohany voalohany amin' ny maha-mpitarika madio azy, noho ny famoretana ilay hetsi-panoherana izay nazava fa tsy nisy herisetra&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Hetsi-panoherana nataon' ny mpianatra ==
Tamin' ny 24 Marsa 1971 dia nanomboka nanao hetsi-panoherana ny mpianatra tao amin' ny College de Medicine tao Antananarivo mba hanehoana ny fandavan' ny vahoaka ny pôlitika sy ny famoretana ataon' ny fitondran' ny filoha Tsiranana izay endrika vaovaon' ny fanjanahan-tany&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bertrand Lavaine, &quot;[https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar : Un livre témoignage à valeur patrimoniale]&quot; [[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232156/http://www.rfimusique.com/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar archive]], ''RFI musique'' (Radio France internationale), 22 février 2012.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Vetivety dia niely ny hetsi-panoherana ka nahitana mpianatra miisa 5&amp;nbsp;000 manerana ny tooeram-pianarana maro ao amin' ny [[Oniversiten' Antananarivo]]. Namaly izany i Tsiranana tamin' ny fanakatonana vonjimaika ny oniversite sy ny fandrarana ny fivorian' ny fikambanan' ny mpianatra, nefa mbola manome alalana ny vondron' ny mpianatra [[Sôsialisma|sôsialista]] miara-dia amin' ny PSD. Notaterin' ny fampahalalam-baovao ity hetsi-panoherana ity sy izay nitranga tao Toliara, nanentana ny mpianatra eny amin' ny [[lisea]] sy ny [[kôlejy]] mba hanao fihetsiketsehana ho firaisan-kina nanomboka tamin' ny 19 Avrily. Natsangana ny komity izay nahitana mpianatra, mpiasa amin' ny [[haino aman-jery]], [[mpisolovava]] ary olo-malaza hafa hitaky vaovao momba ireo voafonja nalefa any [[Nosy Lava]], izay niafara tamin' ny famotsorana haingana ireo Tatsimo notanana tao amin' ny fonjaben' ilay nosy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

Tamin' ny 24 Avrily 1972, nanao hetsi-panoherana ho firaisan-kina tamin' ny mpianatry ny oniversite mpitsabo ao an-tanàna ny mpianatry ny sekoly ambaratonga faharoa tao [[Antananarivo]] renivohitra mba hanohanana ny fanavaozana ny fandaharam-pianarana izay mbola ilay tamin' ny andron' ny [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|fanjanahantany]] sy handroahana ny mpampianatra frantsay&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar,'' Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 28-30.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Notifirin' ny mpitandro filaminana (ny [[forces républicaines de sécurité]] na FRS) ny mpianatra mpanao fihetsiketsehana tao Antananarivo tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 37-38.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vokatry ny rotaka ==
Afaka andro vitsivitsy dia nanambara ny fametraham-pialàny i Tsiranana ary napetraka ny fitondrana tetezamita teo ambany fitarihan' ny jeneraly [[Gabriel Ramanantsoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Ny tarika [[Mahaleo (tarika)|Mahaleo]], izay malaza eto [[Madagasikara]] dia noforonin' ny mpianatra teny amin' ny lisea izay nanao fihetsiketsehana tao amin' ny sekoliny tao [[Antsirabe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.

== Tahirin-kevitra ==

* Fanny Pigeaud, Mahaleo, ''40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-919702-01-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

* [[Françoise Raison-Jourde]] et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782811103958&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]]

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==</text>
      <sha1>b9nhsa3puf5t3gr4t58rfp7jgiiko97</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>1137579</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-07T14:42:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Nanitsy tsipelina</comment>
      <origin>1137579</origin>
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      <text bytes="10839" sha1="3jomhe2cr4xcb0p3mi5nvsrwknjw7r6" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Madagascar74.178.jpg|vignette|350x350px|Ny rotaka tao [[Antananarivo]] no nahavoadoro ny Lapan' ny Tanàna tamin' ny taona 1972]]
Ny '''rotaka tamin' ny taona 1971-1972''' dia andiana hetsi-panoherana nataon' ny tantsaha sy ny mpianatra teto [[Madagasikara]] teo anelanelan' ny Avrily 1971 sy Mey 1972, izay nitarika ny firodanan' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]] teo amin' ny fitondran' i [[Philibert Tsiranana]], filoha voalohan' ny Repoblika Malagasy taorian' ny fahaleovantena tamin' ny taona 1960. Vanim-potoana niavaka teo amin' ny tantara pôlitika teto Madagasikara ny hetsi-bahoaka tamin' ny taona 1971-1972, voamariky ny fihetsiketsehana mahery vaika nanohitra ny fitondran' ny filoha Philibert Tsiranana.

== Zava-nisy manodidina ==
Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' i [[Frantsa]] indray i [[Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1960. Tsy tamin' ny fifidianana andraisan' ny daholobe anjara no nifidiana ny filoha voalohan' ny firenena, [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], fa natolotry ny [[Antenimieran-doholona]], ​​izay nanjakan' ny [[Parti Social Démocrate Malgache|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD) mpomba an' i Tsiranana. Ny PSD dia nateraky ny [[Parti des Déshérités de Madagascar]] (PADESM), antoko mpomba ny Frantsay, natsangan' ny [[Tanindrana]] ho setrin' ny fananganana ny [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache]] (MDRM) tamin' ny taona 1946 izay natsangan' ny [[Merina]], izay natahoran' ny Tanindrana maro fa mety hanandrana hamerina indray ny fitondrana merina tao amin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] talohan' ny [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|fanjanahan-tany]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny fitondran' i Tsiranana dia mbola nisy hatrany ny herin' ny Frantsay. Tamin' ny taona 1969, ny vahiny no nifehy ny 95&amp;nbsp;% amin' ny sehatry ny indostria môderina ary niantoka ny ampahefatry ny vokatry ny [[Voly fanondrana|voly rehetra fanondrana]]. Ny fivarotana entana vita hodina dia nofehezin' ny mponina avy any [[Azia Atsimo]], raha ny Frantsay kosa no tompon' ny orinasa mpanafatra sy mpanondrana entana&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p.&lt;/abbr&gt; 49.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Na dia niroborobo aza ny [[toekaren' i Madagasikara]] nandritra ny ampahany be amin' ny Repoblika Voalohany, dia nitontongana sy niharatsy ny fiainana teto Madagasikara tamin' ny faramparan' ny taompolo 1960, izay nateraky ny toekarena maneran-tany tamin' ny ankapobeny, saingy tsy nisy vokany ny ezaka nataon' i Tsiranana&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Nanomboka nitombo ny tsy fankasitrahan' ny vahoaka ny fitondrana Tsiranana. Anisan' ny nanakiana mafy azy i [[Monja Jaona]], mpanao pôlitika [[tandroy]] tao amin' ny antoko ''[[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar]]'' (MONIMA) izay efa niasa roa taona tamin' ny naha ben' ny tanànan' i [[Toliara]] azy (1959–1961) talohan' ny nandroahana azy. Nanomboka tamin' izay i Monja Jaona no lasa mpanohitra sy tompondakan' ny fitaomana ny sarambabem-bahoaka hanohitra ny pôlitikan' ny PSD, ao anatin' izany ny fifandraisana ara-toekarena sy ara-kolontsaina nahitana taratra ny [[fanjanahantany amin' ny endriny vaovao]] tamin' i Frantsa izay notohizan' ny sangany ara-pôlitika tao amin' ny PSD&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Nandritra ny folo taona voalohany nanjakan' ny PSD teo amin' ny pôlitika malagasy, dia nanjary niha tsy nifantoka tamin' ny tanjona iraisan' ny mpikambana ao amin' ny PSD ny fisorohana ny fifohazan' ny fahefan' ny [[Merina]] toy ny tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]] teo aloha, ary bebe kokoa ny fampitomboana ny tombontsoa ara-pôlitika sy ara-bola ho an' ny foko manokana misy azy. Tamin' ny taona 1970 dia nisy ny disadisa mafy teo anivon' ny PSD teo amin' ny fiaraha-miasan' ny mpikambana avy any avaratra sy andrefana – anisan' izany ny filohana Tsiranana – sy ny mpikambana any amin' ny faritra atsimon' ny Nosy, izay somary voailikilika sy nihamiombom-po amin' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Mba hanesorana an' i Monja Jaona sy hanapotehana ny antoko MONIMA, dia nanao tetika ny PSD ka nanatona an' i Monja Jaona ny minisitry ny Atitany [[André Resampa]] avy any [[Morondava]], tamin' ny 10 Marsa 1971, mba hanentana azy hitarika hetsika hanonganana an' i Tsiranana. Ny hetsika nataon' i Monja Jaona dia nahatonga ny PSD hisambotra ny mpitarika sy ny olo-malaza hafa ao anatin' ny fikomiana, izay nosakanan' izy ireo mba tsy hitomboan' izany ka hampidi-doza. Nanantena ihany koa ny mpanolotsaina an' i Tsiranana fa ny fisamborana an' i Monja Jaona dia hanakivy sy hampikorontan-tsaina ny mpanao pôlitika PSD any atsimo sy amin' ny tanàna misy azy ireo, ary hanamafy ny fifehezan' ny faritra avaratra ny antoko sy ny pôlitikan' ny firenena.

== Hetsi-panoheran' ny tantsaha ==
Nandrisika ny [[tantsaha]] mitam-piadiana hanao fihetsiketsehana tao [[Toliara]] i [[Monja Jaona]] tamin' ny fiandohan' ny volana Avrily 1971&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.mahaleo.com/ Mahaleo]&quot;, Laterit Productions, 2011. ()[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahaleo.com%2F arsiva]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Noravana tamin' ny didy ôfisialy tamin' ny 3 Avrily 1971 ny antoko [[MONIMA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tamin' ny  6 Avrily, i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] dia nanao lahateny tamin' ny onjam-peo izay nanome tsiny an' i Monja Jaona tamin' ny fandatsahan-dra vokatry ny fifandonana teo amin' ny pôlisy sy ny mpitolona mitam-piadiana ary niampanga azy ho [[Kômonisma|kômonista]]. Nolavin' i Monja Jaona mafy izany, ka nilaza ny tenany ho [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] hatramin' ny andro nahaterahany izy&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Raison-JFrançoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny 12 Mey dia tonga tao Toliara nihaona tamin' i Monja Jaona i Tsiranana sy ny minisitra enina, anisan' izany i [[André Resampa|Resampa]]. Nanaiky hiresaka amin' ny filoham-pirenena ihany ny mpitarika ny MONIMA raha azo atao amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] ny resaka fa tsy amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]], dia nanaiky an' izany i Tsiranana. Nambaran' i Monja Jaona fa nitady fomba hiaraha-miasa amin' ny filoham-pirenena izy, ka dia navoaka avy tao am-ponja&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247-248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Na dia efa voarava tamin' ny fomba haingana aza ny hetsika ary noravana ny [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|MONIMA]], dia nisy fiantraikany lehibe teo amin' ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka an' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] ny zavatra nataon' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Rava ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka malagasy ny tanindrazany ho firenen' ny moramora sy ny fiheverany ny filohany voalohany amin' ny maha-mpitarika madio azy, noho ny famoretana ilay hetsi-panoherana izay nazava fa tsy nisy herisetra&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Hetsi-panoherana nataon' ny mpianatra ==
Tamin' ny 24 Marsa 1971 dia nanomboka nanao hetsi-panoherana ny mpianatra tao amin' ny College de Medicine tao Antananarivo mba hanehoana ny fandavan' ny vahoaka ny pôlitika sy ny famoretana ataon' ny fitondran' ny filoha Tsiranana izay endrika vaovaon' ny fanjanahan-tany&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bertrand Lavaine, &quot;[https://musique.rfi.fr/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar : Un livre témoignage à valeur patrimoniale]&quot; [[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232156/http://www.rfimusique.com/actu-musique/general/album/20120222-mahaleo-40-ans-histoires-madagascar archive]], ''RFI musique'' (Radio France internationale), 22 février 2012.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Vetivety dia niely ny hetsi-panoherana ka nahitana mpianatra miisa 5&amp;nbsp;000 manerana ny tooeram-pianarana maro ao amin' ny [[Oniversiten' Antananarivo]]. Namaly izany i Tsiranana tamin' ny fanakatonana vonjimaika ny oniversite sy ny fandrarana ny fivorian' ny fikambanan' ny mpianatra, nefa mbola manome alalana ny vondron' ny mpianatra [[Sôsialisma|sôsialista]] miara-dia amin' ny PSD. Notaterin' ny fampahalalam-baovao ity hetsi-panoherana ity sy izay nitranga tao Toliara, nanentana ny mpianatra eny amin' ny [[lisea]] sy ny [[kôlejy]] mba hanao fihetsiketsehana ho firaisan-kina nanomboka tamin' ny 19 Avrily. Natsangana ny komity izay nahitana mpianatra, mpiasa amin' ny [[haino aman-jery]], [[mpisolovava]] ary olo-malaza hafa hitaky vaovao momba ireo voafonja nalefa any [[Nosy Lava]], izay niafara tamin' ny famotsorana haingana ireo Tatsimo notanana tao amin' ny fonjaben' ilay nosy&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

Tamin' ny 24 Avrily 1972, nanao hetsi-panoherana ho firaisan-kina tamin' ny mpianatry ny oniversite mpitsabo ao an-tanàna ny mpianatry ny sekoly ambaratonga faharoa tao [[Antananarivo]] renivohitra mba hanohanana ny fanavaozana ny fandaharam-pianarana izay mbola ilay tamin' ny andron' ny [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|fanjanahantany]] sy handroahana ny mpampianatra frantsay&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar,'' Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 28-30.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Notifirin' ny mpitandro filaminana (ny [[forces républicaines de sécurité]] na FRS) ny mpianatra mpanao fihetsiketsehana tao Antananarivo tamin' ny 13 Mey 1972&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Fanny Pigeaud, ''Mahaleo, 40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010, p. 37-38.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vokatry ny rotaka ==
Afaka andro vitsivitsy dia nanambara ny fametraham-pialàny i Tsiranana ary napetraka ny fitondrana tetezamita teo ambany fitarihan' ny jeneraly [[Gabriel Ramanantsoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Ny tarika [[Mahaleo (tarika)|Mahaleo]], izay malaza eto [[Madagasikara]] dia noforonin' ny mpianatra teny amin' ny lisea izay nanao fihetsiketsehana tao amin' ny sekoliny tao [[Antsirabe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.

== Tahirin-kevitra ==

* Fanny Pigeaud, Mahaleo, ''40 ans d'histoire(s) de Madagascar'', Laterit éditions, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-919702-01-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

* [[Françoise Raison-Jourde]] et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782811103958&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]]

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==</text>
      <sha1>3jomhe2cr4xcb0p3mi5nvsrwknjw7r6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Habokana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:08:11Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <text bytes="3615" sha1="a23ysolko1v98ypgtioofyrx6prot39" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Leprosy_thigh_demarcated_cutaneous_lesions.jpg|thumb|Hoditra voan' ny habokana|401x401px]]
Ny '''habokana''', fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe '''aretin'i Hansen''', dia aretina maharitra avy amin'ny [[bakteria]] ''Mycobacterium leprae'' na ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Ity [[aretina]] ity dia mety hitarika amin'ny fahasimban'ny [[kozatra]], ny taovam-pisefoana, ny [[hoditra]] ary ny [[maso]].

== Tantara ==
Araka ny fifindran’ny olombelona voalohany, dia heverina fa tao [[Afrika Atsinanana]] no niandohan’ny habokana. Ny otrikaretin' ny habokana dia nandalo fiovana [[fototarazo]] kely nandritra ny fielezany maneran-tany, izay tena tsy fahita firy amin'ny [[bakteria]].

=== Andro Taloha ===
Ny habokana dia iray amin'ny aretina tranainy indrindra fantatra. Voarakitra an-tsoratra tamin'ny zavatra hita 4&amp;nbsp;000 taona tany [[India]], ankoatra ny toerana hafa.

Aretina fahita tamin’ny andron’ny [[Empira Rômana]] koa ny habokana, indrindra fa teo amin’ny mponina mahantra kokoa. Tamin'ny andron'i [[Cicero]], tamin'ny taonjato voalohany tal JK, dia hita tamin'ny akamaroan'ny mponina tany [[Grisy|Gresy]] sy [[Italia (faritra ara-jeografia)|Italia]] ny habokana.

=== Andro Antenatenany sy fiandohan'ny vanim-potoana môderina ===
[[File:Leprosy.jpg|thumb|Habokana]]
Ny habokana dia voarakitra an-tsoratra teo amin'ny [[Lômbarda (vahoaka)|Lombarrda]] tamin'ny taonjato faha-7 sy faha-8, nefa niely patrana koa tany amin'ny Fanjakana Franka.

Nanomboka tamin’ny taonjato faha-11, dia nisy endrika hospice manokana nanodidina ny tanàna lehibe: tranon' ny boka. Nisy hopitaly ho an’ny boka naorina tany [[Würzburg]] tamin’ny taonjato faha-11. Ny famerenana tsikelikely ny boka voailikilika teo aloha dia natao tamin’ny alalan’ny fepetran’ny Kônsilin' i Latran fahatelo tamin’ny taona 1179. Ny fihanaky ny habokana niely patrana kokoa tany [[Eoropa]] nandritra ny [[Andro Antenantenany|Andro Antenatenany]] dia matetika no lazaina fa ny [[Kroazada]]. Nahatratra ny fara tampony izy io tamin’ny taonjato faha-13 ary tsy hita tao amin’ny lisitry ny aretina mitaiza niely patrana tany [[Eoropa Afovoany]] tamin’ny faran’ny taonjato faha-16.

Nandritra ny fahitana ny lalana an-dranomasina nankany [[India]], ny fahitana an’i [[Amerika]], ny fanjanahana an’i Afrika, ary indrindra ny [[Fivarotana andevo|varotra andevo]], dia niparitaka tany [[Indonezia]], [[Afrika Andrefana]], ary Amerika, ary koa tany [[Karaiba]], [[Pasifika]], ary [[Brezila]] ilay aretina.

==Aty amin'ny firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana==
Any amin’ny [[Firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana|tany an-dalam-pandrosoana]] maro dia mbola olana lehibe ny habolana. Ny ankamaroan'ny olona voan' ilay aretina dia mipetraka any India, izay misy olona 110&amp;nbsp;000 mahery vao voan'ny aretina isan-taona. [[Brezila]] (tranga vaovao 25&amp;nbsp;000 mahery isan-taona) sy [[Indonezia]] (15&amp;nbsp;000 mahery) no tena voa mafy, nefa maro koa ny marary aty [[Afrika]].

=== Habokana eto Madagasikara ===
Manodidina ny 1&amp;nbsp;600 eo ho eo ny trangan'ny habokana eto [[Madagasikara]] isan-taona&lt;ref&gt;[https://ffl.lu/de/2018/01/en-finir-avec-la-lepre/ Fondation Follereau: En finir avec la Lepre]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Fitsaboana==
Amin'ny ankapobeny dia heverina ho azo sitranina ny habokana. Teo anelanelan'ny taona 1995 sy 2015, efa ho 16 tapitrisa ny marary notsaboina maneran-tany.
==Jereo koa==
*[[Farasisa]]
*[[Angatra (aretina)]]
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiôtika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==
[[Sokajy: Aretina]]
&lt;references /&gt;{{commonscat|Leprosy}}</text>
      <sha1>a23ysolko1v98ypgtioofyrx6prot39</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ninie Doniah</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>285295</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137569</id>
      <parentid>1135460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T13:26:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137569</origin>
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{{Infobox olona|anarana=Bezara Virginie Eliane (Ninie Donia)|teraka=1967|toerana=Nosy Be|firenena=Madagasikara|asa=Mpihira/Mpamorona|asa hafa=Mpikatroka amin'ny zon'olombelona||image=Ninie Donia01|sary=Ninie Donia01}}
[[Sary:Ninie Donia01.png|vignette|Ninie Donia]]
I '''Ninie Donia''' teraka '''Bezara Virginie Eliane''' dia vehivavy mpihira [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|malagasy]] sady mpamoron-kira amin' ny mozika [[salegy]] izay avy any amin' ny morontsiraka avaratr' i [[Madagasikara]], anisan' izany i [[Nosy Be]] izay toerana nahaterahany. Avy amin’ ny fianakaviana mpiangaly mozika izy: mpihira malaza amin’ ny vako-drazana [[jijy]] [[antankarana]] ny renibeny. Teraka tamin' ny taona 1967 izy ary maty tamin' ny 19 Nôvambra 2023.

== Ny mombamomba azy ==
Ny anarana  Donia amin'ny fiteny Antakarana dia midika hoe fiainana tsara.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voyagemadagascar.com/le-festival-donia&lt;/ref&gt;

=== mozika ===
Mpiangaly ny mozika nenti-paharazana salegy izy, Ary efa nantsoina  hoe &quot;Mpanjakavavin' ny [[Salegy]]&quot;, raha i [[jaojoby]] no &quot;Mpanjakan' ny Salegy&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/mayotte/madagascar-tristesse-et-colere-apres-la-mort-de-la-chanteuse-ninie-doniah-1445309.html&lt;/ref&gt; .’ Efa nitondra avo Ity gadona malagasy Ity hatrany ampitan-dranomasina i Ninie Donia. 

Efa maherin' ny enina ny raki-kiran' Doniah nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny taompolo 1990 &lt;ref&gt;https://www.linfo.re/ocean-indien/madagascar/madagascar-ninie-donia-la-reine-du-salegy-est-morte&lt;/ref&gt;ary nanohy nitety an' i [[Madagasikara]] sy ny nosin’ ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]] izy.

=== zon'olombelona ===
Ankoatry ny maha mpihira azy dia mpikatroka mafana fo amin' ny fiarovana ny [[Zon'ny vehivavy|zon' ny vehivavy]] izy ary nanohana tolona ara-pôlitika iadiana amin' ny fakana tsy ara-drariny tanin' olona tao Nosy Be.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.agencemalagasydepresse.com/editorial/ninie-donia/&lt;/ref&gt; Nahazo sazy higadra mandritra ny iraika ambin' ny folo volana izany amin' ny fiampangana azy ho manohintohina ny filaminam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovam-pirenena. Araka ny filazan' ny talen' ny fonja dia voan' ny [[Homamiadana|homamiadan]]' ny sarakaty izy i Ninie Donia ary maty teny an-dàlana avy ao am-ponja raha ho any amin' ny [[hôpitaly]] izay tokony hitsaboana azy any [[Antsiranana]]. Nodimandry tamin' ny 19 Nôvambra 2023&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20231120-madagascar-la-chanteuse-ninie-doniah-est-morte-%C3%A0-l-%C3%A2ge-de-56-ans&lt;/ref&gt; teo amin' ny faha-56 taonany i Ninie Doniah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://midi-madagasikara.mg/deces-de-ninie-doniah-entre-emotion-et-colere/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Mozika malagasy]]
* [[Kolontsaina malagasy]]
* [[Antankarana]]
* [[Zon' olombelona]]
* [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara]]

== Loharano ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>rvkygt1fgy47zzblm09n2kvow1f9msi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137570</id>
      <parentid>1137569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T13:38:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Nanisy sary</comment>
      <origin>1137570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2801" sha1="7wplbi4phrioloygbbew2yhofu5vbx1" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox olona|anarana=Bezara Virginie Eliane (Ninie Donia)|teraka=1967|toerana=Nosy Be|firenena=Madagasikara|asa=Mpihira/Mpamorona|asa hafa=Mpikatroka amin'ny zon'olombelona|Sary:Ninie Donia01.png|image=Sary:Ninie Donia01.png|sary=Sary:Ninie Donia01.png}}
[[Sary:Ninie Donia01.png|vignette|Ninie Donia]]
I '''Ninie Donia''' teraka '''Bezara Virginie Eliane''' dia vehivavy mpihira [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|malagasy]] sady mpamoron-kira amin' ny mozika [[salegy]] izay avy any amin' ny morontsiraka avaratr' i [[Madagasikara]], anisan' izany i [[Nosy Be]] izay toerana nahaterahany. Avy amin’ ny fianakaviana mpiangaly mozika izy: mpihira malaza amin’ ny vako-drazana [[jijy]] [[antankarana]] ny renibeny. Teraka tamin' ny taona 1967 izy ary maty tamin' ny 19 Nôvambra 2023.

== Ny mombamomba azy ==
Ny anarana  Donia amin'ny fiteny Antakarana dia midika hoe fiainana tsara.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voyagemadagascar.com/le-festival-donia&lt;/ref&gt;

=== mozika ===
Mpiangaly ny mozika nenti-paharazana salegy izy, Ary efa nantsoina  hoe &quot;Mpanjakavavin' ny [[Salegy]]&quot;, raha i [[jaojoby]] no &quot;Mpanjakan' ny Salegy&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/mayotte/madagascar-tristesse-et-colere-apres-la-mort-de-la-chanteuse-ninie-doniah-1445309.html&lt;/ref&gt; .’ Efa nitondra avo Ity gadona malagasy Ity hatrany ampitan-dranomasina i Ninie Donia. 

Efa maherin' ny enina ny raki-kiran' Doniah nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny taompolo 1990 &lt;ref&gt;https://www.linfo.re/ocean-indien/madagascar/madagascar-ninie-donia-la-reine-du-salegy-est-morte&lt;/ref&gt;ary nanohy nitety an' i [[Madagasikara]] sy ny nosin’ ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]] izy.

=== zon'olombelona ===
Ankoatry ny maha mpihira azy dia mpikatroka mafana fo amin' ny fiarovana ny [[Zon'ny vehivavy|zon' ny vehivavy]] izy ary nanohana tolona ara-pôlitika iadiana amin' ny fakana tsy ara-drariny tanin' olona tao Nosy Be.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.agencemalagasydepresse.com/editorial/ninie-donia/&lt;/ref&gt; Nahazo sazy higadra mandritra ny iraika ambin' ny folo volana izany amin' ny fiampangana azy ho manohintohina ny filaminam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovam-pirenena. Araka ny filazan' ny talen' ny fonja dia voan' ny [[Homamiadana|homamiadan]]' ny sarakaty izy i Ninie Donia ary maty teny an-dàlana avy ao am-ponja raha ho any amin' ny [[hôpitaly]] izay tokony hitsaboana azy any [[Antsiranana]]. Nodimandry tamin' ny 19 Nôvambra 2023&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20231120-madagascar-la-chanteuse-ninie-doniah-est-morte-%C3%A0-l-%C3%A2ge-de-56-ans&lt;/ref&gt; teo amin' ny faha-56 taonany i Ninie Doniah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://midi-madagasikara.mg/deces-de-ninie-doniah-entre-emotion-et-colere/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Mozika malagasy]]
* [[Kolontsaina malagasy]]
* [[Antankarana]]
* [[Zon' olombelona]]
* [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara]]

== Loharano ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7wplbi4phrioloygbbew2yhofu5vbx1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andefapony</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>285415</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137626</id>
      <parentid>1070432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:07:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137626</origin>
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      <text bytes="627" sha1="6n1mj95nt6g0y2h64j8d80cldhgz17o" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>6n1mj95nt6g0y2h64j8d80cldhgz17o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137627</id>
      <parentid>1137626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:11:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="640" sha1="miun6uueav6ivra6nhn5eyf6wft758e" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053
|haavo = 575
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>miun6uueav6ivra6nhn5eyf6wft758e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137628</id>
      <parentid>1137627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:23:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="756" sha1="4wdqtj4wsch0dpcefogmhv854xanqk1" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053&lt;ref&gt;[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Census 2018]&lt;/ref&gt;
|haavo = 575
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>4wdqtj4wsch0dpcefogmhv854xanqk1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137629</id>
      <parentid>1137628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:24:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137629</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="772" sha1="5e65f3ad7ykpw1qjyti94dlt43u8tk3" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053&lt;ref&gt;[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Census 2018]&lt;/ref&gt;
|haavo = 575
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

== Jereo koa ==
{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>5e65f3ad7ykpw1qjyti94dlt43u8tk3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137630</id>
      <parentid>1137629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="830" sha1="psxlaoh73khibke9fl3ebyrjlfl4my1" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053&lt;ref&gt;[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Census 2018]&lt;/ref&gt;
|haavo = 575
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

Eo amoron'ny Reniranon'i [[Ionaivo]] no misy ny tanàna.

== Jereo koa ==
{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>psxlaoh73khibke9fl3ebyrjlfl4my1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137631</id>
      <parentid>1137630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="895" sha1="0uwe3hnoam8sintnnc2h5d2l0uqpcy6" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
{{infobox tanàna
|anarana=Andefapony
|faritany=[[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa‎|Fianarantsoa]]
|faritra=[[Faritra Fitovinany]]
|isam-ponina=5053&lt;ref&gt;[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Census 2018]&lt;/ref&gt;
|haavo = 575
|firenena={{Madagasikara}}
|sary = 
}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - Andefapony]] 
'''Andefapony''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikongo]], [[Faritra Fitovinany]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 5053 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.

Eo amoron'ny Reniranon'i [[Ionaivo]] sy ny lalana rarivato laharana [[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]]  no misy ny tanàna.

== Jereo koa ==
{{reflist}}

{{Fitovinany}}
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]]
[[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Fitovinany]]</text>
      <sha1>0uwe3hnoam8sintnnc2h5d2l0uqpcy6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hatina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>287161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137656</id>
      <parentid>1075535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:08:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="826" sha1="mbya09opw22be8xcpqm9rkpcddyu1vw" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Sarcoptes scabei 2.jpg|vignette|Renihatina, bibikely miteraha ny hatina]]
Ny '''hatina''' na '''lagaly''' dia areti-koditra mifindra miteraka ferifery sy mangidihidy, vokatry ny bibikely [[katsentsitra]] bitika atao hoe renihatina (''Sarcoptes scabiei''), izay tsy hita raha tsy jerena amin' ny alalan' ny [[Mikraoskaopy|fanitajery]]. Miankina amin' ny zana-karazan' io katsentsitra io no anavahana ny hatina mpahazo ny olombelona sy ny hatina mpahazo manokana ny [[biby mampinono]] hafa. Amin' ny elakelaky ny rantsan-tanana sy ny rantsan-tongotra no anombohany, avy eo miparitaka  manerana ny tena manontolo. Ireto ny anarana mety ahafantarana ny hatina koa: '''ankirigadra''', '''keligadra''', '''kia''', '''kirigadra''' ary '''lavahaotra'''.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>mbya09opw22be8xcpqm9rkpcddyu1vw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Voaramontsina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>291036</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137618</id>
      <parentid>1136803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T03:49:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Madagasikara */</comment>
      <origin>1137618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5395" sha1="e7s70689yi33tks9sf9mvpojbess8ce" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Vaccinium corymbosum in The Netherlands.jpg|thumb|Ny Amerikanina ''Vaccinium corymbosum'' [[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''myrtilles'' ]]
Ny '''voaramontsina''' na '''Voaramontsana''' na '''voantsikitra''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry]] mamony, ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''Ericaceae''. teratany eto [[Madagasikara]] ary hita any amin' ny faritra avaratra amin' i [[Môzambika]]. '''''Vaccinium emirnense''''' na '''''Vaccinium madagascariense''''' ny anarany ara-tsiansa. Ity karazana ity dia [[hazobotry]] maniry indrindra amin' ny faritra ambanin' ny zana-pehin-tany&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Plants of the World Online, &quot;''[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A334508-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com Vaccinium madagascariense]''&quot;, ''powo.science.kew.org''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] izy dia atao hoe '''lamoty''' koa nefa tsy tokony hampitovina amin' ny [[ramontsy]] izay atao hoe ''lamoty'' koa.

Karazana hazobotry mirefy 2 ka hatramin' ny 4&amp;nbsp;m ny haavony, manana ravina maitso mandavan-taona. Mena mainty ny voany rehefa masaka, mitovy habe amin' ny serizy, ary mivondrona madinika toy ny voaloboka&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;H. Perrier de la Bathie, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0370-3681_1924_num_4_38_4224 Sur quelques Plantes non cultivées de Madagascar à fruits comestibles ou utiles et sur la possibilité de leur culture.]&quot;, Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée  Année 1924  38  pp. 652-663, ''www.persee.fr''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Mme Yvonne Trochain , &quot;'''[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0370-3681_1933_num_13_141_5233 Les Vaccinium comestibles (Suite et fin)]'''&quot;, Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée  Année 1933  141  pp. 319-329, ''www.persee.fr''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Ity karazana ity dia tsy misy afa-tsy eto [[Madagasikara]], izay ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana isan-karazany&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.chatpfe.com/etude-de-la-maturation-des-fruits-de-voaramontsina-vaccinium-emirnense-ericaceae/ Etude de la maturation des fruits de &quot;Voaramontsina&quot; (''Vaccinium emirnense''-''Ericaceae'')]&quot;, ''www.chatpfe.com''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Na dia tsy betsaka aza ny antontan-kevitra vosoratra momba ny fampiasana manokana ny voantsikitra, ny karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny vondrona ''Vaccinium'' dia be mpitady amin' ny ankapobeny noho ny toetrany azo atao fanafody sy miaro amin' ny sela sy ny môlekiola ao amin'ny tenan' ny olombelona, ary ny voany dia azo hanina&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Amin' ny ankapobeny, ny ''Vaccinium'' dia fantatra noho ny tombontsoany ara-pahasalamana azo avy aminy, indrindra noho ny fisian' ny antôsianinina sy ny pôlifenôlika hafa ao anatiny. Na izany aza, voafetra ihany ny fanadihadiana manokana momba ny ''Vaccinium emirnense''.

== Zavamaniry ambolena ==
[[File:Några lingon.jpg|thumb|''Airelle rouge'' (''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'']]
[[File:Vaccinium vitis-idaea L..jpg|thumb|''Vaccinium vitis-idaea '']]
Ny karazana ''Vaccinium'' 450 ka hatramin'ny 500 dia hita indrindra any amin'ny Ila Bolantany Avaratra.

Ny karazana mahazatra indrindra any [[Eoropa]] dia ny ''Myrtille'' na manga (''Vaccinium myrtillus'') sy ny ''Airelle rouge'' (''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'').

Mifanohitra amin'izany, ny manga ambolena matetika hita any amin'ny toeram-pivarotana lehibe Eoropeana dia tsy avy amin'ny myrtille Eoropeana teratany, fa avy amin'ny manga amerikana (''Vaccinium corymbosum'') sy ireo karazana hafa any Amerika Avaratra.

Satria mazava ny lokon'ny nofony, dia tsy mandoko manga ny vavany raha hohanina manta.


Ny Voaramontsina dia mitaky tany tsy dia misy fotony loatra, loko mena, ary pH ambany (4-5.5 ph).

==Madagasikara==
*'''Vaccinium littorale'''  (Hazo jerena eny amin'ny fasika amorontsiraka atsinanana izy ireo)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0370-3681_1924_num_4_38_4224  H. Perrier de la Bathi, 1924. Sur quelques Plantes non cultivées de Madagascar à fruits comestibles ou utiles et sur la possibilité de leur culture. - Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée  Année 1924  38  pp. 652-663]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Vaccinium emirnense'''   Hook,  (kiraro mirefy 2 ka hatramin'ny 3 m ny haavony,  Madagasikara Avaratra sy Afovoany; 800-2500m, ([[Betsimisaraka]]: ''voantsikitra''))
* '''Vaccinium andringitrense'''  H. Perrier de la Bathie (karazana manana voaroy lehibe, hita eny amin'ny toerana avo)
* '''Vaccinium madagascariense''' (Thouars ex Poir.) Sleumer&lt;ref&gt;[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:334508-1 Kew Royal Botanical Garden]&lt;/ref&gt; - Kirihitra, avy any avaratra ka hatrany atsimon'i Madagasikara (Fort-Dauphin), morontsiraka atsinanana, tany afovoany&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gbif.org/species/4171072 gbif.org]&lt;/ref&gt; Kirihitra kely. Mifandimby sady boribory lavalava ny raviny. Miendrika silaka eo amin'ny fotony izy ireo. Kely ny nifiny. Mivondrona ao amin'ny vatan'ny sampany ny tsimoka voninkazo. Voaroy mena ny voany. 800-2500m&lt;ref&gt;[https://edibleplantdb.org/plants/32013/vaccinium-madagascariense Edibleplants]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Vaccinium secundiflorum''' Hook. ([[Fiteny malagasy|malagasy]]:''Kitiboka'' - Betsileo: ''Hazombohoka''), Madagasikara Avaratra sy Afovoany. Karazan-kazo izay fihinana ary tsara ny voany.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Lamoty]] (mitovy anarana)

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==

[[de:Heidelbeeren]]
[[Sokajy:Vaccinium]]
[[Sokajy : Hazo fihinam-boa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kôlerà</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>293169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137645</id>
      <parentid>1119063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:57:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Kolera]] ho [[Kôlerà]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1119063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="957" sha1="nc14yaemh6tv4rf3ag03mij84x9ec59" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Adult cholera patient.jpg|thumb|Adult cholera patient|289x289px]]
Ny '''kolera''' (fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe '''''Cholera asiatica''''' na '''kolera aziatika''') dia otrikaretina [[bakteria]] lehibe indrindra amin'ny tsinay kely vokatry ny bakteria ''Vibrio cholerae''.[[File:Choleraverbreitung (deutsch).PNG|thumb|Ny fihanaky ny kolera eran-tany (tamin'ny 2004)]]Matetika ny [[otrikaretina]] dia avy amin'ny [[rano]] fisotro na [[sakafo]] voaloto. Ny bakteria dia mety miteraka aretim-pivalanana mafy sy fandoavana mafy.

==Kolera eto Madagasikara==
Teto [[Madagasikara]] dia tany [[Boeny]] no nitrangan’ny valanaretina kolera farany tamin’ny taona 1999. 1&amp;nbsp;600 no maty.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gavi.org/fr/vaccineswork/marquee-epidemies-passees-madagascar-prete-barrer-route-cholera Epidemies à Madagascar]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jereo koa==
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiotika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kolera]]


{{commonscat|Cholera}}

[[ Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137647</id>
      <parentid>1137645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:59:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nandamina lahatsoratra</comment>
      <origin>1137647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="983" sha1="rvouq85u965jruip79gyk4dnc5b2url" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Adult cholera patient.jpg|thumb|Olon-dehibe mararin' ny kôlerà|333x333px]]
Ny '''kôlerà''', izay fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe '''''Cholera asiatica''''' na '''kôlerà aziatika''', dia otrikaretina [[bakteria]] lehibe indrindra amin'ny tsinay kely vokatry ny bakteria ''Vibrio cholerae''.[[File:Choleraverbreitung (deutsch).PNG|thumb|Ny fihanaky ny kolera eran-tany (tamin'ny 2004)]]Matetika ny [[otrikaretina]] dia avy amin'ny [[rano]] fisotro na [[sakafo]] voaloto. Ny bakteria dia mety miteraka aretim-pivalanana mafy sy fandoavana mafy.

==Kôlerà eto Madagasikara==
Teto [[Madagasikara]] dia tany [[Boeny]] no nitrangan’ny valanaretina kôlerà farany tamin’ny taona 1999 ka 1&amp;nbsp;600 no maty.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gavi.org/fr/vaccineswork/marquee-epidemies-passees-madagascar-prete-barrer-route-cholera Epidemies à Madagascar]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jereo koa==
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiotika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kolera]]


{{commonscat|Cholera}}

[[ Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
      <sha1>rvouq85u965jruip79gyk4dnc5b2url</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137649</id>
      <parentid>1137647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:00:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1027" sha1="q679zbvzl7i85f44d0em9qbosz9pfe7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Adult cholera patient.jpg|thumb|Olon-dehibe mararin' ny kôlerà|333x333px]]
Ny '''kôlerà''', izay fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe '''''Cholera asiatica''''' na '''kôlerà aziatika''', dia otrikaretina [[bakteria]] lehibe indrindra amin'ny tsinay kely vokatry ny bakteria ''Vibrio cholerae''.[[File:Choleraverbreitung (deutsch).PNG|thumb|Ny fihanaky ny kolera eran-tany (tamin'ny 2004)]]Matetika ny [[otrikaretina]] dia avy amin'ny [[rano]] fisotro na [[sakafo]] voaloto. Ny bakteria dia mety miteraka aretim-pivalanana mafy sy fandoavana mafy.

==Kôlerà eto Madagasikara==
Teto [[Madagasikara]] dia tany [[Boeny]] no nitrangan’ny valanaretina kôlerà farany tamin’ny taona 1999 ka 1&amp;nbsp;600 no maty.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gavi.org/fr/vaccineswork/marquee-epidemies-passees-madagascar-prete-barrer-route-cholera Epidemies à Madagascar]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jereo koa==
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiôtika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]


{{commonscat|Cholera}}

[[ Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Farasisa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>293173</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137651</id>
      <parentid>1114037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:03:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137651</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1421" sha1="erdblo4ldup3crqgohkvucwekm3fvoi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ulcus-durum-am-Penis-01.jpg|thumb|Farasisa' amin' ny [[filahiana]]|360x360px]]
Ny '''Farasisa''' dia areti-mifindra mitaiza izay anisan'ny vondrona [[aretina]] azo avy amin' ny firaisana&lt;ref&gt;[https://miremby.mg/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=7512 Farasisa et syphilis. Rakotomanga, Y.M., Université d'Antananarivo]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ny antony mahatonga ny farasisa dia ny [[bakteria]] ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. Mifindra amin' ny alalan' ny [[firaisana ara-nofo]] amin' ny alalan' ny fifandraisana amin' ny tsiranoka sy avy amin' ny olona tsirairay ny farasisa. Mandritra ny [[fitondrana vohoka]] sy ny fiterahana, ny reny voan' ny aretina dia mety hamindra amin' ny zanany.[[File:TreponemaPallidum.jpg|thumb|''Treponema pallidum'' (amin'ny alalan'ny mikraoskaopy)]]Miseho amin' ny fomba isan-karazany ilay aretina. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia manomboka amin' ny fery misy tsiranoka tsy misy fanaintainana sy ny fivontosan' ny lymph node ilay aretina. Ao amin' ny olona sasany, ny aretina dia mandroso mankany amin' ny dingana mitaiza izay misy fiantraikany amin' ny [[hoditra]] sy [[taova]] maro. Amin' ny dingana farany dia potika ny rafi-pitatitra foibe.

==Jereo koa==
*[[Angatra (aretina)]]
*[[Tazomoka]]
*[[Antibiotika|Antibiôtika]]
*[[Gripa]]
*[[Habokana]]
*[[Kôlerà]]
*[[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano sy fanamarihana ==
{{reflist}}

[[Sokajy:Aretina]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tosi-dra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>295424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137674</id>
      <parentid>1133409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10953" sha1="1gsb38oabz18j8sadi6dj73ozwrndqe" xml:space="preserve">
[[Sary:Combined_Task_Force_151_-_090207-N-3931M-228.jpg|vignette|Fandrefesana tosi-dra|324x324px]]
Ny '''tosi-dra''', na ny '''tosidra''' dia hery na tosika ao amin' ny [[ra]] ao amin' ny [[lalandra]] (fikorian-dra lehibe). Ny tosi-dra dia hery manenjana ny lalandra.

Miseho amin' ny sanda roa izy, dia ny tosika sistôlika (SBP): tosi-dra ambony indrindra amin' ny fotoana fivonkonan' ny ny [[fo]]; sy ny tosika diastôlika (DBP): tosika ambany indrindra amin' ny fotoana fialan-tsasatry ny fo.

Ny ''Pascal'' no refy iraisam-pirenena handrefesana ny todi-dra. Na izany aza, matetika refesina amin' ny santimetatra merkiora (smHg), na milimetatra merkiora (mmHg).

Ohatra:

* &quot;roa ambin'ny folo/valo&quot; (12/8): midika hoe tosika sistôlika 12 smHg sy tosika diastôlika 8 smHg;
* &quot;roapolo amby zato/valopolo&quot; (120/80): midika hoe tosika sistôlika 120 mmHg sy tosika diastolika 80 mmHg, izay mitovy amin' ny ohatra etsy ambony.

Ny fiakaran' ny tosi-dra dia voafaritra amin' ny sanda mihoatra ny 140/90 mmHg, mahalana kokoa ny 130/80 mmHg amin' ny tranga manokana.

Raha lazaina amin'ny endrika isa tokana ny tosi-dra, dia:

* ny tosika systolika irery, izay ampiasain' ny olo-tsotra;
* ny salan' ny tosi-dra na salan' ny tsindrin' ny lalandra (PAM), ampiasain' ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamana, izay kajina toy izao manaraka izao:

&lt;center&gt;&lt;math&gt; PAM = \frac {PAS+2PAD }{3} &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

* ny tosi-dra mitempo be (PAS-PAD).

== Fiovaovana fiziôlôjika ==
Ny tosi-drà dia vokatry ny fifandraisana ber pitsiny eo amin' ny rafitra samihafa. Ho fanamorana, azo jerena araka ny  fikorianan' ny ra sy ny tohitry  ny fandalovany ao amin' ny lalandra noho izy madity. Miankina mivantana amin' ny taha sy ny herin' ny fitempon' ny [[fo]], sy ny antony hafa ny fitempon' ny fo.

Ny rafitry ny fandaminana:

* hozatra: fanalalahana (lalan-drà) ataon'ny &quot;nerf vague&quot; miaraka amin'ny fampihenana ny fitempon'ny fo;
* humoral (momba ny ranoky ny taova), izany hoe famokarana akora simika hiditra ao amin'ny vatana rehetra ary miasa an-davitra):
** adrenalina sy noradrenalina (vokarin'ny &quot;glandes médullo-surrénales&quot;) ka mahatonga ny fitempon'ny fo haingana kokoa,ny 
** ny rafitra &quot;rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone&quot;, ny &quot;rénine&quot; vokarina eo amin'ireo sela &quot;juxtaglomérulaires&quot;, dia ahafahana manova ny angiotensinogène (vokarin'ny aty) ho angiotensine,
** &quot;vasopressine peptide&quot; vokarina eo amin'ny &quot;neurohypophyse&quot;),
** rafitra mampisokatra lalan-drà amin'ny rafi-tsela.

Manazava ny fiovaovan'ny sadan'ny tosi-drà isa-minitra eo amin'ny olona iray izany:  amin'ny ankaponey, ny ezaka ny rari-tsaina no mampiakatra ny tosi-drà, mampihena azy ny fialan-tsasatra.

Noho izany, miankina amin'ny anton-javatra maro ny fandrefesana ny tosi-drà, ka tsara raha mandry, na eo am-pialàna sasatra no hitsapana ny tosi-drà; tsy tokony hanao tsirambina ihany koa ny tahotra ho tsaboina eny anivon'ny hopitaly (effet blouse blanche) satria mahatonga ny fiakaran'ny tosi-dràn'ny marary noho ny tebiteby vokatry ny fitsapana tosi-drà. Mila hamarinina ihany koa ny toeran'ny fitaovana fitsapana tosi-drà, ilay atsofoka eo amin'ny sandry: satria raha kely loatra ilay fitaovana atsofoka eo amin'ny sandry dia mety hisy fiakarana ny tosi-drà.

Amin'ny ankapobeny dia avo kokoa ny tosi-drà amin'ny sandry mibahan-toerana (ny sandry havanana ho an'ny  olona ankavanana, ny sandry havia ho an'ny olona ankavia)  .
== Refy ==

=== Fitaovana ===
[[Sary:Sphygmomanometer.jpg|vignette|Sphygmomanometer sy stethoscope klasika.]]
[[Sary:2017_Sfigmomanometr_elektroniczny.jpg|vignette|Fanaraha-maso tosi-drà elektronika mandeha ho azy mampiseho ny tosidra systolika sy diastolika.]]
[[Sary:Tensiomètre_Emile_Spengler.jpg|vignette|Spengler Vaquez Labry karazana fitsapana tosi-drà, 1910]]
Amin'ny ankapobeny dia tsapaina amin'ny fitaovana atsofoka amin'ny sandry ambontsina manodidina amin'ny alalan'ny &quot;manomètre&quot; ny tosi-drà, izay mety ho fitaovana antsoina hoe &quot;tensiometre&quot; na &quot;sphygmomanometer&quot;, na &quot;manomètre&quot; miendrika tioba U merkiora (tamin'ny taona 2012, mbola misy ireo fitaovana ireo any Frantsa sy any amin'ireo mpitsabo maro).

Tamin'ny taona 1828, tamin'ny fanadinana doctorat (&quot;Fikarohana momba ny tanjaky ny fo aortika&quot;) nataon'i Poiseuille, nampiseho voalohany ny fomba fitsapana tosi-drà (amin'ny fampiasana &quot;manomètre&quot; merkiora nantsoiny hoe « hémodynamomètre » izy ary noho io fitaovana io no nahitana fa miakatra ny tosi-drà rehefa mamoaka rivotra ary mihena rehefa misintona rivotra .

Nofaritan'ny dokotera Scipione Riva-Rocci tamin'ny desambra 1896 tao amin'ny la ''Gazette médicale de Turin'' ny karazana fitaovana fanarahamaso  tosi-drà voalohany.

Apetraka eo amin'ny sandry ny &quot;brassard&quot;. Misy stetoskopy apetraka eo amin'ny sandry avonkona no sady mihaino ny fitempon'ny lalan-drà &quot;humeral&quot;. Amin'ny alalan'ny fanambontsinana ny &quot;brassard&quot; amin'ny tosika ambony indrindra, mitempo tsara ny lalan-drà. Ahena tsikelikely amin'izay ny tosika ao amin'ny &quot;brassard&quot; ka rehefa tonga eo amin'ny tosika systolika ambony indrindra ny tosika dia miseho ny isa maneho ny tosi-drà rehefa mihena tsikelikely ny rivotra ao anatin'ny &quot;brassard&quot; ary misokatra tsikelikely ny lalan-drà, izay heno ao anatin'ny stetoskopy ny fitempon'ny fo, antsoina hoe &quot;feon'ny Korotkoff&quot; ny feo heno ao anatin'izany. Mahare ny fitempon'ny fo ihany koa ny olona tsapaina tosi-drà rehera eo am-pitsapana ny tosi-dràny.

Fomba antsoina hoe &quot;manohitra ny tosika (contrepulsion) izany:

* Ny tosiky ny rà dia hita taratra ao amin`ny &quot;brassard&quot;, izay miovaova eo anelanelan`ny sistolika sy diastolika; rehefa vita ny fitsapana tosi-drà dia voarakitra an-tsoratra ny isa atondron'ny fanjaitra ;

Azo refesina amin’ny alalan’ny teknika mitovy ihany koa ny tosi-dra, saingy amin’ity indray mitoraka ity dia eo amin’ny hato-tanana na amin’ny rantsantanana mihitsy aza. Na izany aza, tsy tsara loatra izany.

=== Tombanana tsy misy fitaovana ===
Misy fomba maro toy izany  .

==== Pulse palpation fomba ====
Amin'ny tranga maika, ny tosidra systolika dia azo tombanana amin'ny alàlan'ny fakana ny periferika (antsoina koa hoe distal, ohatra: radial na pedal) sy afovoany (ohatra carotid na femoral), izay mety hanjavona raha misy hypotension. Na izany aza, miankina amin'ny olona, ny peripheral pulses dia mety ho hita bebe kokoa na latsaka tsara, ankoatra izany, ny fanjavonan'ny pulse dia mety ho noho ny ivelany compresses ( tourniquet effect) na anatiny famatrarana (ohatra, atherosclerosis ). Noho izany dia ilaina ny mitady radial pulses roa. Amin'ny lafiny iray, raha latsaky ny 80 ny tsindry, tsy ho tsapantsika ny pulse radial, fa ny mifanohitra amin'izany, raha tsy mahatsapa ny pulse radial isika, dia tsy voatery midika izany fa ambany ny tosidra.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!'''systolic tosidra amin`ny olon-dehibe'''
! peripheral pulse
! pulse afovoany
|-
| PAS ≥ 80 mm Hg
| hita
| TSINJONAO
|-
| 80 mm Hg ≥ PAS ≥ 50 mm Hg
| tsy hita
| TSINJONAO
|-
| 50 mm Hg ≥ PAS
| tsy hita
| tsy hita
|}

==== Fomba famenoana capillary ====
Ny tosidra systolika dia azo tombanana ihany koa amin'ny fampiasana ny antsoina hoe &quot; kapila refill &quot;, antsoina koa hoe &quot; fotoana recoloration hoditra &quot;, izay ahitana fanerena amin'ny [[Hoho|fantsika]] iray, lasa hatsatra izy io satria foana ny rany (izay mena) ny sela, avy eo manombana ny hafainganam-pandehan'ny lokony (reperfusion kapila).
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!'''systolic tosidra amin`ny olon-dehibe'''
! fotoana recoloration hoditra
! capillary reperfusion
|-
| PAS ≥ 100 mm Hg
| fotoana &lt;2 segondra
| ara-dalàna
|-
| 100 mm Hg ≥ PAS ≥ 85 mm Hg
| fotoana &gt; 2 segondra
| Misy fahatarana
|-
| 85 mm Hg ≥ PAS
| tsy azo refesina
| tsy misy
|}
Ity teknika ity dia ampiasain'ny [[Smartphone|finday]] sasany  saingy tsy azo antoka  . Nohatsaraina izany, mifototra amin'ny famakafakana ny tsingerina kely amin'ny fandokoana ny tarehy, miaraka amin'ny vokatra tsara kokoa  .

Ny teknika hafa dia ahitana ny famakafakana ny pulsatility amin'ny rantsantanana manindry sensor amin'ny tsindry manokana  . Ny sensor dia azo hita eo amin'ny seza fidiovana  .

== Fanasokajiana tosidra ==
Fanasokajiana tosi-drà ho an'ny olon-dehibe  :
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:200px;&quot; |'''Sokajy'''
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | '''Systole, mm Hg'''
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | '''Diastole, mm Hg'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypotension mafy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 50
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 50
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypotension
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50-90
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50-60
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''tandrify'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''90–115'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''60–75'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''ara-dalàna'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''116–120'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''76–80'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Normal ambony'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''121–129'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''81–84'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pré-hypertension (ao)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 130–139
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 85–89
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | hypertension malemy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 140–159
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 90–99
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | hypertension antonony
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 160–179
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 100–109
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Advanced hypertension
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 180
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 110
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypertension systolique (ao)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 160
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 90
|}
Raha ny marina, miovaova io fanasokajiana io amin'ny famoahana boky. Ny tolo-kevitra amerikana 2017, ohatra, dia mihevitra fa ny haavon'ny tosidra ambony 130/80 mmHg dia mamaritra ny fiakaran'ny tosidrà  .

== aretina ==

** Raha avo loatra amin'ny fotoana maharitra ny tosi-drà, dia antsoina hoe tosi-drà ambony&lt;ref&gt;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension_art%C3%A9rielle&lt;/ref&gt;.
** Raha ambany loatra, dia antsoina hoe tosi-drà ambany.
** Si elle est effondrée, on parle de collapsus cardio-vasculaire, pouvant entraîner un état de choc.
** Si elle n'est augmentée qu'en présence d'un médecin, on parle d'effet « blouse blanche ».
** Si elle est normale au cabinet médical et augmentée dans les autres situations, on parle d'« hypertension masquée ».
** Si les deux chiffres (maxima et minima) sont écartés de moins de 40 &lt;abbr&gt;mmHg&lt;/abbr&gt;, on parle de « tension pincée ».

== Loharano ==
{{Reflist}}

== Jereo koa ==
* Firongatry ny aretim-po
* Fanaraha-maso ny tosi-dra
* Tosi-dra ambany
* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Rohy ivelany ==
Loharano momba ny fahasalamana :

* &lt;span class=&quot;liste-horizontale noarchive&quot;&gt;[https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D062186 &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;lang-en&quot;&gt;Medical Subject Headings&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span class=&quot;liste-horizontale noarchive&quot;&gt;[https://sml.snl.no/arterietrykk &lt;span lang=&quot;no&quot; class=&quot;lang-no&quot;&gt;Store medisinske leksikon&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;

* [https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0203397.xml ''Grran Enciclopèdia Catalana'']{{Portail|médecine|physiologie}}
[[Sokajy:Pages avec des traductions non relues]]</text>
      <sha1>1gsb38oabz18j8sadi6dj73ozwrndqe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137675</id>
      <parentid>1137674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:30:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Namafa soratra tsy ilaina</comment>
      <origin>1137675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10230" sha1="69rwp0xmt5h38yscmvow5rm6rj6i1v4" xml:space="preserve">
[[Sary:Combined_Task_Force_151_-_090207-N-3931M-228.jpg|vignette|Fandrefesana tosi-dra|324x324px]]
Ny '''tosi-dra''', na ny '''tosidra''' dia hery na tosika ao amin' ny [[ra]] ao amin' ny [[lalandra]] (fikorian-dra lehibe). Ny tosi-dra dia hery manenjana ny lalandra.

Miseho amin' ny sanda roa izy, dia ny tosika sistôlika (SBP): tosi-dra ambony indrindra amin' ny fotoana fivonkonan' ny ny [[fo]]; sy ny tosika diastôlika (DBP): tosika ambany indrindra amin' ny fotoana fialan-tsasatry ny fo.

Ny ''Pascal'' no refy iraisam-pirenena handrefesana ny todi-dra. Na izany aza, matetika refesina amin' ny santimetatra merkiora (smHg), na milimetatra merkiora (mmHg).

Ohatra:

* &quot;roa ambin'ny folo/valo&quot; (12/8): midika hoe tosika sistôlika 12 smHg sy tosika diastôlika 8 smHg;
* &quot;roapolo amby zato/valopolo&quot; (120/80): midika hoe tosika sistôlika 120 mmHg sy tosika diastolika 80 mmHg, izay mitovy amin' ny ohatra etsy ambony.

Ny fiakaran' ny tosi-dra dia voafaritra amin' ny sanda mihoatra ny 140/90 mmHg, mahalana kokoa ny 130/80 mmHg amin' ny tranga manokana.

Raha lazaina amin'ny endrika isa tokana ny tosi-dra, dia:

* ny tosika systolika irery, izay ampiasain' ny olo-tsotra;
* ny salan' ny tosi-dra na salan' ny tsindrin' ny lalandra (PAM), ampiasain' ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamana, izay kajina toy izao manaraka izao:

&lt;center&gt;&lt;math&gt; PAM = \frac {PAS+2PAD }{3} &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

* ny tosi-dra mitempo be (PAS-PAD).

== Fiovaovana fiziôlôjika ==
Ny tosi-drà dia vokatry ny fifandraisana ber pitsiny eo amin' ny rafitra samihafa. Ho fanamorana, azo jerena araka ny  fikorianan' ny ra sy ny tohitry  ny fandalovany ao amin' ny lalandra noho izy madity. Miankina mivantana amin' ny taha sy ny herin' ny fitempon' ny [[fo]], sy ny antony hafa ny fitempon' ny fo.

Ny rafitry ny fandaminana:

* hozatra: fanalalahana (lalan-drà) ataon'ny &quot;nerf vague&quot; miaraka amin'ny fampihenana ny fitempon'ny fo;
* humoral (momba ny ranoky ny taova), izany hoe famokarana akora simika hiditra ao amin'ny vatana rehetra ary miasa an-davitra):
** adrenalina sy noradrenalina (vokarin'ny &quot;glandes médullo-surrénales&quot;) ka mahatonga ny fitempon'ny fo haingana kokoa,ny 
** ny rafitra &quot;rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone&quot;, ny &quot;rénine&quot; vokarina eo amin'ireo sela &quot;juxtaglomérulaires&quot;, dia ahafahana manova ny angiotensinogène (vokarin'ny aty) ho angiotensine,
** &quot;vasopressine peptide&quot; vokarina eo amin'ny &quot;neurohypophyse&quot;),
** rafitra mampisokatra lalan-drà amin'ny rafi-tsela.

Manazava ny fiovaovan'ny sadan'ny tosi-drà isa-minitra eo amin'ny olona iray izany:  amin'ny ankaponey, ny ezaka ny rari-tsaina no mampiakatra ny tosi-drà, mampihena azy ny fialan-tsasatra.

Noho izany, miankina amin'ny anton-javatra maro ny fandrefesana ny tosi-drà, ka tsara raha mandry, na eo am-pialàna sasatra no hitsapana ny tosi-drà; tsy tokony hanao tsirambina ihany koa ny tahotra ho tsaboina eny anivon'ny hopitaly (effet blouse blanche) satria mahatonga ny fiakaran'ny tosi-dràn'ny marary noho ny tebiteby vokatry ny fitsapana tosi-drà. Mila hamarinina ihany koa ny toeran'ny fitaovana fitsapana tosi-drà, ilay atsofoka eo amin'ny sandry: satria raha kely loatra ilay fitaovana atsofoka eo amin'ny sandry dia mety hisy fiakarana ny tosi-drà.

Amin'ny ankapobeny dia avo kokoa ny tosi-drà amin'ny sandry mibahan-toerana (ny sandry havanana ho an'ny  olona ankavanana, ny sandry havia ho an'ny olona ankavia)  .
== Refy ==

=== Fitaovana ===
[[Sary:Sphygmomanometer.jpg|vignette|Sphygmomanometer sy stethoscope klasika.]]
[[Sary:2017_Sfigmomanometr_elektroniczny.jpg|vignette|Fanaraha-maso tosi-drà elektronika mandeha ho azy mampiseho ny tosidra systolika sy diastolika.]]
[[Sary:Tensiomètre_Emile_Spengler.jpg|vignette|Spengler Vaquez Labry karazana fitsapana tosi-drà, 1910]]
Amin'ny ankapobeny dia tsapaina amin'ny fitaovana atsofoka amin'ny sandry ambontsina manodidina amin'ny alalan'ny &quot;manomètre&quot; ny tosi-drà, izay mety ho fitaovana antsoina hoe &quot;tensiometre&quot; na &quot;sphygmomanometer&quot;, na &quot;manomètre&quot; miendrika tioba U merkiora (tamin'ny taona 2012, mbola misy ireo fitaovana ireo any Frantsa sy any amin'ireo mpitsabo maro).

Tamin'ny taona 1828, tamin'ny fanadinana doctorat (&quot;Fikarohana momba ny tanjaky ny fo aortika&quot;) nataon'i Poiseuille, nampiseho voalohany ny fomba fitsapana tosi-drà (amin'ny fampiasana &quot;manomètre&quot; merkiora nantsoiny hoe « hémodynamomètre » izy ary noho io fitaovana io no nahitana fa miakatra ny tosi-drà rehefa mamoaka rivotra ary mihena rehefa misintona rivotra .

Nofaritan'ny dokotera Scipione Riva-Rocci tamin'ny desambra 1896 tao amin'ny la ''Gazette médicale de Turin'' ny karazana fitaovana fanarahamaso  tosi-drà voalohany.

Apetraka eo amin'ny sandry ny &quot;brassard&quot;. Misy stetoskopy apetraka eo amin'ny sandry avonkona no sady mihaino ny fitempon'ny lalan-drà &quot;humeral&quot;. Amin'ny alalan'ny fanambontsinana ny &quot;brassard&quot; amin'ny tosika ambony indrindra, mitempo tsara ny lalan-drà. Ahena tsikelikely amin'izay ny tosika ao amin'ny &quot;brassard&quot; ka rehefa tonga eo amin'ny tosika systolika ambony indrindra ny tosika dia miseho ny isa maneho ny tosi-drà rehefa mihena tsikelikely ny rivotra ao anatin'ny &quot;brassard&quot; ary misokatra tsikelikely ny lalan-drà, izay heno ao anatin'ny stetoskopy ny fitempon'ny fo, antsoina hoe &quot;feon'ny Korotkoff&quot; ny feo heno ao anatin'izany. Mahare ny fitempon'ny fo ihany koa ny olona tsapaina tosi-drà rehera eo am-pitsapana ny tosi-dràny.

Fomba antsoina hoe &quot;manohitra ny tosika (contrepulsion) izany:

* Ny tosiky ny rà dia hita taratra ao amin`ny &quot;brassard&quot;, izay miovaova eo anelanelan`ny sistolika sy diastolika; rehefa vita ny fitsapana tosi-drà dia voarakitra an-tsoratra ny isa atondron'ny fanjaitra ;

Azo refesina amin’ny alalan’ny teknika mitovy ihany koa ny tosi-dra, saingy amin’ity indray mitoraka ity dia eo amin’ny hato-tanana na amin’ny rantsantanana mihitsy aza. Na izany aza, tsy tsara loatra izany.

=== Tombanana tsy misy fitaovana ===
Misy fomba maro toy izany  .

==== Pulse palpation fomba ====
Amin'ny tranga maika, ny tosidra systolika dia azo tombanana amin'ny alàlan'ny fakana ny periferika (antsoina koa hoe distal, ohatra: radial na pedal) sy afovoany (ohatra carotid na femoral), izay mety hanjavona raha misy hypotension. Na izany aza, miankina amin'ny olona, ny peripheral pulses dia mety ho hita bebe kokoa na latsaka tsara, ankoatra izany, ny fanjavonan'ny pulse dia mety ho noho ny ivelany compresses ( tourniquet effect) na anatiny famatrarana (ohatra, atherosclerosis ). Noho izany dia ilaina ny mitady radial pulses roa. Amin'ny lafiny iray, raha latsaky ny 80 ny tsindry, tsy ho tsapantsika ny pulse radial, fa ny mifanohitra amin'izany, raha tsy mahatsapa ny pulse radial isika, dia tsy voatery midika izany fa ambany ny tosidra.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!'''systolic tosidra amin`ny olon-dehibe'''
! peripheral pulse
! pulse afovoany
|-
| PAS ≥ 80 mm Hg
| hita
| TSINJONAO
|-
| 80 mm Hg ≥ PAS ≥ 50 mm Hg
| tsy hita
| TSINJONAO
|-
| 50 mm Hg ≥ PAS
| tsy hita
| tsy hita
|}

==== Fomba famenoana capillary ====
Ny tosidra systolika dia azo tombanana ihany koa amin'ny fampiasana ny antsoina hoe &quot; kapila refill &quot;, antsoina koa hoe &quot; fotoana recoloration hoditra &quot;, izay ahitana fanerena amin'ny [[Hoho|fantsika]] iray, lasa hatsatra izy io satria foana ny rany (izay mena) ny sela, avy eo manombana ny hafainganam-pandehan'ny lokony (reperfusion kapila).
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!'''systolic tosidra amin`ny olon-dehibe'''
! fotoana recoloration hoditra
! capillary reperfusion
|-
| PAS ≥ 100 mm Hg
| fotoana &lt;2 segondra
| ara-dalàna
|-
| 100 mm Hg ≥ PAS ≥ 85 mm Hg
| fotoana &gt; 2 segondra
| Misy fahatarana
|-
| 85 mm Hg ≥ PAS
| tsy azo refesina
| tsy misy
|}
Ity teknika ity dia ampiasain'ny [[Smartphone|finday]] sasany  saingy tsy azo antoka  . Nohatsaraina izany, mifototra amin'ny famakafakana ny tsingerina kely amin'ny fandokoana ny tarehy, miaraka amin'ny vokatra tsara kokoa  .

Ny teknika hafa dia ahitana ny famakafakana ny pulsatility amin'ny rantsantanana manindry sensor amin'ny tsindry manokana  . Ny sensor dia azo hita eo amin'ny seza fidiovana  .

== Fanasokajiana tosidra ==
Fanasokajiana tosi-drà ho an'ny olon-dehibe  :
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:200px;&quot; |'''Sokajy'''
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | '''Systole, mm Hg'''
! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | '''Diastole, mm Hg'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypotension mafy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 50
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 50
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypotension
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50-90
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50-60
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''tandrify'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''90–115'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''60–75'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''ara-dalàna'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''116–120'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''76–80'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Normal ambony'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''121–129'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''81–84'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pré-hypertension (ao)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 130–139
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 85–89
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | hypertension malemy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 140–159
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 90–99
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | hypertension antonony
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 160–179
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 100–109
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Advanced hypertension
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 180
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 110
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hypertension systolique (ao)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ≥ 160
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt; 90
|}
Raha ny marina, miovaova io fanasokajiana io amin'ny famoahana boky. Ny tolo-kevitra amerikana 2017, ohatra, dia mihevitra fa ny haavon'ny tosidra ambony 130/80 mmHg dia mamaritra ny fiakaran'ny tosidra.

== Jereo koa ==
* Firongatry ny aretim-po
* Fanaraha-maso ny tosi-dra
* Tosi-dra ambany
* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Rohy ivelany ==
Loharano momba ny fahasalamana :

* &lt;span class=&quot;liste-horizontale noarchive&quot;&gt;[https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D062186 &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;lang-en&quot;&gt;Medical Subject Headings&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span class=&quot;liste-horizontale noarchive&quot;&gt;[https://sml.snl.no/arterietrykk &lt;span lang=&quot;no&quot; class=&quot;lang-no&quot;&gt;Store medisinske leksikon&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;

* [https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0203397.xml ''Grran Enciclopèdia Catalana'']{{Portail|médecine|physiologie}}
[[Sokajy:Pages avec des traductions non relues]]</text>
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    <title>Aphloia theiformis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>1137613</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-07T21:09:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Famariparitana</comment>
      <origin>1137613</origin>
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      <text bytes="2975" sha1="5ccmba6eu6c055n482h7hc8wwznxl06" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Aphloia-theiformis0073.JPG|vignette|350x350px|''Aphloia'' ''theiformis'']]
Ny '''''Aphloia theiformis''''' dia [[hazobotry]] na [[Hazo (zavamaniry)|hazo]] fahita any amin' ny alan' ny nosy [[Maskareina (tamba-nosy)|Maskarena]] sy [[Madagasikara]] ary [[Afrika Atsinanana]], izay hany karazana ao amin' ny vondron-karazana '''''Aphloia''''' sy ny fianakaviana '''''Aphloiaceae''''', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Crossosomatales]]. Atao amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] izy dia atao hoe '''fandramanana''', '''hazondrano''', '''kirandrambahivary''', '''kirandrambehivavy''', '''kirandrambiavy''', '''maramanana''', '''miaramanana''' ary '''voafotsy'''.

== Famariparitana ==
Hazo mahatratra haavo 15 m izay maniry any amin' ny ala mafana sy mando ny ''Aphloia theiformis'', nefa mijanona ho hazobotry any amin' ny ala an-tendrombohitra avo. Mena ny rantsany.

=== Ravina ===
[[Sary:Aphloia theiformis 1DS-II 8662.jpg|vignette|236x236px|''Aphloia'' ''theiformis'']]
Tsotra ny raviny, mibikan' atody, somary henjana, misy nifinify amin' ny zavamaniry efa lehibe fa helokeloka kosa amin' ny zavamaniry tanora maniry any amin' ny faritra maina any [[La Réunion]].

=== Vony ===
[[Sary:Aphloia theiformis 1DS-II 8649.jpg|ankavia|vignette|250x250px|''Aphloia'' ''theiformis'']]Ny [[Vondrombony|vondromboniny]] izay mivoaka eo amin' ny fototry ny tangoza-dravina dia mitondra voniny salantsalany 1 ka hatramin' ny 5, izay sady lahy bo vavy, manana [[ravimbony]] fotsy, boribory, tsy misy [[felambony]], ary [[lahimbony]] maro. Mitranga mandritra ny taona ny famelanany, fa indrindra mandritra amin' ny vanim-potoana mafana.

=== Voa ===
Kely ny voany fotsy boribory izay misy nofony malemy tian' ny vorona maro.

== Zana-karazana ==
Manana zana-karazana ihany koa ity zavaaniry ity, dia ireto izany:

* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''deltoides''
* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''madagascariensis''
* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''mauritiana''
* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''theiformis''
* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''minima''
* ''Aphloia theiformis'' subs. ''seychellensis''

== Fampiasana ==

Ny hazon' io zavamaniry io dia azo anamboarana trano na fanaka ary azo atao [[kitay]].
Ampiasaina koa izy io ao [[La Réunion]] hitsaboana ny [[fanaviana]], ny fanaintainana, ny [[tazomoka]], ny [[mamaivay]], ary atao hanadiovana kibo. Ampiasaina hitsaboana ny fanaviana ihany koa ny raviny ao [[Maorisy]].

Ao amin' ny [[fitsaboana nentim-paharazana malagasy]] dia ampiasaina ho emetika ny hodiny ary alona naty rano mafana ho zava-pisotro manala hetaheta ny raviny. Malaza ho manasitrana ny [[amany ra]] koa ny raviny tanora fa ny raviny antitra kosa itsaboana ny [[rohana]].

Ny fanadihadiana fitosimika dia naneho fa misy [[sapôninina]] sy [[ksantônina]] ny raviny.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Maytenus fasciculata]]''
* ''[[Antidesma madagascariense]]''
* [[Raokandro]]
* [[Tambavy]]
* [[Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana]]
* [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mony (aretina)</title>
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      <text bytes="11379" sha1="gyya6jpktagp0os3vo5x1g3gicsyrhe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Mony
| synonym       = 
| image         = Acne vulgaris on a very oily skin.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = Photograph of an 18-year-old male with moderate severity acne vulgaris demonstrating classic features of whiteheads and oily skin distributed over the forehead
| caption       = Ketrona mahazatra amin'ny lehilahy 18 taona mandritra'ny [[fialantsakana]]
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
| symptoms      = [[Teboka mainty, teboka fotsy]], [[ketrona madinika]]s, hoditra mitera-menaka, [[marika amin'ny hoditra]]&lt;ref name=Vary2015/&gt;&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| onset         = [[Fialan-tsakana]]&lt;ref name=NEJM2005/&gt;
| duration      = 
| causes        = 
| risks         = [[Fandovana ara-tsaina sy ara-batana]]&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| diagnosis     = 
| differential  = [[Fivontosana na fery eo amin'ny fototry ny volo]], [[fahamenan'ny tarehy sy fivontosana]], [[fivontosana sy fery eo ambanin'ny hoditra]], [[ketrona noho ny hatsemboana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kahan |first1=Scott  |title=In a Page: Medicine|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9780781770354|page=412|url=https://books.google.com/?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906210844/https://books.google.com/books?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|archive-date=6 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = Fiovana amin'ny fomba fiainana, fanafody, fitsaboana manaraka ny fenitra&lt;ref name=Mahmood2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Titus2012/&gt;
| medication    = [[Azelaic acid]], [[benzoyl peroxide]], [[salicylic acid]], [[fanafody manohitra otrik'aretina]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pills]], [[isotretinoin]]&lt;ref name=Titus2012&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Titus S, Hodge J | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acne | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 734–40 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23062156 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | url-status = live | type = Review | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | archive-date = 18 February 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html |date=18 February 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = Olona 633 tapitrisa voakasika (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre/&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

Ny '''mony''' , izay fantatra amin' ny anarana hoe fantatra ihany koa amin' ny  hoe '''''Akne vulgaris''''', dia dia aretin-koditra maharitra miseho amin' ny alalan' ny fibontsimbontsinana kely miseho eny amin' ny tarehy, indrindra amin' ny tarehin' ny zatovo mitombo, izay vokatry ny tavo be loatra sy ny [[sela]] maty amin' ny hoditra izay tsy tafavoaka ao amin' ny [[mason-koditra]] fa manentsina azy. Menaka avoakan' ny fihary ao amin' ny [[hoditra]] ny tavo.

Ny endri-javatra mahazatra amin'ity aretina ity dia ahitana mony mainty na fotsy, mony, hoditra menaka, ary mety ho ratra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vary2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vary JC|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|date=November 2015|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bhate K, Williams HC|title=Epidemiology of acne vulgaris|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=168|issue=3|pages=474–85|date=March 2013|pmid=23210645|doi=10.1111/bjd.12149|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tuchayi SM, Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, Dessinioti C, Feldman SR, Zouboulis CC|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|volume=1|pages=15033|date=September 2015|pmid=27227877|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.33}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny hoditra misy fihary menaka betsaka no tena voakasik'izany, anisan'izany ny tarehy, ny tapany ambony amin'ny tratra, ary ny lamosina.  Ny fisehoana vokatr'izany dia mety hiteraka tebiteby, fihenan'ny fahatokisan-tena, ary, amin'ny tranga tafahoatra, [[Fahakiviana lalina (psychiatrie)|fahaketrahana]] na eritreritra hamono tena.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barnes2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes LE, Levender MM, Fleischer AB, Feldman SR|title=Quality of life measures for acne patients|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=2|pages=293–300, ix|date=April 2012|pmid=22284143|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.11.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ny fototarazo no antony voalohany mahatonga ny mony amin'ny 80%-n'ny tranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt; Tsy mazava ny anjara asan'ny sakafo sy ny fifohana sigara, ary toa tsy misy ifandraisany amin'izany na ny fahadiovana na ny fiposahan'ny masoandro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Knutsen2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knutsen-Larson S, Dawson AL, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=1|pages=99–106, viii-ix|date=January 2012|pmid=22117871|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.09.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schnopp2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schnopp C, Mempel M|title=Acne vulgaris in children and adolescents|journal=Minerva Pediatrica|volume=63|issue=4|pages=293–304|date=August 2011|pmid=21909065|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na lahy na vavy, toa anisan'ny antony fototra ny hormonina antsoina hoe androgens, amin'ny alàlan'ny fampitomboana ny famokarana sebum.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=James WD|title=Clinical practice. Acne|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=14|pages=1463–72|date=April 2005|pmid=15814882|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp033487|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Antony iray mahazatra ihany koa ny fitomboan'ny bakteria ''Cutibacterium acnes'' be loatra, izay hita eo amin'ny hoditra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaenglein2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zaenglein AL|title=Acne Vulgaris|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=379|issue=14|pages=1343–1352|date=October 2018|pmid=30281982|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1702493|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Sary:20200822 Pustule 2.jpg|vignette|296x296px|Mony]]Misy fitsaboana ny mony, anisan'izany ny fanovana fomba fiaina, ny fanafody ary ny fomba fitsaboana. Mety hanampy ny fihinanana gliosida tsotra vitsy kokoa toy ny [[siramamy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mahmood2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mahmood SN, Bowe WP|title=Diet and acne update: carbohydrates emerge as the main culprit|journal=Journal of Drugs in Dermatology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=428–35|date=April 2014|pmid=24719062|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ampiasaina ny fitsaboana ampiharina mivantana amin'ny hoditra voakasika, toy ny asidra azelaika, benzoyl peroxide, ary asidra salisilika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Misy [[Antibiôtika|antibiotika]] sy retinoida azo ampiasaina amin'ny hoditra ary raisina am-bava.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Mety hipoitra ny fanoherana ny antibiotika.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Beylot C, Auffret N, Poli F, Claudel JP, Leccia MT, Del Giudice P, Dreno B|title=Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=28|issue=3|pages=271–8|date=March 2014|pmid=23905540|doi=10.1111/jdv.12224|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana pilina fanabeazana aizana maromaro manampy amin'ny fanafoanana ny mony amin'ny vehivavy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Ny pilina Isotretinoin dia mazàna natokana ho an'ny mony mafy, noho ny mety ho voka-dratsiny bebe kokoa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lew2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vallerand IA, Lewinson RT, Farris MS, Sibley CD, Ramien ML, Bulloch AG, Patten SB|title=Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=178|issue=1|pages=76–85|date=January 2018|pmid=28542914|doi=10.1111/bjd.15668}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny fitsaboana mialoha sy mahery vaika dia atolotry ny sasany ao amin'ny sehatry ny fitsaboana mba hampihenana ny fiantraikany maharitra amin'ny olona tsirairay. 

Tamin'ny taona 2015, olona 633 eo ho eo no voan'ny mony{{Spaces}}olona an-tapitrisany maneran-tany, ka mahatonga azy io ho aretina fahavalo fahita indrindra maneran-tany.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hay2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hay RJ, Johns NE, Williams HC, Bolliger IW, Dellavalle RP, Margolis DJ, Marks R, Naldi L, Weinstock MA, Wulf SK, Michaud C, Murray C, Naghavi M|display-authors=6|title=The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions|journal=The Journal of Investigative Dermatology|volume=134|issue=6|pages=1527–1534|date=June 2014|pmid=24166134|doi=10.1038/jid.2013.446|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ny mony dia miseho amin'ny fahatanorana ary tombanana ho 80–90% amin'ny zatovo any amin'ny [[Tontolo Tandrefana|tontolo tandrefana]] no voan'izany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Taylor M, Gonzalez M, Porter R|title=Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology|journal=European Journal of Dermatology|volume=21|issue=3|pages=323–33|date=May–June 2011|pmid=21609898|doi=10.1684/ejd.2011.1357|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dawson AL, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=BMJ|volume=346|issue=5|pages=30–33|date=May 2013|pmid=23657180|doi=10.1136/bmj.f2634|type=Review|jstor=23494950}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Goldberg DJ, Berlin AL|title=Acne and Rosacea: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment|publisher=Manson Pub.|location=London|isbn=978-1-84076-150-4|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|date=October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702231501/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|archive-date=2 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy vondrom-piarahamonina ambanivohitra sasany mitatitra fa ambany kokoa ny tahan'ny mony raha oharina amin'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina mandroso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spen2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Spencer EH, Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND|title=Diet and acne: a review of the evidence|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=48|issue=4|pages=339–47|date=April 2009|pmid=19335417|doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mety ho voakasik'izany koa ny ankizy sy ny olon-dehibe alohan'ny sy aorian'ny fahamaotiana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Admani S, Barrio VR|title=Evaluation and treatment of acne from infancy to preadolescence|journal=Dermatologic Therapy|volume=26|issue=6|pages=462–6|date=November 2013|pmid=24552409|doi=10.1111/dth.12108|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dia mihena aza ny fahazarana amin'ny mony rehefa lehibe, dia mbola mitohy amin'ny antsasaky ny olona voakasik'izany hatramin'ny roapolo sy telopolo taona, ary mbola misy vondrona kely kokoa miatrika olana amin'ny efapolo taona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Rohy anatiny</comment>
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      <text bytes="11453" sha1="36dnh6wqb9r7rzri5euinjq536p6hy6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Mony
| synonym       = 
| image         = Acne vulgaris on a very oily skin.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = Photograph of an 18-year-old male with moderate severity acne vulgaris demonstrating classic features of whiteheads and oily skin distributed over the forehead
| caption       = Ketrona mahazatra amin'ny lehilahy 18 taona mandritra'ny [[fialantsakana]]
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
| symptoms      = [[Teboka mainty, teboka fotsy]], [[ketrona madinika]]s, hoditra mitera-menaka, [[marika amin'ny hoditra]]&lt;ref name=Vary2015/&gt;&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| onset         = [[Fialan-tsakana]]&lt;ref name=NEJM2005/&gt;
| duration      = 
| causes        = 
| risks         = [[Fandovana ara-tsaina sy ara-batana]]&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| diagnosis     = 
| differential  = [[Fivontosana na fery eo amin'ny fototry ny volo]], [[fahamenan'ny tarehy sy fivontosana]], [[fivontosana sy fery eo ambanin'ny hoditra]], [[ketrona noho ny hatsemboana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kahan |first1=Scott  |title=In a Page: Medicine|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9780781770354|page=412|url=https://books.google.com/?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906210844/https://books.google.com/books?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|archive-date=6 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = Fiovana amin'ny fomba fiainana, fanafody, fitsaboana manaraka ny fenitra&lt;ref name=Mahmood2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Titus2012/&gt;
| medication    = [[Azelaic acid]], [[benzoyl peroxide]], [[salicylic acid]], [[fanafody manohitra otrik'aretina]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pills]], [[isotretinoin]]&lt;ref name=Titus2012&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Titus S, Hodge J | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acne | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 734–40 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23062156 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | url-status = live | type = Review | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | archive-date = 18 February 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html |date=18 February 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = Olona 633 tapitrisa voakasika (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre/&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

Ny '''mony''' , izay fantatra amin' ny anarana hoe fantatra ihany koa amin' ny  hoe '''''Akne vulgaris''''', dia dia aretin-koditra maharitra miseho amin' ny alalan' ny fibontsimbontsinana kely miseho eny amin' ny tarehy, indrindra amin' ny tarehin' ny zatovo mitombo, izay vokatry ny tavo be loatra sy ny [[sela]] maty amin' ny hoditra izay tsy tafavoaka ao amin' ny [[mason-koditra]] fa manentsina azy. Menaka avoakan' ny fihary ao amin' ny [[hoditra]] ny tavo.

Ny endri-javatra mahazatra amin'ity aretina ity dia ahitana mony mainty na fotsy, mony, hoditra menaka, ary mety ho ratra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vary2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vary JC|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|date=November 2015|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bhate K, Williams HC|title=Epidemiology of acne vulgaris|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=168|issue=3|pages=474–85|date=March 2013|pmid=23210645|doi=10.1111/bjd.12149|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tuchayi SM, Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, Dessinioti C, Feldman SR, Zouboulis CC|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|volume=1|pages=15033|date=September 2015|pmid=27227877|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.33}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny hoditra misy fihary menaka betsaka no tena voakasik'izany, anisan'izany ny tarehy, ny tapany ambony amin'ny tratra, ary ny lamosina.  Ny fisehoana vokatr'izany dia mety hiteraka tebiteby, fihenan'ny fahatokisan-tena, ary, amin'ny tranga tafahoatra, [[Fahakiviana lalina (psychiatrie)|fahaketrahana]] na eritreritra hamono tena.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barnes2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes LE, Levender MM, Fleischer AB, Feldman SR|title=Quality of life measures for acne patients|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=2|pages=293–300, ix|date=April 2012|pmid=22284143|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.11.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ny fototarazo no antony voalohany mahatonga ny mony amin'ny 80%-n'ny tranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt; Tsy mazava ny anjara asan'ny sakafo sy ny fifohana sigara, ary toa tsy misy ifandraisany amin'izany na ny fahadiovana na ny fiposahan'ny masoandro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Knutsen2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knutsen-Larson S, Dawson AL, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=1|pages=99–106, viii-ix|date=January 2012|pmid=22117871|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.09.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schnopp2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schnopp C, Mempel M|title=Acne vulgaris in children and adolescents|journal=Minerva Pediatrica|volume=63|issue=4|pages=293–304|date=August 2011|pmid=21909065|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na lahy na vavy, toa anisan'ny antony fototra ny hormonina antsoina hoe androgens, amin'ny alàlan'ny fampitomboana ny famokarana sebum.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=James WD|title=Clinical practice. Acne|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=14|pages=1463–72|date=April 2005|pmid=15814882|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp033487|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Antony iray mahazatra ihany koa ny fitomboan'ny bakteria ''Cutibacterium acnes'' be loatra, izay hita eo amin'ny hoditra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaenglein2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zaenglein AL|title=Acne Vulgaris|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=379|issue=14|pages=1343–1352|date=October 2018|pmid=30281982|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1702493|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Sary:20200822 Pustule 2.jpg|vignette|296x296px|Mony]]Misy fitsaboana ny mony, anisan'izany ny fanovana fomba fiaina, ny fanafody ary ny fomba fitsaboana. Mety hanampy ny fihinanana gliosida tsotra vitsy kokoa toy ny [[siramamy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mahmood2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mahmood SN, Bowe WP|title=Diet and acne update: carbohydrates emerge as the main culprit|journal=Journal of Drugs in Dermatology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=428–35|date=April 2014|pmid=24719062|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ampiasaina ny fitsaboana ampiharina mivantana amin'ny hoditra voakasika, toy ny asidra azelaika, benzoyl peroxide, ary asidra salisilika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Misy [[Antibiôtika|antibiotika]] sy retinoida azo ampiasaina amin'ny hoditra ary raisina am-bava.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Mety hipoitra ny fanoherana ny antibiotika.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Beylot C, Auffret N, Poli F, Claudel JP, Leccia MT, Del Giudice P, Dreno B|title=Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=28|issue=3|pages=271–8|date=March 2014|pmid=23905540|doi=10.1111/jdv.12224|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana pilina fanabeazana aizana maromaro manampy amin'ny fanafoanana ny mony amin'ny vehivavy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Ny pilina Isotretinoin dia mazàna natokana ho an'ny mony mafy, noho ny mety ho voka-dratsiny bebe kokoa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lew2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vallerand IA, Lewinson RT, Farris MS, Sibley CD, Ramien ML, Bulloch AG, Patten SB|title=Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=178|issue=1|pages=76–85|date=January 2018|pmid=28542914|doi=10.1111/bjd.15668}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny fitsaboana mialoha sy mahery vaika dia atolotry ny sasany ao amin'ny sehatry ny fitsaboana mba hampihenana ny fiantraikany maharitra amin'ny olona tsirairay. 

Tamin'ny taona 2015, olona 633 eo ho eo no voan'ny mony{{Spaces}}olona an-tapitrisany maneran-tany, ka mahatonga azy io ho aretina fahavalo fahita indrindra maneran-tany.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hay2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hay RJ, Johns NE, Williams HC, Bolliger IW, Dellavalle RP, Margolis DJ, Marks R, Naldi L, Weinstock MA, Wulf SK, Michaud C, Murray C, Naghavi M|display-authors=6|title=The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions|journal=The Journal of Investigative Dermatology|volume=134|issue=6|pages=1527–1534|date=June 2014|pmid=24166134|doi=10.1038/jid.2013.446|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ny mony dia miseho amin'ny fahatanorana ary tombanana ho 80–90% amin'ny zatovo any amin'ny [[Tontolo Tandrefana|tontolo tandrefana]] no voan'izany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Taylor M, Gonzalez M, Porter R|title=Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology|journal=European Journal of Dermatology|volume=21|issue=3|pages=323–33|date=May–June 2011|pmid=21609898|doi=10.1684/ejd.2011.1357|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dawson AL, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=BMJ|volume=346|issue=5|pages=30–33|date=May 2013|pmid=23657180|doi=10.1136/bmj.f2634|type=Review|jstor=23494950}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Goldberg DJ, Berlin AL|title=Acne and Rosacea: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment|publisher=Manson Pub.|location=London|isbn=978-1-84076-150-4|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|date=October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702231501/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|archive-date=2 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy vondrom-piarahamonina ambanivohitra sasany mitatitra fa ambany kokoa ny tahan'ny mony raha oharina amin'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina mandroso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spen2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Spencer EH, Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND|title=Diet and acne: a review of the evidence|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=48|issue=4|pages=339–47|date=April 2009|pmid=19335417|doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mety ho voakasik'izany koa ny ankizy sy ny olon-dehibe alohan'ny sy aorian'ny fahamaotiana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Admani S, Barrio VR|title=Evaluation and treatment of acne from infancy to preadolescence|journal=Dermatologic Therapy|volume=26|issue=6|pages=462–6|date=November 2013|pmid=24552409|doi=10.1111/dth.12108|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dia mihena aza ny fahazarana amin'ny mony rehefa lehibe, dia mbola mitohy amin'ny antsasaky ny olona voakasik'izany hatramin'ny roapolo sy telopolo taona, ary mbola misy vondrona kely kokoa miatrika olana amin'ny efapolo taona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11452" sha1="k9zo7bwlsglj6zyeggm2v1oxel93rsa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Mony
| synonym       = 
| image         = Acne vulgaris on a very oily skin.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = Photograph of an 18-year-old male with moderate severity acne vulgaris demonstrating classic features of whiteheads and oily skin distributed over the forehead
| caption       = Ketrona mahazatra amin'ny lehilahy 18 taona mandritra'ny [[fialantsakana]]
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
| symptoms      = [[Teboka mainty, teboka fotsy]], [[ketrona madinika]]s, hoditra mitera-menaka, [[marika amin'ny hoditra]]&lt;ref name=Vary2015/&gt;&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| onset         = [[Fialan-tsakana]]&lt;ref name=NEJM2005/&gt;
| duration      = 
| causes        = 
| risks         = [[Fandovana ara-tsaina sy ara-batana]]&lt;ref name=Bhate2013/&gt;
| diagnosis     = 
| differential  = [[Fivontosana na fery eo amin'ny fototry ny volo]], [[fahamenan'ny tarehy sy fivontosana]], [[fivontosana sy fery eo ambanin'ny hoditra]], [[ketrona noho ny hatsemboana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kahan |first1=Scott  |title=In a Page: Medicine|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9780781770354|page=412|url=https://books.google.com/?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906210844/https://books.google.com/books?id=46wpAUhUHjMC&amp;pg=PA412|archive-date=6 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = Fiovana amin'ny fomba fiainana, fanafody, fitsaboana manaraka ny fenitra&lt;ref name=Mahmood2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Titus2012/&gt;
| medication    = [[Azelaic acid]], [[benzoyl peroxide]], [[salicylic acid]], [[fanafody manohitra otrik'aretina]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pills]], [[isotretinoin]]&lt;ref name=Titus2012&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Titus S, Hodge J | title = Diagnosis and treatment of acne | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 734–40 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23062156 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | url-status = live | type = Review | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html | archive-date = 18 February 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218104435/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html |date=18 February 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = Olona 633 tapitrisa voakasika (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre/&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

Ny '''mony''', izay fantatra amin' ny anarana hoe fantatra ihany koa amin' ny  hoe '''''Akne vulgaris''''', dia dia aretin-koditra maharitra miseho amin' ny alalan' ny fibontsimbontsinana kely miseho eny amin' ny tarehy, indrindra amin' ny tarehin' ny zatovo mitombo, izay vokatry ny tavo be loatra sy ny [[sela]] maty amin' ny hoditra izay tsy tafavoaka ao amin' ny [[mason-koditra]] fa manentsina azy. Menaka avoakan' ny fihary ao amin' ny [[hoditra]] ny tavo.

Ny endri-javatra mahazatra amin'ity aretina ity dia ahitana mony mainty na fotsy, mony, hoditra menaka, ary mety ho ratra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vary2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vary JC|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|date=November 2015|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bhate K, Williams HC|title=Epidemiology of acne vulgaris|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=168|issue=3|pages=474–85|date=March 2013|pmid=23210645|doi=10.1111/bjd.12149|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tuchayi SM, Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, Dessinioti C, Feldman SR, Zouboulis CC|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|volume=1|pages=15033|date=September 2015|pmid=27227877|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.33}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny hoditra misy fihary menaka betsaka no tena voakasik'izany, anisan'izany ny tarehy, ny tapany ambony amin'ny tratra, ary ny lamosina.  Ny fisehoana vokatr'izany dia mety hiteraka tebiteby, fihenan'ny fahatokisan-tena, ary, amin'ny tranga tafahoatra, [[Fahakiviana lalina (psychiatrie)|fahaketrahana]] na eritreritra hamono tena.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barnes2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes LE, Levender MM, Fleischer AB, Feldman SR|title=Quality of life measures for acne patients|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=2|pages=293–300, ix|date=April 2012|pmid=22284143|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.11.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ny fototarazo no antony voalohany mahatonga ny mony amin'ny 80%-n'ny tranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt; Tsy mazava ny anjara asan'ny sakafo sy ny fifohana sigara, ary toa tsy misy ifandraisany amin'izany na ny fahadiovana na ny fiposahan'ny masoandro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Knutsen2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knutsen-Larson S, Dawson AL, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=1|pages=99–106, viii-ix|date=January 2012|pmid=22117871|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.09.001|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schnopp2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schnopp C, Mempel M|title=Acne vulgaris in children and adolescents|journal=Minerva Pediatrica|volume=63|issue=4|pages=293–304|date=August 2011|pmid=21909065|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na lahy na vavy, toa anisan'ny antony fototra ny hormonina antsoina hoe androgens, amin'ny alàlan'ny fampitomboana ny famokarana sebum.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=James WD|title=Clinical practice. Acne|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=14|pages=1463–72|date=April 2005|pmid=15814882|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp033487|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Antony iray mahazatra ihany koa ny fitomboan'ny bakteria ''Cutibacterium acnes'' be loatra, izay hita eo amin'ny hoditra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaenglein2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zaenglein AL|title=Acne Vulgaris|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=379|issue=14|pages=1343–1352|date=October 2018|pmid=30281982|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1702493|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Sary:20200822 Pustule 2.jpg|vignette|296x296px|Mony]]Misy fitsaboana ny mony, anisan'izany ny fanovana fomba fiaina, ny fanafody ary ny fomba fitsaboana. Mety hanampy ny fihinanana gliosida tsotra vitsy kokoa toy ny [[siramamy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mahmood2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mahmood SN, Bowe WP|title=Diet and acne update: carbohydrates emerge as the main culprit|journal=Journal of Drugs in Dermatology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=428–35|date=April 2014|pmid=24719062|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ampiasaina ny fitsaboana ampiharina mivantana amin'ny hoditra voakasika, toy ny asidra azelaika, benzoyl peroxide, ary asidra salisilika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Misy [[Antibiôtika|antibiotika]] sy retinoida azo ampiasaina amin'ny hoditra ary raisina am-bava.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Mety hipoitra ny fanoherana ny antibiotika.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Beylot C, Auffret N, Poli F, Claudel JP, Leccia MT, Del Giudice P, Dreno B|title=Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=28|issue=3|pages=271–8|date=March 2014|pmid=23905540|doi=10.1111/jdv.12224|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana pilina fanabeazana aizana maromaro manampy amin'ny fanafoanana ny mony amin'ny vehivavy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus2012&quot; /&gt; Ny pilina Isotretinoin dia mazàna natokana ho an'ny mony mafy, noho ny mety ho voka-dratsiny bebe kokoa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lew2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vallerand IA, Lewinson RT, Farris MS, Sibley CD, Ramien ML, Bulloch AG, Patten SB|title=Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=178|issue=1|pages=76–85|date=January 2018|pmid=28542914|doi=10.1111/bjd.15668}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny fitsaboana mialoha sy mahery vaika dia atolotry ny sasany ao amin'ny sehatry ny fitsaboana mba hampihenana ny fiantraikany maharitra amin'ny olona tsirairay. 

Tamin'ny taona 2015, olona 633 eo ho eo no voan'ny mony{{Spaces}}olona an-tapitrisany maneran-tany, ka mahatonga azy io ho aretina fahavalo fahita indrindra maneran-tany.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hay2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hay RJ, Johns NE, Williams HC, Bolliger IW, Dellavalle RP, Margolis DJ, Marks R, Naldi L, Weinstock MA, Wulf SK, Michaud C, Murray C, Naghavi M|display-authors=6|title=The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions|journal=The Journal of Investigative Dermatology|volume=134|issue=6|pages=1527–1534|date=June 2014|pmid=24166134|doi=10.1038/jid.2013.446|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika ny mony dia miseho amin'ny fahatanorana ary tombanana ho 80–90% amin'ny zatovo any amin'ny [[Tontolo Tandrefana|tontolo tandrefana]] no voan'izany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Taylor M, Gonzalez M, Porter R|title=Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology|journal=European Journal of Dermatology|volume=21|issue=3|pages=323–33|date=May–June 2011|pmid=21609898|doi=10.1684/ejd.2011.1357|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dawson AL, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=BMJ|volume=346|issue=5|pages=30–33|date=May 2013|pmid=23657180|doi=10.1136/bmj.f2634|type=Review|jstor=23494950}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Goldberg DJ, Berlin AL|title=Acne and Rosacea: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment|publisher=Manson Pub.|location=London|isbn=978-1-84076-150-4|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|date=October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702231501/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq|archive-date=2 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy vondrom-piarahamonina ambanivohitra sasany mitatitra fa ambany kokoa ny tahan'ny mony raha oharina amin'ireo vondrom-piarahamonina mandroso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldberg2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spen2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Spencer EH, Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND|title=Diet and acne: a review of the evidence|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=48|issue=4|pages=339–47|date=April 2009|pmid=19335417|doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mety ho voakasik'izany koa ny ankizy sy ny olon-dehibe alohan'ny sy aorian'ny fahamaotiana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Admani S, Barrio VR|title=Evaluation and treatment of acne from infancy to preadolescence|journal=Dermatologic Therapy|volume=26|issue=6|pages=462–6|date=November 2013|pmid=24552409|doi=10.1111/dth.12108|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na dia mihena aza ny fahazarana amin'ny mony rehefa lehibe, dia mbola mitohy amin'ny antsasaky ny olona voakasik'izany hatramin'ny roapolo sy telopolo taona, ary mbola misy vondrona kely kokoa miatrika olana amin'ny efapolo taona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhate2013&quot; /&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Fitsaboana ny hoditra]]
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>k9zo7bwlsglj6zyeggm2v1oxel93rsa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lisitry ny taovan-javamaniry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137678</id>
      <parentid>1127902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:38:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nanampy anarana</comment>
      <origin>1137678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2327" sha1="8o5s9tmv1ihc1c57fijlxs8cm22jmkf" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Roots by cesarpb.jpg|vignette|372x372px|[[Faka]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n' ny [[honko]]]]
Inty ny '''lisitry ny taovan-javamaniry''' izay mitanisa ny anaran' ny ampahan-javamaniry toy ny [[Ravina (zavamaniry)|ravina]], ny [[taho]], ny [[rantsana]], ny [[Voninkazo|vony]], ny [[faka]], sns.

== Lisitra ==

=== A ===

* [[atodinaina]]

=== B ===

* [[Baby (zavamaniry)|baby]] [[Baby (zavamaniry)|(zavamaniry)]] 

=== D ===

=== E ===

* [[emboka]] (akondro)

=== F ===

* [[faka]]
* [[fampaho]]
* [[fandray vovobony]]
* [[fehezam-boninkazo]]
* [[felambony]]
* [[felan-dravina]]
* [[fihary atodinaina]]
* [[flôema]]
* [[Foko (taovan-javamaniry)|foko]] ([[Cynanchum junciforme|''Cynanchum junciforme'']] na ''Pycnoneurum junciforme'')
* [[Fonon-taovam-pananahana (zavamaniry)|fonon-taovam-pananahana]]
* [[foto-kazo]]
* [[foto-taho]]

=== G ===

=== H ===

* [[hodi-kazo]]
* [[hoditra (zavamaniry)]]
* [[hoza-dravina]]

=== I ===

=== J ===

=== K ===

* [[kambiôma]]

* [[kiran-dravina]]
* [[ksilema]]

=== L ===

* [[ladina]]
* [[lafitra]] (amin' ny [[akondro]])
* [[laha-kazo aman-dravina]] (fr: &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;''houppier''&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;)
* [[lalan-dranon-kazo]]

* [[lahimbony]]
* [[lalan-dranon-kazo]]
* [[londona]]

=== M ===

* [[mamimbony]]

=== N ===

* [[nofon-kazo]]
* [[nofom-boa]]

=== O ===

=== P ===

* [[pela-dravina]] = [[felan-dravina]]

=== R ===

* [[rantsana]]
* [[ravimbony]]

* [[Ravina (zavamaniry)|Ravina]]
* [[Ravina (zavamaniry)|ravinkazo]]
* [[ravin-tsimoka]]
* [[rizôma]]

=== S ===

* [[sampaho]]

* [[sampana]]

* [[singam-bavimbony]]
* [[sofim-boa]]

=== T ===

* [[taho]]
* [[tahon-dahimbony]]
* [[tahon-tsimoka]]
* [[tangolika]]
* [[tangozam-boa]]
* [[tangozam-bony]]
* [[tangozana]]
* [[tangozan-dravina]]
* [[taranja (taova)]]
* [[totsim-bovoka]] 
* [[tsilo]] 
* [[tsimoka]] 
* [[tsiraka]] 
* [[tsirilahy]] 
* [[Tsirinaina lahy (zavamaniry)|tsirinaina lahy]] 
* [[Tsirivavy (zavamaniry)|tsirivavy]] 

=== V ===

* [[vatan-javamaniry]]
* [[vatan-kazo]]
* [[vavimbony]]
* [[vertisily]]
* [[vihim-bovobony]]
* [[vihin-javamaniry]]
* [[voankazo]]
* [[vodin-javamaniry]]
* [[vody (zavamaniry)]]
* [[vololon-tsiry]]
* [[voninkazo]]

* [[Voninkazo|vony]]
* [[vondrombony]]
* [[vondrom-pelambony]]
* [[vondron-dravimbony]]
* [[vontsina]]
* [[vovobony]]

=== Z ===

* [[zana-pelana]]
* [[zanataho]]</text>
      <sha1>8o5s9tmv1ihc1c57fijlxs8cm22jmkf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fampinonoana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297776</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137642</id>
      <parentid>1129646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:40:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fomba famahanana ronono</comment>
      <origin>1137642</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="483" sha1="lehz1vynlkonq28g1sei0wgte4ldkbc" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Picswiss VS-61-13.jpg|vignette|367x367px|Zana-tsoavaly minono amin-dreniny]]
Ny '''fampinonoana''' dia fomba famahanana [[ronono]] ny [[biby mampinono]] (anisany ny [[olombelona]]) izay mbola kely izay tena mila izany. Ao amin' ny olombelona, ​​ohatra, dia misy fomba roa: fampinonoan-dreny, izay iveloman' ny zaza amin' ny nonon' ny reny, sy ny fampinonoana voatr' olombelona, amin' ny alalan' ny fanomezana solon-dronono sy ny fampiasana fitaovana toy ny tavoahanginono.</text>
      <sha1>lehz1vynlkonq28g1sei0wgte4ldkbc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137643</id>
      <parentid>1137642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rohy anatiny</comment>
      <origin>1137643</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="627" sha1="5l6z4s60qg4r2umjltxseb54t8nh29z" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Picswiss VS-61-13.jpg|vignette|367x367px|Zana-tsoavaly minono amin-dreniny]]
Ny '''fampinonoana''' dia fomba famahanana [[ronono]] ny [[biby mampinono]] (anisany ny [[olombelona]]) izay mbola kely izay tena mila izany. Ao amin' ny olombelona, ​​ohatra, dia misy fomba roa: fampinonoan-dreny, izay iveloman' ny zaza amin' ny nonon' ny reny, sy ny fampinonoana voatr' olombelona, amin' ny alalan' ny fanomezana solon-dronono sy ny fampiasana fitaovana toy ny tavoahanginono.

== Jereo  koa ==

* [[Nono (an' ny olombelona)|Nono]] (an' ny olombelona)
* [[Ronono]]
* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>5l6z4s60qg4r2umjltxseb54t8nh29z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137644</id>
      <parentid>1137643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:44:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="639" sha1="8lemxd77jdfzx6y9wcpupupwkqiqlwu" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Picswiss VS-61-13.jpg|vignette|367x367px|Zana-tsoavaly minono amin-dreniny]]
Ny '''fampinonoana''' dia fomba famahanana [[ronono]] ny [[biby mampinono]] (anisany ny [[olombelona]]) izay mbola kely izay tena mila izany. Ao amin' ny olombelona, ​​ohatra, dia misy fomba roa: fampinonoan-dreny, izay iveloman' ny [[zazakely]] amin' ny nonon' ny [[reny]], sy ny fampinonoana voatr' olombelona, amin' ny alalan' ny fanomezana solon-dronono sy ny fampiasana fitaovana toy ny tavoahanginono.

== Jereo  koa ==

* [[Nono (an' ny olombelona)|Nono]] (an' ny olombelona)
* [[Ronono]]
* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>8lemxd77jdfzx6y9wcpupupwkqiqlwu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zygophyllaceae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137608</id>
      <parentid>1130604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:27:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vondron-karazana misy eto Madagasikara */</comment>
      <origin>1137608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4206" sha1="8w5szygy2r71aqg5x28h0onh6fmcbmb" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Larrea tridentata 1.jpg|vignette|396x396px|''Larrea tridentata'']]
Ny '''''Zygophyllaceae''''' dia fianakaviana zavamaniry mamony; misy karazana 235 mitsinjara amin' ny vondron-karazana 30 eo ho eo. Izy ireo dia hazo, hazobotry, na zavamaniry ahitra amin' ny faritra manana toetany antonony sy indrindra trôpikaly, matetika any amin' ny faritra maina sy alikalinina. Ny faritra misy karazana samihafa amin' ity fianakaviana ity dia ahitana an' i [[Afrika]], i [[Azia Atsimo]], i [[India]], i [[Aostralia]] ary ny ampahany amin' i [[Etazonia]].

Manome hazo mafy sy makitroka ny vondron-karazana ''Guaiacum''. Matetika mifanohitra, matetika misy kambim-pelana am-poto-tangoza sy [[Tsivory|tsilo]] ny raviny.

Ao amin' ny [[fanasokajiana APG II]] (2003) dia mifamatotra mivantana amin' ny ''Fabidae'' ny ''Zygophyllaceae''. Noho izany dia tsy maintsy ampiana ny vondron-karazana ''Balanites'' (sy ny maromaro hafa avy amin' ny fianakaviana ''Balanitaceae''). Azo ampidirina ao amin' ny ''Zygophyllaceae'' na, raha tsy izany, asondrotra ho fianakaviana ''Krameriaceae'' ny vondron-karazana ''Krameria''.

Manaiky karazana 285 mitsinjara amin' ny vondron-karazana 26 ny ''[[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]]'' [3 Okt 2006]. Mametraka ity fianakaviana ity ao amin' ny filaharana ''[[Zygophyllales]]'' izy io, safidy izay nohamafisin' ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]] (2009).

== Fanasokajiana ==

=== Zana-pianakaviana sy vondron-karazana ===

; Larreoideae

* ''Bulnesia'' &lt;small&gt;Gay&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Guaiacum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Larrea'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pintoa'' &lt;small&gt;Gay&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Porlieria'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;

; Morkillioideae

* ''Morkillia'' &lt;small&gt;Rose &amp; J.H.Painter&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sericodes'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Viscainoa'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;

; Seetzenioideae

* ''Seetzenia'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br. ex Decne.&lt;/small&gt;

; Tribuloideae

* ''Balanites'' &lt;small&gt;Delile&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kallstroemia'' &lt;small&gt;Scop.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kelleronia'' &lt;small&gt;Schinz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neoluederitzia'' &lt;small&gt;Schinz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sisyndite'' &lt;small&gt;E.Mey. ex Sond.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tribulopis'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;

; Zygophylloideae

* ''Augea'' &lt;small&gt;Thunb.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''Fagonia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''Melocarpum'' &lt;small&gt;(Engl.) Beier &amp; Thulin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Miltianthus'' Bunge
* ''Roepera'' &lt;small&gt;A.Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tetraena'' &lt;small&gt;Maxim.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''[[Zygophyllum]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;

; Tsy misy hametrahana azy

* ''Metharme'' &lt;small&gt;Phil. ex Engl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plectrocarpa'' &lt;small&gt;Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;

Ny ''Peganum'' dia tao amin' ny ''Zygophyllaceae'' talohan' ny namindrana azy tany amin' ny fianakaviana ''Nitrariaceae'' izat vao noforonina.

=== Lisitry ny vondron-karazana ===

* ''Augea'' Thunb. (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''Balanites'' Delile
* ''Bulnesia'' Gay
* ''Fagonia'' L. (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''Guaiacum'' L.
* ''Kallstroemia'' Scop.
* ''Kelleronia'' Schinz
* ''Larrea'' Cav.
* ''Melocarpum'' (Engl.) Beier &amp; Thulin
* ''Metharme'' Phil. ex Engl.
* ''Miltianthus'' Bunge
* ''Morkillia'' Rose &amp; J.H.Painter
* ''Neoluederitzia'' Schinz
* ''Pintoa'' Gay
* ''Plectrocarpa'' Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.
* ''Porlieria'' Ruiz &amp; Pav.
* ''Roepera'' A.Juss.
* ''Seetzenia'' R.Br. ex Decne.
* ''Sericodes'' A.Gray
* ''Sisyndite'' E.Mey. ex Sond.
* ''[[Tetraena]]'' Maxim. (= ''Zygophyllum'')
* ''Tribulopis'' R.Br.
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' L.
* ''Viscainoa'' Greene
* ''[[Zygophyllum]]'' L.

=== Vondron-karazana misy eto Madagasikara ===
[[Sary:Tribulus terrestris (Family Zygophyllaceae).jpg|vignette|242x242px|Bakakely na hisatsy (''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'')]]
Eto [[Madagasikara]], ny fianakaviana ''Zygophyllaceae'' dia aseho amin' ny vondron-karazana vitsy, indrindra any amin' ny tontolo maina any atsimo sy andrefan' ny Nosy.

* ''[[Tetraena]]'' na ''[[Zygophyllum]]''
** [[Tetraena madecassa|''Tetraena'' ''madecassa'']] na ''Zygophyllum madecassum''
** ''[[Tetraena madagascariensis]]'' na ''Zygophyllum madagascariensis''
** ''[[Tetraena simplex]]'' na ''Zygophyllum simplex''

* ''[[Tribulus]]''
** ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (bakakely na hisatry)
** ''[[Tribulus cistoides]]''

== Jereo koa ==</text>
      <sha1>8w5szygy2r71aqg5x28h0onh6fmcbmb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tribulus</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Karazana maniry eto Madagasikara</comment>
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      <text bytes="2479" sha1="hjw7gbxqqxjmaw14xuynm0zsdeilhvf" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Starr 040801-0004 Tribulus cistoides.jpg|vignette|388x388px|''[[Tribulus cistoides]]'']]
Ny '''''Tribulus''''' dia vondron-karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry]] [[Angiospermae|mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Sapindales]] na [[Zygophyllales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), ary hita any amin' ny faritra manana toetany sy tany samihafa eran-tany eo anelanelan' ny fehintany 35°At sy 47°Av. Ny karazana fantatra  indrindra dia ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (bakakely na hisatsy), izay karazan-javamaniry sy ahidratsy miparitaka be. Zavamaniry maharitra ny ankabetsahan' ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Tribulus'', fa maniry isan-taona kosa ny sasany any amin' ny faritra manana toetany mangatsiaka kokoa. Mifanohitra sy mitambatra ny raviny. Tonga lafatra (sady lahy no vavy) ny voniny izay manana felam-bony dimy mitovy, ary ny [[Insecta|bibikely]] no miantoka ny famindrana [[vovobony]].

== Lisitry ny karazana ==
[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|vignette|''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'']]
Inty ny lisitry ny karazana araka ny ''[[BioLib]]'' &lt;small&gt;(9&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;Okt 2025)&lt;/small&gt;:

* ''Tribulus adelacanthus'' R.M.Barker
* ''Tribulus arabicus'' Hosni
* ''Tribulus astrocarpus'' F.Muell.
* ''Tribulus bimucronatus'' Viv.
* ''[[Tribulus cistoides]]'' L.
* ''Tribulus cristatus'' C.Presl
* ''Tribulus echinops'' Kers
* ''Tribulus eichlerianus'' K.L.Wilson
* ''Tribulus excrucians'' Wawra
* ''Tribulus forrestii'' F.Muell.
* ''Tribulus hirsutus'' Benth.
* ''Tribulus hystrix'' R.Br.
* ''Tribulus incanus'' Hosni
* ''Tribulus kaiseri'' Hosni
* ''Tribulus longipetalus'' Viv.
* ''Tribulus macrocarpus'' F.Muell. ex Benth.
* ''Tribulus macropterus'' Boiss.
* ''Tribulus megistopterus'' Kralik
* ''Tribulus micrococcus'' Domin
* ''Tribulus minutus'' Leichh. ex Benth.
* ''Tribulus mollis'' Ehrenb. ex Schweinf.
* ''Tribulus occidentalis'' R.Br.
* ''Tribulus parvispinus'' C.Presl
* ''Tribulus pentandrus'' Forssk.
* ''Tribulus platypterus'' Benth.
* ''Tribulus ranunculiflorus'' F.Muell.
* ''Tribulus spurius'' Kralik
* ''Tribulus suberosus'' H.Eichler ex R.M.Barker
* ''[[Tribulus subramanyamii]]'' P.Singh, G.S.Giri &amp; V.Singh
* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' L. - bakakeky na hisatsy
* ''Tribulus zeyheri'' Sond.

=== Karazana isy eto Madagasikara ===
Indreto ny karazana misy eto [[Madagasikara]]:

* ''[[Tribulus cistoides]]''
* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Bakakely]]</text>
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    <title>Tribulus terrestris</title>
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      <text bytes="13373" sha1="54ynfvp9zec5l9wt3h3d1fvbct3mby2" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Tribulus terrestris (Family Zygophyllaceae).jpg|vignette|441x441px|Bakakely na hisatsy (''Tribulus terrestris'')]]
Ny '''''Tribulus terrestris''''' dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] sy maniry isan-taona ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]''. Miely patrana eran-tany izy io ary namolavola toetra mifanaraka amin' ny toerana misy toetany maina izay vitsy zavamaniry hafa afaka mivelona. Atao hoe '''bakakely''', '''hisatsa''' na '''hisatsy''' izy io amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]]. Teratany any amin' ny faritra mafana antonony sy trôpikaly any amin' ny tapany atsimo amin' i [[Eorazia]] sy aty [[Afrika]] izy io. Tafiditra tsy nahy tany [[Amerika Avaratra]] sy tany [[Aostralia]] izy io. Karazan-javamaniry sy manafika ny ''Tribulus'' ''terrestris'' izay heverina ho [[ahidratsy]] mampidi-doza noho ny voany kely mafy misy tsilo maranitra sy matanjaka izay mora mitsatoka amin' ny felan-tongotra tsy mikapa na amin' ny kiraro manify, amin' ny [[Kodiarana|kodiara]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n' ny [[bisikileta]], ary amin' ny vava sy ny hoditry ny [[biby fiompy]]. Ampiasaina amin' ny [[fitsaboana nentim-paharazana]] izy io any amin' ny faritra maro ary misy ny olona mampiasa azy io mba hanentanana ny famokarana testôsterônina.

== Famariparitana ==
Ahitra maniry isan-taona amin' ny [[fahavaratra]] any amin' ny faritra manana [[toetany antonony]] ny ''Tribulus terrestris''. 

=== Taho ===
[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|vignette|Ravina taho ary tsilo]]
Ny misampana avy amin' ny foto-taho ny tahony sady be volovolo izay misandrahaka amin' ny savaivo 10 sm ka hatramin' ny 1 m mahery . Matetika ireo taho ireo dia mipetaka amin' ny tany, na dia mety haniry mitsangana kokoa raha eo amin' ny alokaloka na eo afovoan' ny zavamaniry avo kokoa.

=== Ravina ===
[[Sary:Tribulus terrestris - at Maharashtra- IRCTC 2017 (1).jpg|ankavia|vignette|Vonin' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'']]
Mifanohitra ny raviny toa volom-borona izay fitambarana [[zana-pelana]]. Mifanohitra koa ny zana-pelana izay manana halava mahatratra 3 mm.

=== Vony ===
Mirefy 4 hatramin' ny 10 mm ny savaivon' ny voniny, misy [[felambony]] mavo dimy miloko mavo, misy [[ravimbony]] dimy ary [[lahimbony]] folo. Any California Atsimo, mamony izy io manomboka amin' ny volana Avrily ka hatramin' ny Oktobra, ary tena manafika any amin' ny toerana malalaka na amin' ny tany voakorontana.

=== Voa ===
[[Sary:Tribulus terrestris 5.jpg|ankavia|vignette|212x212px|Voan' ny bakakely lena]]
Aorian' ny famelanana dia miforona ny voa izay mihasina ho [[singam-bavimbony]] dimy miendrika kintana. Mafy ireo hasina ireo ary misy tsilo maranitra roa ka hatramin' ny efatra (roa fohy sy roa lava) avy manana halava 10 mm sy sakany 4 hatramin' ny 6 mm. Tena miendrika lohan' osy na lohan' omby misy tandroka ireo hasina ireo. Maranitra ireo &quot;tandroka&quot; ireo ka afaka manindrona kodiarana bisikileta sy zavatra hafa. Mety hiteraka ratra mangirifiry amin' ny faladia tsy mikiraro koa izy ireo ary mety handratra ny vavan' ny biby fiompy mihinana an' ilay zavamaniry.
[[Sary:Trte 003 lhp.jpg|vignette|Voan' ny bakakely efa maina]]
Ao anatin' ny hasina tsirairay dia mifanizina ny vihim-boa izay sarahan' ny elabakaka mafy. Any amin' ny faritra manana toetany maina dia ny vihim-boa lehibe indrindra no mitsimoka voalohany, fa ny sisa kosa miandry ny fisian' ny hamandoana bebe kokoa vao mitsimoka. Mitodika miakatra ny tsilo ka miraikitra amin' ny tongotra sy ny volon' ny biby, izay manaparitaka ny voa. Mankarary ny biby fiompy izany ary manimba ny volony.

== Fampiasana azy ==

=== Sakafo sy famenon-tsakafo ary fanafody ===
[[Sary:Tribulus Terrestris.jpg|vignette|Fanafody vita amin' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'']]
[[Sary:Tribulus terrestris growing on a beach (Philippines) 2.jpg|vignette|Vony|ankavia]]
Hanin' ny olona any [[Azia Atsinanana]] ny ravina sy ny tsimoka avy amin' ny ''Tribulus terrestris''. Ampiasaina hamparihitra ny rononon-dibera mitsiranoka ny tahony&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). ''[https://www.amazon.com/Cultural-History-Plants-Ghillean-Prance/dp/0415927463 The Cultural History of Plants]''. Routledge. p. 35. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-415-92746-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Zavamaniry fanafody efa nampiasaina tamin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana hatramin' ny [[Andro Taloha]] ny ''Tribulus terrestris''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pokrywka, Andrzej; Obmiński, Zbigniew; Malczewska-Lenczowska, Jadwiga; Fijatek, Zbigniew; Turek-Lepa, Ewa; Grucza, Ryszard (8 July 2014). &quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4120469/ Insights into supplements with Tribulus terrestris used by athletes]&quot;. Journal of Human Kinetics. 41 (1): 99–105. doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0037. ISSN 1899-7562. PMC 4120469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 25114736&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Ampiasaina any [[India]] sy any [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] izy io noho ny toetrany manaitra ny filana ara-piraisana ara-nofo sy mampatanjaka, ary hitsaboana aretin' ny [[fo]] sy ny [[lalandra]]. Ny iray amin' ny singa miasa ao aminy, ny harmina, izay navahana tamin' ny taonjato faha-19, dia manana toetra manaitaitra sy misy fiantrakany amin' ny saina ka nahitana fampiharana amin' ny fitsaboana ny aretin' i Parkinson&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCDPHA_T_2002_JACOT_ELISE.pdf Contribution à l'étude de ''Tribulus Terrestris'']&quot; [PDF] ([https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocnum.univ-lorraine.fr%2Fpublic%2FSCDPHA_T_2002_JACOT_ELISE.pdf arsiva]), ''univ-lorraine.fr'', 2002&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Nampiasaina ho famenon-tsakafo ny singa azo avy aminy nanomboka tamin' ny taompolo 1980 amin' ny fiheverana fa mampitombo ny haavon' ny testôsterônina izany mba hananana vatana matanjaka na fahavitrihana amin' ny firaisana ara-nofo ho an' ny lehilahy, nefa tsy nanamarina ny vokatra tsy miova momba izany ny fanadihadiana natao, tsy azo antoka koa ny tsy mampisy voka-dratsy ny fampiasana azy, ary mety hisy fiantraikany ratsy amin' ny fiasan' ny fanafody sasany&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/dietary-supplements-marketed-for-weight-loss-bodybuilding-and-sexual-enhancement-science Dietary Supplements Marketed for Weight Loss, Bodybuilding, and Sexual Enhancement: What the Science Says]&quot;. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. 10 January 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2021.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Naneho ny fandinihana tamin' ny taona 2014 fa ny ''Tribulus'' dia mampitombo ny faniriana ara-nofo ao amin' ny vehivavy izay tsy ampy faniriana ara-nofo (tratran' ny ''Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder'' ''-'' HSDD), nefa tsy misy fiantraikany hafa izany&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Elham Akhtari, Firoozeh Raisi, Mansoor Keshavarz et Hamed Hosseini, &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24773615/ Tribulus terrestris for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo - controlled study]&quot;, ''Daru: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences'', vol. 22,‎ 28 avril 2014, p. 40 (ISSN 2008-2231, &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 24773615&lt;/nowiki&gt;, PMCID PMC4045980, DOI 10.1186/2008-2231-22-40, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 16 août 2018)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' io taona io ihany, ny meta-analizy&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ahmed Qureshi, Declan P. Naughton et Andrea Petroczi, &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24559105/ A systematic review on the herbal extract Tribulus terrestris and the roots of its putative aphrodisiac and performance enhancing effect]&quot;, Journal of Dietary Supplements, vol. 11, no 1,‎ mars 2014, p. 64–79 (ISSN 1939-022X, &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 24559105&lt;/nowiki&gt;, DOI 10.3109/19390211.2014.887602, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 16 août 2018)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; sy ny fanadihadiana ara-pitsaboana&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;C. A. Santos, L. O. Reis, R. Destro-Saade et A. Luiza-Reis, &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24630840/ Tribulus terrestris versus placebo in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A prospective, randomized, double blind study]&quot;, ''Actas Urologicas Espanolas'', vol. 38, no 4,‎ mai 2014, p. 244–248 (ISSN 1699-7980, &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 24630840&lt;/nowiki&gt;, DOI 10.1016/j.acuro.2013.09.014, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 16 août 2018)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; dia naneho fa tsy mampitombo ny haavon' ny testôsterôna sy tsy namaha fikorontanan' ny fahadangirana ny ''Tribulus Terrestris''. Voaporofo anefa ny fahombiazany amin' ny fampitomboana ny fahatairana ara-nofo ao amin' ny [[voalavo]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Kazim Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan et Hasan Gencoglu, &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29853975/ MAT, a Novel Polyherbal Aphrodisiac Formulation, Enhances Sexual Function and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway While Reducing Oxidative Damage in Male Rats]&quot;, ''Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM'', vol. 2018,‎ 2018, p. 8521782 (ISSN 1741-427X, &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 29853975&lt;/nowiki&gt;, PMCID PMC5949178, DOI 10.1155/2018/8521782, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 16 août 2018)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tsy nisy ny fikarohana avo lenta momba ny fampiasana ny vokatra azo avy amin' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'', ary tsy misy fandalinana milaza fa manana toetra manamafy ny tanjaka na misy fiantraikany amin' ny fitombon' ny nofotra na amin' ny famokarana testôsterôna na hanatsarana ny firaisana ara-nofo ny fampiasana izany&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Manakana ny atleta tsy hampiasa fanafody na famenon-tsakafo vita amin' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'' ny ''Australian Institute of Sport''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

Misy milaza fa misy fiantraikany amin' ny fisorohana ny vato anaty [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] (litiazy anaty amany) ny ''Tribulus terrestris'', indrindra ny ôksalatana kalsiôma (CaC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;). Ampiasaina izy io amin' ny fitsaboana biby&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Éric Lorrain, chap. 97 &quot;[https://ident.univ-amu.fr/cas/login?service=https%3a%2f%2flogin.lama.univ-amu.fr%2flogin%3fqurl%3dezp.2aHR0cHM6Ly9zdG0uY2Fpcm4uaW5mby9ncmFuZC1tYW51ZWwtZGUtcGh5dG90aGVyYXBpZS0tOTc4MjEwMDc4MTU2MC1wYWdlLTE0OTA.bGFuZz1mcg-- Le tribulus]&quot;, ''Grand Manuel de phytothérapie'', Dunod, coll. &quot;L.es nouveaux chemins de la santé&quot;, 2019, 1769 p. (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782100781560&lt;/nowiki&gt;, [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstm-cairn-info.lama.univ-amu.fr%2Fgrand-manuel-de-phytotherapie--9782100781560-page-1490%3Flang%3Dfr arsiva]]), pp. 1490-1507&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ny singa voanjanahary avy amin' ny voan' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'' dia ahazoana môlekiola ao amin' ny fianakavian' ny sapôninina, izay ivon' ny fandalinana simia maro toy ny biôsimia, ny biôfarmaseotika ary ny fisintonana vokatra voajanahary&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Kostova, I., &amp; Dinchev, D. (2005). ''&quot;[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-005-2833-x Saponins in Tribulus terrestris – chemistry and bioactivity]&quot;.'' ''Phytochemistry Reviews'', 4, 111–137.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Dinchev, D. et al. (2008). &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25172515/ Steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris]&quot;. ''Phytochemistry'', 69(9), 1767–1772.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Fitôsimia sy poizina ===
[[Sary:Dried Tribulus Terrestris at Bakin Dogo Market, Kaduna North.jpg|vignette|Voan' ny ''Tribulus terrestris'']]
Mampiseho ny fisian' ny [[sapôninina]] sterôidiana ny fitôsimian' ny ''Tribulus terrestris''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Dinchev, Dragomir (Mey 2007). &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942207004657 Distribution of steroidal saponins in ''Tribulus terrestris'' from different geographical regions]&quot;. Phytochemistry. 69 (1): 176–186. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.003. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 17719068&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Fantatra fa miteraka fahasimban' ny [[aty]] ny taharo misy poizina ao amin' ilay zavamaniry raha hanina amin' ny fatra ambony&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK583201/? LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury]&quot;, ''National Library of Medecine''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Miangona ao amin' ny [[ra]] ny filôeritrinina izay vokatra azo avy amin' ny fahasimban' ny [[klôrôfila]] (na [[famaitso]]) voatelina; na izany aza dia tsy mbola voamarina fa misy fiantraikany ratsy eo amin' ny olombelona izany. Amin' ny [[ondry]], ny fihinanana ''Tribulus terrestris'' dia miteraka [[tribolôzy]], izay karazana [[fôtôdermatita]] (aretin-koditra vokatry ny hazavan' ny masoandro)&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;''[https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.html#Tribulus%20terrestris Tribulus terrestris]''&quot;, BoDD – ''Botanical Dermatology Database''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Toa miteraka parezian' ny rantsam-batana (fahalemen' ny nofotra) ny [[alkalôida]] roa (harmana sy nôrharmana) izay mahatonga ny ondry mihinana ''Tribulus terrestris'' tsy hahay mamindra&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bourke CA, Stevens GR, Carrigan MJ (July 1992). &quot;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1445080/ Locomotor effects in sheep of alkaloids identified in Australian Tribulus terrestris]&quot;. ''Australian Veterinary Journal''. 69 (7): 163–165. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb07502.x. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 1445080&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Eo amin' ny 44 mg / kg ny alkalôida ao amin' ny ravina maina&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Tribulus]]''
* [[Bakakely]]: ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''Tribulus terrestris'' (''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'')

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>54ynfvp9zec5l9wt3h3d1fvbct3mby2</sha1>
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      <text bytes="1590" sha1="6ntkuaont9vvukfjmhsrwqcgjfqe6lt" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz07.jpg|vignette|277x277px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|ankavia|vignette|''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'']]
Ny '''bakakely''' dia [[Plantae|zavamaniry]] isan-karazany ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'' sy ''[[Asteraceae]]'', dia ireto izany:
[[Sary:Starr 050517-1547 Acanthospermum australe.jpg|ankavia|vignette|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]

* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' DC. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely, fatika: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]], izay niparitaka amin' ny faritra trôpikaly maro, matetika lasa ahi-dratsy manana voa misy tsilo aparitaky ny biby.
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]], miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly, fantatra amin' ny tahony misy tsilo misampana telo sy ny voa misy tsilo mora aparitaky ny biby; heverina ho ahidratsy manafika eny an-tanimboly, ary mety mahafaty ny biby fiompy noho ny poizina ao aminy.

* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' L. (''Zygophyllaceae'') -- bakakely, hisatsa, hisatsy: ahitra mandady maniry isan-taona, teratany any amin' ny faritra manana toetany antonony any amin' ny Tontolo Taloha, mipaitaka any amin' ny faritra mafana sy maina, ny raviny mifanohitra ary ny voany misy tsilo, ahidratsy eny amin' ny tanimboly sy eny an-kijana, sady ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' 
* ''[[Xanthium]]''</text>
      <sha1>6ntkuaont9vvukfjmhsrwqcgjfqe6lt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137595</id>
      <parentid>1137594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T18:49:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nandamina sary</comment>
      <origin>1137595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1740" sha1="r2jf1q0uyrrkxxulzch34rnkk763whc" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz07.jpg|vignette|277x277px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
Ny '''bakakely''' dia [[Plantae|zavamaniry]] isan-karazany ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'' sy ''[[Asteraceae]]'', dia ireto izany: ny ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''Asteraceae'') sy ,y ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]''  (''Asteraceae'') ary ny ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''Zygophyllaceae'').
[[Sary:Starr 050517-1547 Acanthospermum australe.jpg|ankavia|vignette|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]

* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' DC. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely, fatika: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]], izay niparitaka amin' ny faritra trôpikaly maro, matetika lasa ahi-dratsy manana voa misy tsilo aparitaky ny biby.
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]], miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly, fantatra amin' ny tahony misy tsilo misampana telo sy ny voa misy tsilo mora aparitaky ny biby; heverina ho ahidratsy manafika eny an-tanimboly, ary mety mahafaty ny biby fiompy noho ny poizina ao aminy.[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|vignette|''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'']]

* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' L. (''Zygophyllaceae'') -- bakakely, hisatsa, hisatsy: ahitra mandady maniry isan-taona, teratany any amin' ny faritra manana toetany antonony any amin' ny Tontolo Taloha, mipaitaka any amin' ny faritra mafana sy maina, ny raviny mifanohitra ary ny voany misy tsilo, ahidratsy eny amin' ny tanimboly sy eny an-kijana, sady ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' 
* ''[[Xanthium]]''</text>
      <sha1>r2jf1q0uyrrkxxulzch34rnkk763whc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137597</id>
      <parentid>1137595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T19:01:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1740" sha1="he2918bft0oldzy16qofm2ztgaz5tlp" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz07.jpg|vignette|277x277px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
Ny '''bakakely''' dia [[Plantae|zavamaniry]] isan-karazany ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'' sy ''[[Asteraceae]]'', dia ireto izany: ny ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''Asteraceae'') sy ny ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]''  (''Asteraceae'') ary ny ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''Zygophyllaceae'').
[[Sary:Starr 050517-1547 Acanthospermum australe.jpg|ankavia|vignette|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]

* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' DC. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely, fatika: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]], izay niparitaka amin' ny faritra trôpikaly maro, matetika lasa ahi-dratsy manana voa misy tsilo aparitaky ny biby.
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]], miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly, fantatra amin' ny tahony misy tsilo misampana telo sy ny voa misy tsilo mora aparitaky ny biby; heverina ho ahidratsy manafika eny an-tanimboly, ary mety mahafaty ny biby fiompy noho ny poizina ao aminy.[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|vignette|''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'']]

* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' L. (''Zygophyllaceae'') -- bakakely, hisatsa, hisatsy: ahitra mandady maniry isan-taona, teratany any amin' ny faritra manana toetany antonony any amin' ny Tontolo Taloha, mipaitaka any amin' ny faritra mafana sy maina, ny raviny mifanohitra ary ny voany misy tsilo, ahidratsy eny amin' ny tanimboly sy eny an-kijana, sady ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' 
* ''[[Xanthium]]''</text>
      <sha1>he2918bft0oldzy16qofm2ztgaz5tlp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137598</id>
      <parentid>1137597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T19:02:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1743" sha1="nk4jwar3714bd5dbcypa7c2vp1np7ya" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz07.jpg|vignette|277x277px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum W2 IMG 2208.jpg|ankavia|vignette|230x230px|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]
Ny '''bakakely''' dia [[Plantae|zavamaniry]] isan-karazany ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'' sy ''[[Asteraceae]]'', dia ireto izany: ny ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''Asteraceae'') sy ny ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]''  (''Asteraceae'') ary ny ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''Zygophyllaceae'').
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' DC. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely, fatika: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]], izay niparitaka amin' ny faritra trôpikaly maro, matetika lasa ahi-dratsy manana voa misy tsilo aparitaky ny biby.
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L. (''Asteraceae'') -- bakakely: ahitra maniry isan-taona avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]], miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly, fantatra amin' ny tahony misy tsilo misampana telo sy ny voa misy tsilo mora aparitaky ny biby; heverina ho ahidratsy manafika eny an-tanimboly, ary mety mahafaty ny biby fiompy noho ny poizina ao aminy.[[Sary:კუროსთავი Tribulus terrestris Burzeldorn.JPG|vignette|''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'']]

* ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' L. (''Zygophyllaceae'') -- bakakely, hisatsa, hisatsy: ahitra mandady maniry isan-taona, teratany any amin' ny faritra manana toetany antonony any amin' ny Tontolo Taloha, mipaitaka any amin' ny faritra mafana sy maina, ny raviny mifanohitra ary ny voany misy tsilo, ahidratsy eny amin' ny tanimboly sy eny an-kijana, sady ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* ''[[Tribulus]]'' 
* ''[[Xanthium]]''</text>
      <sha1>nk4jwar3714bd5dbcypa7c2vp1np7ya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lisitry ny vondron-karazana ao amin' ny Asteraceae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137604</id>
      <parentid>1131678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:08:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75847" sha1="dp37dv0flpaq0htxst0k3xqg22459c9" xml:space="preserve">Ny '''lisitry ny vondron-karazana ao amin' ny ''Asteraceae''''', izay fianakavian-javamaniry faharoa lehibe indrindra ao amin' ny tontolon' ny [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry]] [[Angiospermae|mamony]], ao aorian' ny ''[[Orchidaceae]]'' (izay misy karazana 25&amp;nbsp;000) fa eo alohan' ny ''[[Fabaceae]]'', dia mitanisa vondron-karazana miisa eo anelanelan' ny 1&amp;nbsp;600 sy 1&amp;nbsp;900. Tamin' ny Oktobra 2025 ny ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' dia nitanisa vondron-karazana miisa 1&amp;nbsp;716 ekena ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]''. Inty ny lisitr' ireo vondron-karazana ireo araka ny ''Plants of the World Online'' tamin' ny Jona 2025.

== A ==

* ''Abrotanella'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acamptopappus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Acanthocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Kar. &amp; Kir.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthocladium'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthodesmos'' &lt;small&gt;C.D.Adams &amp; duQuesnay&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Acanthospermum]]'' &lt;small&gt;Schrank&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Acanthostyles'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Achillea'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Achnophora'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Achnopogon'' &lt;small&gt;Maguire, Steyerm. &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Achyrachaena'' &lt;small&gt;Schauer&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Achyranthemum'' &lt;small&gt;N.G.Bergh&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Achyrocline'' &lt;small&gt;(Less.) DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Achyropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acilepidopsis'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acilepis'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acmella'' &lt;small&gt;Rich. ex Pers.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acomis'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acourtia'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Acrisione'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acritopappus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Actinobole'' &lt;small&gt;Endl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acunniana'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adeia'' G.L.Nesom
* ''Adelostigma'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenanthellum'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenocaulon'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Adenocritonia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenoglossa'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenoon'' &lt;small&gt;Dalzell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Adenostemma'' &lt;small&gt;J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Adenostyles'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adenothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;D.D.Keck&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Adiaphila'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aedesia'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aequatorium'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aetheolaena'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aetheorhiza'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''[[Sonchus]]'')
* ''Afroaster'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Manning &amp; Goldblatt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Afrocarduus'' &lt;small&gt;(Kazmi) N.Garcia, Moreyra &amp; Susanna&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Afrocirsium'' &lt;small&gt;Calleja, N.Garcia, Moreyra &amp; Susanna&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ageratella'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray ex S.Watson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ageratina'' &lt;small&gt;Spach&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ageratinastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ageratum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Agnorhiza'' &lt;small&gt;(Jeps.) W.A.Weber&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Agoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Agrianthus'' &lt;small&gt;Mart. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ainsliaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ajania'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ajaniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;C.Shih&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Alatoseta'' &lt;small&gt;Compton&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Albertinia'' &lt;small&gt;Spreng.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aldama'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Alepidocline'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Alfredia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aliella'' &lt;small&gt;Qaiser &amp; Lack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allagopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allardia'' &lt;small&gt;Decne.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allittia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Bringel, J.N.Nakaj. &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Alloispermum'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allopterigeron'' &lt;small&gt;Dunlop&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Almutaster'' &lt;small&gt;Á.Löve &amp; D.Löve&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Alomia'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Alomiella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amauria'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ambassa'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amberboa'' &lt;small&gt;(Pers.) Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amblyolepis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amblyopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amblysperma'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amboroa'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ambrosia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ameghinoa'' &lt;small&gt;Speg.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amellus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ammobium'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amolinia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ampelaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Amphiachyris'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Amphiglossa'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Amphipappus'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Amphoricarpos'' &lt;small&gt;Vis.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anacantha'' &lt;small&gt;(Iljin) Soják&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anacis'' Schrank
* ''Anacyclus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ananthura'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anaphalioides'' &lt;small&gt;(Benth. &amp; Hook.f.) Kirp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anaphalis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Anastraphia'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anaxeton'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ancathia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ancistrocarphus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anderbergia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Andicolea'' &lt;small&gt;Mayta &amp; Molinari&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Andryala'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anemocarpa'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Angeldiazia'' &lt;small&gt;M.O.Dillon &amp; Zapata&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Angianthus'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Wendl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anisocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anisochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anisocoma'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anisopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Antennaria'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Anteremanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Anthematricaria'' &lt;small&gt;Asch&lt;/small&gt;. (''Anthemis'' × ''Matricaria'')
* ''Anthemis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''× Anthepleurospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Rothm&lt;/small&gt;. (''Anthemis'' × ''Tripleurospermum'')
* ''Anticona'' &lt;small&gt;E.Linares, J.Campos &amp; A.Galán&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Antillanthus'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Antillia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Antiphiona'' &lt;small&gt;Merxm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anvillea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Apalochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aphanactis'' &lt;small&gt;Wedd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aphanostephus'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Aphelexis'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aphyllocladus'' &lt;small&gt;Wedd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Apodocephala'' &lt;small&gt;Baker&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Apopyros'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aposeris'' &lt;small&gt;Neck.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Apostates'' &lt;small&gt;Lander&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Apowollastonia'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aquilula'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arbelaezaster'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Archanthemis'' &lt;small&gt;Lo Presti &amp; Oberpr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Archibaccharis'' &lt;small&gt;Heering&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Archidasyphyllum'' &lt;small&gt;(Cabrera) P.L.Ferreira, Saavedra &amp; Groppo&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Archiserratula'' &lt;small&gt;L.Martins&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arctium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – burdock
* ''Arctogeron'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arctotheca'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Wendl.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Arctotis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Argentipallium'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Argyranthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Webb&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''× Argyrautia'' &lt;small&gt;Sherff&lt;/small&gt; (''Argyroxiphium'' × ''Dubautia'')
* ''Argyroglottis'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Argyrotegium'' &lt;small&gt;J.M.Ward &amp; Breitw.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Argyroxiphium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Aristeguietia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arnaldoa'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arnica'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – arnica
* ''Arnicastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arnoglossum'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Arnoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arrhenechthites'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arrojadocharis'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Arrowsmithia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Artemisia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Artemisiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Asanthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ascidiogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Askellia'' &lt;small&gt;W.A.Weber&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aspilia'' &lt;small&gt;Thouars&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Asplundianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Astartoseris'' &lt;small&gt;N.Kilian, Hand, Hadjik., Christodoulou &amp; Bou Dagh.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aster'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – aster
* ''Asteridea'' &lt;small&gt;Lindl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Asteriscus'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Asterothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Novopokr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Asterron'' &lt;small&gt;Olshanskyi&lt;/small&gt; (''Aster'' × ''Erigeron'')
* ''Astranthium'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Athanasia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Athrixia'' &lt;small&gt;Ker Gawl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Athroisma'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Atractylis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Atractylodes'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Atrichantha'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Atrichoseris'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austrobrickellia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austrocritonia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austroeupatorium'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austroflourensia'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Ospina &amp; S.E.Freire&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austroliabum'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Austrosynotis'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Avellara'' &lt;small&gt;Blanca &amp; C.Díaz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Axiniphyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ayapana'' &lt;small&gt;Spach&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ayapanopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aynia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Aytacia'' Yıld.
* ''Aztecaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;

== B ==

* ''Baccharis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – baccharis
* ''Baccharoides'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Baculellum'' &lt;small&gt;L.V.Ozerova &amp; A.C.Timonin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Bacurio'' &lt;small&gt;Gideon F.Sm. &amp; Figueiredo&lt;/small&gt; (''Baculellum'' × ''Curio'')
* ''Badilloa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Baeriopsis'' &lt;small&gt;J.T.Howell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bahianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bahiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Kellogg&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Baileya'' &lt;small&gt;Harv. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bajacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Loockerman, B.L.Turner &amp; R.K.Jansen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Balduina'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Balladonia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Balsamorhiza'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Baltimora'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Barkleyanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Barnadesia'' &lt;small&gt;Mutis ex L.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Barrosoa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bartlettia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bartlettina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Basedowia'' &lt;small&gt;E.Pritz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bathysanthus'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Batopilasia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom &amp; R.D.Noyes&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bebbia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bechium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bedfordia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bejaranoa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bellida'' &lt;small&gt;Ewart&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bellis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – daisy
* ''Bellium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belloa'' &lt;small&gt;J.Rémy&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Benitoa'' &lt;small&gt;D.D.Keck&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Berardia'' &lt;small&gt;Vill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Berkheya'' &lt;small&gt;Ehrh.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Berkheyopsis'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Berlandiera'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Berroa'' &lt;small&gt;Beauverd&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bertilia'' &lt;small&gt;Cron&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Berylsimpsonia'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Turner&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bethencourtia'' &lt;small&gt;Choisy&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bidens'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bigelowia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bishopanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bishopiella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bishovia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blainvillea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blakiella'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blanchetia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blennosperma'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Blennospora'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blepharipappus'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blepharispermum'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blepharizonia'' &lt;small&gt;(A.Gray) Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Blumea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Boeberastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boeberoides'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bolandia'' &lt;small&gt;Cron&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bolanosa'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boltonia'' &lt;small&gt;L'Hér.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bombycilaena'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Smoljan.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Borrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Bothriocline'' &lt;small&gt;Oliv. ex Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachionostylum'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachyclados'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachyglottis'' &lt;small&gt;J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachylaena'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachyscome'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brachythrix'' &lt;small&gt;Wild &amp; G.V.Pope&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bradburia'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brenandendron'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Brickellia'' &lt;small&gt;Elliott&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Brickelliastrum'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Brintonia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Brocchia'' &lt;small&gt;Vis.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Buphthalmum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Burkartia'' &lt;small&gt;Crisci&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Burnellia'' &lt;small&gt;Mesfin &amp; D.J.Crawford&lt;/small&gt;

== C ==

* ''Caatinganthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cabobanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cabreraea'' &lt;small&gt;Bonif.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cabreriella'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cacaliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cacosmia'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cadiscus'' &lt;small&gt;E.Mey. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Caesulia'' &lt;small&gt;Roxb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calanticaria'' &lt;small&gt;(B.L.Rob. &amp; Greenm.) E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calea'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calendula'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Callicephalus'' &lt;small&gt;C.A.Mey.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Callilepis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Callistephus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calomeria'' &lt;small&gt;Vent.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calorezia'' &lt;small&gt;Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calostephane'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calotesta'' &lt;small&gt;P.O.Karis&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calotis'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Calycadenia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Calycoseris'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Calyptocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Camchaya'' &lt;small&gt;Gagnep.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Campovassouria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Camptacra'' &lt;small&gt;N.T.Burb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Campuloclinium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Canadanthus'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Cancrinia'' &lt;small&gt;Kar. &amp; Kir.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cancriniella'' &lt;small&gt;Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Capelio'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Caputia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord. &amp; Pelser&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cardopatium'' &lt;small&gt;Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Carduncellus'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Carduus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Carlina'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Carlquistia'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Carminatia'' &lt;small&gt;Moc. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Carpesium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Carphephorus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Carphochaete'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Carthamus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Cassinia'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Castanedia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Castrilanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Vogt &amp; Oberpr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Castroviejoa'' &lt;small&gt;Galbany, L.Sáez &amp; Benedí&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Catamixis'' &lt;small&gt;Thomson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Catananche'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Catatia'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Catolesia'' &lt;small&gt;D.J.N.Hind&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Caucasalia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Caucasoseris'' &lt;small&gt;M.Güzel, N.Kilian, Sennikov &amp; Coșkunç.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cavalcantia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cavea'' &lt;small&gt;W.W.Sm. &amp; J.Small&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Caxamarca'' &lt;small&gt;M.O.Dillon &amp; Sagást.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Celmisia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centaurea'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Centaurodendron'' &lt;small&gt;Johow&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centauropsis'' &lt;small&gt;Bojer ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centaurothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Wagenitz &amp; Dittrich&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centenaria'' &lt;small&gt;P.Gonzáles, A.Cano &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centipeda'' &lt;small&gt;Lour.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centratherum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centromadia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Centropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cephalipterum'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cephalopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Nees &amp; Mart.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cephalosorus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ceratogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ceruana'' &lt;small&gt;Forssk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chacoa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chaenactis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chaetacalia'' Pruski
* ''Chaetadelpha'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray ex S.Watson&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chaetanthera'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chaetopappa'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chaetymenia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chamaechaenactis'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chamaegeron'' &lt;small&gt;Schrenk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chamaeleon'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chamaemelum'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chamaepus'' &lt;small&gt;Wagenitz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chaochienchangia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chaptalia'' &lt;small&gt;Vent.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Charadranaetes'' &lt;small&gt;Janovec &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chardinia'' &lt;small&gt;Desf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cheirolophus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chersodoma'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chevreulia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chiliadenus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chiliocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chiliophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chiliotrichiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chiliotrichum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chimantaea'' &lt;small&gt;Maguire, Steyerm. &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chionolaena'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chionopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chlamydophora'' &lt;small&gt;Ehrenb. ex Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chloracantha'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom, Y.B.Suh, D.R.Morgan, S.D.Sundb. &amp; B.B.S&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chondrilla'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chondropyxis'' &lt;small&gt;D.A.Cooke&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chresta'' &lt;small&gt;Vell. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chromolaena'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chromolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chronopappus'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysactinia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysactinium'' &lt;small&gt;Wedd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysanthellum'' &lt;small&gt;Rich.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysanthoglossum'' &lt;small&gt;B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer &amp; Humphries&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chryselium'' &lt;small&gt;Urtubey &amp; S.E.Freire&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysocoma'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysogonum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysolaena'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysoma'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysophthalmum'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chrysopsis'' &lt;small&gt;(Nutt.) Elliott&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chrysothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Chthonocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chucoa'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Chuquiraga'' &lt;small&gt;Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cicerbita'' &lt;small&gt;Wallr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ciceronia'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cichorium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Cineraria'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Cirsiocarduus'' &lt;small&gt;P.Fourn.&lt;/small&gt; (''Carduus'' × ''Cirsium'')
* ''Cirsium'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Cissampelopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Miq.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cladanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cladochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Clappia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Clibadium'' &lt;small&gt;F.Allam. ex L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cloiselia'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cnicothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Coleocoma'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Coleostephus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Colobanthera'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cololobus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Columbiadoria'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Comaclinium'' &lt;small&gt;Scheidw. &amp; Planch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Commidendrum'' &lt;small&gt;Burch. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Condylidium'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Condylopodium'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conocliniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conoclinium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constancea'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cordiofontis'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Coreocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Coreopsis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Corethamnium'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Corethrogyne'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; – sandaster
* ''Coronidium'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Corymbium'' &lt;small&gt;Gronov.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cosmos'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cota'' &lt;small&gt;J.Gay&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Cotanthemis'' &lt;small&gt;Holub&lt;/small&gt; (''Anthemis'' × ''Cota'')
* ''Cotula'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Coulterella'' &lt;small&gt;Vasey &amp; Rose&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cousinia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cousiniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Nevski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Craspedia'' &lt;small&gt;G.Forst.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crassocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Crassothonna'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cratystylis'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cremanthodium'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cremnothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Puttock&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Crepihieracium'' &lt;small&gt;P.Fourn.&lt;/small&gt; (''Crepis'' × ''Hieracium'')
* ''Crepidiastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Nakai&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crepis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Criscia'' &lt;small&gt;Katinas&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Criscianthus'' &lt;small&gt;Grossi &amp; J.N.Nakaj.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Critonia'' &lt;small&gt;P.Browne&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Critoniadelphus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Critoniella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Critoniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crocidium'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Crocodilium'' &lt;small&gt;Hill&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cronquistianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Croptilon'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Crossostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crossothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crupina'' &lt;small&gt;(Pers.) DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Crystallopollen'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cuatrecasanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cuatrecasasiella'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cuchumatanea'' &lt;small&gt;Seid. &amp; Beaman&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Culcitium'' &lt;small&gt;Bonpl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cullumia'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cuniculotinus'' &lt;small&gt;Urbatsch, R.P.Roberts &amp; Neubig&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Curio'' &lt;small&gt;P.V.Heath&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cuspidia'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cyanthillium'' &lt;small&gt;Blume&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cyathocline'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Blumea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Cyathomone'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cyclachaena'' &lt;small&gt;Fresen.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Euphrosyne'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Cyclolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Gillies ex D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cylindrocline'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cymbonotus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cymbopappus'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Cymophora'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Cynara]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Cyrtocymura'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;

== D ==

* ''Dacryotrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Wild&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dahlia'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Damnamenia'' &lt;small&gt;Given&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Damnxanthodium'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dasyandantha'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dasyanthina'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dasycondylus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dasyphyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dauresia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord. &amp; Pelser&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Daveaua'' &lt;small&gt;Willk. ex Mariz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Davilanthus'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Decachaeta'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Decaneuropsis'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Decastylocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Decazesia'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Deinandra'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Delairea'' &lt;small&gt;Lem.&lt;/small&gt; – capeivy
* ''Delamerea'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Delilia'' &lt;small&gt;Spreng.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Delwiensia'' &lt;small&gt;W.A.Weber &amp; R.C.Wittmann&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dendrocacalia'' &lt;small&gt;(Nakai) Nakai&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dendrophorbium'' &lt;small&gt;(Cuatrec.) C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dendrosenecio'' &lt;small&gt;(Hauman ex Humbert) B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dendroviguiera'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Denekia'' &lt;small&gt;Thunb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Desmanthodium'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dewildemania'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Diacranthera'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Diaperia'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Diaphractanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dicercoclados'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey &amp; Y.L.Chen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dicerothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Koek.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dichaetophora'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dichrocephala'' &lt;small&gt;L'Hér. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dichromochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;Dunlop&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dicoma'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dicomopsis'' &lt;small&gt;S.Ortiz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dicoria'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Dicranocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Didelta'' &lt;small&gt;L'Hér.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dielitzia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dieteria'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Digitacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Pippen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dillandia'' &lt;small&gt;V.A.Funk &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dimeresia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dimerostemma'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dimorphocoma'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell. &amp; Tate&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dimorphotheca'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Diodontium'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Diplostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dipterocome'' &lt;small&gt;Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dipterocypsela'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Disparago'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dissothrix'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Distephanus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Disynaphia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dithyrostegia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dittrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Greuter&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Doellingeria'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Dolichlasium'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dolichoglottis'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dolichorrhiza'' &lt;small&gt;(Pojark.) Galushko&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dolichothrix'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dolomiaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Doniophyton'' &lt;small&gt;Wedd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dorobaea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Doronicum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Dresslerothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dubautia'' &lt;small&gt;Gaudich.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dubyaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dugesia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Duhaldea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Duidaea'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Duseniella'' &lt;small&gt;K.Schum.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dymondia'' &lt;small&gt;Compton&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dysaster'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Diplostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Dyscritothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Dysodiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Dyssodia'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt; 

== E ==
* ''Eastwoodia'' &lt;small&gt;Brandegee&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eatonella'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Echinacea'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Echinocoryne'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Echinops'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eclipta'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Edmondia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Egletes'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eirmocephala'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eitenia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ekmania'' &lt;small&gt;Gleason&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ekmaniopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Borhidi&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elachanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Y.Ling &amp; Y.R.Ling&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elachanthus'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elaphandra'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Electranthera'' &lt;small&gt;Mesfin, D.J.Crawford &amp; Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elekmania'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elephantopus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eleutheranthera'' &lt;small&gt;Poit.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ellenbergia'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Elytropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Emilia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; – tasselflower
* ''Encelia'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt; – brittlebush
* ''Enceliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;(A.Gray) A.Nelson&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Endocellion'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz. ex Herder&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Endopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Engelmannia'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Engleria'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Enydra'' &lt;small&gt;Lour.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Epaltes'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ephedrides'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Epilasia'' &lt;small&gt;(Bunge) Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Epilepis'' Benth.
* ''Epitrachys'' &lt;small&gt;(DC. ex Duby) K.Koch&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Cirsium'' &lt;small&gt;Mill&lt;/small&gt;.)
* ''Epitriche'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erato'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erechtites'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eremanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eremosis'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Gleason&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eremothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eriachaenium'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ericameria'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ericentrodea'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake &amp; Sherff&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erigeron'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eriocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eriochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;Sond. &amp; F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eriophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eriothrix'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erlangea'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erodiophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erymophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erythrocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Erythroseris'' &lt;small&gt;N.Kilian &amp; Gemeinholzer&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eschenbachia'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Espejoa'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Espeletia'' &lt;small&gt;Bonpl.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ethulia'' &lt;small&gt;L.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Euchiton'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eumorphia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eupatoriastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eupatorina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eupatoriopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Hieron.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eupatorium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Euphrosyne'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eurybia'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eurydochus'' &lt;small&gt;Maguire &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Euryops'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Eutetras'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Euthamia'' &lt;small&gt;(Nutt.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Eutrochium'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ewartia'' &lt;small&gt;Beauverd&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ewartiothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Exomiocarpon'' &lt;small&gt;Lawalrée&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Exostigma'' &lt;small&gt;G.Sancho&lt;/small&gt;

== F ==

* ''Faberia'' &lt;small&gt;Hemsl. ex F.B.Forbes &amp; Hemsl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Facelis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Famatinanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Ariza &amp; S.E.Freire&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Farfugium'' &lt;small&gt;Lindl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Faujasia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Faujasiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Faxonia'' &lt;small&gt;Brandegee&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Feddea'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Feldstonia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Felicia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Femeniasia'' &lt;small&gt;Susanna&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Fenixia'' &lt;small&gt;Merr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ferreyranthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ferreyrella'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Filago'' &lt;small&gt;Loefl.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Filifolium'' &lt;small&gt;Kitam.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''[[Artemisia]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Fitchia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Fitzwillia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Flaveria'' &lt;small&gt;Juss.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Fleischmannia'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Fleischmanniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Florestina'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Floscaldasia'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Flosmutisia'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Flourensia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Fluminaria'' &lt;small&gt;N.G.Bergh&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Flyriella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Formania'' &lt;small&gt;W.W.Sm. &amp; Small&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Foveolina'' &lt;small&gt;Källersjö&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Freya'' &lt;small&gt;V.M.Badillo&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Fulcaldea'' &lt;small&gt;Poir.&lt;/small&gt;

== G ==

* ''Gaillardia'' &lt;small&gt;Foug.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Galactites'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Galatella'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Galeana'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Galeomma'' &lt;small&gt;Rauschert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Galgera'' &lt;small&gt;Anderb. &amp; Bengtson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Galinsoga'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Galinsogeopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gamochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;Wedd.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Garberia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Garcibarrigoa'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gardnerina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Garhadiolus'' &lt;small&gt;Jaub. &amp; Spach&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Garuleum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gazania'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Geigeria'' &lt;small&gt;Griess.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Geissolepis'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gelasia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Geraea'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Gerbera'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Geropogon'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gibbaria'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gilberta'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gilruthia'' &lt;small&gt;Ewart&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gladiopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Glebianthemum'' &lt;small&gt;J.M.Watson &amp; A.R.Flores&lt;/small&gt; (''Argyranthemum'' × ''Glebionis'')
* ''Glebionis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Glossarion'' &lt;small&gt;Maguire &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Glossocardia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Glossopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Kunze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Glyptopleura'' &lt;small&gt;D.C.Eaton&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gnaphaliothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;Kirp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gnaphalium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Gnephosis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gnomophalium'' &lt;small&gt;Greuter&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gochnatia'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Goldmanella'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gongrostylus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gongylolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Schomb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Goniocaulon'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gonospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gonzalezia'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gorceixia'' &lt;small&gt;Baker&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gorteria'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gossweilera'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Goyazianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grangea'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grangeopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Humbert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Graphistylis'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gratwickia'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grauanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Fayed&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grazielia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Greenmaniella'' &lt;small&gt;W.M.Sharp&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grindelia'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Grisebachianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Grosvenoria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Guardiola'' &lt;small&gt;Cerv. ex Bonpl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Guayania'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Guevaria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Guizotia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gundelia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gundlachia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gutenbergia'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gutierrezia'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Guynesomia'' &lt;small&gt;Bonif. &amp; G.Sancho&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnarrhena'' &lt;small&gt;Desf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnocondylus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnocoronis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnodiscus'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnolaena'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnopentzia'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gymnosperma'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gynoxys'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gynura'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gypothamnium'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gyptidium'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gyptis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Gyrodoma'' &lt;small&gt;Wild&lt;/small&gt;

== H ==

* ''Haastia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Haeckeria'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Haegiela'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short &amp; Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hainanecio'' &lt;small&gt;Ying Liu &amp; Q.E.Yang&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Handelia'' &lt;small&gt;Heimerl&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Haplocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Haploesthes'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Haplopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Haplosticha'' Phil.
* ''Haptotrichion'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Harleya'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Harmonia'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Harnackia'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Haroldia'' &lt;small&gt;Bonif.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hartwrightia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hasteola'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hatschbachiella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hazardia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hebeclinium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hecastocleis'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hedosyne'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hedypnois'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heiseria'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helenium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Helianthella'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helianthus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Helichrysopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Kirp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helichrysum'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Heliocauta'' &lt;small&gt;Humphries&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heliomeris'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Heliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helminthotheca'' &lt;small&gt;Zinn&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helodeaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Helogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemizonella'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemizonia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Henricksonia'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Turner&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heptanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Herderia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Herodotia'' &lt;small&gt;Urb. &amp; Ekman&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Herreranthus'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hertia'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hesperevax'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hesperomannia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Heteracia'' &lt;small&gt;Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heteranthemis'' &lt;small&gt;Schott&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Heterocoma'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterocondylus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterocypsela'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heteroderis'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heteromera'' &lt;small&gt;Pomel&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heteromma'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heteroplexis'' &lt;small&gt;C.C.Chang&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterorhachis'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterosperma'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Heterotheca'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hidalgoa'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hieracium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hilliardia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hilliardiella'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hinterhubera'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hippia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hippolytia'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hirtellina'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hispidella'' &lt;small&gt;Barnadez ex Lam.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hoehnephytum'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hoffmannanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob., S.C.Keeley &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hoffmanniella'' &lt;small&gt;Schltr. ex Lawalrée&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hofmeisteria'' &lt;small&gt;Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Holocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Holocheilus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hololeion'' &lt;small&gt;Kitam.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hololepis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Holoschkuhria'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Holozonia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Homogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hoplophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Huarpea'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Huberopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hubertia'' &lt;small&gt;Bory&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hughesia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hullsia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hulsea'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Humbertacalia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Humeocline'' &lt;small&gt;Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hyalis'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don ex Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hyalochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hyaloseris'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hyalosperma'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hybridella'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hydroidea'' &lt;small&gt;P.O.Karis&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hydropectis'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Jaub. &amp; Spach&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenonema'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenopappus'' &lt;small&gt;L'Her.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenostemma'' &lt;small&gt;Kunze ex Willk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hymenothrix'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hymenoxys'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hyoseris'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hypericophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hypochaeris'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Hypserion'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hysterionica'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hystrichophora'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;

== I ==

* ''Ianthopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Roque &amp; D.J.N.Hind&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ichthyothere'' &lt;small&gt;Mart.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Idiopappus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Idiothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ifloga'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ignurbia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iltisia'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Imeria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Indocypraea'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Inezia'' &lt;small&gt;E.Phillips&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Inkaliabum'' &lt;small&gt;D.G.Gut.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Inula'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – yellowhead
* ''Inulanthera'' &lt;small&gt;Källersjö&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Inulopsis'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Io'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iocenes'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iodocephalopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Bunwong &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iogeton'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ionactis'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; – stiff-leaved asters
* ''Iostephane'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iotasperma'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iphiona'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iphionopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iranecio'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iranoaster'' &lt;small&gt;Kaz.Osaloo, Farhani &amp; Mozaff.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ischnea'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ismelia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Isocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Isocoma'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Isoetopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Minuria'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Isostigma'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Iva'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Ixeridium'' &lt;small&gt;(A.Gray) Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ixeris'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ixiochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell. &amp; Sond.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ixiolaena'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ixodia'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Ixyoungia'' &lt;small&gt;Kitam.&lt;/small&gt; (''Ixeris'' × ''Youngia'')

== J ==

* ''Jacmaia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jacobaea'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jaegeria'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jalantzia'' &lt;small&gt;D.J.N.Hind&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jalcophila'' &lt;small&gt;M.O.Dillon &amp; Sagást.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jaliscoa'' &lt;small&gt;S.Watson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jamesianthus'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake &amp; Sherff&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Japonicalia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Ren &amp; Q.E.Yang&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jaramilloa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jasonia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jaumea'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jefea'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jeffreya'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jeffreycia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob., S.C.Keeley &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jensia'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jessea'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Joseanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jungia'' &lt;small&gt;L.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Jurinea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;

== K ==

* ''Karelinia'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Karvandarina'' &lt;small&gt;Rech.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kaschgaria'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt; (= ''[[Artemisia]]'' L.)
* ''Katinasia'' &lt;small&gt;Bonif.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kaunia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kazbegia'' &lt;small&gt;Uysal &amp; Hamzaoğlu&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kemulariella'' &lt;small&gt;Tamamsch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Keysseria'' &lt;small&gt;Lauterb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Khasianthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kieslingia'' &lt;small&gt;Faúndez, Saldivia &amp; A.E.Martic.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kinghamia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kingianthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kippistia'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Klasea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kleinia'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Koanophyllon'' &lt;small&gt;Arruda&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Koehneola'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Koelpinia'' &lt;small&gt;Pall.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Koyamasia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Krigia'' &lt;small&gt;Schreb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Kurziella'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Bunwong&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kyhosia'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Kyrsteniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob&lt;/small&gt;

== L ==

* ''Laceanthos'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lachanodes'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lachnophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Bunge&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lachnorhiza'' &lt;small&gt;A.Rich.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lachnospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Lactuca]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Laennecia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Laestadia'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth ex Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lagascea'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lagenocypsela'' &lt;small&gt;Swenson &amp; K.Bremer&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lagenophora'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Laggera'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lagophylla'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lagoseriopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Kirp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lamprocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lampropappus'' &lt;small&gt;(O.Hoffm.) H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lamyropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Knorring &amp; Tamamsch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lamyropsis'' &lt;small&gt;(Kharadze) Dittrich&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Landerolaria'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Langebergia'' &lt;small&gt;Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lantanopsis'' &lt;small&gt;C.Wright ex Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Laphamia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lapidia'' &lt;small&gt;Roque &amp; S.C.Ferreira&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lapsana'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lapsanastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Pak &amp; K.Bremer&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lasianthaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lasiocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Willd. ex D.F.K.Schltdl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lasiolaena'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lasiopogon'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lasiospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lasthenia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Launaea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lawrencella'' &lt;small&gt;Lindl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Layia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lecocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Decne.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leibnitzia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Leiboldia'' &lt;small&gt;Schltdl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leiocarpa'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lemmatium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lemooria'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leonis'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leontodon'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Leontopodium'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br. ex Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''× Leontoroides'' &lt;small&gt;B.Bock&lt;/small&gt; (''Leontodon'' × ''Scorzoneroides'')
* ''Lepidaploa'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidesmia'' &lt;small&gt;Klatt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidolopha'' &lt;small&gt;C.Winkl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidolopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidonia'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidophorum'' &lt;small&gt;Neck. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lepidospartum'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lepidostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Oliv.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptinella'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Leptocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptoclinium'' &lt;small&gt;Gardner ex Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptorhynchos'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Leptostelma'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don ex G.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptosyne'' DC.
* ''Lescaillea'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lessingia'' &lt;small&gt;Cham.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lessingianthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lettowia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucactinia'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Leucantanacetum'' &lt;small&gt;Rauschert&lt;/small&gt; (''Leucanthemum'' × ''Tanacetum'')
* ''Leucanthemella'' &lt;small&gt;Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucanthemopsis'' &lt;small&gt;(Giroux) Heywood&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Leucheria'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucoblepharis'' &lt;small&gt;Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucochrysum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucogenes'' &lt;small&gt;Beauverd&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucomeris'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucophyta'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucoptera'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Leucoraoulia'' &lt;small&gt;Cockayne &amp; Allan&lt;/small&gt; (''Leucogenes'' × ''Raoulia'')
* ''Leucosyris'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leucozoma'' &lt;small&gt;T.L.Collins&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leunisia'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leysera'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Liabum'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Liatris'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn. ex Schreb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Libinhania'' &lt;small&gt;N.Kilian, Galbany, Oberpr. &amp; A.G.Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lidbeckia'' &lt;small&gt;P.J.Bergius&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lifago'' &lt;small&gt;Schweinf. &amp; Muschl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Ligonicalia'' &lt;small&gt;Z.H.Feng, Bing Liu &amp; Su Liu&lt;/small&gt; (''Japonicalia'' × ''Ligularia'')
* ''Ligularia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ligulariopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Y.L.Chen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lihengia'' &lt;small&gt;Y.S.Chen &amp; R.Ke&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Limbarda'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lindheimera'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray &amp; Engelm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Linealia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Linochilus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Linzia'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lipoblepharis'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lipochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; – nehe
* ''Lipotriche'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lipschitzia'' &lt;small&gt;Zaika, Sukhor. &amp; N.Kilian&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Litogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Harv.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Litothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Llerasia'' &lt;small&gt;Triana&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Logfia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lomanthus'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord. &amp; Pelser&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lomatozona'' &lt;small&gt;Baker&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lonas'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lopholaena'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lophopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Rusby&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lorandersonia'' &lt;small&gt;Urbatsch, R.P.Roberts &amp; Neubig&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lordhowea'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lorentzianthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lourteigia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Loxothysanus'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lucilia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Luina'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Lulia'' &lt;small&gt;Zardini&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lundellianthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lundinia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lycapsus'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Perityle'' &lt;small&gt;Benth&lt;/small&gt;.)
* ''Lychnocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Mart. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lychnophora'' &lt;small&gt;Mart.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lychnophorella'' &lt;small&gt;Loeuille, Semir &amp; Pirani&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lycoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Lygodesmia'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt; 

== M ==

* ''Machaeranthera'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Macledium'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Macrachaenium'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Macrolearia'' Saldivia
* ''Macropodina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Macvaughiella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Madagaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Madia'' &lt;small&gt;Molina&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Mairia'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Malacothrix'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Malmeanthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Malperia'' &lt;small&gt;S.Watson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mantisalca'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Manyonia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Marasmodes'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Marshallia'' &lt;small&gt;Schreb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Marshalljohnstonia'' &lt;small&gt;Henrickson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Marticorenia'' &lt;small&gt;Crisci&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Maschalostachys'' &lt;small&gt;Loeuille &amp; Roque&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Matricaria'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Mattfeldanthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; R.M.King&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mattfeldia'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mauranthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Vogt &amp; Oberpr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mecomischus'' &lt;small&gt;Coss. ex Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Medranoa'' &lt;small&gt;Urbatsch &amp; R.P.Roberts&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Melampodium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Melanodendron'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Melanoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Decne.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Melanthera]]'' &lt;small&gt;Rohr&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Merrittia'' &lt;small&gt;Merr.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mesanthophora'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mesogramma'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Metalasia'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mexerion'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mexianthus'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Micractis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Microcephala'' &lt;small&gt;Pobed.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Microglossa'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Microgyne'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Microliabum'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Micropsis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Micropus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Microseris'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Microspermum'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mikania'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Mikaniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Milne-Redh.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Milleria'' &lt;small&gt;Houst. ex L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Millotia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Minasia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Minuria'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Miricacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Kitam.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Misbrookea'' &lt;small&gt;V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mixtecalia'' &lt;small&gt;Redonda-Mart., García-Mend. &amp; D.Sandoval&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mniodes'' &lt;small&gt;(A.Gray) Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mojiangia'' &lt;small&gt;Ze H.Wang, N.Kilian &amp; H.Peng&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monactinocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Klatt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monactis'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monarrhenus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monogereion'' &lt;small&gt;G.M.Barroso &amp; R.M.King&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monolopia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monoptilon'' &lt;small&gt;Torr. &amp; A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Monosis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Montanoa'' &lt;small&gt;Cerv.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Monticalia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Moonia'' &lt;small&gt;Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Moquinia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Moquiniastrum'' &lt;small&gt;(Cabrera) G.Sancho&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Morithamnus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King, H.Rob. &amp; G.M.Barroso&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Moscharia'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Msuata'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mtonia'' &lt;small&gt;Beentje&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Muellerolaria'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Munnozia'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Munzothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;P.H.Raven&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Muschleria'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Muscosomorphe'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Manning&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Mutisia'' &lt;small&gt;L.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myanmaria'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myopordon'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myriactis'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myriocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myripnois'' &lt;small&gt;Bunge&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myrovernix'' &lt;small&gt;Koek.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Myxopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Källersjö&lt;/small&gt;

== N ==

* ''Nabalus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nahuatlea'' &lt;small&gt;V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nananthea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nannoglottis'' &lt;small&gt;Maxim.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nardophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Narvalina'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nassauvia'' &lt;small&gt;Comm. ex Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neblinaea'' &lt;small&gt;Maguire &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neja'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nelsonianthus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nemosenecio'' &lt;small&gt;(Kitam.) B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neobrachyactis'' &lt;small&gt;Brouillet&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neocabreria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neocuatrecasia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neojeffreya'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neolaria'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neomirandea'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neopallasia'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt; (= ''[[Artemisia]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Neotysonia'' &lt;small&gt;Dalla Torre &amp; Harms&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nesampelos'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nesomia'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Turner&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nesothamnus'' Rydb.
* ''Nestlera'' &lt;small&gt;Spreng.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nestotus'' &lt;small&gt;R.P.Roberts, Urbatsch &amp; Neubig&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neurolaena'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Neurolakis'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nicolasia'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nicolletia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Nidorella'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nipponanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;(Kitam.) Kitam.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nivellea'' &lt;small&gt;B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer &amp; Humphries&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nolletia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nothobaccharis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nothocalais'' (A.Gray) Greene
* ''Nothoschkuhria'' &lt;small&gt;B.G.Baldwin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nothovernonia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Noticastrum'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Notisia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Notobasis'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Notopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Klingenb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Notoseris'' &lt;small&gt;C.Shih&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nouelia'' &lt;small&gt;Franch.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Leucomeris'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Novaguinea'' &lt;small&gt;D.J.N.Hind&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Novenia'' &lt;small&gt;S.E.Freire&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Nuriaea'' &lt;small&gt;Susanna, Calleja &amp; Moreyra&lt;/small&gt;

== O ==

* ''Oblivia'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ochrocephala'' &lt;small&gt;Dittrich&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oclemena'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Odixia'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Odontocline'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oedera'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Okia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oldenburgia'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oldfeltia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord. &amp; Lundin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Olearia'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Olgaea'' &lt;small&gt;Iljin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oligactis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oliganthes'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oligochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;K.Koch&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oligothrix'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Omalotheca'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Omphalopappus'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oncosiphon'' &lt;small&gt;Källersjö&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ondetia'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Onopordum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Onoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oocephala'' &lt;small&gt;(S.B.Jones) H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oonopsis'' &lt;small&gt;(Nutt.) Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Oparanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Sherff&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ophryosporus'' &lt;small&gt;Meyen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Opisthopappus'' &lt;small&gt;C.Shih&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Orbivestus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oreochrysum'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oreoseris'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oreostemma'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oresbia'' &lt;small&gt;Cron &amp; B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oriastrum'' &lt;small&gt;Poepp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oritrophium'' &lt;small&gt;(Kunth) Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Orochaenactis'' &lt;small&gt;Coville&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Orognaphalon'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Orthopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Gleason&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ortizacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Osbertia'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Osmadenia'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Osmiopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Osmitopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Osteospermum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oteiza'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Othonna'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Otoglyphis'' &lt;small&gt;Pomel&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Otopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Otospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Willk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oxycarpha'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oxylaena'' &lt;small&gt;Benth. ex Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oxylobus'' &lt;small&gt;(Moc. ex DC.) A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oxypappus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oxyphyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Oyedaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ozothamnus'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;

== P ==

* ''Pachylaena'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don ex Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pachystegia'' &lt;small&gt;Cheeseman&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pacifigeron'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Packera'' &lt;small&gt;A.Love &amp; D.Love&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pacourina'' &lt;small&gt;Aubl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paenula'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Palafoxia'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pallenis'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Panaetia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paneroa'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Panphalea'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pappobolus'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pappochroma'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Papuacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Veldkamp&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paquirea'' &lt;small&gt;Panero &amp; S.E.Freire&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paracalia'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parafaujasia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jeffrey&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paragynoxys'' &lt;small&gt;(Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paralychnophora'' &lt;small&gt;MacLeish&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paranephelius'' &lt;small&gt;Poepp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parantennaria'' &lt;small&gt;Beauverd&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parapiqueria'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parapolydora'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paraprenanthes'' &lt;small&gt;C.C.Chang ex C.Shih&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parasenecio'' &lt;small&gt;W.W.Sm. &amp; Small&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Parastrephia'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parthenice'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Parthenium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pasaccardoa'' &lt;small&gt;Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pascalia'' &lt;small&gt;Ortega&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Paurolepis'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pechuel-loeschea'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pectis'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pegolettia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pelucha'' &lt;small&gt;S.Watson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pembertonia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pentacalia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pentachaeta'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pentalepis'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pentanema'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pentatrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Klatt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pentzia'' &lt;small&gt;Thunb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Perdicium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Perezia'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pericallis'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pericome'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Peripleura'' &lt;small&gt;(N.T.Burb.) G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Perityle'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Perralderia'' &lt;small&gt;Coss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pertya'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Perymeniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Perymenium'' &lt;small&gt;Schrad.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Petalacte'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Petasites'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Peteravenia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Petradoria'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Petrobium'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Peucephyllum'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phacellothrix'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phaenocoma'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phagnalon'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phalacrachena'' &lt;small&gt;Iljin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phalacraea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phalacrocarpum'' &lt;small&gt;Willk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phalacroseris'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Phaneroglossa'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phania'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phaseolaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Philactis'' &lt;small&gt;Schrad.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Philoglossa'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phitosia'' &lt;small&gt;Kamari &amp; Greuter&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phoebanthus'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Phonus'' &lt;small&gt;Hill&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phyllocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Blume&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Phymaspermum'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Picnomon'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Picradeniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Picris'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Picrosia'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pilbara'' &lt;small&gt;Lander&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pilosella'' &lt;small&gt;Hill&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pinaropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pinillosia'' &lt;small&gt;Ossa&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Piora'' &lt;small&gt;J.Kost.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pippenalia'' &lt;small&gt;McVaugh&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Piptocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;R.Br.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Piptocoma'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Piptolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Piqueria'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Piqueriella'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pithocarpa'' &lt;small&gt;Lindl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pittocaulon'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pityopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pladaroxylon'' &lt;small&gt;(Endl.) Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plagiobasis'' &lt;small&gt;Schrenk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plagiocheilus'' &lt;small&gt;Arn. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plagiolophus'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plagius'' &lt;small&gt;L'Her. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Planaltoa'' &lt;small&gt;Taub.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Planea'' &lt;small&gt;P.O.Karis&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plateilema'' &lt;small&gt;Cockerell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Platycarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Platycarphella'' &lt;small&gt;V.A.Funk &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Platypodanthera'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Platyschkuhria'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Plazia'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plecostachys'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Plectocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleiacanthus'' &lt;small&gt;(Nutt.) Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleiotaxis'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleocarphus'' &lt;small&gt;D.Don&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleurocarpaea'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleurocoronis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pleurophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pluchea'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Podachaenium'' &lt;small&gt;Benth. ex Oerst.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Podanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Podocalea'' Pruski
* ''Podocoma'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Podolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Labill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Podotheca'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Poecilolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Grau&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pogonolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pojarkovia'' &lt;small&gt;Askerova&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Poljakanthema'' &lt;small&gt;Kamelin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Poljakovia'' &lt;small&gt;Grubov &amp; Filatova&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Polyachyrus'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Leucheria'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;)
* ''Polyanthina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Polyarrhena'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Polycalymma'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell. &amp; Sond.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Polymnia'' &lt;small&gt;Kalm&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Porophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Guett.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Porphyrostemma'' &lt;small&gt;Benth. ex Oliv.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Praxeliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;G.M.Barroso&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Praxelis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Prenanthella'' Rydb.
* ''Prenanthes'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Prestelia'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Printzia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Prolobus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Prolongoa'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Proteopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Mart. &amp; Zucc. ex Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Proustia'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psacaliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psacalium'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Psathyrotes'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Psathyrotopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psednotrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Hiern&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psephellus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudelephantopus'' &lt;small&gt;Rohr&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pseudoajania'' &lt;small&gt;S.S.Ying&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudobaccharis'' &lt;small&gt;Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudobahia'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pseudoblepharispermum'' &lt;small&gt;J.-P.Lebrun &amp; Stork&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudobrickellia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudoclappia'' &lt;small&gt;Rydb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pseudoconyza'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudoglossanthis'' &lt;small&gt;Poljakov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudognaphalium'' &lt;small&gt;Kirp.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pseudogynoxys'' &lt;small&gt;(Greenm.) Cabrera&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudohandelia'' &lt;small&gt;Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudonoseris'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudopegolettia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob., Skvarla &amp; V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudopiptocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudopodospermum'' &lt;small&gt;(Lipsch. &amp; Krasch.) Kuth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pseudostifftia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psiadia'' &lt;small&gt;Jacq.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Psilactis'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Psilocarphus'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Psilostrophe'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Psychrogeton'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pterachaenia'' &lt;small&gt;(Benth. &amp; Hook.f.) Lipsch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pterocaulon'' &lt;small&gt;Elliott&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pterochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pteronia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pterothrix'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pterygopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ptilostemon'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pulicaria'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pulicarioidea'' &lt;small&gt;Bunwong, Chantar. &amp; S.C.Keeley&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pycnosorus'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pyrrhopappus'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pyrrocoma'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Pytinicarpa'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;

== Q ==

* ''Qineryangia'' &lt;small&gt;Y.S.Chen &amp; Lian S.Xu&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quadribractea'' &lt;small&gt;Orchard&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quasiantennaria'' &lt;small&gt;R.J.Bayer &amp; M.O.Dillon&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quechualia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quelchia'' &lt;small&gt;N.E.Br.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quinetia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Quinqueremulus'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;

== R ==

* ''Rachelia'' &lt;small&gt;J.M.Ward &amp; Breitw.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Radlkoferotoma'' &lt;small&gt;Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rafinesquia'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Raillardella'' &lt;small&gt;(A.Gray) Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Rainiera'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ramaliella'' &lt;small&gt;Zaika, Sukhor. &amp; N.Kilian&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Raoulia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Raouliopsis'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rastrophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Wild &amp; G.V.Pope&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ratibida'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Raulinoreitzia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rayjacksonia'' &lt;small&gt;R.L.Hartm. &amp; M.A.Lane&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Reichardia'' &lt;small&gt;Roth&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Remya'' &lt;small&gt;Hillebr. ex Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rensonia'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhagadiolus'' &lt;small&gt;Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhamphogyne'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhanteriopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Rauschert&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhanterium'' &lt;small&gt;Desf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhaponticoides'' &lt;small&gt;Vaill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhaponticum'' Ludwig
* ''Rhetinocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Paul G.Wilson &amp; M.A.Wilson&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhetinolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Coss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhodanthe'' &lt;small&gt;Lindl.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Rhodanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer &amp; Humphries&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rhynchopsidium'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Richterago'' &lt;small&gt;Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Richteria'' &lt;small&gt;Kar. &amp; Kir.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Riencourtia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rigiopappus'' &lt;small&gt;A. Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Robinsonecio'' &lt;small&gt;T.M.Barkley &amp; Janovec&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Robinsonia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rochonia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Roebuckiella'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Roessleria'' &lt;small&gt;Stångb. &amp; Anderb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rojasianthe'' &lt;small&gt;Standl. &amp; Steyerm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rolandra'' &lt;small&gt;Rottb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Roldana'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Roodebergia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Roquea'' &lt;small&gt;Loeuille &amp; Antar&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rothmaleria'' &lt;small&gt;Font Quer&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rudbeckia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Rugelia'' &lt;small&gt;Shuttlew. ex Chapm.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Rumfordia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Russowia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Winkl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rutidosis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;

== S ==

* ''Sabazia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sachsia'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Salcedoa'' &lt;small&gt;Jiménez Rodr. &amp; Katinas&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Salmea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sampera'' &lt;small&gt;V.A.Funk &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sanrobertia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Santolina'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Santosia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sanvitalia'' &lt;small&gt;Lam.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sarcanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sartwellia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Saussurea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Scabrethia'' &lt;small&gt;W.A.Weber&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Scalesia'' &lt;small&gt;Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Scapisenecio'' &lt;small&gt;Schmidt-Leb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Scherya'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schischkinia'' &lt;small&gt;Iljin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schistocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schistostephium'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schizogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schizoptera'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schizotrichia'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schkuhria'' &lt;small&gt;Roth&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Schlagintweitia'' &lt;small&gt;Griseb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schlechtendalia'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Schoenia'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sciadocephala'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sclerocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Jacq.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sclerolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sclerorhachis'' &lt;small&gt;(Rech.f.) Rech.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Scolymus'' &lt;small&gt;Tourn. ex L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Scorzonera'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Scorzoneroides'' &lt;small&gt;Moench&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Scrobicaria'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Selloa'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Semiria'' &lt;small&gt;D.J.N.Hind&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Senecio'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sericocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Seriphium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Serratula'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Shafera'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Shangwua'' &lt;small&gt;Yu J.Wang, Raab-Straube, Susanna &amp; J.Quan Liu&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Shawia'' J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst.
* ''× Shawmisia'' &lt;small&gt;Z.H.Feng &amp; Su Liu&lt;/small&gt; (''Celmisia'' × ''Shawia'')
* ''Sheareria'' &lt;small&gt;S.Moore&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Shinnersia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Shinnersoseris'' &lt;small&gt;Tomb&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Siapaea'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sidneya'' &lt;small&gt;E.E.Schill. &amp; Panero&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Siebera'' &lt;small&gt;J.Gay&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Siemssenia'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sigesbeckia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Siloxerus'' &lt;small&gt;Labill.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Silphidium'' &lt;small&gt;(Torr. &amp; A.Gray) Mesfin &amp; D.J.Crawford&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Silphium'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Silybum'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Simsia'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sinacalia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sinclairia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook. &amp; Arn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sinosenecio'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sinoseris'' &lt;small&gt;N.Kilian, Ze H.Wang &amp; H.Peng&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Smallanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Mack.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Soaresia'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Solanecio'' &lt;small&gt;(Sch.Bip.) Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Solenogyne'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Solidago'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Soliva'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sommerfeltia'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sonchella'' &lt;small&gt;Sennikov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sonchus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Sondottia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Soroseris'' &lt;small&gt;Stebbins&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Spaniopappus'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sphaeranthus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sphaereupatorium'' &lt;small&gt;Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sphaeromorphaea'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sphagneticola'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Spilanthes'' &lt;small&gt;Jacq.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Spinoliva'' &lt;small&gt;G.Sancho, Luebert &amp; Katinas&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Spiracantha'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Spiroseris'' &lt;small&gt;Rech.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Spongotrichum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Nees ex Spach&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Squamopappus'' &lt;small&gt;R.K.Jansen, N.A.Harriman &amp; Urbatsch&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stachycephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip. ex Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Staehelina'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Standleyanthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Staurochlamys'' &lt;small&gt;Baker&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stebbinsoseris'' &lt;small&gt;K.L.Chambers&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Steiractinia'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Steirodiscus'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenachaenium'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenocarpha'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenocline'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenopadus'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenops'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stenotus'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Stephanbeckia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stephanodoria'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stephanomeria'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Stevia'' &lt;small&gt;Cav.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Steviopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Steyermarkina'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stifftia'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Mikan&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stilpnogyne'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stilpnolepis'' &lt;small&gt;Krasch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stilpnopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Mart. ex DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stizolophus'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stoebe'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stokesia'' &lt;small&gt;L'Hér.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stomatanthes'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stomatochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;(S.F.Blake) Maguire &amp; Wurdack&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stramentopappus'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; V.A.Funk&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Streptoglossa'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz ex F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Strobocalyx'' &lt;small&gt;(Blume ex DC.) Spach&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Strotheria'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Turner&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Struchium'' &lt;small&gt;P.Browne&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stuartina'' &lt;small&gt;Sond.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Stylocline'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Stylotrichium'' &lt;small&gt;Mattf.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Symphyllocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Maxim.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Symphyopappus'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Symphyotrichum'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syncalathium'' &lt;small&gt;Lipsch.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syncarpha'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syncephalum'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syncretocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Synedrella'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Synedrellopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Hieron. &amp; Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syneilesis'' &lt;small&gt;Maxim.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Synotis'' &lt;small&gt;(C.B.Clarke) C.Jeffrey &amp; Y.L.Chen&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syntrichopappus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Synurus'' &lt;small&gt;Iljin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Syreitschikovia'' &lt;small&gt;Pavlov&lt;/small&gt;

== T ==

* ''Tagetes'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Taimingasa'' &lt;small&gt;(Kitam.) C.Ren &amp; Q.E.Yang&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Takhtajaniantha'' &lt;small&gt;Nazarova&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Talamancalia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Talamancaster'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tamananthus'' &lt;small&gt;V.M.Badillo&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tamaulipa'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tanacetopsis'' &lt;small&gt;(Tzvelev) Kovalevsk.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tanacetum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Taplinia'' &lt;small&gt;Lander&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Taraxacum]]'' &lt;small&gt;F.H.Wigg.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tarchonanthus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tarlmounia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob., S.C.Keeley, Skvarla &amp; R.Chan&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tehuana'' &lt;small&gt;Panero &amp; Villaseñor&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tehuasca'' Panero
* ''Teixeiranthus'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Telanthophora'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Brettell&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Telekia'' &lt;small&gt;Baumg.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Telmatophila'' &lt;small&gt;Mart. ex Baker&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tenrhynea'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tephroseris'' &lt;small&gt;(Rchb.) Rchb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tepuipappus'' Pruski
* ''Tessaria'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tetrachyron'' &lt;small&gt;Schltdl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tetradymia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tetragonotheca'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tetramolopium'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tetraneuris'' &lt;small&gt;Greene&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tetranthus'' &lt;small&gt;Sw.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tetraperone'' &lt;small&gt;Urb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thaminophyllum'' &lt;small&gt;Harv.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thelesperma'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thespidium'' &lt;small&gt;F.Muell. ex Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thespis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thevenotia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thiseltonia'' &lt;small&gt;Hemsl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thurovia'' &lt;small&gt;Rose&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Thymophylla'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Thymopsis'' &lt;small&gt;Benth.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tietkensia'' &lt;small&gt;P.S.Short&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tilesia'' &lt;small&gt;G.Mey.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tithonia'' &lt;small&gt;Desf. ex Juss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Toiyabea'' &lt;small&gt;R.P.Roberts, Urbatsch &amp; Neubig&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tolpis'' &lt;small&gt;Adans.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tomentaurum'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tonalanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Brandegee&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tonestus'' &lt;small&gt;A.Nelson&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tourneuxia'' &lt;small&gt;Coss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Townsendia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tracyina'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Tragopogon'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Traversia'' &lt;small&gt;Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trepadonia'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichanthemis'' &lt;small&gt;Regel &amp; Schmalh.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichanthodium'' &lt;small&gt;Sond. &amp; F.Muell.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichocline'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichocoronis'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Trichocoryne'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichogonia'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Gardner&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichogoniopsis'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tricholepis'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichoptilium'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trichospira'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tridactylina'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tridax'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trigonopterum'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trigonospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Less.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trilisa'' (Cass.) Cass.
* ''Trioncinia'' &lt;small&gt;(F.Muell.) Veldkamp&lt;/small&gt;
* ''× Tripleurocota'' &lt;small&gt;Starm.&lt;/small&gt; (''Cota'' × ''Tripleurospermum'')
* ''Tripleurospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Triplocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tripolium'' &lt;small&gt;Nees&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Triptilion'' &lt;small&gt;Ruiz &amp; Pav.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Triptilodiscus'' &lt;small&gt;Turcz.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Trixis'' &lt;small&gt;Sw.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Troglophyton'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tuberculocarpus'' &lt;small&gt;Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tuberostylis'' &lt;small&gt;Steetz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tugarinovia'' &lt;small&gt;Iljin&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Turanecio'' &lt;small&gt;Hamzaoğlu&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Turczaninovia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tussilago'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; – coltsfoot
* ''Tuxtla'' &lt;small&gt;Villaseñor &amp; Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tyleropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt; (= ''Calea'')
* ''Tyrimnus'' &lt;small&gt;(Cass.) Bosc&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Tzvelevopyrethrum'' &lt;small&gt;Kamelin&lt;/small&gt;

== U ==

* ''Ugamia'' &lt;small&gt;Pavlov&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Uleophytum'' &lt;small&gt;Hieron.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Uniyala'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Skvarla&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Unxia'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Urbinella'' &lt;small&gt;Greenm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Urmenetea'' &lt;small&gt;Phil.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Urolepis'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Uropappus'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt&lt;/small&gt;.
* ''Urospermum'' &lt;small&gt;Scop.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Urostemon'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ursinia'' &lt;small&gt;Gaertn.&lt;/small&gt;

== V ==

* ''Varilla'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vellereophyton'' &lt;small&gt;Hilliard &amp; B.L.Burtt&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Venegasia'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Verbesina'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Vernonanthura'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vernonella'' &lt;small&gt;Sond.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vernonia'' &lt;small&gt;Schreb.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Vernoniastrum'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vicinia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vickia'' &lt;small&gt;Roque &amp; G.Sancho&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vickianthus'' H.Rob.
* ''Vickifunkia'' &lt;small&gt;C.Ren, L.Wang, I.D.Illar. &amp; Q.E.Yang&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vicoa'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vieraea'' &lt;small&gt;Sch.Bip.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vigethia'' &lt;small&gt;W.A.Weber&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Viguiera'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Villanova'' &lt;small&gt;Lag.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Villasenoria'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Clark&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vinicia'' &lt;small&gt;Dematt.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vittadinia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Rich.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vittetia'' &lt;small&gt;R.M.King &amp; H.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Vogtia'' &lt;small&gt;Oberpr. &amp; Sonboli&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Volutaria'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;

== W ==

* ''Waitzia'' &lt;small&gt;J.C.Wendl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Walshia'' &lt;small&gt;Jeanes&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Walsholaria'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wamalchitamia'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Warionia'' &lt;small&gt;Benth. &amp; Coss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wedelia'' &lt;small&gt;Jacq.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Welwitschiella'' &lt;small&gt;O.Hoffm.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Werneria'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Westoniella'' &lt;small&gt;Cuatrec.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wilkesia'' &lt;small&gt;A.Gray&lt;/small&gt; – iliau
* ''Willemetia'' &lt;small&gt;Neck.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Wollastonia]]'' &lt;small&gt;DC. ex Decne.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wollemiaster'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wunderlichia'' &lt;small&gt;Riedel ex Benth. &amp; Hook.f.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Wyethia'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 

== X ==

* ''Xanthisma'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''[[Xanthium]]'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Xanthocephalum'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xanthopappus'' &lt;small&gt;C.Winkl.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xeranthemum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xerochrysum'' &lt;small&gt;Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xiphochaeta'' &lt;small&gt;Poepp.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xylanthemum'' &lt;small&gt;Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Xylorhiza'' &lt;small&gt;Nutt.&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Xylothamia'' &lt;small&gt;G.L.Nesom, Y.B.Suh, D.R.Morgan &amp; B.B.Simpson&lt;/small&gt;

== Y ==

* ''Yariguianthus'' &lt;small&gt;S.Diáz &amp; Rodr.-Cabeza&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Yermo'' &lt;small&gt;Dorn&lt;/small&gt; 
* ''Youngia'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Yunquea'' &lt;small&gt;Skottsb.&lt;/small&gt;

== Z ==

* ''Zaluzania'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zandera'' &lt;small&gt;D.L.Schulz&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zemisia'' &lt;small&gt;B.Nord.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zexmenia'' &lt;small&gt;La Llave&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zinnia'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zoegea'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zyrphelis'' &lt;small&gt;Cass.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zyzyura'' &lt;small&gt;H.Rob. &amp; Pruski&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Zyzyxia'' &lt;small&gt;Strother&lt;/small&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Asteraceae]]''</text>
      <sha1>dp37dv0flpaq0htxst0k3xqg22459c9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Efemerida/9 Mey</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>298552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137633</id>
      <parentid>1133749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T05:34:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="244" sha1="s21szepz7h8nb0pzevrjix21c3lvbzk" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[9 Mey|9 mey]] - Andron'i Eoropa''' ao amin'ny Vondrona Eoropeana :

* '''[[1945]]''' - Soniam-paneken'i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]] tao [[Berlin]] manoloana ny [[Tafika Mena|tafika]] sôvietika fa resy tsy misy fepetra ry zareo.</text>
      <sha1>s21szepz7h8nb0pzevrjix21c3lvbzk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137634</id>
      <parentid>1137633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T05:41:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="641" sha1="01xqtkcdd1a8v20qnsy6zkfnvk7frqw" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[9 Mey|9 mey]] - Andron'i Eoropa''' ao amin'ny Vondrona Eoropeana :

* '''[[1945]]''' - Soniam-paneken'i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]] tao [[Berlin]] manoloana ny [[Tafika Mena|tafika]] sôvietika fa resy tsy misy fepetra ry zareo.

* '''[[1993]]''' - Nisokatra tao [[Shanghai]], [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny [[Lalao]] [[Aziatika]] [[Atsinanana]] voalohany, izay nandraisan'ny atleta avy amin'ny firenena sy faritra sivy anjara.

* '''[[1994]]''' - Voafidy ho [[Filoham-pirenena|filoha]] [[mainty hoditra]] voalohany teo amin'ny [[tantara]]n'ny [[Afrika Atsimo|Repoblikan'i Afrika Atsimo]] i [[Nelson Mandela]].</text>
      <sha1>01xqtkcdd1a8v20qnsy6zkfnvk7frqw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137635</id>
      <parentid>1137634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T05:44:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="825" sha1="9i5we7yb7dgrq9k50hprpwmx5grcxrk" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[9 Mey|9 mey]] - Andron'i Eoropa''' ao amin'ny Vondrona Eoropeana :
[[File:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela, 1994]]
* '''[[1945]]''' - Soniam-paneken'i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]] tao [[Berlin]] manoloana ny [[Tafika Mena|tafika]] sôvietika fa resy tsy misy fepetra ry zareo.

* '''[[1958]]''' - Notapahin'i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny fifandraisana diplômatika amin'i [[Japàna]].

* '''[[1993]]''' - Nisokatra tao [[Shanghai]], [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny [[Lalao]] [[Aziatika]] [[Atsinanana]] voalohany, izay nandraisan'ny atleta avy amin'ny firenena sy faritra sivy anjara.

* '''[[1994]]''' - Voafidy ho [[Filoham-pirenena|filoha]] [[mainty hoditra]] voalohany teo amin'ny [[tantara]]n'ny [[Afrika Atsimo|Repoblikan'i Afrika Atsimo]] i [[Nelson Mandela]].</text>
      <sha1>9i5we7yb7dgrq9k50hprpwmx5grcxrk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137636</id>
      <parentid>1137635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T05:48:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1081" sha1="qg492uq0sfjcwcoi3aatlxpnpjinpa9" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[9 Mey|9 mey]] - Andron'i Eoropa''' ao amin'ny Vondrona Eoropeana :
[[File:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela, 1994]]
* '''[[1945]]''' - Soniam-paneken'i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]] tao [[Berlin]] manoloana ny [[Tafika Mena|tafika]] sôvietika fa resy tsy misy fepetra ry zareo.

* '''[[1958]]''' - Notapahin'i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny fifandraisana diplômatika amin'i [[Japàna]].

* '''[[1993]]''' - Nisokatra tao [[Shanghai]], [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny [[Lalao]] [[Aziatika]] [[Atsinanana]] voalohany, izay nandraisan'ny atleta avy amin'ny firenena sy faritra sivy anjara.

* '''[[1994]]''' - Voafidy ho [[Filoham-pirenena|filoha]] [[mainty hoditra]] voalohany teo amin'ny [[tantara]]n'ny [[Afrika Atsimo|Repoblikan'i Afrika Atsimo]] i [[Nelson Mandela]].

* '''[[2001]]''' - Nitifitra etona mandatsa-dranomaso tao an-kianja Ohene Djan any [[Accra]], [[Ghana]], ny [[polisy]]  hampitoniana ny korontana nandritra ny lalao [[Baolina kitra|football]] iray saingy nitarika fifanosehana izany ka nahafaty olona 126.</text>
      <sha1>qg492uq0sfjcwcoi3aatlxpnpjinpa9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137637</id>
      <parentid>1137636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T05:54:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1237" sha1="52j8o49r43tqlxnmrmyp7adim0nvfx3" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[9 Mey|9 mey]] - Andron'i Eoropa''' ao amin'ny Vondrona Eoropeana :
[[File:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela, 1994]]
* '''[[1945]]''' - Soniam-paneken'i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]] tao [[Berlin]] manoloana ny [[Tafika Mena|tafika]] sôvietika fa resy tsy misy fepetra ry zareo.

* '''[[1958]]''' - Notapahin'i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny fifandraisana diplômatika amin'i [[Japàna]].

* '''[[1993]]''' - Nisokatra tao [[Shanghai]], [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Shina]] ny [[Lalao]] [[Aziatika]] [[Atsinanana]] voalohany, izay nandraisan'ny atleta avy amin'ny firenena sy faritra sivy anjara.

* '''[[1994]]''' - Voafidy ho [[Filoham-pirenena|filoha]] [[mainty hoditra]] voalohany teo amin'ny [[tantara]]n'ny [[Afrika Atsimo|Repoblikan'i Afrika Atsimo]] i [[Nelson Mandela]].

* '''[[2001]]''' - Nitifitra etona mandatsa-dranomaso tao an-kianja Ohene Djan any [[Accra]], [[Ghana]], ny [[polisy]]  hampitoniana ny korontana nandritra ny lalao [[Baolina kitra|football]] iray saingy nitarika fifanosehana izany ka nahafaty olona 126.

* '''[[2010]]''' - Sambany nanao [[matso]] teo amin'ny kianja mena, [[Moskoa]] ny miaramila avy ao [[Frantsa]], [[Fanjakana Mitambatra]] ary [[Etazonia]].</text>
      <sha1>52j8o49r43tqlxnmrmyp7adim0nvfx3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Efemerida/10 Mey</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>298553</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137638</id>
      <parentid>1133750</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T06:18:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137638</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="261" sha1="70rsb0trwm7pn5n80o3yqewqkt5mwxz" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[10 Mey|10 mey]]''':

* '''[[1941]]''' - [[Ady Lehibe Faharoa|Ady lehibe faharoa]] - Nalatsaka an'elon'aina tao Ekôsy i [[Rudolf Hess]] lefitr'i [[Adolf Hitler]] mitady fifampiraharahana amin'ny governemanta [[britanika]] hialàny amin'ny [[ady]].</text>
      <sha1>70rsb0trwm7pn5n80o3yqewqkt5mwxz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137640</id>
      <parentid>1137638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T06:24:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="363" sha1="qkhsymy54ze18tr4qvxkxtpamxa6rud" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[10 Mey|10 mey]]''':

* '''[[1940]]''' - Nanomboka nandoro ireo [[boky]] tsy ankasitrahany i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]]

* '''[[1941]]''' - [[Ady Lehibe Faharoa|Ady lehibe faharoa]] - Nalatsaka an'elon'aina tao Ekôsy i [[Rudolf Hess]] lefitr'i [[Adolf Hitler]] mitady fifampiraharahana amin'ny governemanta [[britanika]] hialàny amin'ny [[ady]].</text>
      <sha1>qkhsymy54ze18tr4qvxkxtpamxa6rud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137641</id>
      <parentid>1137640</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T06:32:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="584" sha1="fvw1ea5lmrjjl3y7c283wyd4q4vo4oy" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[10 Mey|10 mey]]''':

* [[1871]] - Ny Fifanarahana tao [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt]] namarana ny Ady [[Frantsay (vahoaka)|Frantsay]] sy [[Prosia-Atsinanana|Prosiana]] izay nanomboka tamin'ny taona 1870 ary nanamafy ny faharesen'ny Frantsay.

* '''[[1940]]''' - Nanomboka nandoro ireo [[boky]] tsy ankasitrahany i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]]

* '''[[1941]]''' - [[Ady Lehibe Faharoa|Ady lehibe faharoa]] - Nalatsaka an'elon'aina tao Ekôsy i [[Rudolf Hess]] lefitr'i [[Adolf Hitler]] mitady fifampiraharahana amin'ny governemanta [[britanika]] hialàny amin'ny [[ady]].</text>
      <sha1>fvw1ea5lmrjjl3y7c283wyd4q4vo4oy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137666</id>
      <parentid>1137641</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T09:15:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JianJi</username>
        <id>36396</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="590" sha1="dcc6fomcg5c1hgoxe6r1vadtctxtf97" xml:space="preserve">'''Androany [[10 Mey|10 mey]]''':

* '''[[1871]]''' - Ny Fifanarahana tao [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt]] namarana ny Ady [[Frantsay (vahoaka)|Frantsay]] sy [[Prosia-Atsinanana|Prosiana]] izay nanomboka tamin'ny taona 1870 ary nanamafy ny faharesen'ny Frantsay.

* '''[[1940]]''' - Nanomboka nandoro ireo [[boky]] tsy ankasitrahany i [[Alemaina]] [[Nazisma|Nazi]]

* '''[[1941]]''' - [[Ady Lehibe Faharoa|Ady lehibe faharoa]] - Nalatsaka an'elon'aina tao Ekôsy i [[Rudolf Hess]] lefitr'i [[Adolf Hitler]] mitady fifampiraharahana amin'ny governemanta [[britanika]] hialàny amin'ny [[ady]].</text>
      <sha1>dcc6fomcg5c1hgoxe6r1vadtctxtf97</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paralisisa amin'ny torimaso</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>298948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137661</id>
      <parentid>1134630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:24:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso]] ho [[Paralisisa amin'ny torimaso]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1134630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4537" sha1="ss71cyupqp2vttnfvojxx88e90cxktc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Sleep_paralysis
|synonym          =
|image            =John Henry Fuseli - The Nightmare.JPG
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =
|caption          =''[[The Nightmare]]'' by [[Henry Fuseli]] (1781) is thought to be a depiction of sleep paralysis perceived as a [[demon]]ic visitation.
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Sleep medicine]]
|symptoms         =Awareness but inability to move during waking or falling asleep&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|onset            =
|duration         =Less than a couple of minutes&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|causes           =
|risks            =[[Narcolepsy]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], alcohol use, [[sleep deprivation]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|diagnosis        =Based on description&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|differential     =[[Narcolepsy]], [[atonic seizure]], [[hypokalemic periodic paralysis]], [[night terror]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|prevention       =
|treatment        =Reassurance, [[sleep hygiene]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[antidepressants]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =8–50%&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|deaths           =
}}
'''Ny paralysisa amin'ny torimaso''' dia toe-javatra iray, mandritra ny fifohazana na ny torimaso, izay ahafahan'ny olona iray mahatsiaro tena saingy tsy afaka mihetsika na miteny.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=BA|title=A clinician's guide to recurrent isolated sleep paralysis.|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|date=2016|volume=12|pages=1761–67|doi=10.2147/NDT.S100307|pmid=27486325|pmc=4958367}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Avidan|first=Alon Y.|last2=Zee|first2=Phyllis C.|title=Handbook of Sleep Medicine|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9781451153859|page=Chapter 5|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&amp;pg=PT113|language=en|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630004420/https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&amp;pg=PT113|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mandritra ny tranga iray, mety handre, hahatsapa, na hahita zavatra tsy misy ny olona iray, izay matetika miteraka [[tahotra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Mazàna dia latsaky ny roa minitra monja ny faharetan'ny fizarana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mety hitranga indray mandeha izany na mety hiverimberina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

Mety hitranga amin'ireo izay salama tsara na ireo voan'ny narcolepsy ity aretina ity, na mety ho lova avy amin'ny fianakaviana vokatry ny fiovan'ny  fitarambasina manokana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mety ho vokatry ny tsy fahampian-torimaso, ny rarin-tsaina, na ny tsingerin'ny torimaso tsy ara-dalàna ny toe-javatra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny antony fototra dia heverina fa misy fiantraikany amin'ny tsy fahatomombanan'ny torimaso REM.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny toe-batan'ny olona iray.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny toe-javatra hafa mety hiseho mitovy amin'izany dia ahitana ny narcolepsy, ny atonic seizure, ary ny hypokalemic periodic paralysis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt;

Tsy dia voadinika tsara ireo fomba fitsaboana ny paralysisa amin'ny torimaso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Amporisihina ny olona mba ahatoky tena fa mahazatra ity aretina ity ary amin'ny ankapobeny dia tsy dia mampidi-doza loatra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Ny ezaka hafa azo andramana dia ahitana ny fahadiovana amin'ny torimaso, ny fitsaboana ara-tsaina momba ny fitondran-tena, ary ny fanafody mampitony ny fahaketrahana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

Eo anelanelan'ny 8% sy 50%-n'ny olona no mahatsapa paralysisa amin'ny torimaso amin'ny fotoana iray eo amin'ny fiainany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bri2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=Brian A.|last2=Barber|first2=Jacques P.|title=Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: A systematic review|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|date=October 2011|volume=15|issue=5|pages=311–315|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.01.007|pmid=21571556|pmc=3156892}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manodidina ny 5%-n'ny olona no manana tranga tsy tapaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mitovy ny fiantraikan'izany eo amin'ny lahy sy ny vavy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Efa voalaza nandritra ny tantara ny tsy fahafahan'ny olona matory tsara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Inoana fa nandray anjara tamin'ny famoronana tantara momba ny fakana an-keriny vahiny sy tranga hafahafa hafa izy io.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>ss71cyupqp2vttnfvojxx88e90cxktc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137663</id>
      <parentid>1137661</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:26:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nanitsy tsipelina</comment>
      <origin>1137663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4609" sha1="8y4id6fipn1g8670lhjsmkag4bvpie7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Sleep_paralysis
|synonym          =
|image            =John Henry Fuseli - The Nightmare.JPG
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =
|caption          =''[[The Nightmare]]'' by [[Henry Fuseli]] (1781) is thought to be a depiction of sleep paralysis perceived as a [[demon]]ic visitation.
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Sleep medicine]]
|symptoms         =Awareness but inability to move during waking or falling asleep&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|onset            =
|duration         =Less than a couple of minutes&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|causes           =
|risks            =[[Narcolepsy]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], alcohol use, [[sleep deprivation]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|diagnosis        =Based on description&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|differential     =[[Narcolepsy]], [[atonic seizure]], [[hypokalemic periodic paralysis]], [[night terror]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|prevention       =
|treatment        =Reassurance, [[sleep hygiene]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[antidepressants]]&lt;ref name=Sharp2016/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =8–50%&lt;ref name=Av2011/&gt;
|deaths           =
}}
Ny '''paralisisa amin'ny torimaso''' dia toe-javatra iray, mandritra ny fifohazana na ny torimaso, izay ahafahan'ny olona iray mahatsiaro tena saingy tsy afaka mihetsika na miteny.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=BA|title=A clinician's guide to recurrent isolated sleep paralysis.|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|date=2016|volume=12|pages=1761–67|doi=10.2147/NDT.S100307|pmid=27486325|pmc=4958367}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Avidan|first=Alon Y.|last2=Zee|first2=Phyllis C.|title=Handbook of Sleep Medicine|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9781451153859|page=Chapter 5|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&amp;pg=PT113|language=en|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630004420/https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&amp;pg=PT113|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mandritra ny tranga iray, mety handre, hahatsapa, na hahita zavatra tsy misy ny olona iray, izay matetika miteraka [[tahotra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Mazàna dia latsaky ny roa minitra monja ny faharetan'ny fizarana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mety hitranga indray mandeha izany na mety hiverimberina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

Mety hitranga amin'ireo izay salama tsara na ireo voan'ny narcolepsy ity aretina ity, na mety ho lova avy amin'ny fianakaviana vokatry ny fiovan'ny  fitarambasina manokana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mety ho vokatry ny tsy fahampian-torimaso, ny rarin-tsaina, na ny tsingerin'ny torimaso tsy ara-dalàna ny toe-javatra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny antony fototra dia heverina fa misy fiantraikany amin'ny tsy fahatomombanan'ny torimaso REM.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny toe-batan'ny olona iray.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Ny toe-javatra hafa mety hiseho mitovy amin'izany dia ahitana ny narcolepsy, ny atonic seizure, ary ny hypokalemic periodic paralysis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt;

Tsy dia voadinika tsara ireo fomba fitsaboana ny paralisisa amin'ny torimaso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Amporisihina ny olona mba ahatoky tena fa mahazatra ity aretina ity ary amin'ny ankapobeny dia tsy dia mampidi-doza loatra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Ny ezaka hafa azo andramana dia ahitana ny fahadiovana amin'ny torimaso, ny fitsaboana ara-tsaina momba ny fitondran-tena, ary ny fanafody mampitony ny fahaketrahana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

Eo anelanelan'ny 8% sy 50%-n'ny olona no mahatsapa paralysisa amin'ny torimaso amin'ny fotoana iray eo amin'ny fiainany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bri2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=Brian A.|last2=Barber|first2=Jacques P.|title=Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: A systematic review|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|date=October 2011|volume=15|issue=5|pages=311–315|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.01.007|pmid=21571556|pmc=3156892}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manodidina ny 5%-n'ny olona no manana tranga tsy tapaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Mitovy ny fiantraikan'izany eo amin'ny lahy sy ny vavy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Av2011&quot; /&gt; Efa voalaza nandritra ny tantara ny tsy fahafahan'ny olona matory tsara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt; Inoana fa nandray anjara tamin'ny famoronana tantara momba ny fakana an-keriny vahiny sy tranga hafahafa hafa izy io.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharp2016&quot; /&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>8y4id6fipn1g8670lhjsmkag4bvpie7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>298988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137588</id>
      <parentid>1137508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:25:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rohy anatiny</comment>
      <origin>1137588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50299" sha1="l0cdvh902cq0up8cfdaxrybiy6lxv24" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Catharanthus roseus24 08 2012 (2).JPG|vignette|364x364px|Tonga na vonenina (''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'')]]
Ny '''zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara''', izay misy karazana miisa 3&amp;nbsp;245, dia ampahany amin' ny karazan-javamaniry misy eto amin' ny [[Madagasikara|Nosy]], ka ny 60&amp;nbsp;% amin' izy ireo dia tsy hita raha tsy eto&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1591#:~:text=Results:%20The%20medicinal%20plants%20inventoried,most%20morbid%20ones%20in%20Madagascar. Synthesis and analysis of data on inventories of medicinal plants in Madagascar]&quot;, ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Andrianavalonirina A.M. et al, &quot;Etude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales du district d’Antanifotsy, région de Vakinankaratra au Madagascar&quot;, ''RAMReS-PMTA'',  2023.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Anisan' ny fantatra indrindra ny vonenina na tonga (''[[Catharanthus roseus]]''), ny vahona (''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' sy ''[[Aloe vera]]'' indrindraindrindra), ny ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' na ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]''), ny mandravasarotra (''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]''), ny niaoly (''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]''), ny havozomangidy (''[[Ravensara aromatica]]''), ny katrafay (''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]''), ary ny talapetraka (''[[Centella asiatica]]'').

== Lisitra ==
[[Sary:Camphora officinarum in Palm House Schoenbrunn (3).jpg|vignette|262x262px|Ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'')]]
Inty ny lisitry ny anarana ara-tsiansan' ny karazan-javamaniry fanao fanafody maniry eto [[Madagasikara]], arakarahin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]]. Marihina fa misy ny anarana iray amin' ny teny malagasy izay mety hanondro karazan-javamaniry roa na mihoatra. Amin' ireo anarana ara-tsiansa ireo dia misy ny efa nosoloana vokatry ny fikarohana taty aoriana nataon' ny manampahaizana.

=== A ===

* ''[[Abelmoschus esculentus]] --'' gombo, tambazotse, tsirandranjaza
* ''[[Abelmoschus manihot]]''
* ''[[Abrus precatorius]]'' Linné. (mila fitandremana fa mety manapoizina) ''--'' kelimiefitra, masokoaky, masonamboangara, masonamboatora, masonombilahy, vahemboamena, &lt;u&gt;vahimboamena&lt;/u&gt;, voamahatorana, voamaintilany, voamaintorana, voamantorana, voamasotrandraka, voamatorana, voamboanamainty, voamboanamena, voamena.
* ''[[Abutilon indicum]] --'' 
* ''[[Acacia decurrens]]''. (Mimosa)
* ''[[Acacia farnesiana]]'' DC. (Famahatra) ;
* ''[[Acacia morodavensis]]'' Viguier. (Robontsy)
* ''[[Acalypha indica]]''
* ''[[Acalypha radula]]'' Baker (Tsiety)
* ''[[Acalypha reticulata]]'' (Poiret) (Fanavy/ Tsimbaleotra) -- bemangitra, marompototra, &lt;u&gt;tsimbaleotra&lt;/u&gt;, vahizato
* ''[[Acalypha]] sp.'' (Vahindranavavy II)
* ''[[Acanthopale madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' D.C (Bakakely) -- [[bakakely]], [[fatika]]
* ''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
* ''[[Achyranthes aspera]]'' -- fandrangojaza, tsipolitra, tsipolomanitra, tsiporomanitra, tsipotamena, tsipotemena, vatofosa, vatomposa
* ''Acmella oleracea'' (sady anana)
* ''Acridocarpus excelsus'' -- kimanga
* ''[[Adansonia digitata]] --'' baobaba, baobaza, baovola, bontona, boringy, fontana, rainiala, ringy, sefo, vonoa, vontana na vontona.
* ''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'' -- renala, reniala, renibeala na vonoa.
* ''[[Adenanthera pavonina]] --'' volantsaramanga
* ''Adenia boinensis'' Per de la Bathie. (Vahiranga).
* ''[[Adenia gummifera]]''
* ''[[Adenium obesum]]''
* ''[[Adhatoda vasica]]'' (→ ''[[Justicia adhatoda]]'')
* ''[[Adiantum caudatum]]''
* ''[[Adiantum philippense]]''
* ''Aerva lanata'' (L.) Juss (Anantarikómby)
* ''Aeschynomene brevifolia'' Poiret. (Sindahonimbohitra).
* ''Aeschynomene uniflora'' E. Meyer. (Sindahorindrano).
* ''[[Lingoza|Aframomum angustifolium]]''  K. Schum. -- &lt;u&gt;longoza&lt;/u&gt;
* [[Aframomum melegueta|A''framomum melegueta'']]
* ''[[Afzelia bijuga]]''
* ''Agauria salicifolia'' et ''plpyphylla'' Hook (Angavodiana)
* ''[[Agave sisalana]]''
* ''Agelaea pentagyna'' (Lamk) Baillon (Vahy mainty)
* ''[[Ageratum conyzoides]]'' Linné -- ahimaimbo, ahimembo, alonimpantsaka, anajazavavy, andranompatsaka, bemaimbo, fotsivony, &lt;u&gt;hanitrimpantsaka&lt;/u&gt;, hanitrombalahy, timimbo, tinimbo, tsiafakanakandriana, tsiafakanandriana, tsifariparimaso
* ''[[Aidia densiflora]]''
* ''[[Aidia micrantha]]''
* ''[[Alangium salviifolium]]''
* ''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''
* ''Albizia aurisparsa'' Drake. (Masinanio)
* ''[[Albizia lebbeck]]'' -- bonara
* ''Albizia saman'' (→ ''[[Samanea saman]]'')
* ''Albizzia fastigiata'' Oliver. (Sambalahy) ;
* ''[[Albuca humilis]]''
* ''Alchemilla cryptantha'' Steudel. (Mahatanandofotsy I) ;
* ''[[Aleurites moluccanus]]'' -- mofotra, savoga, savokara, tanantanana ary tanatanana
* ''[[Allamanda cathartica]]''
* ''[[Allium cepa]]''
* ''[[Tongologasy|Allium sativum]]'' ''--'' tongologasy, tongolay, tongolonkova
* ''[[Allophylus africanus]]''
* ''Allophylus trichodesmus'' Radlkofer. (Sanatrinamboa) ;
* ''[[Aloe capitata]]''
* ''Aloe capitata'' Baker var. ''cipolicola'' H. Perr. (Vahon’olona).
* ''[[Aloe divaricata]]'' -- vahonandrano
* ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' Baker. -- kisaondra, lahimbahona, vahombe, &lt;u&gt;vahona&lt;/u&gt;, vahonavahona
* ''[[Aloe vaombe]]'' -- vahombe, vahombey
* ''[[Alovera|Aloe vera]]'' -- vahona
* ''[[Alphonsea madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Alpinia galanga]]''
* ''[[Alpinia zerumbet]]''
* ''[[Alstonia boonei]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera pungens]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera sessilis]]''
* ''Alysicarpus bupleurifolius'' ADC. (Foko lahy).
* ''Alysicarpus nummularifolius'' ADC. (Mangorodefona, Vavonikena).
* ''[[Alysicarpus ovalifolius]]''
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Foko vavy).
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Tokambody).
* ''[[Alysicarpus vaginalis]]''
* ''[[Amanita tainaomby]]'' R. Heim (Ola Tain'Omby)
* ''Amaranthus dubius'' Martius (Kiatondrambohira)
* ''Amaranthus hybridus'' Linné (Anamena)
* ''[[Amaranthus spinosus]] --'' anampantsy, anampatsa, añampatsy, anapatsalahy, dasy, felipatika, kimoaelahy, kimoaevavy, kimoelahy, sabotraboay
* ''[[Amaranthus viridis]]''
* ''[[Ambavia gerrardii]]''
* ''[[Ambrosia artemisiifolia]]''
* ''Ambrosia maritima'' DC (Damsissa)
* ''[[Ammi majus]]''
* ''[[Ammi visnaga]]''
* ''Amygadalus persica'' Linné. (Paiso) ;
* ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]''
* ''[[Anacolosa pervilleana]]''
* ''Anagallis tenuicaulis'' Baker. (Tsangamanitramparihy) ;
* ''[[Mananasy|Ananas comosus]]'' Merrill -- fandra, &lt;u&gt;mananasy&lt;/u&gt;, satra.
* ''Andasonia sp.'' (Za)
* ''[[Andrographis paniculata]]''
* ''[[Andropogon gayanus]]''
* ''Andropogon schoenanthus'' Linné (Veromanitra)
* ''[[Androya decaryi]]''
* ''[[Angraecum sesquipedale]]''
* ''Angraecum'' sp. (Valily vavy) ;
* ''[[Anisopappus chinensis]]''
* ''[[Anisotes madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Annona muricata]]''
* ''[[Annona squamosa]]''
* ''Anthemis nobilis'' Linné (Camomille)
* ''Antherotoma naudini'' Hooker fils. (Kimamimamitamabina) ;
* ''Anthocleista rhizophoroides'' Baker. (Ndanidemy)
* ''Anthospermum antsirabense'' A.M. Homolle. (Ahipoza)
* ''Anthospermum eminense'' Baker. (Alamiainga)
* ''[[Antidesma madagascariense]]'' -- baronala, taindalitra, varana, varona
* ''Antidesma petiolare'' Tulas. (Voavony)
* ''Aphloia theaeformis'' Bennet (Voafotsy)
* ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' ''--'' voafotsy, fandramanana, hazondrano, kirandrambahivary, kirandrambehivavy, kirandrambiavy, maramanana, miaramanana
* ''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''
* ''[[Aponogeton madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]'' Linné. (Voanjo).
* ''Ardisia fuscopilosa'' Baker. (Hazotohobavy) ;
* ''[[Argemone mexicana]]'' -- fantsimboay, betakoa
* ''Aristolochia acuminata'' Lamarck (Sovy)
* ''[[Aristolochia albida]]''
* ''[[Aristolochia petersiana]]''
* ''[[Artabotrys hexapetalus]]''
* ''[[Artemisia afra]]''
* ''[[Artemisia annua]]'' --
* ''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''
* ''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' -- ampalibe
* ''Asclepia curassavica'' Linné (Fanoromena II)
* ''[[Asparagus africanus]]''
* ''Asparagus simulans'' Baker. (Ahitsifantatra) ;
* ''Asparagus vaginellatus'' Bojer. (Roimboalavo) ;
* ''[[Aspilia africana]]''
* ''Aspilia bojeri'' DC (Ampalimbohitra)
* ''Asplenium'' (Sensu stricto) (Tsipalo)
* ''[[Aster bakerianus]]''
* ''[[Aster perrieri]]''
* ''[[Asystasia gangetica]]''
* ''Athania brownii'' Hochr (Ramiary II, Ramizengy)
* ''Athrixia debilis'' DC (Anjavidy lahy)
* ''[[Athyrium filix-femina]]''
* ''[[Averrhoa carambola]]''
* ''[[Avicennia marina]]''
* ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' -- nimo

=== B ===

* ''Bacopa monnieri''
* ''Bakarella baronii'' baker. (Tongoalahy).
* ''Balanites madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa vulgaris''
* ''Baphia madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria lupulina''
* ''Barleria madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria prionitis'' L. (Rointsokina II)
* ''Barringtonia asiatica''
* ''Barringtonia madagascariensis''
* ''Barringtonia racemosa''
* ''Basella alba''
* ''Baudouinia fluggeiformis''
* ''Baudouinia rouxevillei''
* ''Bauhinia grandidieri''
* ''Bauhinia hildebrandtii''
* ''Bauhinia madagascariensis''
* ''Bauhinia monandra''
* ''Bauhinia purpurea''
* ''Bauhinia variegata''
* ''Begonia lyallii''
* ''Begonia madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera pervilleana''
* ''Bidens pilosa'' Linné (Tsipolitra)
* ''Biophytum sensitivum'' (Linné) DC. (Kifohafoha) ;
* ''Bixa orellana''
* ''Blechnum tabulare'' (Thunberg Kuhn) (Tsipahonamalon'a)
* ''Blepharis bojeriana''
* ''Blumea balsamifera''
* ''Blumea lacera''
* ''Blumea madagascariensis''
* ''Blumea mollis''
* ''Boerhavia coccinea''
* ''Boerhavia diffusa''
* ''Boerhavia repens''
* ''Bolbitis madagascariensis''
* ''Bonamia madagascariensis''
* ''Borassus madagascariensis''
* ''Borreria verticillata''
* ''Boscia madagascariensis''
* ''Boswellia madagascariensis''
* ''Brachylaena merana''
* ''Brachylaena microphylla'' Humbert (Peha)
* ''[[Brachylaena ramiflora]]'' (DC) H. Humbert ''--'' &lt;u&gt;hazotokana&lt;/u&gt;, kisaka, mananitra, mananotra, mananotsa, sotromorona
* ''Breonadia salicina'' (← ''Adina microcephala'')
* ''Brewiera sp.'' (Ovinandrongo)
* B''rexia madagascariensis''
* ''Brexia pluriflora''
* ''Bridelia madagascariensis''
* ''Bridelia micrantha''
* ''Bridelia pervilleana''
* ''Bridelia tulasneana''
* ''Brillantaisia madagascariensis''
* ''Brochoneura voury'' Warburg. (Raraha).
* ''Bryophyllum daigremontianum'' (= ''Kalanchoe daigremontiana'')
* ''Bryophyllum delagoense'' (= ''Kalanchoe delagoensis'')
* ''Bryophyllum pinnatum'' (= ''Kalanchoe pinnata'')
* ''Buchnera hispida'' Hamilt. (Tamborokijoa) ;
* ''Buchnera madagascariensis''
* ''Buddleja axillaris'' Willd ex Roemer et Schultes. (Seva Fotsy)
* ''Buddleja fusca'' Baker. (Seva Lahy)
* ''Buddleja indica''
* ''Buddleja madagascariensis''
* ''Bulbophyllum madagascariense''
* ''Bulbostylis madagascariensis''
* ''Burasaia madagascariensis''
* ''Burasia gracilis'' Decaisne. (Kotolahy) ;
* ''Burasia madagascariensis'' Duperit Thouars. (Ody Tohina) ;
* ''Burmannia madagascariensis''
* ''Bursera madagascariensis''
* ''Buxus madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria melleri'' Baker var. triloba J. Ar. (Fanary) ;
* ''Byttneria pervillei''

=== C ===

* ''Cabucala crassifolia'' Pichon (Hazotandroka)
* ''Cabucala oblonga-ovata'' Markgraff (Hentona)
* ''[[Caesalpinia bonduc]]'' L. -- fananomahery, katra, tsiafakomby, &lt;u&gt;tsirifota&lt;/u&gt;, vatolalaka
* ''Caesalpinia bonducella'' (Roxb) Fleming (Vatolalaka)
* ''[[Caesalpinia pulcherrima]] --''
* ''Caesalpinia sepiaria'' Roxb (Tsiafakomby)
* ''[[Amberivatry|Cajanus cajan]]'' ''--'' ambarivatry, ambatry, amberivatry, ambiatrimbohitra, ambiatry, antsotry, asotrilahy, bokana, hazondandy, kiambatrimbohitsa, kivanja
* ''Cajanus indicus'' Spreng. (Ambiatry).
* ''Calantica cerasifolia'' Tul. (Hazoambo)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I) ;
* ''Callisternum'' sp. (Niaouli) ;
* ''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]'' Linné -- anganaro, foraha, forahabe, itakamaka, mafotra, takamaka, timbarika, tsindelo, &lt;u&gt;vintanina&lt;/u&gt;, vintaninaberavina, 24 voakoly, voakotry, voalavenona
* ''[[Calophyllum madagascariensis]]''
* ''Calophyllum parviflorum'' Baker (Vintanina)
* ''Calopyxis bernieriana'' (Tulasne) Perrier de la Bathie (Voatamenaka)
* ''[[Calotropis gigantea]]''
* ''[[Cananga odorata]]'' -- ilañilañy
* ''[[Canarium boivinii]]'' -- aramy, haramy, ramifotsy, ramimainty, ramimena, ramy, tambazotse
* ''[[Canarium madagascariense]]'' (←''Canarium madagascariensis'') ''--'' aramy, haramy, &lt;u&gt;ramy&lt;/u&gt; ary tambazotse
* ''Cannabis indica'' Linné (Rongony)
* ''Canthium baxifolium'' (Baker) Cavaco. (Fantsikahitra)
* ''Canthium erythroxyloides'' Baillon. (Ananamboa)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Farimay)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Voanananapaha lahy / vavy)
* ''Caperonia sp.'' (Vahindambo)
* ''[[Capsicum frutescens]]''
* ''Capsium annuum'' Linné. (Sakaipilo)
* ''Cardiospermum halicacabum'' L. Boj. (Vahifamakientana II) ;
* ''[[Papay|Carica papaya]]'' L. ''--'' papay, &lt;u&gt;voampaza lahy&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Carissa edulis'' Vahl var. ''subtrinervia'' (Fantsimbala)
* ''Casearia nigrescens'' Tul. var. ''lucida'' (Hazonakoholahy)
* ''Cassia alata'' Linné (→ ''[[Senna alata]]'') -- anjananjana
* ''Cassia laevigata'' Willd (Taikakoho)
* ''Cassia mimosoides'' Linné (Masina anio, Mendoravina)
* ''[[Cassia occidentalis]]'' Sond (= ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'') (Tsotsoranagatra)
* ''Cassinopsis madagascariensis'' H. Bn. (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Cassytha filiformis'' Linné. (Tsihiatofotra) ;
* ''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'' -- arivotambelona, befela, felabaratra, felatanamamba, heladolo, rivotambelona, salotsa, sarita, tonga, tongatse, trongatse, tsimatiririnina, tsingevika, vonenina
* ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' sy ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' ''coriaceus'' (Bak) Pichon (Felanjirika)
* ''Caucalis melanatha'' (Hoschter) Benth et Hook fils. (Tongotrandraka) ;
* ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' Baillon. -- katafa, katrafaina, &lt;u&gt;katrafay&lt;/u&gt;, katsafa, mampandry, mantora
* ''[[Ceiba pentandra]]'' -- hazomorengy, kaboaka, kapoaka, kapôka, landahazobe, landihazobe, laoaty, moraingy, pamba, pemba, pembabe
* ''Celosia trigyna'' L. (Velomitsotsorika)
* ''Centella asiatica'' (L.) Urban, forma abreviata. (Talapetraka) ;
* ''[[Centella asiatica]]'' -- anamanitra, anampetraka, anantahalaka, anantalapetraka, kiladitahalaka, korokorona, loviantsahonantanety, raivolesoka, silabola, talapetraka, viliantsahonantanety
* ''Cephalanthus spathelliformis'' Baker. (Sidindranto)
* ''Cerastinum africanum'' Oliv (Tsivahadrenikely)
* ''Cerasus padus'' DC. (Paiso voaloboka) ;
* ''Cereus sp.'' (Raketa)
* ''Chapeliera madagascariensis'' AR. RH. (Ravimbolo)
* ''[[Chassalia bojeri]]''
* ''[[Chassalia princei]]''
* ''[[Chenopodium ambrosioides]]'' Linné -- akatasavola, akatasoavaly, bemaimbo, &lt;u&gt;taimborontsiloza&lt;/u&gt;, tainivorontsiloza, tetrolokoloko, tetrolokolona
* ''Chenopodium bonum henricum'' Linné (Takasimboloina)
* ''Chenopodium murale'' Linné (Anambodihena)
* ''Chlerodendron heretophyllum'' R. Br. (Fantsinakohoy) ;
* ''[[Chromolaena odorata]]''
* ''Chrysanthellum indicum'' Linné (Trakambazimba)
* ''Cineraria anampoza'' Baker (Anampoza)
* ''Cinnamomosma fragrans'' Baillon (Mandravasarotra II)
* ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]'' Linné. ''--'' &lt;u&gt;ravintsara&lt;/u&gt;, ravitsara
* ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamomum zeylanicum]]'' Breyn. -- andrembavinaveotra, hazokanelina, hazomanitra, kanelina, ravintsara
* ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' -- fanalamangidy, [[mandravasarotra]], molotrobeantiniaina, motrebetinainy, motrobeantinena, saro
* ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamosma madagascariensis]]'' -- sakaihazo, sakarivohazo, vahabahatra
* ''Cissampelos pareira'' Linné. (Vahivoriavina)
* ''Cissampelos perrieri'' Diels. (Vahimavo)
* ''Cissampelos'' sp. (Ramilelatra)
* ''[[Cissus quadrangularis]]''
* ''[[Citrus aurantiifolia]]'' Swing. -- (Voasary makirana)angy, besenta, hangy
* ''[[Citrus hystrix]] -''- voangabe, voangibe
* ''[[Citrus limon]]'' -- voasarimakirana
* ''Citrus'' sp. (Voasary mandina)
* ''Claoxylon bakerianum'' Baillon (Sitrakafavoa)
* ''[[Cleistanthus boivinianus]] --'' tanatanampotsy
* ''[[Cleistanthus madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Cleistopholis madagascariensis]]''
* ''Clematis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Farimaty)
* ''Clematis trifida'' Hook. (Fotsivolomanoka)
* ''[[Cleome gynandra]]''
* ''Clerodendron hircinum'' Schauer var. dentatum Moldenke. (Vanginamboa) 
* ''Clerodendron putre'' Sch. (Tsantsambaitra IV)
* ''Clerodendron pyrifolium'' J.G. Baker. (Vatoana)
* ''[[Clerodendrum myricoides]]''
* ''Climatis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Vahintseva).
* ''[[Clitoria ternatea]]'' -- famehifary, vahintsikomba
* ''[[Cnestis polyphylla]] -''- tokambahatra, tokambahatsa, tokambahitra, tokambahy, tongambahitsy, tongambiliotsio, tongombahiby, tsefaka, vahipika, voahento, voantsefaka, voapika, voasefaka, voasefakafotsy
* ''[[Voanio|Cocos nucifera]]'' Linné ''-''- voanio
* ''Coffea arabica'' Pierre. (Kafe gasy)
* ''Coffea liberica'' Pierre. (Kafe Liberia)
* ''Coleus aromaticus'' Benth (Ahibitsy)
* ''Coleus bojeri'' Baker (Bororom-parihy)
* ''Colocasia antiquorum'' Sch (Saonjo)
* ''[[Colocasia esculenta]]'' (Linné) Schot var. ''aquatilis'' (Saonjon-drano)
* ''[[Combretum coccineum]]'' -- halaitra
* ''Combretum micrantum'' G. Don (Kankiliba)
* ''[[Commelina benghalensis]]'' -- tsimativonoina
* ''[[Commelina diffusa]]'' -- ahidimaño, tsimativonoina.
* ''Commelina madagascariensis'' Clarke (Nifinankanga)
* ''Commelina nudiflora'' Linné (Tsimativonoina)
* ''[[Commiphora madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Commiphora simplicifolia]]'' -- daro, fantsakatsa, fatsakatsa, mangory, sangatsy, sengatsy
* ''Conyza aegyptiaca'' Aiton (DC) (Kelivoloina II)
* ''Conyza garnieri'' Klatt (Miandramidrika)
* ''Conyza hitella'' A. de Candolle (Dingandingantahalaka)
* ''Cosmos bipinnatus'' Linné (Cosmos)
* ''Craspidospermum verticillatum'' Bojer (Vandrika)
* ''Crassocephalum bojeri'' (DC) Robyns (Kimalahona)
* ''Crassocephalum rubens'' (Jacquin) Sp Moore (Anandrambo)
* ''Crassocephalum sarcobasis'' DC (Anandrambo)
* ''Crinum asiaticum'' Roxb (Tsitsaontsaona)
* ''Crotalaria diosmaefolia'' Bentham. (Voatelinondry).
* ''Crotalaria fulva'' Roxberg. (Crotalaria fulva Roxberg).
* ''[[Crotalaria retusa]]'' Linné -- akondrojaza, akondrongolo, ambarivatrindolo, amberivatrindolo, &lt;u&gt;ambiatindolo&lt;/u&gt;, ambiatrindolo, andriambavibe, bosy, diankazolahy, faliakoho, famonoakoho, hintsakintsaka, kinesakinesa, kinsakinsa, kitsakitsanakoho, kitsakitsanankizy, kitsakitsandomohina, mangakely, tsiakondroakondro, tsimembo, tsingirigiry, 116 voapika
* ''Crotalaria saltiana'' Andrew. (Ambiatrimbohitra).
* ''Crotalaria'' sp. (Hazongaga II).
* ''Crotalaria striata'' DC. (Voakirintsana).
* ''Crotalaria tenuis'' Baker. (Foko).
* ''Crotalaria xanthoclada'' Bojer. (Maitsoririnina I).
* ''Croton catatii'' Baillon. (Andriambolafotsy)
* ''[[Croton dichogamus]]''
* ''[[Croton malgassicus]]''
* ''[[Croton noronhae]]'' -- andriambavifoty, anizety, fanafa, fotsiavadika, fotsiavady, kitimaroanaka, ndriambolafotsy
* ''Croton sp.'' (Somorona hazo)
* ''Croton stannaeum'' Baillon (Sily)
* ''Cucurbita maxima'' Linné (Voatavo)
* ''[[Cucumis melo|Cucurmis melo]]'' L. (Voatango vavy)
* ''[[Cucurmis sativus]]'' L. (Voatango lahy)
* ''[[Tamotamo|Curcuma longa]]'' L. -- gingisy, gingiza, &lt;u&gt;tamotamo&lt;/u&gt;, vaza, vogotany
* ''[[Curcuma zedoaria]]'' --
* ''[[Cussonia bojeri]]'' -- hazongoaika, hazotsara, tsiahilika, tsingila, tsingilo
* ''Cussonia fraxinifolia'' Baker (Vatsilana)
* ''[[Cussonia spicata]]''
* ''Cyanotis nodiflora'' Kunt (Evonevona)
* ''Cyathula cylindrica'' (Bojer) Moquin (Tangongona)
* ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' -- veromanitra, fantakamanitra, fatakamanitra, fiahana, fiehana, verofehana, verofehina, veromafaika.
* ''[[Cymbopogon nardus]]''
* ''Cynanchum andrigitrense'' Choux (Vahinato)
* ''Cynara scolimus'' L. (Artichaut)
* ''[[Cynodon dactylon]]'' Pers -- arampandrotra, arapandrotra, fandrahana, fandropalana, fandrotrarana, fandrotsana, firifiry, &lt;u&gt;horomainty&lt;/u&gt;, kidesy, kidresy, kindrese, kindresy, ladintrambo, rampadrotsa, rapandrotra, vahitsitafitahady, vandrahana, volonaondry, volotsaka
* ''Cynoglossum rochelia'' DC (Anamaoty)
* ''[[Cyperus articulatus]]'' Linné -- bitono, &lt;u&gt;mita&lt;/u&gt;, mito, moita, tsimitamita, vondoha
* ''Cyperus compactus'' Lamarck (Fitohizam-balala)
* ''Cyperus distans'' L.F. (Kirindrambohitra II)
* ''[[Cyperus esculentus]]'' -- karekika, karepoka
* ''Cyperus madagascariensis'' Roemer et Schultze (Vendramparihy, Zozoro)
* ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''
* ''[[Cyphostemma microdipterum]]'' (Baker) Descoings -- famakientana, &lt;u&gt;vahy famakientana&lt;/u&gt;

=== D ===

* ''Dactyloctenium aegypticum'' (Linné) P. Beauv (Ahitrombilahy)
* ''Dalbergia purpurascens'' Baillon. (Hitsika).
* ''Dalbergia'' sp. (Lanary).
* ''Dalechampia clematidifolia'' Bojer (Teloravina)
* ''Danais cernua'' Baker. (Bongontany)
* ''Danais volubilis'' Baker. (Bongon-drano)
* ''Datura alba'' et ''Datura tatula'' Linné. (Ramiary / Roingivy)
* ''Datura arborea'' Linné. (Datura)
* ''Desmodium cajanifolium''. (Olana).
* ''Desmodium canum'' SCHI et THEL. (Tsilavondrivotra).
* ''Desmodium lasiocarpum'' Decaryi. (Lambohenjana).
* ''Desmodium salicifolium'' DC. (Voapidrano).
* ''Desmodium triflorum'' DC. (Voapibohitra).
* ''Dianella ensifolia'' (L.) Redouté. (Kivondrombohitra)
* ''Dichaetanthera cordifolia'' Baker. (Voatrotraka)
* ''Dichaetanthera'' sp. (Hidina)
* ''Dichapetalum chlorinum'' (Tul) Engler. (Voambahimazana)
* ''Dichondra repens'' Forst (Telafoetra)
* ''Dichrocephala latifolia'' DC (Ahibihidrina)
* ''Dicoryphe viticoides'' Baker (Tsitsihina)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Benth. (Famahatra)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Bentham. (Roimainty II)
* ''Dilobeia thouarsii'' R. et S. (Ramandriana)
* ''Diodia sarmentosa'' Sweet. (Leiamenarana)
* ''[[Dioscorea macabiha]]'' Jumelle et Perrier (Babangy)
* ''[[Dioscorea oviala]]'' Baker (Oviala)
* ''Diospyros sp.'' (Hazondriana)
* ''Dodonaea madagascariensis'' Radlkofer. (Tsitoavana) ;
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Fimpona)
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Satrikoefamaratra)
* ''Dracaena reflexa'' Baker. (Tavola)
* ''Dracaena'' sp. (Hasina madinidravina)
* ''[[Drosera madagascariensis]]'' ''--''
* ''[[Drosera ramanitacea]]'' Burchell. -- kimatanandro, mahatanando, &lt;u&gt;mahatanandomena&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Drymaria cordata'' Willd (Anantarika)

=== E ===

* ''Elaeodendron sp.'' (Hazondrano II et III)
* ''Eleodendron oliganthum'' Baker (Fanazava I)
* ''Eleonorus tristis'' Hackel (Ahitsoritra)
* ''Elephantus scaper'' L. (Tambakotambako)
* ''Embelia concinna'' Baker. (Takasina) ;
* ''Embelia nummulariofolia'' Baker. (Tanterakala Vavy) ;
* ''Embelia obovata'' Mez. (Tanterakala) ;
* ''Embelia pyrifolia'' Wild. (Tanterakala Lahy) ;
* ''Emilia bathiaei'' H. Humbert (Anamananajary)
* ''Emilia citrina'' DC (Tsiontsiona)
* ''Emilia graminea'' DC (Anantahalaka II)
* ''[[Entada abyssinica]]'' (Vahikarabo)
* ''[[Entada chrysostachys]]'' (Sweet) Drake. (Fano)
* ''[[Enterospermum madagascariense]]'' -- masanjoana, masinjany, masinjoana, masonjana
* ''Epallage anemonifolia'' DC (Anjavidy vavy)
* ''Epallage dentata'' DC (Mafaitraty)
* ''Equisetum rainosissimum'' Desf. (Kitohitohy)
* ''Erigeron naudinii'' Bonnier (Aferontanimbohira madinika, Ahibahiny)
* ''Eriobotrya japonica'' Lindl. (Bibasy) ;
* ''Eriocaulon bifistulozum'' von Heurck (Kisangandrano vavy)
* ''Eriosema procumbens'' Benth. (Fokondantra).
* ''Erythroxylum discolor'' Bojer. (Taimboalavo)
* ''Erythroxylum ferrugineum'' Cav. (Malaimbovony)
* ''Erythroxylum gerardii'' Baker (Fanjoana)
* ''Eucalyptus'' sp. (Kininimboasary)
* ''Eucalyptus'' spp. -- kininina
* ''Eugenia aromatica'' Linné. (Jirofo) ;
* ''Eugenia cyclophylla'' Baker. (Voaoriory).
* ''[[Eugenia jambolana]]'' L. -- rotra, &lt;u&gt;robazaha&lt;/u&gt;, rotrambazaha, rotravazaha, varotra
* ''Eugenia phillyreaefolia'' Baker. (Rotra)
* ''Eulalia villosa'' (Thunb) Nees (Mafáibaratra)
* ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo)
* ''Euphorbia (section Tithymalus) emirnense'' Baker. (Fanovony)
* ''[[Euphorbia hirta]]'' Linné -- ahidinono, ahidronono, aidinono, fampinonoana, kironono, tambavy, tanampotsihelika, tsimenamena, &lt;u&gt;zanraobera&lt;/u&gt; (Jean Robert II)
* [[Euphorbia thymifolia|''Euphorbia'' ''thymifolia'']] Linné (Jean Robert I)
* ''Euphorbia tulasneana'' Baillon. (Harina)
* ''Evodia madagascariensis'' Baker. (Ampody madinika) ;
* ''Evonymus elaeodendroides'' Loesener (Rangy)
* ''Exacum quinquenervium'' Grisebach (Aferontany hazo)
* ''Exacum tsimihety'' H. Humbert (Betarosa)

=== F ===

* ''Faureo forficuliflora'' Baker. (Hazombaroa) ;
* ''[[Ficus apodocephale]]'' Baker. (Voarabe).
* ''[[Ficus baroni]]'' -- amonta, amontambavy, amontana, amontandahy, aviavindahy, hafotra, nohondahy, nonokaberavina, nonokorovana, nonondahy, nonosay, voara, voarabe
* ''Ficus megapoda'' Baker (→''[[Ficus polita]]'') (Aviavy, ''Mananona'')
* ''Ficus melleri'' Baker. (Nonoka Beravina) ;
* ''Ficus polyphlebia'' Baker. (Fompohona)
* ''Ficus pyrifolia'' Lam. (Nonoka madinidravina)
* ''Ficus soroceoides'' Baker. (Ampaly)
* ''Ficus'' ''trichopoda'' Baker. (Aviavy)
* ''[[Flacourtia indica]]'' (← ''Flacourtia ramontchi'' l'Hérit.) (Lamoty)
* ''Flagellaria indica'' L. (Vahipika)
* ''Floscopa glomeraia'' Hasskarl (Mahaleomitatao)

=== G ===

* ''Geisoriza bojeri'' Baker (Tongolombato II)
* ''Geranium simense'' Hochstetter (Mahatanandofotsy II)
* ''Gerbera elliptica'' Humbert (Fotsiavadika, Kelivoloina I)
* ''Gerbera hypochaeridoides'' Baker (Marovatra)
* ''Gladiolus garniera'' Klatt (Kisesidahy)
* ''Glochidion oreichtitum'' J. Leand. (Ahidratsy)
* ''Gnaphalium luteo album'' L. (Ahipotsy II)
* ''Gnidia danguyana'' Leandri. (Avoha)
* ''Gomphocarpus cornutus'' Decaisne (Fanory)
* ''[[Gomphocarpus fruticosus]]'' -- fandemy, faniry, fanoro, matsivina, poaka, tandemy, voamasivena
* ''Grewia'' sp. (Mandrianketra) ; ''Grewia lavalanensis'' H. Bn. (Saily).
* ''Gunnera perpansa'' L. (Tangina)
* ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'' -- [[ambiaty]]
* ''[[Gymnosporia commiphoroides]]'' H. Perr (Roitsokina)
* ''Gymnosporia divaricata'' Baker (Fantsimbala II)
* ''[[Gymnosporia linearis]]'' (Linné fils) Loesener (Tsingilofilo)
* ''Gymnosporia trigyna'' (Lamarck) Baker (Volanany)

=== H ===

* ''Halleria ligustrifolia'' Baker. (Sesesoy) ;
* ''Hartogiopsis trilobocarpa'' H. Perr (Befaroraotra)
* ''[[Harungana madagascariensis]]'' (← ''Haronga madagascariensis'' Choisy) -- arongana, dity, fahotra, fohatra, haringana, haronga, harongambato, &lt;u&gt;harongana&lt;/u&gt;, miangaroka
* ''Helichrysum abbayesei'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana vavy)
* ''Helichrysum cordifolium'' DC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum delicatissimum'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana lahy, Sesinkondana)
* ''Helichrysum faradifani'' Scott Ellicot (Ahibalala)
* ''[[Helichrysum gymnocephalum]]'' Humbert -- rambazina, rambiasina, &lt;u&gt;rambiazina&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Helichrysum hypnoides'' Viguier et Humbert (Tsantsambaitra III)
* ''Helichrysum indutum'' Humbert (Ahipotsy I)
* ''Helichrysum microcephalum'' ADC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum plantago'' ADC (Soatsamay)
* ''Helichrysum rusillonii'' Hochreutiner (Ahibalala)
* ''Helichrysum selaginifolium'' Vig et Humbert (Sava)
* ''Helichrysum sp.'' (Tsantsambaitra II)
* ''Helichrysum subumbellatum'' H. Humbert (Kijanonovoy)
* ''Helichrysum viguieri'' et ''ambositrense'' H. Humbert (Maimboakondro)
* ''Hibiscus caerulescens'' H. Bn. (Hafotsokina I)
* ''Hibiscus diversifolius'' Jacquin. (Roimainty) ;
* ''Hieracium capense'' Linné (Anantahalaka I)
* ''Hieracium madagascariensis'' DC (Kiramborambo)
* ''Homalium axillare'' (Lamarck) Bentham (Hazombato)
* ''Homalium oppositofolium'' Baillon (Tavolo rano)
* ''Hydrocotyle bonariensis'' Lam. (Kiatondra fotsy) ;
* ''Hydrocotyle hirta'' R. Br. ex A. Richard. (Viliabetsahona).
* ''Hydrocotyle ranunculoides'' Linné fils. (Telafoetrandrano) ;
* ''Hydrostachys goudotiana'' A. Juss. (Mandriandrano)
* ''Hylocereus triangularis'' Britt (Tsiloteloriana)
* ''Hyparrhonia rufa'' Stapf. (Veroferana)
* ''Hypericum japonicum'' Thunb (Famalhaihaihana lahy)
** ''Hypericum japonicum'' var ''crispum'' Thunb (Betoerana)
* ''Hypericum lalandii'' Choisy (Kianikanika)
* ''Hypoestes calaminthoides'' Baker (Sarikimalaho I)
* ''Hypoxis angustifolia'' Lamarck (Saonjonimpanaraka)
* ''Hyptis pectinata'' Poiteau (Afolava)
* ''Hyptis spicigera'' Bojer (Afolava antahalaka)

=== I ===

* ''Ichnocarpus frutescens''
* ''[[Ilex mitis]] --'' hazondrano, kamasina, lampivahitry, lampivato, lapivahatra, manofotrakoho, monofotrakoho, nofotrakoho, talate, timpantrozona, tsialefitra, tsimendretsa, tsimidretra, tsimidretsa, tsimitety, tsimitretra, valolahy
* ''Ilysanthes rotundifolia'' L. (Voanjomanga madinika an-tanety).
* ''Impatiens firmula'' Baker (Silamoridrano)
* ''Impatiens sp.'' (Kivolavola, Volavolanandrongo)
* ''[[Imperata cylindrica]]'' Beauv -- antsoro, fakatenina, fehana, manevika, saingona, &lt;u&gt;tenina&lt;/u&gt;, tenona, tsevoka
* ''[[Indigofera arrecta]] Hochstetter'' ''--'' &lt;u&gt;aika&lt;/u&gt;, engitra
* ''Indigofera bojeri'' Baker. (Kijanolambala).
* ''Indigofera glabra'' Linné. (Aika lahy).
* ''Indigofera leucoclada'' Baker. (Fisatendro).
* ''Indigofera mimosella'' Baillon. (Kiotsiotsiotany Lahy).
* ''Indigofera pedunculata'' Baker. (Aika mena).
* ''Indigofera'' sp. (Maitsokely).
* ''[[Indigofera spicata]]''
* ''Indigofera stenossepala'' Baker. (Kiotsiotsiotany Vavy).
* ''[[Indigofera suffruticosa]] -''- aika, engitra, hengitra
* ''[[Indigofera tinctoria]]'' -- aika, angitra, engitra, fangira, fatotra, hengitra, kitsakitsa, lefitra, netsy, tapisakondry
* ''Indigofora'' ''bojeri'' Baker (Kijanom-balala)
* ''Inula perrieri'' Humbert Matfeld (Lelanomby)
* ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]] --'' antarika
* ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]''  Lam. -- &lt;u&gt;vomanga&lt;/u&gt;, bageda, bokala
* ''Ipomoea beraviensis'' Vatke (Vahindranavavy)
* ''Ipomoea desmophylla'' Choisy (Kifolona)
* ''Ipomoea medium'' Choisy (Vanjitra)
* ''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' L. ''--'' lalanda, lalandandriaka, lalandana
* ''Iresine herbstii'' (= ''Iresine diffusa'' f. ''herbstii'')
* ''Iresine lindenii'' Hook (Belohalika)
* ''[[Isolona madagascariensis]]'' -- ambary, kililo, ombary, ombavy, roimbary, roimbavy
* ''Ixora coccinea''
* ''Ixora neriifolia''
* ''Ixora perrieri''

=== J ===

* ''[[Savoa|Jatropha curcas]]'' L. (Kinanomena)
* ''[[Jussiaea repens]]'' Linné. (Kiatondra) ;
* ''[[Justitia tenella]]'' T. Anders (Solidandrano)

=== K ===

* ''[[Kalanchoe laxiflora]]'' Baker (Kilenga)
* ''[[Kalanchoe orgyalis]]'' Baker (Toareny Hazo)
* ''[[Kalanchoe pannosa]]'' Baker (Rengirengy)
* ''[[Kalanchoe prolifera]]'' R. Hamet (Sodifafana)
* ''[[Kaliphora madagascariensis]]'' Hook fils. (Ranendo)
* ''[[Keraudrenia macrantha]]'' (H. Bn) J. Arines. (Siandahy).
* ''[[Kostletzkya adoensis]]'' (A. Rich) Mast. (Kotose) ;

=== L ===

* ''Labramia costata'' (Hartog) Aubréville. (Votodingana).
* ''Lactuca indica'' L. (Beroberoka)
* ''Lagarosiphon madagascariensis'' Caspary (Kisangandrano)
* ''Lagenaria siceraria'' (Molina) Standley (Voatavo Giga)
* ''Laggera alata'' Linné (Arasoy)
* ''[[Lantana camara]]'' Linné.-- radredreka, [[Radriaka|&lt;u&gt;radriaka&lt;/u&gt;]], riadriatra, taindelontsinoa
* ''Laportea amberana'' (Baker) Leandri. (Ambera) ;
* ''Lasiosiphon decaryi''. (Hazomalafana).
* ''Lasiosiphon perrieri'' Leandri. (Avohambohitra) ;
* ''Lathraeocarpa acicularis'' Bremeka mp. (Tsimarofy)
* ''Laurembergia madagascariensis'' Schindler (Kalabotretra lahy)
* ''Laurembergia veronicifolia'' (Bory) Schindler (Kiatondra mena)
* ''Lautembergia ankafinensis'' Baillon Pax et Hoff (Kinanafotsy)
* ''Lautembergia sp.'' (Karambito Vavy)
* ''Lebeckia retamoides'' Baker. (Rongalahy).
* ''Lemna paucicostata'' Linné. (Manotopotsy).
* ''[[Leonotis nepetifolia]]'' -- halanjanahary, hazonjanahary, kilanjananahary, kitsotsoka, lanjalanjananahary, &lt;u&gt;lanjambola&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Leptolaena pauciflora'' Baker (Larokaitkana)
* ''Linociera tropophylla'' Perrier de la Bathie. (Tsilambozana).
* ''Lippia citriodora'' Linné. (Kinina Oliva) ;
* ''Lissochilus plantagineus'' H. Perr. (Tongolombato I) ;
* ''Lissochilus vaginatum'' n.n. = ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo) ;
* ''Lobelia filiformis'' Lamarck. (Kimangamanga).
* ''Lophotocarpus guyanensis'' Michaux (Vilahy betsahona am-parihy)
* ''Loudetia madagascariensis'' (Baker) Bosser (Menariana)
* ''Ludwigia abyssinica'' A. Richard. (Kiatondra lahy) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis'' (Jacquin) Raven. (Molalia) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis s. espèce sessiliflora'' (J.) Raven. (Voangindrano I).
* ''Lycopodiella cernua'' (L.) Pichi Sermolli. (Tongotsokina).
* ''Lycopodium clavatum'' Linné. (Tongotsokina) ;
* ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' Desv. -- famatotrakanga, &lt;u&gt;fandrikakanga&lt;/u&gt;, karakarantoloho, karakaratoloho, kidito
* ''Lysimachia rhumeriana'' Vatke. (Voahangindrano II).

=== M ===

* ''Macaranga cf alnifolia'' Baker (Mokanarana)
* ''Macaranga cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Fananimena)
* ''Macaranga cuspidata'' Baillon. (Aposa)
* ''Macaranga mongue'' Baillon (Mongy)
* ''Macaranga ribesioides'' Baker var. ''longifolia'' Leandri (Karambito I)
* ''Macaranga sphaerophylla'' Baker (Mongofasina)
* ''Maerua filiformis'' Drake (Somangy)
* ''Maesa trichophlebie'' Baker. (Voarafy).
* ''Malva verticillata'' Linné. (Miakany) ;
* ''Mangifera indica'' L. (Manga)
* ''Manihot utilissima'' Pohl. (Mangahazo)
* ''Marattia microcarpa'' Mett. (Tsipaho II (à grandes feuilles)).
* ''Marchantia sp.'' (Vahohotany)
* ''Mariscus sp.'' (Kirindrambohitra I)
* ''Mascarenhasia arborescens'' DC var. ''geayi'' (Costantin et Dubois) Boiteau (Kidroa)
* ''Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora'' (Bojer) ADC (Befaroraotra II)
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Takasina II) ;
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Voatotongana) ;
* ''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]'' -- niaoly
* ''Melanthera'' sp. (Karaoty soavaly) ;
* ''Melia azedarach'' Linné. (Voandelaka)
* ''Melinis minutiflora'' Palisot de Beauvois (Menakapaha)
* ''Mentha sp.'' (Solila)
* ''Mesanthemum rutenbergianum'' Kornicke (Fotsivolo)
* ''Micranthus oppositifolius'' Wendland (Sarikimalaho II)
* ''Micromeria flagellaris'' Baker (Ahibandana)
* ''Micronychia tsaratana'' (Baker) Capuron anc. Rhus (Tarentana)
* ''Mimosa latispinosa'' Lamarck. (Roikina / Roimainty III) ;
* ''Mimosa pudica'' Linné. (Ramirena) ;
* ''Mimulus madagascariensis'' Bentham. (Voanjomanga lahy) ;
* ''Mohria caffrorum'' Desvaux. (Manilahy).
* ''Mollugo nudicaulis ficoides'' Lamarck. (Aferontany).
* ''[[Momordica charantia]]'' -- mafaibe, [[Margôzy|margôza]], margôzy
* ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' -- anambo, anamorongo, ananaboringa, [[ananambo]], felikambo, felikamoranga, felinimorongovazaha, landihazo, moringa, morongo, morongy, soahazo
* ''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' DC. (Takilotra).
* ''Muhlenbeckia platyclada'' Meisner. (Tavy Hasina).
* ''Mundulea barclayi'' (Telfair) Viguier. (Fanamo I).
* ''Mundulea pauciflora'' Baker. (Ranongoaka II).
* ''Mundulea sericea'' (Will) Chevalier. (Fanamo II).
* ''Mundulea suberosa'' Bentham. (Ranongoaka I).
* ''[[Musa sapientium]]'' Linné. (Akondro).
* ''Mussaenda arcuata'' Poiret. (Tsantsambaitra / Tsikirity)
* ''Mussaenda vestita'' Baker. (Fatora)
* ''Myrica bojariana'' Baker. (Lakarano) ;
* ''Myrica rugulosa'' Baillon. (Sorabatana).
* ''Myrica spathulata'' Mirbel. (Sarindrahaika) ;
* ''Myrothamnus moschatus'' Niedenzu. (Maharaoka).
* ''Mystroxylon aethiopicum'' (Thunb.) Loesener (Fanazava II)

=== N ===

* ''Nasturtium barbareaeafolium'' Baker (Tomoa)
* ''Nasturtium officinale'' R. Br. (Anandrano)
* ''Nastus borbonicus'' J.F. Gmelin (Volo)
* ''Nauclea cuspidata'' Baker. (Voamalompangady)
* ''Nelsonia campestris'' R. Brown (Sirasirakanify)
* ''Nematostylis loranthoides'' Hook. (Maroatody)
* ''Neotina isoneura'' (Radlk) Capuron. (Ody Fo) ;
* ''[[Nepenthes madagascariensis]]'' Poir. (Berakotra).
* ''[[Nephelium let-chi]]'' Camb. (Latosy) ;
* ''Nephrolepis tuberosa'' (Bory) Prantl. (Kivainga) ;
* ''Nesogenes glandulosus'' (sp) (Scott Elliot) Wildr. (Tamboronomby) ;
* ''Neyraudia arundinacea'' (L.) Henrard (anc. ''arundo mad.'') (Fataka)
* ''Nicandra physaloides'' Gaertner. (Gaboreda)
* ''Nicholsonia barbata'' (Linné) De Candolle. (Vonjy).
* ''Nicholsonia diversifolium'' Poiret. (Vonjy lahy).
* ''Nicotiana tabacum'' Linné. (Paraky gasy)
* ''Nidorella chrysocoma'' DC (Angamay)
* ''[[Noronhia]]'' spp. -- laitra, tsilaitra
* ''Nuxia grandifolia'' Scott Elliot. (Lambinana Tambonaika) ;
* ''Nuxia oppositifolia'' (Hochst) Bentham. (Lambinana (Btl)) ;
* ''Nuxia pachyphylla'' Baker. (Hazongaga) ;
* ''Nuxia verticillata'' Lamarck. (Lambinana (Aga)) ;
* ''Nymphea stelleata'' Willd. (Tatamo).

=== O ===

* ''Ocimum canum'' Sims (Kirijana)
* ''Ocimum gratissimum'' Linné (Romban' akoho)
* ''[[Ocimum suave]]'' na ''[[Ocimum gratissimum]]'' -- rombabe, romby
* ''Oldenlandia caffra'' Eyckl et Zeyh. (→ ''[[Cordylostigma virgatum]]'') (Ahibitsika) -- kimalomata, matoakely, rongonintany, tsipipika, voandrongonitany 
* ''Oldenlandia heynii'' Oliver. (Arintany)
* ''Oliganthes pseudocentauropsis'' Humbert (Hazomboay)
* ''Oncostemon'' sp. (Hazotohodahy) ;
* ''Ophicolea floribunda'' (Bojer) Perrier (Voalava)
* ''Ophio glossum''. (Tokan-tsofina) ;
* ''Opuntia ficusindica'' Linné (Raketa)
* ''Ottelia ulvae folia'' Buch (Lopatra)
* ''Oxalis corniculata'' Linné. (Kimamy).

=== P ===

* ''Pachypodium brevicaule'' Baker (Sakarivombato)
* ''Pachytrophe dimepata'' Bureau. (Mahanoro lahy) ;
* ''Paederia argentea'' A. Richard. (Kotrokantsina)
* ''Pandanus utilis'' Bory. (Vakoana).
* ''Passiflora stipulata'' Aublet. (Giranadela) ;
* ''Paullinia pinnata'' L. (Vahy Famehivala).
* ''Pavonia bojeri'' Baker. (Hafotrakanga) ;
* ''Pavonia urens'' Linné. (Tsontsona).
* ''Pellaea goudotii'' Kuntz var. ''compacta'' Bonaparte (Ampangavy)
* ''Pellaea viridis'' (Forok) Prantl (Ampanganamalon'a)
* ''Pentanisia veronicoides'' Baker. (Voalobotany)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Tandrokosy II)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Vahitandrokosy)
* ''Peperomia baronii'' Baker. (Toareny) ;
* ''Peperomia'' sp. (Toareny vavy) ;
* ''Persea gratissima'' Gaert. (Zavoka).
* ''Peucedanum capense'' Sonder. (Fanivapotsy) ;
* ''Phaseolus'' sp. (Vahinondry).
* ''Phellolophium madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tsileondroaho) ;
* ''Philippia sp.'' (Anjavidy lahy, Kiringy, Kisia)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Soy Will var. ''madagascariensis'' Leandri (Repika)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Willd et decipiens (Baillon) Muller d'Argovie (Hazotanalahy)
* ''Phyllanthus cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Haga)
* ''Phyllanthus nummulariaefolius'' Poiret (Rimorimo)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Antilafoetra)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Hazotana)
* ''Phyllarton bojerianum'' DC (Zahana)
* ''Phymatodes scolopendria'' (Burm) Ching. (Tsiampanga).
* ''Physalis alkekengii''. (Kelimatoa)
* ''Physalis peruviana'' Linné. (Voanantsindrana)
* ''Physena madagascariensis'' Noronba ex Thouars (Resonjo)
* ''Phytolacca abyssinica'' Jacquin. (Vahivoraka).
* ''Phytolacca dodecandra'' l'Heritier. (Tambonoa II) ;
* ''Phytolacca goudotii'' Briq. (Mandemoka) ;
* ''Pigeum africanum'' Hooker fils. (Sary) ;
* ''Pimpinella ebracteata'' Baker. (Aferontanimbohitra) ;
* ''Piper cubeba'' Linné. (Betel marron) ;
* ''Piper nigrum'' Linné. (Poivre) ;
* ''Piper pyrifolium'' Vahl. (Tsiperifery) ;
* ''Piper subpeltatum'' Willd. (Voanotonotra).
* ''Pistia stratiotes'' Linné (Azafy)
* ''Pithecellobium dulce'' Bentham. (Kilimbazaha) ;
* ''Plantago tanalensis'' Baker. (Azafimbohitra).
* ''Plectaneia elastica'' Jumelle et Perrier (Vahitsipilo)
* ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' --
* ''Plectranthus hoslundioides'' Scott Elliot (Felantanitely)
* ''Plectranthus madagascariensis'' Benth (Farimaso)
* ''Plectronia'' sp. (Tomenjana)
* ''Plumeria alba'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Plumeria'' ''rosea'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Poivrea coccinea'' DC (Halaitra)
* ''Poivrea phaneropetala'' H. Perrier (Tamenaka)
* ''Polycline proteiformis'' H. Humbert (Jiramainty)
* ''Polygonum lanigerum'' R. Br. (Tambonoa) ;
* ''Polygonum senegalense'' Meisner. (Arivotaombelona) ;
* ''Polyscias sp.'' (Hazotsora, Tsingatry)
* ''Polystachia'' sp. (Valily lahy) ;
* ''Portulaca oleracea'' L. (Kalabotretraka).
* ''Potamogeton javanicus'' Hasskarl. (Somotra Hakàka).
* ''Pothos chapelieri'' Scot (Ramatsatso I)
* ''[[Prunus africana]]'' na ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' -- paisoala, saripaiso
* ''[[Psiadia altissima]]'' -- dingadinga, dingadingambazaha, dingadingana, dingandingana, mantavazana, rinarina, voaramonina
* ''Psidium cattleyanum'' Sabine. (Goavy tsinahy) ;
* ''[[Psidium guajava]]'' -- angavo, gavo, gavy, goava, goavy
* ''Psidium pomiferum'' Linné. (Goavy fotsy) ;
* ''Psindia angustifolia'' H. Humbert (Dingandahy)
* ''Psindia salviaefolia'' Baker (Kimalahogasy)
* ''Psorospermum androsaemifolium'' Baker (Tsifady II)
* ''Psorospermum cerasifolium'' Baker (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Psorospermum Fanerana'' Baker (Tsifady I)
* ''Psorospermum sp.'' (Tsifady lahy)
* ''Psychotria'' sp. (Voamasondrainibe)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Aniandro)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Parakinjirika)
* ''Punica granatum'' Linné. (Ampongambendanitra)
* ''Pycnoneurum junciforme'' Decaisne (Fokotohata)
* ''Pycreus mundtii'' Nees. (Ahibita)
* ''Pycreus polystachyus'' P. Beauvais
* ''Pycreus sp.'' (Lohakoho)
* ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' (= ''[[Prunus africana]]'')
* &lt;u&gt;''Pyracantha'' sp. ou ''Crataegus'' sp. (petites mandarines);&lt;/u&gt;

=== Q ===

=== R ===

* ''Radamaea montana'' Benth. (Tambarasaha) ;
* ''Ranunculus pinnatus'' Poiret. (Afontany) ;
* ''[[Ravensara aromatica]]'' -- avozo, havozomangidy, havozomanitra, hazomanga, hazomangalahy, hazomanitra, laposinty, ravintsara, tavolomanitra, voaravintsara
* ''[[Ravensara ovalifolia]]'' Danguy. (Molaliambo) ;
* ''Reissantia angustipetala'' (H. Perrier) N. Hallé (Anc. ''Hippocratea'') (Fanolehana I)
* ''Rhodocodon madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tongolontotozy) ;
* ''Rhodosepala pauciflora'' Baker. (Tamborokisoa) ;
* ''[[Kinana|Ricinus communis]]'' Linné -- kinana, kinanamena (, Mangarahana)
* ''Rubus apetalus'' Poiret. (Roifotsy) ;
* ''Rubus pauciflorus'' Baker. (Roimainty II) ;
* ''Rubus rosaefolius'' (Linné) Baker. (Voaroitsaka).
* ''Rumex bequaertii'' de Wildemann. (Bolela) ; 

=== S ===

* ''Sabaea brachyphylla'' Grisebach (Tsakomanta lahy)
* ''Sabicea diversifolia'' Persoon. (Sefa)
* ''Salix madagascariensis'' Baker. (Siho).
* ''Salvadora angustifolia'' Turill. (Sasavy).
* ''[[Salvia coccinea]]'' Linné (Romba madinika)
* ''Salvia cryptoclada'' Baker (Kanda II)
* ''Sarcobotrya stringosa'' (Benth) R. Viguier. (Voavoananakova).
* ''Satyrium'' sp. et ''Cynorchis'' sp. (Voatadidy).
* ''Schefflera bojeri'' (Seeman) Viguier (Alomanaka)
* ''Schefflera helleana'' Bernadi (Tsingila)
* ''Schefflera longepedicellata'' (Lecomte) Bernadi (Felatanamanahary)
* ''Scleria griegifolia'' (Riedley) Raynal (Kirindrambohitra, Kirindrandrano, Ravindahasa)
* ''Sclerocarya caffra'' Sond (Sakoa)
* ''Scoparia dulcis'' L. (Fafatsambo / Tsiijaia) ;
* ''Secamone glaberrima'' (K. Sch) Choux (Vahimena)
* ''Secamone tenuifolia'' (Kindrono, Sanatry)
* ''Selaginella fissidentoides''. (Tanantrandraka II).
* ''Selago muralis'' Linné. (Manahahàha) ;
* ''Senebiera didyma'' Pers. (Tsingita)
* ''Senecio ambositrensis'' Humbert (Hanindraisoanampondra)
* ''Senecio canaliculatus'' Bojer ex DC (Kelimavítrika)
* ''Senecio cochlearifolius'' Bojer ex DC (Anjevy)
* ''Senecio decaryi'' Humbert (Rambontsoavaly II)
* ''Senecio faujasioides'' Linné (Kimamboiboy)
* ''Senecio hildebrandtii'' Baker (Rambontsoavaly I)
* ''Senecio longiscapus'' Bojer ex DC (Menavitrana)
* ''Senecio multibracreatus'' Bak (Angeambohitra)
* ''Senecio resectus'' Bojer ex DC (Ahipanala)
* ''Senecio vittarifolius'' Bojer in DC (Anantsongontany)
* ''Senna fistula'' (= ''Cassia fistula'')
* ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' (← ''Cassia occidentalis'') ''--'' saringoazy, tsatsinangatra, tsirokinangatra, tsirorokanangatra, tsorokanangatra, tsororangatra, tsotsorinangatra, vantsiraokonangatra, voanembanalika, voanembanamboa, voanjary, voantsiraokonangatra, voantsirokinimaro, voantsiroko, voantsorokanangatra, voatsokonangatra, vonjara
* ''Sepramacoce ocymoides'' Burman. (Ambotona)
* ''Sesamum indicum'' DC. (Voanaho).
* ''Sesbania punctata'' DC. (Katsakatsaka).
* ''Sida parvifolia'' DC. (Mandravasarotra vavy) ;
* ''Sida urens'' Linné. (Satrikoefamaratra / Sindahoro) ;
* ''Siegesbeckia abyssinica'' Olivier (Kiravita)
* ''[[Siegesbeckia orientalis]]'' Linné -- &lt;u&gt;ditinangatra&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Fanisindoloratsy&lt;/u&gt;, mandalodiaraikitra, satrikoazamaratra, satrikoefamaratra, tsivadihana
* ''Smilax kraussiana'' Meiss. (Fandrikibodisy).
* ''Smithia chamaechrista'' Benth. (Fanivamena).
* ''[[Solanum aethiopicum]]'' --
* ''Solanum auricula tum'' Ait. (Sevabe)
* ''Solanum erythracantum'' Baker. (Sakaifantsinakohoy)
* ''Solanum indicum'' Linné. (Voampoana / Voanatindrana)
* ''Solanum nigrum'' Linné. (Anamafaika / Anamamy)
* ''Solanum nodiflorum'' jacquin. (Anamamy)
* ''Solanum'' sp. (Voanjomora)
* ''Sonchus oleraceus'' L. (Anamboraka)
* ''Sparmannia discolor'' Baker. (Fantsimbala III) ;
* ''Sphenomeris chusanae''. (Kondrehitra) ;
* ''Spilanthes oleracea'' Jacq (Anamalao)
* ''Sporobolus africanus'' (Poiret) Robyns et Tournay (Fandrotrarana)
* ''Stachys sp.'' (Gaga)
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' L. Vahl. (Ananomby) ;
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' Vahl. (Tsipotina) ;
* ''Stenocline inuloides'' DC (Tsitakombohitra)
* ''Stenotaphrum dimidiatum'' Brong. (Ahipisaka)
* ''Sticherus flagellaris'' St John. (Ringotra)
* ''Strongylodon'' sp. (Vahitsaramaso).
* ''Strychnos diploricha'' Leeuwenberg. (Betady) ;
* ''Symphonia sp.'' (Somoronamboa)

=== T ===

* ''[[Tacca leontopetaloides]]'' -- maronkony
* ''Tacca pinnatifida'' Forst. (Tavolo).
* ''Tachiadenus carinatus'' Grisebach (Felamanga)
* ''Tachiadenus longiflorus'' Grisebach (Malanilava)
* ''Tagetes erecta'' Linné (Kiranjany)
* ''Tamarindus indica'' Linné (Kily)
* ''Tambourissa parvifolia'' Baker. (Ambora lahy) ;
* ''Tambourissa purpurea'' ADC. (Amboramavo vavy).
* ''Taraxacum officinale'' Web (Ananangisa)
* ''Tephrosia humberti'' N. Dumaz. (Voatelinondry vavy).
* ''Tephrosia linearis'' Pers. (Manaribe).
* ''Tephrosia lyallii'' Baker. (Fokongaga).
* ''Tephrosia retamoides'' Solederer. (Kifafalahy).
* ''Terminalia mantaly'' H. Perr (Mantaly)
* ''Tetracera rutenbergii'' Buch. (Vahy marâna)
* ''Tetradenia fruticosa'' Benth (Bororona)
* ''Tetradenia hildebrandtii'' Briquet (Bororona manala ratsy)
* ''Thunbergia leucorhiza'' R. Benoist (Vahimavana)
* ''Thunbergia platyphylla'' Baker (Voakerépoka, Voanjomanga an-tanety)
* ''[[Toddalia asiatica]]'' Lamarck. (Kasimba) ;
* ''Toneria pedunculari-formis'' Bonati. (Kimataho Lahy) ;
* ''Torenia parviflora'' Buch. Hamilt. (Ananotsy) ;
* ''Torenia stolonifera'' Bojer. (Tsakomanta) ;
* ''Tragia furialis'' Bojer (Takilo-dambo)
* ''Trema commersonii'' Blume (Vakoka)
* ''[[Trema orientalis]]'' Blume''.'' ''--'' andraraizina, andrareza, andrarezina, angesoba, angezoka, hazongazona, ilaibaratra, selivaratsy, tsivakimbaratra, &lt;u&gt;vakoka&lt;/u&gt;
* ''[[Tridax procumbens]]'' L. (Angea)
* ''Tristemma virusanum'' Jussieu. (Voatrotrokala).
* ''Triumphetta rhomboidea''. (Hafotsokina II) ;
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara)
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara) ;
* ''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' Linné. (Kivondrona).
* ''Typhonodorum lildleyanum'' Schott (Viha)

=== U ===

* ''[[Uapaca bojeri]]'' Baillon --  hazondandy, &lt;u&gt;tapia&lt;/u&gt;, voampaka, voatapia
* ''Urera acuminata'' Gaudichaud. (Miandambo).
* ''Usnea'' sp. (Lomotra hazo).
* ''Uvaria acuminata'' var. ''catocarpa''  (Diles) Cavaco (Senaseria)

=== V ===

* ''Vaccinium secundiflorum'' Hook. (Voamantsitainakohoy) ;
* ''Variété de Citrus aurantium'' Linné. (Voatolongo).
* ''Variété du précédent, ou espèce difforme''. (Voatsikatajaza).
* ''Vaucheria sesselis'' DC (Lomo-drano)
* ''Vepris fitoravina'' H. Perr. (Ampody fitoravina) ;
* ''Vepris nitida'' Verdoorn. (Ampody vato) ;
* ''Vernonia alleizettes'' Humbert (Ambiaty lahy)
* ''[[Vernonia appendiculata]]'' Less (→ ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'') -- &lt;u&gt;ambiaty&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Vernonia capitata'' Baker (Kijelajahy)
* ''Vernonia cinerea'' Less (Ramiary I)
* ''Vernonia diversifolia'' Bojer ex DC (Tsiatosika)
* ''Vernonia erythromarula'' Klatt (Lahimena II)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Hazomavo)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Pela Lahy)
* ''Vernonia glutinosa'' DC (Kanda)
* ''Vernonia nudicaulis'' Lers (Lahimena I)
* ''Vernonia pectoralis'' Baker (Sakatavilotra)
* ''Vernonia polygalaefolia'' Lessing (Ramanjoko)
* ''Vernonia pratensis'' Klatt (Anambohitra I)
* ''Vernonia secundifolia'' var. ''dolicholepis'' Humbert (Masimposaina)
* ''Vernonia sp.'' (Renionmby)
* ''Vernonia trinervis'' (Bojer ex DC) Drake (Anambohitra II)
* ''Vigna angivensis'' Baker. (Avoko).
* ''Vigna capensis'' Walpig. (Masontantely).
* ''Vitex betsiliensis'' Humbert. (Sevambato) ;
* ''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]'' -- akanga, akangahazo, akangarano, akangatsimangolonanaka, folitra, haboka, kabodrano, kaboka, kabokankoraka, kaboke, kanga, kangarano, kapoka, koraka, montafara, montaka, voakanga, voakangarano

=== W ===

* ''Wahlenbergia bojeri'' ADC (Anantahalaka II lahy)
* ''Walhenbergia madagascariensis'' ADC (Sofintotozy)
* ''Wedelia elongata'' Vatke (Kijitina)
* ''Weinmannia bojeriana'' Tulasne (Sokia)
* ''Weinmannia lucens'' Baker (Lalona)
* ''[[Woodfordia floribunda]]'' L. Kurtz. ''--''  arify, lambohenjana
* ''Woodfordia fructicosa'' (L) S. Kurtz. (Lambohenjana).

=== X ===

* ''[[Xerochlamys pilosa]]'' Baker (Laro)
* ''[[Xyris semifuscata]]'' Bojer. (Sorobatritra).

=== Y ===

=== Z ===

* ''[[Zanthoxylum decaryi]]'' -- manago, manongo, manongovola
* ''[[Zanthoxylum madagascariense]]'' Baker. -- &lt;u&gt;fahavalonkazo&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;hazomiarotena&lt;/u&gt;, manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum mananarense]]'' -- vohantsilana
* ''[[Zanthoxylum thouvenotii]]'' -- tsihanimpotsy, tsihanimpoza, tsilompoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa]]'' -- manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zehneria perrieri]]'' (Baker) Keraudren (voantangonala)
* ''[[Zehneria rutenbergiana]]'' (Cogniaux) Keraudren (voantangondolo)
* ''[[Sakamalao|Zingiber officinale]] -''- &lt;u&gt;sakamalao&lt;/u&gt;, sakaviro, sakarivo
* ''[[Zingiber zerumbet]]'' L. (sakarivondambo)
* ''[[Ziziphus jujuba]]'' Lamarck. (mokonazy).
* ''[[Zornia diphylla]]'' Pers''.'' (famahipaihana).

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Zavamaniry eto Madagasikara]]
* [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody]]
* [[Tambavy]]

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>l0cdvh902cq0up8cfdaxrybiy6lxv24</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137612</id>
      <parentid>1137588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:41:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50291" sha1="4pd7mjlmf3ed8liyk8k8qeld37fe4jg" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Catharanthus roseus24 08 2012 (2).JPG|vignette|364x364px|Tonga na vonenina (''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'')]]
Ny '''zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara''', izay misy karazana miisa 3&amp;nbsp;245, dia ampahany amin' ny karazan-javamaniry misy eto amin' ny [[Madagasikara|Nosy]], ka ny 60&amp;nbsp;% amin' izy ireo dia tsy hita raha tsy eto&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1591#:~:text=Results:%20The%20medicinal%20plants%20inventoried,most%20morbid%20ones%20in%20Madagascar. Synthesis and analysis of data on inventories of medicinal plants in Madagascar]&quot;, ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Andrianavalonirina A.M. et al, &quot;Etude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales du district d’Antanifotsy, région de Vakinankaratra au Madagascar&quot;, ''RAMReS-PMTA'',  2023.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Anisan' ny fantatra indrindra ny vonenina na tonga (''[[Catharanthus roseus]]''), ny vahona (''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' sy ''[[Aloe vera]]'' indrindraindrindra), ny ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' na ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]''), ny mandravasarotra (''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]''), ny niaoly (''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]''), ny havozomangidy (''[[Ravensara aromatica]]''), ny katrafay (''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]''), ary ny talapetraka (''[[Centella asiatica]]'').

== Lisitra ==
[[Sary:Camphora officinarum in Palm House Schoenbrunn (3).jpg|vignette|262x262px|Ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'')]]
Inty ny lisitry ny anarana ara-tsiansan' ny karazan-javamaniry fanao fanafody maniry eto [[Madagasikara]], arakarahin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]]. Marihina fa misy ny anarana iray amin' ny teny malagasy izay mety hanondro karazan-javamaniry roa na mihoatra. Amin' ireo anarana ara-tsiansa ireo dia misy ny efa nosoloana vokatry ny fikarohana taty aoriana nataon' ny manampahaizana.

=== A ===

* ''[[Abelmoschus esculentus]] --'' gombo, tambazotse, tsirandranjaza
* ''[[Abelmoschus manihot]]''
* ''[[Abrus precatorius]]'' Linné. (mila fitandremana fa mety manapoizina) ''--'' kelimiefitra, masokoaky, masonamboangara, masonamboatora, masonombilahy, vahemboamena, &lt;u&gt;vahimboamena&lt;/u&gt;, voamahatorana, voamaintilany, voamaintorana, voamantorana, voamasotrandraka, voamatorana, voamboanamainty, voamboanamena, voamena.
* ''[[Abutilon indicum]] --'' 
* ''[[Acacia decurrens]]''. (Mimosa)
* ''[[Acacia farnesiana]]'' DC. (Famahatra) ;
* ''[[Acacia morodavensis]]'' Viguier. (Robontsy)
* ''[[Acalypha indica]]''
* ''[[Acalypha radula]]'' Baker (Tsiety)
* ''[[Acalypha reticulata]]'' (Poiret) (Fanavy/ Tsimbaleotra) -- bemangitra, marompototra, &lt;u&gt;tsimbaleotra&lt;/u&gt;, vahizato
* ''[[Acalypha]] sp.'' (Vahindranavavy II)
* ''[[Acanthopale madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' D.C (Bakakely) -- bakakely, fatika
* ''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
* ''[[Achyranthes aspera]]'' -- fandrangojaza, tsipolitra, tsipolomanitra, tsiporomanitra, tsipotamena, tsipotemena, vatofosa, vatomposa
* ''Acmella oleracea'' (sady anana)
* ''Acridocarpus excelsus'' -- kimanga
* ''[[Adansonia digitata]] --'' baobaba, baobaza, baovola, bontona, boringy, fontana, rainiala, ringy, sefo, vonoa, vontana na vontona.
* ''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'' -- renala, reniala, renibeala na vonoa.
* ''[[Adenanthera pavonina]] --'' volantsaramanga
* ''Adenia boinensis'' Per de la Bathie. (Vahiranga).
* ''[[Adenia gummifera]]''
* ''[[Adenium obesum]]''
* ''[[Adhatoda vasica]]'' (→ ''[[Justicia adhatoda]]'')
* ''[[Adiantum caudatum]]''
* ''[[Adiantum philippense]]''
* ''Aerva lanata'' (L.) Juss (Anantarikómby)
* ''Aeschynomene brevifolia'' Poiret. (Sindahonimbohitra).
* ''Aeschynomene uniflora'' E. Meyer. (Sindahorindrano).
* ''[[Lingoza|Aframomum angustifolium]]''  K. Schum. -- &lt;u&gt;longoza&lt;/u&gt;
* [[Aframomum melegueta|A''framomum melegueta'']]
* ''[[Afzelia bijuga]]''
* ''Agauria salicifolia'' et ''plpyphylla'' Hook (Angavodiana)
* ''[[Agave sisalana]]''
* ''Agelaea pentagyna'' (Lamk) Baillon (Vahy mainty)
* ''[[Ageratum conyzoides]]'' Linné -- ahimaimbo, ahimembo, alonimpantsaka, anajazavavy, andranompatsaka, bemaimbo, fotsivony, &lt;u&gt;hanitrimpantsaka&lt;/u&gt;, hanitrombalahy, timimbo, tinimbo, tsiafakanakandriana, tsiafakanandriana, tsifariparimaso
* ''[[Aidia densiflora]]''
* ''[[Aidia micrantha]]''
* ''[[Alangium salviifolium]]''
* ''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''
* ''Albizia aurisparsa'' Drake. (Masinanio)
* ''[[Albizia lebbeck]]'' -- bonara
* ''Albizia saman'' (→ ''[[Samanea saman]]'')
* ''Albizzia fastigiata'' Oliver. (Sambalahy) ;
* ''[[Albuca humilis]]''
* ''Alchemilla cryptantha'' Steudel. (Mahatanandofotsy I) ;
* ''[[Aleurites moluccanus]]'' -- mofotra, savoga, savokara, tanantanana ary tanatanana
* ''[[Allamanda cathartica]]''
* ''[[Allium cepa]]''
* ''[[Tongologasy|Allium sativum]]'' ''--'' tongologasy, tongolay, tongolonkova
* ''[[Allophylus africanus]]''
* ''Allophylus trichodesmus'' Radlkofer. (Sanatrinamboa) ;
* ''[[Aloe capitata]]''
* ''Aloe capitata'' Baker var. ''cipolicola'' H. Perr. (Vahon’olona).
* ''[[Aloe divaricata]]'' -- vahonandrano
* ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' Baker. -- kisaondra, lahimbahona, vahombe, &lt;u&gt;vahona&lt;/u&gt;, vahonavahona
* ''[[Aloe vaombe]]'' -- vahombe, vahombey
* ''[[Alovera|Aloe vera]]'' -- vahona
* ''[[Alphonsea madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Alpinia galanga]]''
* ''[[Alpinia zerumbet]]''
* ''[[Alstonia boonei]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera pungens]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera sessilis]]''
* ''Alysicarpus bupleurifolius'' ADC. (Foko lahy).
* ''Alysicarpus nummularifolius'' ADC. (Mangorodefona, Vavonikena).
* ''[[Alysicarpus ovalifolius]]''
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Foko vavy).
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Tokambody).
* ''[[Alysicarpus vaginalis]]''
* ''[[Amanita tainaomby]]'' R. Heim (Ola Tain'Omby)
* ''Amaranthus dubius'' Martius (Kiatondrambohira)
* ''Amaranthus hybridus'' Linné (Anamena)
* ''[[Amaranthus spinosus]] --'' anampantsy, anampatsa, añampatsy, anapatsalahy, dasy, felipatika, kimoaelahy, kimoaevavy, kimoelahy, sabotraboay
* ''[[Amaranthus viridis]]''
* ''[[Ambavia gerrardii]]''
* ''[[Ambrosia artemisiifolia]]''
* ''Ambrosia maritima'' DC (Damsissa)
* ''[[Ammi majus]]''
* ''[[Ammi visnaga]]''
* ''Amygadalus persica'' Linné. (Paiso) ;
* ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]''
* ''[[Anacolosa pervilleana]]''
* ''Anagallis tenuicaulis'' Baker. (Tsangamanitramparihy) ;
* ''[[Mananasy|Ananas comosus]]'' Merrill -- fandra, &lt;u&gt;mananasy&lt;/u&gt;, satra.
* ''Andasonia sp.'' (Za)
* ''[[Andrographis paniculata]]''
* ''[[Andropogon gayanus]]''
* ''Andropogon schoenanthus'' Linné (Veromanitra)
* ''[[Androya decaryi]]''
* ''[[Angraecum sesquipedale]]''
* ''Angraecum'' sp. (Valily vavy) ;
* ''[[Anisopappus chinensis]]''
* ''[[Anisotes madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Annona muricata]]''
* ''[[Annona squamosa]]''
* ''Anthemis nobilis'' Linné (Camomille)
* ''Antherotoma naudini'' Hooker fils. (Kimamimamitamabina) ;
* ''Anthocleista rhizophoroides'' Baker. (Ndanidemy)
* ''Anthospermum antsirabense'' A.M. Homolle. (Ahipoza)
* ''Anthospermum eminense'' Baker. (Alamiainga)
* ''[[Antidesma madagascariense]]'' -- baronala, taindalitra, varana, varona
* ''Antidesma petiolare'' Tulas. (Voavony)
* ''Aphloia theaeformis'' Bennet (Voafotsy)
* ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' ''--'' voafotsy, fandramanana, hazondrano, kirandrambahivary, kirandrambehivavy, kirandrambiavy, maramanana, miaramanana
* ''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''
* ''[[Aponogeton madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]'' Linné. (Voanjo).
* ''Ardisia fuscopilosa'' Baker. (Hazotohobavy) ;
* ''[[Argemone mexicana]]'' -- fantsimboay, betakoa
* ''Aristolochia acuminata'' Lamarck (Sovy)
* ''[[Aristolochia albida]]''
* ''[[Aristolochia petersiana]]''
* ''[[Artabotrys hexapetalus]]''
* ''[[Artemisia afra]]''
* ''[[Artemisia annua]]'' --
* ''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''
* ''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' -- ampalibe
* ''Asclepia curassavica'' Linné (Fanoromena II)
* ''[[Asparagus africanus]]''
* ''Asparagus simulans'' Baker. (Ahitsifantatra) ;
* ''Asparagus vaginellatus'' Bojer. (Roimboalavo) ;
* ''[[Aspilia africana]]''
* ''Aspilia bojeri'' DC (Ampalimbohitra)
* ''Asplenium'' (Sensu stricto) (Tsipalo)
* ''[[Aster bakerianus]]''
* ''[[Aster perrieri]]''
* ''[[Asystasia gangetica]]''
* ''Athania brownii'' Hochr (Ramiary II, Ramizengy)
* ''Athrixia debilis'' DC (Anjavidy lahy)
* ''[[Athyrium filix-femina]]''
* ''[[Averrhoa carambola]]''
* ''[[Avicennia marina]]''
* ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' -- nimo

=== B ===

* ''Bacopa monnieri''
* ''Bakarella baronii'' baker. (Tongoalahy).
* ''Balanites madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa vulgaris''
* ''Baphia madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria lupulina''
* ''Barleria madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria prionitis'' L. (Rointsokina II)
* ''Barringtonia asiatica''
* ''Barringtonia madagascariensis''
* ''Barringtonia racemosa''
* ''Basella alba''
* ''Baudouinia fluggeiformis''
* ''Baudouinia rouxevillei''
* ''Bauhinia grandidieri''
* ''Bauhinia hildebrandtii''
* ''Bauhinia madagascariensis''
* ''Bauhinia monandra''
* ''Bauhinia purpurea''
* ''Bauhinia variegata''
* ''Begonia lyallii''
* ''Begonia madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera pervilleana''
* ''Bidens pilosa'' Linné (Tsipolitra)
* ''Biophytum sensitivum'' (Linné) DC. (Kifohafoha) ;
* ''Bixa orellana''
* ''Blechnum tabulare'' (Thunberg Kuhn) (Tsipahonamalon'a)
* ''Blepharis bojeriana''
* ''Blumea balsamifera''
* ''Blumea lacera''
* ''Blumea madagascariensis''
* ''Blumea mollis''
* ''Boerhavia coccinea''
* ''Boerhavia diffusa''
* ''Boerhavia repens''
* ''Bolbitis madagascariensis''
* ''Bonamia madagascariensis''
* ''Borassus madagascariensis''
* ''Borreria verticillata''
* ''Boscia madagascariensis''
* ''Boswellia madagascariensis''
* ''Brachylaena merana''
* ''Brachylaena microphylla'' Humbert (Peha)
* ''[[Brachylaena ramiflora]]'' (DC) H. Humbert ''--'' &lt;u&gt;hazotokana&lt;/u&gt;, kisaka, mananitra, mananotra, mananotsa, sotromorona
* ''Breonadia salicina'' (← ''Adina microcephala'')
* ''Brewiera sp.'' (Ovinandrongo)
* B''rexia madagascariensis''
* ''Brexia pluriflora''
* ''Bridelia madagascariensis''
* ''Bridelia micrantha''
* ''Bridelia pervilleana''
* ''Bridelia tulasneana''
* ''Brillantaisia madagascariensis''
* ''Brochoneura voury'' Warburg. (Raraha).
* ''Bryophyllum daigremontianum'' (= ''Kalanchoe daigremontiana'')
* ''Bryophyllum delagoense'' (= ''Kalanchoe delagoensis'')
* ''Bryophyllum pinnatum'' (= ''Kalanchoe pinnata'')
* ''Buchnera hispida'' Hamilt. (Tamborokijoa) ;
* ''Buchnera madagascariensis''
* ''Buddleja axillaris'' Willd ex Roemer et Schultes. (Seva Fotsy)
* ''Buddleja fusca'' Baker. (Seva Lahy)
* ''Buddleja indica''
* ''Buddleja madagascariensis''
* ''Bulbophyllum madagascariense''
* ''Bulbostylis madagascariensis''
* ''Burasaia madagascariensis''
* ''Burasia gracilis'' Decaisne. (Kotolahy) ;
* ''Burasia madagascariensis'' Duperit Thouars. (Ody Tohina) ;
* ''Burmannia madagascariensis''
* ''Bursera madagascariensis''
* ''Buxus madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria melleri'' Baker var. triloba J. Ar. (Fanary) ;
* ''Byttneria pervillei''

=== C ===

* ''Cabucala crassifolia'' Pichon (Hazotandroka)
* ''Cabucala oblonga-ovata'' Markgraff (Hentona)
* ''[[Caesalpinia bonduc]]'' L. -- fananomahery, katra, tsiafakomby, &lt;u&gt;tsirifota&lt;/u&gt;, vatolalaka
* ''Caesalpinia bonducella'' (Roxb) Fleming (Vatolalaka)
* ''[[Caesalpinia pulcherrima]] --''
* ''Caesalpinia sepiaria'' Roxb (Tsiafakomby)
* ''[[Amberivatry|Cajanus cajan]]'' ''--'' ambarivatry, ambatry, amberivatry, ambiatrimbohitra, ambiatry, antsotry, asotrilahy, bokana, hazondandy, kiambatrimbohitsa, kivanja
* ''Cajanus indicus'' Spreng. (Ambiatry).
* ''Calantica cerasifolia'' Tul. (Hazoambo)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I) ;
* ''Callisternum'' sp. (Niaouli) ;
* ''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]'' Linné -- anganaro, foraha, forahabe, itakamaka, mafotra, takamaka, timbarika, tsindelo, &lt;u&gt;vintanina&lt;/u&gt;, vintaninaberavina, 24 voakoly, voakotry, voalavenona
* ''[[Calophyllum madagascariensis]]''
* ''Calophyllum parviflorum'' Baker (Vintanina)
* ''Calopyxis bernieriana'' (Tulasne) Perrier de la Bathie (Voatamenaka)
* ''[[Calotropis gigantea]]''
* ''[[Cananga odorata]]'' -- ilañilañy
* ''[[Canarium boivinii]]'' -- aramy, haramy, ramifotsy, ramimainty, ramimena, ramy, tambazotse
* ''[[Canarium madagascariense]]'' (←''Canarium madagascariensis'') ''--'' aramy, haramy, &lt;u&gt;ramy&lt;/u&gt; ary tambazotse
* ''Cannabis indica'' Linné (Rongony)
* ''Canthium baxifolium'' (Baker) Cavaco. (Fantsikahitra)
* ''Canthium erythroxyloides'' Baillon. (Ananamboa)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Farimay)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Voanananapaha lahy / vavy)
* ''Caperonia sp.'' (Vahindambo)
* ''[[Capsicum frutescens]]''
* ''Capsium annuum'' Linné. (Sakaipilo)
* ''Cardiospermum halicacabum'' L. Boj. (Vahifamakientana II) ;
* ''[[Papay|Carica papaya]]'' L. ''--'' papay, &lt;u&gt;voampaza lahy&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Carissa edulis'' Vahl var. ''subtrinervia'' (Fantsimbala)
* ''Casearia nigrescens'' Tul. var. ''lucida'' (Hazonakoholahy)
* ''Cassia alata'' Linné (→ ''[[Senna alata]]'') -- anjananjana
* ''Cassia laevigata'' Willd (Taikakoho)
* ''Cassia mimosoides'' Linné (Masina anio, Mendoravina)
* ''[[Cassia occidentalis]]'' Sond (= ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'') (Tsotsoranagatra)
* ''Cassinopsis madagascariensis'' H. Bn. (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Cassytha filiformis'' Linné. (Tsihiatofotra) ;
* ''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'' -- arivotambelona, befela, felabaratra, felatanamamba, heladolo, rivotambelona, salotsa, sarita, tonga, tongatse, trongatse, tsimatiririnina, tsingevika, vonenina
* ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' sy ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' ''coriaceus'' (Bak) Pichon (Felanjirika)
* ''Caucalis melanatha'' (Hoschter) Benth et Hook fils. (Tongotrandraka) ;
* ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' Baillon. -- katafa, katrafaina, &lt;u&gt;katrafay&lt;/u&gt;, katsafa, mampandry, mantora
* ''[[Ceiba pentandra]]'' -- hazomorengy, kaboaka, kapoaka, kapôka, landahazobe, landihazobe, laoaty, moraingy, pamba, pemba, pembabe
* ''Celosia trigyna'' L. (Velomitsotsorika)
* ''Centella asiatica'' (L.) Urban, forma abreviata. (Talapetraka) ;
* ''[[Centella asiatica]]'' -- anamanitra, anampetraka, anantahalaka, anantalapetraka, kiladitahalaka, korokorona, loviantsahonantanety, raivolesoka, silabola, talapetraka, viliantsahonantanety
* ''Cephalanthus spathelliformis'' Baker. (Sidindranto)
* ''Cerastinum africanum'' Oliv (Tsivahadrenikely)
* ''Cerasus padus'' DC. (Paiso voaloboka) ;
* ''Cereus sp.'' (Raketa)
* ''Chapeliera madagascariensis'' AR. RH. (Ravimbolo)
* ''[[Chassalia bojeri]]''
* ''[[Chassalia princei]]''
* ''[[Chenopodium ambrosioides]]'' Linné -- akatasavola, akatasoavaly, bemaimbo, &lt;u&gt;taimborontsiloza&lt;/u&gt;, tainivorontsiloza, tetrolokoloko, tetrolokolona
* ''Chenopodium bonum henricum'' Linné (Takasimboloina)
* ''Chenopodium murale'' Linné (Anambodihena)
* ''Chlerodendron heretophyllum'' R. Br. (Fantsinakohoy) ;
* ''[[Chromolaena odorata]]''
* ''Chrysanthellum indicum'' Linné (Trakambazimba)
* ''Cineraria anampoza'' Baker (Anampoza)
* ''Cinnamomosma fragrans'' Baillon (Mandravasarotra II)
* ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]'' Linné. ''--'' &lt;u&gt;ravintsara&lt;/u&gt;, ravitsara
* ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamomum zeylanicum]]'' Breyn. -- andrembavinaveotra, hazokanelina, hazomanitra, kanelina, ravintsara
* ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' -- fanalamangidy, [[mandravasarotra]], molotrobeantiniaina, motrebetinainy, motrobeantinena, saro
* ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamosma madagascariensis]]'' -- sakaihazo, sakarivohazo, vahabahatra
* ''Cissampelos pareira'' Linné. (Vahivoriavina)
* ''Cissampelos perrieri'' Diels. (Vahimavo)
* ''Cissampelos'' sp. (Ramilelatra)
* ''[[Cissus quadrangularis]]''
* ''[[Citrus aurantiifolia]]'' Swing. -- (Voasary makirana)angy, besenta, hangy
* ''[[Citrus hystrix]] -''- voangabe, voangibe
* ''[[Citrus limon]]'' -- voasarimakirana
* ''Citrus'' sp. (Voasary mandina)
* ''Claoxylon bakerianum'' Baillon (Sitrakafavoa)
* ''[[Cleistanthus boivinianus]] --'' tanatanampotsy
* ''[[Cleistanthus madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Cleistopholis madagascariensis]]''
* ''Clematis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Farimaty)
* ''Clematis trifida'' Hook. (Fotsivolomanoka)
* ''[[Cleome gynandra]]''
* ''Clerodendron hircinum'' Schauer var. dentatum Moldenke. (Vanginamboa) 
* ''Clerodendron putre'' Sch. (Tsantsambaitra IV)
* ''Clerodendron pyrifolium'' J.G. Baker. (Vatoana)
* ''[[Clerodendrum myricoides]]''
* ''Climatis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Vahintseva).
* ''[[Clitoria ternatea]]'' -- famehifary, vahintsikomba
* ''[[Cnestis polyphylla]] -''- tokambahatra, tokambahatsa, tokambahitra, tokambahy, tongambahitsy, tongambiliotsio, tongombahiby, tsefaka, vahipika, voahento, voantsefaka, voapika, voasefaka, voasefakafotsy
* ''[[Voanio|Cocos nucifera]]'' Linné ''-''- voanio
* ''Coffea arabica'' Pierre. (Kafe gasy)
* ''Coffea liberica'' Pierre. (Kafe Liberia)
* ''Coleus aromaticus'' Benth (Ahibitsy)
* ''Coleus bojeri'' Baker (Bororom-parihy)
* ''Colocasia antiquorum'' Sch (Saonjo)
* ''[[Colocasia esculenta]]'' (Linné) Schot var. ''aquatilis'' (Saonjon-drano)
* ''[[Combretum coccineum]]'' -- halaitra
* ''Combretum micrantum'' G. Don (Kankiliba)
* ''[[Commelina benghalensis]]'' -- tsimativonoina
* ''[[Commelina diffusa]]'' -- ahidimaño, tsimativonoina.
* ''Commelina madagascariensis'' Clarke (Nifinankanga)
* ''Commelina nudiflora'' Linné (Tsimativonoina)
* ''[[Commiphora madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Commiphora simplicifolia]]'' -- daro, fantsakatsa, fatsakatsa, mangory, sangatsy, sengatsy
* ''Conyza aegyptiaca'' Aiton (DC) (Kelivoloina II)
* ''Conyza garnieri'' Klatt (Miandramidrika)
* ''Conyza hitella'' A. de Candolle (Dingandingantahalaka)
* ''Cosmos bipinnatus'' Linné (Cosmos)
* ''Craspidospermum verticillatum'' Bojer (Vandrika)
* ''Crassocephalum bojeri'' (DC) Robyns (Kimalahona)
* ''Crassocephalum rubens'' (Jacquin) Sp Moore (Anandrambo)
* ''Crassocephalum sarcobasis'' DC (Anandrambo)
* ''Crinum asiaticum'' Roxb (Tsitsaontsaona)
* ''Crotalaria diosmaefolia'' Bentham. (Voatelinondry).
* ''Crotalaria fulva'' Roxberg. (Crotalaria fulva Roxberg).
* ''[[Crotalaria retusa]]'' Linné -- akondrojaza, akondrongolo, ambarivatrindolo, amberivatrindolo, &lt;u&gt;ambiatindolo&lt;/u&gt;, ambiatrindolo, andriambavibe, bosy, diankazolahy, faliakoho, famonoakoho, hintsakintsaka, kinesakinesa, kinsakinsa, kitsakitsanakoho, kitsakitsanankizy, kitsakitsandomohina, mangakely, tsiakondroakondro, tsimembo, tsingirigiry, 116 voapika
* ''Crotalaria saltiana'' Andrew. (Ambiatrimbohitra).
* ''Crotalaria'' sp. (Hazongaga II).
* ''Crotalaria striata'' DC. (Voakirintsana).
* ''Crotalaria tenuis'' Baker. (Foko).
* ''Crotalaria xanthoclada'' Bojer. (Maitsoririnina I).
* ''Croton catatii'' Baillon. (Andriambolafotsy)
* ''[[Croton dichogamus]]''
* ''[[Croton malgassicus]]''
* ''[[Croton noronhae]]'' -- andriambavifoty, anizety, fanafa, fotsiavadika, fotsiavady, kitimaroanaka, ndriambolafotsy
* ''Croton sp.'' (Somorona hazo)
* ''Croton stannaeum'' Baillon (Sily)
* ''Cucurbita maxima'' Linné (Voatavo)
* ''[[Cucumis melo|Cucurmis melo]]'' L. (Voatango vavy)
* ''[[Cucurmis sativus]]'' L. (Voatango lahy)
* ''[[Tamotamo|Curcuma longa]]'' L. -- gingisy, gingiza, &lt;u&gt;tamotamo&lt;/u&gt;, vaza, vogotany
* ''[[Curcuma zedoaria]]'' --
* ''[[Cussonia bojeri]]'' -- hazongoaika, hazotsara, tsiahilika, tsingila, tsingilo
* ''Cussonia fraxinifolia'' Baker (Vatsilana)
* ''[[Cussonia spicata]]''
* ''Cyanotis nodiflora'' Kunt (Evonevona)
* ''Cyathula cylindrica'' (Bojer) Moquin (Tangongona)
* ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' -- veromanitra, fantakamanitra, fatakamanitra, fiahana, fiehana, verofehana, verofehina, veromafaika.
* ''[[Cymbopogon nardus]]''
* ''Cynanchum andrigitrense'' Choux (Vahinato)
* ''Cynara scolimus'' L. (Artichaut)
* ''[[Cynodon dactylon]]'' Pers -- arampandrotra, arapandrotra, fandrahana, fandropalana, fandrotrarana, fandrotsana, firifiry, &lt;u&gt;horomainty&lt;/u&gt;, kidesy, kidresy, kindrese, kindresy, ladintrambo, rampadrotsa, rapandrotra, vahitsitafitahady, vandrahana, volonaondry, volotsaka
* ''Cynoglossum rochelia'' DC (Anamaoty)
* ''[[Cyperus articulatus]]'' Linné -- bitono, &lt;u&gt;mita&lt;/u&gt;, mito, moita, tsimitamita, vondoha
* ''Cyperus compactus'' Lamarck (Fitohizam-balala)
* ''Cyperus distans'' L.F. (Kirindrambohitra II)
* ''[[Cyperus esculentus]]'' -- karekika, karepoka
* ''Cyperus madagascariensis'' Roemer et Schultze (Vendramparihy, Zozoro)
* ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''
* ''[[Cyphostemma microdipterum]]'' (Baker) Descoings -- famakientana, &lt;u&gt;vahy famakientana&lt;/u&gt;

=== D ===

* ''Dactyloctenium aegypticum'' (Linné) P. Beauv (Ahitrombilahy)
* ''Dalbergia purpurascens'' Baillon. (Hitsika).
* ''Dalbergia'' sp. (Lanary).
* ''Dalechampia clematidifolia'' Bojer (Teloravina)
* ''Danais cernua'' Baker. (Bongontany)
* ''Danais volubilis'' Baker. (Bongon-drano)
* ''Datura alba'' et ''Datura tatula'' Linné. (Ramiary / Roingivy)
* ''Datura arborea'' Linné. (Datura)
* ''Desmodium cajanifolium''. (Olana).
* ''Desmodium canum'' SCHI et THEL. (Tsilavondrivotra).
* ''Desmodium lasiocarpum'' Decaryi. (Lambohenjana).
* ''Desmodium salicifolium'' DC. (Voapidrano).
* ''Desmodium triflorum'' DC. (Voapibohitra).
* ''Dianella ensifolia'' (L.) Redouté. (Kivondrombohitra)
* ''Dichaetanthera cordifolia'' Baker. (Voatrotraka)
* ''Dichaetanthera'' sp. (Hidina)
* ''Dichapetalum chlorinum'' (Tul) Engler. (Voambahimazana)
* ''Dichondra repens'' Forst (Telafoetra)
* ''Dichrocephala latifolia'' DC (Ahibihidrina)
* ''Dicoryphe viticoides'' Baker (Tsitsihina)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Benth. (Famahatra)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Bentham. (Roimainty II)
* ''Dilobeia thouarsii'' R. et S. (Ramandriana)
* ''Diodia sarmentosa'' Sweet. (Leiamenarana)
* ''[[Dioscorea macabiha]]'' Jumelle et Perrier (Babangy)
* ''[[Dioscorea oviala]]'' Baker (Oviala)
* ''Diospyros sp.'' (Hazondriana)
* ''Dodonaea madagascariensis'' Radlkofer. (Tsitoavana) ;
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Fimpona)
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Satrikoefamaratra)
* ''Dracaena reflexa'' Baker. (Tavola)
* ''Dracaena'' sp. (Hasina madinidravina)
* ''[[Drosera madagascariensis]]'' ''--''
* ''[[Drosera ramanitacea]]'' Burchell. -- kimatanandro, mahatanando, &lt;u&gt;mahatanandomena&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Drymaria cordata'' Willd (Anantarika)

=== E ===

* ''Elaeodendron sp.'' (Hazondrano II et III)
* ''Eleodendron oliganthum'' Baker (Fanazava I)
* ''Eleonorus tristis'' Hackel (Ahitsoritra)
* ''Elephantus scaper'' L. (Tambakotambako)
* ''Embelia concinna'' Baker. (Takasina) ;
* ''Embelia nummulariofolia'' Baker. (Tanterakala Vavy) ;
* ''Embelia obovata'' Mez. (Tanterakala) ;
* ''Embelia pyrifolia'' Wild. (Tanterakala Lahy) ;
* ''Emilia bathiaei'' H. Humbert (Anamananajary)
* ''Emilia citrina'' DC (Tsiontsiona)
* ''Emilia graminea'' DC (Anantahalaka II)
* ''[[Entada abyssinica]]'' (Vahikarabo)
* ''[[Entada chrysostachys]]'' (Sweet) Drake. (Fano)
* ''[[Enterospermum madagascariense]]'' -- masanjoana, masinjany, masinjoana, masonjana
* ''Epallage anemonifolia'' DC (Anjavidy vavy)
* ''Epallage dentata'' DC (Mafaitraty)
* ''Equisetum rainosissimum'' Desf. (Kitohitohy)
* ''Erigeron naudinii'' Bonnier (Aferontanimbohira madinika, Ahibahiny)
* ''Eriobotrya japonica'' Lindl. (Bibasy) ;
* ''Eriocaulon bifistulozum'' von Heurck (Kisangandrano vavy)
* ''Eriosema procumbens'' Benth. (Fokondantra).
* ''Erythroxylum discolor'' Bojer. (Taimboalavo)
* ''Erythroxylum ferrugineum'' Cav. (Malaimbovony)
* ''Erythroxylum gerardii'' Baker (Fanjoana)
* ''Eucalyptus'' sp. (Kininimboasary)
* ''Eucalyptus'' spp. -- kininina
* ''Eugenia aromatica'' Linné. (Jirofo) ;
* ''Eugenia cyclophylla'' Baker. (Voaoriory).
* ''[[Eugenia jambolana]]'' L. -- rotra, &lt;u&gt;robazaha&lt;/u&gt;, rotrambazaha, rotravazaha, varotra
* ''Eugenia phillyreaefolia'' Baker. (Rotra)
* ''Eulalia villosa'' (Thunb) Nees (Mafáibaratra)
* ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo)
* ''Euphorbia (section Tithymalus) emirnense'' Baker. (Fanovony)
* ''[[Euphorbia hirta]]'' Linné -- ahidinono, ahidronono, aidinono, fampinonoana, kironono, tambavy, tanampotsihelika, tsimenamena, &lt;u&gt;zanraobera&lt;/u&gt; (Jean Robert II)
* [[Euphorbia thymifolia|''Euphorbia'' ''thymifolia'']] Linné (Jean Robert I)
* ''Euphorbia tulasneana'' Baillon. (Harina)
* ''Evodia madagascariensis'' Baker. (Ampody madinika) ;
* ''Evonymus elaeodendroides'' Loesener (Rangy)
* ''Exacum quinquenervium'' Grisebach (Aferontany hazo)
* ''Exacum tsimihety'' H. Humbert (Betarosa)

=== F ===

* ''Faureo forficuliflora'' Baker. (Hazombaroa) ;
* ''[[Ficus apodocephale]]'' Baker. (Voarabe).
* ''[[Ficus baroni]]'' -- amonta, amontambavy, amontana, amontandahy, aviavindahy, hafotra, nohondahy, nonokaberavina, nonokorovana, nonondahy, nonosay, voara, voarabe
* ''Ficus megapoda'' Baker (→''[[Ficus polita]]'') (Aviavy, ''Mananona'')
* ''Ficus melleri'' Baker. (Nonoka Beravina) ;
* ''Ficus polyphlebia'' Baker. (Fompohona)
* ''Ficus pyrifolia'' Lam. (Nonoka madinidravina)
* ''Ficus soroceoides'' Baker. (Ampaly)
* ''Ficus'' ''trichopoda'' Baker. (Aviavy)
* ''[[Flacourtia indica]]'' (← ''Flacourtia ramontchi'' l'Hérit.) (Lamoty)
* ''Flagellaria indica'' L. (Vahipika)
* ''Floscopa glomeraia'' Hasskarl (Mahaleomitatao)

=== G ===

* ''Geisoriza bojeri'' Baker (Tongolombato II)
* ''Geranium simense'' Hochstetter (Mahatanandofotsy II)
* ''Gerbera elliptica'' Humbert (Fotsiavadika, Kelivoloina I)
* ''Gerbera hypochaeridoides'' Baker (Marovatra)
* ''Gladiolus garniera'' Klatt (Kisesidahy)
* ''Glochidion oreichtitum'' J. Leand. (Ahidratsy)
* ''Gnaphalium luteo album'' L. (Ahipotsy II)
* ''Gnidia danguyana'' Leandri. (Avoha)
* ''Gomphocarpus cornutus'' Decaisne (Fanory)
* ''[[Gomphocarpus fruticosus]]'' -- fandemy, faniry, fanoro, matsivina, poaka, tandemy, voamasivena
* ''Grewia'' sp. (Mandrianketra) ; ''Grewia lavalanensis'' H. Bn. (Saily).
* ''Gunnera perpansa'' L. (Tangina)
* ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'' -- [[ambiaty]]
* ''[[Gymnosporia commiphoroides]]'' H. Perr (Roitsokina)
* ''Gymnosporia divaricata'' Baker (Fantsimbala II)
* ''[[Gymnosporia linearis]]'' (Linné fils) Loesener (Tsingilofilo)
* ''Gymnosporia trigyna'' (Lamarck) Baker (Volanany)

=== H ===

* ''Halleria ligustrifolia'' Baker. (Sesesoy) ;
* ''Hartogiopsis trilobocarpa'' H. Perr (Befaroraotra)
* ''[[Harungana madagascariensis]]'' (← ''Haronga madagascariensis'' Choisy) -- arongana, dity, fahotra, fohatra, haringana, haronga, harongambato, &lt;u&gt;harongana&lt;/u&gt;, miangaroka
* ''Helichrysum abbayesei'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana vavy)
* ''Helichrysum cordifolium'' DC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum delicatissimum'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana lahy, Sesinkondana)
* ''Helichrysum faradifani'' Scott Ellicot (Ahibalala)
* ''[[Helichrysum gymnocephalum]]'' Humbert -- rambazina, rambiasina, &lt;u&gt;rambiazina&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Helichrysum hypnoides'' Viguier et Humbert (Tsantsambaitra III)
* ''Helichrysum indutum'' Humbert (Ahipotsy I)
* ''Helichrysum microcephalum'' ADC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum plantago'' ADC (Soatsamay)
* ''Helichrysum rusillonii'' Hochreutiner (Ahibalala)
* ''Helichrysum selaginifolium'' Vig et Humbert (Sava)
* ''Helichrysum sp.'' (Tsantsambaitra II)
* ''Helichrysum subumbellatum'' H. Humbert (Kijanonovoy)
* ''Helichrysum viguieri'' et ''ambositrense'' H. Humbert (Maimboakondro)
* ''Hibiscus caerulescens'' H. Bn. (Hafotsokina I)
* ''Hibiscus diversifolius'' Jacquin. (Roimainty) ;
* ''Hieracium capense'' Linné (Anantahalaka I)
* ''Hieracium madagascariensis'' DC (Kiramborambo)
* ''Homalium axillare'' (Lamarck) Bentham (Hazombato)
* ''Homalium oppositofolium'' Baillon (Tavolo rano)
* ''Hydrocotyle bonariensis'' Lam. (Kiatondra fotsy) ;
* ''Hydrocotyle hirta'' R. Br. ex A. Richard. (Viliabetsahona).
* ''Hydrocotyle ranunculoides'' Linné fils. (Telafoetrandrano) ;
* ''Hydrostachys goudotiana'' A. Juss. (Mandriandrano)
* ''Hylocereus triangularis'' Britt (Tsiloteloriana)
* ''Hyparrhonia rufa'' Stapf. (Veroferana)
* ''Hypericum japonicum'' Thunb (Famalhaihaihana lahy)
** ''Hypericum japonicum'' var ''crispum'' Thunb (Betoerana)
* ''Hypericum lalandii'' Choisy (Kianikanika)
* ''Hypoestes calaminthoides'' Baker (Sarikimalaho I)
* ''Hypoxis angustifolia'' Lamarck (Saonjonimpanaraka)
* ''Hyptis pectinata'' Poiteau (Afolava)
* ''Hyptis spicigera'' Bojer (Afolava antahalaka)

=== I ===

* ''Ichnocarpus frutescens''
* ''[[Ilex mitis]] --'' hazondrano, kamasina, lampivahitry, lampivato, lapivahatra, manofotrakoho, monofotrakoho, nofotrakoho, talate, timpantrozona, tsialefitra, tsimendretsa, tsimidretra, tsimidretsa, tsimitety, tsimitretra, valolahy
* ''Ilysanthes rotundifolia'' L. (Voanjomanga madinika an-tanety).
* ''Impatiens firmula'' Baker (Silamoridrano)
* ''Impatiens sp.'' (Kivolavola, Volavolanandrongo)
* ''[[Imperata cylindrica]]'' Beauv -- antsoro, fakatenina, fehana, manevika, saingona, &lt;u&gt;tenina&lt;/u&gt;, tenona, tsevoka
* ''[[Indigofera arrecta]] Hochstetter'' ''--'' &lt;u&gt;aika&lt;/u&gt;, engitra
* ''Indigofera bojeri'' Baker. (Kijanolambala).
* ''Indigofera glabra'' Linné. (Aika lahy).
* ''Indigofera leucoclada'' Baker. (Fisatendro).
* ''Indigofera mimosella'' Baillon. (Kiotsiotsiotany Lahy).
* ''Indigofera pedunculata'' Baker. (Aika mena).
* ''Indigofera'' sp. (Maitsokely).
* ''[[Indigofera spicata]]''
* ''Indigofera stenossepala'' Baker. (Kiotsiotsiotany Vavy).
* ''[[Indigofera suffruticosa]] -''- aika, engitra, hengitra
* ''[[Indigofera tinctoria]]'' -- aika, angitra, engitra, fangira, fatotra, hengitra, kitsakitsa, lefitra, netsy, tapisakondry
* ''Indigofora'' ''bojeri'' Baker (Kijanom-balala)
* ''Inula perrieri'' Humbert Matfeld (Lelanomby)
* ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]] --'' antarika
* ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]''  Lam. -- &lt;u&gt;vomanga&lt;/u&gt;, bageda, bokala
* ''Ipomoea beraviensis'' Vatke (Vahindranavavy)
* ''Ipomoea desmophylla'' Choisy (Kifolona)
* ''Ipomoea medium'' Choisy (Vanjitra)
* ''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' L. ''--'' lalanda, lalandandriaka, lalandana
* ''Iresine herbstii'' (= ''Iresine diffusa'' f. ''herbstii'')
* ''Iresine lindenii'' Hook (Belohalika)
* ''[[Isolona madagascariensis]]'' -- ambary, kililo, ombary, ombavy, roimbary, roimbavy
* ''Ixora coccinea''
* ''Ixora neriifolia''
* ''Ixora perrieri''

=== J ===

* ''[[Savoa|Jatropha curcas]]'' L. (Kinanomena)
* ''[[Jussiaea repens]]'' Linné. (Kiatondra) ;
* ''[[Justitia tenella]]'' T. Anders (Solidandrano)

=== K ===

* ''[[Kalanchoe laxiflora]]'' Baker (Kilenga)
* ''[[Kalanchoe orgyalis]]'' Baker (Toareny Hazo)
* ''[[Kalanchoe pannosa]]'' Baker (Rengirengy)
* ''[[Kalanchoe prolifera]]'' R. Hamet (Sodifafana)
* ''[[Kaliphora madagascariensis]]'' Hook fils. (Ranendo)
* ''[[Keraudrenia macrantha]]'' (H. Bn) J. Arines. (Siandahy).
* ''[[Kostletzkya adoensis]]'' (A. Rich) Mast. (Kotose) ;

=== L ===

* ''Labramia costata'' (Hartog) Aubréville. (Votodingana).
* ''Lactuca indica'' L. (Beroberoka)
* ''Lagarosiphon madagascariensis'' Caspary (Kisangandrano)
* ''Lagenaria siceraria'' (Molina) Standley (Voatavo Giga)
* ''Laggera alata'' Linné (Arasoy)
* ''[[Lantana camara]]'' Linné.-- radredreka, [[Radriaka|&lt;u&gt;radriaka&lt;/u&gt;]], riadriatra, taindelontsinoa
* ''Laportea amberana'' (Baker) Leandri. (Ambera) ;
* ''Lasiosiphon decaryi''. (Hazomalafana).
* ''Lasiosiphon perrieri'' Leandri. (Avohambohitra) ;
* ''Lathraeocarpa acicularis'' Bremeka mp. (Tsimarofy)
* ''Laurembergia madagascariensis'' Schindler (Kalabotretra lahy)
* ''Laurembergia veronicifolia'' (Bory) Schindler (Kiatondra mena)
* ''Lautembergia ankafinensis'' Baillon Pax et Hoff (Kinanafotsy)
* ''Lautembergia sp.'' (Karambito Vavy)
* ''Lebeckia retamoides'' Baker. (Rongalahy).
* ''Lemna paucicostata'' Linné. (Manotopotsy).
* ''[[Leonotis nepetifolia]]'' -- halanjanahary, hazonjanahary, kilanjananahary, kitsotsoka, lanjalanjananahary, &lt;u&gt;lanjambola&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Leptolaena pauciflora'' Baker (Larokaitkana)
* ''Linociera tropophylla'' Perrier de la Bathie. (Tsilambozana).
* ''Lippia citriodora'' Linné. (Kinina Oliva) ;
* ''Lissochilus plantagineus'' H. Perr. (Tongolombato I) ;
* ''Lissochilus vaginatum'' n.n. = ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo) ;
* ''Lobelia filiformis'' Lamarck. (Kimangamanga).
* ''Lophotocarpus guyanensis'' Michaux (Vilahy betsahona am-parihy)
* ''Loudetia madagascariensis'' (Baker) Bosser (Menariana)
* ''Ludwigia abyssinica'' A. Richard. (Kiatondra lahy) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis'' (Jacquin) Raven. (Molalia) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis s. espèce sessiliflora'' (J.) Raven. (Voangindrano I).
* ''Lycopodiella cernua'' (L.) Pichi Sermolli. (Tongotsokina).
* ''Lycopodium clavatum'' Linné. (Tongotsokina) ;
* ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' Desv. -- famatotrakanga, &lt;u&gt;fandrikakanga&lt;/u&gt;, karakarantoloho, karakaratoloho, kidito
* ''Lysimachia rhumeriana'' Vatke. (Voahangindrano II).

=== M ===

* ''Macaranga cf alnifolia'' Baker (Mokanarana)
* ''Macaranga cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Fananimena)
* ''Macaranga cuspidata'' Baillon. (Aposa)
* ''Macaranga mongue'' Baillon (Mongy)
* ''Macaranga ribesioides'' Baker var. ''longifolia'' Leandri (Karambito I)
* ''Macaranga sphaerophylla'' Baker (Mongofasina)
* ''Maerua filiformis'' Drake (Somangy)
* ''Maesa trichophlebie'' Baker. (Voarafy).
* ''Malva verticillata'' Linné. (Miakany) ;
* ''Mangifera indica'' L. (Manga)
* ''Manihot utilissima'' Pohl. (Mangahazo)
* ''Marattia microcarpa'' Mett. (Tsipaho II (à grandes feuilles)).
* ''Marchantia sp.'' (Vahohotany)
* ''Mariscus sp.'' (Kirindrambohitra I)
* ''Mascarenhasia arborescens'' DC var. ''geayi'' (Costantin et Dubois) Boiteau (Kidroa)
* ''Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora'' (Bojer) ADC (Befaroraotra II)
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Takasina II) ;
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Voatotongana) ;
* ''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]'' -- niaoly
* ''Melanthera'' sp. (Karaoty soavaly) ;
* ''Melia azedarach'' Linné. (Voandelaka)
* ''Melinis minutiflora'' Palisot de Beauvois (Menakapaha)
* ''Mentha sp.'' (Solila)
* ''Mesanthemum rutenbergianum'' Kornicke (Fotsivolo)
* ''Micranthus oppositifolius'' Wendland (Sarikimalaho II)
* ''Micromeria flagellaris'' Baker (Ahibandana)
* ''Micronychia tsaratana'' (Baker) Capuron anc. Rhus (Tarentana)
* ''Mimosa latispinosa'' Lamarck. (Roikina / Roimainty III) ;
* ''Mimosa pudica'' Linné. (Ramirena) ;
* ''Mimulus madagascariensis'' Bentham. (Voanjomanga lahy) ;
* ''Mohria caffrorum'' Desvaux. (Manilahy).
* ''Mollugo nudicaulis ficoides'' Lamarck. (Aferontany).
* ''[[Momordica charantia]]'' -- mafaibe, [[Margôzy|margôza]], margôzy
* ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' -- anambo, anamorongo, ananaboringa, [[ananambo]], felikambo, felikamoranga, felinimorongovazaha, landihazo, moringa, morongo, morongy, soahazo
* ''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' DC. (Takilotra).
* ''Muhlenbeckia platyclada'' Meisner. (Tavy Hasina).
* ''Mundulea barclayi'' (Telfair) Viguier. (Fanamo I).
* ''Mundulea pauciflora'' Baker. (Ranongoaka II).
* ''Mundulea sericea'' (Will) Chevalier. (Fanamo II).
* ''Mundulea suberosa'' Bentham. (Ranongoaka I).
* ''[[Musa sapientium]]'' Linné. (Akondro).
* ''Mussaenda arcuata'' Poiret. (Tsantsambaitra / Tsikirity)
* ''Mussaenda vestita'' Baker. (Fatora)
* ''Myrica bojariana'' Baker. (Lakarano) ;
* ''Myrica rugulosa'' Baillon. (Sorabatana).
* ''Myrica spathulata'' Mirbel. (Sarindrahaika) ;
* ''Myrothamnus moschatus'' Niedenzu. (Maharaoka).
* ''Mystroxylon aethiopicum'' (Thunb.) Loesener (Fanazava II)

=== N ===

* ''Nasturtium barbareaeafolium'' Baker (Tomoa)
* ''Nasturtium officinale'' R. Br. (Anandrano)
* ''Nastus borbonicus'' J.F. Gmelin (Volo)
* ''Nauclea cuspidata'' Baker. (Voamalompangady)
* ''Nelsonia campestris'' R. Brown (Sirasirakanify)
* ''Nematostylis loranthoides'' Hook. (Maroatody)
* ''Neotina isoneura'' (Radlk) Capuron. (Ody Fo) ;
* ''[[Nepenthes madagascariensis]]'' Poir. (Berakotra).
* ''[[Nephelium let-chi]]'' Camb. (Latosy) ;
* ''Nephrolepis tuberosa'' (Bory) Prantl. (Kivainga) ;
* ''Nesogenes glandulosus'' (sp) (Scott Elliot) Wildr. (Tamboronomby) ;
* ''Neyraudia arundinacea'' (L.) Henrard (anc. ''arundo mad.'') (Fataka)
* ''Nicandra physaloides'' Gaertner. (Gaboreda)
* ''Nicholsonia barbata'' (Linné) De Candolle. (Vonjy).
* ''Nicholsonia diversifolium'' Poiret. (Vonjy lahy).
* ''Nicotiana tabacum'' Linné. (Paraky gasy)
* ''Nidorella chrysocoma'' DC (Angamay)
* ''[[Noronhia]]'' spp. -- laitra, tsilaitra
* ''Nuxia grandifolia'' Scott Elliot. (Lambinana Tambonaika) ;
* ''Nuxia oppositifolia'' (Hochst) Bentham. (Lambinana (Btl)) ;
* ''Nuxia pachyphylla'' Baker. (Hazongaga) ;
* ''Nuxia verticillata'' Lamarck. (Lambinana (Aga)) ;
* ''Nymphea stelleata'' Willd. (Tatamo).

=== O ===

* ''Ocimum canum'' Sims (Kirijana)
* ''Ocimum gratissimum'' Linné (Romban' akoho)
* ''[[Ocimum suave]]'' na ''[[Ocimum gratissimum]]'' -- rombabe, romby
* ''Oldenlandia caffra'' Eyckl et Zeyh. (→ ''[[Cordylostigma virgatum]]'') (Ahibitsika) -- kimalomata, matoakely, rongonintany, tsipipika, voandrongonitany 
* ''Oldenlandia heynii'' Oliver. (Arintany)
* ''Oliganthes pseudocentauropsis'' Humbert (Hazomboay)
* ''Oncostemon'' sp. (Hazotohodahy) ;
* ''Ophicolea floribunda'' (Bojer) Perrier (Voalava)
* ''Ophio glossum''. (Tokan-tsofina) ;
* ''Opuntia ficusindica'' Linné (Raketa)
* ''Ottelia ulvae folia'' Buch (Lopatra)
* ''Oxalis corniculata'' Linné. (Kimamy).

=== P ===

* ''Pachypodium brevicaule'' Baker (Sakarivombato)
* ''Pachytrophe dimepata'' Bureau. (Mahanoro lahy) ;
* ''Paederia argentea'' A. Richard. (Kotrokantsina)
* ''Pandanus utilis'' Bory. (Vakoana).
* ''Passiflora stipulata'' Aublet. (Giranadela) ;
* ''Paullinia pinnata'' L. (Vahy Famehivala).
* ''Pavonia bojeri'' Baker. (Hafotrakanga) ;
* ''Pavonia urens'' Linné. (Tsontsona).
* ''Pellaea goudotii'' Kuntz var. ''compacta'' Bonaparte (Ampangavy)
* ''Pellaea viridis'' (Forok) Prantl (Ampanganamalon'a)
* ''Pentanisia veronicoides'' Baker. (Voalobotany)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Tandrokosy II)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Vahitandrokosy)
* ''Peperomia baronii'' Baker. (Toareny) ;
* ''Peperomia'' sp. (Toareny vavy) ;
* ''Persea gratissima'' Gaert. (Zavoka).
* ''Peucedanum capense'' Sonder. (Fanivapotsy) ;
* ''Phaseolus'' sp. (Vahinondry).
* ''Phellolophium madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tsileondroaho) ;
* ''Philippia sp.'' (Anjavidy lahy, Kiringy, Kisia)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Soy Will var. ''madagascariensis'' Leandri (Repika)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Willd et decipiens (Baillon) Muller d'Argovie (Hazotanalahy)
* ''Phyllanthus cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Haga)
* ''Phyllanthus nummulariaefolius'' Poiret (Rimorimo)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Antilafoetra)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Hazotana)
* ''Phyllarton bojerianum'' DC (Zahana)
* ''Phymatodes scolopendria'' (Burm) Ching. (Tsiampanga).
* ''Physalis alkekengii''. (Kelimatoa)
* ''Physalis peruviana'' Linné. (Voanantsindrana)
* ''Physena madagascariensis'' Noronba ex Thouars (Resonjo)
* ''Phytolacca abyssinica'' Jacquin. (Vahivoraka).
* ''Phytolacca dodecandra'' l'Heritier. (Tambonoa II) ;
* ''Phytolacca goudotii'' Briq. (Mandemoka) ;
* ''Pigeum africanum'' Hooker fils. (Sary) ;
* ''Pimpinella ebracteata'' Baker. (Aferontanimbohitra) ;
* ''Piper cubeba'' Linné. (Betel marron) ;
* ''Piper nigrum'' Linné. (Poivre) ;
* ''Piper pyrifolium'' Vahl. (Tsiperifery) ;
* ''Piper subpeltatum'' Willd. (Voanotonotra).
* ''Pistia stratiotes'' Linné (Azafy)
* ''Pithecellobium dulce'' Bentham. (Kilimbazaha) ;
* ''Plantago tanalensis'' Baker. (Azafimbohitra).
* ''Plectaneia elastica'' Jumelle et Perrier (Vahitsipilo)
* ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' --
* ''Plectranthus hoslundioides'' Scott Elliot (Felantanitely)
* ''Plectranthus madagascariensis'' Benth (Farimaso)
* ''Plectronia'' sp. (Tomenjana)
* ''Plumeria alba'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Plumeria'' ''rosea'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Poivrea coccinea'' DC (Halaitra)
* ''Poivrea phaneropetala'' H. Perrier (Tamenaka)
* ''Polycline proteiformis'' H. Humbert (Jiramainty)
* ''Polygonum lanigerum'' R. Br. (Tambonoa) ;
* ''Polygonum senegalense'' Meisner. (Arivotaombelona) ;
* ''Polyscias sp.'' (Hazotsora, Tsingatry)
* ''Polystachia'' sp. (Valily lahy) ;
* ''Portulaca oleracea'' L. (Kalabotretraka).
* ''Potamogeton javanicus'' Hasskarl. (Somotra Hakàka).
* ''Pothos chapelieri'' Scot (Ramatsatso I)
* ''[[Prunus africana]]'' na ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' -- paisoala, saripaiso
* ''[[Psiadia altissima]]'' -- dingadinga, dingadingambazaha, dingadingana, dingandingana, mantavazana, rinarina, voaramonina
* ''Psidium cattleyanum'' Sabine. (Goavy tsinahy) ;
* ''[[Psidium guajava]]'' -- angavo, gavo, gavy, goava, goavy
* ''Psidium pomiferum'' Linné. (Goavy fotsy) ;
* ''Psindia angustifolia'' H. Humbert (Dingandahy)
* ''Psindia salviaefolia'' Baker (Kimalahogasy)
* ''Psorospermum androsaemifolium'' Baker (Tsifady II)
* ''Psorospermum cerasifolium'' Baker (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Psorospermum Fanerana'' Baker (Tsifady I)
* ''Psorospermum sp.'' (Tsifady lahy)
* ''Psychotria'' sp. (Voamasondrainibe)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Aniandro)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Parakinjirika)
* ''Punica granatum'' Linné. (Ampongambendanitra)
* ''Pycnoneurum junciforme'' Decaisne (Fokotohata)
* ''Pycreus mundtii'' Nees. (Ahibita)
* ''Pycreus polystachyus'' P. Beauvais
* ''Pycreus sp.'' (Lohakoho)
* ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' (= ''[[Prunus africana]]'')
* &lt;u&gt;''Pyracantha'' sp. ou ''Crataegus'' sp. (petites mandarines);&lt;/u&gt;

=== Q ===

=== R ===

* ''Radamaea montana'' Benth. (Tambarasaha) ;
* ''Ranunculus pinnatus'' Poiret. (Afontany) ;
* ''[[Ravensara aromatica]]'' -- avozo, havozomangidy, havozomanitra, hazomanga, hazomangalahy, hazomanitra, laposinty, ravintsara, tavolomanitra, voaravintsara
* ''[[Ravensara ovalifolia]]'' Danguy. (Molaliambo) ;
* ''Reissantia angustipetala'' (H. Perrier) N. Hallé (Anc. ''Hippocratea'') (Fanolehana I)
* ''Rhodocodon madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tongolontotozy) ;
* ''Rhodosepala pauciflora'' Baker. (Tamborokisoa) ;
* ''[[Kinana|Ricinus communis]]'' Linné -- kinana, kinanamena (, Mangarahana)
* ''Rubus apetalus'' Poiret. (Roifotsy) ;
* ''Rubus pauciflorus'' Baker. (Roimainty II) ;
* ''Rubus rosaefolius'' (Linné) Baker. (Voaroitsaka).
* ''Rumex bequaertii'' de Wildemann. (Bolela) ; 

=== S ===

* ''Sabaea brachyphylla'' Grisebach (Tsakomanta lahy)
* ''Sabicea diversifolia'' Persoon. (Sefa)
* ''Salix madagascariensis'' Baker. (Siho).
* ''Salvadora angustifolia'' Turill. (Sasavy).
* ''[[Salvia coccinea]]'' Linné (Romba madinika)
* ''Salvia cryptoclada'' Baker (Kanda II)
* ''Sarcobotrya stringosa'' (Benth) R. Viguier. (Voavoananakova).
* ''Satyrium'' sp. et ''Cynorchis'' sp. (Voatadidy).
* ''Schefflera bojeri'' (Seeman) Viguier (Alomanaka)
* ''Schefflera helleana'' Bernadi (Tsingila)
* ''Schefflera longepedicellata'' (Lecomte) Bernadi (Felatanamanahary)
* ''Scleria griegifolia'' (Riedley) Raynal (Kirindrambohitra, Kirindrandrano, Ravindahasa)
* ''Sclerocarya caffra'' Sond (Sakoa)
* ''Scoparia dulcis'' L. (Fafatsambo / Tsiijaia) ;
* ''Secamone glaberrima'' (K. Sch) Choux (Vahimena)
* ''Secamone tenuifolia'' (Kindrono, Sanatry)
* ''Selaginella fissidentoides''. (Tanantrandraka II).
* ''Selago muralis'' Linné. (Manahahàha) ;
* ''Senebiera didyma'' Pers. (Tsingita)
* ''Senecio ambositrensis'' Humbert (Hanindraisoanampondra)
* ''Senecio canaliculatus'' Bojer ex DC (Kelimavítrika)
* ''Senecio cochlearifolius'' Bojer ex DC (Anjevy)
* ''Senecio decaryi'' Humbert (Rambontsoavaly II)
* ''Senecio faujasioides'' Linné (Kimamboiboy)
* ''Senecio hildebrandtii'' Baker (Rambontsoavaly I)
* ''Senecio longiscapus'' Bojer ex DC (Menavitrana)
* ''Senecio multibracreatus'' Bak (Angeambohitra)
* ''Senecio resectus'' Bojer ex DC (Ahipanala)
* ''Senecio vittarifolius'' Bojer in DC (Anantsongontany)
* ''Senna fistula'' (= ''Cassia fistula'')
* ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' (← ''Cassia occidentalis'') ''--'' saringoazy, tsatsinangatra, tsirokinangatra, tsirorokanangatra, tsorokanangatra, tsororangatra, tsotsorinangatra, vantsiraokonangatra, voanembanalika, voanembanamboa, voanjary, voantsiraokonangatra, voantsirokinimaro, voantsiroko, voantsorokanangatra, voatsokonangatra, vonjara
* ''Sepramacoce ocymoides'' Burman. (Ambotona)
* ''Sesamum indicum'' DC. (Voanaho).
* ''Sesbania punctata'' DC. (Katsakatsaka).
* ''Sida parvifolia'' DC. (Mandravasarotra vavy) ;
* ''Sida urens'' Linné. (Satrikoefamaratra / Sindahoro) ;
* ''Siegesbeckia abyssinica'' Olivier (Kiravita)
* ''[[Siegesbeckia orientalis]]'' Linné -- &lt;u&gt;ditinangatra&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Fanisindoloratsy&lt;/u&gt;, mandalodiaraikitra, satrikoazamaratra, satrikoefamaratra, tsivadihana
* ''Smilax kraussiana'' Meiss. (Fandrikibodisy).
* ''Smithia chamaechrista'' Benth. (Fanivamena).
* ''[[Solanum aethiopicum]]'' --
* ''Solanum auricula tum'' Ait. (Sevabe)
* ''Solanum erythracantum'' Baker. (Sakaifantsinakohoy)
* ''Solanum indicum'' Linné. (Voampoana / Voanatindrana)
* ''Solanum nigrum'' Linné. (Anamafaika / Anamamy)
* ''Solanum nodiflorum'' jacquin. (Anamamy)
* ''Solanum'' sp. (Voanjomora)
* ''Sonchus oleraceus'' L. (Anamboraka)
* ''Sparmannia discolor'' Baker. (Fantsimbala III) ;
* ''Sphenomeris chusanae''. (Kondrehitra) ;
* ''Spilanthes oleracea'' Jacq (Anamalao)
* ''Sporobolus africanus'' (Poiret) Robyns et Tournay (Fandrotrarana)
* ''Stachys sp.'' (Gaga)
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' L. Vahl. (Ananomby) ;
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' Vahl. (Tsipotina) ;
* ''Stenocline inuloides'' DC (Tsitakombohitra)
* ''Stenotaphrum dimidiatum'' Brong. (Ahipisaka)
* ''Sticherus flagellaris'' St John. (Ringotra)
* ''Strongylodon'' sp. (Vahitsaramaso).
* ''Strychnos diploricha'' Leeuwenberg. (Betady) ;
* ''Symphonia sp.'' (Somoronamboa)

=== T ===

* ''[[Tacca leontopetaloides]]'' -- maronkony
* ''Tacca pinnatifida'' Forst. (Tavolo).
* ''Tachiadenus carinatus'' Grisebach (Felamanga)
* ''Tachiadenus longiflorus'' Grisebach (Malanilava)
* ''Tagetes erecta'' Linné (Kiranjany)
* ''Tamarindus indica'' Linné (Kily)
* ''Tambourissa parvifolia'' Baker. (Ambora lahy) ;
* ''Tambourissa purpurea'' ADC. (Amboramavo vavy).
* ''Taraxacum officinale'' Web (Ananangisa)
* ''Tephrosia humberti'' N. Dumaz. (Voatelinondry vavy).
* ''Tephrosia linearis'' Pers. (Manaribe).
* ''Tephrosia lyallii'' Baker. (Fokongaga).
* ''Tephrosia retamoides'' Solederer. (Kifafalahy).
* ''Terminalia mantaly'' H. Perr (Mantaly)
* ''Tetracera rutenbergii'' Buch. (Vahy marâna)
* ''Tetradenia fruticosa'' Benth (Bororona)
* ''Tetradenia hildebrandtii'' Briquet (Bororona manala ratsy)
* ''Thunbergia leucorhiza'' R. Benoist (Vahimavana)
* ''Thunbergia platyphylla'' Baker (Voakerépoka, Voanjomanga an-tanety)
* ''[[Toddalia asiatica]]'' Lamarck. (Kasimba) ;
* ''Toneria pedunculari-formis'' Bonati. (Kimataho Lahy) ;
* ''Torenia parviflora'' Buch. Hamilt. (Ananotsy) ;
* ''Torenia stolonifera'' Bojer. (Tsakomanta) ;
* ''Tragia furialis'' Bojer (Takilo-dambo)
* ''Trema commersonii'' Blume (Vakoka)
* ''[[Trema orientalis]]'' Blume''.'' ''--'' andraraizina, andrareza, andrarezina, angesoba, angezoka, hazongazona, ilaibaratra, selivaratsy, tsivakimbaratra, &lt;u&gt;vakoka&lt;/u&gt;
* ''[[Tridax procumbens]]'' L. (Angea)
* ''Tristemma virusanum'' Jussieu. (Voatrotrokala).
* ''Triumphetta rhomboidea''. (Hafotsokina II) ;
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara)
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara) ;
* ''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' Linné. (Kivondrona).
* ''Typhonodorum lildleyanum'' Schott (Viha)

=== U ===

* ''[[Uapaca bojeri]]'' Baillon --  hazondandy, &lt;u&gt;tapia&lt;/u&gt;, voampaka, voatapia
* ''Urera acuminata'' Gaudichaud. (Miandambo).
* ''Usnea'' sp. (Lomotra hazo).
* ''Uvaria acuminata'' var. ''catocarpa''  (Diles) Cavaco (Senaseria)

=== V ===

* ''Vaccinium secundiflorum'' Hook. (Voamantsitainakohoy) ;
* ''Variété de Citrus aurantium'' Linné. (Voatolongo).
* ''Variété du précédent, ou espèce difforme''. (Voatsikatajaza).
* ''Vaucheria sesselis'' DC (Lomo-drano)
* ''Vepris fitoravina'' H. Perr. (Ampody fitoravina) ;
* ''Vepris nitida'' Verdoorn. (Ampody vato) ;
* ''Vernonia alleizettes'' Humbert (Ambiaty lahy)
* ''[[Vernonia appendiculata]]'' Less (→ ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'') -- &lt;u&gt;ambiaty&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Vernonia capitata'' Baker (Kijelajahy)
* ''Vernonia cinerea'' Less (Ramiary I)
* ''Vernonia diversifolia'' Bojer ex DC (Tsiatosika)
* ''Vernonia erythromarula'' Klatt (Lahimena II)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Hazomavo)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Pela Lahy)
* ''Vernonia glutinosa'' DC (Kanda)
* ''Vernonia nudicaulis'' Lers (Lahimena I)
* ''Vernonia pectoralis'' Baker (Sakatavilotra)
* ''Vernonia polygalaefolia'' Lessing (Ramanjoko)
* ''Vernonia pratensis'' Klatt (Anambohitra I)
* ''Vernonia secundifolia'' var. ''dolicholepis'' Humbert (Masimposaina)
* ''Vernonia sp.'' (Renionmby)
* ''Vernonia trinervis'' (Bojer ex DC) Drake (Anambohitra II)
* ''Vigna angivensis'' Baker. (Avoko).
* ''Vigna capensis'' Walpig. (Masontantely).
* ''Vitex betsiliensis'' Humbert. (Sevambato) ;
* ''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]'' -- akanga, akangahazo, akangarano, akangatsimangolonanaka, folitra, haboka, kabodrano, kaboka, kabokankoraka, kaboke, kanga, kangarano, kapoka, koraka, montafara, montaka, voakanga, voakangarano

=== W ===

* ''Wahlenbergia bojeri'' ADC (Anantahalaka II lahy)
* ''Walhenbergia madagascariensis'' ADC (Sofintotozy)
* ''Wedelia elongata'' Vatke (Kijitina)
* ''Weinmannia bojeriana'' Tulasne (Sokia)
* ''Weinmannia lucens'' Baker (Lalona)
* ''[[Woodfordia floribunda]]'' L. Kurtz. ''--''  arify, lambohenjana
* ''Woodfordia fructicosa'' (L) S. Kurtz. (Lambohenjana).

=== X ===

* ''[[Xerochlamys pilosa]]'' Baker (Laro)
* ''[[Xyris semifuscata]]'' Bojer. (Sorobatritra).

=== Y ===

=== Z ===

* ''[[Zanthoxylum decaryi]]'' -- manago, manongo, manongovola
* ''[[Zanthoxylum madagascariense]]'' Baker. -- &lt;u&gt;fahavalonkazo&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;hazomiarotena&lt;/u&gt;, manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum mananarense]]'' -- vohantsilana
* ''[[Zanthoxylum thouvenotii]]'' -- tsihanimpotsy, tsihanimpoza, tsilompoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa]]'' -- manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zehneria perrieri]]'' (Baker) Keraudren (voantangonala)
* ''[[Zehneria rutenbergiana]]'' (Cogniaux) Keraudren (voantangondolo)
* ''[[Sakamalao|Zingiber officinale]] -''- &lt;u&gt;sakamalao&lt;/u&gt;, sakaviro, sakarivo
* ''[[Zingiber zerumbet]]'' L. (sakarivondambo)
* ''[[Ziziphus jujuba]]'' Lamarck. (mokonazy).
* ''[[Zornia diphylla]]'' Pers''.'' (famahipaihana).

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Zavamaniry eto Madagasikara]]
* [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody]]
* [[Tambavy]]

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>4pd7mjlmf3ed8liyk8k8qeld37fe4jg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137614</id>
      <parentid>1137612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T21:10:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50415" sha1="69kuzqvfedgzxovh6jzq4sgb7rkwt55" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Catharanthus roseus24 08 2012 (2).JPG|vignette|364x364px|Tonga na vonenina (''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'')]]
Ny '''zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara''', izay misy karazana miisa 3&amp;nbsp;245, dia ampahany amin' ny karazan-javamaniry misy eto amin' ny [[Madagasikara|Nosy]], ka ny 60&amp;nbsp;% amin' izy ireo dia tsy hita raha tsy eto&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1591#:~:text=Results:%20The%20medicinal%20plants%20inventoried,most%20morbid%20ones%20in%20Madagascar. Synthesis and analysis of data on inventories of medicinal plants in Madagascar]&quot;, ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Andrianavalonirina A.M. et al, &quot;Etude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales du district d’Antanifotsy, région de Vakinankaratra au Madagascar&quot;, ''RAMReS-PMTA'',  2023.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Anisan' ny fantatra indrindra ny vonenina na tonga (''[[Catharanthus roseus]]''), ny vahona (''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' sy ''[[Aloe vera]]'' indrindraindrindra), ny ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' na ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]''), ny mandravasarotra (''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]''), ny niaoly (''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]''), ny havozomangidy (''[[Ravensara aromatica]]''), ny katrafay (''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]''), ary ny talapetraka (''[[Centella asiatica]]'').

== Lisitra ==
[[Sary:Camphora officinarum in Palm House Schoenbrunn (3).jpg|vignette|262x262px|Ravintsara (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'')]]
Inty ny lisitry ny anarana ara-tsiansan' ny karazan-javamaniry fanao fanafody maniry eto [[Madagasikara]], arakarahin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]]. Marihina fa misy ny anarana iray amin' ny teny malagasy izay mety hanondro karazan-javamaniry roa na mihoatra. Amin' ireo anarana ara-tsiansa ireo dia misy ny efa nosoloana vokatry ny fikarohana taty aoriana nataon' ny manampahaizana.

=== A ===

* ''[[Abelmoschus esculentus]] --'' gombo, tambazotse, tsirandranjaza
* ''[[Abelmoschus manihot]]''
* ''[[Abrus precatorius]]'' Linné. (mila fitandremana fa mety manapoizina) ''--'' kelimiefitra, masokoaky, masonamboangara, masonamboatora, masonombilahy, vahemboamena, &lt;u&gt;vahimboamena&lt;/u&gt;, voamahatorana, voamaintilany, voamaintorana, voamantorana, voamasotrandraka, voamatorana, voamboanamainty, voamboanamena, voamena.
* ''[[Abutilon indicum]] --'' 
* ''[[Acacia decurrens]]''. (Mimosa)
* ''[[Acacia farnesiana]]'' DC. (Famahatra) ;
* ''[[Acacia morodavensis]]'' Viguier. (Robontsy)
* ''[[Acalypha indica]]''
* ''[[Acalypha radula]]'' Baker (Tsiety)
* ''[[Acalypha reticulata]]'' (Poiret) (Fanavy/ Tsimbaleotra) -- bemangitra, marompototra, &lt;u&gt;tsimbaleotra&lt;/u&gt;, vahizato
* ''[[Acalypha]] sp.'' (Vahindranavavy II)
* ''[[Acanthopale madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' D.C (Bakakely) -- bakakely, fatika
* ''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
* ''[[Achyranthes aspera]]'' -- fandrangojaza, tsipolitra, tsipolomanitra, tsiporomanitra, tsipotamena, tsipotemena, vatofosa, vatomposa
* ''[[Acmella oleracea]]'' (sady anana)
* ''[[Acridocarpus excelsus]]'' -- kimanga
* ''[[Adansonia digitata]] --'' baobaba, baobaza, baovola, bontona, boringy, fontana, rainiala, ringy, sefo, vonoa, vontana na vontona.
* ''[[Adansonia grandidieri]]'' -- renala, reniala, renibeala na vonoa.
* ''[[Adenanthera pavonina]] --'' volantsaramanga
* ''[[Adenia boinensis]]'' Per de la Bathie. (Vahiranga).
* ''[[Adenia gummifera]]''
* ''[[Adenium obesum]]''
* ''[[Adhatoda vasica]]'' (→ ''[[Justicia adhatoda]]'')
* ''[[Adiantum caudatum]]''
* ''[[Adiantum philippense]]''
* ''[[Aerva lanata]]'' (L.) Juss (Anantarikómby)
* ''[[Aeschynomene brevifolia]]'' Poiret. (Sindahonimbohitra).
* ''[[Aeschynomene uniflora]]'' E. Meyer. (Sindahorindrano).
* ''[[Lingoza|Aframomum angustifolium]]''  K. Schum. -- &lt;u&gt;longoza&lt;/u&gt;
* [[Aframomum melegueta|A''framomum melegueta'']]
* ''[[Afzelia bijuga]]''
* ''[[Agauria salicifolia]] Hook''  (Angavodiana)
* [[Agauria plpyphylla|''Agauria'' ''plpyphylla'']] Hook (Angavodiana)
* ''[[Agave sisalana]]'' -- lafa, taretra
* ''[[Agelaea pentagyna]]'' (Lamk) Baillon (Vahy mainty)
* ''[[Ageratum conyzoides]]'' Linné -- ahimaimbo, ahimembo, alonimpantsaka, anajazavavy, andranompatsaka, bemaimbo, fotsivony, &lt;u&gt;hanitrimpantsaka&lt;/u&gt;, hanitrombalahy, timimbo, tinimbo, tsiafakanakandriana, tsiafakanandriana, tsifariparimaso
* ''[[Aidia densiflora]]''
* ''[[Aidia micrantha]]''
* ''[[Alangium salviifolium]]''
* ''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''
* ''Albizia aurisparsa'' Drake. (Masinanio)
* ''[[Albizia lebbeck]]'' -- bonara
* ''Albizia saman'' (→ ''[[Samanea saman]]'')
* ''Albizzia fastigiata'' Oliver. (Sambalahy) ;
* ''[[Albuca humilis]]''
* ''Alchemilla cryptantha'' Steudel. (Mahatanandofotsy I) ;
* ''[[Aleurites moluccanus]]'' -- mofotra, savoga, savokara, tanantanana ary tanatanana
* ''[[Allamanda cathartica]]''
* ''[[Allium cepa]]''
* ''[[Tongologasy|Allium sativum]]'' ''--'' tongologasy, tongolay, tongolonkova
* ''[[Allophylus africanus]]''
* ''Allophylus trichodesmus'' Radlkofer. (Sanatrinamboa) ;
* ''[[Aloe capitata]]''
* ''Aloe capitata'' Baker var. ''cipolicola'' H. Perr. (Vahon’olona).
* ''[[Aloe divaricata]]'' -- vahonandrano
* ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' Baker. -- kisaondra, lahimbahona, vahombe, &lt;u&gt;vahona&lt;/u&gt;, vahonavahona
* ''[[Aloe vaombe]]'' -- vahombe, vahombey
* ''[[Alovera|Aloe vera]]'' -- vahona
* ''[[Alphonsea madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Alpinia galanga]]''
* ''[[Alpinia zerumbet]]''
* ''[[Alstonia boonei]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera pungens]]''
* ''[[Alternanthera sessilis]]''
* ''Alysicarpus bupleurifolius'' ADC. (Foko lahy).
* ''Alysicarpus nummularifolius'' ADC. (Mangorodefona, Vavonikena).
* ''[[Alysicarpus ovalifolius]]''
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Foko vavy).
* ''Alysicarpus'' sp. (Tokambody).
* ''[[Alysicarpus vaginalis]]''
* ''[[Amanita tainaomby]]'' R. Heim (Ola Tain'Omby)
* ''Amaranthus dubius'' Martius (Kiatondrambohira)
* ''Amaranthus hybridus'' Linné (Anamena)
* ''[[Amaranthus spinosus]] --'' anampantsy, anampatsa, añampatsy, anapatsalahy, dasy, felipatika, kimoaelahy, kimoaevavy, kimoelahy, sabotraboay
* ''[[Amaranthus viridis]]''
* ''[[Ambavia gerrardii]]''
* ''[[Ambrosia artemisiifolia]]''
* ''Ambrosia maritima'' DC (Damsissa)
* ''[[Ammi majus]]''
* ''[[Ammi visnaga]]''
* ''Amygadalus persica'' Linné. (Paiso) ;
* ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]''
* ''[[Anacolosa pervilleana]]''
* ''Anagallis tenuicaulis'' Baker. (Tsangamanitramparihy) ;
* ''[[Mananasy|Ananas comosus]]'' Merrill -- fandra, &lt;u&gt;mananasy&lt;/u&gt;, satra.
* ''Andasonia sp.'' (Za)
* ''[[Andrographis paniculata]]''
* ''[[Andropogon gayanus]]''
* ''Andropogon schoenanthus'' Linné (Veromanitra)
* ''[[Androya decaryi]]''
* ''[[Angraecum sesquipedale]]''
* ''[[Angraecum]]'' sp. (Valily vavy);
* ''[[Anisopappus chinensis]]''
* ''[[Anisotes madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Annona muricata]]''
* ''[[Annona squamosa]]''
* ''[[Anthemis nobilis]]'' Linné (Camomille)
* ''[[Antherotoma naudini]]'' Hooker fils. (Kimamimamitamabina) ;
* ''[[Anthocleista rhizophoroides]]'' Baker. (Ndanidemy)
* ''[[Anthospermum antsirabense]]'' A.M. Homolle. (Ahipoza)
* ''[[Anthospermum eminense]]'' Baker. (Alamiainga)
* ''[[Antidesma madagascariense]]'' -- baronala, taindalitra, varana, varona
* ''[[Antidesma petiolare]]'' Tulas. (Voavony)
* ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' Bennet ''--'' &lt;u&gt;voafotsy&lt;/u&gt;, fandramanana, hazondrano, kirandrambahivary, kirandrambehivavy, kirandrambiavy, maramanana, miaramanana
* ''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''
* ''[[Aponogeton madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]'' Linné. (Voanjo).
* ''Ardisia fuscopilosa'' Baker. (Hazotohobavy) ;
* ''[[Argemone mexicana]]'' -- fantsimboay, betakoa
* ''Aristolochia acuminata'' Lamarck (Sovy)
* ''[[Aristolochia albida]]''
* ''[[Aristolochia petersiana]]''
* ''[[Artabotrys hexapetalus]]''
* ''[[Artemisia afra]]''
* ''[[Artemisia annua]]'' --
* ''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''
* ''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' -- ampalibe
* ''[[Asclepia curassavica]]'' Linné (Fanoromena II)
* ''[[Asparagus africanus]]''
* ''[[Asparagus simulans]]'' Baker. (Ahitsifantatra)
* ''[[Asparagus vaginellatus]]'' Bojer. (Roimboalavo)
* ''[[Aspilia africana]]''
* ''[[Aspilia bojeri]]'' DC (Ampalimbohitra)
* ''[[Asplenium]]'' (Sensu stricto) (Tsipalo)
* ''[[Aster bakerianus]]''
* ''[[Aster perrieri]]''
* ''[[Asystasia gangetica]]''
* ''[[Athania brownii]]'' Hochr (Ramiary II, Ramizengy)
* ''[[Athrixia debilis]]'' DC (Anjavidy lahy)
* ''[[Athyrium filix-femina]]''
* ''[[Averrhoa carambola]]''
* ''[[Avicennia marina]]''
* ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' -- nimo

=== B ===

* ''Bacopa monnieri''
* ''Bakarella baronii'' baker. (Tongoalahy).
* ''Balanites madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa madagascariensis''
* ''Bambusa vulgaris''
* ''Baphia madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria lupulina''
* ''Barleria madagascariensis''
* ''Barleria prionitis'' L. (Rointsokina II)
* ''Barringtonia asiatica''
* ''Barringtonia madagascariensis''
* ''Barringtonia racemosa''
* ''Basella alba''
* ''Baudouinia fluggeiformis''
* ''Baudouinia rouxevillei''
* ''Bauhinia grandidieri''
* ''Bauhinia hildebrandtii''
* ''Bauhinia madagascariensis''
* ''Bauhinia monandra''
* ''Bauhinia purpurea''
* ''Bauhinia variegata''
* ''Begonia lyallii''
* ''Begonia madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera madagascariensis''
* ''Bertiera pervilleana''
* ''Bidens pilosa'' Linné (Tsipolitra)
* ''Biophytum sensitivum'' (Linné) DC. (Kifohafoha) ;
* ''Bixa orellana''
* ''Blechnum tabulare'' (Thunberg Kuhn) (Tsipahonamalon'a)
* ''Blepharis bojeriana''
* ''Blumea balsamifera''
* ''Blumea lacera''
* ''Blumea madagascariensis''
* ''Blumea mollis''
* ''Boerhavia coccinea''
* ''Boerhavia diffusa''
* ''Boerhavia repens''
* ''Bolbitis madagascariensis''
* ''Bonamia madagascariensis''
* ''Borassus madagascariensis''
* ''Borreria verticillata''
* ''Boscia madagascariensis''
* ''Boswellia madagascariensis''
* ''Brachylaena merana''
* ''Brachylaena microphylla'' Humbert (Peha)
* ''[[Brachylaena ramiflora]]'' (DC) H. Humbert ''--'' &lt;u&gt;hazotokana&lt;/u&gt;, kisaka, mananitra, mananotra, mananotsa, sotromorona
* ''Breonadia salicina'' (← ''Adina microcephala'')
* ''Brewiera sp.'' (Ovinandrongo)
* B''rexia madagascariensis''
* ''Brexia pluriflora''
* ''Bridelia madagascariensis''
* ''Bridelia micrantha''
* ''Bridelia pervilleana''
* ''Bridelia tulasneana''
* ''Brillantaisia madagascariensis''
* ''Brochoneura voury'' Warburg. (Raraha).
* ''Bryophyllum daigremontianum'' (= ''Kalanchoe daigremontiana'')
* ''Bryophyllum delagoense'' (= ''Kalanchoe delagoensis'')
* ''Bryophyllum pinnatum'' (= ''Kalanchoe pinnata'')
* ''Buchnera hispida'' Hamilt. (Tamborokijoa) ;
* ''Buchnera madagascariensis''
* ''Buddleja axillaris'' Willd ex Roemer et Schultes. (Seva Fotsy)
* ''Buddleja fusca'' Baker. (Seva Lahy)
* ''Buddleja indica''
* ''Buddleja madagascariensis''
* ''Bulbophyllum madagascariense''
* ''Bulbostylis madagascariensis''
* ''Burasaia madagascariensis''
* ''Burasia gracilis'' Decaisne. (Kotolahy) ;
* ''Burasia madagascariensis'' Duperit Thouars. (Ody Tohina) ;
* ''Burmannia madagascariensis''
* ''Bursera madagascariensis''
* ''Buxus madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria madagascariensis''
* ''Byttneria melleri'' Baker var. triloba J. Ar. (Fanary) ;
* ''Byttneria pervillei''

=== C ===

* ''Cabucala crassifolia'' Pichon (Hazotandroka)
* ''Cabucala oblonga-ovata'' Markgraff (Hentona)
* ''[[Caesalpinia bonduc]]'' L. -- fananomahery, katra, tsiafakomby, &lt;u&gt;tsirifota&lt;/u&gt;, vatolalaka
* ''Caesalpinia bonducella'' (Roxb) Fleming (Vatolalaka)
* ''[[Caesalpinia pulcherrima]] --''
* ''Caesalpinia sepiaria'' Roxb (Tsiafakomby)
* ''[[Amberivatry|Cajanus cajan]]'' ''--'' ambarivatry, ambatry, amberivatry, ambiatrimbohitra, ambiatry, antsotry, asotrilahy, bokana, hazondandy, kiambatrimbohitsa, kivanja
* ''Cajanus indicus'' Spreng. (Ambiatry).
* ''Calantica cerasifolia'' Tul. (Hazoambo)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I)
* ''Calliandra alternans'' Bentham. (Mandravasarotra I) ;
* ''Callisternum'' sp. (Niaouli) ;
* ''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]'' Linné -- anganaro, foraha, forahabe, itakamaka, mafotra, takamaka, timbarika, tsindelo, &lt;u&gt;vintanina&lt;/u&gt;, vintaninaberavina, 24 voakoly, voakotry, voalavenona
* ''[[Calophyllum madagascariensis]]''
* ''Calophyllum parviflorum'' Baker (Vintanina)
* ''Calopyxis bernieriana'' (Tulasne) Perrier de la Bathie (Voatamenaka)
* ''[[Calotropis gigantea]]''
* ''[[Cananga odorata]]'' -- ilañilañy
* ''[[Canarium boivinii]]'' -- aramy, haramy, ramifotsy, ramimainty, ramimena, ramy, tambazotse
* ''[[Canarium madagascariense]]'' (←''Canarium madagascariensis'') ''--'' aramy, haramy, &lt;u&gt;ramy&lt;/u&gt; ary tambazotse
* ''Cannabis indica'' Linné (Rongony)
* ''Canthium baxifolium'' (Baker) Cavaco. (Fantsikahitra)
* ''Canthium erythroxyloides'' Baillon. (Ananamboa)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Farimay)
* ''Canthium'' sp. (Voanananapaha lahy / vavy)
* ''Caperonia sp.'' (Vahindambo)
* ''[[Capsicum frutescens]]''
* ''Capsium annuum'' Linné. (Sakaipilo)
* ''Cardiospermum halicacabum'' L. Boj. (Vahifamakientana II) ;
* ''[[Papay|Carica papaya]]'' L. ''--'' papay, &lt;u&gt;voampaza lahy&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Carissa edulis'' Vahl var. ''subtrinervia'' (Fantsimbala)
* ''Casearia nigrescens'' Tul. var. ''lucida'' (Hazonakoholahy)
* ''Cassia alata'' Linné (→ ''[[Senna alata]]'') -- anjananjana
* ''Cassia laevigata'' Willd (Taikakoho)
* ''Cassia mimosoides'' Linné (Masina anio, Mendoravina)
* ''[[Cassia occidentalis]]'' Sond (= ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'') (Tsotsoranagatra)
* ''Cassinopsis madagascariensis'' H. Bn. (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Cassytha filiformis'' Linné. (Tsihiatofotra) ;
* ''[[Tonga (zavamaniry)|Catharanthus roseus]]'' -- arivotambelona, befela, felabaratra, felatanamamba, heladolo, rivotambelona, salotsa, sarita, tonga, tongatse, trongatse, tsimatiririnina, tsingevika, vonenina
* ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' sy ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' ''coriaceus'' (Bak) Pichon (Felanjirika)
* ''Caucalis melanatha'' (Hoschter) Benth et Hook fils. (Tongotrandraka) ;
* ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' Baillon. -- katafa, katrafaina, &lt;u&gt;katrafay&lt;/u&gt;, katsafa, mampandry, mantora
* ''[[Ceiba pentandra]]'' -- hazomorengy, kaboaka, kapoaka, kapôka, landahazobe, landihazobe, laoaty, moraingy, pamba, pemba, pembabe
* ''Celosia trigyna'' L. (Velomitsotsorika)
* ''Centella asiatica'' (L.) Urban, forma abreviata. (Talapetraka) ;
* ''[[Centella asiatica]]'' -- anamanitra, anampetraka, anantahalaka, anantalapetraka, kiladitahalaka, korokorona, loviantsahonantanety, raivolesoka, silabola, talapetraka, viliantsahonantanety
* ''Cephalanthus spathelliformis'' Baker. (Sidindranto)
* ''Cerastinum africanum'' Oliv (Tsivahadrenikely)
* ''Cerasus padus'' DC. (Paiso voaloboka) ;
* ''Cereus sp.'' (Raketa)
* ''Chapeliera madagascariensis'' AR. RH. (Ravimbolo)
* ''[[Chassalia bojeri]]''
* ''[[Chassalia princei]]''
* ''[[Chenopodium ambrosioides]]'' Linné -- akatasavola, akatasoavaly, bemaimbo, &lt;u&gt;taimborontsiloza&lt;/u&gt;, tainivorontsiloza, tetrolokoloko, tetrolokolona
* ''Chenopodium bonum henricum'' Linné (Takasimboloina)
* ''Chenopodium murale'' Linné (Anambodihena)
* ''Chlerodendron heretophyllum'' R. Br. (Fantsinakohoy) ;
* ''[[Chromolaena odorata]]''
* ''Chrysanthellum indicum'' Linné (Trakambazimba)
* ''Cineraria anampoza'' Baker (Anampoza)
* ''Cinnamomosma fragrans'' Baillon (Mandravasarotra II)
* ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]'' Linné. ''--'' &lt;u&gt;ravintsara&lt;/u&gt;, ravitsara
* ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamomum zeylanicum]]'' Breyn. -- andrembavinaveotra, hazokanelina, hazomanitra, kanelina, ravintsara
* ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' -- fanalamangidy, [[mandravasarotra]], molotrobeantiniaina, motrebetinainy, motrobeantinena, saro
* ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' --
* ''[[Cinnamosma madagascariensis]]'' -- sakaihazo, sakarivohazo, vahabahatra
* ''Cissampelos pareira'' Linné. (Vahivoriavina)
* ''Cissampelos perrieri'' Diels. (Vahimavo)
* ''Cissampelos'' sp. (Ramilelatra)
* ''[[Cissus quadrangularis]]''
* ''[[Citrus aurantiifolia]]'' Swing. -- (Voasary makirana)angy, besenta, hangy
* ''[[Citrus hystrix]] -''- voangabe, voangibe
* ''[[Citrus limon]]'' -- voasarimakirana
* ''Citrus'' sp. (Voasary mandina)
* ''Claoxylon bakerianum'' Baillon (Sitrakafavoa)
* ''[[Cleistanthus boivinianus]] --'' tanatanampotsy
* ''[[Cleistanthus madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Cleistopholis madagascariensis]]''
* ''Clematis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Farimaty)
* ''Clematis trifida'' Hook. (Fotsivolomanoka)
* ''[[Cleome gynandra]]''
* ''Clerodendron hircinum'' Schauer var. dentatum Moldenke. (Vanginamboa) 
* ''Clerodendron putre'' Sch. (Tsantsambaitra IV)
* ''Clerodendron pyrifolium'' J.G. Baker. (Vatoana)
* ''[[Clerodendrum myricoides]]''
* ''Climatis mauritiana'' Lamarck. (Vahintseva).
* ''[[Clitoria ternatea]]'' -- famehifary, vahintsikomba
* ''[[Cnestis polyphylla]] -''- tokambahatra, tokambahatsa, tokambahitra, tokambahy, tongambahitsy, tongambiliotsio, tongombahiby, tsefaka, vahipika, voahento, voantsefaka, voapika, voasefaka, voasefakafotsy
* ''[[Voanio|Cocos nucifera]]'' Linné ''-''- voanio
* ''Coffea arabica'' Pierre. (Kafe gasy)
* ''Coffea liberica'' Pierre. (Kafe Liberia)
* ''Coleus aromaticus'' Benth (Ahibitsy)
* ''Coleus bojeri'' Baker (Bororom-parihy)
* ''Colocasia antiquorum'' Sch (Saonjo)
* ''[[Colocasia esculenta]]'' (Linné) Schot var. ''aquatilis'' (Saonjon-drano)
* ''[[Combretum coccineum]]'' -- halaitra
* ''Combretum micrantum'' G. Don (Kankiliba)
* ''[[Commelina benghalensis]]'' -- tsimativonoina
* ''[[Commelina diffusa]]'' -- ahidimaño, tsimativonoina.
* ''Commelina madagascariensis'' Clarke (Nifinankanga)
* ''Commelina nudiflora'' Linné (Tsimativonoina)
* ''[[Commiphora madagascariensis]]''
* ''[[Commiphora simplicifolia]]'' -- daro, fantsakatsa, fatsakatsa, mangory, sangatsy, sengatsy
* ''Conyza aegyptiaca'' Aiton (DC) (Kelivoloina II)
* ''Conyza garnieri'' Klatt (Miandramidrika)
* ''Conyza hitella'' A. de Candolle (Dingandingantahalaka)
* ''Cosmos bipinnatus'' Linné (Cosmos)
* ''Craspidospermum verticillatum'' Bojer (Vandrika)
* ''Crassocephalum bojeri'' (DC) Robyns (Kimalahona)
* ''Crassocephalum rubens'' (Jacquin) Sp Moore (Anandrambo)
* ''Crassocephalum sarcobasis'' DC (Anandrambo)
* ''Crinum asiaticum'' Roxb (Tsitsaontsaona)
* ''Crotalaria diosmaefolia'' Bentham. (Voatelinondry).
* ''Crotalaria fulva'' Roxberg. (Crotalaria fulva Roxberg).
* ''[[Crotalaria retusa]]'' Linné -- akondrojaza, akondrongolo, ambarivatrindolo, amberivatrindolo, &lt;u&gt;ambiatindolo&lt;/u&gt;, ambiatrindolo, andriambavibe, bosy, diankazolahy, faliakoho, famonoakoho, hintsakintsaka, kinesakinesa, kinsakinsa, kitsakitsanakoho, kitsakitsanankizy, kitsakitsandomohina, mangakely, tsiakondroakondro, tsimembo, tsingirigiry, 116 voapika
* ''Crotalaria saltiana'' Andrew. (Ambiatrimbohitra).
* ''Crotalaria'' sp. (Hazongaga II).
* ''Crotalaria striata'' DC. (Voakirintsana).
* ''Crotalaria tenuis'' Baker. (Foko).
* ''Crotalaria xanthoclada'' Bojer. (Maitsoririnina I).
* ''Croton catatii'' Baillon. (Andriambolafotsy)
* ''[[Croton dichogamus]]''
* ''[[Croton malgassicus]]''
* ''[[Croton noronhae]]'' -- andriambavifoty, anizety, fanafa, fotsiavadika, fotsiavady, kitimaroanaka, ndriambolafotsy
* ''Croton sp.'' (Somorona hazo)
* ''Croton stannaeum'' Baillon (Sily)
* ''Cucurbita maxima'' Linné (Voatavo)
* ''[[Cucumis melo|Cucurmis melo]]'' L. (Voatango vavy)
* ''[[Cucurmis sativus]]'' L. (Voatango lahy)
* ''[[Tamotamo|Curcuma longa]]'' L. -- gingisy, gingiza, &lt;u&gt;tamotamo&lt;/u&gt;, vaza, vogotany
* ''[[Curcuma zedoaria]]'' --
* ''[[Cussonia bojeri]]'' -- hazongoaika, hazotsara, tsiahilika, tsingila, tsingilo
* ''Cussonia fraxinifolia'' Baker (Vatsilana)
* ''[[Cussonia spicata]]''
* ''Cyanotis nodiflora'' Kunt (Evonevona)
* ''Cyathula cylindrica'' (Bojer) Moquin (Tangongona)
* ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' -- veromanitra, fantakamanitra, fatakamanitra, fiahana, fiehana, verofehana, verofehina, veromafaika.
* ''[[Cymbopogon nardus]]''
* ''Cynanchum andrigitrense'' Choux (Vahinato)
* ''Cynara scolimus'' L. (Artichaut)
* ''[[Cynodon dactylon]]'' Pers -- arampandrotra, arapandrotra, fandrahana, fandropalana, fandrotrarana, fandrotsana, firifiry, &lt;u&gt;horomainty&lt;/u&gt;, kidesy, kidresy, kindrese, kindresy, ladintrambo, rampadrotsa, rapandrotra, vahitsitafitahady, vandrahana, volonaondry, volotsaka
* ''Cynoglossum rochelia'' DC (Anamaoty)
* ''[[Cyperus articulatus]]'' Linné -- bitono, &lt;u&gt;mita&lt;/u&gt;, mito, moita, tsimitamita, vondoha
* ''Cyperus compactus'' Lamarck (Fitohizam-balala)
* ''Cyperus distans'' L.F. (Kirindrambohitra II)
* ''[[Cyperus esculentus]]'' -- karekika, karepoka
* ''Cyperus madagascariensis'' Roemer et Schultze (Vendramparihy, Zozoro)
* ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''
* ''[[Cyphostemma microdipterum]]'' (Baker) Descoings -- famakientana, &lt;u&gt;vahy famakientana&lt;/u&gt;

=== D ===

* ''Dactyloctenium aegypticum'' (Linné) P. Beauv (Ahitrombilahy)
* ''Dalbergia purpurascens'' Baillon. (Hitsika).
* ''Dalbergia'' sp. (Lanary).
* ''Dalechampia clematidifolia'' Bojer (Teloravina)
* ''Danais cernua'' Baker. (Bongontany)
* ''Danais volubilis'' Baker. (Bongon-drano)
* ''Datura alba'' et ''Datura tatula'' Linné. (Ramiary / Roingivy)
* ''Datura arborea'' Linné. (Datura)
* ''Desmodium cajanifolium''. (Olana).
* ''Desmodium canum'' SCHI et THEL. (Tsilavondrivotra).
* ''Desmodium lasiocarpum'' Decaryi. (Lambohenjana).
* ''Desmodium salicifolium'' DC. (Voapidrano).
* ''Desmodium triflorum'' DC. (Voapibohitra).
* ''Dianella ensifolia'' (L.) Redouté. (Kivondrombohitra)
* ''Dichaetanthera cordifolia'' Baker. (Voatrotraka)
* ''Dichaetanthera'' sp. (Hidina)
* ''Dichapetalum chlorinum'' (Tul) Engler. (Voambahimazana)
* ''Dichondra repens'' Forst (Telafoetra)
* ''Dichrocephala latifolia'' DC (Ahibihidrina)
* ''Dicoryphe viticoides'' Baker (Tsitsihina)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Benth. (Famahatra)
* ''Didrostachys tenuifolia'' Bentham. (Roimainty II)
* ''Dilobeia thouarsii'' R. et S. (Ramandriana)
* ''Diodia sarmentosa'' Sweet. (Leiamenarana)
* ''[[Dioscorea macabiha]]'' Jumelle et Perrier (Babangy)
* ''[[Dioscorea oviala]]'' Baker (Oviala)
* ''Diospyros sp.'' (Hazondriana)
* ''Dodonaea madagascariensis'' Radlkofer. (Tsitoavana) ;
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Fimpona)
* ''Dombeya'' sp. (Satrikoefamaratra)
* ''Dracaena reflexa'' Baker. (Tavola)
* ''Dracaena'' sp. (Hasina madinidravina)
* ''[[Drosera madagascariensis]]'' ''--''
* ''[[Drosera ramanitacea]]'' Burchell. -- kimatanandro, mahatanando, &lt;u&gt;mahatanandomena&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Drymaria cordata'' Willd (Anantarika)

=== E ===

* ''Elaeodendron sp.'' (Hazondrano II et III)
* ''Eleodendron oliganthum'' Baker (Fanazava I)
* ''Eleonorus tristis'' Hackel (Ahitsoritra)
* ''Elephantus scaper'' L. (Tambakotambako)
* ''Embelia concinna'' Baker. (Takasina) ;
* ''Embelia nummulariofolia'' Baker. (Tanterakala Vavy) ;
* ''Embelia obovata'' Mez. (Tanterakala) ;
* ''Embelia pyrifolia'' Wild. (Tanterakala Lahy) ;
* ''Emilia bathiaei'' H. Humbert (Anamananajary)
* ''Emilia citrina'' DC (Tsiontsiona)
* ''Emilia graminea'' DC (Anantahalaka II)
* ''[[Entada abyssinica]]'' (Vahikarabo)
* ''[[Entada chrysostachys]]'' (Sweet) Drake. (Fano)
* ''[[Enterospermum madagascariense]]'' -- masanjoana, masinjany, masinjoana, masonjana
* ''Epallage anemonifolia'' DC (Anjavidy vavy)
* ''Epallage dentata'' DC (Mafaitraty)
* ''Equisetum rainosissimum'' Desf. (Kitohitohy)
* ''Erigeron naudinii'' Bonnier (Aferontanimbohira madinika, Ahibahiny)
* ''Eriobotrya japonica'' Lindl. (Bibasy) ;
* ''Eriocaulon bifistulozum'' von Heurck (Kisangandrano vavy)
* ''Eriosema procumbens'' Benth. (Fokondantra).
* ''Erythroxylum discolor'' Bojer. (Taimboalavo)
* ''Erythroxylum ferrugineum'' Cav. (Malaimbovony)
* ''Erythroxylum gerardii'' Baker (Fanjoana)
* ''Eucalyptus'' sp. (Kininimboasary)
* ''Eucalyptus'' spp. -- kininina
* ''Eugenia aromatica'' Linné. (Jirofo) ;
* ''Eugenia cyclophylla'' Baker. (Voaoriory).
* ''[[Eugenia jambolana]]'' L. -- rotra, &lt;u&gt;robazaha&lt;/u&gt;, rotrambazaha, rotravazaha, varotra
* ''Eugenia phillyreaefolia'' Baker. (Rotra)
* ''Eulalia villosa'' (Thunb) Nees (Mafáibaratra)
* ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo)
* ''Euphorbia (section Tithymalus) emirnense'' Baker. (Fanovony)
* ''[[Euphorbia hirta]]'' Linné -- ahidinono, ahidronono, aidinono, fampinonoana, kironono, tambavy, tanampotsihelika, tsimenamena, &lt;u&gt;zanraobera&lt;/u&gt; (Jean Robert II)
* [[Euphorbia thymifolia|''Euphorbia'' ''thymifolia'']] Linné (Jean Robert I)
* ''Euphorbia tulasneana'' Baillon. (Harina)
* ''Evodia madagascariensis'' Baker. (Ampody madinika) ;
* ''Evonymus elaeodendroides'' Loesener (Rangy)
* ''Exacum quinquenervium'' Grisebach (Aferontany hazo)
* ''Exacum tsimihety'' H. Humbert (Betarosa)

=== F ===

* ''Faureo forficuliflora'' Baker. (Hazombaroa) ;
* ''[[Ficus apodocephale]]'' Baker. (Voarabe).
* ''[[Ficus baroni]]'' -- amonta, amontambavy, amontana, amontandahy, aviavindahy, hafotra, nohondahy, nonokaberavina, nonokorovana, nonondahy, nonosay, voara, voarabe
* ''Ficus megapoda'' Baker (→''[[Ficus polita]]'') (Aviavy, ''Mananona'')
* ''Ficus melleri'' Baker. (Nonoka Beravina) ;
* ''Ficus polyphlebia'' Baker. (Fompohona)
* ''Ficus pyrifolia'' Lam. (Nonoka madinidravina)
* ''Ficus soroceoides'' Baker. (Ampaly)
* ''Ficus'' ''trichopoda'' Baker. (Aviavy)
* ''[[Flacourtia indica]]'' (← ''Flacourtia ramontchi'' l'Hérit.) (Lamoty)
* ''Flagellaria indica'' L. (Vahipika)
* ''Floscopa glomeraia'' Hasskarl (Mahaleomitatao)

=== G ===

* ''Geisoriza bojeri'' Baker (Tongolombato II)
* ''Geranium simense'' Hochstetter (Mahatanandofotsy II)
* ''Gerbera elliptica'' Humbert (Fotsiavadika, Kelivoloina I)
* ''Gerbera hypochaeridoides'' Baker (Marovatra)
* ''Gladiolus garniera'' Klatt (Kisesidahy)
* ''Glochidion oreichtitum'' J. Leand. (Ahidratsy)
* ''Gnaphalium luteo album'' L. (Ahipotsy II)
* ''Gnidia danguyana'' Leandri. (Avoha)
* ''Gomphocarpus cornutus'' Decaisne (Fanory)
* ''[[Gomphocarpus fruticosus]]'' -- fandemy, faniry, fanoro, matsivina, poaka, tandemy, voamasivena
* ''Grewia'' sp. (Mandrianketra) ; ''Grewia lavalanensis'' H. Bn. (Saily).
* ''Gunnera perpansa'' L. (Tangina)
* ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'' -- [[ambiaty]]
* ''[[Gymnosporia commiphoroides]]'' H. Perr (Roitsokina)
* ''Gymnosporia divaricata'' Baker (Fantsimbala II)
* ''[[Gymnosporia linearis]]'' (Linné fils) Loesener (Tsingilofilo)
* ''Gymnosporia trigyna'' (Lamarck) Baker (Volanany)

=== H ===

* ''Halleria ligustrifolia'' Baker. (Sesesoy) ;
* ''Hartogiopsis trilobocarpa'' H. Perr (Befaroraotra)
* ''[[Harungana madagascariensis]]'' (← ''Haronga madagascariensis'' Choisy) -- arongana, dity, fahotra, fohatra, haringana, haronga, harongambato, &lt;u&gt;harongana&lt;/u&gt;, miangaroka
* ''Helichrysum abbayesei'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana vavy)
* ''Helichrysum cordifolium'' DC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum delicatissimum'' Humbert (Ahitrandriana lahy, Sesinkondana)
* ''Helichrysum faradifani'' Scott Ellicot (Ahibalala)
* ''[[Helichrysum gymnocephalum]]'' Humbert -- rambazina, rambiasina, &lt;u&gt;rambiazina&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Helichrysum hypnoides'' Viguier et Humbert (Tsantsambaitra III)
* ''Helichrysum indutum'' Humbert (Ahipotsy I)
* ''Helichrysum microcephalum'' ADC (Tsimanandra madinika)
* ''Helichrysum plantago'' ADC (Soatsamay)
* ''Helichrysum rusillonii'' Hochreutiner (Ahibalala)
* ''Helichrysum selaginifolium'' Vig et Humbert (Sava)
* ''Helichrysum sp.'' (Tsantsambaitra II)
* ''Helichrysum subumbellatum'' H. Humbert (Kijanonovoy)
* ''Helichrysum viguieri'' et ''ambositrense'' H. Humbert (Maimboakondro)
* ''Hibiscus caerulescens'' H. Bn. (Hafotsokina I)
* ''Hibiscus diversifolius'' Jacquin. (Roimainty) ;
* ''Hieracium capense'' Linné (Anantahalaka I)
* ''Hieracium madagascariensis'' DC (Kiramborambo)
* ''Homalium axillare'' (Lamarck) Bentham (Hazombato)
* ''Homalium oppositofolium'' Baillon (Tavolo rano)
* ''Hydrocotyle bonariensis'' Lam. (Kiatondra fotsy) ;
* ''Hydrocotyle hirta'' R. Br. ex A. Richard. (Viliabetsahona).
* ''Hydrocotyle ranunculoides'' Linné fils. (Telafoetrandrano) ;
* ''Hydrostachys goudotiana'' A. Juss. (Mandriandrano)
* ''Hylocereus triangularis'' Britt (Tsiloteloriana)
* ''Hyparrhonia rufa'' Stapf. (Veroferana)
* ''Hypericum japonicum'' Thunb (Famalhaihaihana lahy)
** ''Hypericum japonicum'' var ''crispum'' Thunb (Betoerana)
* ''Hypericum lalandii'' Choisy (Kianikanika)
* ''Hypoestes calaminthoides'' Baker (Sarikimalaho I)
* ''Hypoxis angustifolia'' Lamarck (Saonjonimpanaraka)
* ''Hyptis pectinata'' Poiteau (Afolava)
* ''Hyptis spicigera'' Bojer (Afolava antahalaka)

=== I ===

* ''Ichnocarpus frutescens''
* ''[[Ilex mitis]] --'' hazondrano, kamasina, lampivahitry, lampivato, lapivahatra, manofotrakoho, monofotrakoho, nofotrakoho, talate, timpantrozona, tsialefitra, tsimendretsa, tsimidretra, tsimidretsa, tsimitety, tsimitretra, valolahy
* ''Ilysanthes rotundifolia'' L. (Voanjomanga madinika an-tanety).
* ''Impatiens firmula'' Baker (Silamoridrano)
* ''Impatiens sp.'' (Kivolavola, Volavolanandrongo)
* ''[[Imperata cylindrica]]'' Beauv -- antsoro, fakatenina, fehana, manevika, saingona, &lt;u&gt;tenina&lt;/u&gt;, tenona, tsevoka
* ''[[Indigofera arrecta]] Hochstetter'' ''--'' &lt;u&gt;aika&lt;/u&gt;, engitra
* ''Indigofera bojeri'' Baker. (Kijanolambala).
* ''Indigofera glabra'' Linné. (Aika lahy).
* ''Indigofera leucoclada'' Baker. (Fisatendro).
* ''Indigofera mimosella'' Baillon. (Kiotsiotsiotany Lahy).
* ''Indigofera pedunculata'' Baker. (Aika mena).
* ''Indigofera'' sp. (Maitsokely).
* ''[[Indigofera spicata]]''
* ''Indigofera stenossepala'' Baker. (Kiotsiotsiotany Vavy).
* ''[[Indigofera suffruticosa]] -''- aika, engitra, hengitra
* ''[[Indigofera tinctoria]]'' -- aika, angitra, engitra, fangira, fatotra, hengitra, kitsakitsa, lefitra, netsy, tapisakondry
* ''Indigofora'' ''bojeri'' Baker (Kijanom-balala)
* ''Inula perrieri'' Humbert Matfeld (Lelanomby)
* ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]] --'' antarika
* ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]''  Lam. -- &lt;u&gt;vomanga&lt;/u&gt;, bageda, bokala
* ''Ipomoea beraviensis'' Vatke (Vahindranavavy)
* ''Ipomoea desmophylla'' Choisy (Kifolona)
* ''Ipomoea medium'' Choisy (Vanjitra)
* ''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' L. ''--'' lalanda, lalandandriaka, lalandana
* ''Iresine herbstii'' (= ''Iresine diffusa'' f. ''herbstii'')
* ''Iresine lindenii'' Hook (Belohalika)
* ''[[Isolona madagascariensis]]'' -- ambary, kililo, ombary, ombavy, roimbary, roimbavy
* ''Ixora coccinea''
* ''Ixora neriifolia''
* ''Ixora perrieri''

=== J ===

* ''[[Savoa|Jatropha curcas]]'' L. (Kinanomena)
* ''[[Jussiaea repens]]'' Linné. (Kiatondra) ;
* ''[[Justitia tenella]]'' T. Anders (Solidandrano)

=== K ===

* ''[[Kalanchoe laxiflora]]'' Baker (Kilenga)
* ''[[Kalanchoe orgyalis]]'' Baker (Toareny Hazo)
* ''[[Kalanchoe pannosa]]'' Baker (Rengirengy)
* ''[[Kalanchoe prolifera]]'' R. Hamet (Sodifafana)
* ''[[Kaliphora madagascariensis]]'' Hook fils. (Ranendo)
* ''[[Keraudrenia macrantha]]'' (H. Bn) J. Arines. (Siandahy).
* ''[[Kostletzkya adoensis]]'' (A. Rich) Mast. (Kotose) ;

=== L ===

* ''Labramia costata'' (Hartog) Aubréville. (Votodingana).
* ''Lactuca indica'' L. (Beroberoka)
* ''Lagarosiphon madagascariensis'' Caspary (Kisangandrano)
* ''Lagenaria siceraria'' (Molina) Standley (Voatavo Giga)
* ''Laggera alata'' Linné (Arasoy)
* ''[[Lantana camara]]'' Linné.-- radredreka, [[Radriaka|&lt;u&gt;radriaka&lt;/u&gt;]], riadriatra, taindelontsinoa
* ''Laportea amberana'' (Baker) Leandri. (Ambera) ;
* ''Lasiosiphon decaryi''. (Hazomalafana).
* ''Lasiosiphon perrieri'' Leandri. (Avohambohitra) ;
* ''Lathraeocarpa acicularis'' Bremeka mp. (Tsimarofy)
* ''Laurembergia madagascariensis'' Schindler (Kalabotretra lahy)
* ''Laurembergia veronicifolia'' (Bory) Schindler (Kiatondra mena)
* ''Lautembergia ankafinensis'' Baillon Pax et Hoff (Kinanafotsy)
* ''Lautembergia sp.'' (Karambito Vavy)
* ''Lebeckia retamoides'' Baker. (Rongalahy).
* ''Lemna paucicostata'' Linné. (Manotopotsy).
* ''[[Leonotis nepetifolia]]'' -- halanjanahary, hazonjanahary, kilanjananahary, kitsotsoka, lanjalanjananahary, &lt;u&gt;lanjambola&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Leptolaena pauciflora'' Baker (Larokaitkana)
* ''Linociera tropophylla'' Perrier de la Bathie. (Tsilambozana).
* ''Lippia citriodora'' Linné. (Kinina Oliva) ;
* ''Lissochilus plantagineus'' H. Perr. (Tongolombato I) ;
* ''Lissochilus vaginatum'' n.n. = ''Eulophia madagascariensis'' Kranzl. (Tongolomboalavo) ;
* ''Lobelia filiformis'' Lamarck. (Kimangamanga).
* ''Lophotocarpus guyanensis'' Michaux (Vilahy betsahona am-parihy)
* ''Loudetia madagascariensis'' (Baker) Bosser (Menariana)
* ''Ludwigia abyssinica'' A. Richard. (Kiatondra lahy) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis'' (Jacquin) Raven. (Molalia) ;
* ''Ludwigia octovalvis s. espèce sessiliflora'' (J.) Raven. (Voangindrano I).
* ''Lycopodiella cernua'' (L.) Pichi Sermolli. (Tongotsokina).
* ''Lycopodium clavatum'' Linné. (Tongotsokina) ;
* ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' Desv. -- famatotrakanga, &lt;u&gt;fandrikakanga&lt;/u&gt;, karakarantoloho, karakaratoloho, kidito
* ''Lysimachia rhumeriana'' Vatke. (Voahangindrano II).

=== M ===

* ''Macaranga cf alnifolia'' Baker (Mokanarana)
* ''Macaranga cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Fananimena)
* ''Macaranga cuspidata'' Baillon. (Aposa)
* ''Macaranga mongue'' Baillon (Mongy)
* ''Macaranga ribesioides'' Baker var. ''longifolia'' Leandri (Karambito I)
* ''Macaranga sphaerophylla'' Baker (Mongofasina)
* ''Maerua filiformis'' Drake (Somangy)
* ''Maesa trichophlebie'' Baker. (Voarafy).
* ''Malva verticillata'' Linné. (Miakany) ;
* ''Mangifera indica'' L. (Manga)
* ''Manihot utilissima'' Pohl. (Mangahazo)
* ''Marattia microcarpa'' Mett. (Tsipaho II (à grandes feuilles)).
* ''Marchantia sp.'' (Vahohotany)
* ''Mariscus sp.'' (Kirindrambohitra I)
* ''Mascarenhasia arborescens'' DC var. ''geayi'' (Costantin et Dubois) Boiteau (Kidroa)
* ''Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora'' (Bojer) ADC (Befaroraotra II)
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Takasina II) ;
* ''Medinilla'' sp. (Voatotongana) ;
* ''[[Melaleuca quinquenervia]]'' -- niaoly
* ''Melanthera'' sp. (Karaoty soavaly) ;
* ''Melia azedarach'' Linné. (Voandelaka)
* ''Melinis minutiflora'' Palisot de Beauvois (Menakapaha)
* ''Mentha sp.'' (Solila)
* ''Mesanthemum rutenbergianum'' Kornicke (Fotsivolo)
* ''Micranthus oppositifolius'' Wendland (Sarikimalaho II)
* ''Micromeria flagellaris'' Baker (Ahibandana)
* ''Micronychia tsaratana'' (Baker) Capuron anc. Rhus (Tarentana)
* ''Mimosa latispinosa'' Lamarck. (Roikina / Roimainty III) ;
* ''Mimosa pudica'' Linné. (Ramirena) ;
* ''Mimulus madagascariensis'' Bentham. (Voanjomanga lahy) ;
* ''Mohria caffrorum'' Desvaux. (Manilahy).
* ''Mollugo nudicaulis ficoides'' Lamarck. (Aferontany).
* ''[[Momordica charantia]]'' -- mafaibe, [[Margôzy|margôza]], margôzy
* ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' -- anambo, anamorongo, ananaboringa, [[ananambo]], felikambo, felikamoranga, felinimorongovazaha, landihazo, moringa, morongo, morongy, soahazo
* ''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' DC. (Takilotra).
* ''Muhlenbeckia platyclada'' Meisner. (Tavy Hasina).
* ''Mundulea barclayi'' (Telfair) Viguier. (Fanamo I).
* ''Mundulea pauciflora'' Baker. (Ranongoaka II).
* ''Mundulea sericea'' (Will) Chevalier. (Fanamo II).
* ''Mundulea suberosa'' Bentham. (Ranongoaka I).
* ''[[Musa sapientium]]'' Linné. (Akondro).
* ''Mussaenda arcuata'' Poiret. (Tsantsambaitra / Tsikirity)
* ''Mussaenda vestita'' Baker. (Fatora)
* ''Myrica bojariana'' Baker. (Lakarano) ;
* ''Myrica rugulosa'' Baillon. (Sorabatana).
* ''Myrica spathulata'' Mirbel. (Sarindrahaika) ;
* ''Myrothamnus moschatus'' Niedenzu. (Maharaoka).
* ''Mystroxylon aethiopicum'' (Thunb.) Loesener (Fanazava II)

=== N ===

* ''Nasturtium barbareaeafolium'' Baker (Tomoa)
* ''Nasturtium officinale'' R. Br. (Anandrano)
* ''Nastus borbonicus'' J.F. Gmelin (Volo)
* ''Nauclea cuspidata'' Baker. (Voamalompangady)
* ''Nelsonia campestris'' R. Brown (Sirasirakanify)
* ''Nematostylis loranthoides'' Hook. (Maroatody)
* ''Neotina isoneura'' (Radlk) Capuron. (Ody Fo) ;
* ''[[Nepenthes madagascariensis]]'' Poir. (Berakotra).
* ''[[Nephelium let-chi]]'' Camb. (Latosy) ;
* ''Nephrolepis tuberosa'' (Bory) Prantl. (Kivainga) ;
* ''Nesogenes glandulosus'' (sp) (Scott Elliot) Wildr. (Tamboronomby) ;
* ''Neyraudia arundinacea'' (L.) Henrard (anc. ''arundo mad.'') (Fataka)
* ''Nicandra physaloides'' Gaertner. (Gaboreda)
* ''Nicholsonia barbata'' (Linné) De Candolle. (Vonjy).
* ''Nicholsonia diversifolium'' Poiret. (Vonjy lahy).
* ''Nicotiana tabacum'' Linné. (Paraky gasy)
* ''Nidorella chrysocoma'' DC (Angamay)
* ''[[Noronhia]]'' spp. -- laitra, tsilaitra
* ''Nuxia grandifolia'' Scott Elliot. (Lambinana Tambonaika) ;
* ''Nuxia oppositifolia'' (Hochst) Bentham. (Lambinana (Btl)) ;
* ''Nuxia pachyphylla'' Baker. (Hazongaga) ;
* ''Nuxia verticillata'' Lamarck. (Lambinana (Aga)) ;
* ''Nymphea stelleata'' Willd. (Tatamo).

=== O ===

* ''Ocimum canum'' Sims (Kirijana)
* ''Ocimum gratissimum'' Linné (Romban' akoho)
* ''[[Ocimum suave]]'' na ''[[Ocimum gratissimum]]'' -- rombabe, romby
* ''Oldenlandia caffra'' Eyckl et Zeyh. (→ ''[[Cordylostigma virgatum]]'') (Ahibitsika) -- kimalomata, matoakely, rongonintany, tsipipika, voandrongonitany 
* ''Oldenlandia heynii'' Oliver. (Arintany)
* ''Oliganthes pseudocentauropsis'' Humbert (Hazomboay)
* ''Oncostemon'' sp. (Hazotohodahy) ;
* ''Ophicolea floribunda'' (Bojer) Perrier (Voalava)
* ''Ophio glossum''. (Tokan-tsofina) ;
* ''Opuntia ficusindica'' Linné (Raketa)
* ''Ottelia ulvae folia'' Buch (Lopatra)
* ''Oxalis corniculata'' Linné. (Kimamy).

=== P ===

* ''Pachypodium brevicaule'' Baker (Sakarivombato)
* ''Pachytrophe dimepata'' Bureau. (Mahanoro lahy) ;
* ''Paederia argentea'' A. Richard. (Kotrokantsina)
* ''Pandanus utilis'' Bory. (Vakoana).
* ''Passiflora stipulata'' Aublet. (Giranadela) ;
* ''Paullinia pinnata'' L. (Vahy Famehivala).
* ''Pavonia bojeri'' Baker. (Hafotrakanga) ;
* ''Pavonia urens'' Linné. (Tsontsona).
* ''Pellaea goudotii'' Kuntz var. ''compacta'' Bonaparte (Ampangavy)
* ''Pellaea viridis'' (Forok) Prantl (Ampanganamalon'a)
* ''Pentanisia veronicoides'' Baker. (Voalobotany)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Tandrokosy II)
* ''Pentopetia androsaemifolia'' Decaisne (Vahitandrokosy)
* ''Peperomia baronii'' Baker. (Toareny) ;
* ''Peperomia'' sp. (Toareny vavy) ;
* ''Persea gratissima'' Gaert. (Zavoka).
* ''Peucedanum capense'' Sonder. (Fanivapotsy) ;
* ''Phaseolus'' sp. (Vahinondry).
* ''Phellolophium madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tsileondroaho) ;
* ''Philippia sp.'' (Anjavidy lahy, Kiringy, Kisia)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Soy Will var. ''madagascariensis'' Leandri (Repika)
* ''Phyllanthus casticum'' Willd et decipiens (Baillon) Muller d'Argovie (Hazotanalahy)
* ''Phyllanthus cf echinocarpa'' Baker. (Haga)
* ''Phyllanthus nummulariaefolius'' Poiret (Rimorimo)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Antilafoetra)
* ''Phyllanthus sp.'' (Hazotana)
* ''Phyllarton bojerianum'' DC (Zahana)
* ''Phymatodes scolopendria'' (Burm) Ching. (Tsiampanga).
* ''Physalis alkekengii''. (Kelimatoa)
* ''Physalis peruviana'' Linné. (Voanantsindrana)
* ''Physena madagascariensis'' Noronba ex Thouars (Resonjo)
* ''Phytolacca abyssinica'' Jacquin. (Vahivoraka).
* ''Phytolacca dodecandra'' l'Heritier. (Tambonoa II) ;
* ''Phytolacca goudotii'' Briq. (Mandemoka) ;
* ''Pigeum africanum'' Hooker fils. (Sary) ;
* ''Pimpinella ebracteata'' Baker. (Aferontanimbohitra) ;
* ''Piper cubeba'' Linné. (Betel marron) ;
* ''Piper nigrum'' Linné. (Poivre) ;
* ''Piper pyrifolium'' Vahl. (Tsiperifery) ;
* ''Piper subpeltatum'' Willd. (Voanotonotra).
* ''Pistia stratiotes'' Linné (Azafy)
* ''Pithecellobium dulce'' Bentham. (Kilimbazaha) ;
* ''Plantago tanalensis'' Baker. (Azafimbohitra).
* ''Plectaneia elastica'' Jumelle et Perrier (Vahitsipilo)
* ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' --
* ''Plectranthus hoslundioides'' Scott Elliot (Felantanitely)
* ''Plectranthus madagascariensis'' Benth (Farimaso)
* ''Plectronia'' sp. (Tomenjana)
* ''Plumeria alba'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Plumeria'' ''rosea'' Linné (Frangipanier)
* ''Poivrea coccinea'' DC (Halaitra)
* ''Poivrea phaneropetala'' H. Perrier (Tamenaka)
* ''Polycline proteiformis'' H. Humbert (Jiramainty)
* ''Polygonum lanigerum'' R. Br. (Tambonoa) ;
* ''Polygonum senegalense'' Meisner. (Arivotaombelona) ;
* ''Polyscias sp.'' (Hazotsora, Tsingatry)
* ''Polystachia'' sp. (Valily lahy) ;
* ''Portulaca oleracea'' L. (Kalabotretraka).
* ''Potamogeton javanicus'' Hasskarl. (Somotra Hakàka).
* ''Pothos chapelieri'' Scot (Ramatsatso I)
* ''[[Prunus africana]]'' na ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' -- paisoala, saripaiso
* ''[[Psiadia altissima]]'' -- dingadinga, dingadingambazaha, dingadingana, dingandingana, mantavazana, rinarina, voaramonina
* ''Psidium cattleyanum'' Sabine. (Goavy tsinahy) ;
* ''[[Psidium guajava]]'' -- angavo, gavo, gavy, goava, goavy
* ''Psidium pomiferum'' Linné. (Goavy fotsy) ;
* ''Psindia angustifolia'' H. Humbert (Dingandahy)
* ''Psindia salviaefolia'' Baker (Kimalahogasy)
* ''Psorospermum androsaemifolium'' Baker (Tsifady II)
* ''Psorospermum cerasifolium'' Baker (Hazomafaitra)
* ''Psorospermum Fanerana'' Baker (Tsifady I)
* ''Psorospermum sp.'' (Tsifady lahy)
* ''Psychotria'' sp. (Voamasondrainibe)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Aniandro)
* ''Pterocolon decurrens'' S. Moore (Parakinjirika)
* ''Punica granatum'' Linné. (Ampongambendanitra)
* ''Pycnoneurum junciforme'' Decaisne (Fokotohata)
* ''Pycreus mundtii'' Nees. (Ahibita)
* ''Pycreus polystachyus'' P. Beauvais
* ''Pycreus sp.'' (Lohakoho)
* ''[[Pygeum africanum]]'' (= ''[[Prunus africana]]'')
* &lt;u&gt;''Pyracantha'' sp. ou ''Crataegus'' sp. (petites mandarines);&lt;/u&gt;

=== Q ===

=== R ===

* ''Radamaea montana'' Benth. (Tambarasaha) ;
* ''Ranunculus pinnatus'' Poiret. (Afontany) ;
* ''[[Ravensara aromatica]]'' -- avozo, havozomangidy, havozomanitra, hazomanga, hazomangalahy, hazomanitra, laposinty, ravintsara, tavolomanitra, voaravintsara
* ''[[Ravensara ovalifolia]]'' Danguy. (Molaliambo) ;
* ''Reissantia angustipetala'' (H. Perrier) N. Hallé (Anc. ''Hippocratea'') (Fanolehana I)
* ''Rhodocodon madagascariensis'' Baker. (Tongolontotozy) ;
* ''Rhodosepala pauciflora'' Baker. (Tamborokisoa) ;
* ''[[Kinana|Ricinus communis]]'' Linné -- kinana, kinanamena (, Mangarahana)
* ''Rubus apetalus'' Poiret. (Roifotsy) ;
* ''Rubus pauciflorus'' Baker. (Roimainty II) ;
* ''Rubus rosaefolius'' (Linné) Baker. (Voaroitsaka).
* ''Rumex bequaertii'' de Wildemann. (Bolela) ; 

=== S ===

* ''Sabaea brachyphylla'' Grisebach (Tsakomanta lahy)
* ''Sabicea diversifolia'' Persoon. (Sefa)
* ''Salix madagascariensis'' Baker. (Siho).
* ''Salvadora angustifolia'' Turill. (Sasavy).
* ''[[Salvia coccinea]]'' Linné (Romba madinika)
* ''Salvia cryptoclada'' Baker (Kanda II)
* ''Sarcobotrya stringosa'' (Benth) R. Viguier. (Voavoananakova).
* ''Satyrium'' sp. et ''Cynorchis'' sp. (Voatadidy).
* ''Schefflera bojeri'' (Seeman) Viguier (Alomanaka)
* ''Schefflera helleana'' Bernadi (Tsingila)
* ''Schefflera longepedicellata'' (Lecomte) Bernadi (Felatanamanahary)
* ''Scleria griegifolia'' (Riedley) Raynal (Kirindrambohitra, Kirindrandrano, Ravindahasa)
* ''Sclerocarya caffra'' Sond (Sakoa)
* ''Scoparia dulcis'' L. (Fafatsambo / Tsiijaia) ;
* ''Secamone glaberrima'' (K. Sch) Choux (Vahimena)
* ''Secamone tenuifolia'' (Kindrono, Sanatry)
* ''Selaginella fissidentoides''. (Tanantrandraka II).
* ''Selago muralis'' Linné. (Manahahàha) ;
* ''Senebiera didyma'' Pers. (Tsingita)
* ''Senecio ambositrensis'' Humbert (Hanindraisoanampondra)
* ''Senecio canaliculatus'' Bojer ex DC (Kelimavítrika)
* ''Senecio cochlearifolius'' Bojer ex DC (Anjevy)
* ''Senecio decaryi'' Humbert (Rambontsoavaly II)
* ''Senecio faujasioides'' Linné (Kimamboiboy)
* ''Senecio hildebrandtii'' Baker (Rambontsoavaly I)
* ''Senecio longiscapus'' Bojer ex DC (Menavitrana)
* ''Senecio multibracreatus'' Bak (Angeambohitra)
* ''Senecio resectus'' Bojer ex DC (Ahipanala)
* ''Senecio vittarifolius'' Bojer in DC (Anantsongontany)
* ''Senna fistula'' (= ''Cassia fistula'')
* ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' (← ''Cassia occidentalis'') ''--'' saringoazy, tsatsinangatra, tsirokinangatra, tsirorokanangatra, tsorokanangatra, tsororangatra, tsotsorinangatra, vantsiraokonangatra, voanembanalika, voanembanamboa, voanjary, voantsiraokonangatra, voantsirokinimaro, voantsiroko, voantsorokanangatra, voatsokonangatra, vonjara
* ''Sepramacoce ocymoides'' Burman. (Ambotona)
* ''Sesamum indicum'' DC. (Voanaho).
* ''Sesbania punctata'' DC. (Katsakatsaka).
* ''Sida parvifolia'' DC. (Mandravasarotra vavy) ;
* ''Sida urens'' Linné. (Satrikoefamaratra / Sindahoro) ;
* ''Siegesbeckia abyssinica'' Olivier (Kiravita)
* ''[[Siegesbeckia orientalis]]'' Linné -- &lt;u&gt;ditinangatra&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;Fanisindoloratsy&lt;/u&gt;, mandalodiaraikitra, satrikoazamaratra, satrikoefamaratra, tsivadihana
* ''Smilax kraussiana'' Meiss. (Fandrikibodisy).
* ''Smithia chamaechrista'' Benth. (Fanivamena).
* ''[[Solanum aethiopicum]]'' --
* ''Solanum auricula tum'' Ait. (Sevabe)
* ''Solanum erythracantum'' Baker. (Sakaifantsinakohoy)
* ''Solanum indicum'' Linné. (Voampoana / Voanatindrana)
* ''Solanum nigrum'' Linné. (Anamafaika / Anamamy)
* ''Solanum nodiflorum'' jacquin. (Anamamy)
* ''Solanum'' sp. (Voanjomora)
* ''Sonchus oleraceus'' L. (Anamboraka)
* ''Sparmannia discolor'' Baker. (Fantsimbala III) ;
* ''Sphenomeris chusanae''. (Kondrehitra) ;
* ''Spilanthes oleracea'' Jacq (Anamalao)
* ''Sporobolus africanus'' (Poiret) Robyns et Tournay (Fandrotrarana)
* ''Stachys sp.'' (Gaga)
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' L. Vahl. (Ananomby) ;
* ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' Vahl. (Tsipotina) ;
* ''Stenocline inuloides'' DC (Tsitakombohitra)
* ''Stenotaphrum dimidiatum'' Brong. (Ahipisaka)
* ''Sticherus flagellaris'' St John. (Ringotra)
* ''Strongylodon'' sp. (Vahitsaramaso).
* ''Strychnos diploricha'' Leeuwenberg. (Betady) ;
* ''Symphonia sp.'' (Somoronamboa)

=== T ===

* ''[[Tacca leontopetaloides]]'' -- maronkony
* ''Tacca pinnatifida'' Forst. (Tavolo).
* ''Tachiadenus carinatus'' Grisebach (Felamanga)
* ''Tachiadenus longiflorus'' Grisebach (Malanilava)
* ''Tagetes erecta'' Linné (Kiranjany)
* ''Tamarindus indica'' Linné (Kily)
* ''Tambourissa parvifolia'' Baker. (Ambora lahy) ;
* ''Tambourissa purpurea'' ADC. (Amboramavo vavy).
* ''Taraxacum officinale'' Web (Ananangisa)
* ''Tephrosia humberti'' N. Dumaz. (Voatelinondry vavy).
* ''Tephrosia linearis'' Pers. (Manaribe).
* ''Tephrosia lyallii'' Baker. (Fokongaga).
* ''Tephrosia retamoides'' Solederer. (Kifafalahy).
* ''Terminalia mantaly'' H. Perr (Mantaly)
* ''Tetracera rutenbergii'' Buch. (Vahy marâna)
* ''Tetradenia fruticosa'' Benth (Bororona)
* ''Tetradenia hildebrandtii'' Briquet (Bororona manala ratsy)
* ''Thunbergia leucorhiza'' R. Benoist (Vahimavana)
* ''Thunbergia platyphylla'' Baker (Voakerépoka, Voanjomanga an-tanety)
* ''[[Toddalia asiatica]]'' Lamarck. (Kasimba) ;
* ''Toneria pedunculari-formis'' Bonati. (Kimataho Lahy) ;
* ''Torenia parviflora'' Buch. Hamilt. (Ananotsy) ;
* ''Torenia stolonifera'' Bojer. (Tsakomanta) ;
* ''Tragia furialis'' Bojer (Takilo-dambo)
* ''Trema commersonii'' Blume (Vakoka)
* ''[[Trema orientalis]]'' Blume''.'' ''--'' andraraizina, andrareza, andrarezina, angesoba, angezoka, hazongazona, ilaibaratra, selivaratsy, tsivakimbaratra, &lt;u&gt;vakoka&lt;/u&gt;
* ''[[Tridax procumbens]]'' L. (Angea)
* ''Tristemma virusanum'' Jussieu. (Voatrotrokala).
* ''Triumphetta rhomboidea''. (Hafotsokina II) ;
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara)
* ''Tueraea sericea'' Smith. (Lafara) ;
* ''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' Linné. (Kivondrona).
* ''Typhonodorum lildleyanum'' Schott (Viha)

=== U ===

* ''[[Uapaca bojeri]]'' Baillon --  hazondandy, &lt;u&gt;tapia&lt;/u&gt;, voampaka, voatapia
* ''Urera acuminata'' Gaudichaud. (Miandambo).
* ''Usnea'' sp. (Lomotra hazo).
* ''Uvaria acuminata'' var. ''catocarpa''  (Diles) Cavaco (Senaseria)

=== V ===

* ''Vaccinium secundiflorum'' Hook. (Voamantsitainakohoy) ;
* ''Variété de Citrus aurantium'' Linné. (Voatolongo).
* ''Variété du précédent, ou espèce difforme''. (Voatsikatajaza).
* ''Vaucheria sesselis'' DC (Lomo-drano)
* ''Vepris fitoravina'' H. Perr. (Ampody fitoravina) ;
* ''Vepris nitida'' Verdoorn. (Ampody vato) ;
* ''Vernonia alleizettes'' Humbert (Ambiaty lahy)
* ''[[Vernonia appendiculata]]'' Less (→ ''[[Gymnanthemum appendiculatum]]'') -- &lt;u&gt;ambiaty&lt;/u&gt;
* ''Vernonia capitata'' Baker (Kijelajahy)
* ''Vernonia cinerea'' Less (Ramiary I)
* ''Vernonia diversifolia'' Bojer ex DC (Tsiatosika)
* ''Vernonia erythromarula'' Klatt (Lahimena II)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Hazomavo)
* ''Vernonia garnieriana'' Klatt (Pela Lahy)
* ''Vernonia glutinosa'' DC (Kanda)
* ''Vernonia nudicaulis'' Lers (Lahimena I)
* ''Vernonia pectoralis'' Baker (Sakatavilotra)
* ''Vernonia polygalaefolia'' Lessing (Ramanjoko)
* ''Vernonia pratensis'' Klatt (Anambohitra I)
* ''Vernonia secundifolia'' var. ''dolicholepis'' Humbert (Masimposaina)
* ''Vernonia sp.'' (Renionmby)
* ''Vernonia trinervis'' (Bojer ex DC) Drake (Anambohitra II)
* ''Vigna angivensis'' Baker. (Avoko).
* ''Vigna capensis'' Walpig. (Masontantely).
* ''Vitex betsiliensis'' Humbert. (Sevambato) ;
* ''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]'' -- akanga, akangahazo, akangarano, akangatsimangolonanaka, folitra, haboka, kabodrano, kaboka, kabokankoraka, kaboke, kanga, kangarano, kapoka, koraka, montafara, montaka, voakanga, voakangarano

=== W ===

* ''Wahlenbergia bojeri'' ADC (Anantahalaka II lahy)
* ''Walhenbergia madagascariensis'' ADC (Sofintotozy)
* ''Wedelia elongata'' Vatke (Kijitina)
* ''Weinmannia bojeriana'' Tulasne (Sokia)
* ''Weinmannia lucens'' Baker (Lalona)
* ''[[Woodfordia floribunda]]'' L. Kurtz. ''--''  arify, lambohenjana
* ''Woodfordia fructicosa'' (L) S. Kurtz. (Lambohenjana).

=== X ===

* ''[[Xerochlamys pilosa]]'' Baker (Laro)
* ''[[Xyris semifuscata]]'' Bojer. (Sorobatritra).

=== Y ===

=== Z ===

* ''[[Zanthoxylum decaryi]]'' -- manago, manongo, manongovola
* ''[[Zanthoxylum madagascariense]]'' Baker. -- &lt;u&gt;fahavalonkazo&lt;/u&gt;, &lt;u&gt;hazomiarotena&lt;/u&gt;, manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum mananarense]]'' -- vohantsilana
* ''[[Zanthoxylum thouvenotii]]'' -- tsihanimpotsy, tsihanimpoza, tsilompoza
* ''[[Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa]]'' -- manongo, tsihanimpoza
* ''[[Zehneria perrieri]]'' (Baker) Keraudren (voantangonala)
* ''[[Zehneria rutenbergiana]]'' (Cogniaux) Keraudren (voantangondolo)
* ''[[Sakamalao|Zingiber officinale]] -''- &lt;u&gt;sakamalao&lt;/u&gt;, sakaviro, sakarivo
* ''[[Zingiber zerumbet]]'' L. (sakarivondambo)
* ''[[Ziziphus jujuba]]'' Lamarck. (mokonazy).
* ''[[Zornia diphylla]]'' Pers''.'' (famahipaihana).

== Jereo koa ==
* [[Zavamaniry eto Madagasikara]]
* [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody]]
* [[Tambavy]]

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>69kuzqvfedgzxovh6jzq4sgb7rkwt55</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aloe macroclada</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137684</id>
      <parentid>1134942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T11:39:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137684</origin>
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      <text bytes="1173" sha1="4i7a5va2gsvmcx6w62qeusjit8sf8oa" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Aloe Macroclada.jpg|vignette|378x378px|''Aloe macroclada'']]
Ny '''''Aloe macroclada''''' dia [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]], karazana vahona, ao amin' ny vondron-karazana ''[[Aloe]]'', ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Aloaceae|Aloeaceae]]'' (araka ny [[Fanasokajian' i Cronquist|fanasokajiana klasikan' i Cronquist]]) na fianakaviana ''[[Xanthorrhoeaceae]]'' (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]) na ''[[Asphodelaceae]]'' (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG IV]]), izay tsy hita raha tsy eto [[Madagasikara]]. Fantatra amin' ny anarana hoe '''''Aloe imerinensis''''' koa izy io. Amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] izy io dia atao hoe '''kisaondra''', '''lahimbahona''', '''vahombe''' na '''vahona''' fotsiny. 
[[Sary:Aloe macroclada 1057102.jpg|vignette|293x293px|Vondrombonin' ny ''Aloe Macroclada'']]
Fantatra amin' ny raviny mahatratra haavo 60 sm nsy misy tsilo, sy amin' ny voniny mavo na volomboasary mitambatra ho [[salohy]]. Izy io dia heverina ho zavamaniry fanao fanafody malaza amin' ny fitsaboana ny aretin' ny [[taovam-pandevonan-kanina]] sy ny [[hery fiarovana]] ary be mpampiasa eto Madagasikara.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Aloe]]''
* ''[[Aloe vera]]''</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>1137657</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Paralysisa ao amin'ny atidoha]] ho [[Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1135496</origin>
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      <text bytes="8764" sha1="hjw7z1jb5crry03fl2ne6wgq7yis48h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Cerebral_palsy
|synonym          =
|image            =US Navy 081028-N-3173B-027 Cmdr. John King assesses the reflexes of a Cerebral Palsy patient at the Arima District Health Facility as part of the humanitarian-civic assistance mission Continuing Promise (CP) 2008.jpg
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =
|caption          =A child with cerebral palsy being assessed by a physician
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Pediatrics]], [[neurology]], [[physiatry]]
|symptoms         =Poor coordination, [[spasticity|stiff muscles]], weak muscles, [[tremor]]s&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|onset            =Early childhood&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|duration         =Lifelong&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|causes           =Often unknown&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;&lt;!-- Quote = In many cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is unknown. --&gt;
|risks            =[[Preterm birth]], being a [[twin]], certain infections during pregnancy, difficult delivery&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|diagnosis        =Based on child's development&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|differential     =
|prevention       =
|treatment        =[[Physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[speech therapy]], [[Orthotics|external braces]], [[orthopedic surgery]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|medication       =[[Diazepam]], [[baclofen]], [[botulinum toxin]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =2.1 per 1,000&lt;ref name=Osk2013&gt;{{cite journal|last=Oskoui|first=M|author2=Coutinho, F |author3=Dykeman, J |author4=Jetté, N |author5= Pringsheim, T |title=An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology|date=Jun 2013|volume=55|issue=6|pages=509–19|pmid=23346889|doi=10.1111/dmcn.12080}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}Ny paralysie serebraly (CP) dia vondron’aretina maharitra mahakasika ny fihetsehana sy ny fifehezana ny vatana, izay miseho hatramin’ny fahazazana. [1] Miovaova arakaraka ny olona sy ny fivoaran’ny aretina ny soritr’aretina. [1][2] Amin’ny ankapobeny, ireo soritr’aretina mahazatra dia ahitana ny tsy fandrindrana tsara ny fihetsika, ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), ny fahalemen’ny hozatra, ary ny hovitrovitra. [1]

Mety hisy ihany koa olana amin’ny fahatsapana, ny fahitana, ny fandrenesana, ny fitelina ary ny fitenenana. [1] Matetika, ny zazakely voan’ny paralysie serebraly dia tara amin’ny fivoaran’ny fahaiza-mihetsika, ka tsy mahavita mihodina, mipetraka, mandady na mandeha amin’ny fotoana andrasana ho an’ny ankizy mitovy taona aminy. [1]

Anisan’ny mety hitranga koa ny fikorontanan-tsaina (seizures) sy ny fahasahiranana amin’ny fahaiza-misaina (cognition), izay hita amin’ny ampahatelon’ny olona voan’ity aretina ity. [1] Na dia mety hiseho mazava kokoa aza ny soritr’aretina mandritra ny taona voalohany amin’ny fiainana, dia tsy miharatsy tsikelikely ny fahasimbana fototra, satria aretina tsy miha-mandroso (non progressive) ny paralysie serebraly. [1]

Ny paralysie serebral dia vokatry ny fivoarana tsy ara-dalàna na fahasimbana eo amin'ny faritra ao amin'ny atidoha izay mifehy ny fihetsehana, ny fifandanjana ary ny fihetsika.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|website=[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]|access-date=21 February 2017|date=July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221033227/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|archive-date=21 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014O&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Overview|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|website=[[National Institutes of Health]]|access-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika indrindra, mitranga mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka ireo olana ireo; na izany aza, mety hitranga ihany koa izany mandritra ny fiterahana na fotoana fohy aorian'ny fiterahana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Matetika, tsy fantatra ny antony.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Anisan'ny mety hampidi-doza ny fiterahana aloha loatra, ny maha- [[kambana]], ny aretina sasany mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka toy ny [[Toksoplasmosis|toxoplasmosis]] na rubella, ny fihanaky ny methylmercury mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka, ny fahasarotana amin'ny fiterahana, ary ny ratra amin'ny loha mandritra ny taona vitsivitsy voalohany amin'ny fiainana, ankoatra ny hafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Eo amin'ny 2% eo ho eo amin'ireo tranga no heverina fa vokatry ny antony ara-pandovan-toetra.&lt;ref name=&quot;omim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=CEREBRAL PALSY, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIC, 1; CPSQ1|url=https://omim.org/entry/603513|website=[[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man]]|access-date=26 January 2018|date=28 June 2016|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001135429/https://www.omim.org/entry/603513|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana maromaro voasokajy mifototra amin'ny olana manokana misy.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ohatra, ireo manana hozatra henjana dia voan'ny paralysis serebral spastika, ireo manana fandrindrana tsara dia voan'ny paralysis serebral ataxika ary ireo izay mihetsika mihodinkodina dia voan'ny paralysis serebral athetoid.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny fivoaran'ny zaza rehefa mandeha ny fotoana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Azo ampiasaina ny fitiliana ra sy ny fitiliana sary ara-pitsaboana mba hanilihana ireo antony hafa mety hitranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt;

Azo sorohina amin’ny ampahany ny paralysie serebraly (CP), indrindra amin’ny alàlan’ny fanaovana vaksiny ny reny sy ny fepetra hisorohana ny ratra amin’ny loha amin’ny zaza, toy ny fanamafisana ny fiarovana mandritra ny fitondrana sy ny fahazazana. [1] Tsy mbola misy fanafody manasitrana tanteraka ny CP; na izany aza, ny fitsaboana manohana, ny fanafody ary ny fandidiana dia afaka manampy betsaka amin’ny fanatsarana ny kalitaon’ny fiainan’ny marary. [1]

Anisan’ny fitsaboana ampiasaina matetika ny fitsaboana ara-batana (kinésithérapie), ny fitsaboana amin’ny asa (ergothérapie) ary ny fitsaboana amin’ny fitenenana (orthophonie). [1] Ireo dia mikendry ny hanatsara ny fivezivezena, ny fahaiza-manao andavanandro ary ny fifandraisana. [1]

Ny fanafody sasany dia azo ampiasaina hanalefahana ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), toy ny diazepam, baclofen ary ny botulinum toxin. [1] Amin’ny tranga sasany, azo atao ny fandidiana, izay mety ahitana ny fanalavana ny hozatra na ny fanapahana ireo lalan-tsaina miasa loatra (toy ny selective dorsal rhizotomy), mba hampihenana ny fihenjanan’ny hozatra. [1]

Matetika dia manampy ihany koa ny fampiasana fitaovana ivelany manohana (orthèses na “braces”) sy ireo teknolojia fanampiana hafa, izay manatsara ny fivezivezena sy ny fahaleovantena. [1] Amin’ny alàlan’ny fitsaboana sahaza sy fanohanana maharitra, ny ankizy sasany voan’ny CP dia afaka mitombo ka miaina fiainana akaiky ny ara-dalàna rehefa olon-dehibe. [1]

Na dia ampiasaina matetika aza ny fitsaboana hafa na nentim-paharazana, dia tsy mbola misy porofo ara-tsiansa matanjaka manaporofo ny fahombiazan’izy ireny amin’ny fitsaboana ny paralysie serebraly. [1]

Ny paralysie serebraly (CP) no aretina mahazatra indrindra mahakasika ny fihetsehana amin’ny ankizy. [4] Tombanana ho mitranga amin’ny 2,1 eo ho eo isaky ny fahaterahana velona 1.000 izany. [5] Efa voarakitra hatramin’ny ela teo amin’ny tantara ity aretina ity, ary ny famaritana voalohany fantatra dia hita ao amin’ny asa soratr’i Hippocrates tamin’ny taonjato faha-5 talohan’i JK. [6]

Tamin’ny taonjato faha-19 no nanomboka ny fandalinana ara-tsiansa lalina momba azy, indrindra noho ny asan’i William John Little, izay nahatonga ny diplegia spastika nantsoina hoe “aretin’i Little”. [6] Avy eo, William Osler no nampiditra ny anarana hoe “cerebral palsy”, nalaina avy amin’ny teny alemà zerebrale Kinderlähmung izay midika hoe “paralysisa serebraly amin’ny zaza”. [7]

Misy fikarohana mitohy momba ny fitsaboana vaovao azo ampiharina, anisan’izany ny fitsaboana amin’ny sela fototra (stem cell therapy). [1] Na izany aza, mbola ilaina ny fikarohana fanampiny mba hanamarinana ny fahombiazany sy ny fiarovana azy alohan’ny hampiasana azy amin’ny fomba mahazatra. [1]

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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        <id>15140</id>
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      <comment>Nanitsy tsipelina</comment>
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      <text bytes="8915" sha1="c148qx3bjtp6hd95atpq1c3zbm3rd1s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha
| synonym       = 
| image         = US Navy 081028-N-3173B-027 Cmdr. John King assesses the reflexes of a Cerebral Palsy patient at the Arima District Health Facility as part of the humanitarian-civic assistance mission Continuing Promise (CP) 2008.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = A child with cerebral palsy being assessed by a physician
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Pediatrics]], [[neurology]], [[physiatry]]
| symptoms      = Poor coordination, [[spasticity|stiff muscles]], weak muscles, [[tremor]]s&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| onset         = Early childhood&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| duration      = Lifelong&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| causes        = Often unknown&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;&lt;!-- Quote = In many cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is unknown. --&gt;
| risks         = [[Preterm birth]], being a [[twin]], certain infections during pregnancy, difficult delivery&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| diagnosis     = Based on child's development&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| differential  = 
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = [[Physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[speech therapy]], [[Orthotics|external braces]], [[orthopedic surgery]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| medication    = [[Diazepam]], [[baclofen]], [[botulinum toxin]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = 2.1 per 1,000&lt;ref name=Osk2013&gt;{{cite journal|last=Oskoui|first=M|author2=Coutinho, F |author3=Dykeman, J |author4=Jetté, N |author5= Pringsheim, T |title=An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology|date=Jun 2013|volume=55|issue=6|pages=509–19|pmid=23346889|doi=10.1111/dmcn.12080}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

Ny '''paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha''' dia vondron’aretina maharitra mahakasika ny fihetsehana sy ny fifehezana ny vatana, izay miseho hatramin’ny fahazazana. [1] Miovaova arakaraka ny olona sy ny fivoaran’ny aretina ny soritr’aretina. [1][2] Amin’ny ankapobeny, ireo soritr’aretina mahazatra dia ahitana ny tsy fandrindrana tsara ny fihetsika, ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), ny fahalemen’ny hozatra, ary ny hovitrovitra. [1]

Mety hisy ihany koa olana amin’ny fahatsapana, ny fahitana, ny fandrenesana, ny fitelina ary ny fitenenana. [1] Matetika, ny zazakely voan’ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia tara amin’ny fivoaran’ny fahaiza-mihetsika, ka tsy mahavita mihodina, mipetraka, mandady na mandeha amin’ny fotoana andrasana ho an’ny ankizy mitovy taona aminy. [1]

Anisan’ny mety hitranga koa ny fikorontanan-tsaina (seizures) sy ny fahasahiranana amin’ny fahaiza-misaina (cognition), izay hita amin’ny ampahatelon’ny olona voan’ity aretina ity. [1] Na dia mety hiseho mazava kokoa aza ny soritr’aretina mandritra ny taona voalohany amin’ny fiainana, dia tsy miharatsy tsikelikely ny fahasimbana fototra, satria aretina tsy miha-mandroso (non progressive) ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha. [1]

Ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia vokatry ny fivoarana tsy ara-dalàna na fahasimbana eo amin'ny faritra ao amin'ny atidoha izay mifehy ny fihetsehana, ny fifandanjana ary ny fihetsika.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|website=[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]|access-date=21 February 2017|date=July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221033227/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|archive-date=21 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014O&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Overview|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|website=[[National Institutes of Health]]|access-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika indrindra, mitranga mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka ireo olana ireo; na izany aza, mety hitranga ihany koa izany mandritra ny fiterahana na fotoana fohy aorian'ny fiterahana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Matetika, tsy fantatra ny antony.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Anisan'ny mety hampidi-doza ny fiterahana aloha loatra, ny maha- [[kambana]], ny aretina sasany mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka toy ny [[Toksoplasmosis|toksôplasmôsisy]] na rubella, ny fihanaky ny methylmercury mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka, ny fahasarotana amin'ny fiterahana, ary ny ratra amin'ny loha mandritra ny taona vitsivitsy voalohany amin'ny fiainana, ankoatra ny hafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Eo amin'ny 2% eo ho eo amin'ireo tranga no heverina fa vokatry ny antony ara-pandovan-toetra.&lt;ref name=&quot;omim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=CEREBRAL PALSY, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIC, 1; CPSQ1|url=https://omim.org/entry/603513|website=[[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man]]|access-date=26 January 2018|date=28 June 2016|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001135429/https://www.omim.org/entry/603513|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana maromaro voasokajy mifototra amin'ny olana manokana misy.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ohatra, ireo manana hozatra henjana dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha spastika, ireo manana fandrindrana tsara dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha ataksika ary ireo izay mihetsika mihodinkodina dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha atetôida.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny fivoaran'ny zaza rehefa mandeha ny fotoana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Azo ampiasaina ny fitiliana ra sy ny fitiliana sary ara-pitsaboana mba hanilihana ireo antony hafa mety hitranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt;

Azo sorohina amin’ny ampahany ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha, indrindra amin’ny alàlan’ny fanaovana vaksiny ny reny sy ny fepetra hisorohana ny ratra amin’ny loha amin’ny zaza, toy ny fanamafisana ny fiarovana mandritra ny fitondrana sy ny fahazazana. [1] Tsy mbola misy fanafody manasitrana tanteraka ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha; na izany aza, ny fitsaboana manohana, ny fanafody ary ny fandidiana dia afaka manampy betsaka amin’ny fanatsarana ny kalitaon’ny fiainan’ny marary. [1]

Anisan’ny fitsaboana ampiasaina matetika ny fitsaboana ara-batana (kinesiterapia), ny fitsaboana amin’ny asa (ergôterapia) ary ny fitsaboana amin’ny fitenenana (ôrtôfônia). [1] Ireo dia mikendry ny hanatsara ny fivezivezena, ny fahaiza-manao andavanandro ary ny fifandraisana. [1]

Ny fanafody sasany dia azo ampiasaina hanalefahana ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), toy ny diazepam, baclofen ary ny botulinum toxin. [1] Amin’ny tranga sasany, azo atao ny fandidiana, izay mety ahitana ny fanalavana ny hozatra na ny fanapahana ireo lalan-tsaina miasa loatra (toy ny selective dorsal rhizotomy), mba hampihenana ny fihenjanan’ny hozatra. [1]

Matetika dia manampy ihany koa ny fampiasana fitaovana ivelany manohana (orthèses na “braces”) sy ireo teknolojia fanampiana hafa, izay manatsara ny fivezivezena sy ny fahaleovantena. [1] Amin’ny alalan’ny fitsaboana sahaza sy fanohanana maharitra, ny ankizy sasany voan’ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia afaka mitombo ka miaina fiainana akaiky ny ara-dalàna rehefa olon-dehibe. [1]

Na dia ampiasaina matetika aza ny fitsaboana hafa na nentim-paharazana, dia tsy mbola misy porofo ara-tsiansa matanjaka manaporofo ny fahombiazan’izy ireny amin’ny fitsaboana ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha. [1]

Ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha no aretina mahazatra indrindra mahakasika ny fihetsehana amin’ny ankizy. [4] Tombanana ho mitranga amin’ny 2,1 eo ho eo isaky ny fahaterahana velona 1.000 izany. [5] Efa voarakitra hatramin’ny ela teo amin’ny tantara ity aretina ity, ary ny famaritana voalohany fantatra dia hita ao amin’ny asa soratr’i Hippocrates tamin’ny taonjato faha-5 talohan’i JK. [6]

Tamin’ny taonjato faha-19 no nanomboka ny fandalinana ara-tsiansa lalina momba azy, indrindra noho ny asan’i William John Little, izay nahatonga ny diplegia spastika nantsoina hoe “aretin’i Little”. [6] Avy eo, William Osler no nampiditra ny anarana hoe “cerebral palsy”, nalaina avy amin’ny teny alemà zerebrale Kinderlähmung izay midika hoe “paralisisa ao amin'ny atidohan’ny zaza”. [7]

Misy fikarohana mitohy momba ny fitsaboana vaovao azo ampiharina, anisan’izany ny fitsaboana amin’ny sela fototra (stem cell therapy). [1] Na izany aza, mbola ilaina ny fikarohana fanampiny mba hanamarinana ny fahombiazany sy ny fiarovana azy alohan’ny hampiasana azy amin’ny fomba mahazatra. [1]

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8989" sha1="6dznmf4rhtmutik5idxkbg1kusqdrv9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha
| synonym       = 
| image         = US Navy 081028-N-3173B-027 Cmdr. John King assesses the reflexes of a Cerebral Palsy patient at the Arima District Health Facility as part of the humanitarian-civic assistance mission Continuing Promise (CP) 2008.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = A child with cerebral palsy being assessed by a physician
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Pediatrics]], [[neurology]], [[physiatry]]
| symptoms      = Poor coordination, [[spasticity|stiff muscles]], weak muscles, [[tremor]]s&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| onset         = Early childhood&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| duration      = Lifelong&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| causes        = Often unknown&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;&lt;!-- Quote = In many cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is unknown. --&gt;
| risks         = [[Preterm birth]], being a [[twin]], certain infections during pregnancy, difficult delivery&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| diagnosis     = Based on child's development&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| differential  = 
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = [[Physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[speech therapy]], [[Orthotics|external braces]], [[orthopedic surgery]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| medication    = [[Diazepam]], [[baclofen]], [[botulinum toxin]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2013/&gt;
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = 2.1 per 1,000&lt;ref name=Osk2013&gt;{{cite journal|last=Oskoui|first=M|author2=Coutinho, F |author3=Dykeman, J |author4=Jetté, N |author5= Pringsheim, T |title=An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology|date=Jun 2013|volume=55|issue=6|pages=509–19|pmid=23346889|doi=10.1111/dmcn.12080}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

Ny '''paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha''' dia vondron’aretina maharitra mahakasika ny fihetsehana sy ny fifehezana ny vatana, izay miseho hatramin’ny fahazazana. [1] Miovaova arakaraka ny olona sy ny fivoaran’ny aretina ny soritr’aretina. [1][2] Amin’ny ankapobeny, ireo soritr’aretina mahazatra dia ahitana ny tsy fandrindrana tsara ny fihetsika, ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), ny fahalemen’ny hozatra, ary ny hovitrovitra. [1]

Mety hisy ihany koa olana amin’ny fahatsapana, ny fahitana, ny fandrenesana, ny fitelina ary ny fitenenana. [1] Matetika, ny zazakely voan’ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia tara amin’ny fivoaran’ny fahaiza-mihetsika, ka tsy mahavita mihodina, mipetraka, mandady na mandeha amin’ny fotoana andrasana ho an’ny ankizy mitovy taona aminy. [1]

Anisan’ny mety hitranga koa ny fikorontanan-tsaina (seizures) sy ny fahasahiranana amin’ny fahaiza-misaina (cognition), izay hita amin’ny ampahatelon’ny olona voan’ity aretina ity. [1] Na dia mety hiseho mazava kokoa aza ny soritr’aretina mandritra ny taona voalohany amin’ny fiainana, dia tsy miharatsy tsikelikely ny fahasimbana fototra, satria aretina tsy miha-mandroso (non progressive) ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha. [1]

Ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia vokatry ny fivoarana tsy ara-dalàna na fahasimbana eo amin'ny faritra ao amin'ny atidoha izay mifehy ny fihetsehana, ny fifandanjana ary ny fihetsika.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|website=[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]|access-date=21 February 2017|date=July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221033227/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Cerebral-Palsy-Hope-Through-Research|archive-date=21 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014O&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cerebral Palsy: Overview|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|website=[[National Institutes of Health]]|access-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matetika indrindra, mitranga mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka ireo olana ireo; na izany aza, mety hitranga ihany koa izany mandritra ny fiterahana na fotoana fohy aorian'ny fiterahana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Matetika, tsy fantatra ny antony.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Anisan'ny mety hampidi-doza ny fiterahana aloha loatra, ny maha- [[kambana]], ny aretina sasany mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka toy ny [[Toksoplasmosis|toksôplasmôsisy]] na rubella, ny fihanaky ny methylmercury mandritra ny fitondrana vohoka, ny fahasarotana amin'ny fiterahana, ary ny ratra amin'ny loha mandritra ny taona vitsivitsy voalohany amin'ny fiainana, ankoatra ny hafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Eo amin'ny 2% eo ho eo amin'ireo tranga no heverina fa vokatry ny antony ara-pandovan-toetra.&lt;ref name=&quot;omim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=CEREBRAL PALSY, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIC, 1; CPSQ1|url=https://omim.org/entry/603513|website=[[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man]]|access-date=26 January 2018|date=28 June 2016|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001135429/https://www.omim.org/entry/603513|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Misy karazana maromaro voasokajy mifototra amin'ny olana manokana misy.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ohatra, ireo manana hozatra henjana dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha spastika, ireo manana fandrindrana tsara dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha ataksika ary ireo izay mihetsika mihodinkodina dia voan'ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha atetôida.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny fivoaran'ny zaza rehefa mandeha ny fotoana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt; Azo ampiasaina ny fitiliana ra sy ny fitiliana sary ara-pitsaboana mba hanilihana ireo antony hafa mety hitranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2013&quot; /&gt;

Azo sorohina amin’ny ampahany ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha, indrindra amin’ny alàlan’ny fanaovana vaksiny ny reny sy ny fepetra hisorohana ny ratra amin’ny loha amin’ny zaza, toy ny fanamafisana ny fiarovana mandritra ny fitondrana sy ny fahazazana. [1] Tsy mbola misy fanafody manasitrana tanteraka ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha; na izany aza, ny fitsaboana manohana, ny fanafody ary ny fandidiana dia afaka manampy betsaka amin’ny fanatsarana ny kalitaon’ny fiainan’ny marary. [1]

Anisan’ny fitsaboana ampiasaina matetika ny fitsaboana ara-batana (kinesiterapia), ny fitsaboana amin’ny asa (ergôterapia) ary ny fitsaboana amin’ny fitenenana (ôrtôfônia). [1] Ireo dia mikendry ny hanatsara ny fivezivezena, ny fahaiza-manao andavanandro ary ny fifandraisana. [1]

Ny fanafody sasany dia azo ampiasaina hanalefahana ny hozatra henjana (spasticité), toy ny diazepam, baclofen ary ny botulinum toxin. [1] Amin’ny tranga sasany, azo atao ny fandidiana, izay mety ahitana ny fanalavana ny hozatra na ny fanapahana ireo lalan-tsaina miasa loatra (toy ny selective dorsal rhizotomy), mba hampihenana ny fihenjanan’ny hozatra. [1]

Matetika dia manampy ihany koa ny fampiasana fitaovana ivelany manohana (orthèses na “braces”) sy ireo teknolojia fanampiana hafa, izay manatsara ny fivezivezena sy ny fahaleovantena. [1] Amin’ny alalan’ny fitsaboana sahaza sy fanohanana maharitra, ny ankizy sasany voan’ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha dia afaka mitombo ka miaina fiainana akaiky ny ara-dalàna rehefa olon-dehibe. [1]

Na dia ampiasaina matetika aza ny fitsaboana hafa na nentim-paharazana, dia tsy mbola misy porofo ara-tsiansa matanjaka manaporofo ny fahombiazan’izy ireny amin’ny fitsaboana ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha. [1]

Ny paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha no aretina mahazatra indrindra mahakasika ny fihetsehana amin’ny ankizy. [4] Tombanana ho mitranga amin’ny 2,1 eo ho eo isaky ny fahaterahana velona 1.000 izany. [5] Efa voarakitra hatramin’ny ela teo amin’ny tantara ity aretina ity, ary ny famaritana voalohany fantatra dia hita ao amin’ny asa soratr’i Hippocrates tamin’ny taonjato faha-5 talohan’i JK. [6]

Tamin’ny taonjato faha-19 no nanomboka ny fandalinana ara-tsiansa lalina momba azy, indrindra noho ny asan’i William John Little, izay nahatonga ny diplegia spastika nantsoina hoe “aretin’i Little”. [6] Avy eo, William Osler no nampiditra ny anarana hoe “cerebral palsy”, nalaina avy amin’ny teny alemà zerebrale Kinderlähmung izay midika hoe “paralisisa ao amin'ny atidohan’ny zaza”. [7]

Misy fikarohana mitohy momba ny fitsaboana vaovao azo ampiharina, anisan’izany ny fitsaboana amin’ny sela fototra (stem cell therapy). [1] Na izany aza, mbola ilaina ny fikarohana fanampiny mba hanamarinana ny fahombiazany sy ny fiarovana azy alohan’ny hampiasana azy amin’ny fomba mahazatra. [1]

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]

== Loharano ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Camphora</title>
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    <id>299466</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-08T11:50:10Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
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      <text bytes="2200" sha1="1vfhhrm2hx1f181q83on1eryp51md8d" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Cinnamomum septentrionale - Chengdu Botanical Garden - Chengdu, China - DSC03499.JPG|vignette|502x502px|''Camphora septentrionalis'' ]]
Ny '''''Camphora''''' dia antokon-javamaniry maintso lalandava ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Lauraceae]]'', izay heverina ho mitovy amin' ny ''[[Cinnamomum]]'' teo aloha. Ahitana karazana 20 eo ho eo, izay miparitaka any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly any [[Azia]], ity antoko ity. Ilay bôtanista alemàna Philipp Conrad Fabricius tamin' ny taona 1759 no nanao ny antoko ''Camphora''. Nandritra ny fotoana ela izy io dia noheverina ho fizaràna ao amin' ny ''[[Cinnamomum]]''. Nahita ny fanadihadiana momba filôjenetika navoaka tamin' ny 2022 fa pôlifiletika ny antoko ''Cinnamomum'' lehibe. Ao amin' ny fanasokajiana nohavaozina dia karazana 18 no napetraka ao amin' ny antoko ''Camphora'' izay &quot;nitsangana tamin' ny maty&quot; mba hamoronana antoko mônôfiletika.
== Lisitry ny karazana ==
Inty n yulisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Camphora'':
* ''Camphora bodinieri'' ← ''Cinnamomum bodinieri''
* ''Camphora brachythyrsa'' ← ''Cinnamomum brachythyrsum''
* ''Camphora chartophylla'' ← ''Cinnamomum chartophyllum''
* ''Camphora foveolata'' ← ''Cinnamomum foveolatum''
* ''Camphora glandulifera'' ← ''Cinnamomum glanduliferum''
* ''Camphora illicioides'' ← ''Cinnamomum ilicioides''
* ''Camphora longepaniculata'' ← ''Cinnamomum longepaniculatum''
* ''Camphora micrantha'' ← ''Cinnamomum micranthum''
* ''Camphora migao'' ← ''Cinnamomum migao''
* ''Camphora mollifolia'' ← ''Cinnamomum mollifolium''
* ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ← ''[[Camphora officinarum|Cinnamomum camphora]]''
* ''Camphora parthenoxylon'' ← ''Cinnamomum parthenoxylon''
* ''Camphora philippinensis'' ← ''Cinnamomum philippinense''
* ''Camphora platyphylla'' ← ''Cinnamomum platyphyllum''
* ''Camphora purpurea'' ← ''Cinnamomum purpureum''
* ''Camphora rufotomentosa'' ← ''Cinnamomum rufomentosum''
* ''Camphora septentrionalis'' ← ''Cinnamomum septentrionale''
* ''Camphora tenuipilis'' ← ''Cinnamomum tenuipile''

* ''Camphora kanahirae'' (← ''Cinnamomum kanehirae'') dia nafindran' ny bôtanista sasany tamin' io karazana io avy eo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dinika:Solila</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>299481</id>
    <redirect title="Dinika:Solila (kaominina)" />
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      <comment>Rôbô : mamaha olam-pihodinana mankany amin'i [[Dinika:Solila (kaominina)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="41" sha1="cu0p0v6txzhh5wr2f477w6nrp8bydsp" xml:space="preserve">#FIHODINANA [[Dinika:Solila (kaominina)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lisitry ny lahatsoratra ao anatin'ny hetsika EditHer2026 AWW Antananarivo - Madagascar</title>
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      <text bytes="2067" sha1="awqkndbbvou4djp3qbxuqds7rxco2a7" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
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|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
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|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
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|5
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Kirindy_Mitea Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Kirindy Mitea]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386661 Q1386661]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
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|-
|6
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Mananara-Avaratra  Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Mananara-Avaratra]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107426918 Q107426918]
|manatsara wikidata, manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|7
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Marojejy Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Marojejy]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485097 Q2485097]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|8
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen'_ny_Tendrombohitra_Ambre Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Tendrombohitra Ambre]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968934 Q1968934]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
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|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
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      <text bytes="2056" sha1="83muydginhhjj2fico4ktjpt66lundy" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
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|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|5
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Kirindy_Mitea Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Kirindy Mitea]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386661 Q1386661]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
|
|-
|6
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Mananara-Avaratra  Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Mananara-Avaratra]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107426918 Q107426918]
|manatsara wikidata, manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|7
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Marojejy Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Marojejy]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485097 Q2485097]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|8
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen'_ny_Tendrombohitra_Ambre Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Tendrombohitra Ambre]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968934 Q1968934]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
|
|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
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|-
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      <text bytes="1779" sha1="jmgd0y2j16fy5ox624szvp7hwsnzcbn" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
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!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
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|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
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|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
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|-
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|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
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|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
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|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|6
|
|
|manatsara wikidata, manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|7
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Marojejy Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Marojejy]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485097 Q2485097]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|8
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen'_ny_Tendrombohitra_Ambre Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Tendrombohitra Ambre]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968934 Q1968934]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
|
|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>jmgd0y2j16fy5ox624szvp7hwsnzcbn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137577</id>
      <parentid>1137576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T14:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1908" sha1="00ynlbcxrq4gvzsooeuw7zl3o1pc1x2" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen%27_i_Marojejy Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' i Marojejy]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485097 Q2485097]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|8
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen'_ny_Tendrombohitra_Ambre Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Tendrombohitra Ambre]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968934 Q1968934]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
|
|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>00ynlbcxrq4gvzsooeuw7zl3o1pc1x2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137580</id>
      <parentid>1137577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T14:49:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1829" sha1="3r67dzj81u6b2sfk1i1imfx9vyjjmsp" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenen'_ny_Tendrombohitra_Ambre Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Tendrombohitra Ambre]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968934 Q1968934]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,
|
|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>3r67dzj81u6b2sfk1i1imfx9vyjjmsp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137581</id>
      <parentid>1137580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T14:50:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137581</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1727" sha1="mdc8pwyie4z2gqoy68jjwkcmfx1th5j" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Nosy_Ve-Androka Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Nosy Ve-Androka]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65040357 Q65040357]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>mdc8pwyie4z2gqoy68jjwkcmfx1th5j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137584</id>
      <parentid>1137581</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1631" sha1="rrdz6bzl6bljrh87efaex6x1b2gecoa" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Ranomafana Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Ranomafana]
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498242 Q1498242]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>rrdz6bzl6bljrh87efaex6x1b2gecoa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137585</id>
      <parentid>1137584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:54:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137585</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1547" sha1="so7at0rx3bb6u6vkmmg6q8wmvzhcxsh" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara ny firafitry ny lahatsoratra,m
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>so7at0rx3bb6u6vkmmg6q8wmvzhcxsh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137586</id>
      <parentid>1137585</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:57:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2872" sha1="1maqw4x81erjbwz52kho9q9fsax8nkr" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliette_Ratsimandrava
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|12
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|13
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>1maqw4x81erjbwz52kho9q9fsax8nkr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137587</id>
      <parentid>1137586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:58:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2857" sha1="dkclyyajsrw2zkybjm85v8xx0qn3l3r" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|13
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>dkclyyajsrw2zkybjm85v8xx0qn3l3r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137589</id>
      <parentid>1137587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:27:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137589</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2842" sha1="6v7ysem1rmw0s7cghvxss46xkyz9wvz" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| [[:fr:Elia_Ravelomanantsoa|Elia_Ravelomanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q3050897|Q3050897]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy 
|
|-
|13
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>6v7ysem1rmw0s7cghvxss46xkyz9wvz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137590</id>
      <parentid>1137589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:29:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2840" sha1="5rchv2ttpv2el1d7inwtfnfevzkmc8d" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| [[:fr:Cécile_Manorohanta|Cécile_Manorohanta]]
|[[d:Q2067151|Q2067151]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy 
|
|-
|13
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>5rchv2ttpv2el1d7inwtfnfevzkmc8d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137591</id>
      <parentid>1137590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:32:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137591</origin>
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      <text bytes="2359" sha1="6wmi8krjz4qdsnqoxm64h0pxke2wq17" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| [[:fr:Cécile_Manorohanta|Cécile_Manorohanta]]
|[[d:Q2067151|Q2067151]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy 
|
|-
|13
|[[:fr:Lantosoa_Rakotomalala|Lantosoa_Rakotomalala]]
|[[d:Q89286571|Q89286571]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|
|
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>6wmi8krjz4qdsnqoxm64h0pxke2wq17</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137592</id>
      <parentid>1137591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:33:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2431" sha1="ilqmr3g6jtb5xengrs8pf8kdfik6gg6" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| [[:fr:Cécile_Manorohanta|Cécile_Manorohanta]]
|[[d:Q2067151|Q2067151]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy 
|
|-
|13
|[[:fr:Lantosoa_Rakotomalala|Lantosoa_Rakotomalala]]
|[[d:Q89286571|Q89286571]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Elia_Ravelomanantsoa|Elia_Ravelomanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q3050897|Q3050897]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|
|
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>ilqmr3g6jtb5xengrs8pf8kdfik6gg6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137593</id>
      <parentid>1137592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T16:38:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mammysou17</username>
        <id>34685</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1137593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2492" sha1="gkoltpvdnjhgpann75wivjlr5zmxoac" xml:space="preserve">Lahatsoratra azo alaina tahaka [https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valan-javaboarim-pirenena_Andohahela Valan-javaboarim-pirenena Andohahela]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!N°
!Wikipedia
!wikidata
!asa hatao
!mpandray anjara
|-
|1
|Mireille Rabenoro
|[[d:Q135989622|Q135989622]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|2
| Johanita Ndahimananjara
|[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6215531 Q6215531]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny malagasy
|
|-
|3
|[[Valan-javaboarim-pirenen' ny Helodranon' i Baly|Elia Béatrice Assoumacou]] 
|[[d:Q110634975|Q110634975]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|4
|[[:fr:Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa|Saraha_Georget_Rabeharisoa]]
|[[d:Q16675680|Q16675680]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|5
|[[:fr:Harilala_Ramanantsoa|Harilala Ramanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q19956125|Q19956125]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|6
|[[:fr:Christine_Razanamahasoa|Christine_Razanamahasoa]]
|[[d:Q22338260|Q22338260]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|7
|Marie Zenaïde Ramampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|8
|Juliana Tahina Ratovoson
|[[d:Q114804499|Q114804499]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|9
|Gisèle Ranampy
|[[d:Q136001033|Q136001033]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|10
|[[:fr:Fanirisoa_Ernaivo|Fanirisoa_Ernaivo]]
|[[d:Q136655325|Q136655325]]
|manatsara wikidata
|-
|11
|[[:fr:Juliette_Ratsimandrava|Juliette_Ratsimandrava]]
|[[d:Q125753193|Q125753193]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy
|
|-
|12
| [[:fr:Cécile_Manorohanta|Cécile_Manorohanta]]
|[[d:Q2067151|Q2067151]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy 
|
|-
|13
|[[:fr:Lantosoa_Rakotomalala|Lantosoa_Rakotomalala]]
|[[d:Q89286571|Q89286571]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|14
|[[:fr:Elia_Ravelomanantsoa|Elia_Ravelomanantsoa]]
|[[d:Q3050897|Q3050897]]
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|15
|Miorahasina Lorah 
|[[d:Q136230868|Q136230868]]
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|16
|
|
|adika amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|17
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|18
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|19
|
|
|mamorona lahatsoratra amin'ny teny Malagasy, manatsara ny wikidata
|
|-
|20
|
|
|manatsara wikidata
|
|-
|}</text>
      <sha1>gkoltpvdnjhgpann75wivjlr5zmxoac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hetsi-panoheran' ny tantsaha malagasy tany atsimo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299521</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137582</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:11:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fanoherana nataon' ny mponina tany amin' ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara</comment>
      <origin>1137582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5761" sha1="5rpvp53iu6vj3xajex9x76wu6td612o" xml:space="preserve">Ny '''hetsi-panoheran' ny tantsaha malagasy tany atsimo''' dia fanoherana nataon' ny mponina tany amin' ny faritra atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]], indrindra fa tany [[Faritra Androy|Androy]], manoloana ny fitondran' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], izay noheverin' izy ireo fa nanao an-kila-bao azy ireo tao anatin' ny fahasahiranana ara-toekarena tamin' ny fiantombohan' ny taompolo 1970. Tamin' izany foatoana izany dia nianjadian' ny [[haintany]] ny faritra atsimo, tsapan' ny mponina tany ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy ary tsy afaha-po amin' ny fitantananan-draharaham-panjakana eo an-toerana izy ireo. Nisy ny fanoherana ny tompon' andraiki-panjakana sy ny mpanangona hetra ary ny solontenam-panjakana izay nampangain' izy ireo ho nanararao-pahefana sy [[kolikoly]] tany ambanivohitra. Famoretana ara-miaramila notarihin' ny vondron-tobim-paritry ny zandarimaria sy ny tafika no nasetrin' ny fitondram-panjakana izany, ka niteraka fifandonana nahafaty olona maro. Io krizy io no nampiharihary ny fihalemen' ny fitondran' i Tsiranana ary nitarika disadisa ara-pôlitika izay niafara amin' ny fianjeran' ilay fitondrana tamin' ny taona 1972.

== Zava-nisy manodidina ==
Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' i [[Frantsa]] i [[Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1960. Tsy tamin' ny fifidianana andraisan' ny daholobe anjara no nifidiana ny filoha voalohan' ny firenena, [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], fa natolotry ny [[Antenimieran-doholona]], ​​izay nanjakan' ny [[Parti Social Démocrate Malgache|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD) mpomba an' i Tsiranana. Na dia niroborobo aza ny [[toekaren' i Madagasikara]] nandritra ny ampahany be amin' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy|Repoblika Voalohany]], dia nitontongana sy niharatsy ny fiainana teto Madagasikara tamin' ny faramparan' ny taompolo 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanomboka nitombo ny tsy fankasitrahan' ny vahoaka ny fitondrana Tsiranana. Anisan' ny nanakiana mafy azy i [[Monja Jaona]], mpanao pôlitika [[tandroy]] tao amin' ny antoko [[Mouvement national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar|''Mouvement'']] [[Mouvement national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar|''national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar'']] (MONIMA) izay efa niasa roa taona tamin' ny naha ben' ny tanànan' i [[Toliara]] azy (1959–1961) talohan' ny nandroahana azy. Nanomboka tamin' izay i Monja Jaona no lasa mpanohitra sy tompondakan' ny fitaomana ny sarambabem-bahoaka hanohitra ny pôlitikan' ny [[Parti social démocrate malgache]] (PSD)&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;. Tamin' ny taona 1970 dia nisy ny disadisa mafy teo anivon' ny PSD teo amin' ny fiaraha-miasan' ny mpikambana avy any avaratra sy andrefana – anisan' izany ny filohana Tsiranana – sy ny mpikambana any amin' ny faritra atsimon' ny Nosy, izay somary voailikilika sy nihamiombom-po amin' i [[Monja Jaona]].

== Tantaran' ilay hetsika ==
Nandrisika ny [[tantsaha]] mitam-piadiana hanao fihetsiketsehana tao [[Toliara]] i [[Monja Jaona]] tamin' ny fiandohan' ny volana Avrily 1971&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.mahaleo.com/ Mahaleo]&quot;, Laterit Productions, 2011. ()[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahaleo.com%2F arsiva]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Noravana tamin' ny didy ôfisialy tamin' ny 3 Avrily 1971 ny antoko [[MONIMA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny  6 Avrily, i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] dia nanao lahateny tamin' ny onjam-peo izay nanome tsiny an' i Monja Jaona tamin' ny fandatsahan-dra vokatry ny fifandonana teo amin' ny pôlisy sy ny mpitolona mitam-piadiana ary niampanga azy ho [[Kômonisma|kômonista]]. Nolavin' i Monja Jaona mafy izany, ka nilaza ny tenany ho [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] hatramin' ny andro nahaterahany izy&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Raison-JFrançoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny 12 Mey dia tonga tao Toliara nihaona tamin' i Monja Jaona i Tsiranana sy ny minisitra enina, anisan' izany i [[André Resampa|Resampa]]. Nanaiky hiresaka amin' ny filoham-pirenena ihany ny mpitarika ny MONIMA raha azo atao amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] ny resaka fa tsy amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]], dia nanaiky an' izany i Tsiranana. Nambaran' i Monja Jaona fa nitady fomba hiaraha-miasa amin' ny filoham-pirenena izy, ka dia navoaka avy tao am-ponja&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247-248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

Na dia efa voarava tamin' ny fomba haingana aza ny hetsika ary noravana ny [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|MONIMA]], dia nisy fiantraikany lehibe teo amin' ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka an' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] ny zavatra nataon' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Rava ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka malagasy ny tanindrazany ho firenen' ny moramora sy ny fiheverany ny filohany voalohany amin' ny maha-mpitarika madio azy, noho ny famoretana ilay hetsi-panoherana izay nazava fa tsy nisy herisetra&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>5rpvp53iu6vj3xajex9x76wu6td612o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137583</id>
      <parentid>1137582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T15:29:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Zava-nisy manodidina</comment>
      <origin>1137583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6803" sha1="j3mzpkgox8y6mt6rfacfhhuokh59s6r" xml:space="preserve">Ny '''hetsi-panoheran' ny tantsaha malagasy tany atsimo''' dia fanoherana nataon' ny mponina tany amin' ny faritra atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]], indrindra fa tany [[Faritra Androy|Androy]], manoloana ny fitondran' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], izay noheverin' izy ireo fa nanao an-kila-bao azy ireo tao anatin' ny fahasahiranana ara-toekarena tamin' ny fiantombohan' ny taompolo 1970. Tamin' izany foatoana izany dia nianjadian' ny [[haintany]] ny faritra atsimo, tsapan' ny mponina tany ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy ary tsy afaha-po amin' ny fitantananan-draharaham-panjakana eo an-toerana izy ireo. Nisy ny fanoherana ny tompon' andraiki-panjakana sy ny mpanangona hetra ary ny solontenam-panjakana izay nampangain' izy ireo ho nanararao-pahefana sy [[kolikoly]] tany ambanivohitra. Famoretana ara-miaramila notarihin' ny vondron-tobim-paritry ny zandarimaria sy ny tafika no nasetrin' ny fitondram-panjakana izany, ka niteraka fifandonana nahafaty olona maro. Io krizy io no nampiharihary ny fihalemen' ny fitondran' i Tsiranana ary nitarika disadisa ara-pôlitika izay niafara amin' ny fianjeran' ilay fitondrana tamin' ny taona 1972.

== Zava-nisy manodidina ==

=== Tontolo pôlitika ===
Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' i [[Frantsa]] i [[Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1960. Tsy tamin' ny fifidianana andraisan' ny daholobe anjara no nifidiana ny filoha voalohan' ny firenena, [[Tsiranana Philibert|Philibert Tsiranana]], fa natolotry ny [[Antenimieran-doholona]], ​​izay nanjakan' ny [[Parti Social Démocrate Malgache|Parti Social Démocrate]] (PSD) mpomba an' i Tsiranana. Tamin' ny taona 1970 dia nisy ny disadisa mafy teo anivon' ny PSD teo amin' ny fiaraha-miasan' ny mpikambana avy any avaratra sy andrefana – anisan' izany ny filohana Tsiranana – sy ny mpikambana any amin' ny faritra atsimon' ny Nosy, izay somary voailikilika sy nihamiombom-po amin' i [[Monja Jaona]].

=== Tontolo ara-toekarena ===
Na dia niroborobo aza ny [[toekaren' i Madagasikara]] nandritra ny ampahany be amin' ny [[Repoblika Malagasy|Repoblika Voalohany]], dia nitontongana sy niharatsy ny fiainana teto Madagasikara tamin' ny faramparan' ny taompolo 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanomboka nitombo ny tsy fankasitrahan' ny vahoaka ny fitondrana Tsiranana. Anisan' ny nanakiana mafy azy i [[Monja Jaona]], mpanao pôlitika [[tandroy]] tao amin' ny antoko [[Mouvement national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar|''Mouvement'']] [[Mouvement national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar|''national pour l'indépendance de Madagascar'']] (MONIMA) izay efa niasa roa taona tamin' ny naha ben' ny tanànan' i [[Toliara]] azy (1959–1961) talohan' ny nandroahana azy. Nanomboka tamin' izay i Monja Jaona no lasa mpanohitra sy tompondakan' ny fitaomana ny sarambabem-bahoaka hanohitra ny pôlitikan' ny [[Parti social démocrate malgache]] (PSD)&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;. 

Antony ara-toekarena niteraka ny fikomian' ny tantsaha tamin' ny Avrily 1971 tany amin' ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara ny [[mosary]] mafy nihatra tamin' ny vahoaka mahantra, nohamafisin' ny [[haintany]] sy ny fandroban' ny mpanjana-tany frantsay ary ny fihazonan' ny mpitondra vaovao ny rafitra ara-toekarena izay mbola nofehezin' i Frantsa. Nanjary tsy takatry ny tantsaha ambany fidiram-bola ny vidim-bary sy ny vidi-kena ary ny vidin' ny sakafo fototra. Vao mainka nampavesatra ny fahasahiran' ny Antandroy sy ny foko hafa any atsimo ny hetra tafahoatra sy ny latsakemboka tsy maintsy atao ho an' ny antoko PSD. Izany fitsentsefana ara-toekarena izany, miampy ny fihemoran' ny toekarena ankapobeny tamin' ny taompolo 1970, dia nanosika ny tantsaha hanafika tobin' ny zandarimaria sy hamely ny mari-pamantaran' ny fitondrana, tao anatin' ny tontolon' ny fahantrana sy ny fahasahiranana lalina izay niteraka hanoanana sy hetaheta ary hatsiaka nahafaty olona maro.

== Tantaran' ilay hetsika ==
Nandrisika ny [[tantsaha]] mitam-piadiana hanao fihetsiketsehana tao [[Toliara]] i [[Monja Jaona]] tamin' ny fiandohan' ny volana Avrily 1971&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;&quot;[https://www.mahaleo.com/ Mahaleo]&quot;, Laterit Productions, 2011. ()[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahaleo.com%2F arsiva]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Noravana tamin' ny didy ôfisialy tamin' ny 3 Avrily 1971 ny antoko [[MONIMA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''[https://books.google.mg/books?id=wNB0K7OGgu8C&amp;redir_esc=y Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975]'', Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2010, p. 244.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny  6 Avrily, i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] dia nanao lahateny tamin' ny onjam-peo izay nanome tsiny an' i Monja Jaona tamin' ny fandatsahan-dra vokatry ny fifandonana teo amin' ny pôlisy sy ny mpitolona mitam-piadiana ary niampanga azy ho [[Kômonisma|kômonista]]. Nolavin' i Monja Jaona mafy izany, ka nilaza ny tenany ho [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] hatramin' ny andro nahaterahany izy&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Raison-JFrançoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamin' ny 12 Mey dia tonga tao Toliara nihaona tamin' i Monja Jaona i Tsiranana sy ny minisitra enina, anisan' izany i [[André Resampa|Resampa]]. Nanaiky hiresaka amin' ny filoham-pirenena ihany ny mpitarika ny MONIMA raha azo atao amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] ny resaka fa tsy amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]], dia nanaiky an' izany i Tsiranana. Nambaran' i Monja Jaona fa nitady fomba hiaraha-miasa amin' ny filoham-pirenena izy, ka dia navoaka avy tao am-ponja&lt;ref&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 247-248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vokany ==
Na dia efa voarava tamin' ny fomba haingana aza ny hetsika ary noravana ny [[Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar|MONIMA]], dia nisy fiantraikany lehibe teo amin' ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka an' i [[Tsiranana Philibert|Tsiranana]] ny zavatra nataon' i [[Monja Jaona]]. Rava ny fiheveran' ny vahoaka malagasy ny tanindrazany ho firenen' ny moramora sy ny fiheverany ny filohany voalohany amin' ny maha-mpitarika madio azy, noho ny famoretana ilay hetsi-panoherana izay nazava fa tsy nisy herisetra&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Françoise Raison-Jourde et Gérard Roy, ''Paysans, intellectuels et populisme à Madagascar : de Monja Jaona à Ratsimandrava, 1960-1975'', p. 248.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Loharano ==</text>
      <sha1>j3mzpkgox8y6mt6rfacfhhuokh59s6r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acanthospermum hispidum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299522</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137596</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T18:58:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Asteraceae</comment>
      <origin>1137596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2946" sha1="qny0xob561qe9md1zhb56q7m40o1gwr" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum W2 IMG 2208.jpg|vignette|353x353px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Ny '''''Acanthospermum hispidum''''' dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]''. Maniry isan-taona izy io izay avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]]. Ity zavamaniry ity dia voatanisa ho ahidratsin' ny fambolena [[landihazo]] any [[Brezila]] ary ampiasaina ho zavamaniry fanafody ihany koa. Izy io dia nentina any amin' ny toerana maro miparitaka any [[Eorazia]] sy aty [[Afrika]] ary any [[Amerika Avaratra]] ary lasa maniry hoazy any. Toraka izany koa izy any Aostralia izay iheverana azy ho ahidratsy any [[Western Australia]].

== Arana ==
Ny anarany feno dia ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' &lt;small&gt;DC&lt;/small&gt;. Anarany teo aloha ny hoe ''Acanthospermum humile'' var. ''hispidum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy io dia atao hoe '''bakakely''' na '''fatika'''.

== Famariparitana ==
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum-1-ghat road-yercaud-salem-India.jpg|ankavia|vignette|205x205px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Ahitra be volovolo misy rantsana misampana tsiroaroa ary misy fakany mahitsy hodidinin' ny zana-paka ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum''. 

=== Ravina ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum 01.jpg|vignette|234x234px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mifanohitra ny ravin' ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' sady somary mibikan' atody na miendrika [[miraefadafy]], ary tsy misy [[Tangozan-dravina|tangozany]].

=== Vony ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum - flower head (8644478683).jpg|ankavia|vignette|207x207px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mitambatra ny vonin' ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' ka manome [[vondrombony]] madinika misy [[felambony]] mavo hita eo amin' ny fihaonan' ny rantsana.

=== Voa ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum, groen vrugte, Steenbokpan,a.jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mamokatra voa voalamina ho toy ny kintana misy tsilo mifaingoka izay misokatra rehefa matoy ka mamela ny vihiny hiparitaka ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum''. Ny voa tsirairay dia misy tsilo roa lehibe sy matanjaka kokoa eo amin' ny tampony.

== Fampiasana nentim-paharazana ==

=== Fitsaboana ===
Ampiasaina amin' ny aretin-koditra toy ny [[ekzema]] sy ny [[Herpes|herpesy]] ary [[ratra]]. Ity zavamaniry ity koa dia ampiasaina amin' ny aretin' ny [[Taovam-pananahan' ny vehivavy|fivaviana]], ny [[kohaka]], ny [[sita]], ny [[sohika]], ny [[tazo]] ary ny fihazonan-drano. Ny fakany sy ny raviny no ampiasaina.

Ny fampiasana azy any anatin' ny vatana (atelina na fohina) dia tokony hohalavirina satria mahafa-jaza sy manimba endrika ny tsaika ao an-kibo io zavamaniry io. Mety hiteraka fahaverezan-dra sy fahasimban' ny [[aty]] koa izany.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* [[Bakakely]]: ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]''  (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'')</text>
      <sha1>qny0xob561qe9md1zhb56q7m40o1gwr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137600</id>
      <parentid>1137596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T19:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Jereo koa */</comment>
      <origin>1137600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2942" sha1="0b14i6c3yh2stzotdpr7g7krho2tmnh" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum W2 IMG 2208.jpg|vignette|353x353px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Ny '''''Acanthospermum hispidum''''' dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]''. Maniry isan-taona izy io izay avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]]. Ity zavamaniry ity dia voatanisa ho ahidratsin' ny fambolena [[landihazo]] any [[Brezila]] ary ampiasaina ho zavamaniry fanafody ihany koa. Izy io dia nentina any amin' ny toerana maro miparitaka any [[Eorazia]] sy aty [[Afrika]] ary any [[Amerika Avaratra]] ary lasa maniry hoazy any. Toraka izany koa izy any Aostralia izay iheverana azy ho ahidratsy any [[Western Australia]].

== Arana ==
Ny anarany feno dia ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' &lt;small&gt;DC&lt;/small&gt;. Anarany teo aloha ny hoe ''Acanthospermum humile'' var. ''hispidum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy io dia atao hoe '''bakakely''' na '''fatika'''.

== Famariparitana ==
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum-1-ghat road-yercaud-salem-India.jpg|ankavia|vignette|205x205px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Ahitra be volovolo misy rantsana misampana tsiroaroa ary misy fakany mahitsy hodidinin' ny zana-paka ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum''. 

=== Ravina ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum 01.jpg|vignette|234x234px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mifanohitra ny ravin' ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' sady somary mibikan' atody na miendrika [[miraefadafy]], ary tsy misy [[Tangozan-dravina|tangozany]].

=== Vony ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum - flower head (8644478683).jpg|ankavia|vignette|207x207px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mitambatra ny vonin' ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' ka manome [[vondrombony]] madinika misy [[felambony]] mavo hita eo amin' ny fihaonan' ny rantsana.

=== Voa ===
[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum, groen vrugte, Steenbokpan,a.jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Acanthospermum hispidum'']]
Mamokatra voa voalamina ho toy ny kintana misy tsilo mifaingoka izay misokatra rehefa matoy ka mamela ny vihiny hiparitaka ny ''Acanthospermum hispidum''. Ny voa tsirairay dia misy tsilo roa lehibe sy matanjaka kokoa eo amin' ny tampony.

== Fampiasana nentim-paharazana ==

=== Fitsaboana ===
Ampiasaina amin' ny aretin-koditra toy ny [[ekzema]] sy ny [[Herpes|herpesy]] ary [[ratra]]. Ity zavamaniry ity koa dia ampiasaina amin' ny aretin' ny [[Taovam-pananahan' ny vehivavy|fivaviana]], ny [[kohaka]], ny [[sita]], ny [[sohika]], ny [[tazo]] ary ny fihazonan-drano. Ny fakany sy ny raviny no ampiasaina.

Ny fampiasana azy any anatin' ny vatana (atelina na fohina) dia tokony hohalavirina satria mahafa-jaza sy manimba endrika ny tsaika ao an-kibo io zavamaniry io. Mety hiteraka fahaverezan-dra sy fahasimban' ny [[aty]] koa izany.

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthospermum]]''
* [[Bakakely]]: ''Acanthospermum hispidum'' (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]''  (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'')</text>
      <sha1>0b14i6c3yh2stzotdpr7g7krho2tmnh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xanthium spinosum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137601</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T19:48:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Asteraceae</comment>
      <origin>1137601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2197" sha1="si841bcen269k9knnm4qn7yzmsg4g3l" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz05.jpg|vignette|452x452px|''Xanthium spinosum'']]
Ny '''''Xanthium spinosum''''', izay fantatra ihany koa amin' ny hoe '''''Acanthoxanthium spinosum''''', dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]''. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''bakakely'''. Ity karazana ity dia anisan' ny antoko ''[[Xanthium]]'' izay ahitana karazana 25 isan-karazany ao amin' ny ''[[Asteraceae]]''.

== Tsinjara toerana ==
Fantatra maneran-tany ho [[ahidratsy]] manafika izay maniry amin' ny karazana toerana maro mikorontana toy ny [[Hivoka|kijana]], ny tanimboly, ny lalan-drano, ny lemaka tondra-drano, ny tany avela hanirian-javamaniry rehefa avy novolena, ary indraindray ny tontolo mafana sy maina. Tsy fantatra ny faritra niaviany tany am-boalohany fa mety ho avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] izy io, angamba avy any [[Silia|Sily]]. Ity zavamaniry ity dia hita any amin' ny faritra isan-karazany manerana izao tontolo izao, anisan' izany i [[Kanada]], i [[Etazonia]], i [[Amerika Afovoany]], ny faritra [[Afrika]] sy Afovoany Atsinanana, i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]], i [[Rosia]] ary i [[Aostralia]].

== Fampiasana ==
Ny ''Xanthium spinosum'' sy ny hafa ao anatin' ny antoko ''Xanthium'' koa, dia ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana. Ny akora misy [[klôrôfôrma]] avy amin' ilay zavamaniry dia ampiasaina hitsaboana aretina maro toy ny [[hidrôfôbia]], ny [[haromotana]], ny [[tazo]], ny [[aretim-pivalanana]] ary ny [[homamiadana]]. 

Amin' ny fomba [[Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sinoa|fitsaboana nentim-paharazana]] [[Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sinoa|sinoa]], ny akora misy [[metanôla]] hita ao amin' ny raviny sy ny voany dia ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana aretina miteraka famaivay toy ny aretin' ny vanin-taolana miendrika [[rohana]]. Mety hanapoizina ny olombelona ihany koa ity zavamaniry ity satria mamokatra tôksinina izay manimba ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]].

== Jereo koa ==

* ''[[Acanthoxanthium]]''
* ''[[Xanthium]]''
* [[Bakakely]]: ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''Xanthium spinosum''  (''[[Asteraceae]]''), ''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' (''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'')</text>
      <sha1>si841bcen269k9knnm4qn7yzmsg4g3l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acanthospermum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299524</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137603</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:03:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Asteraceae</comment>
      <origin>1137603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="781" sha1="4tasl71e3s3gvx5s40tamnt5eihn0ul" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum W IMG 2208.jpg|vignette|382x382px|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]
Ny '''''Acanthospermum''''' dia antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]'', izay nofaritana ho antoko izy tamin' ny taona 1820 sady ahitana karazana misa 6.

== Lisitry ny karazana ==
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny araka ny ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' tamin' ny volana Jolay 2023:

* ''Acanthospermum australe'' &lt;small&gt;(Loefl.) Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum consobrinum'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum glabratum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Wild.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum humile'' &lt;small&gt;(Sw.) DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum microcarpum'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Bakakely]]</text>
      <sha1>4tasl71e3s3gvx5s40tamnt5eihn0ul</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137611</id>
      <parentid>1137603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:39:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Karazana maniry eto Madagasikara</comment>
      <origin>1137611</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="937" sha1="ed6bi9iza3ku97fhx8zz4w32sxtjatl" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Acanthospermum hispidum W IMG 2208.jpg|vignette|382x382px|''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'']]
Ny '''''Acanthospermum''''' dia antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]'', izay nofaritana ho antoko izy tamin' ny taona 1820 sady ahitana karazana misa 6.

== Lisitry ny karazana ==
Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny araka ny ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' tamin' ny volana Jolay 2023:

* ''Acanthospermum australe'' &lt;small&gt;(Loefl.) Kuntze&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum consobrinum'' &lt;small&gt;S.F.Blake&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum glabratum'' &lt;small&gt;(DC.) Wild.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]'' &lt;small&gt;DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum humile'' &lt;small&gt;(Sw.) DC.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Acanthospermum microcarpum'' &lt;small&gt;B.L.Rob.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Karazana misy eto Madagasikara ===
Indreto ny karazana misy eto [[Madagasikara]]:

* ''[[Acanthospermum australe]]''
* ''[[Acanthospermum hispidum]]''

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Bakakely]]</text>
      <sha1>ed6bi9iza3ku97fhx8zz4w32sxtjatl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xanthium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299525</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137606</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:18:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Asteraceae</comment>
      <origin>1137606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="912" sha1="4tuq7m9k2g66v8w1g6qh4rtwx147vmf" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz05.jpg|vignette|432x432px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
Ny '''''Xanthium''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]'', teratany any [[Amerika]] sy [[Azia Atsinanana]]. Ireo zavamaniry ireo dia ampiasaina hitsaboana ny soritr' aretin' ny sohika an-draoka kely sy ny aretinasasany mpahazo ny [[taovam-pisefoana]].

== Lisitry ny karazana ==
Indeto ny karazana ekena araka ny ''[[The Plant List]]'':

* ''Xanthium ambrosioides'' Hook. &amp; Arn.
* ''Xanthium argenteum'' Widder
* ''Xanthium cavanillesii'' Schouw
* ''Xanthium cloessplateaum'' D.Z.Ma
* ''Xanthium echinatum'' Murray
* ''Xanthium inaequilaterum'' DC.
* ''Xanthium italicum'' Moretti
* ''Xanthium mongolicum'' Kitag.
* ''Xanthium orientale'' L.
* ''Xanthium sibiricum'' Patrin ex Widder
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L.
* ''Xanthium strumarium'' L.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Bakakely]]</text>
      <sha1>4tuq7m9k2g66v8w1g6qh4rtwx147vmf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137607</id>
      <parentid>1137606</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-07T20:25:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1031" sha1="sg4jt6pjaz11zdvaemvyujoqqzretdx" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Xanthium spinosum kz05.jpg|vignette|432x432px|''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'']]
Ny '''''Xanthium''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Asteraceae]]'', teratany any [[Amerika]] sy [[Azia Atsinanana]]. Ireo zavamaniry ireo dia ampiasaina hitsaboana ny soritr' aretin' ny sohika an-draoka kely sy ny aretinasasany mpahazo ny [[taovam-pisefoana]].

== Lisitry ny karazana ==
Indeto ny karazana ekena araka ny ''[[The Plant List]]'':

* ''Xanthium ambrosioides'' Hook. &amp; Arn.
* ''Xanthium argenteum'' Widder
* ''Xanthium cavanillesii'' Schouw
* ''Xanthium cloessplateaum'' D.Z.Ma
* ''Xanthium echinatum'' Murray
* ''Xanthium inaequilaterum'' DC.
* ''Xanthium italicum'' Moretti
* ''Xanthium mongolicum'' Kitag.
* ''Xanthium orientale'' L.
* ''Xanthium sibiricum'' Patrin ex Widder
* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' L.
* ''[[Xanthium strumarium]]'' L.

=== Karazana misy eto Madagasikara ===

* ''[[Xanthium spinosum]]'' ''--'' bakakely
* ''[[Xanthium strumarium]]''

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Bakakely]]</text>
      <sha1>sg4jt6pjaz11zdvaemvyujoqqzretdx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lalam-pirenena faha-14</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299526</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137632</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T04:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HarryWurst</username>
        <id>36292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}} [[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - [[Andefapony]]]] '''Lalam-pirenena faha-14''' - (Route nationale 14 T (RN 14 T) )  Tanàna:  [[Ifanadiana]] – [[Ikongo]] - (92 km) - Tsy vita rarivato mihitsy ity lalana ity.   ==Lalam-pirenena eto Madagasikara== - [[Lalam-pirenena eto Madagasikara]]  {{reflist}} {{commonscat|Route nationale 14 (Madagascar)}}  [[Sokajy:Lalana eto Madagasikara]] »</comment>
      <origin>1137632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="467" sha1="ajqtiyiyfn9o9h77itlta0lsqeoja3d" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|21|28|01|S|47|32|20|E|}}
[[File:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lalam-pirenena faha-14|RN 14]] [[Ambiabe]] - [[Andefapony]]]]
'''Lalam-pirenena faha-14''' - (Route nationale 14 T (RN 14 T) )

Tanàna:  [[Ifanadiana]] – [[Ikongo]] - (92 km) - Tsy vita rarivato mihitsy ity lalana ity.


==Lalam-pirenena eto Madagasikara==
- [[Lalam-pirenena eto Madagasikara]]

{{reflist}}
{{commonscat|Route nationale 14 (Madagascar)}}

[[Sokajy:Lalana eto Madagasikara]]</text>
      <sha1>ajqtiyiyfn9o9h77itlta0lsqeoja3d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kolera</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299527</id>
    <redirect title="Kôlerà" />
    <revision>
      <id>1137646</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T07:57:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Kolera]] ho [[Kôlerà]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1137646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="s6byaap1i44hrqr7iu9sluzzlcwt07f" xml:space="preserve">#FIHODINANA [[Kôlerà]]</text>
      <sha1>s6byaap1i44hrqr7iu9sluzzlcwt07f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137648</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Voambolana malagasy</comment>
      <origin>1137648</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8870" sha1="6md5cf8pb2xu7by3rvfijuby19ember" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B          ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* brônsita

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* erotra
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* famehy
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* fampidiram-panefitra      
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* faty
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* folaka an-defitra  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* fora
* forofotra
* fototr' aretina       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* gararàka
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* harokaty   
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* hidihidy
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo           
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* kopoke     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* lagaly
* laim-pana
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* lavahaotsy
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M  ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* malemy taolana   
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* manirano
* marary
* marika fanombohan' ny aretina   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* menenzita
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* mikraoba
* mikrôba
* mikrôby
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* mioritra
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* mitohana
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* monilahy
* mony
* mpampivelona,
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* nana
* nendra
* nendram-boalavo
* nevraljia   
* ngorongosy
* nikaritsy
* noetse 

== O      ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* oli-manara

* oli-nify
* olitra
* otrikanina
* otrikaretina

== P ==

* pahina
* panarisy
* paralisia    
* parasy lafrika
* penisilinina          
* pepo
* pesta
* petakilasy 
* pilina
* pilin-kankana       
* piriritra
* pitsoka     
* pnemônia
* poizina
* poliomielita          
* polisa
* pororoky
* po-tany

== R           ==

* raboka
* raboka voalohany
* ratra
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* renin-jaza
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* rohana
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* sakafo ara-pahasalamana 
* sakinte     
* sakoitra
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* satiornisma          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* septisemia
* serengy
* serôlôjia   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* soko
* sokoraty
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T         ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* taindomitra
* tai-nify
* tairà
* taiza
* takalonenina
* takilodrano                      
* takodimena          
* takodimia 
* takolomenina       
* tako-pery
* talatelaka 
* tambavy   
* tamberona
* tandomerina
* tandomitra                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* tapano      
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* tazo
* tazo tefoedra,
* tazomoka 
* tazovony  
* tefoedra
* tetanosy   
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* tiripanôzôma        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* tohina       
* tomboka   
* torana       
* treho        
* tsakoahina
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* tsiloly       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita,
* tsirirìka
* tsogofoitra,
* tsoko
* tsongofoitra         
* tsy fahitan-tory    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V       ==

* vailahy
* vain’ omby
* vaingan-dra         
* vaivonto
* vaksiny    
* vaky feo   
* valanaretina         
* valan-dra  
* vay
* vay ratsy  
* vibrio       
* vika
* viky          
* viky fohy 
* viky vahy

* vindina
* viriosy
* virosy
* vitamina   
* voakanina
* voavary
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* votsy

== Z         ==

* zihinofo</text>
      <sha1>6md5cf8pb2xu7by3rvfijuby19ember</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137664</id>
      <parentid>1137648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:56:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Rohy anatiny</comment>
      <origin>1137664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9338" sha1="1w1pelxhwxbj52u2th83tn09zalqwom" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B          ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M  ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O      ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R           ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T         ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* tohina       
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana       
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V       ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z         ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>1w1pelxhwxbj52u2th83tn09zalqwom</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137670</id>
      <parentid>1137664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T09:25:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* T         */</comment>
      <origin>1137670</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9356" sha1="4mp2duzevpaygozjg9p9g12ad7d1j12" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B          ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M  ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O      ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R           ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T         ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* [[tohina (fahasalamana)]]      
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana       
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V       ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z         ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>4mp2duzevpaygozjg9p9g12ad7d1j12</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137672</id>
      <parentid>1137670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:23:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9362" sha1="6jnhmxk9vjvquo0r1qalqk2w4bemygp" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B          ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M  ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O      ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R           ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T         ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* [[tohina (fahasalamana)]]      
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana
* [[tosi-dra]] 
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V       ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z         ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>6jnhmxk9vjvquo0r1qalqk2w4bemygp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137676</id>
      <parentid>1137672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:31:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* O      */</comment>
      <origin>1137676</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9354" sha1="n2b8pqknx0wjrmfvp0oharaq95e46pi" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B          ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M  ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R           ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T         ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* [[tohina (fahasalamana)]]      
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana
* [[tosi-dra]] 
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V       ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z         ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>n2b8pqknx0wjrmfvp0oharaq95e46pi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137677</id>
      <parentid>1137676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:33:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137677</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9290" sha1="lnaixfjat8taczd35llob246tq62wh5" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* [[tohina (fahasalamana)]]      
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana
* [[tosi-dra]] 
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>lnaixfjat8taczd35llob246tq62wh5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137683</id>
      <parentid>1137677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T11:38:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* H */ Nanampy anarana</comment>
      <origin>1137683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9311" sha1="pgygqqd4376pbzfdbzjpluidmyaee4h" xml:space="preserve">Inty ny '''voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana''' izay andaharana araka ny [[abidy]] ny anaran' ny aretina, ny mpamindra aretina, ny fisehon' aretina ary ny fomba fitsaboana amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]].

== A ==

* [[adirenalinina]]
* [[afa-jaza]]
* [[akohofotsy]]
* [[alofisaka]]
* ambo
* [[amboakelintenda]]
* [[amiba]]
* anakandro
* anakandroana
* andro
* [[androbe]]
* [[angadrano]]
* [[angamaina]]
* angamiana
* [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]]
* [[angorosy]]
* ankaña     
* [[Moka anôfela|anôfela]]     
* [[antibiôtika]]
* aody
* aretim-bôroño
* [[areti-mifindra]]      
* aretin' an-doha
* [[aretina]]
* aretina mifindra avy amin' ny filomiana 
* aretina mitaiza     
* aretina vokatry ny katsentsitra    
* areti-nify
* aretin-kibo           
* aretin-tenda
* aretin-tratra
* aritra
* aromikrôby          
* [[aromoka]]   
* asperzila  
* asperzilôzy           
* [[atodintariana]]       
* [[atodintarina]]         
* atodintazo
* atolikarine
* avy 

== B ==

* bae           
* bainomby
* baivonto
* [[bakteria]]    
* [[basirano]]
* [[bay]]
* be tongotra
* bearika
* beriberia   
* bibaka an-tenda   
* bilo           
* bobaka     
* boiboika
* boka
* bongo
* [[bonibony]]
* bôroño
* bozy
* bràonkô-pnemônia
* braonsita
* brônkô-pnemônia            
* [[brônsita]]

== D ==

* danidany  
* darina
* dedeky     
* [[diabeta]]     
* diapedezy
* [[difteria]]     
* dilo
* dimpoana 
* diry          
* [[disanteria]]
* [[donika]]      
* dorina      
* dridra

== E ==

* ehaka       
* ekstirasistôla        
* elektirômiôgrama 
* [[erotra]]
* esina
* esinesina  
* esona        
* [[evina]]
* [[evoka]]

== F ==

* fadiditra
* [[fahajambana]]
* [[fahamanganana]]
* faharariana
* faharisarisana       
* [[faharomotana]]
* [[fahasalamana]]
* fahasarotam-piaina
* [[fahasembanana]]    
* [[fahasitranana]]
* fahavoly   
* [[famalanana]]          
* famantarana amin' ny alalan' ny hoditra 
* famantarana ny soratr' aretina     
* [[famatovato]]          
* famboriana          
* [[famehy]]
* [[famonosam-pery]]
* [[famorifotra]]
* [[fampatoriana]]
* [[fampidiram-panefitra]]
* [[fampinonoana]]
* [[fampinonoan' ny reny]]      
* [[fampisaraha-nono]]
* fampitsitsirana     
* [[fampivalanana]]     
* [[fanadontoana]]      
* fanafana
* fanaintainana
* [[fanaizana]] 
* fanalan-dra
* [[Fahafahan-jaza|fanalan-jaza]]
* [[fanapoizinana]]      
* fanaretana
* [[fanasana tsinay]]
* [[fanaviana]]
* fandilofa
* fandotoana          
* fandrasana           
* fandrendrindrendrina
* fandrenohana
* fandrevorevoana
* [[fanefitra]]
* fangaka
* fangotsokotsoka
* [[fanintona]]
* fano
* [[fanoranana]]
* farary
* [[farasisa]]
* [[faty]]
* [[fery]]
* fery anaty
* fery mihady
* fiafia
* fiainana
* fiandry     
* [[fiempaka]]
* fifia          
* fifindran' aretina  
* fihanaky ny aretina         
* fihanaky ny mikrôby ao amin' ny ra       
* [[fihandronan-dra]]  
* [[fihentsina]] 
* fihoaka     
* fihondratsondratana        
* fiketrahana          
* [[fikoloam-pahasalamana]]   
* fikolokoloana      
* fikorosy   
* [[filantsika]]  
* filonjitra
* [[fimailo]]
* [[fiotrehana]]
* fipahimpahina      
* fipiriritse  
* [[fipotsahan-tsinay]] 
* firofotra
* fitaizana ny vatana sy ny saina   
* fitepon' ny fo       
* [[fitsaboana]]
* [[fitsaha-jaza]]
* [[fitsaha-potoana]]    
* [[fitsapan-kafanana]] (na fandrefy hafana)
* [[fitsefatsefahana]]   
* [[fivaingan' ny ra]]    
* fivoahan' ny ahitra
* fivoahan' ny tavony        
* [[flebita]]      
* fofoka
* fohy fijery
* fohy maso
* [[folaka]]
* [[folaka an-defitra]]  
* folakalefitry
* fongo
* [[forofotra]]
* [[fototr' aretina]]       
* foza

== G ==

* [[gaotra]]
* [[gararàka]]
* goleda
* [[gripa]]
* [[Gripa|gripy]]

== H ==

* haboka
* [[habokana]]
* hajamba   
* [[hajambana]]
* [[hamatra]]    
* hanatra     
* [[hanoanana]]
* harañane
* hararaotra
* harenina   
* [[harokaty]]
* [[haromotana]]
* [[hasemporana]]        
* [[hatavezana]]
* [[hatina]] (na ankirigadra, keligadra, kia, kirigadra, lagasy na lavahaotra)
* [[havizanana]]
* hay an-tsoson-koditra
* [[hemôfilia]]   
* [[hempôrôida]]
* [[hery fiarovana]]
* [[hidihidy]]
* hintsina
* hirifiry
* hitoka
* hitokitoka
* [[hodipotsy]]
* hôlabary   
* holabay    
* holamena
* [[Holatra (sisan' ny fery)|holatra]]
* [[homamiadana]]      
* hontsa
* [[hôpitaly]]
* horintsina
* hotsohotso
* hotsokotsoky
* hozohozo

== I ==

* ihy

== J ==

* jabonina   
* jadomo     
* [[jihijihy]]      
* jinja
* joboñina
* jobonona

== K ==

* kaka
* kambo
* [[kankam-pisaka]]
* [[kankana]]
* [[kankandio]]
* [[kankan-dronono]]
* [[kansera]]     
* kardiôgrama        
* karibonetra
* [[kasoa]]        
* [[katapilasy]] 
* kesa
* ketsa        
* kibango    
* kibay
* kibolabola
* kifongo
* [[kilema]]      
* kilo       
* kimavo
* [[Kininina (fanafody)|kininina]]
* [[kista]]         
* kite           
* [[kitrotro]]
* kitsamby  
* kitso         
* kizavo
* koha-dambo
* [[kohadavareny]]
* [[kohaka]]
* koha-maina          
* kôkosy tohivakana          
* kôksidiôzy           
* kola
* kolanga
* [[Kolera|kôlerà]]
* kolonga    
* kondolo   
* [[kopoke]]     
* korofotra  
* kotriatra   
* kôtsatra    
* kotsilaka 

== L ==

* ladilady
* ladinintrambo
* [[Hatina|lagaly]] (na [[hatina]])
* [[laim-pana]]
* lalaitry      
* lava maso
* [[lavahaotsy]]
* lavira
* lemimpoizina       
* loiloy
* lonjitra     
* lotsi-dra 

== M ==

* maivivy
* malailay
* [[malemy taolana]]
* maloiloy
* mamorofotra
* manamonaina
* manavy
* mangorintsina
* mangotsoka
* maniotsioka
* [[manirano]]
* [[marika fanombohan' ny aretina]]   
* marisa
* mason-jokiny       
* matorim-panafody          
* [[menenzita]]
* mianiany
* miempaka
* mifarina
* [[mikraoba]]
* [[mikrôba]]
* [[mikrôby]]
* milebolebo
* miôgrama 
* miolan-katoka      
* [[mioritra]]
* misalebolebo
* misalebona
* misalembona
* misolebileby
* [[mitohana]]
* moana
* moñe
* môngôlisma         
* [[monilahy]]
* [[Mony (aretina)|mony]]
* [[mpampivelona]]
* mpisota    
* mpitondra aretina

== N ==

* [[nana]]
* [[nendra]]
* [[nendram-boalavo]]
* [[nedran-drajako]]
* [[nevraljia]]   
* [[ngorongosy]]
* nikaritsy
* [[noetse]]

== O ==

* ody
* olam-pandriana    
* [[oli-manara]]

* [[oli-nify]]
* [[olitra]]
* [[otrikaina]]
* [[otrikanina]]
* [[otrikaretina]]

== P ==

* [[pahina]]
* [[panarisy]]
* [[paralisia]]
* [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso|paralisisa]]
* [[parasy lafrika]]
* [[penisilinina]]          
* [[pepo]]
* [[pesta]]
* [[petakilasy]]
* [[pilina]]
* [[piriritra]]
* [[pitsoka]]     
* [[pnemônia]]
* [[pneomônia]]
* [[poizina]]
* [[pôliômielita]]          
* polisa
* pororoky
* [[po-tany]]

== R ==

* [[raboka]]
* raboka voalohany
* [[ratra]]
* rendrindrendrina 
* renina
* [[renin-jaza]]
* risarisa      
* ritaka        
* rofotra                  
* roha
* [[rohana]]
* roria

== S ==

* safofoka   
* safotany
* [[sakafo]]
* sakinte     
* [[sakoitra]]
* salebona   
* salohin-kôkosy    
* salontsolonina      
* sanatôriôma         
* sangery    
* saro-devonina      
* [[satiornisma]]          
* sefo
* sefosefo
* sekatse     
* [[septisemia]]
* serengy
* [[serôlôjia]]   
* serôma     
* sery
* SIDA                   
* sinta
* sita           
* sohika
* soki-nendra
* [[soko (katsentsitra)]]
* [[Kankandio|sokoraty]]
* solavady
* solohitra
* solohotra
* solonify    
* sominda   
* stetôskôpy

== T ==

* taha          
* taha fery
* taheny      
* taikombindoha    
* [[taindomitra]]
* tai-nify
* [[tairà]]
* taiza
* takalonenina
* [[takilodrano]]                      
* takodimena          
* [[takodimia]]
* takolomenina       
* [[tako-pery]]
* talatelaka 
* [[tambavy]]   
* tamberona
* [[tandomerina]]
* [[tandomitra]]                       
* tandrokoala
* tangoka
* [[tapano]]
* tapoaka    
* tatatra      
* tavosorotro          
* [[tazo]]
* [[tazo tefoedra]]
* [[tazomoka]]
* [[tazovony]]  
* [[tefoedra]]
* [[tetanôsy]]
* tety
* tevi-doha 
* tevika       
* [[tiripanôzôma]]        
* tobin-pahasalamana
* [[tohina (fahasalamana)]]      
* [[tomboka]]   
* torana
* [[tosi-dra]] 
* treho        
* [[tsakoahina]]
* tseroka     
* tsevo-drano
* tsi-dra      
* tsiheña     
* tsikehina  
* tsikendrotra         
* tsikodimeny
* [[tsiloly]]       
* tsimbina   
* tsindrona an-dalandrà     
* tsingevitra
* tsipitapita
* tsirirìka
* tsoko
* [[tsongofoitra]]         
* [[tsy fahitan-tory]]    
* tsy laitran' ny aretina

== V ==

* vailahy
* vain' omby
* [[vaingan-dra]]         
* [[vaivonto]]
* [[vaksiny]]
* vaky feo   
* [[valanaretina]]         
* [[valan-dra]]  
* [[vay]]
* [[vay ratsy]]  
* [[vibriô]]       
* vika
* [[viky]]          
* [[viky fohy]]
* [[viky vahy]]

* vindina
* [[viriosy]]
* [[virosy]]
* [[vitamina]]
* [[vitaminina]] 
* voakanina
* [[voavary]]
* vokoka     
* vonto
* vory
* [[votsy]]

== Z ==

* [[zihinofo]]</text>
      <sha1>pgygqqd4376pbzfdbzjpluidmyaee4h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paralysisa ao amin'ny atidoha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299529</id>
    <redirect title="Paralisisa ao amin&#039;ny atidoha" />
    <revision>
      <id>1137658</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:17:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Paralysisa ao amin'ny atidoha]] ho [[Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1137658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="lsarkrvxi57n1vslsmuhtie1q6k8p1z" xml:space="preserve">#FIHODINANA [[Paralisisa ao amin'ny atidoha]]</text>
      <sha1>lsarkrvxi57n1vslsmuhtie1q6k8p1z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299530</id>
    <redirect title="Paralisisa amin&#039;ny torimaso" />
    <revision>
      <id>1137662</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T08:24:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nanova ny anaran'i [[Paralysisa amin'ny torimaso]] ho [[Paralisisa amin'ny torimaso]] i Thelezifor</comment>
      <origin>1137662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="m9a81y6mjxblkso5p9r7j0i07j9kt3f" xml:space="preserve">#FIHODINANA [[Paralisisa amin'ny torimaso]]</text>
      <sha1>m9a81y6mjxblkso5p9r7j0i07j9kt3f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vaivonto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299531</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137665</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T09:15:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fitambarana nana miangona ao anatin' ny tambatsela</comment>
      <origin>1137665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="937" sha1="8q7wh2jfq2eluhx5zb82l12dtshrdzw" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Five day old Abscess.jpg|vignette|288x288px|Vaivonto]]
Ny '''vaivonto''' dia fitambarana [[nana]] miangona ao anatin' ny [[tambatsela]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;n' ny vatana, matetika vokatry ny [[bakteria]]. Famantarana sy soritr' aretin' ny vaivonto ny hoditra mena, ny fanaintainana, ny hafanana ary ny fivontosana. Mahalana kokoa sy miforona miadana tsy misy fisehoany mamaivay ny vaivonto sasany ([[toberkolôzy]], aretina vokatry ny [[holatra]], sns.).

Mety ho miseho ho feno ranoka ilay fivontosana rehefa tsindriana. Miitatra mihoatra ny faritry ny fivontosana ny faritra misy mena matetika. Karazan' ny vaivonto ny [[kifongo]] (antraksa) sy ny [[vailahy]], ary lehibe kokoa ny kifongo. Mitovitovy amin' ny vavonto ny [[kista]], saingy misy ranoka hafa fa tsy nana, ary manana rindrina voafaritra mazava ny kista. Mety miforona anatin' ny taova  sy aorian' ny fandidiana koa ny vaivonto.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Vay]]
* [[Fery]]
* [[Ratra]]</text>
      <sha1>8q7wh2jfq2eluhx5zb82l12dtshrdzw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tohina (fahasalamana)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137671</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T09:51:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tsy fahazakana akora iray ka mampihetsika mafy ny hery fiarovana</comment>
      <origin>1137671</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="898" sha1="aj76otb0ujn92456a4dihpleh4bsls4" xml:space="preserve">Ny '''tohina''' dia tsy fahazakana akora iray vokatry ny fanitaran' ny famaliana tafahoatra ataon' ny [[hery fiarovana]], indrindra fa ny mamaivay, vokatry ny [[mpisota]] (antizenina) izay amin' ny ankapobeny tsy tokony hampaninona akory nefa tsy fantatry ny vatana ka mahatonga ny hery fiarovana handray azy ho zavatra mampidi-doza. Mety ifandovan' ny fianakaviana izany. Mety ho antony mampiitatra aretina izany hoan' ny olona sasany. Ohatra amin' ny zavatra tsy zakan' ny olona sasany ireto: [[vovobony]], [[Vovo-tany|vovoka]], [[volom-biby]], [[sakafo]] sasany ([[voanjo]], [[ronono]], [[atody]]...), [[fanafody]], poizin' ny bibikely ([[tantely]], [[fanenitra]]). Ny fisehony dia mety amin' ny alalan' ny mievina, mikoriana ranon' orona, mangidihidy, mena na  misy votrovotro eo amin' ny hoditra, ranomaso, hasemporana.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>aj76otb0ujn92456a4dihpleh4bsls4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zihinofo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299533</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137679</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:46:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fihenjanan' ny hozatra</comment>
      <origin>1137679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="596" sha1="j3isrjnnr1woadd1bmgbz19rw4urr49" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Gastrocnemius muscle - animation.gif|vignette|Ny hozatry ny ranjo izay matetika voan' ny zihinofo]]
Ny '''zihinofo''' dia fihenjanan' ny hozatra izay maharary sy mandalo. Mitranga matetika amin' ny hozatra mpampilefitra ny sandry na ny tongotra ny zihinofo, izay mahazo ny 37&amp;nbsp;% amin' ny mponina materan-tany araka ny angon-drakitra misy manodidina ny taona 1990. Mitranga amin' ny fomba tsy mbola takatra tanteraka ny zihinofo sasany, ka manazava ny fetran' ny safidim-pitsaboana amin' izao fotoana izao izany.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>j3isrjnnr1woadd1bmgbz19rw4urr49</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1137680</id>
      <parentid>1137679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:49:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1137680</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="608" sha1="m779h59uwasog53h6d0s6q2nya0ct1g" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:Gastrocnemius muscle - animation.gif|vignette|Ny hozatry ny ranjo izay matetika voan' ny zihinofo]]
Ny '''zihinofo''' dia fihenjanan' ny [[hozatra]] izay maharary sy mandalo. Mitranga matetika amin' ny hozatra mpampilefitra ny [[sandry]] na ny [[tongotra]] ny zihinofo, izay mahazo ny 37&amp;nbsp;% amin' ny mponina materan-tany araka ny angon-drakitra misy manodidina ny taona 1990. Mitranga amin' ny fomba tsy mbola takatra tanteraka ny zihinofo sasany, ka manazava ny fetran' ny safidim-pitsaboana amin' izao fotoana izao izany.

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>m779h59uwasog53h6d0s6q2nya0ct1g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taovam-pandevonan-kanina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299534</id>
    <redirect title="Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina" />
    <revision>
      <id>1137681</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T10:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fihodinana</comment>
      <origin>1137681</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="cd0ls5f11qn112jphioqwvyvhe35s3q" xml:space="preserve">#FIHODINANA[[Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina]]</text>
      <sha1>cd0ls5f11qn112jphioqwvyvhe35s3q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hery fiarovana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>299535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1137682</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-08T11:37:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thelezifor</username>
        <id>15140</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fomba fiarovana ny fahasalamana mandeha hoazy ao amin' ny biby</comment>
      <origin>1137682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2696" sha1="ifkk2dhid1ay7ccwt96nhv0d2gdm1rh" xml:space="preserve">[[Sary:SEM Lymphocyte.jpg|vignette|337x337px|Ny [[sela fotsy]], singa fototra amin' ny hery fiarovana ao amin' ny [[biby manana hazondamosina]].]]
Ny '''hery fiarovana''' ao amin' ny [[zavamananaina]] dia rafitra biôlôjia voaforon' ny fitambaran' ny singa famantarana sy fiarovana izay manavaka ny tena sy ny tsy tena. Potehina izay fantatra fa tsy ny tena.

Miaro ny zavamananaina amin' ny [[otrikaretina]] izy: [[Virosy|viriosy]], [[bakteria]], [[katsentsitra]], poti-javatra na [[Môlekiola|molekiola]] &quot;vahiny&quot; sasany (anisan' izany ny poizina sasany), ary koa ny selam-pivontosana amin' ny [[homamiadana]]. Mety hitarika amin' ny fandavana ny famindrana taova sy amin' ny aretina vokatry ny fiasan' ny hery fiarovana izany.

Nolovaina hatrany am-bohoka izy io, saingy mahaleo tena sy mampifanaraka ny fiasany amin' ny zava-misy, avy eo dia mivoatra araka ny fifandraisana misy azy amin' ny [[mikrôba]] na ny akora misy eo amin' ny tontolo iainana vahiny ho an' ny vatana.

Misy karazany maro ny hery fiarovana eo amin' ny karazam-biby, ary amin' ny ankapobeny dia misy hery fiarovana maromaro no miara-miasa ao anatin' ny zavamananaina iray.

Ho an' ny karazana maro, anisan' izany ny [[biby mampinono]], dia misy sosona telo ny hery fiarovana. Tena mandray anjara amin' izany ny sela fiarovana antsoina hoe [[sela fotsy]] vokarin' ny sela fototra ao anatin' ny [[tsoka]] mena. Tsy manakana ny fifandraisana sy fiaraha-miasa manan-danja eo amin' ny sosona telo izany rafitra telo sosona izany:

* ny sakana ataon' ny [[Temitra (tambatsela)|temitra]], toy ny fiarovana ny [[hoditra]] sy ny [[hodimando]], ny asidran' ny vavony;
* ny fiarovana tsy voafaritra na voajanahary azo avy amin' ny sela fiarovana amin' ny rojon-tsela ao amin' ny tsoka;
* ny fiarovana manokana avy amin' ny sela fiarovana ao amin' ny rojon-tsela fotsy. Manohitra ny [[otrikaretina]] ivelan' ny sela ny fiarovana amin' ny alalan' ny ranoka noho ny fisian' ny [[mpisetra]] manokana, prôteinina vokarin' ny sela fotsy B. Manohitra ny otrikaretina anaty sela, izay anjaran' ny sela fotsy T, ny fiarovan' ny sela. Tsy misy afa-tsy amin' ny [[biby manana hazondamosina]] ity sosona farany ity.

Antsoina hoe ny '''setrim-piarovana''' ny fanairana ny hery fiarovana ho setrin' ny fahafantarana ny tsy-tena, na mahery setra na tsia, eo anatrehan' ny fanafihana na ny fahasimban' ny fiasan' ny zavamananaina.

Ny fitambaran' ireo hery fiarovana rehetra ireo (anisan' izany mandritra ny fanaovam-baksiny) no ahafahan' ny hery fiarovana hanao ny asany amim-pahombiazana. Miharatsy anefa izany rehefa mandroso ny taona (fahanteran' ny hery fiarovana).

== Jereo koa ==

* [[Voambolana momba ny fahasalamana sy ny fitsaboana]]</text>
      <sha1>ifkk2dhid1ay7ccwt96nhv0d2gdm1rh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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