Wikipedia mgwiki https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fandraisana MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Rakitra Manokana Dinika Mpikambana Dinika amin'ny mpikambana Wikipedia Dinika amin'ny Wikipedia Sary Dinika amin'ny sary MediaWiki Dinika amin'ny MediaWiki Endrika Dinika amin'ny endrika Fanoroana Dinika amin'ny fanoroana Sokajy Dinika amin'ny sokajy TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 1804 1146978 1137515 2026-07-07T00:28:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Logo Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy.jpg|vignette|Sary sy soratra famantarana ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ahitana ny [[Raozin' i Lotera]] sy ny foto-kevitra efatry ny [[loteranisma]]|313x313px]] Ny '''Fiangonana''' '''Loterana''' '''Malagasy''', izay hafohezina amin' ny hoe '''FLM''', dia [[Protestantisma eto Madagasikara|fiangonana kristiana prôtestanta eto Madagasikara]] izay nateraky ny fitambaran' ny fikambanana misiônera loterana maro tamin' ny taona 1950 niasa teto [[Madagasikara]], sady miray amin' ny Fiangonana Loterana maneran-tany izay nipoitra avy tamin' ny [[Fanavaozana prôtestanta|Refôrmasiôna]] nataon-dry [[Martin Luther|Martin Lotera]]. Nanohy ny fampianaran' ny misiônera loterana tonga teto Madagasikara ity fiangonana ity nefa manana ny fahasamihafany amin' ny fiangonana loterana any ivelany, noho ny fisian' ny [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|fifohazana]] mampiavaka ny [[prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara]], izay mandray anjara lehibe amin' ny fitaomana ny olona ho kristiana. Laharana fahatelo ny FLM raha ny habetsahan' ny mpino no jerena (eo anelanelan' ny 3 tapitrisa sy 4 tapitrisa any ho any). Maro amin' ny mpino ao aminy no misahana ny asan' ny misionera any amin' ny firenen-kafa toa an' i [[Kamerona]] sy i [[Papoa Ginea Vao|Papoa Ginea Vaovao]] ary i [[Tailandy]]. == Ny tantarany == === Ny niandohany === [[Sary:Fourth class at the Seminary for pastoral education at Masinandraina Madagascar 1893.jpg|vignette|251x251px|Mpianatra pastora tao [[Masinandraina]] tamin' ny taona 1893 (tahirin-tsarin'ny NMS).]] Ny fiangonana loterana teto Madagasikara dia vokatry ny [[Fitoriana ny filazantsara|fitoriana ny Filazantsara]] nataon' ny misiônera avy tamin' ny Misiona Norveziana ([[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]]: ''[[Norwegian Missionary Society]]'' - NMS, na [[Fiteny nôrveziana|nôrveziana]]: ''Norsk Misjonsselskap'') nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1866 sy ny Misiona Amerikana (''[[Americana Lutheran Church]]'' - ALC sy ''Lutheran Board of Mission'' - LBM) nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1888. Tao [[Betafo]] no naorin' i John Engh sy i Nils Nielsen ny trano fiangonana loterana voalohany teto Madagasikara ary i [[John Engh]] no [[pastora]] loterana voalohany tao. Ireo tanora roa lahy ireo dia nirahina taorian' ny fandehanany hanao fanadihadiana avy any [[Afrika Atsimo]], nosahanin' ilay eveka atao hoe [[Hans Schreuder]]. Tonga tao [[Antananarivo]] izy ireo tamin' ny 27 Septambra 1866 ka narakarahin' ny misionera maro hafa koa, anisan' izany ireto tanisaina manaraka ireto: [[Torkild Guttormsen Rosaas]], [[Lars Dalhe]], [[Nielsen Lund]], [[Lars Vig]], [[Arne Valen]], [[L. J. Rostvig]], [[Hans Wilhelmsen]] ary [[O. J. R. Thesen]]. Ny misionera loterana avy any [[Etazonia|Amerika]] dia tonga teto fotoana fohy taorian' izany ka nanorina stasiôna, indrindra ny tao amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' i [[Madagasikara]]. Nomena ho sahanin' izy ireo io faritra io tamin' ny taona 1891 taorian' ny fangatahana nataon' izy ireo tamin' ny NMS, ka anisan' ny misionera amerikana tonga voalohany i Habstad sy i Tou. === Fanorenana fiangonana sy sekoly ary toeram-pitsaboana === [[Sary:Antsirabe-07.jpg|vignette|Ny fiangonana loterana Antsirabe-Antampotanàna, niorina tamin' ny taona 1869.]] Raha vao tonga teto [[Madagasikara]] ny fikambanana misionera dia nanorina sekoly sy hôpitaly maro mba hampandrosoana ny [[Fitoriana ny filazantsara|fitoriana ny Filazantsara]] sy hanampiana ny fiarahamonina malagasy. Anisan' ny fiangonana voaorin' ny misionera voalohany teto Madagasikara ireto tanisaina manaraka ireto: * Betafo (1867) * Masinandraina sy Antsirabe (1869) * Loharano sy Soavina Ambohimasina ary Manandona (1870) * Antananarivo Ambatovinaky sy Fisakana (1871) * Ilaka sy Ambatofinandrahana ary Fihasinana (1875) * Soatanana Fianarantsoa (1876) * Masombahoaka Fianarantsoa (1878). === Mankany amin' ny fahaleovan-tena === Ny [[pastora]] sady evanjelista loterana malagasy voalohany dia nofanin' ny misionera nôrveziana tao [[Ambatovinaky]] ([[Antananarivo]]) tamin' ny taona 1871 hatramin' ny 1885 alohan' ny hamindrana izany any [[Masinandraina]], ao akaikin' [[Antsirabe]] (1890 - 1893), avy eo tao [[Fianarantsoa]]. Fantatra amin' ny anarana hoe "Efapolo lahy" ny sekoly fanofanana [[pastora]] sy evanjelista tao Masinandraina, izay nisy mpianatra miisa 40 tamin' ny fiandohany. Efa nisy koa ny mpampianatra zaza madinika nofanina tao Masinandraina nanomboka tamin' ny Janoary 1878 rehefa voatsangan' i [[Lars Vig]] ny sekoly fanofanana mpampianatra. Ireo misionera samihafa ireo, taorian' izay, dia nanorina fikambanana maro niaraka tamin' ny mpino loterana malagasy. Ny fikambanana misionera telo lehibe dia nikambana ho iray tamin' ny Nôvambra 1950 ka niova anarana hoe ''Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy''. Niisa 1&nbsp;800 ny fiangonana loterana efa niorina tamin' izany fotoana izany. Ny pastora [[Rakoto Andrianarijaona]] no lany ho filohan' ny FLM voalohany ny Septambra 1961 tamin' ny fanaovana Synoda Lehibe tany [[Toliara]]. == Ny FLM ankehitriny == === Ny fitomboany === Ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy dia fiangonana tsy mitsaha-mitombo indrindra amin' ny fiangonana loterana maneran-tany, vokatry ny asan' ny [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|Fifohazana]] indrindra indrindra. Miisa 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;000 any ho any ny mpino loterana eto Madagasikara araka tatitra nataon' ny [[Lutheran World Federation]] (LWF)<ref><small>[https://www.lutheranworld.org/content/malagasy-lutheran-church "Malagasy Lutheran Church", ''The lutheran world federation''] {{Wayback|url=https://www.lutheranworld.org/content/malagasy-lutheran-church |date=20200303082824 }}</small></ref> sy ny [[World Council of Churches]] <ref><small>[https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/malagasy-lutheran-church-flm "Malagasy Lotheran Chuhrch", ''World Council of Churches'']</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2018 dia tombanana ho 4 tapitrisa izany. Laharana fahasivy amin' ny fiangonana loterana lehibe indrindra maneran-tany mpikambana ao amin' ny [[Lutheran World Federation]] ny FLM. Ny FLM ankehitriny dia misy synoda miisa 25, ka anisan' izany ny Synoda FLM any Eorôpa, sy fiangonana miisa 6&nbsp;000 any ho any miparitaka manerana an' i Madagasikara sy any am-pitan-dranomasina. Tamin' ny taona 2018 no nankalazana miaraka ny faha-500 taonan' ny [[Fanavaozana prôtestanta|Refôrmasiôna prôtestanta]] nataon' i [[Martin Lotera]] sy ny faha-150 taonana nahaterahan' ny Fiangonana loterana eto Madagasikara. === Ny Fifohazana === Ny [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|Fifohazana]] dia hetsika ara-panahy, miorina amin' ny tenin' Andriamanitra<ref name=":1"><small>Bennett, Robert H. (2013). ''I Am Not Afraid: Demon Possession and Spiritual Warfare''. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. pp. xx, 6.</small></ref>, izay mirafitra koa ao amin' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy<ref><small>Razakandriana, Rivoniaina (2009). [https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/162057/2009_Rivoniaina-MTh.pdf?sequence=1 "The Malgasy Lutheran Church (FLM) as a missional church: An analysis of past and present models of evangelization with a special focus on the contemporary movement Tafika Masina"] {{Wayback|url=https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/162057/2009_Rivoniaina-MTh.pdf?sequence=1 |date=20190209191022 }} (PDF). Misjonshøgsskolen. p. 56.</small></ref>. Nanomboka tamin' ny fiovan' i [[Rainisoalambo]] tao [[Soatanàna]] ho kristiana tamin' ny taona 1894 izany, izay nitarika olona maro atao hoe "mpiandry" [[Fitoriana ny filazantsara|hitory ny Filazantsara]] sy hitaona ny olona mbola tsy kristiana (ataony hoe "Jentilisa") sy amin' ireo izay efa kristianina nefa mbola manohy ny [[fivavahan-drazana malagasy]]<ref name=":1" />. Manerana an' i [[Madagasikara]] dia ahitana toerana mitokana atao hoe "[[Tobim-pifohazana|toby]]", izay andraisany ny olona mila fampaherezana sy [[Fahasitranana mahagaga|fahasitranana]] amin' ny alalan' ny [[vavaka]] sy [[fametrahan-tanana]] sy [[Famoahana fanahy ratsy|fandroahana devoly]] ary fampaherezana<ref><small>Daniel, Rakotojoelinandrasana (2008). [https://books.google.mg/books?id=LMMjORk3uIcC&q=the+toby&pg=PR9&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=the%20toby&f=false "Holistic and Integrated Care for Spirit, Mind, and Body as Practiced by the Fifohazana"]. In Rich, Cynthia Holder (ed.). ''The Fifohazana: Madagascar's Indigenous Christian Movement''. pp. 91–92. <nowiki>ISBN 9781604975819</nowiki>.</small></ref>. Ny foibem-pifohazana atao hoe "[[Tobilehibe|toby lehibe]]", sy ny toby madinika atao hoe "zana-toby" sy ny mpikambana ao aminy no mivodrona ao amin' ny Firaisan' ny Fifohazana Loterana (FIFIL), izay sampana ao anatin' ny FLM. Mivondrona ao amin' ny fikambanam-pifohazana lehibe kokoa iraisany amin' ny [[Fiangonan' i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara]] (FJKM) ny FIFIL. === Ny asa misiona any ivelan' i Madagasikara === Ankehitriny dia miara-miasa amin' ny fikambanana misionera loterana hafa ny FLM, indrindra amin' ny [[Norwegian Missionary Society]] (NMS), amin' ny fampielezana ny filazantsara sy ny loteranisma any amin' ny firenen-kafa toa an' i [[Kômôro]], i [[Kamerona]], i [[Tailandy]], i [[Papoazia-Ginea-Vaovao]]. Ny ankamaroan' ireo misionera ireo dia dokotera, mpitsabo nify, [[evanjelista]] ary [[pastora]]. === Ny fitantanam-piangonana === ==== Rafitra sinôdaly ==== Ny [[Rafitra presbiteriana sinôdaly|rafitra synôdaly]], araka ny andraisan' ny FLM azy, dia [[Rafi-pitantanam-piangonana|rafitra]] mampanjaka ny fiombonana sy ny fiaraha-midinika eo amin' ny mino tsy anavahana sokajy (na [[pastora]] na [[laîka]]), mba handraisana fanapahan‐kevitra mikasika ny fiainan' ny Fiangonana, ka ireo mpanapa-kevitra ireo (izay mivondrona ao amin' ny atao hoe ny komity) dia solontena tendrena na fidina isaky ny ambaratonga (fiangonana, [[fitandremana]], [[fileovana]], synodam-paritany, FLM manontolo), mandritra ny fotoana voafetra, ka mitovy zo eo amin' ny fanapahan-kevitra ny samy pastora sy ny samy laîka ary ny ambaratonga mitovy tantana (izay mitovy adidy koa). Iombonana ny fitsipika sy ny [[litorjia]], iombonana koa ny asa isan' ambaratonga<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/8780/ Rafitry ny FLM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/8780/ |date=20211114092345 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref><ref><small>Tsy mahasakana ny mpitodra fivavahana sasany hanao didy jadona anefa izany noho ny tsy fahalalan' ny mpivavaka ao amin' ny fiangonana iadidiany.</small></ref>. ==== Ny ambaratonga eo amin' ny FLM ==== Ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy dia voalamina araka ny [[Rafitra presbiteriana sinôdaly|rafitra synodaly]]<ref><small>Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ''Lalampanorenana an'ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy'', KSL-21 Toliary, Septambra 2012, p. 5.</small></ref> ka ahitana an' izao: * ny fiangonana isan-toerana maromaro mifanakaiky no mitambatra ho "[[fitandremana]]" (atao hoe "mpitondra fitandremana" ny [[pastora]] misahana azy); * ny "fitandremana" maromaro mifanakaiky no mivondrona ho "[[fileovana]]" (atao hoe "mpitondra fileovana" ny pastora misahana azy); * ny "fileovana" maromaro no miray ho "synodam-paritany" (atao hoe "filohan' ny synodam-paritany" ny pastora misahana azy); * ireo rehetra ireo no mamorona ny FLM manontolo izay tantanan' ny Synoda Lehibe (atao hoe "filohan' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy" ny pastora misahana azy). Pastora daholo no mitandrina ireo ambaratonga ireo afa-tsy ny fiangonana tsy renivohi-pitandremana izay sahanin' ny katekista. Fifidianana eo anivon' ny synodam-paritany nomamaritra ny fanomezana [[pastora]] ny fitandremana sy ny fileovana. ==== Ny birao foibe sy ny Sinôda lehibe ==== Ny birao foiben' ny fiangonana loterana malagasy no tompon' andraikitra voalohany amin' ny fitantanana ny FLM. Izy no birao mpanatanteraka ny Komitin' ny Sinôda lehibe (KSL) sy ny Komity Mpiandraikitra ny Sinôda Lehibe (KMSL). Toa izao ny mpikambana ao aminy: misy filoha, filoha lefitra, tonia, tonia lefitra ary mpitahiry vola. Ny Synoda Lehibe dia fitambaran' ny synodam-paritany rehetra. Ny komitin' io Synoda Lehibe io (na KSL) dia mivory isaky ny efatra taona, ary ny Komity Mpiandraikitra ny Synoda Lehibe (KMSL) dia mivory indroa isan-taona. Ny filohan' ny FLM dia pastora fidin' ny KSL hisahana izany andraikitra izany mandritra ny efatra taona. Ny KSL dia ahitana mpikambana miisa 500 any ho any izay misolo tena ny synodam-paritany loterana rehetra eto amin' ny Nosy sy any Eorôpa. Ireto ny pastora filohan' ny FLM enina nifandimby nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1950: # Rakoto Andrianarijaona # Ranaivojaona Razafimanantsoa # Rabenorolahy Benjamin # Rakoto Endor Modeste # Rakotonirina Davida # Rakotozafy Denis Tamin' ny naha filohan' ny FLM ny pastora Rakotonirina David dia toy izao ny mpikambana tao aminy: * Filoha: Pastora Dr. Rakotonirina David. * Filoha Lefitra: Pastora Andrianjafy Octave Bénil, Filohan'ny SPats * Tonia: Pastora Randrianirina Dieu Donné. * Tonia Lefitra: Toromaree Mananato, Teolojiana. * Mpitahirivola: Atoa Lahiniriko Jean. ==== Ny Synodam-Paritany ==== Manana Synodam-Paritany (SP) miisa 25 ny FLM ka ireto avy izy ireo: [[Synodam-Paritany Avaratrimania|SP Avaratrimania]] (SPAM), [[Synodam-Paritany Afovoany|SP Afovoany]] (SPAf), [[Synodam-Paritany Fiherenana Toliara|SP Fiherenana Toliara]] (SPFT), [[Synodam-Paritany Betioky Atsimo|SP Betioky Atsimo]] (SPBA), [[Synodam-Paritany Atsinanana|SP Atsinanana]] (SPAts), [[Synodam-Paritany Menabe|SP Menabe]] (SPM), [[Synodam-Paritany Toamasina|SP Toamasina]] (SPTm), [[Synodam-Paritany Boina Mahajanga|SP Boina Mahajanga]] (SPBM), [[Synodam-Paritany Fisakana|SP Fisakana]] (SpaFi), [[Synodam-Paritany Faradofay|SP Faradofay]] (SPFa), [[Synodam-Paritany Ambovombe Androy|SP Ambovombe Androy]] (SPAA), [[Synodam-Paritany Antsiranana|SP Antsiranana]] (SPA), [[Synodam-paritany Manakara (FLM)|SP Manakara]] (SPMa), [[Synodam-Paritany Nosivolo|SP Nosivolo]] (SPN), [[Synodam-Paritany Anala|SP Anala]] (SPAN), [[Synodam-Paritany Horombe|SP Horombe]] (SPH), [[Synodam-Paritany Antananarivo|SP Antananarivo]] (SPAnta), [[Synodam-Paritany Melaky|SP Melaky]] (SPMel), [[Synodam-Paritany Alaotra|SP Alaotra]] (SPAl), [[Synodam-Paritany Avaratra Atsinanana|SP Avaratra Atsinanana]] (SPAvA), [[Synodam-Paritany Andriry Betroka|SP Andriry Betroka]] (SPAB), [[Synodam-Paritany Sofia|SP Sofia]] (SPSofia), [[Synodam-Paritany FLM Eoropa|SP FLM Eoropa]] (SPFLME), [[Synodam-Paritany Ambodiharan' i Vondrozo|SP Ambodiharan' i Vondrozo]] (SPAV), ary [[Synodam-Paritany Atsimonimania|SP Atsimonimania]] (SPAtsim) Ireto ny filohan' ny synodam-paritany talohan' ny fanavaozana ny birao tamin' ny taona 2020: # SP Avaratrimania (SPAM): Pastora Ratolojanahary Andriamanampisoa. # SP Afovoany (SPAf): Pastora Rralaivao François. # SP Fiherenana Toliara (SPFT): Pastora Razafimahatratra Angelos Modeste. # SP Betioky Atsimo (SPBA): Pastora Mahatoky Tsiombota. # SP Atsinanana (SPAts): Pastora Andrianjafy Octave Bénil. # SP Menabe (SPM): Pastora Velomahatombo. # SP Toamasina (SPTm): Pastora Kotosoa Claire. # SP Boina Mahajanga (SPBM): Pastora Rakoto Andriamamonjimisainasoa. # SP Fisakana (SpaFi): Pastora Randriamandimbisoa Alfred. # SP Faradofay (SPFa): Pastora Manarintsoa Rakotondravony Soloson. # SP Ambovombe Androy (SPAA): Pastora Mampitohy Elia. # SP Antsiranana (SPA): Pastora Razafinarivo Robelson. #SP Manakara (SPMa): Pastora Ratsitintanirina Gastrien. # SP Nosivolo (SPN): Pastora Rafamantanantsoa Zafimbelo Nelson. # SP Anala (SPAN) Pastora Randriamanantena. # SP Horombe (SPH): Pastora Andrianandraina Jean Josefa. # SP Antananarivo (SPAnta): Pastora Dr. Razafindrakoto Andrianoelina Georges. # SP Melaky (SPMel): Pastora Razafindrainiparisolo Mamy R. # SP Alaotra (SPAl): Pastora Ramanandraibe Helson Martin. # SP Avaratra Atsinanana (SPAvA): Pastora Razafimahatratra Jean de Dieu. # SP Andriry Betroka (SPAB): Pastora Rasolondrazany Manoela. # SP Sofia (SPSofia):Pastora Toto Armand. # SP FLM Eoropa (SPFLME): Pastora Dr. Rakotondreazaka Habberstad. # SP Ambodiharan' i Vondrozo (SPAV): Pastora Kotobesoa. # SP Atsimonimania (SPAtsim): Pastora Randriandrina Joelson. Tsy mitsaha-mitombo anefa ny fangatahana ny fiforonan' ny sinôdam-paritany vaovao noho ny antony maro. === Sampan-draharaha sy sampana velona === Ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy dia manana fikambanana ("sampana") mirafitra ao anatin' ny fiangonana, izay atao hoe "sampan-draharaha" sy "sampana velona". ==== Ny "sampan-draharaha" ao amin' ny FLM ==== Maromaro ihany ny sampan-draharaha ao amin' ny FLM, ka ireto ny santionany amin' izany: *Tafika Masina Maharitra (TMM); *Trano Printy Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy (TPFLM)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/trano-printy-flm/ Trano Printy FLM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/trano-printy-flm/|date=20211114082749}}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Fampianarana sy Fanabeazana Loterana (FFL); *Fampianarana sy Fanabeazana Teolojika Loterana (FFTL)<ref name=":2"><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fampianarana-sy-fanabeazana-teolojika-loterana/ Fampianarana sy Fanabeazana Teolojika Loterana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fampianarana-sy-fanabeazana-teolojika-loterana/|date=20211114084335}}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *[[Sekoly Ambony Loterana momba ny Teolojia]] (SALT)<ref name=":2" />; *Foibe Loterana momba ny Fifandraisana (FLF)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/flf-foibe-loterana-momba-ny-fifandraisana/ FLF (Foibe Loterana Momba Ny Fifandraisana)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/flf-foibe-loterana-momba-ny-fifandraisana/ |date=20211114092708 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Sampan' Asa Loterana momba ny Fahasalamana (SALFA)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/salfa/ SALFA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/salfa/ |date=20211114091406 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Foibe Fanabeazana ny Jamba (FOFAJA)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fofaja/ FOFAJA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fofaja/ |date=20211114082702 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Foibe Fanabeazana ny Marenina (FOFAMA)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fofama/ FOFAMA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fofama/ |date=20211114092705 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Fanentanana Fambolena sy Fiompiana (FAFAFI); *Asa Misiona Loterana amin' ny Tantsambo (AMLT)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/amlt-asa-misiona-loterana-aminny-tantsambo/ AMLT – Asa Misiona Loterana Amin’ ny Tantsambo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/amlt-asa-misiona-loterana-aminny-tantsambo/|date=20211114091258}}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Asa Fitoriana amin' ny Hasila (SHALOM)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/shalom/ SHALOM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/shalom/ |date=20211114082745 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *Fampandrosoana eo Anivon' ny Loterana (FAniLo); *Akanin' ny Marenina (AKAMA)<ref><small>[https://www.madagate.org/reportages/photos/2208-akama-les-enfants-malentendants-dans-la-cour-des-grands-a-iavoloha.html "AKAMA : les enfants malentendants dans la cour des grands à Iavoloha] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/reportages/photos/2208-akama-les-enfants-malentendants-dans-la-cour-des-grands-a-iavoloha.html |date=20240824200754 }}", ''www.madagate.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.studiosifaka.org/magazines/question-a-ho-aho/item/5892-aka-ma-ou-akanin-ny-marenina-un-etablissement-scolaire-prive-specialise-pour-les-eleves-malentendants.html AKAMA ou "Akanin' ny Marenina": un etablissement scolaire privé spécialisé pour les eleves malentendants]", ''www.studiosifaka.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://ledefi.mg/sekoly-akama-67-ha-tsy-natokana-ho-anny-ankizy-marenina-fotsiny-ihany/ Sekoly AKAMA 67 HA: tsy natokana ho an' ny ankizy marenina fotsiny ihany] {{Wayback|url=https://ledefi.mg/sekoly-akama-67-ha-tsy-natokana-ho-anny-ankizy-marenina-fotsiny-ihany/ |date=20240521165656 }}", ''ledefi.mg''</small></ref>; *Ivontoerana Loterana ho Fampivoarana ny Vehivavy (ILOFAV)<ref><small>"F[https://mg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiangonana_Loterana_Malagasy&veaction=edit&section=15 ikambanam-Behivavy Loterana]", ''www.flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *(FAFITO)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fafito/ FAFITO] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fafito/ |date=20211114082707 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>. Ankehitriny ny FLM dia manana sekoly maro (miisa 300) sy toeram-pitsaboana (miisa 44 mirafitra amin' ny SALFA), sekoly ho an' ny moana-marenina sy ny jamba (miisa 6), toeram-piofanana amin' ny fambolena sy ny fiompiana ho fampandrosoana ny eny ambanivohitra. Ny SALFA dia mandray anjara amin' ny fitsaboana, ny fanampiana ny zaza tsy ampy sakafo, ny fandrindram-pianakaviana ary ny fisorohana ny VIH/SIDA. ==== Ny "sampana velona" ao amin' ny fiangonana ==== Maromaro koa ny "sampana velona" na sampam-pikambanana ao amin' ny FLM, ka ireto avy izy ireo: * [[Sekoly Alahady Loterana Malagasy]] (SALoMa)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/saloma/ SALOMA (Sekoly Alahady LOterana MAlagasy)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/saloma/ |date=20211114082711 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; * [[Fiombonan' ny Kristiana Tanora Loterana Malagasy]] (FKTLM)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/ktlm/ KTLM (Kristiana Tanora Loterana Malagasy)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/ktlm/ |date=20211114092702 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; * [[Vokovokomanga Loterana Malagasy]] (VLM)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/vlm-vokovokomanga-loterana-malagasy/ VLM : Vokovokomanga Loterana Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/vlm-vokovokomanga-loterana-malagasy/ |date=20211114082727 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; * [[Fikambanana Skoto eto amin' ny FLM]] (FSFLM)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fsflm/ FSFLM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fsflm/ |date=20211114082709 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; *[[Fikambanam-Behivavy Loterana]] (FBL)<ref><small>"[http://www.flm-foibe.org/fikambam-behivavy-loterana/ Fikambanam-Behivavy Loterana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-foibe.org/fikambam-behivavy-loterana/ |date=20211114082704 }}", in ''flm-foibe.org''</small></ref>; * [[Fikambanan-Dehilahy Loterana]] (FDL); * [[Firaisan' ny Fifohazana Loterana]] (FIFIL). ==== Serasera anatiny ao amin' ny FLM ==== Nanomboka ny volana Avrily 2014 dia nisokatra ny tranonkala ôfisialin' ny FLM, iarahana amin' ny zanaky ny fiangonana, eo amin' ny sahan' ny FLM. Fitoriana mampiasa fitaovan-tserasera aterineto izy io. Natao ho azo tsidihin' ny rehetra, ary ity no adiresy ahitàna azy: [http://www.loterana-malagasy.org www.loterana-malagasy.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.loterana-malagasy.org/ |date=20180122131313 }}<ref><small>{{Cite web|title=kopian'ny arisiva|url=http://www.loterana-malagasy.org/|access-date=2023-08-10|archive-date=2018-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122131313/http://www.loterana-malagasy.org/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</small></ref> Fampianarana maro, fizaram-baovao, toriteny, lahateny, hira, onjam-peo handaharana hira sy fampianarana sns no navondrona tao amin' io sehatra io mba ahafahan' ny Kristiana manovo hery sy aim-panahy. Araka izany dia fiaraha-miasa avy amin' ny rehetra izy io, ary ny FLM foibe no nanome ny fahazoan-dàlana amin' izany, rehefa nahazo tsodrano avy amin' ny filohan' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy. Ny fototra iorenany sy ny asany dia ny an' ny fiangonana ihany: [[Sola scriptura|Soratra Masina irery ihany]], [[Sola gratia|fahasoavana irery ihany]], [[Sola fide|finoana irery ihany]], [[Solus Christus|Jesosy irery]] ihany. === Fifandraisan' ny FLM amin' ny fiangonana sy fikambanana hafa === ==== Fifandraisany amin' ny fiangonana eto Madagasikara ==== Mikambana ao amin' ny [[Fiombonan'ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara|Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara]] (FFKM) izay ivondronany amin' ny [[Eglizy Katolika Apostolika Romana (Madagasikara)|Eglizy Katolika Apostolika Romana]] (EKAR) sy ny [[Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara|Fiangonan' i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara]] (FJKM) ary ny [[Eklesia Episkopaly Malagasy]] (EEM) ny FLM. Mpikambana ao amin' ny [[Fiombonan'ny Fiangonana Protestanta eto Madagasikara|Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Protestanta eto Madagasikara]] (FFPM) koa izy miaraka amin' ny FJKM. ==== Fifandraisany amin' ny any ivelan' i Madagasikara ==== [[Sary:Second conference of the African lutheran Churches in Madagascar.jpg|vignette|Fivoriamben' ny Fiangonana Loterana aty Afrika, natao teto Madagasikara.]] Mifandray sy mikambana ao amin' ny ''[[World Council of Churches]]'' ("Fiombonan' ny fiangonana maneran-tany") nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1966 ny FLM. Mikambana ao amin' ny ''[[Lutheran World Federation]]'' (malagasy: Fiombonan’ ny Fiangonana Loterana Eran-Tany na FFLET) sy ny ''[[All Africa Conference of Churches]]'' ("Fiombonan' ny fiangonana eran' i Afrika") koa izy. Mifandray amin' ny ''[[Fiangonana Loterana - Sinôdan' i Missouri|Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]]'' (LCMS) ny FLM sady nankato tamin' ny alalan' ny fifidianana tamin' ny 25 Mey 2018 ny hampisy firaisana bebe kokoa amin' ny samy Kristiana loterana<ref><small>[https://ilc-online.org/2018/05/28/malagasy-lutherans-to-seek-fellowship-with-the-lcms/ "Malagasy Lutherans to seek fellowship with the LCMS, International Lutheran Council"]. [[:en:International_Lutheran_Council|International Lutheran Council]]. 28 May 2018.</small></ref>. Voaray ho mpikambana feno ao amin' ny ''[[International Lutheran Council]]'' (ILC) ny FLM tamin' ny fivoriambe natao tao Antwerp any Belzika tamin' ny 25-26 Septambra 2018<ref><small>Ny ILC dia nandray fiangonana mpikambana vaovao miisa 17 izay misy mpivavaka loterana miisa 4 150 000 eran'izao tontolo izao, [https://ilc-online.org/2018/09/26/ilc-welcomes-17-new-member-churches-representing-4-15-million-lutherans-worldwide/ International Lutheran Council Official Website, 26 Septambra 2018]</small></ref>. Saika nanapaka ny fifandraisany amin' ny [[Fiangonana Loterana Evanjelika ao Amerika|Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] (ELCA) ny FLM noho ny naneken' io fiangonana io ny fitsofan-dranom-panambadian' ny samy lehilahy na ny samy vehivavy, sy ny fanokanana ho mpitondra fiangonana ny lehilahy manambady lehilahy na ny vehivavy manambady vehivavy<ref><small>Luo, Michael; Capecchi, Christina (August 22, 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/22/us/22lutherans.html?hpw "Lutheran Group Eases Limits on Gay Clergy"]. ''The New York Times''.</small></ref>. Tsy sahala amin' ny nataon' ny fiangonana loterana hafa toy ny fiangonana loterana etiôpiana Evangelical Mekane Yesus Fellowship in North America (ao Amerika) sy ny [[Fiangonana Evanjelika Etiôpiana Mekane Iesosy|Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus]] (ao [[Etiôpia]]) izay nanapaka ny fifandraisana izany <ref><small>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/ethiopian-church-severs-ties-with-lutherans-over-homosexuality-89745/ Ethiopian Church Severs Ties With Lutherans Over Homosexuality] (notsidihina tamin'ny 12/12/2018).</small></ref>. == Ny finoany == === Soratra Masina === Amin' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy dia ny [[Kanônan' ny Baiboly|boky kanônika]] ao amin' ny [[Baiboly]] (ilay [[Baiboly prôtestanta|ampiasain' ny Prôtestanta]]), dia ny [[Testamenta Taloha]] sy ny [[Testamenta Vaovao]] no [[Soratra Masina]] anorenany ny finoany sy ny fampianarany<ref><small>Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ''Lalampanorenana an'ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy'', KSL-21 Toliary, Septambra 2012, p. 7.</small></ref>. === Fampianaram-pinoana sy fanekem-pinoana === Ireto avy ireo boky mirakitra ny fampianaram-pinoan' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy<ref name=":0"><small>Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ''Lalampanorenana an'ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy'', KSL-21 Toliary, Septambra 2012, p. 7.</small></ref>: * ny [[Boky Symbolika]], * ny [[Kônfesiôna Aogostana]], * ny [[Foto-pianarana kely]], nosoratan' i [[Martin Lotera|Lotera]]. Ireto ny [[fanekem-pinoana ekiomenika]] eken' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, dia ny [[Fanekem-pinoana apôstôlika|Fanekam-pinoana apôstôlika]] sy ny [[Fanekem-pinoana nikeana]] ary ny [[Fanekem-pinoana atanaziana]]<ref name=":0" />. ==== Ny fanekem-pinoana apôstôlika ==== "Mino an' [[Andriamanitra Ray]] Tsitoha, [[Famoronana (araka ny Baiboly)|Mpanao ny lanitra sy ny tany]] aho; Ary mino an' i [[Jesoa|Jesosy Kristy]], [[Andriamanitra Zanaka|Zanaka]] lahy Tokana Tompontsika. Izay notorontoronina tamin' ny [[Fanahy Masina]], naterak' i [[Maria (renin' i Jesoa)|Maria]] [[Fiteraham-birijiny|Virijiny]], nijaly raha nanapaka i [[Pôntio Pilato|Pontio Pilato]], nohomboana tamin’ ny [[Hazo fijaliana|hazofijaliana]], maty ka nalevina, [[Fidinan' i Kristy any amin' ny fiainan-tsi-hita|nidina tany amin' ny fiainan-tsi-hita]], [[Fitsanganan' i Jesoa ho velona|nitsangana tamin’ ny maty]] tamin’ ny andro fahatelo, [[Fiakaran' i Kristy any an-danitra|niakatra ho any an-danitra]], mipetraka eo ankavanan' Andriamanitra Ray Tsitoha, avy any no [[Fiavian' i Kristy fanindroany|hihaviany]] [[Fitsarana farany|hitsara]] ny velona sy ny maty. Mino ny Fanahy Masina aho, ny Fiangonana Masina manerana izao tontolo izao, ny fiombonan' ny [[Olo-masina|olona masina]], ny [[famelan-keloka]], ny [[Fitsanganan-ko velona|fitsanganan' ny tena amin' ny maty]] ary ny [[fiainana mandrakizay]]. [[Amena]]." Fanamarihana: Novana amin' ny hoe "Zanaka Lahy Tokana" ny hoe "Zanany Lahy Tokana" ao amin' ity fanekem-pinoana ity. ==== Ny fanekem-pinoana niseana ==== "Izaho mino an' Andriamanitra Tokana, Ray tsitoha, Mpanao ny lanitra sy ny tany ary ny zavatra rehetra, na ny hita na ny tsy hita. Izaho mino an' i Jesosy Kristy Tompo Tokana, [[Zanak' Andriamanitra (kristianisma)|Zanak' Andriamanitra]] Lahitokana; nateraky ny [[Andriamanitra Ray|Ray]] talohan' ny fotoana rehetra; Andriamanitra avy amin' Andriamanitra; fahazavana avy amin' ny fahazavana, Andriamanitra marina avy amin' Andriamanitra marina; nateraka fa tsy noharina; miray [[Sobstansa (teôlôjia)|Sobstansa]] (Izy maha-Izy Azy) amin' ny Ray; amin' ny alalany no [[Famoronana (araka ny Baiboly)|nahariana]] ny zavatra rehetra. Noho isika [[Antrôpôlôjia kristiana|olombelona]] sy ny [[famonjena]] antsika no nidinany avy any an-danitra, ary [[Fahatongavana ho nofo (kristianisma)|tonga nofo]] notorontoronin' ny [[Fanahy Masina (kristianisma)|Fanahy Masina]] tao an-kibon' i [[Maria (renin' i Jesoa)|Maria]] [[Fiteraham-birijiny|virijina]] ka [[Fahatongavana ho nofo (kristianisma)|natao olombelona]]; [[Fanomboana an' i Jesoa|nohomboana]] tamin' ny [[hazo fijaliana]] koa hisolo antsika fony nanapaka [[Pôntio Pilato|Pontio Pilato]]; nijaly ary nalevina; ary [[Fitsanganan' i Jesoa ho velona|nitsangana]] indray tamin' ny andro fahatelo araka ny [[Soratra Masina]]; [[Fiakaran' i Kristy any an-danitra|niakatra]] ho any an-danitra; mipetraka eo ankavanan' ny Ray, ary [[Fiavian' i Kristy fanindroany|ho avy indray]] amim-boninahitra [[Fitsarana farany|hitsara]] ny velona sy ny maty, ary tsy hanam-pahataperana ny [[Fanjakan' Andriamanitra|fanjakany]]. Izaho mino ny Fanahy Masina, Izay Tompo sady Mpamelona; Izay [[Filioque|avy amin' ny Ray sy ny Zanaka]]; Izay itsaohana sy omem-boninahitra miaraka amin' ny Ray sy ny Zanaka; Izay niteny tamin' ny alalan' ny [[mpaminany]]. Izaho mino ny Fiangonana tokana, masina, apostolika, manerana izao tontolo izao. Izaho manaiky ny [[batisa]] iray ho famelan-keloka, ary miandry ny [[Fitsanganan-ko velona (kristianisma)|fitsanganan’ ny maty]] sy ny [[fiainana mandrakizay]]. [[Amena]]."<ref><small>Taorian' ny nikambanany ao amin' ny FFKM vao nanomboka niezaka nanonona ity fanekem-pinoana ity ny FLM.</small></ref> === Filamatra === Noraisin' ny FLM ho teny filamatra ny ''[[Solae dimy|Solae]]'' ("irery ihany") izay namintinana ny fototra iorenan' ny [[Fanavaozana prôtestanta|Reformasiona]], dia ny hoe: "Fahasoavana irery ihany" (''[[Sola gratia]]''), "Finona irery ihany" (''[[Sola fide]]''), "Soratra Masina irery ihany" (''[[Sola scriptura|Sola Scriptura]]'') ary "Jesosy irery ihany" (''[[Solus Christus]]''). Manampy an' io ny hoe "An' Andriamanitra irery ihany ny voninahitra" (''[[Soli Deo gloria]]'') sy ny maha [[Asam-pisoronan' ny mino rehetra|mpisorona ny mino rehetra]]. == Jereo koa == * '''Kristianisma maneran-tany sy eto Madagasikara:''' ** [[Synodam-paritany Manakara (FLM)]] ** [[Kristianisma]] ** [[Prôtestantisma]] ** [[Loteranisma]] ** [[Loteranisma eto Madagasikara]] ** [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara]] ** [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara]] ** [[Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara|Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara (FFKM)]] ** [[Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Protestanta eto Madagasikara|Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Prôtestanta eto Madagasikara (FFPM)]] ** [[Fikambanana Skoto eto amin' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy]] * '''Fampianaram-pinoan' ny FLM''' ** [[Baiboly]] - [[Baiboly amin' ny teny malagasy]] - [[Baiboly prôtestanta amin' ny teny malagasy]] ** ''[[Sola fide]] - [[Sola scriptura]] - [[Solus Christus]] - [[Soli Deo gloria]] - [[Sola gratia]]'' == Rohy ivelany == * [http://www.loterana-malagasy.org Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.loterana-malagasy.org/ |date=20180122131313 }} * [http://www.flm-orleans.org FLM Orléans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flm-orleans.org/ |date=20180126160555 }} * [http://www.flmparis.org FLM Malagasy eto Paris] * [https://sites.google.com/site/flmsynodamparitanymanakaraspma/home FLM SPMa] {{Wayback|url=https://sites.google.com/site/flmsynodamparitanymanakaraspma/home |date=20201020085039 }} *"[https://www.oikoumene.org/fr/member-churches/malagasy-lutheran-church-flm Église luthérienne malgache]", ''www.oikoumene.org'' *Conseil Œcuménique des Eglises: https://www.oikoumene.org/fr *"[http://www.lagazette-dgi.com/?p=33113 Ny Fiangonana loterana malagasy: mila fanadiovana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lagazette-dgi.com/?p=33113 |date=20210826094610 }}", ''La Gazette de la Grande Ile''. *"[https://www.flm-foibe.org/fiangonana-loterana-malagasy/ Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.flm-foibe.org/fiangonana-loterana-malagasy/ |date=20231111235328 }}", in [https://www.flm-foibe.org/ flm-foibe.org/] {{Wayback|url=https://www.flm-foibe.org/ |date=20231129185841 }} *"[https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2785&context=isp_collection La Gloire ou la Croix: The Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, Independent Churches, and Nouvelles Fois in Antsirabe]" in [https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/ digitalcollections.sit.edu/] *"[https://www.fjkm.mg/index.php/2021/10/19/fiombonanny-fiangonana-protestanta-eto-madagasikara-f-f-p-m/ Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Protestanta eto-Madagasikara (FFPM)/]" in [https://www.fjkm.mg/ fjkm.mg] == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ''Ny Fanekem-pinoan' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy'', Antananarivo, Trano Printy Loterana Malahasy, 1972. * Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, ''Lalampanorenana an' ny Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy'', KSL-21 Toliary, Septambra 2012. * J. Tanner, nadikan'i F. S. Hallanger, ''Dogmatika tsotra'', Antananarivo, Trano Printy Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, 1972, edisiona 2006. * L. Dahle, ''Symbolika na Fampianarana ny amin' izay inoana'', Antananarivo, Trano Pirinty Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, edisiona fahadimy 2004. * Rakotonirina David, ''Taramasoandro: Fampahafantarana izay maha Loterana antsika'', Seminera Teolojikam-paritany Loterana, Atsimoniavoko, Antananarivo, 2006. * Martin Lotera, ''Katekisma na Fotopianarana'', Trano Printy Lotarana, Antananarivo, 1971. * Martin Lotera, ''Ny Katekisma na Fotopianarana Lehibe'', Trano Printy Loterana Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy, Antananarivo, 1970, edisiona 1993. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Fiangonana ao Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Fiangonana loterana]] qeds94kkpg50jy3d2o40teimzfgybud 0 2478 1146895 1138286 2026-07-06T15:25:02Z Thelezifor 15140 1146895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Taro - Tsimbazaza Zoo.jpg|vignette|Dobo ao amin' ny Valan-javamaniry amam-bibin' i Tsimbazaza|368x368px]] Ny '''Valan-javamaniry amam-bibin' i Tsimbazaza''' dia [[valan-javaboary]] ahitana [[zavamaniry]] sy [[biby]] amam-[[Vorona|borona]], sady toeram-pialam-boly ao [[Tsimbazaza]], ampahany amin' ny vakin-tanànan' i [[Fiadanana (Antananarivo)|Fiadanana]], ao amin' ny tanànan' [[Antananarivo]], renivohitr' i [[Madagasikara]], izay natao fitahirizana ny [[biby]] sy ny [[zavamaniry]] eto [[Madagasikara]]. == Tantara == Ity valan-javamaniry sy biby ity dia naorin' ny  [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|mpanjanatany frantsay]] tamin' ny taona 1925. Talohan' izay anefa dia efa nampihady ny [[farihy]] mba ho fandroan' ny miaramila ny mpanjaka [[Radama I]]. == Departemanta == [[Sary:Lac de Tsimbazaza.jpg|vignette|359x359px|Farihin' i Tsimbazaza]] Ho fampandehanana araka ny tokony ho izy ity valan-javaboary ity dia misy sampan-draharaha na departemanta samihafa: ny departemantan' ny fitantanan-draharaha sy ny fitantanam-bola, ny departemantan' ny fampianarana momba ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana, ny departemantan' ny biby, ary ny departemantan' ny zavamaniry. Ny departemantan' ny fitantanan-draharaha sy ny fitantanam-bola dia miandraikitra ny fitantanana ny tetibola sy ny mpiasa ary ny fitaovana. Ny departemantan' ny fampianarana momba ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana dia miantoka ny fanabeazana momba ny [[tontolo iainana]] ivelany sy ao amin' ilay valan-javaboary amin' ny fampiasana ny [[tranombakoka]] ho toy ny tranomboky mba hahafahan' ny besinimaro hanana fahalalana bebe kokoa momba ny tontolo voajanahary sy ny tontolo iainana. Ny departemantan' ny biby dia mikarakara biby mba hahasarika ny vahoaka ho tia ny hakanton' ny [[zavaboary]]. Ny departemantan' ny zavamaniry dia miantoka ny fanangonana ny zavamaniry maty sy ny mikojakoja ny zavamaniry velona. Mizara roa ilay tranombakoka: ny tranombakoka momba ny paleôntôlôjia (ny zavatra nisy fahagola) hitandrovana ny vakivakin-javatra sisa tavela sy ny taolam-biby nisy tany aloha elabe, sy ny tranombakoka momba ny etnôgrafia (momba ny fomban' ny foko isankarazany) ho hahafantarana ny kolontsaina malagasy. == Ny ao anatin' ny valan-javaboary == === Valam-biby === [[Sary:Pygargue de Madagascar.jpg|vignette|[[Ankoay]] (''Icthyophaga vociferoides'')|212x212px]] Ny valam-biby dia valan-javaboary miaro sy mitahiry ny zavamaniry sy biby eto an-toerana. Ahitana bibidia sy biby mahazatra kokoa toy ny [[rameva]] na [[lambo]] ny ao. Anisan' ny biby mahasarika mpitsidika ao amin' ity toerana ity ny karazana gidro (''[[Lemuridae]]''). [[Sary:Parc tsimbazaza.jpg|vignette|Vorombola (''[[Pavo cristatus]]'')|317x317px]] Karazam-borona miisa 53 no hita ao, tranom-borondrano lehibe misy karazam-borona valo toy ny [[vano]] (''[[Ardea cinerea firasa]]''), misy koa ny akanin-[[takatra]] (''[[Scopus umbretta]]''), sns. [[Ankoay]] mpivady roa (''[[Haliaeetus vociferoides]]'') no ao anaty vata fonenam-borona manana hahavo 2 m sy sakany 4 m ka tsy afaka manidina. [[Sary:Madagascarfisheagle.jpg|vignette|181x181px|Ankoay ao Tsimbazaza]] Ao amin' io valan-javaboary io dia zaraina araka ny karazany ny biby amam-borona satria misy biby na vorona tsy mahatanty tabataba ary misy hafa mivoaka amin' ny alina fotsiny. === Valan-javamaniry === Toerana maitso ao an-drenivohitr' i [[Madagasikara]] ity valan-javaboary ity. Ny faritra tsirairay eto Madagasikara dia asehon' ny zavamaniry mampiavaka azy. Ohatra, ny faritr' i [[Faritanin' i Toamasina|Toamasina]] dia asehon' ny [[ravinala]]. Ary ny tapany atsimo asehon' ny karazana [[fantiolotsy]] (''[[Didiereaceae]]'') sy ny karazana [[vontaka]] (''[[Pachypodium]]''). Eo akaikin' ilay farihy dia misy [[voahirana]] (''Nymphaea stellata''), misy [[tsikafonkafombazaha]] (''Eichhornia crassipes'') sy [[zozoro]] (''[[Cyperus]]''). Amin' ny tapany avaratra amin' ilay valan-javaboary dia misy karazana [[ampanga]] (''Filicophyta'') sy ny [[Orchidaceae|ôrkide]] (''Orchidaceae'') tsy misy afa-tsy eto [[Madagasikara]]. Ery ambany ny karazana palmie malagasy sy vahiny (''[[Arecaceae]]'') toy ny [[Raphia|rofia]] (''Raphia farinifera'') sy [[ravinala]] (''Ravenala madagascariensis''), ary etsy ankilany kosa dia ahitana [[Adansonia|zaha]] (''Adansonia'') sy zavamaniry mahatanty toetany maina izay maneho ny faritra maina indrindra eto Madagasikara (''[[Xerophyta]]''). Ahitana [[zavamaniry fanao fanafody]], [[Vanilla planifolia|vanila]], [[Piper|dipoavatra]], [[Cinnamomum|kanelina]] koa ny ao. ==Jereo koa== * [[Akademia Malagasy]] * [[Kew Gardens]] * [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] == Rohy ivelany == * {{fr}} [http://www.refer.mg/edu/minesup/organe/pbztbien.htm PBZT] {{Wayback|url=http://www.refer.mg/edu/minesup/organe/pbztbien.htm |date=20100430205327 }} ==Jereo koa == [[Sokajy:Antananarivo]] [[Sokajy:Fiadanana (Antananarivo)]] 5wxknixw65eidiwlom1srto5k8ws8iw 0 2662 1146886 1115128 2026-07-06T13:31:15Z Hariniaina14 34924 Nanampy fitenenana sy rohy 1146886 wikitext text/x-wiki I '''Dama''', '''Zafimahaleo Rasolofondraosolo''' no tena anarany. Teraka ny [[26 Mey]] [[1954]] tao [[Marolambo]] izy. Mpanoratra, mpamorona sady mpihira izy ary isan'ny nanorina ny [[tarika Mahaleo]] niaraka tamin'i [[Dadah]] tamin'ny taona 1972 raha nanafana ny [[tolon'ny mpianatra]] teny Ankatso izy ireo niaraka tamin'ny gitarany. == Ny fiainany== == Nianatra momba ny fiaraha-monina izy teny amin'ny ambaratonga ambony, ary mbola amin'izany no sehatra iasany. Indroa voafidy ho solombavambahoaka i ''Dama''. [[Rakotozafy]] sy [[Parson]] ary [[Mama Sana]] no mpanakanto malagasy tiany ; [[Bob Dylan]] kosa ny mpihira vahiny ankafiziny. Anisan'ireo mpanorina ny tarika Mahaleo izy tamin'ny taona [[1972]]. Tao anatin'ity tarika ity no nanoratany sy nihirany hira maro miresaka ny fiainam-bahoaka, ny rariny ara-tsosialy, ny tontolo iainana ary ny fitiavan-tanindrazana. Izy dia isan'ireo mpanakanto malagasy mampiasa ny mozika ho fitaovana hanehoana hevitra sy hampitana hafatra. Ankoatra ny maha-mpanakanto azy dia nahavita fianarana momba ny sosiôlôjia i Dama. Niditra teo amin'ny sehatra politika ihany koa izy ka voafidy ho solombavambahoaka tsy miankina, ary nirotsaka hofidiana ho Filohan'ny Repoblikan'i Madagasikara tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny taona 2018. == '''Hevitra hafa ilazana ny hoe "Dama"==''' == Ankoatra an'i Dama (Mahaleo), dia mety hanondro ireto manaraka ireto koa ny teny hoe Dama : Lalao dama, izay lalao ifanandrinan'olona roa eo ambony takelaka misy efamira. DAMA International, fikambanana iraisam-pirenena tsy mitady tombony miasa eo amin'ny sehatry ny fitantanana angon-drakitra (data management). D.A.M.A, tarika mozika pop avy any Portiogaly. Gazella dama, karazana gazela afrikanina izay tandindomin-doza mafy noho ny fihenan'ny isan'izy ireo. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny mpihira malagasy]] * Mahaleo * Mozika malagasy * Lalao dama * Gazela [[Sokajy:mpihira malagasy]] [[Sokajy:mpitendry zavamaneno malagasy]] nna52gi837kn3rjaa9smhzghj3emrpm 0 4542 1146887 1130784 2026-07-06T14:03:00Z Hariniaina14 34924 Nanampy fitenenana sy rohy 1146887 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>'''Njakatiana''</nowiki> na i (Raharisoa Njakatiana no tena anarany) dia '''mpanoratra tononkira, mpamoron-kira ary mpihira''' malagasy, teraka tamin'ny '''7 Jona 1968''' tao '''Antsiranana (Diégo-Suarez)'''. Anisan'ireo mpanakanto malaza eo amin'ny mozika malagasy izy, ary nanomboka nisongadina teo amin'ny sehatry ny mozika nanomboka tamin'ny taona '''1992'''.Nankalaza ny faha 30 taona nihirany izy tamin'ny 2022. Filohan'ny malagasy mozika sosialy. == '''Asa sy fomba mozika''' == Maro karazana ny mozika vokarin'i Njakatiana. Ahitana hira miadana sy feno fitiavana, ary koa gadona nentim-paharazana sy fety toy ny '''Salegy''' sy '''Tsapiky''' ao amin'ny rakikirany. Fantatra amin'ny fahaizany mampifangaro ny gadona avy any amin'ny faritra amorontsiraka sy ny avy any amin'ny Faritra Afovoan-tany izy, ka maro no mihevitra azy ho iray amin'ireo mpanakanto mampiray ny kolontsaina sy ny firaisam-pirenena eto Madagasikara. Efa '''30 taona mahery''' no niasany teo amin'ny sehatry ny mozika, ary hira '''mihoatra ny 200''' no efa noforoniny sy nohirainy. Mbola isan'ireo mpanakanto malaza sy ankafizin'ny Malagasy amin'ny sokajin-taona rehetra izy. Ankoatra ny asa maha-mpihira azy dia voatendry ho '''filohan'ny fikambanana Malagasy Mozika Sosialy''' ihany koa i Njakatiana. == '''Hira malaza'''<nowiki> ==</nowiki> Anisan'ireo hira nahafantarana azy ny: * <nowiki>''Tiko loatra ianao''</nowiki> * <nowiki>''Mbola hihira aho''</nowiki> * <nowiki>''Kely loatra''</nowiki> * <nowiki>''Tiako hiova''</nowiki> == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny mpihira malagasy|Lisitry ny mpihira]] https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/njakatiana [[sokajy:Mpihira malagasy]] s2goj1lw7zvl54dj5sijy5ajq3g9sx4 0 5930 1146885 1109644 2026-07-06T13:04:48Z Hariniaina14 34924 Nanampy fitenenana sy rohy 1146885 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Televiziona Malagasy''' (<big>TVM</big>) dia ny mpandefa ny haino aman-jery amin'ny fahitalavitra ary ny firenena sy ny fanjakana malagasy no tompony. Naorina tamin'ny taona [[1965]] ilay izy tamin'ny vanim-potoana nitondran'i[[Philibert Tsiranana]]. Mba hahafahan'ilay [[televiziônam-pirenena]] manaparitaka ny [[sary]] sy ny [[feo]] eran'i [[Madagasikara]], dia hofainy amin'ny EutelSat ny faritra 16° Atsinanan'ny Zanabolan'i [[EutelSat]]. Torak'izany ihany koa ny fomba fanaparitahany ny feon'ny [[Radio Madagasikara]] eo amin'ny onjam-peo [[FM]].<ref name="prnewswire">[http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/television-malagasy-la-premiere-chaine-publique-de-madagascar-renouvelle-aupres-deutelsat-son-contrat-de-location-de-capacite-159710455.html Télévision Malagasy, la première chaîne publique de Madagascar, renouvelle auprès d'Eutelsat son contrat de location de capacité]</ref><ref name="madaplus">{{Cite web |title=kopian'ny arisiva |url=http://www.madaplus.fr/Television-Malagasy-la-premiere-chaine-publique-de-Madagascar-renouvelle-aupres-d-Eutelsat-son-contrat-de-location-de_a4781.html |access-date=2012-06-28 |archive-date=2013-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624200648/http://madaplus.fr/television-malagasy-la-premiere-chaine-publique-de-madagascar-renouvelle-aupres-d-eutelsat-son-contrat-de-location-de_a4781.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, izay mitondra mari-drefy 99.00Mhz. ====== Anjara asan’ny TVM amin’ny fiainam-bahoaka ====== * Fanabeazana: Manolotra fandaharana manampy ny ankizy sy tanora hianatra sy hivelatra ara-tsaina.<ref name="madaplus" /> * Fampandrosoana: Mampiroborobo ny kolontsaina Malagasy sy manohana ny fiteny Malagasy amin’ny alalan’ny fandaharana manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny maha-izy antsika. * Fampahafantarana: Mitondra vaovao mivantana sy amin’ny fotoana rehetra momba ny zava-mitranga eto an-toerana sy any ivelany.<ref name="prnewswire" /> == '''Asa sy andraikitra==''' == Ny TVM dia an'ny Office de la Radio et de la Télévision Publiques de Madagascar (ORTM) ary manana andraikitra amin'ny fanomezana vaovao, [[fanabeazana]] ary fialamboly ho an'ny [[vahoaka malagasy.]] Mandefa fandaharana amin'ny teny malagasy sy frantsay izy, ahitana vaovao, fanadihadiana, kolontsaina, fanatanjahantena, mozika, fanabeazana ary fandaharana ho an'ny ankizy. == '''Fandrakofana==''' == TVM no hany [[fahitalavitra malagasy]] manana fandrakofana manerana ny faritra rehetra eto Madagasikara amin'ny alalan'ny tambajotra hertzienne sy zanabolana. Azo arahina amin'ny internet ihany koa ny sasany amin'ireo fandaharany. === Fandaharana === # Vaovao # Feon-gazety == '''Ny logo'''== == Ny logo ofisialin'ny '''Televiziona Malagasy (TVM)''', ny fahitalavim-pirenena mpanome vaovao eto Madagasikara, dia miavaka amin'ny alalan'ny '''endrika litera "M" lehibe amin'ny loko mena''' miaraka amin'ny soratra fotsy. [1, 2, 3] == '''Ny mampiavaka ny logo''':== == * '''Ny litera "M"''': Litera mena ngeza maneho ny teny hoe ''[[Malagasy]]''. Misy latsany maranitra mitsatoka eo ambany sy eo ambony, izay maka ny endriky ny nosy na tendrombohitra. * '''Ny soratra "TV"''': Soratra fotsy kely mipetraka eo amin'ny ilany ambony havia amin'ilay litera "M". * '''Loko''': Ny loko mena sy fotsy no mibahan-toerana, izay miaraka amin'ny maitso amin'ny sainam-pirenena. Matetika koa izy io no hita miaraka amin'ny soratra fenon'ny "[[TELEVIZIONA MALAGASY"]] eo ambany. Raha mila ny tantaran'ny fahitalavitra ianao dia azonao jerena ao amin'ny pejy Televiziona Malagasy ao amin'ny Wikipédia, na manaraka mivantana ny vaovao farany amin'ny Pejy ofisialin'ny TVM ao amin'ny Facebook. Mila ny logo amin'ny endrika '''raki-tsary manokana''' (PNG/Vectoriel) ve ianao sa misy '''tantarany hafa''' tianao ho fantatra? == Jereo koa == === Rohy ivelany === * [http://www.televisionmalagasy.sitew.com/#Fandraisana Tranonkala ofisialy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.televisionmalagasy.sitew.com/#Fandraisana |date=20121014155358 }} == Tsiahy == {{ref}} {{vangovango}} [[sokajy:Fahitalavitra ao Madagasikara]] ot9mgp0rx4mps2l6es95wfcd1xco60e 0 97284 1146993 1094069 2026-07-07T09:14:36Z Kontributor 2K 31390 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Feira Nova-pe.png]] → [[File:Bandeira de Feira Nova, PE.png]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) 1146993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|-7.950830|-35.389170}} {{infobox tanàna |anarana =Feira Nova (Pernambuco) |velarantany = 118,83 |isam-ponina = 19.027 |firenena ={{BRA}} |ben'ny tanàna = |sary = |saina =Bandeira de Feira Nova, PE.png }} [[File:Mapa de Feira Nova (2).png|thumb|left|Feira Nova]] I '''Feira Nova (Pernambuco)''' dia kaominina ao [[Brazila]], ao amin'i [[sary:Bandeira de Pernambuco.svg|21px]][[Pernambuco]], ao amin'i [[Agreste Pernambucano]], [[Zana-paritan'i Médio Capibaribe|Médio Capibaribe]]. ==Jeografia== Ny velarantanin'ilay tanàna dia 118,83 kilometatra toradroa. Ny isam-ponina dia 19.027. [[sokajy:Tanàna ao Pernambuco]] 6afh4cpddo4m5otsufcckylmiuanne1 0 166305 1146888 1115121 2026-07-06T14:37:10Z Hariniaina14 34924 Nanampy fitenenana sy rohy 1146888 wikitext text/x-wiki I '''Abel Ratsimba''' dia [[Mpanakanto Malagasy|mpanakanto]] malagasy izay teraka teto [[Madagasikara]]. '''Ny momba azy:''' (anarana feno: Ratsimba Rakotomanga Abel) dia mpanoratra tononkira, mpamoron-kira ary mpihira malagasy, isan'ireo olo-malaza nanana anjara toerana lehibe teo amin'ny fampiroboroboana ny kalon'ny fahiny sy ny mozika nentin-drazana an-tanàn-dehibe eto Madagasikara. Fantatra tamin'ny feony miavaka sy ireo hira feno tononkalo sy fihetseham-po izy. Teraka tao Antananarivo izy ary nodimandry tamin'ny volana Oktobra 2023, teo amin'ny faha-86 taonany == ereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny mpihira malagasy]] [[Sokajy:mpihira malagasy]] 232jadcdpr5x1bs53vigunxwkr71sfj 0 171918 1146988 908460 2026-07-07T07:53:17Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|47.2775|-2.3389}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Pornichet |firenena={{Frantsa}} |faritany=[[Pays de la Loire]] |velarantany=12.67 |isam-ponina=10502 |ben'ny tanàna=Robert Belliot }} [[sary:Blason_ville_fr_Pornichet_(Loire-Atlantique).svg|120px|thumb|right|Mari-piandrian'i Pornichet]] I '''Pornichet''' dia kaominina ao amin'ny fivondronan'i Saint-Nazaire, ao amin'ny departemantan'i [[Loire-Atlantique]], ao amin'ny faritr'i [[Pays de la Loire]], ao [[Frantsa]]. Ny INSEE dia mampiasa ny kaodim-paositra 44132. I Robert Belliot no ben'ny tanàna mandritry ny taona 2008&ndash;2014. Ilay kaominina dia kaominina mpikambana amin'ny fivondronan-kaominin'i région nazairienne et l'estuaire == Jeografia == Ny isam-ponin'i Pornichet dia 10502 mponina araka ny fanisana natao tamin'ny taona 2008. Ny haavon'ny toerana ambany indrindra dia 0 metatra. Ny haavon'ny toerana avo indrindra dia 44 metatra. Ny fisiana ara-daharampehintany ary ara-daharanjarahasin'ilay kaominina dia 47.2775° ary -2.3389° amin'ny soratra desimaly. Ny faritr'ora dia GMT+1. == Rohy ivelany == * http://www.mairie-pornichet.fr/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.mairie-pornichet.fr/ |date=20120909184127 }} : Tranonkala * [http://www.communes.com/recherche/?q=Pornichet Eo amin'i www.communes.com] <references/> [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao amin'ny faritr'i Loire-Atlantique]] 4f4o6fwvljvc6fxh3f7h9btbgkpcu8z 0 182467 1146974 1107560 2026-07-06T23:08:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox olona|anarana=Rakotoarijaona Désiré|teraka=19 jiona 1934|toerana=Andravoahangy-Antananarivo|maty=02 Janoary 2020|firenena=Madagasikara|asa=Praiministra|taona niasana=1977- 1988|image=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Rakotoarijaona.jpg}} '''I Désiré Rakotoarijaona''' dia teraka ny 19 Jiona 1934 tao Andravoahangy-[[Antananarivo]] ary maty ny 02 Janoary 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/7389-desire-rakotoarijaona-dadatoa-dezy-nodimandry-ny-02012020.html |title=Madagate |access-date=2024-02-01 |archive-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201191808/https://madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/7389-desire-rakotoarijaona-dadatoa-dezy-nodimandry-ny-02012020.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Izy dia praiminisitry ny Repoblikan'i [[Madagasikara]] nanomboka tamin'ny 31 jolay [[1977]] ka hatramin'ny 12 febroary [[1988]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Madagasikara]] * [[Politika ao Madagasikara]] * [[Praiminisitra malagasy]] {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Praiminisitra malagasy]] [[sokajy:Politika ao Madagasikara]] hipgoqa8vl1i60pb0jeinql1pnxetng 0 190702 1147001 1135918 2026-07-07T11:10:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1147001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Alahamadibe 2.JPG|vignette|324x324px]] Ny '''Taom-baovao malagasy''' dia ny fiandohan' ny taona malagasy sy ny fankalazana izany, indrindra eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny andro voalohan' ny taona voafaritra araka ny [[tetiandro malagasy]] na amin' ny fomba hafa. Amin' izao taonjato faha-21 izao dia mizara ny hevitry ny mpankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy. Ao ny mitazona ny daty amin' ny fizaràn-taona [[fararano]], izay heverin' ny mpomba izany hevitra izany fa mifanandrify amin' ny andro voalohany amin' ny volana [[Alahamady]] sady nantsoiny hoe [[Alahamadibe]], ka mankalaza ny taom-baovao amin' ny volana [[Martsa|Marsa]] na [[Aprily|Avrily]]. Ao ireo manaraka ny tetiandro malagasy [[Tetiandro manara-bolana|manara-bolana]] tanteraka ka tsy mihazona volana na daty [[Tetiandro gregoriana|gregôriana]] raikitra hankalazany ny taom-baovao malagasy, nefa mihevitra ihany koa izy ireo fa mifanandrify amin' ny tsinan' Alahamady izany fotoana izany. Ao koa ireo mitana ny daty ao amin' ny [[lohataona]] ka amin' ny volana [[Septambra]] no ankalazana izany. Nisy fotoana niantsoana ity vanim-potoana faharoa ity hoe [[Volambita]], araka ny [[Tetiandro malagasy|anaram-bolana malagasy]] avy amin' ny teny [[Fiteny sanskrity|sanskrity]] (teny [[Indiana (vahoaka)|karàna]] taloha). Ny taom-baovao araka izany dia maneho ny fomba amam-panao sy ny tetiandro isan-karazany nisy na misy eto Madagasikara, ary miovaova arakaraka ny faritra sy ny firazanana ary ny kolontsaina ny fandraisana azy. == Tantara talohan' ny fanjanahantany == === Samy nanana ny tonontaona heveriny ho lehibe ny isam-paritra === Nivoatra hatrany ny fotoana nankalazana ny tonontaona teto [[Madagasikara]] sady samy nanana ny azy ny isam-[[Foko eto Madagasikara|poko]]. Tany amboalohany dia azo heverina fa samy nanana ny tonontaonany ny faritra tsirairay noho ny tantarany sy ny fanisan' andro tsy mitovy. Indreto misy ohatra vitsy. Taty amin' ny taonjato faha-21 vao heno ny hoe "tam-baovao malagasy" fa talohan' izay, tao Imerina ohatra, dia ny hoe "Alahamady" no fantatry ny olona. ==== Tao amin' ny Antanosy ==== I [[Étienne de Flacourt]], tamin' ny taonjato faha-17 tany amin' ny faritra [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]], dia nanoratra fa mifanandrify amin' ny volana Marsa [[Tetiandro gregoriana|taona gregoriana]] ny fiandohan-taonan' ny foko [[Antanosy]] izay taranaky ny mpanjaka [[Raminia]] tonga teto Madagasikara tamin' ny taonjato faha-12. ==== Tao amin' ny Antemoro ==== Ny volana Alahamaly (arabo: االحمل / ''Al-Hamal'') amin' ny foko [[Antemoro]] tarana-d[[Ramakararo]], izay lazain' ny lovantsofina fa [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] tonga teto Madagasikara tamin' ny taonjato faha-16, dia mifanandrify amin' ny volana Avrily amin' ny fanisan-taona gregôriana, tsy volana voalohany amin' ny taona anefa ny Alahamaly amin' ny foko Antemoro. ==== Tao amin' ny Merina ==== Ho an' ny foko [[Merina]] dia ny mpanjaka [[Rabiby]], izay lazain' ny lovatsofina fa Arabo koa, no nanova ny anaram-bolana [[vazimba]] ho anaram-bolana amin' ny [[Fiteny arabo|teny arabo]] ka nahitan' ny Merina ny anaram-bolana Alahamady tamin' ny taonjato faha-16. Voalaza fa tany Imerina dia ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]] (1575-1610), zafikelin' ny mpanjaka Rabiby teo [[Ambohidrabiby]], no nanao ny volana Alahamady ho volana voalohany amin' ny taona izay manaraka ny [[fanandroana isa lava]] na ilay fanisana manaraka ny volana izay mahaleo tena tanteraka tsy miankina amin' ny tetiandro tandrefana na ny zôdiaka tandrefana, noho io volana io nahaterahany. Nanohy izany ny mpanjaka [[Andrianampoinimerina]] (1787-1810). === Antony ara-pivavahana sy ara-pôlitika ary ara-toekarena === Andro lehibe amin' ny lafiny fivavahana na pôlitika na toekarena ny fankalazana ny andro heverin' ny Ntaolo malagasy ho mana-danja indrindra ho an' ny mpiara-belona rehetra. Samy miezaka manamarina ara-pivavahana sy ara-pôlitika ary ara-toekarena ny fisafidianany ny daty iray hataony fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy ny mpandala ny kolontsaina malagasy. Miampy fanaporofoana ara-kaikintana koa izany indraindray. ==== Ny fankalazana manana fototra ara-pivavahana ==== Ara-pivavahana tanteraka ilay fankalazana raha mifamatotra amin' ny finoana tsy miankina amin' ny fiovaovan' ny fitondram-panjakana, anisan' izany ny fankalazana ny Alahamadibe. Izany anefa tsy misakana ilay fankalazana hahitana fangataham-pitahiana ho an' ny fiadanan' ny vahoaka sy ny fanehoana fanomezan-kasina ny mpanjaka. Tsy voatery ho amin' izany anefa ny fotoana heverina fa fiandohan' ny taona. Ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano sasany, ireo milaza fa manampiaviana [[Jiosy malagasy|jiosy]] na hebreo, dia mampitovy na mampifanakaiky ny volana Alahamady amin' ny volana [[Nisana (volana hebreo)|Nisàna]] hebreo, ka manao izay tsy hifantohana firy amin' ny maha avy amin' ny [[fivavahan-drazana malagasy]] ilay fankalazana. ==== Ny fankalazana miorina amin' ny pôlitika ==== Ara-pôlitika kosa izy raha mifamatotra amin' ny fiovaovan' ny zava-misy ara-pôlitika, toy ny fankalazana ny andro nahaterahan' ny mpanjaka. [[Ralambo]] sy [[Andriamasinavalona]] ary [[Andrianampoinimerina]] dia lazaina fa teraka Alahamady, araka ny lovantsofina, na dia lazaina koa fa nasiam-panitsiana hifanaraka amin' ny tetiandro antemoro ny tetiandro merina. Nankalaza ny andro nahaterahany izay nantsoiny hoe Asaramanitra ny mpanjaka merina taty aoriana. Fanehoana ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka amin' ny vahoakany izany sady fanamafisana ny tokony hankatoavan' ny vahoakany azy. Tsy voatery ho amin' izany koa ny fiandohan' ny taona. ==== Ny fankalazana mifandray amin' ny toekarena ==== Ara-toekarena kosa ilay fankalazana raha mifandray amin' ny asa fiharian-karena, indrindra ny fambolena sy ny fiompiana; noho izany dia misy ifandraisany kokoa amin' ny tsingerina voajanahary ilay fankalazana. Mety ny andro fiantombohan' ny fotoam-pabolena izany na fotoana famoriana ny vokatry ny fambolena. Tsy voatery hifanadrify amin' ny fiandohan' ny taona ilay fotoam-pankalazana. Tsy mitovy araka izany ny fotoana heverina ho manan-danja isam-paritra noho ny fananan' i Madagasikara velaran-tany midadasika ahitana toetany isan-karazany. == Tantaran' ny fankalazana amin' ny volana Alahamady == === Ny tonon' andron' ny taom-baovao Alahamady === Satria miankina amin' ny [[tetiandro malagasy]] mampiasa anaram-bolana avy amin' ny [[Fiteny arabo|teny arabo]] ny famaritana ny Alahamady, dia tsy fantatra marina ny daty tena mifanandrify amin' io noho ny fisian' io karazana tetiandro io ho roa fara fahakeliny araka ny ady hevitra ankehitriny. ==== Alahamadibe: fankalazan' ny mpanjaka ny andro nahaterahany ==== Tao anivon-tany dia ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]] no lazain' ny [[Lovantsofina am-bava|lovantsofina]] fa nankalaza voalohany ny fiandohan' ny taona tamin' ny fomba manetriketrika ary tao amin' ny renivohitry ny fanjakany, tao [[Ambohidrabiby]], no nanaovana izany voalohany tamin' ny fitsingerenan' ny andro nahaterahany, izay lazaina fa tamin' ny taona 1575. Andro vava Alahamady amin' ny volana Alahamady moa io fitsingerin-taona nahaterahany io koa natao hoe "[[Alahamadibe]]" (na Alahamady be) taty aoriana. Misy ny milaza fa zavatra roa samihafa ny [[Alahamadibe]] sy ny taom-baovao malagasy<ref><small>[http://agir.avec.madagascar.over-blog.com/article-us-et-coutumes-le-nouvel-an-malgache-est-different-de-l-alahamady-be-116322740.html "Us et coutumes : Le Nouvel An malgache est différent de l’« Alahamady be »"] - ''par Alain Gyre -'' in ''Agir avec Madagascar'' 19 mars 2013.</small></ref>. ==== Fampifanandrifiana ny Alahamady merina amin' ny Alahamaly antemoro ==== Araka ny fahalalan' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano, tamin' ny andron' [[Andrianampoinimerina]] dia nampifandrifiana tamin' ny Alahamady antemoro (ataon' ny [[Antemoro]] hoe ''Alahamaly'') ny Alahamady tao Imerina araka ny torohevitr' ireo Antemoro mpanolotsaina azy, izany hoe raha mitaha amin' ny [[Tetiandro gregoriana|fanisan-taona gregôriana]] dia teo amin' ny volana Marsa ny Alahamady merina no nakisaka ho eo amin' ny volana Avrily. Mipetraka ihany ny fanontaniana manao hoe: Raha nisy ny fanitsiana dia mbola marina ve ny daty malagasy tany alohan' ny fanitsiana, indrindraindrindra ny andro sy ny volana lazaina fa vava Alahamady tany aloha? Ny mpanjaka Andrianampoinimerina sy ny hafa dia lazaina fa teraka tamin' ny tsinam-bolana Alahamady ary Alahamady no vintany. Ampahatsiahivin' ny mpomba ny taom-baovao fararano ny tenin' Andrianampoinimerina hoe: "Tsy manam-pahavalo afa-tsy ny mosary aho" mba hanamarinany ny fisafidianany ny fararano. Izany filazany zany, hoy izy ireo, dia ahitana taratra ny fandresen' ny volana Alahamady izay fotoam-piakaran' ny vary sy fararano amin' ny maintso ahitra. Nanomboka tamin-d[[Radama Voalohany|Radama I]] (1810-1828) kosa no nisy ny [[Tetiandro|alimanaka]] voalohany, izany hoe fanoratana mialoha amin' ny bokikely ny tetiandro hoan' ny taona iray. === Fanitsiana sy fampiasana daty sy anarana hafa === ==== Fanitsiana faha Radama II ==== Tamin-d[[Radama II]] (1861-1863) dia nasiana fanitsiana indroa ny fanisan' andro malagasy merina satria dia nihoatra 300 andro mahery. Raha izany dia tsy fantatra intsony na nateraka Alahamady marina Andrianampoinimerina sy ny hafa na tsia. ==== Fisafidianana daty hafa faha-Ranavalona III ==== Tamin-d[[Ranavalona III]] (1881-1896), vokatr' izany rehetra izany, dia tsy fantatra intsony ny tena andro vava Alahamady amin' ny volana Alahamady satria samy manana ny fanisany andro ny mpanandro. Hany herin-dRanavalona III, novainy amin' ny 22 Novambra andro nahaterahany ny fiandohan-taona, sahala amin' ny nataon' ireo mpanjaka teo aloha izay nanao ny andro nahaterahany ho fiandohan-taona. Saingy ny azy daty gregôriana fa tsy datim-panandroana. ==== Asaramanitra ==== Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 kosa rehefa nivelatra ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|fivavahana kristiana]] ary lasa Kristiana mihitsy ny fanjakana malagasy dia tsy nampiasaina intsony ilay anarana hoe "Alahamadibe" satria toa misy fombafomba fanao amin' ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]] izany, koa "[[Fandroan'Andriana|Fandroana]]" no teny nentina niantsoana io fety io. Tamin-dRanavalona III (1883-1896) dia novainy ho ny 22 Novambra, izay tsingerin-taona nahaterahany ny fanaovana ny fandroana, vanimpotoan' ny [[Asara (fizaran-taona)|asara]] (fizaran-taona mafana sy be orana) moa io 22 Novambra io koa "Asaramanitra" no niantsoana io fety io. Ary "Tratry ny Asaramanitra e!" no teny ifampiarahabana tamin' izany. Marihina fa avy amin' ny [[Fiteny sanskrity|teny sanskrity]] izany anarana izany. Rehefa tonga ny fanjanahantany ka mandrak' ankehitrio dia nampiasaina hilazana izay fety rehetra ny teny hoe ''asaramanitra'' na dia tsy vanimpotoan' ny asara intsony aza ka na tonga ny [[1 Janoary]] na [[14 Jolay]] na [[26 Jiona]] dia mifampiarahaba "tratry ny asaramanitra" ny Malagasy. ==== Fanafoanana tamin' ny andron' ny fanjanahantany ==== Nony [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|lasa zanatany i Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1897, dia anisan' ny noravan' ny mpanjanaka ny fankalazana ny Alahamadibe, izay maneho ny fihavanana sy ny firaisan-kinan' ny ambanilanitra. Avy hatrany dia napetrany fa ny 1 Janoary amin' ny [[Tetiandro gregoriana|fanisan' andro gregôriana]] no taom-baovao ary nenjehin' i Frantsay ny Malagasy nankalaza izany. Vokatr' izany, tsy sahy nankalaza izany imasom-bahoaka intsony ny Malagasy<ref name=":3"><small>"[https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf Taombaovao Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf |date=20250125082916 }}", ''ariniaina.mondoblog.org''</small></ref>. === Ny olana momba ny famaritana ny volana Alahamady ankehitriny === Fara fahavitsiny dia misy "[[Alahamady|tsinana Alahamady]]" roa ny eto Madagasikara noho ny fisian' ny karazana tetiandro roa samy mampiasa anaram-bolana amin' ny [[Fiteny arabo|teny arabo]]. ==== Volana Alahamady amin' ny farararo ==== Amin' ny mpanaraka ny [[tetiandro malagasy]] [[Tetiandro manara-bolana sy masoandro|manara-bolana sy masoandro]], indrindra ireo izay mino fa [[Jiosy malagasy|taranaka jiosy]] na hebreo, dia amin' ny Marsa na Avrily no anombohan' ny volana Alahamady, izany hoe amin' ny fizaràn-taona fararano. ==== Volana Alahamady miovaova fizaràn-taona ==== Amin' ny mpanaraka ny [[tetiandro malagasy]] [[Tetiandro manara-bolana|manara-bolana tanteraka]] (atao hoe "isa lava") dia miovaova fizaràn-taona ny volana Alahamady, ka ny mifanandrify aminy dia ny [[Tetiandro miozolmana|volana silamo]] atao hoe شوّال / ''[[Shawwal]]'', izany hoe aorian' ny volana Ramadany (arabo: رمضان / ''[[Ramadany|Ramadan]]''). [[Sary:Alamahady_1.JPG|vignette|252x252px|Alahamady]] == Ny taom-baovao fararano == Araka ny fahalalan' ny [[Trano Koltoraly Malagasy]] (TKM), izay mbola tokony mila fanamarinana ara-tantara, tamin' ny taonjato faha-19, rehefa lasa Fanjakan' i Madagasikara ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] dia efa nankalaza tamin' ny daty iray niraisana ny 3/4 amin' ny faritra rehetra eto [[Madagasikara]], ka heverin' izy ireo fa efa fetim-pirenena niraisan' ny Malagasy maro anisa ny fankalazana ilay tonontaona talohan' ny nahalasa [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|zanatany an' i Madagasikara]] tamin' ny taona 1896<ref name=":3" />. Io isa 3/4 io dia ny ampahan-tanin' i Madagasikara lazain' ny mpahay tantara fa nofehezin' ny mpanjaka merina. Anisan' ny antony tokony hankalazan' ny Malagasy rehetra ny taom-baobao fararano izany, araka ny hevitry ny ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy. Marihina koa fa ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy dia nametraka ny anarana hoe "Taombaovao Malagasy" (araka io fomba fanoratra azy io) harovana toy ny fananana manokana eny amin' ny [[Office malagasy de la propriété industrielle]] (OMAPI) noho izy io namolavola ilay anarana<ref><small>"[https://laverite.mg/societe/item/18470-nouvel-an-malagasy%20-aucune-date-de-c%C3%A9l%C3%A9bration-commune.html Nouvel an malagasy - Aucune date de célébration commune]", ''La Vérité'', 23 mars 2023</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Le-Taom-baovao-malagasy-ne-fait-pas-du-tout-l-unanimite.html? Célébration du Taom-baovao malagasy au Rova de Madagasikara]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com'', 11 mars 2024</small></ref>. === Ny datin' ny fankalazana voarakitra === ==== Daty amin' ny volana Marsa sy Avrily ==== Ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy sy ny mpikambana sasany ao amin' ny [[Akademia Malagasy]] no voalaza fa namaritra io daty io araka ny fikarohana nataon' izy ireo. * Tamin' ny taona 2004 dia ny 21 Marsa no nakalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy<ref name=":1"><small>[https://www.cresoi.fr/spip.php?action=acceder_document&arg=587&cle=a97737746d7e358e9e5847046bb37589ddbd76a7&file=pdf%2Fsur_le_nouvel_an_malgache.pdf "Sur le nouvel an malgache"] - Jean-Pierre Domenichini - Historien - Membre de l’Académie Malgache - Grand-Officier de l’Ordre National - ''CRESOI''</small></ref>. * Tamin' ny taona 2011 dia ny 3 Avrily no nanatanterahana izany<ref><small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170325165313/http://www.madaplus.info/Nouvel-an-malgache-quelle-date-exactement_a1491.html "Nouvel an malgache : quelle date exactement ?"] - Andrianetrazafy Hemerson in ''Madaplus.info''</small></ref>. * Ny datin' ny taom-baovao tamin' ny taona 2013 dia na 12 Marsa (ho an' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy) na 16 Marsa 2013 (ho an' ny [[Mamelomaso]]). * Tamin' ny taona 2014 dia tamin' ny 31 Marsa<ref><small>[http://agir.avec.madagascar.over-blog.com/article-nouvel-an-malgache-tout-ce-qu-il-y-a-a-savoir-123105141.html "Nouvel an malgache : Tout ce qu'il y a à savoir - Agir avec Madagascar"] - ''27 Mars 2014'' par Alain Gyre in ''Agir avec Madagascar.''</small></ref>. * Nankalazaina tamin' ny 20 sy 21 Marsa izany tamin' ny taona 2015<ref><small>[http://randriamialy.mondoblog.org/2015/03/20/bonne-annee-nouvel-an-malgache-quand-meme/ "Bonne année (nouvel an malgache) quand même!"] {{Wayback|url=http://randriamialy.mondoblog.org/2015/03/20/bonne-annee-nouvel-an-malgache-quand-meme/ |date=20181118063922 }}, ''Lay Corbeille'', 20 mars 2015</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2015 dia ny 20 Marsa<ref><small>[http://fanambinanamadagasikara.blogspot.com/2015/03/tokantrano-tsy-ahahaka.html "Tokantrano, tsy ahahaka"], in ''FAnambinana MAdagasikara - FAMà'', 02 mars 2015.</small></ref> alina no tsinana ny volana Alahamady, ary ny 21 Marsa 2015 no miandoha ny taona malagasy 2015. * Ny 10 Marsa no nanaovana ny fankalazana tamin' ny taona 2016<ref><small>[https://blogdemadagascar.com/les-6-choses-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-le-nouvel-an-malgache/ "Les 6 choses que vous devez savoir sur le nouvel an malgache"] {{Wayback|url=https://blogdemadagascar.com/les-6-choses-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-le-nouvel-an-malgache/ |date=20160504035647 }} in ''Blogdemadagascar''</small></ref> <ref><small>[http://lemurie.over-blog.com/2016/03/ny-taombaovao-malagasy-ou-le-nouvel-an-malagasy.html "Ny Taombaovao Malagasy ou le Nouvel An Malagasy."] nosoratan'i Jao Malaza in ''Lemurie.over-blog.com''</small></ref>. * Nankalazaina tamin' ny 28 Marsa<ref><small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914021044/http://tvmada.com/lcvmada/taom-baovao-malagasy-2017/ "Arts & Culture : Taom-baovao malagasy 2017 à Analakely"] in ''TVMada-RadioMada''</small></ref> ny taom-baovao malagasy 2017. * Tamin' ny taona 2018 dia tamin' ny 18 Marsa no nankalazana ny taom-baovao fararano<ref><small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190128151213/https://www.lexpressmada.com/19/03/2018/tradition-le-nouvel-an-malgache-dans-une-liesse-populaire/ "Tradition - Le Nouvel An malgache dans une liesse populaire"], ''L'Express de Madagascar'', 19 Marsa 2018</small></ref> <ref><small>[https://mada-actus.info/art-et-culture/nouvel-an-malagasy-2018-soyons-fiers-de-notre-culture/ "Nouvel An Malagasy 2018 : soyons fiers de notre culture ! "] {{Wayback|url=https://mada-actus.info/art-et-culture/nouvel-an-malagasy-2018-soyons-fiers-de-notre-culture/ |date=20200421204945 }} - ''Mada Actus Info.''</small></ref>. * Tamin' ny taona 2019 dia ny 6 Avrily no nankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasin' ireo ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy. ==== Ny tetiandro ampiasain' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano ==== Tsy manara-bolana tanteraka fa [[Tetiandro manara-bolana sy masoandro|manara-bolana sy masoandro]] ny tetiandro ampiasain' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano.Midika izany fa amin' izy ireo dia nanana fomba namantarany ny [[ekinoksa]]<nowiki/>m-pararano (21 Marsa), na zavatra hafa mitovy amin' izany, ny [[Ntaolo]], na dia tsy fiteny tamin' izany fotoana izany aza ny hoe ''[[ekinoksa]]'' (frantsay: ''equinoxe''). Ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy sy ny mpikambana sasany ao amin' ny Akademia Malagasy dia samy manohana fa raha ampifandrifiana amin' ny [[Tetiandro gregôriana|fanisan-taona gregôriana]] dia ny tsinambolana akaiky indrindra ny ekinôksa 21 Martsa no fiandohan' ny taona malagasy ka ankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy. Toherin' ny mpanaraka ny [[tetiandro manara-bolana]] sady mankalaza ny [[Fandroana]] na Alahamady, tsy amin' ny daty na volana gregôriana raikitra, ny fomba famaritan' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano satria amin' izy ireo dia manara-bolana tanteraka ny [[tetiandro malagasy]]. ==== Tsy mijery volana na kintana intsony fa mampiasa solosaina ==== Fahizay, hoy ny ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, dia manisa andro sy mijery ny endrika sy ny toeran' ny [[volana]] mitaha amin' ny [[antokon-kintana]] ny mpanandro mba hahalalana ny volana tsinana sy ny diavolana sy ny maizimbolana ary ny anaram-bolana. Ankehitrio kosa, noho ny fisian' ny milina matanjaka dia azo fantarina mialoha ny andro mahatsinana ny volana Alahamady satria ny [[solosaina]] matanjaka dia afaka mikajy izany ho an' ny 50 taona hoavy. Indreto santionany amin' ny datin' ny taom-baovao malagasy fararano hatramin' ny taona 2019: * Taona 2015: 20 Marsa 2015 amin' ny 12 ora 36mn antoandro no tsinan' Alahamady. * Taona 2016: 10 Marsa 2016 amin' ny 04 ora maraina sy 55 mn no tsinan' Alahamady. * Taona 2017: 28 Marsa 05 ora maraina sy 58 mn no tsinan' Alahamady. * Taona 2018: 17 Marsa amin' ny 16 ora hariva sy 13 mn no tsinan' Alahamady. * Taona 2019: 05 Avrily amin' ny 11ora atoandro 51 mn no tsinan' Alahamady. ==== Fiverenana amin' ny volana Marsa sy Avrily ==== Araka ny fahalalan' ny mpitarika ny fankalazana taom-baovao fararano, tamin' ny taratasim-panjakana nifanaovan' ny mpitondra fanjakana teto Madagasikara tamin' ny nanjakan-d[[Ranavalona III]], taratasy izay voarakitra ao amin' ny tahirim-bako-pirenena, dia hita fa mifanandrify amin' ny volana Marsa na Avrily eo hatrany ny volana Alahamady ho an' ny taona 1894 sy 1895 sy 1896 ary 1897^{[''Asio loharano hanamarinana izany'']}. Misy fifanojoana andro tahaka izay hita amin' izao taona 2025 sy 2026 izao anefa ny tamin' izany fotoana izany.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://jentilisa.blaogy.com/122_hevitra_mpanohariana/archive/8714_aiza_ho_aiza_marina_ilay_taombaovao_malagasy.html |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2026-03-13 |archive-date=2025-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213094622/https://jentilisa.blaogy.com/122_hevitra_mpanohariana/archive/8714_aiza_ho_aiza_marina_ilay_taombaovao_malagasy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Fanamarinana ny taombaovao fararano === ==== Fiezahana manamarina ara-toetrandro sy ara-toekarena ==== Hoan' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy dia eo amin' ny vanimpotoan' ny [[Fararano|faranano]], izany hoe, efa lasa ny [[rivodoza]], ny ranobe, ny fihotsahan' ny tany, izany fotoana izany. Miakatra ny vary, ka resy ny maintso ahitra. Fahizay dia indroa miakatra ny vary isan-taona ka ny "vary aloha" dia eo amin' ny volana Febroary no miakatra, fa ny fotoana fiakaran' ny vary hafa kosa dia eo amin' ny fararano izay mifanandrify amin' ny volana Marsa-Avrily amin' ny taona [[Tetiandro gregoriana|gregôriana]]. Efa afaka mifaly sy tsy mifehy kibo intsony ny rehetra ary efa nindaosin' ny ranobe sy ny rivodoza ny loto ary manomboka madio indray ny voajanahary rehetra. Ny vahoaka Merina dia manararaotra an' io mba hidio amin' ny alalan' ny fandroana sy fifamelana ary fandiovana ny tontolo manodidina. Fotoana filanonana ara-boajanahary, hoy izy ireo, ny fararano, satria tafavoaka ny andro ratsy sy ny mosary. Entin' izy ireo manamarina ny fankalazana koa ny fiteny fahizay, toy ny hoe "Mandihiza rahitsikitsika, hianaranay raha fararano". ==== Fiezahana manamarina ara-kaikintana ==== Misy amin' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano ny milaza fa amin' ny vava Alahamady no mifanitsy ny tsinam-bolana sy ny antokon-kitanan' Alahamady eny amin' ny lanitra raha jerena avy eto [[Madagasikara]]<ref><small>Tokony tsy ho marina izany raha heverina ny momba ny fikisahan' ny [[Fanandroana miankina amin' ny zôdiaka mikisaka|zôdiaka mikisaka]].</small></ref>. Misy aza ny milaza fa mifanitsy amin' ireo koa ny [[masoandro]]. Ny tsinam-bolana akaiky indrindra ny [[ekinoksa|ekinôksa]] 21 Marsa no tena mora amantarana ny andro voalohany amin' ny taom-baovao malagasy, hoy ny mpanao ny fankalazana amin' ny fararano. Izany fiheverana izany dia tsy mifanaraka amin' ny zava-misy marina ara-[[Hainkintana|kaikintana]] satria tsy amin' io fotoana io no idiran' ny [[masoandro]] na ao amin' ny fari-danitry ny [[Ondrilahy (antokon-kintana)|antokon-kintan' ny Ondrilahy]] (na Alahamady) ([[Fiteny latina|latina]]: ''Aries''; [[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Belier''). Ny daty maha ao amin' ny fari-danitry ny antokon-kintana Ondrilahy dia eo anelanelan' ny 18 Avrily sy 13 Mey. === Fankalazana ny taom-baovao fararano === ==== Fomba fankalazana ==== Mba hahatonga ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao fararano hahazo olona maro dia malalaka ny fomba fanatanterahana izany araka ny toerana misy ny mpikarakara satria ny rehetra dia afaka mankalaza azy amin' ny fomba mety aminy, fa tsy voatery hanaraka ny fomba merina. Rehefa tonga ny taom-baovao malagasy dia azo atao tsara ny mankalaza izany amin' ny fomba misy ao amin' ny faritra mankalaza izany<ref name=":3" />. Ny taom-baovao malagasy dia tsy misy fomba iraisana hankalazana azy fa dia miankina tanteraka amin' ny mpikarakara ny fankalazana azy: ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|Kristiana]] dia afaka mankalaza izany amin' ny fomba kristiana, ny [[Finoana silamo eto Madagasikara|Silamo malagasy]] koa dia afaka mankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy amin' ny fomba silamo; toy izany koa ireo mpandala ny nentim-paharazana. Ny mpandraharaha amin' ny sehatra maro dia afaka mankalaza izany koa amin' ny fombany toy ny hetsika ao amin' ny toeram-piasana na toeram-pianarana. Ny taranak' [[andriana]] dia afaka mankalaza izany amin' ny fombany. Ary any amin' ny faritra maro eran' i Madagasikara dia azo ankalazaina amin' ny fomba any amin' ny faritra ny taom-baovao malagasy. Na dia izany aza dia tsy vitsy amin' ny Malagasy ny tsy mamerina ny fomba fankalazana Alahamadibe izay heveriny fa mifanohitra amin' ny toetrandro. Tsy misy araka izany ny [[valabe]] na ny [[lapabe]] na ny [[kimandrimandry]] izay lazain' ny mpahay tantara fa nisehoana fahalalahan' ny firaisana ara-nofo. Misy, ohatra, omby tsy tokony ho vonoina noho ny volony. ==== Faritra sy toerana ary sehatra mankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy ==== [[Sary:Alahamadibe3.JPG|vignette|240x240px]] Saika ao amin' ny faritra Analamabga sy ny manodidjna no mankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy fararano. Mankalaza izany ny ao [[Antananarivo]], ny ao Ikianja [[Ambohimangakely]], ny ao [[Imerimanjaka]], ny ao [[Ambohidrabiby]], ny ao [[Ambohimanga]], ny ao [[Sabotsy Namehana]] ary ny ao [[Ilafy]]. Efa nisy ny sekoly sy ny Kristiana ary ny fikambanana pôlitika nankalaza izany taom-baovao izany<ref><small>Nisy sekoly ao Antananarivo izay mankalaza io taom-baovao io ao amin' ny toeran' ny sekoly ihany na mamonjy ireny toerana manan-tantara ireny. Ny sekoly ACEEM dia nankalaza ny taom-baovao fararano tao an-tsekoly ka ny mpianatra amin' ny sekoly dia manao fitafy malagasy amin' ny andron' ny fankalazana.</small></ref><ref><small>Misy koa ny Kristiana sy nankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy fararano. Ny [[Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara|Fiangonana FJKM]] [[Ambohidrabiby]] dia mankalaza izany amin' ny fomba kristiana ka fivavahana [[Ekiomenisma|ekiomenika]] ao ampiangonana no ataony amin' izany ary ny mpiangona dia manao akanjo malagasy daholo amin' izany.</small>    </ref><ref><small>Ao koa ny fikambanana pôlitika nankalaza azy toy ny antoko KITANA tarihin' i Tabera izay tsy nankalaza izany intsony taty aoriana. Maro koa ireo trano fisakafoanana sy filanonana manao tolotra manokana rehefa tonga ny taom-baovao malagasy fararano.</small></ref>. Marihina fa tsy rototra amin' ny fankalazana io taom-baovao malagasy fararano io ny any amin' ny faritra maro ivelan' [[Faritra Analamanga|Analamanga]] nefa misy ihany ny tonga ao Antananarivo rehefa mahazo fanasana, indrindra ny printsy, ny printsesy, ny [[ampanjaka]] sy [[tangalamena]] sns<ref name=":3" /><ref><small>"Efa maro ireo mponina avy amin' ny faritra no nanambara fa an' ny vahoaka Malagasy tsy vakivolo ny Taombaovao Malagasy koa manentana ny fankalazana hatao ny 31 martsa izao toy ny Printsesy Francia RANDRIANJAFY izay taranaky ny Ampanjaka Didi-Sakalava Sofia sy Atoa Patrick Andriamamy, taranak' Andriamisara efadahy avy amin' ny Sakalava" ([https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf Taombaovao Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf |date=20250125082916 }}, ''ariniaina.mondoblog.org'', 2014)</small></ref>. == Fankalazana taom-baovao mitety fizaràn-taona == [[Sary:Alamady.JPG|vignette|233x233px|[[Afindrafindrao]] mandritra ny fankalazana ny Alahamadibe]]Ity indray dia taom-baovao amin' ny tsinan' Alahamady ([[Alahamadibe]]) araka ny tetiandro malagasy [[Tetiandro manara-bolana|manara-bolana]] tanteraka, atao hoe "isa lava". Tsy amin' ny [[Tetiandro gregoriana|daty gregôriana]] na [[fizaràn-taona]] raikitra ny tsinan' Alahamady fa mitety ny volana gregôriana sy ny fizaràn-taona rehetra. Tamin' ny taona 2013 dia tamin' ny Aogositra no nanaovana ny fankalazana<ref><small>"[https://fr.scribd.com/document/472808172/sur-le-nouvel-an-malgache-pdf L'Asaramanitra en 2013]", ''fr.scribd.com'', Janvier 2013</small></ref>. Anisan' ny fikambanana sy taranaka mankalaza izany ny [[Zanadranavalona]] ao [[Antananarivo]] satria taorian' ny mpanjaka [[Andriamasinavalona]] (taona 1730) ny razambeny dia efa nankalaza izany, izany hoe efa 280 taona<ref name=":3" />. === Fotoam-pankalazana === ==== Daty tsy amin' ny volana gregôriana raikitra ==== Misy ny fankalazana [[Alahamadibe]] izay tsy manaraka [[Tetiandro gregôriana|volana gregôriana]] raikitra fa mitety volana. Ilay mpanoratra ny "Alimanaka malagasy", i [[Alima Rabesata]], koa dia manohana io Alahamady mitety fizaràn-taona io sady manohitra mafy ny Alahamady fararano tsy miova. Ny tetiandro malagasy misy anaram-bolana avy amin' ny [[Fiteny arabo|teny arabo]] dia miankina tanteraka amin' ny tsingerim-[[Volana|bolana]] fa tsy amin' ny [[masoandro]] ka latsaka 10 na 11 andro ny taona manara-bolana ary tsy mifanena ny daty gregôriana sy ny daty manara-bolana raha tsy afaka 33 taona gregoriana fa tsy isan-taona<ref><small>Cousins, ''Ny'' ''fomba'' ''malagasy'', 7e edition, Imprimerie Imarivolanitra, 1963, p. 169.</small></ref><ref><small>P. Adolphe Razafintsalama, ''Ny'' ''finoana'' ''sy'' ''ny'' ''fomba'' ''malagasy'', edisiona Md Paoly, Antananarivo, 1989, p. 52.</small></ref>. Nisy fankalazana taom-baovao tamin' ny 29 Aogositra 2011<ref name=":1" />. Tamin' ny taona 2012 dia ny 19 Aogositra no nanatanterahana izany<ref name=":1" />. Ny datin' ny taom-baovao tamin' ny taona 2013 dia tamin' ny 8 Aogositra 2013<ref name=":1" />. Ny taom-baovao malagasy araka ny tetiandro manara-bolana tamin' ny taona 2017 dia ny tsinam-bolan' Alahamady tamin' ny 24 Jona. Ny taona 2025 sy ny taona 2026 dia hitantsika mazava tsara fa mifanindry ny fotoam-pankalazàna eo amin'ireo antoko roa mifandrafy amin'ity resaka taom-baovao ity.<ref name=":2" /> === Fanamarinana ny fotoam-pankalazana === '''Sombin-dahatsoratra fanamarinana''' Ireto misy sombin-dahatsoratra faha mpanjaka izay mety manamarina ny tsy maha raikitra amin' ny volana gregôriana iray na roa ny volana malagasy iray, indrindra ny mahadiso ny taom-baovao fararano. <blockquote>"Izaho Ranavalomanjaka, .... Manome ity taratasy ity an-dRahobivelo ho fahatsiarovana ny soa nataony tamy ny Fanjakana noho ny nandoavany Ariary roa ho fitia tsy mba hetra tamy ny nandoavany vidim-basy tamy ny 10 <u>Asombola 19 Febroary 1880</u>... Nosoratana tao amy ny Lapako ao Tsarahafatra tamy ny <u>20 Alahasaty (30 Janoary)</u>, ny taonan' ny Tompo, 1880"<ref><small>Sombin-dahatsoratra aseho ao amin'ny rakibolana ''[[Vitasoa]]'', nosoratan-dRabenilaina Roger Bruno sy ny namany, p. 484, taona 2015, Edisiona Ambozontany, Analamahitsy, Antananarivo, 2015.</small>    </ref></blockquote> == Fankalazana taombaovao lohataona == === Fotoam-pankalazana=== ==== Fotoam-pankalazana ny taom-baovao lohataona==== Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2016 dia nisy ny fankalazana taom-baovao malagasy iraisam-paritra izay atao amin' ny volana [[Septambra]] ka tapaka fa amin' ny tsinam-bolan' ny Septambra no anatanterahana izany. Talohan' io taona 2016 io dia efa nisy ny nanao fankalazana ny taombaovao lohataona tao [[Antananarivo]]. Taty aoriana dia nanapaka ny mpankalaza taom-baovao lohataona tamin' ny taona 2018 fa ankalazaina isaky ny 22 Septambra ny taom-baovao malagasy ho an' ny faritra rehetra eto Madagasikara<ref name=":0"><small>[https://tiatanindrazana.com/pages/modules.php?id=27715 "Taom-baovao iraisan’ny Malagasy rehetra Nankalazaina teny Ambohimanga, omaly" - ''Tia Tanindrazana''] {{Wayback|url=https://tiatanindrazana.com/pages/modules.php?id=27715 |date=20191021051838 }}</small></ref>. Izany hoe tsy ankinina amin' ny tsinam-bolana fa ankinina amin' ny fizaràn-taona. Marihina fa io volana Septambra io dia iray amin' ny volana ao amin' ny fizaràn-taona atao hoe [[lohataona]] izay mifanandrify amin' ny volana [[Volambita]]. Natao hoe ''Volambita'' rahateo ity vaninandro ity. ==== Daty nankalazana taombaovao lohataona ==== Efa hita tany amin' ny taona 2012 tany ny firesahana ny hoe Volambita izay nanaovana hetsika ara-kolontsaina indridra amin' ny lafiny zavakanto<ref><small>[http://www.scoop-digital.com/public/article.php?idArticle=92 "«Volambita» : Hisantarana ny antsa asabotsy sy ny efitra malalaka", http://www.scoop-digital.com, 20 0ctobre 2012.]</small> </ref>. Nankalazaina tamin' ny 21 Septambra ny taom-baovao malagasy 2017 <ref><small>[https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/20/volambita-hasongadina-ny-soatoavina-malagasy/ "Volambita: Hasongadina ny soatoavina malagasy", in News Mada.com, 20 Septembre 2017.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/20/volambita-hasongadina-ny-soatoavina-malagasy/ |date=20190417233501 }}</small></ref> <ref><small>[https://tiatanindrazana.com/pages/modules.php?id=27715 "Taom-baovao iraisan'ny Malagasy rehetra Nankalazaina teny Ambohimanga, omaly"] {{Wayback|url=https://tiatanindrazana.com/pages/modules.php?id=27715 |date=20191021051838 }} - in ''Tia Tanindrazana''</small></ref> <ref><small>[http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/culture/2017/09/25/volambita-un-asaramanitra-tres-eclectique/ "«Volambita» : Un «Asaramanitra» très éclectique !", in ''Midi Madagascar'', 25 Septembre 2017.]</small></ref> <ref><small>[http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/culture/2017/08/31/volambita-la-fete-du-fihavanana/ "Volambita : La fête du « Fihavanana »", in ''MidiMadagascar'', 31 Aout 2017.]</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2018 dia tamin' ny 22 Septambra kosa ny taom-baovao lohataona. === Fanamarinana ny fisafidianana ny lohataona === ==== Fanaporofoana ara-tantara ==== Ny fiantombohan' ny lohataona, hoy ny mpankalaza taom-baova lohataona, no atao hoe [[Volambita]] any amin' ny faritra maro eto Madagasikara izay nampiasa ny anaram-bolana amin' ny [[Fiteny sanskrity|teny sanskrity]] (fiteny tranainy tao [[India]]) <ref><small>Constant HAMES (coll.), ''Coran et talismans - Textes et pratiques magiques en milieu musulman'', 2007, p. 240.</small></ref>. Raha faritra vitsy no lazaina fa nankalaza ny Alahamadibe, izay mifamatotra amin' ny andro nahaterahan' ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]] sy ny mpanjaka merina hafa koa, ny fiantombohan' ny lohataona dia fantatry ny ankamaroan' ny [[Foko eto Madagasikara|foko rehetra eto Madagasikara]] efa talohan' ny fiitaran' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakana Merina]] sady nankalazainy tsy an-tery fa an-kalalahana. Tsy vao tamin' io taona 2018 io tsy akory, hoy izy ireo, no nanombohan' ny Malagasy nankalaza ny taom-baovao lohataona. Ny olana eto dia ny tsy fitovian' ny fotona tondroina amin' ny anarana hoe ''Volambita'' tamin' ny faritra maro, satria ny volana rehetra ao amin' ny lohataona dia nety natao Volambita tamin' ny fotoana faha mpanjaka, araka ny voasoratry ny mpahay tantara. Tsy mitovy habe amin' ny olana misy eo amin' ny mpankalaza Alahamady na taom-baovao fararano anefa izany satria samy tao anaty lohataona ny Volambita samihafa fa tsy tamin' ny [[fizaràn-taona]] samy hafa. Ny anaram-bolana sasany avy amin' ny fiteny sanskrity rahateo dia anarana ahafantarana ny [[fizaran-taona]] koa. '''Fanamarinana ara-pitenenana sy ara-boajanahary''' Milaza ny mpankalaza taom-baovao lohataona fa ny fiandohan' ny lohataona no tena taom-baovao malagasy satria miandoha na manomboka eo ny [[taona]]. Amin' ny maha fotoana fiandohan' ny taona azy indrindra, hoy izy ireo, no nanomezan' ny [[Ntaolo|Ntaolo malagasy]] azy ny anarana hoe ''lohataona'' (misy koa ny manao hoe ''lohatao'' na ''lohataogno''). Mbola hita taratra ao amin' ny anaran' ilay vorona atao hoe ''[[taotaonkafa]]'', ''kankafotra'' na ''taotaokafo'' (anarana ara-tsiansa: ''Cuculus poliocephalus rochii''), izay ataon' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa manambara ny fahatongavan' ny taona hafa (na dia toy izany ihany ny fanenony amin' ny fizaràn-taona hafa rehetra), izany hoe taona vaovao izany rehefa maneno amin' ny fiandohan' ny [[lohataona]]<ref><small>[http://motmalgache.org/bins/teny2/kankafotra "Kankafotra" ao amin'ny Dictionnaire malgache et encyclopédie de Madagascar]</small>.</ref>. Hita amin' ny angano izany<ref><small>[http://agir.avec.madagascar.over-blog.com/article-le-kankafotra-et-la-vitsy-99644199.html "Le kankafotra et la vintsy"] , Agir ''avec Madagascar''.</small></ref> ary hita koa amin' ny ohabolana<ref><small>[http://motmalgache.org/bins/ohabolana/kankafotra.mg.n "Proverbe: Kankafotra" ao amin'ny Dictionnaire malgache et encyclopédie]</small></ref><ref><small>[https://ohabolana.org/ohabolana/misy/kankafotra "Ohabolana misy teny hoe ka,kafotra", in ''Ohabolana.org'']</small></ref>sy ny fitenenana maro<ref><small>[https://www.newsmada.com/2018/01/02/taona-taon-kafa-volan-kankafotra/ "Taona, taon-kafa ... volan-kakafotra", ao amin'ny ''Newsmada''.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.newsmada.com/2018/01/02/taona-taon-kafa-volan-kankafotra/ |date=20190417224936 }}</small></ref><ref><small>Arnold Van Gennep, ''Tabou et totémisme à Madagascar'', Paris, 1904, p.263</small></ref> ary ny tonon-kalo<ref><small>[http://vetso.serasera.org/tononkalo/miarantsoa-anicet/tsy-taom-baovao Miarantsoa Anicet, "Tsy taom-baovao" ao amin'ny ''Tononkalo malagasy''.]</small></ref> na hainteny<ref><small>Leonard Fox (ed.), ''Hainteny: The Traditional Poetry of Madagascar'', Bucknell University Press,U.S., 1990, p. 272.</small></ref> tranainy na vaovao. Amin' io fotoana io, hoy ny mpomba ny taom-baovao lohataona, dia manomboka velom-bolo ny zavaboary manontolo, fa tsy ny olombelona ihany, manomboka mitsiry ny ravin' ny zavamaniry manintsan-dravina, mihamaro ny vorona misiotsioka, manomboka ny fiasan-tany sns, mivoaka avy any anaty tany ny biby mpilevina ririnina. Tsy ny Malagasy ihany no nankalaza ny [[lohataona]] fa firenena maro koa, ka ny volana Marsa, raha ny marina, dia fiandohan' ny lohataona any amin' ny ila-bolantany avaratra, fa ny aty atsimo kosa amin' ny volana Septambra. Izao ny tenin' ny filohan' ny fikambanana "Iray Madagasikara", Eris Rabedaoro, izay anisan' ny mpandaka ny kolontsaina malagasy:<blockquote>"Nahoana no nantsoina hoe [[Volambita]] ary nahoana no ankalazaina amin' ny volana Septambra ? Rehefa tonga ny volana Septambra aty amin' ny ilabolan-tany atsimo, dia mifoha daholo indray ny zava-manan' aina. Velona avokoa noho izany na ny vorona, na ny voninkazo, na ny hazo, na ny biby. Hoy ny volan' ny kakafotra hoe: Tao Tao Kafa, izay midika hoe Taona Vaovao. Ny [[ambiaty]] kosa dia mamelana amin' io fotoana io. Hoy ny Ntaolo hoe: manambara izany fa tonga ny taona vaovao voalazan' ny Lanitra. Namorona io zavamaniry io hono mantsy Andriamanitra entina hanambaràna ny Lohataona. Ny ambiaty mantsy mahalala ny ao ampon' ny Lanitra. Samy nanome anarana io Lohataona io avokoa ny foko rehetra, ka nisy anarana iray niavaka tamin' ny be sy ny maro, dia ny Volambita. Mitovy amin' ilay antsoina hoe [[Asaramanitra (volana malagasy)|Asaramanitra]] any ampovoan-tany sy any antsimon' ny nosy izy io. Mety avy amin' ny sansrit no nihavian' ny teny hoe ''Volambita'' saingy tsy fantatra mazava izay tena dikany, ka izay ihany koa no antony nisafidianana azy. Amin' io fotoana io isika mianakavy vao hiara-hankalaza andro lehibe iombonana hatramin' ny nahazoantsika ny fahaleovantena na dia samy manana ny fankalazana ny taom-baovaony aza ny faritra sy foko tsirairay avy. Amin' ny alalan' ny harentsaina sy ny zava-kanto no iarahantsika manatontosa izany firaisan-kina izany. Raha mifandray tanana isika, dia hiara-hiaro ny firaisan-kina sy ny [[fihavanana]] ary hiaro ny fahasamihafana. Fa ny fihavanana no hery"<ref><small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200926040458/http://iraymadagasikara.mg/volambita.html "Tenin’ny filohan’ny fikambanana Iray, Andriamatoa Eris Rabedaoro", in http://www.iraymadagasikara.mg]</small></ref>.</blockquote> === Fanoherana ny mpankalaza lohataona === Toherin' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano ny fankalazana ny Volambita. Antony roa lehibe no tena misongadina, dia antony ara-pôlitika sy antony ara-pinoana. Ao ny fiampangana ny mpankalaza taom-baovao Volambita ho mpivarotra tanindrazana sy mpanongam-panjakana. Nampangaina ho olona tsy manaja ny hasina izy ireo tamin' ny famonoana omby mainty sy tamin' ny nisafidian' izy ireo andro heverin' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano ho mifanohitra amin' ny Alahamady. Lazain' ny mpomba ny Alahamady fararano fa fotoana mampihetsika ny hadalan' ny biby sy ny olombelona ny volana Septambra<ref><small>[https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/23/fomba-sy-kolontsaina-miketrika-hamotika-ny-firenena-ny-volambita/ "Fomba sy kolontsaina: miketrika ny hamotina ny firenena ny volambita", in ''Newsmada.com'', 23 Septambra 2017.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/23/fomba-sy-kolontsaina-miketrika-hamotika-ny-firenena-ny-volambita/ |date=20190418094013 }}</small></ref>. === Olana momba ny fampiasana ny anarana hoe ''Volambita'' === Tsy tokana ny laharan' ny [[Volambita]] fa miovaova isam-paritra. Misy ny milaza fa volana voalohany ao amin' ny taona izy satria mifanandrify amin' ny [[lohataona]]. Tsy manondro fari-potoana tokana ny anarana hoe ''Volambita'' sady tsy volana voalohany ao amin' ny taona ny Volambita amin' ny faritra rehetra eto [[Madagasikara]]. Volana voalohany ny Volambita ao amin' ny foko [[betsimisaraka]], izay manitsaka ny volana Septambra sy Ôktôbra, ka eo no anombohan' ny fotoam-pambolena. Ny [[Sihanaka]] sy ny [[Antanosy]] kosa dia manao ny Volambita ho volana faha-8. Amin' ny [[Antefasy]] dia volana faha-10 ny Volambitabe (Rakotosaona, 1972)<ref>[http://tenymalagasy.org/bins/teny2/volambita?w=volambita "Volambita",] ao amin'ny ''Rakibolana malagasy''.</ref>. Ao amin' ny [[Antambahoaka|foko tambahoaka]] sy [[bezanozano]] dia anaran' ny volana faha-11 ny [[Volambita]]. Na izany na tsy izany dia volana manan-danja indrindra ny Volambita (misabaka amin' ny volana Septambra sy Ôktôbra) any amin' ny faritra atsimo-atsinanan' i Madagasikara == Ny tanjon' ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy == Ny firenena malagasy, toy ny firenena maro eran-tany ([[Jiosy]], Arabo, Egiptiana, Etiôpiana, Indiana, Sinoa, Eorôpeana) dia nanana ny taonany manokana sy mankalaza ny fiandohan' izany taona izany. Tsy latsa-danja noho ireo ny Malagasy. === Hamerenana izay nofoanan' ny fomba vahiny === Nosoloin' i [[Frantsa]] ny fankalazana ny 14 Jolay ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy. Amin' izao fotoana izao koa dia misy ny Malagasy mihevitra fa ampy hanamarihana ny firaisam-pirenena ny fankalaza ny fetin' ny fahaleovan-tena malagasy isaky ny 26 Jona. Araka ny hevitr' ireo ao amin' ny [[Trano Koltoraly Malagasy]], hatramin' ny taona 1897 mandrak' ankehitrio dia mbola manan-kery foana ny didim-pitondrana noraisin' ny mpitondra frantsay nanafoana ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy. Ny mpitondra nifandimby dia tsy rototra tamin' ny fanafoanana izany lalàna izany, tsy noho ny fanoherany ny fankalazana, satria misy ny mankalaza izany malalaka, fa noho ny mety ho fandraisan' ny Malagasy ny hevitra ara-pôlitikan' izany raha ampifandraisina amin' ny tantara faha mpanjaka. Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2007 dia nijoro ny [[Trano Koltoraly Malagasy]] sy ny [[Akademia Malagasy]] izay niara-namerina ny fankalazana amin' ny fomba manetriketrika izany taom-baovao malagasy izany ka nisafidy ny volana Marsa na Avrily izay heveriny fa mifanandrify amin' ny Alahamady<ref name=":3" />. Na dia mankalaza malalaka izay heveriny ho taom-baovao malagasy aza ny ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy sy ny sokajin' olona hafa koa dia tsy afa-po izy ireo raha tsy foanana ilay didim-pitondrana noraisin' ny fanjakana frantsay. === Hankalazaina ara-panjakana === Entanin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy ny fanjakana malagasy hanao andro tsy fiasana nefa andraisan-karama izany andro fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy izany. Tsy afa-po koa ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy satria tsapany fa mihamaro ny mpitondra fanjakana no mankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy saingy mbola tsy ôfisialy izany. Nisy ny vahiny, toy ny Ambasadôro [[Indônezia|indôneziana]] eto Madagasikara, izay tonga nanotrona tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy tamin' ny 31 Martsa 2014. Araka ny hevitr' ireo ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, rehefa tafaverina amin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fankalazana izany taom-baovao malagasy izany dia ho avy hiarahaba ny firenena sy ny vahoaka malagasy ny firenena maro eran-tany isaky ny Marsa na Avrily isan-taona, izay vao hohajain' ny vahiny amin' ny fombany ny Malagasy ary hotafatoetra ny [[Fiandrianana|fiandrianam-pirenena]] tena izy. === Ho fanavaozana ny hasina === Araka ny finoan' ny mpankalaza taom-baovao fararano, ny taom-baovao malagasy, tamin' ny niantsoana azy hoe ''Alahamadibe'', dia nataon' ny [[Ntaolo]] ho fanavaozana ny [[hasina]] eo amin' ny tontolo rehetra, ho fanamafisana orina ny [[fihavanana]] sy ho fametrahana sy fisaorana an' i [[Andriamanitra (finoan-drazana malagasy)|Zanahary]] noho ny soa sy fitahiana rehetra nataony ary ny amin' ny hoavy mandritry ny taona vaovao ary ho fanomezan-danja ny maha Malagasy. == Fomba fijery samihafa == Ny sokajin' olona ampangain' ny sasany fa te hampifanakaiky ny fomba malagasy amin' ny fomba jiosy na [[Hebreo (mponina)|hebreo]] (jereo: [[Jiosy malagasy]]) dia milaza fa amin' ny volana Marsa na Avrily, amin' ny volana ''Abiba'' na ''Aviva'' na ''Nisana'' amin' ny [[tetiandro hebreo]] ny taom-baovao malagasy<ref><small>[http://jiosy-eto-madagasikara.blogspot.com/2017/04/ny-taom-baovao-ara-baiboly-na.html "Ny taom-baovao ara-baiboly na taom-baovao malagasy dia manomboka ny volana Abib (Marsa-Aprily)"] - Ndriana Rabarioelina in ''Ny Jiosy eto Madagasikara''.</small></ref>. === Fomba fijerin' ny Kristiana === Tsy tena misy ny fanambaràna ôfisialy na ampahibemaso ataon' ny fiangonana kristiana ankehitriny manohitra ny fankalazana ny taombaovao malagasy. Na izany aza, rehefa nahazo laka ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|fivavahana kristiana teto Madagasikara]] dia nolazaina avy hatrany fa [[Fanompoan-tsampy|manompo sampy]] ireo izay manohy mankalaza ny [[Alahamadibe]]. Ny tsara homarihina tokoa mantsy dia misy fifamatorana akaiky tsy azo sarahina ny fitondram-panjakana sy ny fanisana andro ary ny fomba (ara-piarahamonina sy ara-pivavahana) ho an' ny mponina na ny firenena. Ohatra, ny [[Finoana silamo|Silamo]] manana ny fanisana andro ho azy ireo sy ny fety ara-pivavahava miaraka aminy; toraka izany koa ny [[Sinoa]], ny [[Karàna]] ary ny Eorôpeana izay tompon' ny [[Tetiandro gregôriana|fanisana andro gregôriana]] sy nampiely ny [[fivavahana kristiana]], raha tsy hitanisa afa-tsy ireo. Ny fandraisana ny fivavahana kristiana koa dia nahatonga ny maro amin' ny Malagasy hihevitra fa mpamosavy sy mpilalao ody izay Malagasy mbola manao izany fankalazana ny taom-baovao malagasy izany. Ny taombaovao malagasy dia fotoana hanadiovana ny fo sy ny saina, hamerenan-kasina, handravonana ny disadisa, hanamafisana ny fihavanana eo anivon' ny ankohonana sy ny fiarahamonina ary ny firenena<ref name=":3" />. Inoan' ny Kristiana anefa (sady efa nahafaty maritiry ny sasany aminy izany) fa efa voadio tamin' ny ran' i [[Jesoa|Jesoa Kristy]] izy ireo sady heverin' ny Kristiana tsy te hampifangaroharo finoana (ny [[Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina (Madagasikara)|Katôlika]] sy [[Ôrtôdôksa]] sy ny [[Anglikanisma|Anglikana]] sy ny ankabeazan' ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]]) fa ny [[Advento]] na Fiandrasana no taom-baovao raha eo amin' ny lafiny finoana. Mifanembantsembana amin' ny fotoam-piomanana amin' ny [[Paska]] (na Paka) izay ankalazan' ny Kristiana ny fahavitan' ny [[famonjena]] azy ny datin' ny taom-baovao fararano. Ankoatra izany dia misy mihevitra fa niharoharo fomba mifanohitra amin' ny fitondran-tena kristiana madio koa ny fankalazana ny Alahamadibe faha mpanjaka novana anarana ho "taom-baovao malagasy" ka anisan' izany ny fanaovana [[kimandrimandry]] (fotoana anafoanana ny fisarahana ara-pirazanana sy arapoko sary ara-piarahamonina) na [[lapabe]]<ref name=":3" />, tsy hadino koa ny [[valabe]]. Manampy trotraka amin' ny tsy faharisihan' ny Kristiana maro ny fahitana na fandrenesana ny Malagasy mpandala ny nentin-drazana sasany izay tena mankeny am-pasana (indrindra ny fasan' ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]]) manao fombafomba hangataham-pitahiana. === Fomba fijerin' ny Silamo === Tsy misy ny fanambaràna ôfisialy na ampahibemaso ataon' ny mpitondra fivavahana silamo eto Madagasikara mandrara ny mpino ao aminy ny fankalazana ny taombapvao malagasy. Na izany aza dia misy amin' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|mpino silamo eto Madagasikara]] koa ny tsy resy lahatra amin' ny fankalazana taom-baovao ankoatry ny iraisan' ny ankamaroan' ny olombelona maneran-tany sy ny taom-baovao silamo izay ankalazainy amin' ny volana [[Moharamo]] (محرم / ''Muharram''). === Tokony ho daty mitovy no ankalazana ny taom-baova malagasy === Na dia eo aza ny fahalalahan' ny Malagasy tsirairay sy isam-paritra hankalaza izay fety tiany hankalazaina amin' ny fotoana heveriny fa mifanaraka amin' ny fomban-drazany, dia mihevitra ny Malagasy mpandala ny kolontsaina malagasy, indrindra fa ny ao amin' ny [[Trano Koltoraly Malagasy]], fa tsy azo heverina intsony ny samy hankalaza ny taom-baovao malagasy araka ny datin' ny faritra tsirairay. Izany dia mitaky daty iray iombonan' ny faritra rehetra. Averina ankalazaina amin' ny fomba manetriketrika izany tonontaona malagasy izany satria natao ho an' ny Malagasy tsivakivolo, tsy manavaka fiaviana, firazanana sy finoana ary foko izany. Ny taom-baovao malagasy, amin' ny maha fankalazana natao ho an' ny Malagasy tsy ankanavaka azy, dia tokony hatao eran' i Madagasikara sy maneran-tany ka ny Malagasy no entanina hankalaza izany isan-taona. == Jereo koa == * [[Tetiandro malagasy]] *[[Tetiandro miozolmana]] *[[Tetiandro hebreo]] *[[Tetiandro babilôniana]] *[[Tetiandro hindoa|Tetiandro hindo]] *[[Jiosy malagasy]] * [[Alahamady]] * [[Alahamadibe]] *[[Lohataona]] == Rohy ivelany == === Rohy momba ny taom-baovao Alahamady fararano === * [http://fanambinanamadagasikara.blogspot.com/2015/03/torohay-ampitaina-taom-baovao-malagasy.html "Taombaovao malagasy: daty ? fomba ? tanjona ?" -] ''Fanambinanamadagasikara.blogspot'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210228014220/https://www.booknews.today/hankalazaina-ny-17-martsa-izao-ny-taombaovao-malagasy-2018/ "Hankalazaina ny 17 Martsa izao ny Taombaovao Malagasy 2018"] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133634/https://www.booknews.today/ ''Book News Madagasca''r] * [http://jiosy-eto-madagasikara.blogspot.com/2017/04/ny-taom-baovao-ara-baiboly-na.html "Ny taom-baovao ara-Baiboly na Taombaovao malagasy dia manomboka ny volana Abib (Marsa-Avrily)"] - [http://jiosy-eto-madagasikara.blogspot.com ''Ny Jiosy eto Madagasikara''] === Rohy momba ny taom-baovao Alahamady mitety fizaran-taona === * [http://www.tiatanindrazana.com/pages/modules.php?id=31534 "Fikambanana Zanadranavalona Hanatanteraka indray ny Taom-baovao eto Imerina"] - ''[http://www.tiatanindrazana.com/pages/index.php Tia Tanindrazana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tiatanindrazana.com/pages/index.php |date=20181119205906 }}'' === Rohy momba ny taom-baovao Volambita lohataona === *[http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/culture/2017/08/31/volambita-la-fete-du-fihavanana/ Volambita: la fête du fihavanana], ''Midi-Madagascar'', 30 Aogositra 2017. *[http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/culture/2017/09/25/volambita-un-asaramanitra-tres-eclectique/ "Volambita": un "Asaramanitra" très eclectique !], ''Midi-Madagascar'', 25 Septembre 2017. *[http://agir.avec.madagascar.over-blog.com/2017/09/tradition-volambita-celebre-le-nouvel-an-malgache.html Tradition – « Volambita » célèbre le Nouvel An malgache], ''agir.avec.madagascar''.over-blog.com *[https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/20/volambita-hasongadina-ny-soatoavina-malagasy/ Volambita: hasongadina ny soatoavina malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.newsmada.com/2017/09/20/volambita-hasongadina-ny-soatoavina-malagasy/ |date=20190417233501 }}, ''News Mada'', 20/09/2017 === Rohy tsy miandany === *[https://blaogyvoniary.wordpress.com/2018/01/19/oviana-marina-ny-fankalazana-ny-taom-baovao-malagasy-2018/ "Oviana marina ny fankalazana ny taom-baovao Malagasy 2018?"] - ''[https://blaogyvoniary.wordpress.com Blaogin'i Voniary]'' *[http://jentilisa.blaogy.com/122_hevitra_mpanohariana/archive/8714_aiza_ho_aiza_marina_ilay_taombaovao_malagasy.html "Aiza ho aiza marina ilay Taombaovao Malagasy?"] {{Wayback|url=http://jentilisa.blaogy.com/122_hevitra_mpanohariana/archive/8714_aiza_ho_aiza_marina_ilay_taombaovao_malagasy.html |date=20190719101120 }} - ''[http://jentilisa.blaogy.com/122_hevitra_mpanohariana Hevitra Mpanohariana]'' *[http://icalendrier.fr/calendriers-saga/calendriers/malgache "Le Calendrier malgache"] - ''iCalendrier. fr'' == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * [[François Callet]], ''Tantaran' ny Andriana'', 1878 * [[Malzac Victorin]], ''Histoire du royaume hova depuis ses origines jusqu'à la fin'', 1912 == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[sokajy:Kolontsaina malagasy]] [[sokajy:Taom-baovao]] t07d9wjc7g06f5u5q55pm1d50d1kbew 0 221818 1146953 745779 2026-07-06T17:54:04Z Glebushko0703 31300 1146953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Nils Bohlin |teraka=17 Jolay 1920 |maty=21 Septambra 2002 |firenena=Soeda |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpamorona]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Nils Bohlin''' dia mpamorona mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Soeda]] teraka ny 17 Jolay 1920 ary maty ny 21 Septambra 2002 == Jereo koa == * [[Biôgrafia]] ===Rohy ivelany=== * Ao amin'i Freebase: [https://www.freebase.com/m/07658d] [[sokajy:Biôgrafia]] {{vangovango}} [[sokajy:mpamorona]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1920]] [[sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2002]] 9wgcllgv181ze9k7gwkxktxpp6zvqoh 0 278717 1146982 1136335 2026-07-07T02:19:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Hira gasy dancer Madagascar.jpg|vignette|Mandihy hiragasy|455x455px]] Ny '''hiragasy''' na '''hira gasy''' dia fampisehoana atrehin' ny vahoaka, izay mitovitovy amin' ny [[tantara tsangana]] (na teatra) atao an-kira. Ny hiragasy dia fitambaran' ny feon-javamaneno ([[trompetra]], [[trômbônina]], [[lokanga]], sns) sy hira ary dihy mampiavaka ny [[Kolontsaina malagasy|kolontsain]]' ny faritra afovoan-tany eto [[Madagasikara]], indrindra ny [[Merina]]. Atao ankalamanjana na anaty efitrano ny fampisehoana. Matetika dia mitafy [[malabary]] miloko mena marevaka sy mipataloha ny lehilahy mpanao hiragasy, fa ny vehivavy kosa mitafy [[Lamba (malagasy)|lamba]] sy akanjom-behivavy miloko mavokely na maitso. Kolontsaina manana ny toerany ny hiragasy. Sady mampialavoly izy no mampita fahendrena sy hafatra ihany koa<ref name=":1"><small>Frera Rafanomezantsoa Jean Donné, Grand Séminariste Vohitsoa - Fianarantsoa ''(Asa fikarohana Antrôpôlôjika nataony). Niaraha-niasa tamin'i Mômpera Rasolondraibe Marcel (Ambositra). 2017-2018.''</small> </ref>. Maro koa aza ireo efa mamoaka boky mahakasika azy ity<ref><small>Françoise Raison-Jourde, "La constitution du hira gasy", ''Bible et pouvoir à Madagascar,'' p 727.</small> </ref>, toa an' ilay vehivavy mpanoratra frantsay [[Françoise Raison-Jourde]]<ref><small>"[https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Francoise-Raison-Jourde/38638 Françoise Raison-Jourde]", ''www.babelio.com''</small></ref> sy [[Ranaivoson Pierre André]] s.j., [[pretra]] malagasy<ref><small>Ranaivoarson, Pierre André: ''Ny Hiragasy. Fikarohana momby ny Anthropologie sociale.'' Antananarivo: Paoly, 2001.</small></ref>. Hatramin' izao koa moa izy io, ho an’ ireo izay mahavatra mihaino ny onjam-peon' ny [[Radio Madagasikara]], dia alefa ao amin' ny fandaharana mivantana "Hiragasy" isaky ny Alahady, izay aroson' ilay onjam-peo hanomezana fahafahampo ny mpihaino, indrindra fa ny tatsaha sy ny mpankafy azy. == Anarana == [[Sary:Hira gasy musicians 2008.jpg|vignette|Mpanao hiragasy]] Ara-bakiteny, ny teny hoe "''hiragasy''" dia avy amin’ ny fanakambanana teny anakiroa, dia ny hoe "''hira"'' sy ny hoe "''gasy"''. Ny hiragasy izany dia azo adija ara-bakiteny hoe "hiran' ny Gasy" na "hiran' ny Malagasy". Ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] no namorona azy, ny Malagasy no mihira azy ary eto [[Madagasikara]] no anehoana azy matetika. === ''Hiran' ny mpilanona'' na ''hiratsangana'' === Nivoatra nanarakaraka ny vanim-potoana niainany famaritana ny atao hoe hiragasy. Tamin' ny voalohany dia nantsoina hoe "''hiran' ny mpilanona",'' na ''"hiratsangana"'' ny hiragasy. Izany hoe amin’ ireny fotoana fiandrasam-paty sy fotoan’ ny fety aman-danonana ireny no fanaovan’ ny olona azy io, izay karazan-kira ifaninanan' ny vondrona roa na maromaro, mandritra ny fiaretan-tory amin' ny alina. === ''Hiran' ny mpanjaka'' === Maro ny mpanjaka nifandimby fa tamin' ny andro nanjakan' [[Andrianampoinimerina]] tao [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Iarivo]], tamin' ny fiafaran' ny taonjato faha-18, no nanomboka nihanahazo vahana sy nivoatra tsikelikely ary nihamaro ny famoronana hiragasy. Tamin' io fotoana io dia ny mpanjaka mihitsy no anisan’ ny makafy azy io. Izany indrindra no niantsoana ny hiragasy tamin' izay hoe "''hiran' ny mpanjaka".'' Izany hoe ao antokotanin' ny mpanjaka no anaovana ny fampisehoana hiragasy, natao hampialana voly ny mpanjaka. === ''Hiran' ny Merina'' === Nandritra ny taonjato iray dia ny [[Merina]] ihany no niangaly ny famoronana sy ny fihirana ny hiragasy. Tena niroborobo ny fifaninanan' ny tandapa sy ny vahoaka ao anatin' ny foko Merina tamin' ny fampiadiana hiragasy, indrindra fa tamin' ny fotoana nanjakan-d[[Radama Voalohany|Radama Rainy]] sy [[Ranavalona I|Ranavalona Reniny]], tamin' ny fiatombohan' ny taonjato faha-19. Tamin' izany indrindra no namoronan' ireo mpanjaka ireo ny fifaninanana hiragasy tao an-dapa ka nanomezany loka manokana izay mahazo ny voalohany na izay farany mahay. "''Hiran' ny Merina"'' no anarana niantsoana ny hiragasy. == Hiragasy sy zavakanto hafa == === Hiragasy sy kabary === Raha atao indray mitopy maso koa dia iray karazana ihany ny hiragasy sy ny [[kabary]] malagasy. Tamin' ny fikarohana natao aza dia hita fa nalaina avy tamin' ny firindran' ny kabary ihany no namolavolana ny hiragasy iray reny ihany koa''.'' Toy ny kabary, dia ahitana ireto rafitra ireto koa ny hiragasy: tari-dresaka na ny faladian-dresaka, izay ahitana ny ala sarona sy ny azafady, fialan-tsiny sy fisaorana an' [[Zanahary (finoan-drazana malagasy)|Andriamanitra]]; ny votoatin-dresaka, izay ahitana ny fiarahabana sy votoatin-dresaka; ary ny firarian-tsoa. Raha tsorina izany dia kabary atao an-kira ny hiragasy''.'' Fa kosa, noho ny hiragasy tsy dia hita loatra afa-tsy eny amin' ny tontolo ambanivohitra eny angamba, noho ny maha tantsaha ny mpiangaly hiragasy koa angamba, dia antsoin' ny olona sasany hoe "hiran' ny tambanivohitra" ny hiragasy''.'' Taty aoriana dia izay vao nantsoina amin' ny teny hoe "''hiragasy"'' ny hiragasy, noho izy io kaloin' ny Malagasy sy noforoniny''.'' === Hiragasy sy hira kristianina === Niforona avy amina fifanojoana na fifangaroana kolontsaina roa samy hafa ny hiragasy, avy amin' ny fitambaran' ny kolontsaina vahiny sy ny kolontsaina netin-drazana, ny kônseritra masina sy ny tononkira avy ao amin' ny [[Baiboly]] sy ny [[kabary]] malagasy sy ny kifandihy ary ny hiran' ny Ntaolo'','' antsoina hoe ''[[Zafindraony (hira)|Zafindraony]].'' Avy amin' izany indrindra koa no ahafahana miantso azy io hoe ''hiran' ny Ntaolo efa kristianina'', izany hoe ireo efa nandray ny fivavahana kristianina no nikalo ny hiragasy% == Tantara == Ny hiragasy dia anisan' ny niara-niforona tamin' ny [[zavakanto]] maro samihafa eto [[Madagasikara]], niara-niforona tamin' ny karazan-kiram-pivavahana maro toy ny hira kristianina. Niroborobo ny famoronana ireo zavakanto ireo hatramin' ny niorenan' ny misiônera mpitondra ny fivavahana kristianina teto amin' ny Nosy. Tsara ho tsiahivina koa anefa fa efa niaina ny zavakanto an-kira maro samihafa ny Ntaolo razan' ny Malagasy talohan' io vanim-potoana io. Koa samy naneho ny azy avokoa ny faritra sy ny [[Foko eto Madagasikara|foko]] rehetra eto amin' ny Nosy. Tamin' ny faritra [[Betsileo]] avatra sy ny foko [[Merina]] dia nahitana karazan-kira mitovitovy noho izy ireo nifampitakosina bebe kokoa miohatra amin' ny foko maro hafa. Misy hira iray izay nifarimbonan' olona maromaro koa tamin' izany, izay natsoin' ny Ntaolo malagasy hoe "vakodrazana", izay sady fialam-boly no entina hanabeazana ary natao hanentanana ny olona hifankatia sy hiray hina ary hahay mifanampy ihany koa. Ny vakodrazana moa dia fifangaroana hira maromaro mifampitohitohy. Hira arahina fihetsika miaraka sy mitovy izy io. Mbola hita amin' ny hiragasy amin' izao izy io fa lasa mihamivoatra ka lasa tsaratsara sy mahafinarinaritra kokoa ny fijerena azy. Ireo karazan-javakanto ireo no nameno no androm-piainan’ ny Ntaolo malagasy fahiny, ravahan' ny [[ohabolana]] sy [[kabary]] mifono hevi-dalina sy fahendrena marobe. === Faha mpanjaka === Nipoitra tamin' ny faramparan' ny taonjato faha-18<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://www.goethe.de/de/index.html Le Hira gasy : théâtre musical de Madagascar]" [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goethe.de%2F#& Arsiva]], ''www.goethe.de''</small></ref>, ny hiragasy izay fitaovana nampiasain' ny mpanjaka [[Andrianampoinimerina]] mba hisintonana ny vahoakany hihaino [[kabary]]. Nisy tarika "mpihira gasy" izay mpiangaly zavamaneno niara-dia tamin' ilay mpanjaka nandritra ny fisehoany masom-bahoaka. Lasa nahaleo tena ireo tarika ireo, ary nanomboka nampiditra fanehoan-kevitra ara-pôlitika sy fanakianana tamin' ny fampisehoana nataony. Mandray anjara mavitrika amin' ny hetsika hiragasy ny mpijery, izay maneho ny fahafaham-pony amin' ny talentan' ny tarika sy ny hafatra ambarany amin’ny alalan' ny tehaka, na horakoraka tsy fankasitrahana<ref name=":2"><small>Mauro, Didier (2001). ''Madagascar, l'opéra du peuple: anthropologie d'un fait social total: l'art Hira Gasy entre tradition et rébellion''. Paris: KARTHALA Editions.</small></ref> Tamin’ io ihany koa anefa, nony tonga ny misiônera nitondra ny [[Kristianisma|fivavahany]] teto Madagasikara, dia nisy fandrarana ny fanatontosana ny fomban-drazana. Norarana ny fomba amam-panao malagasy sasany satria noheverin' ny misiônera fa [[fanompoan-tsampy]]. Anisan' izany ny fanaovana hiragasy sy ny fomba fandevenana ary ny [[Famadihana|famadihan-drazana]] sy ny karaza-panaovan-tsorona maro samihafa koa. Nipaka hatrany [[Faritra Vakinankaratra|Vakinakaratra]] sy hatraty [[Betsileo]] izany fomba amam-panao maro izany. Noho izany taty aoriana dia tsy nijanona ho hiran' ny foko Merina ihany ny hiragasy, hiran' ny ampovoan-tany, izay mbola mitohy hatrany ny fampisehana azy io amin' ireo faritra ireo hatramin' izao^{[toa mifanohitra ny voalazan' ity fehin-tsoratra ity sy ny eo ambany]}. === Faha fanjanahantany === Nampiasaina tamin' ny fitondran' ny [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|mpanjanaka frantsay]] ny hiragasy mba hampitana didim-panjakana sy fampahalalam-baovao hafa ho an' ny mponina ambanivohitra any amin' ny faritra afovoan-tany, koa noho izany dia afaka amin' ny asa an-terivozona tsy toy ny Malagasy hafa ny mpikambana amin' ny tarika manao hiragasy<ref name=":1" />. === Amin' izao andron' ny fahaleovantena izao === [[Sary:HiragasyAmpefy.JPG|vignette|220x220px|Fampisehoana hiragasy eo akaikin' [[Ampefy]], Madagasikara]] Taorian' ny fahazoan' i Madagasikara ny fahaleovantenany tamin' ny taona 1960 dia noheverina ho mariky ny kolontsaina nentim-paharazana malagasy ny tarika mpanao hiragasy, ary nanomboka fantatra bebe kokoa tany amin' ny faritra amorontsiraka, na dia nifantoka betsaka tao amin' ny faritra afovoany aza ny fampisehoana. Manakarama tarika mpabnao hiragasy ny mpanao pôlitika mba hisarihana vahoaka amin' ny kabary pôlitika ataony mandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra. Na dia mijanona ho tsy manao pôlitika aza ny ankamaroan' ny tarika, ny sasany dia nisafidy ny hanampy kandidà manokana ka nahazoana vokatra mahatalanjona izany, toy ny tamin' ny fotoana namoronan' ilay mpikambana ao amin' ny tarika mpanao hiragasy teo aloha [[Rossy]] ny hira mitondra ny lohateny hoe "Lera" tamin' ny taona 1995. Nanakiana ny fitondran' i [[Zafy Albert]] io hira io ary noraisin' ny tarika mpanao hiragasy izay nihira izany nanerana ny Nosy; nitana anjara toerana lehibe teo amin' ny fanetsiketsehana ny fanohanana ny fanonganana an' i Zafy ny lazan' ity hira ity<ref name=":2" />. Ny tarika malaza indrindra dia Ramilison Fenoarivo, izay tarika nisy an' i Rossy teo aloha sady mpanohana mafy ny filoha teo aloha [[Ratsiraka Didier|Didier Ratsiraka]]. == Tanjona sy anjara toeran' ny hiragasy == === Tanjona === Ny hiragasy dia natao hitahirizana ny kolontsaina malagasy izay haren-tsarobidy: fahendrena, fihavanana, firaisan-kina, fomba amam-panao isankarazany, ny vakoka netin-drazana. Ny hiragasy koa dia natao hanehoana ny finoana an' [[Andriamanitra (tokana)|Andriamanitra]]: fahatahorana an' Andriamanitra, fanajana ny hasin' ny aina. Izany dia aseho amin’ ny alalan' ny fanajana ny maha olona (ny fahamaotinana, ny fifanajana, ny fahalalam-pomba). Ny votoatin' ny haragasy dia ny finoana an' Andriamanitra, ny fitandrovana ny aina, ny toetra mandala fihavanana. === Anjara toerany === Amin' ny alalan' ny [[kabary]], ny mpanao mozika dia mampianatra ny vahoaka ny fahaiza-mandaha-teny; ny [[hainteny]], izay lahateny fohy atao amin' ny fomba nentim-paharazana; ny [[ohabolana]], izay mampiseho ny fahendrena malagasy; ny hafatry ny mpanjaka sy ny heviny dia voampita haingana tamin' ny mpihaino maro be<ref name=":0" />. Amin' ny ankapobeny, ny fampisehoana tsirairay dia ahitana fampianarana na lesona fitondran-tena ho an' ny sokajy tsirairay amin' ny mpijery manatrika: ny lehilahy, ny vehivavy, ny ankizy ary ny be taona, sady misy hatsikana. Lohahevitra miverimberina koa ny fitiavana: ohatra ny fitantarana olona ifandroritan' ny fitiavana sy ny adidy mifanohitra amin' izany. Tafiditra ao anatin' ny lisitry ny [[UNESCO]] momba ny vakoka ara-kolotsaina tsy azo tsapain-tanana ho an' ny olombelona ny hiragasy tamin' ny Desambra 2023<ref><small>"[https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/le-hiragasy-art-du-spectacle-des-hautes-terres-centrales-de-madagascar-01740 Le Hiragasy, art du spectacle des Hautes terres Centrales de Madagascar]" [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Ffr%2FRL%2Fle-hiragasy-art-du-spectacle-des-hautes-terres-centrales-de-madagascar-01740#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url Arsiva]], UNESCO</small></ref>. == Firafitry ny fampisehoana hiragasy ankehitriny == Ny mozikan' ny hitragasy dia ahitana bemiray izay avy amin' ny fomba fihira ahitana fizaràm-peo maro ataon' ny [[Aostrôneziana (vahoaka)|vahoaka aostrôneziana]] any [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana]] sy any [[Ôseania]], sy ny <u>ba gasy</u>, izay mozika ahitana gadona 12/8 mampiavaka an' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]] ary hita any amin' ny mozika malagasy hafa rehetra misy an' io ba 12/8 io. Amin' ny ankapobeny ny ôrkestra itambaran' ny [[amponga]] sy [[lokanga]] ary [[zavamaneno tsofina]] toy ny [[trompetra]] sy [[trômbônina]] na ny [[klarinety]] sy ny [[sodina]]. Ny tononkira dia nalaina avy amin' ny [[kabary]] sy ny [[hainteny]] ary ny [[tononkalo]] miataka ary mampiasa [[ohabolana]]. Ny dihin' ny vehivavy dia ahitana ny atao hoe "latsi-tanana" (fanetsehana ny tanana) izay mampahatsiahy ny dihy any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana ary ny dihin' ny lehilahy, atao hoe "diamanga", dia mampahatsiahy ny haiady nentim-paharazana any Azia Atsimo Atsinanana ihany koa. Ankehitriny, ny fampisehoana hiragasy dia azo raisina ho fialamboly izay ifaninanan' ny mpanao hiragasy morona filirony eo no ho eo amin' ny feon-kira nifanarahana. Toy izao ny fizotry ny hiragasy: feon' amponga – kabary fanokafana – feon-javamaneno arahin-teheka – kabary mialoha ny faladian-kira – faladian-kira – kabary fanolorana renin-kira – renihira tapany voalohany – kabary ao anelanelan' ny renihira (kilalaon-tsaina) – renihira tapany faharoa – kabary fanolorana ny mpanao dihy tsinjaka – dihy tsinjaka – kabary fanolorana ny vakodrazana – vakodrazana mamarana ny sehatra iray. === Mpilalao sy fitaovana ampiasaina === [[Sary:Hiragasy in Ambositra 02.JPG|vignette|Fampisehoana hiragasy tao [[Ambositra]]]] Ny fampisehoana hiragasy dia manaraka rafitra ifanarahana, ka izany no nampisy fitoviana teo amin' ny tarika miisa mihoatra ny 80 izay misehatra eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' izao fotoana izao. Anisan' izany ny filaharan' ny [[hira]] sy ny [[dihy]] ary ny [[kabary]], ny fomba fanomezana anarana ny tarika (araka ny anaran' ny fianakavian' ny mpanorina sy ny tanàna niaviany), ny fitafiana (matetika manao satroka penjy, akanjo mena, pataloha nalaina tahaka amin' ny fitafian' ny miaramila frantsay tamin' ny taonjato faha-19, ary fehikibo lamba ny lehilahy, ny vehivavy dia manao akanjo mitovy amin' ny an' ny vehivavy tao an-dapa nandritra ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka), ary ny zavamaneno ampiasaina. Tsy fahita amin' ny fampisehoana hiragasy ny zavamaneno nentim-paharazana, noho ny niandohan' ny fampisehoana niaraka amin' ny lapan' ny mpanjaka, izay nanjakan' ny fakana tahaka ny fanao eorôpeana. Ny zavamaneno fampiasa indrindra kosa dia ny [[lokanga]], ny [[trompetra]], ny amponga ary ny ampongabe; ny [[sodina]], ny [[angorodao]], ny [[Kabosy|kabôsy]] na ny [[klarinety]] dia mety hampiasaina indraindray. === Dingana arahina === Ny hiragasy dia manaraka rafitra manokana eo ambany fitarihan' ny mpitarika izay matetika ny zokiny indrindra ary tompon' andraikitra amin' ny fanolorana ny kabary. ==== Sasintehaka ==== Mandritra ny folo minitra eo ho eo, dia maka toerana eo afovoan' ny mpijery ny lehilahy ao amin' ny tarika rehefa velezina toy ny gadona miaramila ny amponga. Matetika ny vehivavy dia eny anilany, mamarana ny fiakanjoany sy ny fandokoany ny tarehiny. ==== Kabary ==== Ny iray amin' ny mpanakanto, izay matetika ny filohan' ny tarika na mpikambana tranainy indrindra ao amin' ny tarika, dia manaisotra ny satroka eny aminy ary manambara amin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fanombohan' ny fampisehoana. Asainy ny vehivavy ao amin' ny tarika mba hiakatra an-tsehatra, ka avy eo, aorian' ny fampanenoana mandritra ny fotoana fohy ny zavamaneno dia mandany dimy minitra eo ho eo ny mpikabary mba hampidirana ny lohahevitra ("indray miditra") amin' ny alalan' ny [[kabary]] - karazana mozika nentim-paharazana narafitra sy lahateny kanto ahitana [[ohabolana]]. ==== Renihira ==== [[Sary:Raholiarisoamadagascar.tif|vignette|248x248px|Ny mpanakanto malaza Raholiarisoa nanao hiragasy teo amin' ny kianjaben' i Mahamasina, [[Antananarivo]]]] Manao faribolana mitodika any ivelany ny mpihira ao amin' ny tarika ary manao hira mifanaraka amin' ny lohahevitra nofantenana ary ny mpitendry sy mpitsoka mozika ary ny mpively amponga dia mipetraka eo anilany, ka manaraka azy ireo amin' ny mozika. Halinina sy velabelarina ho lava io lohaevitra io, matetika mandritra ny adiny iray mahery, ary ny mpihira dia manamarika ny hafatr’ izy ireo amin' ny fihetsiky ny tanany sy ny endriny. ==== Dihy ==== Mipetraka amin' ny tany ny mpihira ary ny mpitendry dia milalao ao ivohon' ny mpandihy iray na roa na maromaro izay hanao fampisehoana mandritra ny 15 minitra eo ho eo. Misy ny kabarindihy atolotra manazava ny dihy hatao ary manambara ny lohatenin' ny hira hampiarahina amin' izany. Misy karazany roa ny dihy azo atao. Amin' ny ankapobeny ny "tena dihy" dia ataon' ny mpandihy roa ary matetika ny fomba fandihy dia akrobatika na maka tahaka ny haiady. Ny "tsikandihy" na "dihy irery" dia matetika ataon' ny lehilahy mpandihy iray, indraindray miaraka amin' ny vehivavy mpandihy iray. Ny ampaham-potoana natokana ho an' ny dihy dia faranana amin' ny kabary fohy mahakasika ny lohahevitry ny fampisehoana sady mampiditra ny tapany farany. ==== Zanakira na vakodrazana ==== [[Sary:Hira gasy, Malagasy traditional singers.jpg|vignette|256x256px|Fampisehoana hiragasy]] Ny zanakira na vakodrazana dia seho maharitra 20 minitra eo ho eo izay mamarana ny fampisehoana. Raha misy tarika roa na maromaro mifaninana dia samy mandray anjara ny tarika tsirairay alohan' ny hirosoana amin' ny dingana manaraka. Azon' ny tarika atao ny mamita fiodinana iray manontolo (atao hoe "vakisehatra" ity fihodinana voalohany ity) alohan' ny hamerina ny dingana manontolo amin' ny fihodinana faharoa miaraka amin' ny andiana lohahevitra vaovao (atao hoe "adi-kiha" ny fihodinana faharoa) alohan' ny hamaranana izany rehetra izany amin' ny alalan' ny "vakodrazana". Amin' ireo fampisehoana fifaninanana ireo, dia mety hanana lohahevitra telo na mihoatra hohalalinina ny tarika ary mety haharitra manomboka amin' ny maraina ka hatramin' ny maizina ny fifaninanana. == Jereo koa == '''Hira sy mozika ary dihy malagasy''' * [[Antsa]] * [[Banaiky]] * [[Basesa]] * [[Batrelaka]] * [[Beko]] * [[Jihé]] * [[Kilalaky]] * [[Kolondoy]] * [[Mangaliba]] * [[Salegy]] * [[Vakodrazana]] * [[Zafindraony]] * [[Mozika malagasy]] * [[Lisitry ny zavamaneno malagasy]] * [[Lisitry ny karazan-kira sy gadona ary dihy malagasy]] '''Literatiora am-bava malagasy''' * [[Angano]] * [[Ankamantatra]] * [[Hainteny]] * [[Kabary]] * [[Ohabolana]] * [[Sokela]] * [[Vakisaova]] * [[Lisitry ny karazana literatiora malagasy nentim-paharazana]] == Fanovozan-kevitra == === Rohy ivelany === * Michel et Edmine, "[https://www.vern-tiers-monde.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Madagascar_article50.pdf Le Hira gasy]" (PDF), ''www.vern-tiers-monde.org'' * "[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-03/14678.pdf Le Hira gasy]" (PDF), ''horizon.documentation.ird.fr'' * Jacob Imbe, "[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/hiratra1_6_.pdf Ny lahateny nentin-drazana malagasy, famariparitana sy famakafakana] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/hiratra1_6_.pdf |date=20220329200246 }}" (PDF), ''madarevues.recherches.gov.mg'' * Etienne Stefano, Andriniaina Yvon Rakotoarison, Philippe Rakotoson, "[https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-02186041/document Chant folklorique malagasy]" (PDF), ''hal.univ-reunion.fr'' * Rakotomamonjy Jean de Bred, "[https://anthropomada.com/bibliotheque/Zafindraony2.pdf Le Zafindraony, expression de la mutation culturelle et religieuse]", deuxième partie (PDF), ''anthropomada.com'' * "[https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/le-hiragasy-art-du-spectacle-des-hautes-terres-centrales-de-madagascar-01740 Le Hiragasy, art du spectacle des Hautes terres Centrales de Madagascar]", ''ich.unesco.org'' * "[https://www.maisondesculturesdumonde.org/nos-actions/production-et-ingenierie/hira-gasy Le hira gasy, l'opéra des champs]", ''www.maisondesculturesdumonde.org'' * "[https://madagascar-green-island-discovery.com/hiragasy/ Le « hiragasy »] {{Wayback|url=https://madagascar-green-island-discovery.com/hiragasy/ |date=20240919093213 }}", ''madagascar-green-island-discovery.com'' * "[https://www.quaibranly.fr/fr/expositions-evenements/au-musee/spectacles-fetes-et-evenements/spectacles/details-de-levenement/e/hira-gasy-38050 « Hira Gasy », L'opéra des champs - Madagasca"], ''www.quaibranly.fr'' * "[https://www.lequotidien.re/actualites/ocean-indien/madagascar-lhiragasy-inscrit-au-patrimoine-immateriel-de-lhumanite/ Madagascar : Le hiragasy, inscrit au patrimoine immatériel de l’humanité] {{Wayback|url=https://www.lequotidien.re/actualites/ocean-indien/madagascar-lhiragasy-inscrit-au-patrimoine-immateriel-de-lhumanite/ |date=20240919093213 }}", ''www.lequotidien.re'' * "[https://www.presidence.gov.mg/actualites/1960-inauguration-kianjan-ny-hiragasy.html Inauguration " Kianjan'ny Hiragasy "]", ''www.presidence.gov.mg'' * "[https://www.madagascarautrement.com/articles/le-hira-gasy-l-opera-du-peuple/ Le Hira Gasy, l'opéra du peuple]", ''www.madagascarautrement.com'' * "[https://moov.mg/article/80964-unesco-le-hira-gasy-inscrit-au-patrimoine-mondial UNESCO - Le Hira Gasy inscrit au patrimoine mondial]", ''moov.mg'' * "[https://www.depeche-taratra.mg/kinajanny-hiragasy-volana-vitsy-monja-no-hananganana-azy/ Kianjan’ny Hiragasy : volana vitsy monja no hananganana azy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.depeche-taratra.mg/kinajanny-hiragasy-volana-vitsy-monja-no-hananganana-azy/ |date=20220906123548 }}", ''www.depeche-taratra.mg'' * "[https://moov.mg/article/80439-hiragasy-ho-lasa-harem-bakoka-ara-tsainny-zanakolombelona-eo-anivonny-unesco Hiragasy : Ho lasa harem-bakoka ara-tsain’ny zanak’olombelona eo anivon’ny UNESCO]", ''moov.mg'' * "[https://www.mcc-gov.mg/2022/03/28/ny-vaky-sehatra-hira-gasy-2022/ Ny vaky sehatra hira gasy 2022] {{Wayback|url=https://www.mcc-gov.mg/2022/03/28/ny-vaky-sehatra-hira-gasy-2022/ |date=20240522115212 }}", ''www.mcc-gov.mg'' * "[https://www.agencemalagasydepresse.com/vaovao-samihafa/mpanao-hira-gasy-mizaka-fatiantoka-goavana-anaty-fahasahiranana-lalina/ Mpanao hira gasy - Mizaka fatiantoka goavana, anaty fahasahiranana lalina] {{Wayback|url=https://www.agencemalagasydepresse.com/vaovao-samihafa/mpanao-hira-gasy-mizaka-fatiantoka-goavana-anaty-fahasahiranana-lalina/ |date=20250529042952 }}", ''www.agencemalagasydepresse.com'' * "[https://www.mcc-gov.mg/2024/03/19/hiragasy/ Hiragasy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.mcc-gov.mg/2024/03/19/hiragasy/ |date=20240723043112 }}", ''www.mcc-gov.mg'' === Boky === * Géraldine Vatan, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Hira_Gasy/ScDxwAEACAAJ?hl=fr Hira Gasy - l'opéra du peuple : Journal de Madagascar 1997]'', Editions L'Harmattan, 2004. * Ingela Edkvist, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/The_Performance_of_Tradition/mhxlAAAAMAAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=0&bsq=Hiragasy The Performance of Tradition - An Ethnography of Hira Gasy Popular Theatre in Madagascar]'', 1997, Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, Uppsala University. * Pierre André Ranaivoarson, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Les_mpihiragasy_Recueil_des_Hiragasy/fjL_zAEACAAJ?hl=fr Les mpihiragasy: Recueil des Hiragasy]'', 2002, Presses universitaires du Septentrion. * Pierre André Ranaivoarson, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Ny_hiragasy/SwJLGwAACAAJ?hl=fr Ny hiragasy - boky voalohany]'', 2001, Edisiôna Md Paoly. * Pierre André Ranaivoarson, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Les_Mpihiragasy/2iM_cgAACAAJ?hl=fr Les Mpihiragasy - chanteurs populaires de Madagascar]'', Corpus 1: Recueil des Hiragasy, corpus 2: Récits et témoignages · Volume 3, 2002, Atelier National de Reproduction des Thèses. * Victor Randrianary, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Madagascar/c-ETAQAAIAAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=0&bsq=Hiragasy Madagascar - Les chants d'une île]'', 2001, Cité de la musique. * Jennifer Jackson, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Political_Oratory_and_Cartooning/V2x9tC8w0GUC?hl=fr&gbpv=0 Political Oratory and Cartooning - An Ethnography of Democratic Process in Madagascar]'', 2013, Wiley. * Françoise Raison-Jourde, ''[https://www.google.mg/books/edition/Bible_et_pouvoir_%C3%A0_Madagascar_au_XIXe_s/tQdjO_Et0d0C?hl=fr&gbpv=0 Bible et pouvoir à Madagascar au XIXe siècle, invention d'une identité chrétienne et construction de l'Etat], 1780-1880'', 1991, Karthala. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == bjowh60mi93q6vhvbqwixxcc0p6h1r2 0 278966 1146986 1135870 2026-07-07T04:58:05Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146986 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''lolovokatra''' na '''lolo vokatra''' dia olona nifoha ka velona indray aorian' ny [[Fahafatesana|fahafatesany]], indrindra aorian' ny nandevenana azy<ref><small>[[Rajemisa-Raolison Régis]], "Lolovokatra", ''Rakibolana malagasy'',  Ambozontany. 1985.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.septcollines.com/decouvrez-lolo-vokatra-zombies-magagascar/ Découvrez les “lolo vokatra”, les zombies de Magagascar]", ''www.septcollines.com''</small></ref>, araka ny [[lovantsofina]] sy ny honohono eo amin' ny [[fiarahamonina malagasy]]. Tsy mitovy amin' ny [[Matoatoa|angatra]] na [[matoatoa]] izy ireo ary manana toerana manokana koa eo amin' ny fiheverana malagasy momba ny fahafatesana sy ny tsy fanajana ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] ary ny lamina eo amin' ny fiarahamonina<ref name=":0"><small>Dominique Somda, "[https://journals.openedition.org/oceanindien/1666? Étrangers, esclaves, morts-vivants : des rumeurs et des secrets au Sud de Madagascar]", ''journals.openedition.org'', 2014</small></ref>. Mitondra ny famantaran' ny fandevenana izy: hatsatra, maimbo fofon-tany, mitafy akanjom-paty ary maneho fihetsika hafahafa, miafinafina, ​​manao izay tsy hahafantarana azy, ary misy zavatra mampifandray azy foana amin' ny fahafatesana. Amin' ny ankapobeny, araka ny lovantsofina sy ny honohono, dia roahin' ny havany handeha lavitra ny lolovokatra<ref name=":0" />. == Famaritana == Ny teny hoe "lolovokatra" dia manondro olona efa maty nefa mipoitra avy any anaty tany sy manana vatana azo tsapain-tanana sady mahay maneho fihetsika amin' ny velona<ref name=":0" />. Faheno indrindra amin' ny fitantarana sy ny angona [[lovantsofina]] ankehitriny ny teny hoe "[[tanalasosa]]", izay indraindray ampiasaina amin' ny hevitra mitovy amin' ny hoe "lolovokatra"<ref name=":2"><small>Randriamialy, "[https://randriamialy.mondoblog.org/2014/07/05/legendes-de-madagascar-les-monstres Légendes de Madagascar : les monstres] {{Wayback|url=https://randriamialy.mondoblog.org/2014/07/05/legendes-de-madagascar-les-monstres |date=20240401131025 }}", ''randriamialy.mondoblog.org'', 2014</small></ref>. Manantitrantitra ny loharanom-baovao etnôlôjika fa tsy [[fanahy]] mirenireny ny lolovokatra fa vatana sy fanahy, tsy toy ny [[angatra]] na ny [[matoatoa]] izay fanahy ao amin' ny tontolo tsy azo tsapain-tanana<ref name=":0" />. Miovaova arakaraka ny fitantarana ny fanoritsoritana ny lolovokatra: misy ny milaza fa faty efa lo no mitsangana, ny sasany kosa milaza fa mitovitovy endrika amin' ny olona ihany izy ireo nefa misy famantarana mampanahy ny eny aminy. Izany rehetra izany dia maneho ny fahasamihafan' ny lovantsofina arakaraka ny toerana<ref name=":0" />. == Antony mahatonga ny maty ho lasa lolovokatra == Aaraka ny finoana eo amin' ny [[fiarahamonina malagasy]] maro dia tsy tapaka avy hatrany noho ny fahafatesana ny fifandraisan' ny maty amin' ny velona fa mifindra tsikelikely mankany amin' ny satan' ny [[razana]], ka izany tetezamita izany dia miankina amin' ny fanajana ny fombafombam-pandevenana sy ny [[fady]]<ref name=":1"><small>Raymond Decary, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhr_0035-1423_1964_num_166_1_8625 La mort et les coutumes funéraires à Madagascar]", ''www.persee.fr'', 1964</small></ref>. Maneho zavatra tsy ara-dalàna manerana ny tany aman-danitra eo anelanelan' ny fiainana sy ny fahafatesana ny lolovokatra, ary maneho ny fikorontanan' ny lamina ara-môraly sy ara-pombafomba<ref name=":0" />. === Tsy fanajan' ny maty ny fady fony fahavelony === Ny antony tena voaresaka matetika mahatonga ny maty hifoha dia ny tsy fanajana ny [[fady]] lehibe ara-piarahamonina sy ara-pivavahana mandritra ny androm-piainana, izay manakana ny fahafatesana tsy ho feno tanteraka ara-pombafomba. Anisan' ireo fady ireo ny fifoterana amim-pady<ref name=":0" />. Inoana noho izany fa azo antoka ny hahalasa lolovokatra ny fianakaviana na ny fokom-pianakaviana mankasitraka ny fifanambadian' ny olona mpifady<ref name=":0" />. === Tsy fahafalian' ny maty === Araka ny lovantsofina sasany, rehefa tsy hajain' ny fianakaviana na ny fiarahamonina ny fady lehibe iray dia mety haneho ny tsy fahafaliany ny fanahin' ny maty izay tsy mionona amin' ny fisehoana ho [[Angatra (lolo)|angatra]], ka mitsangana ho lolovokatra mba ho fampitandremana na famaizana mafy. === Fahafatesana tsy ara-drariny sy tampoka === Mety tsy hahita fiadanana ny maty raha toe-javatra heverina ho tsy rariny (famonoana, ody, famadihana) no nahafaty azy. Noho izany ny lolovokatra dia fanehoana fitakiana ny rariny sy fanarenana. Tsy ampy azy ny miseho ho [[Angatra (lolo)|angatra]]. === Fombam-pandevenana tsy mety === Heverina ihany koa ho antony lehibe hisakana ny fidiran' ny maty ao amin' ny tontolon' ny razana ka hiteraka ny fitsanganan' ny maty ny tsy fisiana na ny tsy fahampiana na ny tsy fahombiazan' ny fombafomba tokony hatao amin' ny fandevenana, ka hampiverina ny maty ho any amin' ny tontolon' ny velona indray tsy araka ny tokony ho izy, araka ny fitantarana voangon' ny etnôlôga<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />, anisan' izany ny tsy fisian' ny lanonana, hadisoana teo am-panatanterahana ny fombafomba, ny tsy fitandremana. Amin' ny fomban-drazana maro dia heverina fa tokony ho mendrika koa ny toerana misy ny fasana. Koa raha eo amin' ny toerana heverina ho maloto na nifanolanana no misy ny toeram-pandevenana, dia mety handà tsy hijanona ao ny maty. === Ozon' ny razana sy lova === Amin' ny lovantsofina malagasy sasany, ny lolovokatra dia heverina ho vokatry ny ozon' ny razana<ref name=":3"><small>François Benolo, ''[https://theses.fr/1992PA040186 Le Lolo, ou le problème de la reviviscence des morts dans l'Androy (l'extrême-sud de Madagascar)": essai anthropologique pour une contribution de la Résurrection]'', thèse de doctorat, Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), 1992.</small></ref><ref name=":0" />. Rehefa tsy nohajaina ny razana iray fony fahavelony — ohatra, tamin' ny alalan' ny fanevatevana, ny tsy fankatoavana, na ny fandaozana rehefa antitra — dia nanozona ny taranany izy. Ity ozona ity dia manakorontana ny fifandraisan' ny velona sy ny maty, ary mety ho lasa lolovokatra ny olona sasany na izy rehetra ao amin'  ilay [[fianakaviana]] na [[fokom-pianakaviana]]<ref name=":3" />. Matetika da lazaina fa amin' ny alalan' ny reny no andovana ny mety haha lolovokatra, nefa misy koa ny milaza fa mifindra avy amin-dray izany. == Faritra ara-jeôgrafia voakasika == Ny fanadihadiana ataon' ny antrôpôlôga dia ahitana fitaterana fitantarana lolovokatra any amin' ny faritra atsimo sy atsimo-atsinanana amin' i [[Madagasikara]], indrindra any [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]]<ref name=":0" /> sy [[Androy]]<ref name=":3" />, fitantarana misy miovaova arakaraka ny toerana amin' ny faritra manodidina<ref name=":0" />. Ahenoana fitantarana lolovokatra ihany koa ny faritra afovoany ([[Antananarivo]] sy ny manodidina) sy ny faritra atsinanana ([[Toamasina]] sy ny manodidina) ary ny faritra avaratra-andrefana ([[Mahajanga]] sy ny manodidina). Hamafisin' ny mpikaroka fa tsy mitovy ny finoana momba ny lolovokatra eto Madagasikara izay tsy ranoray no tsy iraisan' ny Malagasy rehetra koa: misy foko na vondrom-piarahamonina manasongadina bebe kokoa ny fisian' ny maty mifoha miaraka amin' ny vatany, ny hafa kosa manantitra ny fisian' ny fanahy mirenireny<ref name=":1" />. == Fomba famantarana azy == === Bika aman' endriny === Tsy toy ny fanahy tsotra ny lolovokatra fa manana endrika ara-batana azo tsapain-tanana. Mitazona ny bika aman' endriny ankapobeny talohan' ny nahafatesany izy, ka mahatonga azy ho toy ny olombelona tsotra raha tazanin-davitra. Na izany aza dia maro ny toetra amantarana azy fa efa avy nalevina. Matetika izy no mitafy ny fitafiana nampanaovina azy tamin' ny fandevenana, indrindra fa ny [[lambamena]] na ny lambam-paty hafa. Mety hsy loto na vovoka na rovitra izany fitafiana izany, izay heverina fa vokatry ny nitoerany tao am-pasana. Hatsatra na toa misy savoka na mangana ny hodiny, vokatry ny tsy fisian' ny hafanan' ny rany. Mety manana ny lokon' ny tany koa ny hodiny ary indraindray henjana, mampahatsiahy ny fihenjan' ny faty. Misy ny fofona mampiavaka azy: fofon-tany na na somary fofom-biby lo. Misy tany na vovoka ny eo ambanin' ny hohony na eo amin' ny fitafiany, izay famantarana ny nitoerany tao am-pasana. Misy koa ny milaza fa misy fery vokatry ny fahalovana tao am-pasana izy. Misy koa ny mifanohitra amin' izany izay lazaina fa tsy misy ahafantarana azy fa lolovokatra noho ny fitoviany tsy misy valaka amin' ny olombelona mbola tsy nandalo fahafatesana na ny hatsaran-tarehiny. Mety hahazo vady any amin' ny tanàna nonenany vaovao izy ireny. === Fihetsika sy fomba fiaina === Miavaka sy mandeha hoazy fihetsiky ny lolovokatra sady manana ireto toetra manaraka reto izy araka ny finoan' ny olona. Misy ny milaza fa somary mitsingevana tsy manitsaka tany izy raha mandeha nefa misy koa ny mitantara fa mandia tany ihany izy. Vitsy na mahalan-teny izy ary mety tsy miteny mihitsy. Raha sendra miteny izy dia mila tsy ho heno ny feony izay toa feo avy lavitra, na misohika indraindray. Tsy mijery manatrika izy, sahala amin' ny hoe matahotra sao hampiseho ny fahafatesana ny masony. Ao amin' ny fitantara sasany, ny lolovokatra ankapobeny dia milamina sy tsy mampidi-doza, tsy toy ny zômby ao amin' ny lovantsofina tandrefana sasany. Ny fisian' izy ireo anefa dia miteraka tahotra. Matetika amin' ny alina no ahitana azy, mandehandeha eny amin' ny fasana na miezaka mitady ny trano fonenany taloha. Indraindray izy dia manandrana miverina amin' ny toerany taloha tao amin' ny fianakaviany na tao amin' ny tanànany, nefa ny fihetsiny hafahafa dia miteraka ahiahy eo amin' izay mahita azy. Matetika ny lolovokatra dia manakaiky ny tanàna, indrindra raha misy fahafatesana. Mandritra ny fiandrasam-paty na ny famadihana, dia voalaza fa mety hanjavona ny zavatra azo hanina natao fanatitra toy ny vary masaka sy ny voankazo. Ny sisa dia miparitaka avy eo dia adikan’ ny olona ho mariky ny fandalovan’ ny lolovokatra. Amin' ny fitantarana sasany dia lazaina fa manana hery ara-bataba lehibe tsy araka ny mahazatra izy, na dia eo aza ny vatany toa marefo. Tsy tena mihinana izy ireo, na miseho ho mihinana fotsiny, ary tsy tena matory raha matory. Misy lovantsofina milaza fa mandao ny tanàna niaviany izy ireo ka lasa hipetraka any an-kafa mba tsy ho fantatry ny havany sy ny mpiray tanàna aminy. === Famantarana hafa ahalalana azy ireo === Mamaritra fomba fitsapana isan-karazany izay amantarana lolovokatra ny lovantsofina malagasy. Ao ny tsy fisian' ny aloka amin' ny masoandro na ny jiro, ny tsy fisin' ny sariny eo amin' ny fitaratra na ny fanjavozavon' izany izay indraindray mampiseho endrik' olona efa maty. Ao koa ny tsy fitiavany mahita [[sira]] na [[ody]] sasany, izay lazaina fa miteraka fanaintainana ao aminy. Ahafahana manavaka ny lolovokatra amin' ny olombelona tena izy ireo famantarana ireo. == Fiainan' ny lolovokatra == === Fizotran' ny fivokarana === Ao amin' ny fitantarana nangonin' ny etnôlôga sy ny misiônera tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 sy tamin' ny fiandohan' ny taonjato faha-20 dia mivoaka avy ao am-pasana amin' ny alalan' ny fanosehana ny tany hiakatra ny lolovokatra. Matetika misy ny filazalazana fa miala hoazy ny tany, toa misy hery tsy hita maso manampy ny maty hivoaka nefa tsy misy ezaka manokana mifandanja amin' izany ataony. Lazaina indraindray fa voatosika na mitresaka ny vato na ny vatam-paty (raha misy) amin' ny fotoana fitsanganana amin' ny maty<ref><small>Astuti, Rita, ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/childrens-understanding-of-death/death-ancestors-and-the-living-dead-learning-without-teaching-in-madagascar/B83DEBE63CD0A36BF6C31FC0D4C7FB21 Death, Ancestors and the Living Dead]'', Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 45‑48.</small></ref><ref><small>Piveteau, Jean, ''Les croyances funéraires à Madagascar'', Journal de la Société des Africanistes, 1937.</small></ref>. === Fitsapana an' ilay lolovokatra === Ny fitantarana eny amin' ny fiarahamonina dia miresaka momba ny fitsapana toy ny fanoloran' ny havany hena manta na masaka ho an' ilay lolovokatra mba hahafantarana raha mbola manakaiky ny toetran' ny olombelona izy na tsia. Tsy voamarin' ny etnôgrafia anefa izany. Miombon-kevitra ny loharanom-baovao fa tsy raisin' ny fianakaviana ho voninahitra velively ny fiverenan' ny maty amin' ny endrika lolovokatra, fa henatra na loza mitaky fombafomba hampanjavonana azy na hampanalavirana azy<ref name=":0" />. === Fampitahorany ny velona === Misy ny olona mitantara fa ampitahorin' ny lolovokatra eny an-dalana ny olona raha mody alina. Tia mitaingin-t[[sarety]] koa, hoy ny sasany, ny lolovokatra. Matetika no miady amin' izay sendra azy izy. Menatra izy raha mahafantatra azy ilay olona sakanany. Tsy sahy mody izy ireny ka lasa olon-dia. === Fiafarana === Ny lovantsofina sasany dia miresaka ny amin' ny tsingerim-piainan' ny lolovokatra izay velona imbetsaka (indraindray miisa fito: maty impito<ref name=":0" />) alohan' ny hahafatesany tanteraka amin' ny farany; izany dia adikan' ny mpikaroka ho angano fa tsy zava-misy hitan' izy ireo<ref name=":2" />. == Fiheverana ankehitriny == === Fiheverana ao amin' ny fitaovan-tserasera === Ankehitriny dia mitombo hatrany ny anjara toerana sahanin' ny fitaovan-tsarasera toy ny [[Facebook]] sy ny [[WhatsApp]], ary ny sehatra fifampizaràna isan-karazany, amin' ny fanaparitahana ny fiheverana momba ny lolovokatra. Na dia tsy loharanom-pahalalana akademika aza ireo sehatra ireo dia mandray anjara amin' ny fanaparitahana sy ny fanovana ary ny fandrakofam-baovao momba ny fitantarana sy ny finoana ny fisian' ny lolovokatra. Ny fijoroana vavolombelona sy ny fanehoan-kevitra ary ny fifanakalozan-kevitra eo amin' ny tambajotran-tserasera dia maneho ny fahaveloman' ny finoam-bahoaka momba ny maty sy ny matoatoa ary ny lolovokatra, na dia tsy porofo mivaingana aza ireo. === Fiheveran' ny antrôpôlôga === Asehon' ny fanadihadiana maro, anisan' izany ny an' i [[Raymond Decary]], fa indraindray dia mifandray amin' ny taranjam-pirazanana [[Andevo|nandevozina]] na amin' ny vondrona natao an-jorom-bala teo aloha ny tantaran' ny olona lazaina fa mifoha avy maty. Izany dia maneho ny fisian' ny ambaratonga tsy mitovy eo amin' ny fiarahamonina izay mbola maharitra ao amin' ny fisainan' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] maro<ref name=":1" />. I Dominique Somda koa dia mandika ireo fitantarana ireo ho fanoharana mahakasika ny fiarahamonina, fanehoana ny disadisa mifandray amin' ny tantaran' ny fanandevozana sy ny fanilikilihana ary ny fahasarotan' ny fampidirana ny vondrona sasany ho anisan' ny fiarahamonina<ref name=":0" />. Mihevitra koa ny antrôpôlôga fa ny fitantarana lolovokatra dia fitaovana natao hifehezana ny fitondran-tena sy hampahatsiahivana ny vokatry ny fandikana ny [[fady]] ary hanamafy ny maha zava-dehibe ny fanajana ny fitsipi-piarahamonina<ref name=":0" />. Manampy amin' ny fanehoana ety ivelany ny disadisa eo amin' ny samy vondrona koa ireo fitantarana ireo, sady natao hanazava ny anton' ny loza mitranga eo amin' ny fiarahamonina, ary manondro an' ohatra ny tompon' andraikitra amin' izany, nefa tsy mampiasa herisetra mivantana<ref name=":1" />. == Jereo koa == * [[Angatra]] * [[Fanahy]] * [[Zômby]] * [[Kinaoly]] * [[Matoatoa]] * [[Famadihana]] * [[Fanahin' ny vatana]] * [[Fivavahana amin' ny razana]] * [[Fitsanganan-ko velona]] na [[Fitsanganan-ko velona|fitsanganana amin' ny maty]] * [[Anatsosa]] - [[Ntantotobato]] - [[Tanalasosa]] == Rohy ivelany == * "[https://generationvoyage.fr/lolo-vokatra-walking-dead-madagascar/ Les « lolo vokatra », les « walking dead » de Madagascar"], ''generationvoyage.fr'' * "[https://journals.openedition.org/oceanindien/1666?lang=en Étrangers, esclaves, morts-vivants : des rumeurs et des secrets au Sud de Madagascar]", ''journals.openedition.org'' * "[https://www.madamagazine.com/en/the-walking-dead-madagaskars-zombies/ The Walking Dead: Madagascar’s Zombies]", ''www.madamagazine.com'' * "[https://www.septcollines.com/decouvrez-lolo-vokatra-zombies-magagascar/ Découvrez les “lolo vokatra”, les zombies de Magagascar]", ''www.septcollines.com'' * "[https://agir-avec-madagascar.over-blog.com/2015/06/legende-tanalasosa.html Légende: Tanalasosa]", ''agir-avec-madagascar.over-blog.com'' * "[http://randriamialy.unblog.fr/2009/04/17/atlantide/ Atlantide]", ''randriamialy.unblog.fr'' * "[https://forum.serasera.org/forum/message/m484e1b53265d9 Lolo vokatra]", ''forum.serasera.org'' * "[https://tanikomadagascar.com/croyances-sakalava/ Croyances sakalava]", ''tanikomadagascar.com'' * "[http://razafimahazo.free.fr/Descendants/Angano/Ranoro.htm Ranoro]", ''razafimahazo.free.fr'' * "[https://forum.serasera.org/forum/message/m454a411708eec Lolo vokatra ! efa nisy nahita ve?]", ''forum.serasera.org'' == Boky azo anovozan-kavitra == * François Benolo, ''[https://theses.fr/1992PA040186 Le Lolo, ou le problème de la reviviscence des morts dans l'Androy (l'extrême-sud de Madagascar)": essai anthropologique pour une contribution de la Résurrection]'', thèse de doctorat, Dir. Michel Meslin, Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), 1992. * François Benolo, ''Certains morts reviennent à la vie (LOLO) : Selon la culture de l'Androy (Sud de Madagascar)'', 2025. * Raymond Decary, ''[https://books.google.mg/books/about/La_mort_et_les_coutumes_fun%C3%A9raires_%C3%A0_M.html?id=AjMJAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y La mort et les coutumes funéraires à Madagascar],'' G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1962. * Pierre‑Loïc Pacaud, [https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/catalogue/livre/un-culte-dexhumation-des-morts-a-madagascar-le-famadihana/59681 ''Un culte d'exhumation des morts à Madagascar: le Famadihana'']'','' Collection : Espaces théoriques, 2003. * Rita Astuti (dir.), ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/childrens-understanding-of-death/death-ancestors-and-the-living-dead-learning-without-teaching-in-madagascar/B83DEBE63CD0A36BF6C31FC0D4C7FB21 Death, Ancestors, and the Living Dead: Learning without Teaching in Madagascar],'' Cambridge University Press, 2011. * Dominique Somda, "[https://journals.openedition.org/terrain/4240 Odeur des morts et esprit de famille (Anôsy, Madagascar)]", journals.openedition.org * Hélène Giguère, [https://www.pulaval.com/livres/des-morts-des-vivants-et-des-choses-ethnographie-d-un-village-de-pecheurs-au-nord-de-madagascar ''Des morts, des vivants et des choses: ethnographie d’un village de pêcheurs au nord de Madagascar''], 2006. * Domenichini, J.P. (2014). ''Vazimba et esprits helo: la profondeur chronologique''. Études Océan Indien. PDF * Somda, D. (2014). ''Étrangers, esclaves, morts-vivants: des rumeurs et des secrets au Sud de Madagascar''. Études Océan Indien. PDF * Renel, C. (1923). ''Ancêtres et dieux''. Imp. Pitot de la Beaujardière. * Faublée, J. (1968). ''Le fait religieux à Madagascar''. Paris: Institut d’Ethnologie. * Bloch, M. (1971). ''La sorcellerie et la société malgache''. Paris: Mouton. * Ralambomanana, V. (2001). ''Esprits et rituels à Madagascar''. Antananarivo: Presses Universitaires. * Campbell, G. (2012). ''The ghosts of Madagascar: folklore and social order''. Journal of Malagasy Studies, 15(2), 33–57. * Chaboud, C. (1990). ''Croyances populaires à Madagascar: fantômes et revenants''. Paris: Karthala. == Loharano == [[Sokajy:Finoanoampoana]] blnw3gx00qa0bmqbs7wyg0iouejehtb 0 279024 1146919 1145716 2026-07-06T16:06:53Z Fiavi14 40094 1146919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Madagascar - Betsiboka - 2024.svg|vignette|Ny faritra misy an ' i Betsiboka eo amin ' ny saritanin ' I Madagasikara]] '''Betsiboka''' dia ony any amin' ny tapany avaratr' i [[Madagasikara]], mivarina any amin' ny [[Lakandranon' i Môzambika]] any [[Mahajanga]] ao amin' ny vavaranon' i Bombetoka. Misongadina izy noho ny lokon-dranony mena, vokatry ny fiangonanan' ny potika vatolampy miloko mena voasary .Ny toerana misy ny ony Betsiboka eto [[Madagasikara]].Misy fitrangana [[fikao-tany]] tsikaritra any amin' ny faritra avaratra-andrefana amin' i Madagasikara, vokatry ny fanapahana ny hazo any an' ala hahampitomboana ny tany fambolena sy ho an' ny fiompiana nandritra ny 50 taona lasa. Ny ony Betsiboka dia azon' ny sambo handehanana ary mahazaka hatramin' ny 20 taonina hatrany [[Ambato-Boeny]]. == Fiandohana sy velaran’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Ny ony Betsiboka dia miforona avy amin’ny fihaonan’ny renirano Jabo sy Amparihibe, izay samy avy any amin’ny faritra avaratr’Antananarivo. Ny Jabo dia voalaza fa miandoha any amin’ny tendrombohitra Iangana, amin’ny haavo manodidina ny 1 550 metatra. Raha refesina avy amin’ny loharanon’i Jabo ka hatrany an-dranomasina, dia manodidina ny 531 km ny halavan’ny Betsiboka; ary mety hahatratra 605 km izany raha isaina avy amin’ny loharanon’ny Mananara. Mandrakotra velarana eo amin’ny 49 000 km² eo ho eo ny sahan-dranony, tsy anisan’izany ny faritra ambonin’ny Mahajamba<ref>horizon.documentation.Ird</ref>.<ref /> == Fifandraisana amin’ny Ikopa sy Kamoro == Anisan’ny sampan-drano lehibe mifandray amin’ny Betsiboka ny Ikopa. Ny fihaonan’ny Ikopa sy Betsiboka dia ao anatin’ny faritra mando sy honahona, ka miovaova matetika ny fandrian’ny renirano. Eo amin’i Ambato-Boeny kosa no ihaonan’ny Betsiboka amin’ny Kamoro eo amin’ny morony ankavanana. Ity fifandraisan’ny Betsiboka, Ikopa ary Kamoro ity no mahatonga ny rafitra Betsiboka–Mahajamba ho iray amin’ireo sahan-drano lehibe indrindra eto Madagasikara<ref>horizon.documentation.ird.fr</ref>. == Ny antsanga sy ny fiovan’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka == [[Sary:Bombetoka Bay, April 2005.jpg|vignette|Bombetoka]] Rehefa manakaiky an’i Mahajanga ny Betsiboka dia mamorona antsanga lehibe ao anatin’ny ala honko matevina, indrindra eo amin’ny faritra Marovoay sy Bombetoka. Araka ny fanazavan’ny NASA, dia efa mameno ampahany lehibe amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka ny antsaga ankehitriny, ary tombanana ho manodidina ny 35 km ny halavany taorian’ny firoboroboan’ny fitateran’ny renirano potika tany nandritra ny am-polony taona maro<ref>science.nasa.gov</ref> Ny fiangonan’ny fasika sy fotaka entin’ny Betsiboka dia nahatonga nosy kely sy sisin-tany vaovao hiforona ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka. Misy amin’ireo nosy vaovao ireo no efa rakotra zavamaniry sy ala honko, ka manova tsikelikely ny endriky ny helodrano sy ny lalana ikorianan’ny rano mankany amin’ny Lakandranon’i Mozambika. == Ala honko sy zava-mananaina == [[Sary:BetsibokaBridge RN4.JPG|vignette|Tetezan' i Betsiboka eo amin' ny lalam-pirenena faha-4]]Ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka sy ny morony dia betsaka ny ala honko, izay anisan’ny lehibe sy manan-danja eto Madagasikara. Ireo ala honko ireo dia miaro ny morontsiraka, mitazona ny potika tany entin’ny renirano, ary manome fonenana ho an’ny biby anaty rano sy amoron-dranomasina, toy ny sokatra an-dranomasina, vorona, hazandrano, makamba, foza ary dugong. [[Sary:Pichavaram Mangrove Forests.jpg|vignette|Ala honko ( Mangrove)]] Ankoatra izany, ny vavaranon’i Betsiboka dia manan-danja amin’ny tontolo iainana satria mamelona karazam-biby maromaro. Voalaza ao amin’ny NASA fa manampy amin’ny famatsiana sakafo ho an’ny sokatra maitso sy ny dugong ny faritra estuarienne ao amin’ny antsangan ' i Betsiboka, na dia misy aza ny olana ateraky ny fitohanana sy ny fiangonan’ny fotaka<ref>Science.nasa.gov</ref> == Trondro miavaka ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Misy karazan-trondro manokana hita ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka, anisan’izany ny" Paretroplus" tsimoly, karazana trondro "cichlidé' malagasy. Ity trondro ity dia monina amin’ny rano mikoriana misy lavadrano madinika, vato ary vatokely, ary sokajian’ny" IUCN" ho atahorana ho lany tamingana. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] {{reflist}} {{Renirano malagasy}} [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Faritra Boeny]] m7p0a6zhyxx0f58h64oc69da2mhk3qb 1146920 1146919 2026-07-06T16:07:32Z Fiavi14 40094 1146920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Madagascar - Betsiboka - 2024.svg|vignette|Ny faritra misy an ' i Betsiboka eo amin ' ny saritanin ' I Madagasikara]] '''Betsiboka''' dia ony any amin' ny tapany avaratr' i [[Madagasikara]], mivarina any amin' ny [[Lakandranon' i Môzambika]] any [[Mahajanga]] ao amin' ny vavaranon' i Bombetoka. Misongadina izy noho ny lokon-dranony mena, vokatry ny fiangonanan' ny potika vatolampy miloko mena voasary .Ny toerana misy ny ony Betsiboka eto [[Madagasikara]]. Misy fitrangana [[fikao-tany]] tsikaritra any amin' ny faritra avaratra-andrefana amin' i Madagasikara, vokatry ny fanapahana ny hazo any an' [[ala]] hahampitomboana ny tany fambolena sy ho an' ny [[fiompiana]] nandritra ny 50 taona lasa. Ny ony Betsiboka dia azon' ny sambo handehanana ary mahazaka hatramin' ny 20 taonina hatrany [[Ambato-Boeny]]. == Fiandohana sy velaran’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Ny ony Betsiboka dia miforona avy amin’ny fihaonan’ny renirano Jabo sy Amparihibe, izay samy avy any amin’ny faritra avaratr’Antananarivo. Ny Jabo dia voalaza fa miandoha any amin’ny tendrombohitra Iangana, amin’ny haavo manodidina ny 1 550 metatra. Raha refesina avy amin’ny loharanon’i Jabo ka hatrany an-dranomasina, dia manodidina ny 531 km ny halavan’ny Betsiboka; ary mety hahatratra 605 km izany raha isaina avy amin’ny loharanon’ny Mananara. Mandrakotra velarana eo amin’ny 49 000 km² eo ho eo ny sahan-dranony, tsy anisan’izany ny faritra ambonin’ny Mahajamba<ref>horizon.documentation.Ird</ref>.<ref /> == Fifandraisana amin’ny Ikopa sy Kamoro == Anisan’ny sampan-drano lehibe mifandray amin’ny Betsiboka ny Ikopa. Ny fihaonan’ny Ikopa sy Betsiboka dia ao anatin’ny faritra mando sy honahona, ka miovaova matetika ny fandrian’ny renirano. Eo amin’i Ambato-Boeny kosa no ihaonan’ny Betsiboka amin’ny Kamoro eo amin’ny morony ankavanana. Ity fifandraisan’ny Betsiboka, Ikopa ary Kamoro ity no mahatonga ny rafitra Betsiboka–Mahajamba ho iray amin’ireo sahan-drano lehibe indrindra eto Madagasikara<ref>horizon.documentation.ird.fr</ref>. == Ny antsanga sy ny fiovan’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka == [[Sary:Bombetoka Bay, April 2005.jpg|vignette|Bombetoka]] Rehefa manakaiky an’i Mahajanga ny Betsiboka dia mamorona antsanga lehibe ao anatin’ny ala honko matevina, indrindra eo amin’ny faritra Marovoay sy Bombetoka. Araka ny fanazavan’ny NASA, dia efa mameno ampahany lehibe amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka ny antsaga ankehitriny, ary tombanana ho manodidina ny 35 km ny halavany taorian’ny firoboroboan’ny fitateran’ny renirano potika tany nandritra ny am-polony taona maro<ref>science.nasa.gov</ref> Ny fiangonan’ny fasika sy fotaka entin’ny Betsiboka dia nahatonga nosy kely sy sisin-tany vaovao hiforona ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka. Misy amin’ireo nosy vaovao ireo no efa rakotra zavamaniry sy ala honko, ka manova tsikelikely ny endriky ny helodrano sy ny lalana ikorianan’ny rano mankany amin’ny Lakandranon’i Mozambika. == Ala honko sy zava-mananaina == [[Sary:BetsibokaBridge RN4.JPG|vignette|Tetezan' i Betsiboka eo amin' ny lalam-pirenena faha-4]]Ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka sy ny morony dia betsaka ny ala honko, izay anisan’ny lehibe sy manan-danja eto Madagasikara. Ireo ala honko ireo dia miaro ny morontsiraka, mitazona ny potika tany entin’ny renirano, ary manome fonenana ho an’ny biby anaty rano sy amoron-dranomasina, toy ny sokatra an-dranomasina, vorona, hazandrano, makamba, foza ary dugong. [[Sary:Pichavaram Mangrove Forests.jpg|vignette|Ala honko ( Mangrove)]] Ankoatra izany, ny vavaranon’i Betsiboka dia manan-danja amin’ny tontolo iainana satria mamelona karazam-biby maromaro. Voalaza ao amin’ny NASA fa manampy amin’ny famatsiana sakafo ho an’ny sokatra maitso sy ny dugong ny faritra estuarienne ao amin’ny antsangan ' i Betsiboka, na dia misy aza ny olana ateraky ny fitohanana sy ny fiangonan’ny fotaka<ref>Science.nasa.gov</ref> == Trondro miavaka ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Misy karazan-trondro manokana hita ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka, anisan’izany ny" Paretroplus" tsimoly, karazana trondro "cichlidé' malagasy. Ity trondro ity dia monina amin’ny rano mikoriana misy lavadrano madinika, vato ary vatokely, ary sokajian’ny" IUCN" ho atahorana ho lany tamingana. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] {{reflist}} {{Renirano malagasy}} [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Faritra Boeny]] mrtt0z9nzru2vs62468klytnvw3emqn 1146922 1146920 2026-07-06T16:08:06Z Fiavi14 40094 1146922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Madagascar - Betsiboka - 2024.svg|vignette|Ny faritra misy an ' i Betsiboka eo amin ' ny saritanin ' I Madagasikara]] '''Betsiboka''' dia ony any amin' ny tapany avaratr' i [[Madagasikara]], mivarina any amin' ny [[Lakandranon' i Môzambika]] any [[Mahajanga]] ao amin' ny vavaranon' i Bombetoka. Misongadina izy noho ny lokon-dranony mena, vokatry ny fiangonanan' ny potika vatolampy miloko mena voasary .Ny toerana misy ny ony Betsiboka eto [[Madagasikara]]. Misy fitrangana [[fikao-tany]] tsikaritra any amin' ny faritra avaratra-andrefana amin' i Madagasikara, vokatry ny fanapahana ny hazo any an' [[ala]] hahampitomboana ny tany fambolena sy ho an' ny [[fiompiana]] nandritra ny 50 taona lasa. Ny ony Betsiboka dia azon' ny sambo handehanana ary mahazaka hatramin' ny 20 taonina hatrany [[Ambato-Boeny]]. == Fiandohana sy velaran’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Ny ony Betsiboka dia miforona avy amin’ny fihaonan’ny [[renirano]] Jabo sy Amparihibe, izay samy avy any amin’ny faritra avaratr’Antananarivo. Ny Jabo dia voalaza fa miandoha any amin’ny tendrombohitra Iangana, amin’ny haavo manodidina ny 1 550 metatra. Raha refesina avy amin’ny loharanon’i Jabo ka hatrany an-dranomasina, dia manodidina ny 531 km ny halavan’ny Betsiboka; ary mety hahatratra 605 km izany raha isaina avy amin’ny loharanon’ny Mananara. Mandrakotra velarana eo amin’ny 49 000 km² eo ho eo ny sahan-dranony, tsy anisan’izany ny faritra ambonin’ny Mahajamba<ref>horizon.documentation.Ird</ref>.<ref /> == Fifandraisana amin’ny Ikopa sy Kamoro == Anisan’ny sampan-drano lehibe mifandray amin’ny Betsiboka ny Ikopa. Ny fihaonan’ny Ikopa sy Betsiboka dia ao anatin’ny faritra mando sy honahona, ka miovaova matetika ny fandrian’ny renirano. Eo amin’i Ambato-Boeny kosa no ihaonan’ny Betsiboka amin’ny Kamoro eo amin’ny morony ankavanana. Ity fifandraisan’ny Betsiboka, Ikopa ary Kamoro ity no mahatonga ny rafitra Betsiboka–Mahajamba ho iray amin’ireo sahan-drano lehibe indrindra eto Madagasikara<ref>horizon.documentation.ird.fr</ref>. == Ny antsanga sy ny fiovan’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka == [[Sary:Bombetoka Bay, April 2005.jpg|vignette|Bombetoka]] Rehefa manakaiky an’i Mahajanga ny Betsiboka dia mamorona antsanga lehibe ao anatin’ny ala honko matevina, indrindra eo amin’ny faritra Marovoay sy Bombetoka. Araka ny fanazavan’ny NASA, dia efa mameno ampahany lehibe amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka ny antsaga ankehitriny, ary tombanana ho manodidina ny 35 km ny halavany taorian’ny firoboroboan’ny fitateran’ny renirano potika tany nandritra ny am-polony taona maro<ref>science.nasa.gov</ref> Ny fiangonan’ny fasika sy fotaka entin’ny Betsiboka dia nahatonga nosy kely sy sisin-tany vaovao hiforona ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka. Misy amin’ireo nosy vaovao ireo no efa rakotra zavamaniry sy ala honko, ka manova tsikelikely ny endriky ny helodrano sy ny lalana ikorianan’ny rano mankany amin’ny Lakandranon’i Mozambika. == Ala honko sy zava-mananaina == [[Sary:BetsibokaBridge RN4.JPG|vignette|Tetezan' i Betsiboka eo amin' ny lalam-pirenena faha-4]]Ao amin’ny vavaranon’i Bombetoka sy ny morony dia betsaka ny ala honko, izay anisan’ny lehibe sy manan-danja eto Madagasikara. Ireo ala honko ireo dia miaro ny morontsiraka, mitazona ny potika tany entin’ny renirano, ary manome fonenana ho an’ny biby anaty rano sy amoron-dranomasina, toy ny sokatra an-dranomasina, vorona, hazandrano, makamba, foza ary dugong. [[Sary:Pichavaram Mangrove Forests.jpg|vignette|Ala honko ( Mangrove)]] Ankoatra izany, ny vavaranon’i Betsiboka dia manan-danja amin’ny tontolo iainana satria mamelona karazam-biby maromaro. Voalaza ao amin’ny NASA fa manampy amin’ny famatsiana sakafo ho an’ny sokatra maitso sy ny dugong ny faritra estuarienne ao amin’ny antsangan ' i Betsiboka, na dia misy aza ny olana ateraky ny fitohanana sy ny fiangonan’ny fotaka<ref>Science.nasa.gov</ref> == Trondro miavaka ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka == Misy karazan-trondro manokana hita ao amin’ny sahan-dranon’i Betsiboka, anisan’izany ny" Paretroplus" tsimoly, karazana trondro "cichlidé' malagasy. Ity trondro ity dia monina amin’ny rano mikoriana misy lavadrano madinika, vato ary vatokely, ary sokajian’ny" IUCN" ho atahorana ho lany tamingana. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] {{reflist}} {{Renirano malagasy}} [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Faritra Boeny]] 3g90t5jx5dzye43zyzffyirvz15x73z 0 281571 1146975 1142430 2026-07-06T23:53:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146975 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar engraving.jpg|vignette|Andevo malagasy milanja ny mpanjakavavy [[Ranavalona I]]|347x347px]] Ny '''fanandevozana teto Madagasikara''' dia singa lehibe nandrafitra ny fiarahamonina maro teto talohan' ny [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|fanjanahantany]]. Nantsoina hoe '''andevo''' na '''ondevo''' na '''ndevo''' ny olona niharan' ny fanandevozana ary io no anisan' ny saranga ara-pirazanana sy ara-tantara tao amin' ny foko na fanjakana maro teo amin' ny Malagasy tamin' ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka, ankoatry ny [[hova]] sy ny [[andriana]]<ref><small>"[https://www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr/documentaires/l-esclavage/lesclavage-dans-locean-indien/les-temoins-materiels-de-la-presence-desclavage-en-imerina-hautes-terres-centrales-de-madagascar-du-xvie-siecle-a-la-fin-du-xviiie-siecle/ Les témoins matériels de la présence d’esclavage en Imerina (Hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) du XVIe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle]", ''www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr''</small></ref>, izay hita tany amin' ny fanjakana malagasy maro, indrindra ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], ny [[Fanjakan' i Menabe|Fanjakana Sakalavan' i Menabe]], ny [[Fanjakan' i Boina|Fanjakana Sakalavan' i Boina]] ary ny [[Fanjakana Betsileo]]. Antony maromaro no nahatonga ny olona iray ho lasa andevo, anisan' izany ireto: ny olona very fahafahana noho ny [[heloka bevava]] na ny [[trosa]] be tsy voaloa, ny babo an' ady ary ny andevo namidy avy any ivelany. Nisahana ny fanaovan-draharaha mafy rehetra ao an-tokantrano sy any an-tsaha ary ny fitondrana entana ny andevo. Niankina amin' ny tompony ny fiainan' izy ireo<ref><small>"[https://tenymalagasy.org/bins/teny2?w=andevo Andevo]", ''Motmalgache''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://lexpress.mg/13/09/2017/les-relations-sociales-entre-les-paysans-merina/ Les relations sociales entre les paysans merina]", ''L'Express de Madagascar'', 13 septembre 2017</small></ref> ary nampiasaina amin' ny fambolena, amin' ny asa an-trano na amin' ny asa ara-toekarena isan-karazany. Nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-18 ary indrindra fa tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nandray anjara tamin' ny varotra andevo tao amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indianina ihany koa i Madagasikara, indrindra tamin' ny famatsiana ny zanatany frantsay toa an' i [[Île Bourbon]] ([[La Réunion]] ankehitriny) sy [[Ile de France (Maorisy)|Île de France]] ([[Maorisy]] ankehitriny). Nofoanana tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny fanandevozana taorian' ny fandraisan' ny mpanjanaka frantsay an' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1896. Na izany aza dia nitoetra ela be tany amin' ny faritra sasany ny fiantraika ara-piarahamonin' ny fanandevozana, dia ny fanilikilihana ny taranaky ny andevo taloha. == Fiforonan-teny == Ny hoe ''andevo'' dia avy amin' ny kamban-teny hoe ''olon-devo'' izay midika hoe "olona an-trano", ka ny teny hoe ''levo'' dia nampiasaina hanondroana ny trano fonenana, araka ny mbola hita amin' ny [[fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana]] sasany amin' ny endrika hoe ''lewu'', ''levu'' na ''lebo''<ref><small>"[https://motmalgache.org/bins/teny2/andevo Andevo]", ''motmalgache.org'' (avy amin' ny boky ''Dictionnaire Historique et Géographique'' nosoratan' i [[Régis Rajemisa Raolison|Rajemisa-Raolison Régis]])</small> </ref><ref><small>Razafindralambo Lolona N., "[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha_14-15-89-117.pdf Construction d’identité et relations de dépendance : descendants d’anciens maîtres et descendants d’anciens « esclaves » en Imerina] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha_14-15-89-117.pdf |date=20260610064140 }}", ⁠''Taloha'' (n° 14-15), ''madarevues.recherches.gov.mg'' ("O. Ch. Dahl (''Migration from Kalimantan to Madagascar'', 1991...) propose comme étymologie ''olon-lewu'', "homme de la maison" (''lewu'' : maison), c'est-à-dire un domestique. »")</small></ref>. Teny mitovy hevitra ny hoe ''andevo'' na ''ondevo'' na ''ndevo'' na ''mpanompo'' teo amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy taloha: tsy nanondro ny fanandevozana ireo teny ireo tamin' ny voalohany. == Antony mahalasa andevo == Teto [[Madagasikara]] dia mety ho vokatry ny toe-javatra maromaro ny antony mahalasa andevo, izay amin' ny ankapobeny voarindra araka ny fomba amam-panao sy araka ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka. Maromaro ny atony mahatonga ny olona ho andevo teto Madagasikara, anisan' izany ny faharesena amin' ny ady, ny tsy fahaloavan-trosa, ny sazy ara-pitsarana, ny fandovana ny sata maha andevo ary ny varotra andevo. Azo atao andevo ny [[andriana]] na ny [[hova]] raha misy heloka na trosa tsy voaloany, ary amin' izany toe-javatra izany dia tsy hatao hoe ''andevo'' ny fiantsoana azy fa atao hoe ''[[zazahova]]''. === Babo an' ady === Ny olona azo tamin' ny fanafihana isan-karazany na ny babo tamn' ny ady nifanaovan' ny samy fanjakana na samy foko no nahalasa andevo olona maro indrindra. Ohatra: nisambotra [[Betsileo]] na [[Antankarana]] ny [[Fanjakana Merina]] nandritra ny adin' ny samy foko; nisambotra [[Betsimisaraka]] sy [[Antanosy]] tany amorontsiraka ny [[Sakalava]]. Matetika dia azo natao ny nanafaka ireo andevo ireo tamin' ny alalan' ny vidim-panavotana, tamin' ny alalan' ny fifampiraharahana amin' ny mpandresy, na tamin' ny alalan' ny didy avoakan' ny mpanjaka. === Tsy fahafahana mandoa trosa === Ny olona nitrosa tamin' ny [[andriana]] na tamin' ny [[hova]] nefa tsy mahavoaefa izany dia azo natao andevo amin' ny fotoana voafetra, mandra-pandoavana ny trosa na mandritra ny taona maromaro. Io endri-panandevozana io dia manakaiky kokoa ny asa fanompoana (atao hoe ''[[:fr:Servage|sevrage]]'') tany [[Eorôpa]] na ny asa an-terivozona. === Heloka bevava na fikomiana amin' ny mpanjaka === Mety ho lasa andevo ny olona voaheloky ny fitsarana noho ny heloka bevava, na ny halatra lehibe, na ny fikomiana amin' ny mpanjaka na fahefany, raha tsy voaheloka ho faty. Tsy azo atao raha tsy amin' ny alalan' ny famotsoran-keloka na ny famelan-keloka avy amin' ny mpajaka ny fanafahana azy ireo, ary ny andevo sasany dia afaka nijanona ho andevo mandra-pahafatiny. === Zanaky ny andevovavy === Ny zanaka nateraky ny reny andevo dia lasa andevo ihany koa, na inona na inona satan' ny rainy. Izany fitsipika izany dia nampiharina tany amin' ny [[Merina]] sy ny [[Betsileo]]. Sarotra kokoa matetika ny fanafahana ny zaza nateraky ny andevovavy ary nitaky didy avy amin' ny mpanjaka manokana izany indraindray. === Varotra olona === Nisy ny olona namidy ho andevo, na tao afovoan-tanin' i Madagasikara na avy tany amorontsiraka, na avy teto Madagaskara ihany na avy any ivelany, amin' ny alalan' ny mpivarotra andevo. Ny andevo sasany avy any ivelany diai matetika avy ao [[Afrika Atsinanana]] ([[Môzambika]], [[Tanzania]]), [[Kômôro]] na ireo nosy [[Maskareina (tamba-nosy)|Maskarena]]. == Asa fanompoana == Teto Madagasikara, ny andevo dia nanatanteraka asa fanompoana maro samihafa teo amin' ny fiarahamonina, izay samy hafa arakaraka ny fanjakana sy ny faritra ary ny sokajin' ny tompo ([[andriana]], [[hova]], [[mpanjaka]]). Tena ilaina eo amin' ny toekarena sy ao an-tokantrano ary tamin' ny pôlitika teo amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy faha mpanjaka ny asan' izy ireo. === Asa an-trano === Ny andevo no niandraikitra ny fikarakarana ny tokantrano, ny nahandro, ny ny zaza, ary ny asa isan-karazany mahakasika ny tompony mivantana. Hita indrindra izany teo amin' ny andevon' andriana na ny an' ny hova, na ny an' ny mpanjaka, na teo amin' ny [[Fanjakana Merina|Merina]] ([[Antananarivo]], [[Ambohimanga]]) sy ny [[Fanjakana sakalava|Sakalava]] ary ny [[Fanjakana betsileo|Betsileo]]. === Asa tany === Niasa any an-tsaha ho an' ny tompony (andriana, hova, mpanjaka) ny andevo, anisan' izany ny fambolena voly fihinana sy ny toeram-pambolena lehiben' ny mpanjaka (vary, mangahazo, vomanga, ary voly hafa). Nisy andevo nentina tany amin' ny fanjakana samihafa teto [[Madagasikara]] mba hanao [[Asa an-tery vozona|asa an-terivozona]] hanatevenana sy hampitomboana ny vokatry ny fambolena any, indrindra fa tamin' ny taonjato faha-16 ka hatramin' ny faha-19. Tsy nanana tany ny andevo amin’ ny ankapobeny. Afaka niasa ho an' ny tenany manokana indraindray ny andevo nafahana, nefa ny ankamaroany tsy nanana tany. === Asa tanana === Nanao asa tanana toy ny fanenomana, fanefena tanimanga (vilany, tavy, siny, sns), fandrafetana, fanefena metaly, ary asa tanana hafa ny andevo. Anisan' ny mpanao asa tanana manan-danja izy ireo tany amin' ny tanàn' ny Merina ([[Antananarivo]], [[Antsirabe]]) sy tany amin' ny tanànan' ny Sakalava ary tany amorontsiraka atsinanana. Natokana ho amin' ny asa manokana izay nifandovan' ny taranaka nifandimby ny andevo sasany. === Raharaham-barotra === Nandray anjara amin' ny varotra sy ny famokarana ho an' ny tsena ny andevo, izay matetika teo ambany fanaraha-mason' ny tompony. Ny tambajotra ara-barotra dia nahitana mpivarotra [[Arabo (vahoaka)|arabo]]-[[Soahily (vahoaka)|soahily]] tany amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanana sy avaratra, tao koa ny Eorôpeana (Pôrtogey, Frantsay, Britanika) tany amin' ny morontsiraka sy seranana ([[Mahajanga]], [[Toamasina]], [[Morondava]]), ary ny andriana malagasy tamin' ny varotra anatiny. Tany amin' ny seranan-tsambo sasany dia nampiasaina mivantana teo amin' ny fanondranana ny vokatry ny fambolena na ny vokatry ny asa tanana ny andevo. (Ohabolana: ''Andevolahy avy nandranto: izay atao rehetra "izaho avy nandranto"''.). === Fiompiana === Nikarakara fiompiana omby sy akoho amam-borona ary biby fiompy hafa ho an' ny tompony ny andevo. Asa nanan-danja izany, indrindra teo amin' ny tanin' ny mpanjaka sy ho an' ny andriana nanana tany sy fananana lehibe. Fanao fahita tany amin' ny Merina sy ny Betsileo ary ny Sakalava izany. === Fitaterana === Ny andevo dia nampiasaina amin' ny fitondrana entana, amin' ny fitaterana entam-barotra, na amin' ny filanjana ny mpajaka sy andriana na ny hova tompony ny andevo. Nandray anjara tamin' ny fitaterana an-dranomasina (lakana, dhows) ihany koa izy ireo tamin' ny varotra anatiny sy ifanaovana amin' ny any ivelany, araka ny hita tany amorontsiraka andrefana sy atsinanana. (Ohabolana: ''Andevolahy diso hena ratsy: ny tompon' alahelo no ataony ratsy lanja''.) === Asa ho an' ny fanjakana === Notendrena hanao fanompoana manokana ho an' ny mpanjaka ny andevo sasany: voatendry ho mpanaraka ny dian' ny mpanjaka sy ny andriana na ny hova tompony iraky ny mpanjaka sy mpiambina azy ireo any amin' ny toerana alehan' izy ireo. Ny hafa natokana ho amin' ny fanamboaran-dalana sy fanorenana manda fiarovana. Any amin' ny fanjakana sasany dia nisy ny andevo nampidirina vonjimaika amin' ny diabe fanafihana na nampiasaina hanaraha-maso ny faritra efa resy. === Asa ara-pivavahana sy ara-pombafomba === Ny andevo sasany dia nandray anjara amin' ny fikarakarana fasana sy toerana masina, amin' ny lanonam-pianakavian' ny andriana na ny mpanjaka, ary ny nanampy tamin' ny asan' ny mpisorona na tamin' ny fanompoana ny razan' ny mpanjaka. Io fomba fanao io dia hita tao Imerina sy tany amin' ny fanjakana amorontsiraka sasany. === Fanamarihana ankapobeny === Mety nolovaina na nomena arakaraka ny saranga na ny maha lahy na maha vavy ny asa fanompoana sasany. Ny andevon' ny mpanjaka, ny andevo an-trano, ny andevo mikarakara fambolena ary ny andevo manao asa tanana dia tsy nitovy toe-piainana. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia nanana fiainana tsara kokoa noho ny andevo mpamboly na mpanao asa tanana ny andevo miankina mivantana amin' ny mpanjaka na ny andevo manao asa an-trano. == Fiainana ara-piarahamonina == === Fifandraisana amin' ny saranga hafa === Ny andevo dia tsy noheverina ho zavatra na biby fa olona nailika amin' ny fandraisana anjara ara-piarahamonina mahazatra. Maro amin' izy ireo ny mitovy sata amin' ny gadra na olona nesorina zo maha olom-pirenena. Sarotra indrindra ny toe-draharaha raha avy any ivelany ilay babo ka zara raha afaka mifankahazatra amin' ny fiarahamonina misy azy. === Fanambadiana === Tsy manambady ivelan' ny foko sy saranga misy azy ny andevo sy ny saraga hafa tao amin' ny fiarahamonina merina sy betsileo. Araka ny voalazan' i William Ellis tamin' ny taona 1838 dia voarara tsy hanambady andriana na hova ny andevo teo amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy. Noheverina ho "olona maloto" ny andevo, tsy toy ny hova sy ny andriana izay "olona madio". Izany "fahalotoana" sy "fahadiovana" izany no nahatonga ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] amin' ny fifanambadian' ny andevo sy ny tsy andevo teo amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy. === Toekarena === Raha amin' ny lafiny ara-toekarena dia indraindray tsy nisy fahasamihafana lehibe teo amin' ny fari-piainan' ny andevo sy ny an' ny tompony. Ankoatra izany, amin' ny faritra sasany, ny andevo dia nanana safidy hiasa ho an' ny tenany sy hanana ny fananany manokana, anisan' izany ny fananana andevo (lasa andevon' andevo, araka ny fomba fiteny) izay lasa mpanompony. Ny mariky ny maha andevo azy ireo dia ny fandoavany ny ampahafolon' ny karamany amin' ny tompony. === Adidy amin' ny fanjakana === Tsy nandoa hetra ny andevo, ary tsy voatery nanao fanompoana ho an' ny fanjakana na ho an' ny mpanjaka na fanompoana miaramila, izay adidin' ny olona afaka. Izany no anisan' ny antony nahatonga ny andevo sasany tsy nety nandray ny fahafahana nomena azy. === Fahafatesana === Nokarakaraina mangingina sy tsy anaovana lanonana ampahibemaso ny fahafatesan' ny andevo. Atao maimaika ny fandevenana, matetika ao anatin' ny 24 ora. Raha alina no nitrangan' ny fahafatesana dia azo alevina alohan' ny mangirandratsy ny faty (jereo ny ohabolana hoe: "''Andevolahy maty hariva, ka vovon' alika no anjara tafondrony''"). Tsy nisy ny fiandrasam-paty. Tany amin' ny faritra maro (indrindra ny tao Imerina) dia tsy nahazo fasan-drazana ny andevo. Azo alevina amin' ny toerana mitokana na vonjimaika izy ireo. Tsy nisy fombafomba niantoka ny fifindran' ny fanahiny ho any amin' ny tontolon' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|Razana]]. Matetika no noheverina ho manjary fanahy nirenireny fa tsy tena lasan-ko razana ny fanahin' ny andevo. Ny finoana sasany notaterin' ny [[Etnôlôjia|etnôlôga]] dia milaza fa heverina ho mora miova ho fanahy mampidi-doza na maloto ([[angatra]]) ny fanahin' ny andevo maty. == Fivarotana andevo == Ankoatry ny fifampivarotana andevo amin' ny samy malagasy dia nisy ny fampidirana avy any ivelany sy ny fanondranana andevo avy eto Madagasikara. === Fampidirana andevo === Ny [[Ômàna|Arabo ômaney]] sy ny Frantsay no nampiditra andevo be indrindra teto Madagasikara. Anisan' ny niharan' izany filana andevo izany i [[Môzambika]]: nosamborina sy naondrana ny andevo mba hanomezana fahafaham-po izany filana izany. Avy ao [[Afrika Atsinanana]] sy Môzambika ny ankamaroan' ireo andevo ireo. === Fanondranana andevo === Nalaza ny [[fivarotana andevo]] teto [[Madagasikara]], ka ny andevo sasany namidy amin' ny samy Malagasy fa ny hafa kosa naondrana any ivelan' i Madagasikara. Tany [[Amerika]], tao [[Afrika Atsimo]], tany [[Pôrtogaly]], tany [[Goa]] ([[India]]), tany [[Java]], tany Batavia ([[Indônezia]]), tany Bourbon ([[La Réunion]] ankehitriny), tany Ile de France ([[Maorisy]] ankehitriny), tany [[Jamaika]], tany [[Barbady]], tany [[Trinidad (Bolivia)|Trinidad]] (Bôlivia), ary tany [[Pôrtô Rikô]] no toerana nivarotana ny olona avy aty [[Madagasikara]]. Niasa tamin' ny tany midadasika fambolena [[fary]] sy [[landihazo]] ny ankamaroan' ny Malagasy navarina tany ivelany. Nisy ny natao andevo an-trano. === Fifampivarotana eo an-tanàna === Nisy ny varotra sy ny fanakalozana andevo teo amin' ny samy olom-pehezin' ny fanjakana iray teto Madagasikara (andriana, hova, mpanankarena). Afaka nivarotra sy nividy ary nanakalo ny andevony tamin' ny olona hafa tao amin' io fanjakana io ny tompon' andevo. Matetika teny amin' ny tsena eo an-toerana na tamin' ny alalan' ny fifanarahana mivantana any an-trano teo amin' ny tompon' andevo no nanaovana ny fifampiraharahana. Anisan' ny anton' ny fifampivarotana andevo ny filàna vola na entana, sy ny fitadiavana mpiasa any amin' ny toeram-pambolena na amin' ny fikarakarana ao an-trano, ary ny fanefana trosa. Azo namidy ka natakalo vola, na omby, na lamba, na entana hafa ny andevo. == Fanafoanana ny varotra andevo == Niseho tsikelikely nandritra ny taonjato faha-19 ny fandrarana ny varotra andevo teto Madagasikara, tao amin' ny pôlitikan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakana Merina]] sy ny fanerena iraisam-pirenena, indrindra fa ny [[Britanika]]. === Ny fifanarahana tamin' ny taona 1817 === Ny fepetra lehibe voalohany dia ny fifanekena tamin' ny 23 Oktobra 1817, teo amin' ny mpanjaka merina [[Radama I]] sy ny governora britanika any Maorisy, [[Robert Townsend Farquhar]]. Nampanantena ny mpanjaka Radama I fa handrara ny fanondranana andevo avy eto Madagasikara. Nikendry indrindra ny hisakanana ny mpivarotra vahiny tsy hividy andevo malagasy halefa any amin' ny nosy [[Maskareina (tamba-nosy)|Maskarena]] sy any amin' ny zanatany hafa ity fanekena ity. Ho takalon' izany dia nampanantenain' ny Britanika fanampiana isan-taona ara-bola sy ara-pitaovam-piadiana ary ara-panohanana ara-diplômasia ny Fanjakana Merina. Nanamafy ny fahavonon' ny Fanjakana Merina handrara ny fivarotana andevo ny fifanarahana fanampiny nosoniavina tamin' ny taona 1820. Noraran' i Britanika mantsy ny fivarotana andevo tao amin' ny empirany tamin' ny taona 1807 ary nanao izay hisakanana izany taty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana|Ranomasimbe Indianina]] izy. Te hametra ny herin' ny [[Frantsa|Frantsay]] ao amin' ity faritra ity ihany koa ny Britanika ary te hanakana ny [[Zanatany frantsay taloha|zanatany frantsay]] tsy haka andevo eto Madagasikara. Tanjon-dRadama I kosa ny hanamafy ny fahefany amin' i Madagasikara manontolo sy hampanaraka fandrosoana ny fanjakany ary hametraka fifandraisana ara-diplômasia amin' ny firenena eorôpeana matanjaka ara-tafika. Na dia teo aza ny fandrarana ôfisialy dia tsy nanjavona avy hatrany ny varotra andevo. Nanohy nivarotra andevo mangingina ny mpanao izany. Mbola tafiditra tao anatin' ny tambajotran' ny varotra andevo aty amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indianina ny fanjakana amorontsiraka sasany ([[Fanjakana sakalava|Sakalava]], [[Fanjakana Betsimisaraka|Betsimisaraka]]). Niverina indray ny varotra andevo indraindray amin' ny fotoana mampitsahatra vetivety ny fanampian' ny Britanika. === Fepetra vaovao tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 === Nisy fanapahan-kevitra maromaro taty aoriana izay nanamafy ny fanafoanana ny varotra andevo. Tamin' ny 1869, tao amin' ny Fanjakana Merina, dia nisy fepetra noraisina mba handrarana ny fanafarana andevo vahiny, indrindra fa ny babo antsoina hoe [[Makoa (malagasy)|Makoa]] (na [[Masombika]]) avy ao [[Môzambika]] sy ny manodidina. Tamin’ ny taona 1877 dia nanafaka tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ny Masombika, izay andevo nohafarana avy ao [[Afrika Atsinanana]], ny fitondram-panjakana merina. Nikendry ny hampitsahatra tsikelikely ny varotra andevo iraisam-pirenena ao amin' ny fanjakany ireo fanapahan-kevitra ireo. Tsy tanteraka anefa ny fanafoanana ôfisialy ny fanandevozana teto Madagasikara raha tsy tamin' ny fanjanahantany frantsay tamin' ny taona 1896. == Fivavahana sy fanandevozana teto Madagasikara == === Fivavahan-drazana === Nametraka sy nanamarina ny anjara toerana sy ny satan' ny andevo ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahana sy ny finoana nentim-paharazana malagasy]] teo amin' ny lafiny ara-pombafomba sy ara-môraly ary ara-piarahamonina. ==== Kôsmôlôjia sy ambaratonga teo amin' ny fiarahamonina ==== Ao amin' ny [[kôsmôlôjia nentim-paharazana malagasy]] dia mirindra araka ny firazanana sy ny toerana misy ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] ny fiarahamonina. Nitana ny toerana farany ambany ny andevo, indrindra amin' ny fanatanterahana fombafomba lehibe. Tsy ara-piarahamonina fotsiny ny fanilikilihana fa teo amin' ny lamin' ny eran-tany sy eran-danitra, mba hanehoana ny "fahadiovana" sy ny voninahitry ny firazanan' ny olona afaka (ny [[hova]] sy ny [[andriana]]). Vokatr' izany dia voafetra ny fandraisana anjaran' ny andevo amin' ny fombafomba mahakasika ny razana. Tsy azony atao na voafetra ny fandraisany anjara amin' ny lanonana ara-pivavahana sasany. Tsy nanan-jo amin' ny fampiasana na fananana [[fasana]] angataham-pitahiana izy ireo. ==== Fombafomba mahakasika ny andevo ==== Amin' ny faritra sasany dia nahazo mandray anjara amin' ny fanatanterahana fombafomba ny andevo, nefa amin' ny maha mpandray anjara irakiraka sy ambany azy fa tsy mpandray anjara fototra velively. Nisy ny [[fady]] izay nanakana ny andevo tsy hiditra amin' ny toerana masina sasany na hikasika zavatra sasany ampiasaina amin' ny fombafomba. Any amin' ny faritra sasany dia afaka mandray anjara an-kolaka amin' ny fanatanteraha fombafomba ny andevo, ohatra amin' ny alalan' ny fanomezana an' ohatra ho an' ny fianakavian' ny tompony na ho an' ny taranaka misy ny tompony. ==== Adidy eo amin' ny fiarahamonina ==== Nametraka fomba fijery ara-môraly momba ny antanantohatra ny fivavahana nentim-paharazana: manana adidy hiaro ny andevony ny tompony. Tsy maintsy nankatò ny andevo ho fanehoana ny lamina kôsmika. Ninoana ho "[[lahatra]]" mifamatotra amin' ny firazanana na amin' ny trosan' ny fianakaviana ny sata misy ny andevo. ==== Fivavahan-drazana manoloana ny fanafoanana ny fanandevozana ==== Tsy nanova ny satan' ny andevo teo amin' ny ambaratongam-piarahamonina izay napetraky ny finoana nentim-paharazana ny fanafoanana ny fanandevozana nataon' ny Frantsay tamin' ny taona 1896. Voailikilika tsy handray anjara amin' ny fombafomba ny taranaky ny andevo taloha sasany, na dia efa afaka araka ny lalàna aza. Nasiam-panamboarana ny fanao ara-pivavahana sasany mba hahafahan' ny andevo taloha tao amin' ny fiarahamonina sasany, nefa matetika amin' ny fomba voafetra. Mbola mipetraka ny tsy fahahan' ny taranak' andevo hifanambady amin' ny taranaky ny olona afaka. === Kristianisma === Tamin' ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka teto [[Madagasikara]] (tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 indrindraindrindra), dia nisy fiantraikany lalina teo amin' ny sata sy ny fitondrana ny andevo ny fampidirana sy ny fielezan' ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|kristianisma]] prôtestana sy ny katôlika. ==== Prôtestantisma ==== Niteraka fiovam-po teo amin' ny [[hova]] sy ny [[andriana]] merina sasany ny fahatongavan' ny misiônera prôtestanta britanika (''[[London Missionary Society]]'') tao [[Antananarivo]]. Nitory ny fitovian' ny mpino rehetra eo anatrehan' [[Andriamanitra (tokana)|Andriamanitra]] ny misiônera. Izany dia nifanohitra amin' ny fisian' ny ambaratongam-piarahamonina nentim-paharazana izay nametraka ny andevo ho ambany indrindra. Afaka nandray anjara tamin' ny fanompoam-pivavahana sy namaky [[Baiboly]] ampahibemaso ary natao [[batisa]] ny andevo. Nahafahan' ny zanak' andevo nianatra mamaky teny sy manoratra ny fisian' ny sekolin' ny misiônera. Lalana voalohany nahafahan' ny andevo hiova ho amin' ny toerana tsara kokoa ara-piarahamonina sy ara-kolontsaina ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|prôtestantisma]], lalana izay sarotra nidirana tao amin' ny fiarahamonina nentim-paharazana. Na dia eo aza izany fitoviana eo anatrehan' Andriamanitra izany dia nitohy ihany ny fanavakavahana nahazo ny andevo. Mbola natao an-jorom-bala ny andevo tamin' ny fahazoana fahefana. ==== Katôlisisma ==== Tonga ny misiônera katôlika frantsay tatỳ aoriana nitondra ny [[Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina (Madagasikara)|katôlisisma]] ary nifantoka tamin' ny faritra manodidina an' [[Antananarivo]] sy ny faritra amorontsiraka. Nitovitovy amin' ny an' ny Prôtestanta ny fomba fiasan' izy ireo: fampianaram-pivavahana sy fampianarana mamaky teny sy manoratra, saingy tsy dia mifandray mivantana amin' ny tao an-dapan' ny mpanjaka. Nanolotra sehatra hafa nahafaha-mampiditra ny andevo hifaneraserana amin' ny mpiara-belona tsy an-kanavaka ny sekoly katôlika. Nampiasain' ny tompon' andevo sasany anefa ny fahefana ara-pivavahana katôlika mba hitazomana ny lamina nentim-paharazana sy ny fankatoavan' ny andevo. Maneho izany fa azo atao fitaovana mba hanamafisana ny fisian' ny ambaratongam-piarahamonina ny môraly kristiana. ==== Fifanoheran' ny idealy kristiana amin' ny antanantoha-panjakana ==== Indraindray ny misiônera dia nanakiana ny fanandevozana, saingy tsy nanafoana izany ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakana Merina]]. Niteraka disadisa teo amin' ny Fiangonana sy ny Fanjakana izany toe-javatra izany: nanambara ny fitoviana ara-môraly sy ara-panahy ny kristianisma, fa nanohy nampihatra ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy sy ny fiankinan-dohan' ny andevo kosa ny lamim-piarahamonina nentim-paharazana nankasitrahin' ny mpanjaka, indrindra tamin' ny andron-d[[Ranavalona I]] (1788-1861). Nihevitra Ranavalona I fa fanitsakitsahana ny fiandrianany ny fanao sy ny hevitra nampidirin' ny misiônera nitory ny [[fitovian' ny olombelona rehetra]] izay mifanohitra amin' ny fomba nolovaina hatramin' izay, dia ny fisian' ny saranga samihafa, indrindra ny fisian' ny [[fanandevozana]]. Tsy azo nomena fampianarana noho izany ny andevo nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1832 ary nanomboka nihamafy koa ny fanenjehana ny Kristiana. Tamin-d[[Ranavalona II]] (1868-1883) vao lasa [[fivavaham-panjakana]] tao an-dapa ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|prôtestantisma]]. ==== Vokatra maharitra ==== Matetika anisan' ny voalohany nahazo fianarana sy afaka namaky teny sy manoratra ny taranak' andevo niova ho Kristiana, ka nanamora ny fihatsaran' ny fiainany izany taorian' ny taona 1896 izay nanafoanan' ny Frantsay ny fanandevozana. Nitohy hatrany anefa ny fanavakavahana sy ny fanilikilihana na dia teo ny fitoviana ara-pivavahana izay notorin' ny misiônera sy ny Kristiana malagasy. === Silamo === Teto Madagasikara dia voafetra ny fiantraikan' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|finoana silamo]] teo amin' ny fiainan' ny andevo tamin' ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka, saingy nisy toe-javatra manokana, indrindra tany amin' ny morontsiraka andrefana sy avaratra-andrefana, izay nahitana fiarahamonina mozilmana. Tany amin' ny tanàna nisy seranan-tsambo ([[Mahajanga]], [[Nosy Be]], [[Maintirano]], [[Morondava]]) no niorenan' ny finoana silamo indrindra, tamin' ny alalan' ny mpivarotra [[Soahily (vahoaka)|soahily]] sy [[Arabo (vahoaka)|arabo]]. ==== Fampifanarahana amin' ny rafi-piarahamonina malagasy ==== Nampifanarahina tamin' ny rafitra ara-piarahamonina malagasy efa misy ny finoana silamo. Any amin' ny faritra sasany izay nandray ny finoana silamo eto Madagasikara, indrindra eo amin' ny foko [[Antemoro]] sy [[Antalaotra]], dia nisy ny andevo niasa an-trano sy niasa teny amin' ny toeram-pambolena. Tao koa ny mpivarotra mozilmana sasany izay nandray anjara amin' ny [[Fivarotana andevo|varotra andevo]] taty amin' ny faritra andrefan' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. ==== Fitoviana ara-panahy eo amin' ny samy Mozilmana ==== Tao amin' ny fiarahamonina silamo tany amorontsiraka dia afaka nivavaka sy nandray anjara tamin' ny fombafomba silamo (vavaka ''[[Vavaka dimy fanao isan' andro (silamo)|salat]]'', [[Ramadany]]) ny andevo, ka izany dia naneho ny endriky ny fitoviana ara-panahy eo anatrehan' i [[Allah]]. Nampianarina namaky [[Kor'any]] ny andevo sasany, indrindra raha nipetraka tao an-tranon' ny mpivarotra mozilmana nahay mamaky teny sy manoratra. Ny lalàna silamo indraindray dia mamela ny andevo hifanambady ara-dalàna amin' ny Mozilmana hafa ary hampita izany sata ara-pivavahana azony izany amin' ny zanany, izany dia tsy mitovy amin' ny fanao nentim-paharazana merina. Na dia teo aza ireo lafiny ara-pivavahana ireo dia nijanona teo amin' ny lafiny ara-piarahamonina ny maha andevo tao amin' ny tranon' ny tompony na tao amin' ny trano fanatobiana entana. Ny fahalalahana ara-panahy dia tsy midika foana hoe fitoviana eo amin' ny asa toy ny varotra sy ny fitantanana ary fanapahan-kevitra ao amin' ny fianakaviana. Tsy niala ny rohy mamatotra ny andevo amin' ny tompony  mandra-pamotsorana azy ireo. ==== Fisian' ny famotsorana andevo ==== Nisy ihany ny famotsorana andevo noho ny antony ara-pivavahana na ara-piarahamonina. Mamporisika ny fanafahana andevo ny finoana silamo ary mihevitra izany ho fihetsika mendrika ([[Fiteny arabo|arabo]]: صدقة / ''sadaqah''). Nanafaka ny andevony araka ny toromarika ara-pivavahana ny Mozilmana tompon' andevo sasany, ka nanokatra lalana mivantana kokoa amin' ny fiovana sata ara-piarahamonina ho an' ny taranaky ny andevo tany amin' ireo faritra amorontsiraka ireo. == Nandritra ny fanjanahantany == === Fanafoanana ny fanandevozana === Ny [[Fanafoanana ny fanandevozana|fanafoanana]] [[Fanafoanana ny fanandevozana|ôfisialy ny fanandevozana]] teto Madagasikara dia nambaran' ny fitondrana mpanjanaka frantsay notarihin' ny governora jeneraly [[Joseph Simon Gallieni|Joseph Gallieni]] tamin' ny 12 Septambra 1896, taorian' ny fandresen' ny Frantsay ny Fanjakana Merina. Nihatra manerana an' i Madagaskara izany nefa nisy faritra lavitra sasany na nandry vao haingana izay tsy voafehin' ny fitondrana frantsay. === Vokatr' izany teo amin' ny andevo taloha === Ny vokatra mivantana voalohany dia ny fanafahana andevo marobe izay nahaforona ampahany betsaka amin' ny mponina. Lasa olona afaka ara-dalàna ny andevo ka nitsahatra ny maha fananana azy ireo; afaka nivezivezy sy nifidy ny toerana hipetrahany izy ireo. === Vokatr' izany teo amin' ny toekaren' ny Malagasy === Ny fanandevozana dia niankinan' ny toe-karena talohan' ny fanjanahantany, indrindra ny fambolena sy ny asa an-trano ary ny asam-panjakana sasany. Rehefa nofoanana ny fanandevozana dia maro ny andevo afaka nandao ny tanin' ny tompony taloha; ny sasany nanorim-ponenana tany an-toeran-kafa mba hiaina mahaleo tena; ny hafa nandao ny asa fambolena. Ny vokatr' izany dia ny tsy fahampian' ny mpiasa ho an' ny tompon-tany teo aloha sy ny fikorontan' ny rafi-pamokarana sy ny toe-karena. === Vokatr' izany teo amin' ny rafi-piarahamonina === Nofoanana ny sarangam-poko andevo nefa tsy nanjavona tanteraka ny fanavahana ara-tsôsialy taloha. Matetika ny taranaky ny andevo no niharan' ny fanilikilihana sy fanavakavahana ara-piarahamonina. Na izany aza dia afaka nianatra ny zanak' izy ireo. Nitombo be ny isan' ny ankizy niditra an-tsekoly. Izany dia nanampy tamin' ny fielezan' ny fampianarana. === Fahafahana mandray anjara amin' ny pôlitika === Ny fananganana ny [[Parti des déshérités de Madagascar]] (PADESM) tamin' ny taona 1946 dia nahitana taratra ny fidiran' ny taranaky ny andevo taloha amin' ny raharaha pôlitika tany afovoan' i Madagasikara. Taranaky ny andevo taloha sy [[tanindrana]] izay nanjakazakan' ny [[hova]] sy ny [[andriana]] merina tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 ny mpikambana tao amin' ity antoko pôlitika ity. Nahatsapa ho voailikilika izy ireo teo amin' ny lafiny ara-tsôsialy sy ara-pitantanana ary ara-toekarena. Nanohitra ny [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache|Mouvement démocratique de la rénovation malgache]] (MDRM) ny PADESM izay nanahy ny amin' ny mety hahatonga ny fahaleovantena ho fomba iray hiverenan' ny fanjakazakan' ny hova sy ny andriana merina indray. Nandritra ny [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|fikomiana malagasy tamin' ny taona 1947]] dia an' arivony ny mpikambana tao amin' ny PADESM no matin' ny mpomba ny MDRM. == Taorian' ny nahazoana ny fahaleovantena == Taorian' ny nahazoan' i Madagasikara fahaleovantena tamin' ny taona 1960 dia nahazo ny fitovian-jo ny olom-pirenena rehetra, anisan' izany ny taranaky ny andevo taloha. Mbola voamariky ny lova navelan' ny fanandevozana anefa ny tena toe-piainan' izy ireo. === Fitoviana eo anatrehan' ny lalàna fotsiny === Ny [[Repoblika Malagasy]], izay nambara tamin' ny taona 1960, dia manamafy ny fitovian' ny olom-pirenena malagasy rehetra. Tsy manana sata ara-dalàna intsony ny sokajy taloha toy ny andriana sy ny hova ary ny andevo (izay efa nofoan' ny mpanjanaka rahateo). Na izany aza, ny fiheverana ara-piarahamonina nolovaina tamin' ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka sy tamin' ny fanjanahantany dia mbola mitohy. Miteraka fanilikilihana eo amin' ny fiarahamonina ny maha taranaka andevo teo aloha, indrindra any amin' ny faritra afovoany eto Madagasikara. Mifandray mafy amin' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] sy ny firazanana mantsy ny sata ara-piarahamonina nentim-paharazana malagasy. === Fanilikilihana ara-piarahamonina === Ny taranaky ny andevo dia mbola miatrika endrika fanilikilihana isan-karazany: indraindray heverina ho olona maloto na ambany izy ireo any amin' ny faritra sasany. Misy ny mampiasa ny fiaviana ho fepetra an-kolaka ho enti-manilikilika. Ny taranaky ny andevo taloha dia mety ho voailika ao amin' ny fikambanana sasany. === Tsy fitoviana ara-toekarena amin' ny ankapobeny === Any amin' ny faritra ambanivohitra maro, matetika ny taranaky ny andevo taloha dia anisan' ny vahoaka mahantra indrindra eo amin' ny fiarahamonina. Mbola miasa tanin' olon-kafa mba hifampizarana ny vokatra na mpiasa miankina amin' ny taranaky ny tompon-tany taloha izy ireo. Ny fahazoana tany honenana sy hamokarana sy ny fahazoana loharanon-karena ho enti-mamokatra dia mbola tsy mitovy, satria ny ankamaroan' ny tany dia an' ny taranaky ny olona afaka na andriana taloha. === Paikady hanatsarany ny toe-piainany === Mba hialana amin' izany fanilikilihana izany dia namolavola paikady ara-piarahamonina isan-karazany ny taranaky ny andevo taloha: famoronana fasam-pianakaviana vaovao mba hamoronana firazanana azo ekena; fananganana rohim-pihavanana amin' ny alalan' ny firaisan-kina sy ny fifanambadiana mba hahazoana satam-piarahamonina eken' ny mpiaramonina kokoa; fifindrà-monina any an-tanàn-dehibe mba tsy hampisongadina loatra ny fiaviana. Nanomboka tamin' ny taonampolo 1970 dia nisy ihany koa taranak' andevo niezaka nanao fikambanana ara-pôlitika. Ohatra, ny hetsika [[ZOAM]] tao Antananarivo dia nampivondrona ny tanora avy amin' ny vakin-tanàna sahirana ahitana betsaka ny taranaky ny andevo taloha ary niampanga ny fanavakavahana hita teo amin' ny sehatry ny fanabeazana sy ny asa. == Fitenenanana momba ny andevo == === Ohabolana === Indreto ny [[ohabolana]] malagasy sasany ahitana ny teny hoe "andevo": * Andevolahy diso rasa: ny [[taim-boraka]] no avadibadika. * Andevolahy mamono tompo mangina: voky [[hena]] indray alina, fa hiongo-belona herintaona. * Andevolahy [[Fampirafesana|mampirafy]]: intelo mihosina ampombo. * Andevolahy manavo-tena: manao [[amberivatry]] mitain-tenany. * Andevolahy maty hariva, ka [[Vovò (feo)|vovo]]<nowiki/>n' [[alika]] no anjara [[tafondro]]<nowiki/>ny. * Andevolahy miady [[tsinain-kena]], ka voin-tenan' izay tsy maharirotra. * Andevolahy mielo, ka manampina ny anjara-masoandrony. * Andevo maro tompo, ka mifidy ny avo tokonana. * Aza manao andevolahy mahay [[valiha]]: asaina manao, tsy mety; nony tsy irahina, manao. * Aza manao fanambadian' andevo. * Toy ny [[hanina]] omena andevo: "Tian-kano, tsy tian-kano" * Hovalahy [[Famosaviana|mamosavy]] andevolahy, ka misolo ny entan-kitainy. * Izay hajaina tsy ho [[andriana]] tsy akory, ary izay manaja tsy ho andevo tsy akory; ka tsara ny mifanaja. * Lavi-dingana hoatry ny andevolahy [[Sikidy (malagasy)|misikidy]] ho [[andriana]]. == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Abinal & Victor Malzac, ''Histoire de Madagascar'', Antananarivo, 1888. * C. André, ''De l’esclavage à Madagascar'', Paris, A. Rousseau, 1899. * David Graeber, ''Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar'', Indiana University Press, 2007. * De la Vaissière, Camille; Abinal, Antoine (1885). ''Vingt ans à Madagascar: colonisation, traditions historiques, moeurs et croyances''. Paris: V. Lecoffre. <nowiki>ISBN 3-540-63293-X</nowiki>. * Fred Ramiandrasoa, "Un aperçu sur la vie quotidienne des esclaves en Imerina au XIXᵉ siècle", ''L'esclavage à Madagascar'', Antananarivo, Institut de Civilisations, 1997. * G. A. Rantoandro, "Après l’esclavage à Madagascar : le devenir immédiat des esclaves émancipés", ''L’esclavage à Madagascar'', Antananarivo, Institut de Civilisations, 1997. * Gwyn Campbell, "Madagascar and Mozambique in the Slave Trade of the Western Indian Ocean (1800-1861)", ''Slavery & Abolition'', 1988. * Gwyn Campbell, "Madagascar and the Slave Trade, 1810-1895", ''Journal of African History'', 1983-1984. * Gwyn Campbell, "Slavery and Fanompoana: The Structure of Forced Labour in Imerina (1790-1861)", ''Journal of African History'', 1988. * Gwyn Campbell, ''An Economic History of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: The Rise and Fall of an Island Empire'', Cambridge University Press, 2005. * Hubert Deschamps, ''Histoire de Madagascar'', Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1972. * Ignace Rakoto & Sylvain Urfer, ''Esclavage et libération à Madagascar'', Paris, Karthala, 2014. * Ignace Rakoto, ''La route des esclaves : système servile et traite dans l'Est malgache'', Paris, L'Harmattan, 2001. * Kus, Susan (1995). "Sensuous human activity and the state: towards an archaeology of bread and circuses". In Miller, Daniel; Rowlands, Michael (eds.). ''Domination and Resistance''. London: Psychology Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-415-12254-2</nowiki>. * Paul E. Lovejoy, ''The Ideology of Slavery in Africa'', Beverly Hills, Sage Publications, 1981. * Paul Ottino, ''Les champs de l'ancestralité à Madagascar : parenté, alliance et patrimoine'', Paris, Karthala-ORSTOM, 1998. * Pier Martin Larson, ''Slavery in Central Madagascar: Imerina During the Nineteenth Century'', University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. * Raison-Jourde, Françoise (1983). ''Les souverains de Madagascar''. Paris: Karthala Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-86537-059-7</nowiki>. * Raymond K. Kent, ''Early Kingdoms in Madagascar (1500-1700)'', New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. * Suzanne Miers & Martin Klein (dir.), ''Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa'', London, Frank Cass, 1999. * Suzanne Miers & Richard Roberts (dir.), ''The End of Slavery in Africa'', Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. == Jereo koa == * [[Fanandevozana]] == Loharano sy fanamarihana == qowxmdvlqw5urllk5o8oqdv7da5xk7p 0 281727 1146998 1124700 2026-07-07T10:31:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Siteny kere.jpg |anarana=Siteny Thierry Randrianasoloniaiko |teraka=27 Jolay 1972 |maty= |firenena=Madagasikara |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} I '''Siteny Thierry Randrianasoloniaiko''' dia mpanao pôlitika sy mpandraharaha malagasy, izay efa [[solombavambahoaka]]<nowiki/>n' i [[Madagasikara]], teraka tao [[Toliara]] tamin' ny 27 Jolay 1972, efa filohan' ny Vondrona Afrikanan' ny Judo (2023) sy efa filoha lefitry ny Federasiôna Iraisam-Pirenen' ny Judo (2023). Lany ho solombavambahoakan' i Madagasikara eo ambany fanevan' ny IRD (Isika rehetra miaraka amin' i Andry Rajoelina)<ref><small>"[https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8113-2023-06-06-09-13-37.html Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko. Un Président de l'UAJ jetant aux orties les statuts de cette entité sportive continentale] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8113-2023-06-06-09-13-37.html |date=20230930133155 }}", ''www.madagate.org''</small></ref> tamin' ny taona 2013 sy 2019. Kandidà amin' ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena malagasy tamin' ny taona 2023 koa izy. Lany ho solombavambahoaka indray izy tamin' ny taona 2024. == Zotram-piainana == === Fahazazana sy fanabeazana === Avy amin' ny fianakaviana tsotra izy ary lehibe tao Tsianengea, ao [[Toliara]]. Teo amin' ny faha-12 taonany dia nahita judo izy. I Siteny Ebara no rainy ary i Ravaomaria. 14 izy ireo no iray tampo, ka i Siteny no fahatelo. Teo amin' ny faha-20 taonany, taorian' ny nahafatesan-drainy, dia niditra tao amin' ny sehatry ny asa fameloman-tena izy (fiitaterana rano sy fampanofana elo eny an-tsena, avy eo fivarotana firavaka). Taorian' ny fianarany tany [[Afrika Atsimo]] sy ny fiofanany tany [[Etazonia]] dia niverina teto [[Madagasikara]] izy ka nanangana orinasa manokana momba ny fifandraisan-davitra sy ny haino aman-jery, mpamatsy karatra an-tariby manokana ho an’ ny mpandraharaha Airtel manerana an' i Madagasikara. === Fiainany manokana === I Siteny Thierry Randrianasoloniaiko dia manambady an' i Daniela Siteny, avy any Bourgas any [[Bolgaria]], izay nifankahita taminy tany [[Afrika Atsimo]] tamin' ny taona 2001. Manan-janaka 5 izy ireo. === Fandraharahana === Namorona ny fahitalavitra ''TV Plus'' de Toliara tamin' ny taona 2012, avy eo nanagana radio tamin' ny taona 2013 ary fahitalavitra indray tamin' ny taona 2018, tao Toliara ihany koa. Tamin' io taona io ihany koa no nananganany ny ''British School of Madagascar'' tao [[Antananarivo]]. === Fanatanjahan-tena === Imbetsaka izy no tompondakan' i Madagasikara ary voafantina imbetsaka teo anivon' ny ekipam-pirenena malagasin' ny taranja [[judo]] nanomboka ny taona 1990, izy no mpanazatra nasionaly talohan’ ny naha-filohan' ny [[Federasiôna Malagasin' ny Judo]] ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Fédération malgache de Judo'') azy tamin' ny taona 2009. Izy koa no filohan' ny [[Kômity Ôlimpika Malagasy]] (frantsay: ''Comité olympique malgache''). Izy no nitarika ny fikarakarana ny fiadiana ny ho tompondakan' i Afrika eo amin' ny taranja judo teto Antananarivo ny tamin' ny taona 2017 sy 2020. Nandrombaka fadresena izy tamin' ny fifidianana azy ho filohan' ny [[Vondrona Afrikanan' ny Judo]] (frantsay: ''Union africaine de judo'') tamin' ny 18 Mey 2021 ary lasa filoha lefitry ny [[Federasiôna Iraisam-Pirenen' ny Judo]] (frantsay: ''Fédération internationale de judo'') tamin' io fotoana io ihany. === Fanaovana pôlitika === Solombavam-bahoaka voafidy tao amin' ny fari-pifidianana voalohan' i Toliara, amin' ny anaran' ny tenany tsy miankina amin' antoko tamin' ny taona 2013, i Siteny no nitana ny toeran' ny kestora voalohany tao amin' ny [[Antenimierampirenena (Madagasikara)|Antenimierampirenena]]. Voafidy indray ho solombavambahoakan' i Madagasikara izy tamin' ny taona 2019. Nanohitra mafy ny tetikasa fitrandrahana atao hoe ''[[Base Toliara]]'', izay heveriny fa hanimba ny [[tontolo iainana]], araka ny nambarany, izy. Lany ho solombavambahoaka' i Toliara izy tamin' ny taona 2024 tao amin' ny Firaisankina<ref>[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Resultats-officiels-des-legislatives-du-29-mai-2024.html La Tribune:Résultats officiels des législatives du 29 mai 2024]</ref> == Loharano sy fanamarihana == {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika malagasy]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka malagasy]] [[Sokajy:Judoka malagasy]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1972]] azn08aathokw10lgghy2os907nkhxqt 0 282008 1146968 1145203 2026-07-06T19:20:57Z Gaël RALANTONIRINA 35834 1146968 wikitext text/x-wiki Elie Rajaonarison (15 Novambra 1951 – 27 Novambra 2010) dia poeta, mpanakanto, mpampianatra ary mpiasam-panjakana avy eto Madagasikara . Noheverina ho mpitondra ny fanevan'ny tononkalo Malagasy maoderina ity mpanoratra ity <ref name="Fute2008">Auzias & Labourdette (2008), p. 142</ref>, ny angon-tononkalo navoakan'i Rajaonarison dia nahazoany fankatoavana iraisam-pirenena ary efa nadika tamin'ny teny frantsay sy anglisy. {{infobox olona |Sary:Elie Rajaonarison Malagasy Poet.jpg |anarana=Elie Rajaonarison |teraka=15 Novambra 1951 |maty=27 Novambra 2010 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |mpiaraka= |asa= [[Mpanoratra]] [[Mpampianatra]] }} == Fiainana manokana == I '''Elie Rajaonarison''' dia mpanoratra malagasy, teraka tamin' ny 15 novambra 1951 tao [[Ambatondrazaka]]. Niteraka telo vavy tamin'i Mamisoa Ramananarivo izy <ref name="Madagate">{{cite web |date=November 27, 2010 |title=Elie Rajaonarison nous a quittés ce samedi 27 novembre 2010 |url=http://www.madagate.com/monde-malgache/articles/1599-elie-rajaonarison-nous-a-quittes-ce-samedi-27-novembre-2010.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |publisher=Madagate.com |language=French, Malagasy |archive-date=2010-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130052305/http://www.madagate.com/monde-malgache/articles/1599-elie-rajaonarison-nous-a-quittes-ce-samedi-27-novembre-2010.html }}</ref><ref>https://poetawebs.e-monsite.com/pages/sorapiainana/page-55-1.html</ref>. Ny 27 novambra 2010 no nodimandry teo amin'ny faha 59 taonany i Elie Rajaonarison <ref name="Madagate" /><ref>https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/actualites/poete-universitaire-nodimandry-i-elie-rajaonarison-2714.php</ref>. == Asa soratra sy sangan'asa == Poeta sy mpanoratra ary niaro tanteraka ny [[Kolontsaina malagasy|kolontsaina]] sy [[Fomban-drazana malagasy|fomba malagasy]] ny tenany. Amin'ireo mpanoratra nanangana ny [[Faribolana Sandratra]] mba ho fampiroborobona ny poezia teo anivon'ny tanora<ref name="Iowa">{{cite web |title=International Writing Program: Elie RAJAONARISON |url=http://iwp.uiowa.edu/writers/elie-rajaonarison |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417081730/http://iwp.uiowa.edu/writers/elie-rajaonarison |archivedate=April 17, 2012 |accessdate=January 22, 2012 |publisher=University of Iowa}}</ref>. Voalaza ho nanaitra sy nisarika poeta sy mpanankato malagasy maro noho ny fisehony matetika nitondra ireo sangan'asany, tao amin'ny Centre Germano-Malgache (CGM) tao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name="MidiMada">{{cite news|last=Rabe|first=Patrice|publisher=Midi Madagasikara|title=Disparition d'Elie Rajaonarison - Un géant de la littérature malgache s'en est allé|date=November 29, 2010|url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201011300454.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205104602/http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201011300454.html|archivedate=December 5, 2010|accessdate=January 22, 2012|language=French|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Samoëla, mpihira malagasy, dia nanonona an'i [[Elie Rajaonarison]] tamin'ny hira mitondra ny lohateny hoe "Soly" tao amin'ny rakikirany voalohany, sy Mampirevy (1997), izay nanoro hevitra ireo manana fo sahirana mba hahita fampiononana ao amin'ny tononkalony ("Omeko anao ny tononkalon'i Elie Rajaonarison..."). Maro ny tononkalo nosoranan'i [[Jacques Prévert]] no nadikany tamin'ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]]<ref name="Madagate" />. Mpanoratra [[tantara an-tsehatra]] koa, I Elie Rajaonarison, anisany nahafatarana azy ilay tantara mitondra ny lohanteny hoe ''Tana-Cergy'' izay notontosain'ny andiana mpilalao sarimihetsika [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] sy Frantsay ary nitety an'i Frantsa ary nahazo laza tsara tamin'izany<ref name=":0">Chataigner, Jean-Marc. "Disparition d'Elie RAJAONARISON, lettre de condoléances de Jean-Marc CHATAIGNER, Ambassadeur de France (30.11.10)" (in French). Ambassade et Consulat Général de France à Madagascar. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2012.</ref>. Mba hampielezana ny Malagasy amin'ny tontolon'ny teatra, dia nanao fandikana ny asa soratr'i [[Bernard-Marie Koltès]] avy amin'ny teny frantsay ho amin'ny teny Malagasy i Rajaonarison ary nahomby izany<ref name="Madagate" />. Ny fakana sary nataony, dia nahazoany laza teo amin'ny sehatry ny zavakanto<ref name="Madagate" />. Nanoratra sy nitarika sarimihetsika maromaro izy<ref name="Fute2008" />, ary niara-niasa tamin'ireo mpanakanto hafa liana mba hanangana ny Komitin'ny Firenena Malagasy ao amin'ny ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) mba hiarovana ny lova ara-kolontsaina sy ara-tantara azo tsapain-tanana an'i Madagasikara<ref name="Iowa" />. == Asa sy fikambanana == Niasa ho Sekiretera Jeneralin'ny Minisitry ny Kolontsaina i Rajaonarison tamin'ny taona 1990 teo ambany fitondran'ny Filoha Albert Zafy<ref name=":0" />, ary mpikambana taloha tao amin'ny antoko politika AVI niaraka tamin'i Norbert Ratsirahonana<ref name="Madagate" />. Profesora tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Madagasikara tao Ankatso, Antananarivo, nandritra ny 25 taona mahery izy, ary nasandratra ho lehiben'ny sampana haifiarahamonina tamin'ny asany. Nifantoka tamin'ny kolontsaina, tantara, zavakanto ary fomba fijery izao tontolo izao ny fianarany sy ny fikarohany. Fantatra tamin'ny finoany lalina, ny fitiavany an'i Madagasikara, ary ny toetrany mafana izy<ref name="MidiMada" /><ref name=":0" />. == Jereo koa == * [[David Jaomanoro]] * [[Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo]] * [[Jacques Rabemananjara]] * [[Jean-Luc Raharimanana]] * [[Michèle Rakotoson]] * [[Dox (Jean Verdi Salomon Razakandrainy)|Dox]] * [[Naivoharison Patrick Ramanmonjisoa]] * [[Lucien Xavier Michel Andrianarahinjaka|Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka]] * [[Esther Nirina]] * [[Hajasoa Vololona Picard]] * [[Charlotte-Arrisoa Rafenomanjato]] * [[Pastora Rahajason]] * [[Elie Rajaonarison]] * [[Ny Avana Ramanantoanina]] * [[Flavien Ranaivo]] * [[Esther Razana]] * [[Samuel Ratany]] * [[Lisitry ny mpanoratra malagasy]] == Loharano == [[Sokajy:mpanoratra malagasy]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1951]] fv3x8dvb6srisv9yp6b1u1m9v0xxbxl 0 283601 1146990 1145097 2026-07-07T08:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox olona|anarana=Rabarioelina Ndriana|teraka=1963|firenena=Madagasikara|asa=Mpahay tantara|asa hafa=Mpikaroka Teôlôjiana|sary=Rabarioelina Ndriana01}} Ny Andriana '''Rabarioelina''' Ndriana dia [[Teôlôjia|teôlôjiana]] [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|prôtestanta malagasy]], teraka tamin' ny taona 1963, ao amin' ny fokon' [[andriana]] [[merina]] avy ao [[Ambohimalaza]], ao [[Antananarivo]], renivohitr' i [[Madagasikara]]. Zanaky ny Profesora sy Dokotera Lala Rabarioelina, izay nodimandry tamin' ny taona 2023 teo amin' ny faha-93 taonany, izy<ref name=":2"><small>"[https://tanikomadagascar.com/2023/02/18/faculte-de-medecine-dantananarivo-deces-du-professeur-lala-rabarioelina/ Faculté de médecine d’Antananarivo – Décès du professeur Lala Rabarioelina]", ''Taniko Madagasikara'', publié le 18 février 2023, mis à jour le 16 septembre 2024,</small> </ref>. Milaza izy fa voahosotra sy nohamasinina ho Mpanjakan' Imerina sy Mpanjakan' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 2015 ary miasa amin' ny tokony hamerenana ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]] indray<ref name=":6"><small>"[https://www.koolsaina.com/royaume-de-madagascar-monarchie-interview-ndriana-rabarioelina-ibc-television/#comments Les solutions proposées par Ndriana Rabarioelina à travers le retour à la monarchie]", ''www.koolsaina.com''</small></ref><ref name=":3"><small>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnzKEvBocnA&t=1s Les solutions proposées par Ndriana Rabarioelina à travers le retour à la monarchie]" (Video), ''Youtube''</small></ref><ref><small>[[FANJAKAN’ I MADAGASIKARA|Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]], ''mg.wikipedia.org''</small></ref>. Indreto koa ny lafin-javatra ahafantarana azy: nianatra fiteny maro (anisan' izany ny [[Fiteny hebreo|teny hebreo]]), manana maripahaizana dôktôrà roa momba ny [[teôlôjia]] tany [[Etazonia]]. Nianatra nitendry [[gitara klasika]] koa izy<ref><small>[https://conservatoire-cnsmm-madagascar.blogspot.com/2021/06/ndriana-rabarioelina-travel-with.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Pr. Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina: "...Travel with the classical guitar ..."], Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar, 4 juin 2021.</small></ref>. Nanohanana tsangan-kevitra nampitondrainy ny lohateny hoe ''[[Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar]]'' izy<ref><small>"[https://stalcuinhouseseminary.academia.edu/RevDrNdrianaRABARIOELINA?utm_source=chatgpt.com Prince Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina]", ''stalcuinhouseseminary.academia.edu''</small></ref>, izay miompana amin' ny fifandraisana ara-[[Baiboly]] eo amin' i [[Fanjakan' i Israely (mitambatra)|Israely]] sy i [[Madagasikara]], ary koa amin' ny niandohan' ny olombelona, ​​ka nikarohany ny fifandraisan' ny [[sivilizasiôna]] maro fahiny sy ny [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara|tantara malagasy]]. Filoha mpanorina sy mpikambana ao amin' ny ''Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar'' izy<ref name=":8" />. == Zotram-piainany == === Ny ray aman-dreniny === Teraka tamin' ny taona 1963 izy, zanaky ny profesora Lala Rabarioelina sy Rajerison Victorine<ref><small>"[https://gw.geneanet.org/taniko?lang=es&n=rabarioelina&p=ndriana Ndriana Rabarioelina]", ''gw.geneanet.org''</small></ref>, izay samy [[andriana]]<ref><small>"[https://mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com/2020/12/tantaran-ny-andriana-eto-madagasikara.html? Tantaran' ny Andriana eto madagasikara]", ''mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>. I Lala Rabarioelina dia Docteur en Médecine (nianatra tany amin' ny Faculté de Médecine de [[Montpellier]]), mpandidy (major du Concours de chirurgie tany [[Frantsa]]), Professeur Agrégé de Chirurgie Générale (Paris, Frantsa), Professeur Emérite de l'Université (Oniversiten' i Madagasikara), Grand Chancelier de l'Ordre National de Madagascar<ref><small>"[https://tanikomadagascar.com/2023/02/18/faculte-de-medecine-dantananarivo-deces-du-professeur-lala-rabarioelina/ Faculté de médecine d’Antananarivo – Décès du professeur Lala Rabarioelina]", ''tanikomadagascar.com''</small></ref>. Rajerison Victorine renin' i Ndriana Rabarioelina kosa dia manana ny diplôma ambony amin' ny haizaitra (diplôme de Haute Couture de Paris). === Ny fianarana norantoviny === Nahazo ny diplôma ''baccalauréat série C'' ([[matematika]] sy [[fizika]]) tao amin' ny [[Académie d' Aix-Marseille]] ('''''[[:fr:Académie_d'Aix-Marseille|fr]]''''') tany [[Frantsa]] izy, sy ny ''Licence en Théologie'' ary nahavita ''Master en Théologie'' tao amin' ny [[Faculté Libre de Théologie Réformée na Faculté Jean-Calvin]] ('''''[[:fr:Faculté_Jean-Calvin|fr]]''''') tao Aix-en-Provence any [[Frantsa]]. Nandalina fitantanana orinasa tao amin' ny [[Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris]] (ESCP-Senior, Paris, 1994) ('''''[[:fr:ESCP_Business_School|fr]]''''') ary nandalim-pahaizana momba ny [[vatosoa]] tao amin' ny [[Gemological Institute of America]] (GIA, 2003, 2005) ('''''[[:en:Gemological_Institute_of_America|en]]''''') ary laharana voalohany mikasika ny [[diamondra]] tamin' ny mpiara-mianatra aminy. [[Teôlôjia|Teôlôjiana]] i Ndriana Rabarioelina<ref><small>"[https://stalcuinhouseseminary.academia.edu/RevDrNdrianaRABARIOELINA? Prince Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina]", S''t Alcuin House Seminary Academia''</small></ref> sady mpikaroka tantara koa<ref name=":9"><small>"[https://royal-academy-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/2017/11/iii-members-of-royal-academy-of.html Some members of the Royal Academy of Science of Madagascar]", ''royal-academy-of-madagascar.blogspot.com''</small></ref>. Nanao fikarohana izy ka nahazo ny diplôma ''PhD in Theology'' tamin' ny fanohanany ny [[tsangan-kevitra]] hoe "''[[Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar]]''" na "Ny fifandraisana ara-Baiboly eo amin' i Israely sy i Madagasikara" (''PhD'', Doctoral Dissertation, Saint Alcuin House Theological Seminary, USA, 2010, 458 pejy) mikasika ny "Tantara miafin' i Madagasikara nandritra ny telo arivo taona mahery" ary nahazo ny diplôma ''Doctor of Theology'' tamin' ny fanohanany ny [[tsangan-kevitra]] mitondra ny lohateny hoe "''[[Madagascar in the Last Vestiges of the Birthplace of Humanity]]''" na "I Madagasikara, ao amin' ny sisa tavela amin' ny toerana nahaterahan' ny olombelona" (''D.Theol''., Doctoral Dissertation, Saint Alcuin House Seminary, USA, 2016, 638 pejy) mikasika ny "Tantara miafin' i Madagasikara nandritra ny enina arivo taona mahery". Nianatra sy nampitaha tenim-pirenena mihoatra ny roa ambin' ny folo koa izy ([[Fiteny malagasy|malagasy]], [[Fiteny hebreo|hebreo]], [[Fiteny arameana|arameana]], [[Fiteny grika|grika]], [[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]], [[Fiteny alemàna|alemana]], [[Fiteny tamily taloha|tamily tranainy]], [[Fiteny sanskrity|sanskrity]], [[Fiteny someriana|someriana]], [[Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana|malaiô-pôlineziana]], [[Vondrom-piteny amerindiana|amerindiana]], [[Fiteny aty Afrika|afrikana]], sns)<ref name=":9" />. Anisan' ny mpampianatra azy: * ny Profesora [[Pierre Berthoud]] (FLTR, [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Frantsa]]), manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny [[Testamenta Taloha]]; * ny Profesora [[Peter R. Jones]] (Harvard, Princeton, [[Etazonia]]), manampahaizana momba ny [[Testamenta Vaovao]]; * ny Profesora Jean Marc Daumas de Cornilhac (FLTR, Aix-en-Provence, Frantsa) momba ny [[Fiteny hebreo|teny hebreo]] sy ny [[Tantaran' ny kristianisma|tantaram-piangonana]]; * ny Profesora Maurice Carrez (FTP, [[Paris]], Frantsa) momba ny [[Fiteny grika|teny grika]] sy ny [[Testamenta Vaovao]]; * ny Profesora Edmund Clowney ([[Westminster, Kalifornia|Westminster]], WTS, Etazonia) momba ny [[teôlôjia biblika]]; * ny Profesora Roger Greenway (Westminster, WTS, Etazonia), momba ny [[World Missiology|World Missiolog]]<nowiki/>[[World Missiology|y]]; * ny Profesora Jean Brun (Oniversite, Dijon) momba ny [[filôzôfia kristiana]]; * ny Profesora Pierre Courthial (FLTR, Aix-en-Provence, Frantsa) momba ny [[teôlôjia pratika]] sy ny [[apôlôjetika]]; * ny Profesora Olivier Clément (Institut Orthodoxe Saint Serge, Paris, Frantsa) momba ny [[teôlôjia ôrtôdôksa]]; * ary ny Profesora [[Pierre Chaunu]], manampahaizana momba ny [[Tantara]], mpikambana ao amin' ny Institut, Filohan' ny Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Paris, Frantsa. === Raiamandreny mpiahy === Nilaza ho nahazo teny fikasana avy amin' Andriamanitra sy tsodrano avy amin' ny raiamandreny ara-panahy izy, dia ireto: ny mpitandrina [[Daniel Ratefy]]<ref><small>Ny mpitandrina [[Daniel Ratefy]], mpanorina ny [[Fiangonana Protestanta Malagasy aty Andafy]] (FPMA) tao [[Montpellier]] tamin' ny taona 1946, mpiaraka nanorina ny [[Fiangonan' i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara]] (FJKM) tamin' ny taona 1968, mpiaraka nanorina ny [[Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara]] (FFKM) teny Ambohimalaza, Antananarivo, tamin' ny taona 1950, efa tonian' ny Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Protestanta eto Madagasikara (FFPM) tamin' ny taona 1986-1992, solontenan' i Madagasikara tamin' ny fanorenana ny [[Filankevitra Ekiomenikan' ny Fiangonana|Filankevitry ny Fiangonana eran-Tany]] na [[Filankevitra Ekiomenikan' ny Fiangonana|World Council of Churches]] (WCC) tany [[Amsterdam]] tamin' ny taona 1947-1948.</small></ref> (taona 1981), ny mpitandrina Razafindrakoto Gabriel (taona 1986), i Mama [[Volahavana Germaine]]<ref><small>I Mama [[Volahavana Germaine]] (na Nenilava), mpiandry zokiolona (1941), raiamandreny nanorina ny [[Tobilehibe Ankaramalaza]] tamin' ny taona 1941, izay miombona amin' ny FFPM, efa nihaona tamin' i [[Olav V]], mpanjakan' i [[Nôrvezy]], tany amin' ny Lapan' Andriamanjaka tany [[Oslo]] any tamin' ny taona 1973, mpitory Filazantsara, mpiahy marary sy kamboty ary olona sahirana an-jatony, izay heverin' ny ao amin' ny hetsika [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|Fifohazana]] ho mpaminany. ary mahay tenim-pirenena roa ambin' ny folo.</small></ref> (taona 1996), ny kardinaly [[Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra]]<ref><small>Ny kardinaly [[Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra|Armand Gaetan Razafindratandra]], ao amin' ny [[Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina (Madagasikara)|Eglizy Katôlika Apôstôlika Rômanina]] (EKAR) eto Madagasikara, mpiaraka nanorina ny Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara (FFKM) tao Ambohimalaza tamin' ny taona 1950.</small></ref> (taona 2007), i Mama Ravolazaimanga Bernadette (taona 2009), i Mama Rasoazanakolona Hèlene (taona 2012), i Dada Manase (taona 2018) ao anatin' ny [[Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy]], ny [[Fiangonan' i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara]]<ref name=":5">[http://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/ <small>http://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/</small>]</ref>. Anisan' ny raiamandrany mpiahy azy koa ny mpitandrina [[Daniel Ralibera]]<ref><small>Ny mpitandrina [[Daniel Ralibera]], mpitandrina FJKM Ambavahadimitafo, mpampianatra tantaram-piangonana (FTP) ao Antananarivo, mpiaraka nanorina ny FJKM tamin' ny taona 1968, mpiaraka nanorina ny FFKM tao Ambohimalaza tamin' ny taona 1950, mpiaraka nanorina ofisialy ny FPMA tany Paris tamin' ny taona 1959.</small></ref> sy ny profesora [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]]<ref><small>I [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]], Docteur en Médecine, Docteur ès Sciences, ambasadaoron' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1960-1972, manampahaizana, tale amin' ny Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) any [[Paris]], akademisiana amin' ny firenena maro, mpikambana ao amin' ny Institut any Paris, ary nahazo loka siantifika iraisam-pirenena maro.</small></ref>. === Anjara toerany teo amin' ny fiangonana === I Ndriana Rabarioelina dia kristiana prôtestanta. [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|Mpiandry]] izy nanomboka amin' ny taona 1991, zanaky ny [[Tobilehibe Ankaramalaza]] ([[Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara|FFPM]]). Izy dia efa filohan' ny [[Fiangonana Protestanta Malagasy aty Andafy]] (FPMA Aix-Marseille)<ref><small>Ny [[Fiangonana Protestanta Malagasy aty Andafy]] (FPMA Aix-Marseille) tamin' ny taona 1986-1988, izay mpikambana ao amin' ny [[Fikambanana Mampiely Baiboly Malagasy|Fikambanana Mampiely Baiboly]] eto Madagasikara (FMBM), ao amin' ny [[Fédération protestante de France]] (FPF), ao amin' ny [[Alliance nationale des églises luthériennes de France]] (ANELF), ao amin' ny [[Lutheran World Federation]] (WLF), ao amin' ny [[Alliance réformée mondiale]] (ARM) ary ao amin' ny [[Conseil oecuménique de églises]] (COE).</small>   </ref> tamin' ny taona 1986-1988. Izy no nahitana ny Lycée Gardanne, Département Bouche-du-Rhône, Région Provence (PACA), izay toerana nanaovana ny Fivoriambe Isankerintaona Fifohazana voalohany teo anivon' ny Fiangonana Protestanta Malagasy aty Andafy (FPMA, 1989). == Ny tsangan-keviny == === Jiosy na Israelita ny Malagasy === Ny tsangan-kevitra nahazoan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina ny diplôma ''PhD in Theology'' dia mitondra ny lohateny hoe ''[[Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar]]'' ("Fifandraisana ara-Baiboly eo amin' i Israely sy i Madagasikara")<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://www.deliremadagascar.com/conference-internationale-sur-les-origines-juives-a-madagascar/ Conférence internationale sur les origines juives à Madagascar]", in [https://www.deliremadagascar.com/ deliremadagascar.com]</small></ref>. Izany [[tsangan-kevitra]] izany dia anohanany ny maha [[Jiosy]] na Jody ny [[Malagasy]]. Ny mpitandrina [[Ravelojaona (mpitandrina)|Ravelojaona]] no efa nanoratra fa [[Jiosy]] ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] (1909). Taty aoriana dia nanamafy izany i Mama [[Volahavana Germaine]] (1941). Manaraka, ilay misiônera [[lazarista]] atao hoe Rev. Père [[Joseph Briant]] (1946) dia niezaka nanamarina fa avy amin' ny [[Fiteny hebreo|teny hebreo]] ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] ary nanamafy koa fa Jiosy ny Malagasy ny Rev. Dr. [[Roger Andriatsiratahina]] (1976) sy ny mpitandrina [[Ratefy Tolotra]] (1979) <ref name=":1"><small>Rabarioelina, Ndriana (Rev. Dr.) (2011), "''Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar''", États-Unis, 2010.</small></ref>. Ny filazan' i Rev. Père Joseph Briant fa nisy koa ny andiam-pifidrà-monina jiosy mankaty Madagasikara -- ka ny voalohany tamin' ireo fifindrà-monina ireo dia tamin' ny andron' i [[Sôlômôna]], manodidina ny taona 900 tal. J.K. -- dia nohamafisin' ny Pastora Tolotra Ratefy (1976) sy Pr. Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina (2010) tao amin' ny fikarohana ara-teôlôjia sy ara-tantara nataon' izy ireo nandritra ny efapolo taona mahery<ref name=":1" />. === Madagasikara: fanjakà-mpanjaka teôkratika sy kristôkratika === Anisan' ny tohanan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina koa ny tokony hahatonga an' i Madagasikara ho fanjakana [[Teôkrasia|teôkratika]] sy [[Kristôkrasia|kristôkratika]], sady hiverenana amin' ny fanjaka-mpanjaka manandratra indray ny rafitra ara-piarahamonina sy ara-pôlitika mankato an' [[Andriamanitra (tokana)|Andriamanitra]] sy manaja ny [[soatoavina]] malagasy, ary ny fandravana ny rafitra [[Repoblika|repoblikana]] napetraky ny mpanjanantany tandrefana<ref><small>"[[FANJAKAN’ I MADAGASIKARA|Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]]" in ''[https://mg.wikipedia.org/ mg.wikipedia.org]''</small></ref><ref><small>"[http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/index.php/component/content/article/5-societe/2933-declaration--les-malagasy-descendants-de-juifs Déclaration : Les Malagasy, descendants de juifs]" in ''[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/ midi-madagasikara.mg] {{Wayback|url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/ |date=20230430165033 }}''</small></ref><ref><small>"[http://www.tonga-soa.com/for/ecrire.php3?nume=3949&repid=31423&th= Déclaration: les Malagasy dscendants des juifs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tonga-soa.com/for/ecrire.php3?nume=3949&repid=31423&th= |date=20230430172043 }}", in ''[http://www.tonga-soa.com/ tonga-soa.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tonga-soa.com/ |date=20250616035827 }}''</small></ref>. Tsy mijanona ho tsangan-kevitra fotsiny ny famerenana ny fitondra-mpanjaka fa raha [[andriana]] na printsy fotsiny i Ndriana Rabarioelina tany am-panombohana dia narahiny fanambaràna ho Mpanjaka izany<ref><small>"[http://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/2019/ Royal house of Madagascar]", in [http://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/ royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/]</small></ref>. === Avy amin' ny teny hebreo ny teny malagasy === Izao koa no anisan' ny hevitra tohanany: ny [[fiteny malagasy]] dia avy amin' ny [[fiteny hebreo]], ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]] dia avy amin' ny [[Jodaisma|kolontsaina jiosy]], ary nisy ny fifindrà-monina jiosy nankaty [[Madagasikara]], izay toherin' ny manam-pahaizana maro<ref><small>Sophie Goedefroit et Albert Roca (2021), "[https://publicacions.antropologia.cat/quaderns/article/download/371/199/1378 La "plus belle énigme du monde" ne veut pas être résolue. Le besoin de mémoire multiple à Madagascar]", ''publicacions.antropologia.cat''</small></ref>. Nisy ny Fihaonana iraisam-pirenena mikasika ny Fiaviana Jiosy eto Madagasikara na ''Conférence Internationale sur les Origines Juives à Madagascar'' izay niarahan' ny Profesora [[Tudor Parfitt]] (Tale mpanorina ny Centre for Jewish Studies, SOAS, University of London, Academician, [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|United Kingdom]]) sy ny Pastora [[Ratefy Tolotra|Tolotra Ratefy]] (filoham-boninahitry ny Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar) ary ny Pr. Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina (Filoha Mpanorina ny Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar), teo anatrehan' ny [[Raby]] dimy avy any [[Etazonia]], [[Kanada]], [[Marôka]], [[Frantsa]] ary [[Aostralia]], tao [[Antananarivo]] tamin' ny volana Mey 2017.<ref name=":8"><small>Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar, 2017.</small></ref> == Mpanjakan' ny Merina sy mpanjakan' i Madagasikara == === Ny fototry ny fanjakany === ==== Taranaka mpanjaka ==== Nilaza i Ndriana Rabarioelina fa avy amin' ny mpanjaka [[Andriantomara]], ny mpanjaka [[Andrianerinerina]] Lahimatoan' Imerina, ny mpanjaka [[Andriamanelo]], ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]], ny mpanjaka [[Andriantompokoindrindra]] Lahimatoan' Imerina, Tompon' ny Tranomanara, Tranofohiloha, Tranomasina, izay nolovany avy amin' ny razambeny mpanjaka [[Andriamamilazabe]], sy avy amin' ny mpanjaka [[Andrianjaka]] namorona ny [[Rova Manjakamiadana|Rovan' Antananarivo]], ny mpanjaka [[Andriantsitakatrandriana]], ny mpanjaka [[Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe]] ary ny mpanjaka [[Andrianampoinimerina]]. Ny ''Geneanet'' no ahitana tetiarana momba an' i Ndriana Rabarioelina<ref><small>"[[Ndriana Rabarioelina]]", ''Geneanet''</small></ref>. Araka ny voalazan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina dia izao ny hafatry ny mpanjaka razambeny: <blockquote>An' [[Andriamanelo]] ny Alakamisy ary an' [[Andriamananintany]] ny Zoma. Raha manary fanjakana ny Terak' Andriamananintany dia miverina amin' Andriamanelo ny fanjakana. Vokany: ny hafatra napetraky ny mpanjaka [[Ralambo]] sy [[Andriantompokoindrindra]] ary [[Andrianjaka]] izay nisy fifanarahana fito dia manjaka aloha Andriantompokoindrindra avy amin' Andriamanelo, avy eo manjaka [[Andrianjaka]] avy amin' [[Andriamananintany]], ary ny Andriandahy avy amin' ny Terak' Andrianjaka manana reny mivantana [[Andriantompokoindrindra (foko)|Andriantompokoindrindra]] (foko) ihany no mahazo manjaka sy mahazo Tranomasina. Ny [[Ranavalona|vehi]][[Rasoherina|vavy]] tsy mahazo manjaka. Ary rehefa tsy manaja na very fanjakana ny Terak' Andrianjaka dia miverina amin' Andriantompokoindrindra Lahimatoan' Imerina, avy amin' Andriamanelo, ny fanjakana. (Ndriana Rabarioelina) </blockquote>Nambarany fa "avy amin' ny mpanjaka mpisorona [[Andriantompokoindrindra]] Lahimatoan' Imerina mivantana sady avy amin' ny mpanjaka [[Andrianjaka]] ary avy amin' ny mpanjaka [[Andrianampoinimerina]] eto Madagasikara izy". Ity fanambaràna ity dia singa fototra amin' ny maha-izy azy sy ny hetsika ataony. ==== Tendry avy amin' Andriamanitra ==== Araka ny voalazan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina hatrany dia [[Mpaminany malagasy|mpaminany]] miisa fito, raiamandreny andriana sy ireo zokiolona fotsy volo amin' ny tany, raiamandreny ara-panahy (ny Pastora [[Daniel Ratefy]] avy ao [[Ambohimalaza]], ny Pastor Razafindrakoto Gabriel avy ao [[Antanamalaza]], i [[Volahavana Germaine|Mama Volahavana Germaine]] avy amin' ny [[Tobilehibe Ankaramalaza|Toby Ankaramalaza]], i Dada Manasé avy amin' ny Toby Ankaramalaza, ny Andriambavy Rasoazanakolona Hélène na Mamafara avy amin' ny [[Toby Namahanambasy]] Imerinatsimo, ny Kardinaly [[Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra]] avy ao Ambohimalaza, ny Andriambavy Ravolazaimanga Bernadette<ref><small>Ravolazaimanga Bernadette dia voalaza fa mpiandry ao amin' ny hetsika [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|fifohazana]] FJKM sy FLM. Anisan' ny olona manana vina kristiana ho an' i Madagasikara manontolo izy ary miasa ho amin' izany, satria araka ny finoany diaho lasa ivon' ny [[fitoriana ny filazantsara]] maneran-tany i Madagasikara.</small>  </ref> avy amin' ny [[Toby Itaitso]]) no nampilazain' [[Andriamanitra (tokana)|Andriamanitra]] mialoha nanomboka ny taona 1981, ny maha mpanjaka mpandova fanjakana sy nanome tsodrano an' i Ndriana Rabarioelina. === Ny fanjakany === ==== Fiantombohan' ny fanjakany ==== Araka ny filazana nataony ihany dia tamin' ny volana Septambra 2015 no voalazany fa nanosorana sy nanamasinina azy ho mpanjaka tamin' ny lanonana ara-panahy teny [[Ambohidrabiby]] Hasin' Imerina, toerana manan-danja teo amin' ny tantaran’ ny [[Lisitry ny mpanjaka merina|mpanjaka merina sy mpanjaka eto Madagasikara]]. Nisy fahazavana avy any an-danitra nidina sy nipetraka naharitra ela teo aminy, ary "fahazavana avo zato heny noho ny fahazavan' ny [[masoandro]]" niposaka vao maraina avy any atsinanana tamin' io fotoana fanosorana mpanjaka sy fitsofandrano azy io teny Ambohidrabiby Hasin' Imerina, izay mariky ny "fanatrehan' Andriamanitra sy ny fankatoavany ary ny fitahiany". Na dia teo aza izany fanosorana izany dia efa taty amin' ny taona 2020 no nahenoana ny maha mpanjaka azy, raha andriana na printsy no nahalalana azy hatramin' izay. Izy dia nanorina ny Fianakaviamben' ny Andriana Merina, ny Fianakaviamben' ny Andriana eto Madagasikara, ny Fianakaviamben' ny Mpanjaka eto Madagasikara, ny Fiombonamben' ny Ampanjaka eto Madagasikara ary niaraka nanorina ny fiombonamben' ny Taranaka Andriana Miray eto Madagasikara (TAMIMA) niaraka tamin' ny mpitandrina [[Ratefy Tolotra|Tolotra Ratefy]] taorian' ny 06 Novambra 1995. ==== Ny anaram-boninahitra entiny ==== Izao ny anaram-boninahitra isalorany amin' ny maha mpanjaka azy, izay matetika adika amin' ny tenim-pirenena samihafa: "''Mpanjaka, avy amin' ny Lahimatoan' Imerina, Lehiben' ny Fianakaviamben' ny Andriana Merina, Lehiben' ny Fianakaviamben' ny Mpanjaka eto Madagasikara''". ==== Mbola mitaky ny tena fanjakana ==== Na dia efa voahosotra sy nohamasinina ho mpanjaka aza i Ndriana Rabarioelina dia mbola miasa momba ny hamerenana ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]] sy ny handravana ny Repoblikan' i Madagasikara, izay lazainy fa naorin' ny mpanjanatany frantsay, mba hametrahany ny fanjakana [[Teôkrasia|teôkratika]] sy [[Kristôkrasia|kristôkratika]]. === Fidirana an-tsehatra amin' ny raharaham-pirenena === 1) Ny Andriana Rabarioelina Ndriana dia nahazo fiofanana pôlitika nandritra ny dimy taona (1995-2000) tamin' ny Andriana Blaise Rabetafika, ambasadaoron' i Madagasikara tany amin' ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] (ONU)<ref><small>Ny Andriana Blaise Rabetafika dia ambasadaoron' i Madagasikara tany amin' ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] (ONU) sady zokiolona indrindra amin' ireo ambasadaoro erantany (1969-1992) tao amin' ny Firenena Mikambana, efa filohan' ny [[Filankevi-Pilaminan' ny Firenena Mikambana|Filankevitry ny Fandriampahalemana]] indroa (1985,1986) tao amin' ny Firenena Mikambana ary efa nahazo ny "Prix International Mercure d'Or" izay natokana ho an' ny filoham-pirenena avo lenta indrindra sy olona sangany sy mendrika indrindra eran-tany</small></ref>. Koa mandray anjara momba ny raharaha [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara|pôlitika]] sy [[Fiarahamonina malagasy|sôsialy]] eto Madagasikara izy. 2) Nanome toromarika stratejika ara-tafika in-telo ho an' ny Ministry ny Fiarovam-pirenena Mamizara Jules sy Jeneraly miisa folo izy tao amin' ny biraon' ny Ministra ny Fiarovam-pirenena hampitsaharana ny [[ady an-trano]] niaraka amin' ny basy aman-tafondro sy ny hanavotana ny takalonaina sivily an-jatony tao Brickaville sy hamonjena ny vahoaka an-tapitrisa nijaly tamin' ny raharaha 2002. Tanteraka soa aman-tsara izany. 3) Nanohitra ny tsy fanarahan-dalàna sy ny [[Hosoka amin' ny fifidianana|hala-bato]] goavana ary nanao [[fampielezan-kevitra]] ho an' ny "Tsia" tamin' ny [[fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka]] tamin' ny taona 2010. 4) Nisakana ny fanotofana [[tanimbary]] arivo hektara mahery tamin' ny kaominina miisa enina ([[Ambohitrimanjaka]], [[Ambohidrapeto]], [[Fiombonana]], [[Ankadimanga]], [[Anosibe Zaivola]], [[Itaosy]]) ary niaro ny tantsaha enina alina mahery voan' ny tsindray hazo lena sy nampijalina. Ireo tanimbary ireo dia mirefy arivo hektara, mamelona vahoaka enina hetsy mahery eto [[Antananarivo]] sy ny manodidina. Nanoro hevitra izy mba hakisaka amin' ny toerana hafa ny [[tetikasa Tanamasoandro]] (2019)<ref><small>Fanambarana, Television MATV, 18 Oktobra 2019.</small></ref>. Vokany: Nafindra tany amin' ny toerankafa ny tetikasa Tanamasoandro. 5) Nanome hevitra mba handanian' ny [[Antenimierandoholona (Madagasikara)|Antenimierandoholona]] ny [[volavolan-dalàna]] manamafy fa an' i Madagasikara ny [[Nosy Miparitaka|nosy]] dimy manodidina an' i Madagasikara ([[Bassas da India]], [[Nosy Europa|Europa]], [[Nosy Glorieuses|Glorioso]], [[Juan de Nova]], [[Nosy Tromelin|Tromelin]]). Ramatoa Arlette Ramaroson, mpitsara iraisam-pirenena<ref><small>Ramatoa Arlette Ramaroson dia mpitsara iraisam-pirenena (TPI Rwanda, TPI Yogoslavia)</small></ref>, sy ny mpiaradia manampahaizana no nandrafitra ilay volavolan-dalàna ary nankatoavina sy nolanian' ny Antenimierandoholona tamin' ny 18 Desambra 2020. == Ny zava-bitany == === Ny boky nosoratany === Amin' ny asasorany dia ireto no azo tanisaina: * ''[[Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar]]'' (2010)<ref name=":4"><small>"[https://royal-academy-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/2017/11/iii-members-of-royal-academy-of.html Some members of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar]", ''Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar''</small></ref>; * ''[[The King and High Priest Andriantompokoindrindra]]'' (2012)<ref name=":4" />; * ''[[The New Kingdom of Madagascar]]'' (2014)<ref name=":4" />; * ''[[Madagascar in the Last Vestiges of the Birthplace of Humanity]]'' (2016)<ref name=":4" />. Ireo boky ireo dia maneho ny fahavononany hikaroka ny fifandraisan' ny [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara|tantara malagasy]] sy ny ara-panahy ary ny sivilizasiôna fahiny<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref><small>"[https://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/2012/07/interview-du-prince-rev-dr-ndriana.html? Interview de S.A.R. le Prince Rev. Dr. Ndriana Rabarioelina: " La christocratie est la solution durable de l'Eternel pour Madagascar]", ''Royal House of Madagascar'', 26 juillet 2012.</small></ref>. === Ny zavatra natsangany === ==== Momba ny hira sy mozika ==== Mpitendry [[gitara klasika]] iraisam-pirenena i Ndriana Rabarioelina sady lehiben' ôrkesitra. Izy no filoha mpanorina ny fikambanana ''Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar'' (ONG-CNSMM) sy ny ''Orchestre Philharmonique Amontana,'' nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1996'','' izay natao hanomezam-boninahitra an' Andriamanitra, mpamorona ny Lanitra sy ny Tany, sy hanomezana lanja ny haimozika malagasy avo lenta, ary efa nanao fampisehoana maro, anisan' izany ny fampisehoana impito ny ''oratorio'' "''Messiah''" ([[George Frideric Handel|G.F. Hande]]<nowiki/>l) amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] niaraka amin' ny mpihira miisa 90 ao amin' ny antoko mpihira Zanak' Ambohimalaza (ZAMA) sy mpitendry mozika iraisam-pirenena miisa 20, ny "''Messe en Si mineur''" ([[Johann Sebastian Bach|J.S. Bach]]) niaraka tamin' ny ''CNSMM Choir'' sy ny ''Orchestre Philharmonique Amontana'', ary ny "Haleloia" (G.F. Handel) niaraka tamin' ny antoko mpihira malagasy maro izay nisy mpihira niisa 600 teo anoloan' ny Lapan' ny Tanàna Antananarivo<ref name=":4" /><ref><small>"[https://conservatoire-cnsmm-madagascar.blogspot.com/2020/05/blog-post_17.html Maestro Étienne Ramboatiana (1930-2007): Orchestra for Orchestra for 40 Guitars]",</small> <small>''Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar''.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://conservatoire-cnsmm-madagascar.blogspot.com/2011/01/realisations-du-conservatoire-cnsmm.html? Achievements of the Superior Royal Conservarory of Music in Madagascar - CNSMM]", ''Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar''</small></ref>. Filoha mpanorina ny ''Festival International de Musique Classique'' voalohany teto Madagasikara, nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1998, ary nikarakara [[kônseritra]] ampolony maro, izay nandraisan' ny mpitendry zavamaneno anjara avy eto [[Madagasikara]], any [[Etazonia]], any [[Alemaina]], [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|United Kingdom]], [[Frantsa]], [[Nôrvezy]], [[Brezila]], [[Italia]], [[Rosia]], [[Afrika Atsimo]], nosy [[La Réunion|La Reunion]] sy firenena hafa. Filoha mpanorina ny ''Festival International de Jazz'' ''à Madagascar'', izay nanao fampisehoana mihoatra ny zato ary nandraisan' ny mpitendry zavamaneno anjara avy eto Madagasikara, Etazonia, Alemana, [[Soisa]], [[Belzika]], United Kingdom, Nôrvezy, Brezila, Italia, [[Afrika Atsimo]], Frantsa, nosy La Reunion, nosy [[Maorisy]] sy firenena hafa. ==== Akademia ==== Filoha mpanorina ny ''International Royal Academy of Theology'' i Ndriana Rabarioelina nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2010, izay misy manampahaizana mikasika ny [[teôlôjia]] eto Madagasikara sy maneran-tany. Filoha mpanorina ny ''Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar'' koa izy nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2016, izay misy Malagasy manampahaizana amin' ny taranja maro (teôlôjia, siansa teôrika, siansa ampiharina, kolontsaina sy haikanto, siansa mikasika ny olombelona, tantara sy lalàna ary pôlitika, siansan' ny fampandrosoana). === Ny blaogy ampiasainy === Ity ny topimaso momba ny [[blaogy]] na [[vohikala]] izay anehoan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina tsy tapaka ny tenany. Ireo blaogy ireo dia manasongadina ny maha andriana sy mpanjaka azy hatrany na dia misy isan-karazany aza ny lohahevitra hita ao amin' izy ireo. Indreto ny sasany amin' izy ireo: ==== Blaogy momba ny tantara, ny siansa, ny zavakanto, sns ==== * ''Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar''<ref><small>"[https://conservatoire-cnsmm-madagascar.blogspot.com/ Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar"], ''conservatoire-cnsmm-madagascar.blogspot.com''</small></ref><ref><small>Ny ''Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Madagascar'' dia miompana amin' ny [[kolontsaina]] sy ny [[mozika]] izay namoahany ny asany amin' ny maha lehiben' [[ôrkesitra]] sy mpitendry [[gitara klasika]] azy. Ato amin' ity blaogy ity dia manambara ny fomba fijeriny ara-javakanto sy ara-panabeazana izy, manasa amin' ny fampisehoana kôseritra, mitantara ny fiaraha-miasany iraisam-pirenena ary manome voninahitra ny lafiny ara-panahy amin' ny mozika.</small></ref>; * ''Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar''<ref><small>Ity blaogy ity dia manolotra ny asany amin' ny maha filohan' ny ''Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar'' azy. Hita ny tantaram-piainany, ny andraikitra akademika sahaniny, ary ny seha-pikarohana andraisany anjara ([[Teôlôjia]], [[Jeôpôlitika]], [[Fiandohan'_ny_olombelona]], ​​sns.). Ity blaogy ity koa dia mamintina ny fizotran' ny fianarana sy fikarohana nataon' i Ndriana Rabarioelina, ny mari-pahaizana momba ny teôlôjia sy ny fikarohana momba ny fisian' ny fifandraisana ara-[[Baiboly]] eo amin' i Madagasikara sy i [[Fanjakan' i Israely (mitambatra)|Israely]], ny fiheverany ny anajara toeran' i [[Madagasikara]] eo amin' ny fiandohan' ny olombelona.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://royal-academy-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/ Royal Academy of Sciences of Madagascar]", ''royal-academy-of-madagascar.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; ==== Blaogy momba pôlitika, ny sôsialy, ny fanjakana sns ==== Ireo blaogy ireo dia sehatra miompana amin' ny mpanjaka ara-drazana, ka izy no mpandray anjara lehibe amin' izany. Mamoaka lahatsoratra sy sary ary manambara hetsika ao izy. * ''Fanjakan' i Madagasikara''<ref><small>Ao amin' ity blaogy ''Fanjakan' i Madagasikara'' ity no itantarany ny fitarihany lanonana miaraka amin' ny tarana-mpanjaka antemoro sy merina, sy ny maro hafa, manamafy ny fifandraisan' ny samy [[Foko eto Madagasikara|foko]] [[Foko eto Madagasikara|malagasy]] sy ny tarana-mpanjaka manerana an' i Madagasikara. Asehony ny fanomezana — anisan' izany ny "Boky Masina" mirakitra ny 6&nbsp;000 taona nisian' ny tantaran' ny [[Merina]] sy ny [[Antemoro]] — nandritra ireo fivoriana ireo. Takiany ny hananganana fanjakana kristiana araka ny "Sitrapon' Andriamanitra", tsy araka ny [[Repoblika|lamina repoblikana]], izay heveriny fa mifanohitra amin' ny soatoavina' ny razambe malagasy. Manohana am-pahavitrihana ny [[teôkrasia]] kristiana izy, miara-miasa amin' ny Fiangonana eto Madagasikara ([[Fiombonan' ny Fiangonana Kristiana eto Madagasikara|FFKM]]), amin' ny sendikan' ny oniversite, ary amin' ny mpisehatra ara-tsôsialy, ho fototry ny fitantanana ny firenena.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://fanjakana-madagasikara.blogspot.com/ Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]", ''fanjakana-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Fianakaviamben' ny Andriana Merina''<ref><small>Ato amijn' ity blaogy ity no ahitana ny fiantsoan' i Ndriana Rabarioelina, tamin' ny 14–15 Desambra 2022, ny mpanjaka sy ny andriana mba hanavotra ny firenena malagasy. Tsikerainy ny kolikoly mirongatra, ny fanitsakitsahana ny [[Zon' olombelona|zon']] [[Zon' olombelona|olombelona]] ary ny hosoka amin' ny fifidianana, ny fanimbana ny [[Tontolo iainana eto Madagasikara|tontolo iainana]] sy ny fahantran' ny 81,6% amin' ny vahoaka malagasy. Hamafisiny ny maha zava-dehibe ny [[soatoavina]] malagasy, ny fanajana ny fomba amam-panao ary ny firaisankinan' ny tarana-mpanjaka.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com/ ''Fianakaviamben' ny Andriana Merina''], ''mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Fianakaviamben' ny Mpanjaka eto Madagasikara''<ref><small>Ao amin' ity blaogy ity no iresahany ny lanjan' ny Fiambonamben' ny Ampanjaka eto Madagasikara. Ao no ahitana ny fanambaràna ataony, ny fanosorana azy ho mpanjaka, ny zava-mitranga amin' ny taranaka mpanjaka. Mampivondrona ny Raiamandreny ara-drazana (mpanjaka sy andriana) avy amin' ny [[Foko eto Madagasikara|foko malagasy]] rehetra izy. Resahiny ny fivoriana miaraka amin' ny mpanjaka solontena amin' ny lanonana nentim-paharazana (taombaovao, fanosorana ho mpanjaka, sns).</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://ampanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com/ Fianakaviamben' ny Mpanjaka eto Madagasikara]", ''ampanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Fiombonamben' ny Taranaka Andriana Miray eto Madagasikara'' (''TAMIMA'')<ref><small>Ny blaogy ''Fiombonambe Taranaka Andriana Miray (TAMIMA)'' dia iresahany momba ny fivondronan' ny Andriana, anisan' izany ny fihaonana tamin' ny taona 2021 sy 2022 izay niompana amin' ny tantara sy ny firaisankinan' ny taranaka mpanjaka. Ato amin' ity blaogy ity izy no mankalaza ny fety toy ny [[Taom-baovao malagasy|Taombaovao]] [[Taom-baovao malagasy|Malagasy]], izay angatahany ny fitahian' Andriamanitra ho an' ny tarana-mpanjaka. Mandrara ny sakafo sasany heverina ho maloto araka ny [[Lalàn' i Mosesy|lalàn' ny Baiboly]] izy mba hahamasina ny Andriana malagasy.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://tamima-madagasikara.blogspot.com/ Fiombonamben' ny Taranaka Andriana Miray eto Madagasikara (TAMIMA)]", ''tamima-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Ny Andriantompokoindrindra''<ref><small>Ity blaogy ''Ny Andriantompokoindrindra'' ity dia mifantoka amin' ny Fanjakana Merina sy ny andraikitra maha mpitarika ny Fiombonamben' ny Andriana eto Madagasikara azy. Ao amin' ity blaogy ity koa i Ndriana Rabarioelina dia manazava ny maha taranaky ny "mpanjaka-mpisorona" [[Andriantompokoindrindra|Andrianatompokoindrindra]] azy (1600–1610 tany ho any) sy ny mpanjaka tao [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Imerina]], itantarany ny fanosorana azy ho Mpanjaka tamin' ny taona 2015. Asehony ihany koa ny fototra ara-pivavahana sy ara-drazana momba ny maha ara-dalàna ny maha Mpanjaka azy sy ny fanoloran-tenany amin' ny hamerina indray ny Fanjakana Masina miorina amin' ny soatoavina malagasy sy kristiana .</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://andriantompokoindrindra.blogspot.com/ Ny Andriantompokoindrindra]", ''andriantompokoindrindra.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Ny Jiosy eto Madagasikara''<ref><small>Ato no iresahany fa misy ifandraisany amin' ny [[Israelita]] fahiny ny razamben' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]], nanomboka amin' ny fifindra-monina ara-[[Baiboly]] teto [[Madagasikara]] tany amin' ny 3&nbsp;000 taona lasa izay. Milaza koa izy fa avy amin' ny [[Fiteny hebreo|teny hebreo]] ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny]] sy ny [[Kolontsaina malagasy|kolontsaina]] ary ny [[Fomban-drazana malagasy|fomban-drazana]] sasany eto Madagasikara, araka ny fikarohana nataony nandritra ny telopolo taona. Miezaka mampiseho ny fitoviana misy eo amin' ny tantara malagasy sy ny fitantarana ao amin' ny [[Testamenta Taloha]] izy, indrindra amin' ny filazany fa eto Madagasikara ilay toerana atao hoe [[Ôfira]] .</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://jiosy-eto-madagasikara.blogspot.com/ Jiosy eto Madagasikara]", ''jiosy-eto-madagasikara.blogspot.com''</small></ref>; * ''Royal House of Madagascar''<ref><small>Io no blaogy ôfisialin' ny ''Royal House of Madagascar'', izay mirakitra hafatra ara-[[pôlitika]] sy ara-[[kolontsaina]], indrindra momba ny famerenana indray [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Fanjakan' i Madagasikara]] miorina amin' ny soatoavina malagasy, ny fanolorana lalàmpanorenana vaovao eo ambany fahefan' ny mpanjaka, ary momba ny fifandraisana amin' ny fikambanana maneran-tany (ny [[Firenena Mikambana]], ny [[Fandaharan' Asan' ny Firenena Mikambana ho an' ny Fampandrosoana|Fandaharan' Asan' ny Firenena Mikambana ho an' ny Fampandrosoan]]<nowiki/>a (PNUD), sns.). Ity blaogy ity koa dia itakiany ny tokony hiverenana amin' Andriamanitra.</small></ref><ref name=":7"><small>"[https://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/ Royal House of Madagascar]", ''royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com''</small></ref>. Anisan' ny anehoany hevitra koa ny blaogy ''Taniko Madagasikara'' ([https://tanikomadagascar.com/ Jereo eto]) sy blaogy maro hafa izay matetika manana anarana ahitana ny teny hoe "''Royal''". == Ny fikambanana sy ny fifandraisana iraisam-pirenena == === Fikambanana iraisam-pirenen' ny mpanjaka === I Ndriana Rabarioelina dia mpikambana miaraka amin' ny [[mpanjaka]] notsongaina eran-tany ao anatin' ny ''Delphic Royal Society'', nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2011 tao [[Berlin]] any [[Alemaina]], izay miaraka amin' ny ''Delphic International Council'' manome lanja ny kolontsaina sy haikanto avo lenta eran-tany. === Fifandraisana amin' ny any ivelany === I Ndriana Rabarioelina dia nampita "Hafatr' Andriamanitra" manohitra ny fiarahan' ny olona mitovy fananahana na ''Message of the Lord Adonai Elohim to All Churches in the World on the Homosexuality'' ary nalefa tamin' ny mpitarika fiangonana lehibe maneran-tany (ny [[Fiketrahana Masina|Fiangonana Katolika Apostolika Romana]] any [[Vatikàna]], ny [[Fiombonambe Anglikana|Anglican Communion]], ny [[Alliance réformée mondiale|World Reformed Alliance]], ny [[Fiangonana Loterana Eran-Tany|World Lutheran Federation]], ny [[Filankevitra Ekiomenikan' ny Fiangonana|World Council of Churches]], ...) tamin' ny taona 2010 sy 2011. Lehiben' ny delegasiona malagasy misy ny mpanjaka malagasy notsongaina, tamin' ny Fihaonambe Iraisam-Pirenenan' ny Mpanjaka sy Zanakandriana ary Mpitarika ara-drazana, indroa miantoana, tany [[Tripoli]] sy [[Benghazi]] any [[Libia]] tamin' ny taona 2008 sy 2009. Ary notendrena ho lehiben' ny delegasiona mitarika ny mpanjaka rehetra avy amin' ny firenena miisa dimampolo mahery raha nihaona tamin' ny filoham-pirenena miisa folo mahery avy any [[Amerika]], [[Eorôpa]], [[Afrika]] ary [[Atsinanana Afovoany|Afovoany Atsinanana]] tany Libia tamin' ny taona 2009. I Ndriana Rabarioelina koa dia solontenan' ny ampanjaka rehetra eto Madagasikara tamin' ny Fihaonambe Iraisam-Pirenenan' ny Mpanjaka sy Zanakandriana ary Mpitarika ara-drazana, ary nihaona tamin' ny filoham-pirenena maro tany [[Pretoria]] atsy [[Afrika Atsimo]] tamin' ny taona 2011. Efa nahazo ny mariboninahitra ''Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom'' (eken' ny Fanjakana any [[Oganda]]) izy<ref name=":7" />. == Jereo koa == * [[Andriana]] * [[Repoblika]] * [[Fokom-pirenena folo very|Foko folo verin' i Israely]] * [[Jiosy malagasy]] * [[Ratefy Tolotra]] * [[Tudor Parfitt]] * [[Joseph Briant]] * [[Vahoaka milaza fa taranaky ny Israelita]] * [[Fifindra-monina jiosy aty Madagasikara]] == Fanovozan-kevitra == '''Boky sy lahatsoratra''' * Briant, Joseph, ''[https://www.google.com/search?q=Briant%2C+Joseph%2C+L%27h%C3%A9breu+%C3%A0+Madagascar&sca_esv=c7c67eb20f0b5775&sxsrf=ADLYWIKaeaF1lxKCRhfWaMtjxkig_QiHCw%3A1734705771500&ei=a4JlZ6CmHoHOhbIPxdK5gAE&ved=0ahUKEwjgh7PKyraKAxUBZ0EAHUVpDhAQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=Briant%2C+Joseph%2C+L%27h%C3%A9breu+%C3%A0+Madagascar&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiJ0JyaWFudCwgSm9zZXBoLCBMJ2jDqWJyZXUgw6AgTWFkYWdhc2NhcjIIEAAYgAQYogQyCBAAGIAEGKIEMggQABiABBiiBDIIEAAYgAQYogRItRBQ4AZYlwpwBHgBkAEAmAHHA6ABxwOqAQM0LTG4AQPIAQD4AQH4AQKYAgWgAv4DqAIKwgIKEAAYsAMY1gQYR8ICDRAAGIAEGLADGEMYigXCAgcQIxgnGOoCmAMN8QWSdHSb40MGMYgGAZAGCpIHBTQuNC0xoAeGAw&sclient=gws-wiz-serp L'hébreu à Madagascar]''. * Ferrand, Gabriel (1905). ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1667374 Les migrations musulmanes et juives à Madagascar]''. Paris: Revue de l'histoire des religions. * Rabarioelina, Ndriana (Rev. Dr.) (2011), "''Biblical Relations between Israel and Madagascar''", Doctoral Dissertation, Ph.D in Theology, SAHTS, États-Unis, 2010, 458 pages. Abstract in Saint-Alcuin House Journal, Volume 8, N^o 1, États-Unis, And in Library of Congress, number (ISSN 1548-4459), États-Unis. * Ramilison, Emmanuel (1951), ''[https://books.google.mg/books/about/Ny_Loharanon_ny_Andriana_nanjaka_teto_Im.html?id=LfxmQwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Andriantomara-Andriamamilazabe. Loharanon' ny Andriana nanjaka eto Imerina]'', Imprimerie Ankehitriny. * Ramilison, Emmanuel (1962), ''Ny Baiboly sy Andrianampoinimerina'', Librarie Iarivo, Antananarivo, 66 pejy. * Kasanga, Fernand (1963), ''Ny Antemoro Anakara voasoratra tamin' ny taona 1506,'' Imprimerie Iarivo, Antananarivo. * Rombaka, Jacques Philippe (1963), ''[https://www.bulac.fr/image/tantaran-drazana Tantaran-drazana Antemoro-Anteony]'', Antananarivo, Imprimerie LMS. * Rombaka, Jacques Philippe (1970), ''[https://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=097789631 Fomban-drazana antemoro-usages et coutumes antemoro] {{Wayback|url=https://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=097789631 |date=20241220155652 }}'', Ambozontany, Fianarantsoa. * [[Ratefy Tolotra|Ratefy, Tolotra]] (1986), ''"Sind die Madagassichen Juden"'' na "Jiosy ve ny malagasy ?", Munster-Antananarivo, 600 pejy. *[https://forum.serasera.org/forum/message/m4f91363e6aa74/m4f914d7409e95 Lahatsoratra tao amin' ny ''Midi Madagascar'' tamin' ny 20 Avrily 2012] (rohy maty: http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/index.php/component/content/article/5-societe/2933-declaration--les-malagasy-descendants-de-juifs) * "[https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/dossier/1752-ndriana-rabarioelina--des-propositions-pertinentes.html Ndriana Rabarioelina : des propositions pertinentes…] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/dossier/1752-ndriana-rabarioelina--des-propositions-pertinentes.html |date=20241220163037 }}", ''www.madagate.org'' * "[https://www.malagasynews.com/info-breves/le-prince-ndriana-rabarioelina-appelle-les-dirigeants-a-demolir-toutes-nouvelles-constructions-dans-le-rova-dantananarivo/ Le prince Ndriana Rabarioelina appelle les dirigeants à démolir toutes nouvelles constructions dans le Rova d’Antananarivo].", ''www.malagasynews.com'' * International Royal Academy of Theology (2010): ''Message of the Lord Adonai Elohim to All Churches in the World on the Homosexuality,'' http://academy-of-theology.blogspot.com/2011/06/message-of-the-lord-adonai-elohim-to-all.html * "[https://gw.geneanet.org/kingofmada_w?lang=fr&pz=king+ndriana&nz=ndriana Ndriana Rabarioelina]", ''gw.geneanet.org'' * "[https://web.facebook.com/ndriana.rabarioelina?_rdc=1&_rdr Ndriana Rabarioelina]", ''web.facebook.com'' * "[https://fanjakana-madagasikara.blogspot.com/2020/? Fanosorana mpanjaka sy tsodrano ny Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina, avy amin' ny Lahimatoan' Imerina, Lehiben' ny Fianakaviamben' ny Mpanjaka eto Madagasikara (Taona 2015)]", ''fanjakana-madagasikara.blogspot.com'' * "[https://royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com/2020/09/? The anointing and the consecration of HRM King Ndriana Rabarioelina (in 2015)]", ''royal-house-of-madagascar.blogspot.com'' * "[https://mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com/2020/? Famindrana zakaka sy famindrana fahefana ho an' ny Mmpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina avy amin' ny Lahimatoan' Imerina (taona 2015)]", ''mpanjaka-madagasikara.blogspot.com'' '''Sary mihetsika''' * "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeFJAOfucqs Ny Jiosy eto Madagasikara, ny Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina]", ''youtube.com'' * "[https://tanikomadagascar.com/2019/10/05/tantara-sy-fiainam-pirenena-prince-dr-ndriana-rabarioelina/ Tantara sy Fiainam-pirenena]" (''youtube''), ''tanikomadagascar.com'' * "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6UVnBc0dgE Ndriana Rabarioelina: Manandratra Fanjakan' ny Mpisorona]", ''youtube.com''. * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%3A+Teny+Gasy Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina: "Teny Gasy"]", 06 Novambra 2021, Madagascar24TV, youtube.com: "(66) Ny Mpanjaka Ndrian<nowiki/>a Rabarioelina, "Tena Gasy" 01 Oktobra 2022, Madagascar24TV - YouTube". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%3A+Dinika Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina: "Dinika"]", MBSTV, 03 Oktobra 2022, youtube.com: "Ny Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina, "Dinika" 03oktobra2022, MBS TV". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%3A%22Antso+ho+an%27+ny+firenena Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina:''"Antso ho an' ny firenena'']''"''', 13 Oktobra 2022, youtube.com: "Antso ho an' ny Firenena, Ny Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%2C+Fanjakan%27+i+Madagasikara Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina, ''Fanjakan' i Madagasikara'']''"'', 21/07/2023, Le 20H15, Madagascar24Redaction: youtube.com: "(66) Le 20H15 - 2023 07 21 - Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina- YouTube". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%C2%A0%3A+%22Fanjakam-Pisorona%2C+Fanjakan%27i+Madagasikara Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina : "''Fanjakam-Pisorona, Fanjakan'i Madagasikara'']''""'', 22/07/2023, youtube.com". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%3A+%22Mijoro+ny+Fianakaviambe+eto+Madagasikara%22 Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina: "''Mijoro ny Fianakaviambe eto Madagasikara"'']''"'', 05 Aogositra 2023, youtube.com". * "[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mpanjaka+Ndriana+Rabarioelina%3A+%22Ny+Jiosy+eto+Madagasikara%22 Mpanjaka Ndriana Rabarioelina: "''Ny Jiosy eto Madagasikara"'']''"'', TV I-BC, 2023, youtube.com". == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Mpanao malagasy]] kzkz7v8cinscpb0nxac3u14q4qfif5i 0 283899 1146979 1090376 2026-07-07T01:03:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146979 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Andry Rajoelina - US Embassy Nov 2008.png|vignette|274x274px|Andry Rajoelina]] Ny '''fizakan' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] zom-pirenena frantsay''' dia efa nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2014<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/06/15/madagascar-le-president-rajoelina-est-bien-francais_6177722_3212.html Madagascar : le président Rajoelina est bien français]", ''Le Monde.fr'',‎ 15 juin 2023 (vakio eto [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fafrique%2Farticle%2F2023%2F06%2F15%2Fmadagascar-le-president-rajoelina-est-bien-francais_6177722_3212.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url tahiry]], notsidihina tamin' ny 15 juin 2023)</small></ref>, nefa efa aty amin' ny taona 2023 vao nivoaka tamin' ny [[Tambajotra sôsialy|tambajotran-tserasera]] miaraka amin' ny porofo tsy azo lavina ny momba izany. Niteraka ady hevitra izany vaovao izany ka hevitra isan-karazany no nivoaka momba ny fananan' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] zom-pirenena tokana ([[Zom-pirenena frantsay|frantsay]]) na roa ([[Zom-pirenena malagasy|malagasy]] sy frantsay) sy ny maha ara-dalàna na tsia ny naha filohan' ny Repoblika azy nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2019 sy ny filatsahany ho fidina filohan' ny Repoblika amin' ny taona 2023. == Zava-misy manodidina == === Tsy fahafahana milatsaka ho fidina filohan' ny Repoblika tamin' ny taona 2013 === Nandritra ny [[Fahefana Avon' ny Tetezamita|Tetezamita]] teto [[Madagasikara]], tamin' ny volana Janoary 2013 dia nilaza ny tsy hirotsaka ho kandidà amin' ny [[Fifidianana filoham-pirenena ao Madagasikara 2013|fifidianana filoham-pirenena 2013]] i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]]<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2013/01/15/97001-20130115FILWWW00723-madagascar-rajoelina-renonce.php <small>Madagascar: Rajoelina renonce</small>]<small>, ''le Figaro''.</small></ref>. Tamin' ny volana Jolay 2013, taorian' ny fifanolanana momba ny fiverenan' i [[Ravalomanana Marc|Marc Ravalomanana]] an-tanindrazana sy ny fikasan' ireo lohandohan' ny ankolafy mpandray anjara amin' ny fitantanana ny Tetezamita (ankolafy [[Ravalomanana Marc|Ravalomanana]], ny ankolafy [[Ratsiraka Didier|Didier Ratsiraka]], ny ankolafy [[Zafy Albert]] ary ny ankolafy [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina)]] ny hilatsaka koa, dia nanambara ny tenany hirotsaka hofidiana indray i Andry Rajoelina<ref>[http://www.aoraha.com/fifidianana-filoha-kandida%E2%80%88tsy%E2%80%88nampoizina%E2%80%88tamin-ny%E2%80%88ora%E2%80%88farany%E2%80%88rajoelina%E2%80%88andry/ <small>Fifidianana filoha – Kandidà tsy nampoizina tamin’ ny ora farany Rajoelina Andry</small>]</ref>. Nambaran' ny [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) ny sazy hahazo ny firenena malagasy raha tsy esorina ny kandidatiorany sy ny an' ny roa hafa ([[Lalao Ravalomanana]] sy [[Ratsiraka Didier|Didier Ratsiraka]])<ref><small>"[http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/08/17/madagascar-annulation-de-trois-candidatures-a-la-presidentielle-contestees_3462888_3212.html Madagascar fait un pas vers la présidentielle"], ''Le Monde''</small></ref>. Nanaiky ny hiala amin' ny filatsahana ho filoham-pirenena izy ireo nefa afaka nanendry kandidà mpisolo toerana. Izany no nahatonga ny filatsahan-kofidin' i [[Rajaonarimampianina Hery|Hery Rajaonarimampianina]], kandidà mpisolo toerana an' i Andry Rajoelina<ref><small>{{Cite web|title=Kopian' ny arisiva|url=http://www.madagate.com/politique-madagascar/dossier/3658-andry-rajoelina-soutenir-hery-rajaonarimampianina-nest-pas-se-substituer-a-lui.html|accessdate=2013-11-15|archivedate=2013-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111112626/http://www.madagate.com/politique-madagascar/dossier/3658-andry-rajoelina-soutenir-hery-rajaonarimampianina-nest-pas-se-substituer-a-lui.html}}</small></ref>. Nipetraka tany [[Frantsa]] ny fianakaviana Andry Rajoelina taorian' ny fanekeny ny hisitaka amin' ny fanaovana pôlitika mba hahafahan' ny firenena hiverina amin' ny lamina araka ny lalàmpanorenana. === Tsy fifanarahana tamin' ny filoha Hery Rajaonarimampianina (2014-2018) === Rehefa lany soa aman-tsara ho filohan' ny Repoblika i [[Rajaonarimampianina Hery|Hery Rajaonarimampianina]] dia tsy nanaraka ny toromarika nomen' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]], ka anisan' izany ny tokony hanendrena praiminisitra atolotry ny antokon' i Andry Rajoelina sy ny tsy tokony hamoronany antoko pôlitika vaovao. Rava tamin' ny taona 2014 ny fifandraisan' izy roa tonta. Raikitra ny fanoheran' ny antokon' i Andry Rajoelina an' i Hery Rajaonarimampianina izay niafara tamin' ny fananganana governemanta vaovao sy fanaovana fifidianana alohan' ny fotoana tamin' ny taona 2018<ref><small>[https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/ « Vote de destitution : analyse des causes »] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fafrique%2Farticle%2F2015%2F05%2F26%2Fmadagascar-les-deputes-votent-la-destitution-du-president_4641093_3212.html tahiry]] ''Francetvinfo''.</small></ref><ref><small>[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/562750/politique/madagascar-la-cour-constitutionnelle-ordonne-la-nomination-dun-gouvernement-dunion-nationale/ « Madagascar : la Cour constitutionnelle ordonne la nomination d’un gouvernement d’union nationale »] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20180425-madagascar-manifestation-bollore-mis-examen-rsf-classement-afrique-2018 tahiry]], ''JeuneAfrique.com''</small></ref>. == Fahazoana ilay zom-pirenena vahiny == === Tsy nambara tamin' ny Malagasy === Tamin' ny taona 2013 no nanaovan' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] fangatahana [[zom-pirenena frantsay]] ka tamin' ny taona 2014 no nahazoany izany<ref name=":0" />. Nivoaka ny [[didim-panjakana]] nosoniavin' ny praiminisitra frantsay [[Manuel Valls]] sy ny minisitry ny Atitany frantsay [[Bernard Cazeneuve]], tamin' ny 19 Nôvambra 2014. Niseho tao amin' ny gazetim-panjakanan' ny Repoblika Frantsay laharana faha-269 tamin' ny 21 Nôvambra 2014 ny fanapahan-kevitra momba izany. I [[Mialy Rajoelina|Mialy Razakandisa]] vadiny sy ny zanany telo koa dia misitraka izany zom-pirenena frantsay izany<ref name=":2"><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/06/15/madagascar-le-president-rajoelina-est-bien-francais_6177722_3212.html Madagascar : le président Rajoelina est bien français]", ''Le Monde.fr'',‎ 15 juin 2023 (vakio eto [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fafrique%2Farticle%2F2023%2F06%2F15%2Fmadagascar-le-president-rajoelina-est-bien-francais_6177722_3212.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url tahiry]], notsidihina tamin' ny 15 juin 2023)</small></ref>. Tsy nambaran' i Andry Rajoelina tamin' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] izany fananany zom-pirenena frantsay izany ary tsy nanao fanambaràna momba izany koa izy tamin' ny fametrahany ny antontan-taratasy filatsahan-ko fidina ho filohan' ny Repoblika ka afaka nilatsaka soa aman-tsara. === Fivoahan' ilay tsiambaratelo === Taty amin' ny volana Jona 2023 vao nivoaka tao amin' ny [[Tambajotra sôsialy|tambajotran-tserasera]] tamin' ny alalan' i [[Fanirisoa Ernaivo]], izay sady mpitsara no filohan' ny RMDM Diaspora<ref><small>Ny RMDM Diaspora dia ny Rodoben' ny Mpanohitra ho an' ny Demokrasia eto Madagasikara any ivelany.</small></ref>, sy nohamafisin' ny haino aman-jery frantsay ny porofo momba io fananany zom-pirenena frantsay nangatahina io, na dia efa nivoaka an-gazety ny firesahana momba izany talohan' io fotoana io nefa tsy nisy porofo. Niteraka resabe sy ady hevitra teo amin' ny mpanao pôlitika sy ny mpahay lalàna ary ny mpanaraka ny raharaham-pirenena malagasy izany zavatra izany<ref><small>"[https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/madagascar-pol%C3%A9mique-sur-la-nationalit%C3%A9-francaise-du-pr%C3%A9sident-andry-rajoelina/2927834# Madagascar : polémique sur la nationalité française du président Andry Rajoelina]", ''aa.com.tr'', 21 Jona 2023</small></ref>. == Ady hevitra == === Hevitr' i Andry Rajoelina sy ny mpomba azy === Matetika no tsy mifanaraka ny valin-tenin' ny mpanohana an' i Andry Rajoelina momba ny fisitrahany ny zom-pirenena frantsay. ==== Zom-pirenena nolovaina ==== Ny mpiaro an' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] sasany dia milaza fa mizaka zom-pirenena roa, malagasy sy frantsay, i Andry Rajoelina. I [[Romy Voos Andrianarisoa]], talen' ny Kabinetran' ny fiadidiana ny Repoblika, fony izy tany Geneva nanatrika ny Fihaonamben' ny ''Organisation internationale du travail'' (OIT), dia nilaza tamin' ny mpanao gazetin' ny ''Le Monde'' fa ny dadan' ny dadaben-dRajoelina dia nizaka ny zom-pirenena frantsay<ref><small>[https://www.infokmada.org/gazety-le-monde-voaporofo-fa-mizaka-ny-zom-pirenena-frantsay-ny-filoha-rajoelina/ "Gazety ''Le Monde'': voaporofo fa mizaka ny zom-pirenena frantsay ny filoha Rajoelina", infokmada.org] {{Wayback|url=https://www.infokmada.org/gazety-le-monde-voaporofo-fa-mizaka-ny-zom-pirenena-frantsay-ny-filoha-rajoelina/ |date=20230625200625 }} (Youtube)</small></ref><ref><small>" [https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Le-president-Rajoelina-n-a-pas-encore-perdu-sa-nationalite-malgache-dixit.html 'Le président Rajoelina n’a pas encore perdu sa nationalité malgache', dixit Lalatiana Rakotondrazafy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Le-president-Rajoelina-n-a-pas-encore-perdu-sa-nationalite-malgache-dixit.html |date=20230625212647 }}", ''madagascar-tribune.com'', 17 Jona 2023.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Monsieur-le-President-francais-de-la-Republique-de-Madagascar.html Monsieur le Président français de la République de Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Monsieur-le-President-francais-de-la-Republique-de-Madagascar.html |date=20230625212648 }}", ''madagascar-tribune.com'', 17 Jona 2023.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.habarizacomores.com/2023/06/madagascar-le-president-rajoelina-bien.html Madagascar : le président Rajoelina a bien la nationalité francaise]", ''habarizacomores.com'' (15/06/2023)</small></ref>. Nanamafy izany koa i Lalatiana Rakotondravahy, minisitry ny Serasera sy ny Kolontsaina<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/lalatiana-rakotondrazafy-indique-que-andry-rajoelina-est-francais-par-filiation-et-na-pas-renonce-a-sa-nationalite-malgache/ Lalatiana Rakotondrazafy indique que Andry Rajoelina est Français par filiation et n’a pas renoncé à sa nationalité malgache]", ''2424.mg,'' 16 Jona 2023</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://newsmada.com/2023/06/16/double-nationalite-du-president-un-faux-debat-selon-lalatiana-rakotondrazafy/ Double nationalité du président: un faux débat, selon Lalatiana Rakotondrazafy]", ''newsmada.com'', 16 Jona 2023.</small></ref><ref><small>Hoy ny minisitra Lalatiana Rakondravahy tao amin' ny fandaharana "Lazao ny Marina" tao amin' ny TVM : "[…] ''Hamafisiko eto ah, fa ny ra- …. ny dadaben' ny dadabeny, dadan' ny dadaban' ny dadabeny, tsy haiko tsara izany fa hoe ny euh euh ny raiamandrenibeany any amin' ny quatrième génération dia efa frantsay. Izay izany ah, tazomiko hamafisiko eto izay fa izay tompoko ny zava-misy marina. Mino aho fa na ny filoha Andry Rajoelina izay ao aoriana dia mbola afaka mamoaka an’izany, manamafy an' izany zavatra teneniko izany, mamoaka ny fanaporofoana an' izany raha ilaina izany ah'' […]"</small></ref>. ==== Zom-pirenena azo tamin' ny alalan' ny diplômasia ==== Ny sasany koa dia milaza fa tamin' ny alalan' ny [[diplômasia]] no nahazoan' i Andry Rajoelina ny zom-pirenena frantsay fa tsy tamin' ny alalan' ny fangatahana, na dia ny mifanohitra amin' izany aza no marina, dia ny nanaovan' i Andry Rajoelina fangatahana [[zom-pirenena frantsay]]. ==== Tsy nandova zom-pirenena frantsay i Andry Rajoelina ==== Nambara ny filohan' ny Repoblika, Andry Rajoelina fa tsy nandova zom-pirenena frantsay satria nanary izany zom-pirenena izany ny rainy izay nisitraka izany talohan' ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara<ref><small>Hoy i Andry Rajoelina: "[…] ''Ny raiko a, dia niditra tao amin’ ny miaramila euh ah frantsay izy, nanapa-kevitra izy hoe : hijanona ho tafika malagasy. Rehefa mijanona amin’ ny tafika malagasy izay ah dia very ny zom-pirenena maha euh frantsay azy'' […]".</small></ref>. ==== Mijanona ho Malagasy na dia mizaka ny zom-pirenena frantsay ==== Misy koa ireo nilaza fa tsy manova ny maha Malagasy an' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] sy ny fitiavan-tanindrazany ny fizakany ny zom-pirenena frantsay<ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Reponse-indirecte-de-Andry-Rajoelina-sur-sa-binationalite.html Réponse indirecte de Andry Rajoelina sur sa binationalité] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Reponse-indirecte-de-Andry-Rajoelina-sur-sa-binationalite.html |date=20230625200626 }}", ''madagascar-tribune.com,'' 19 Jona 2023</small></ref><ref><small>« [https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/madagascar-la-nationalite-francaise-presumee-du-president-andry-rajoelina-provoque-une#:~:text=Des%20documents%20a Madagascar : la nationalité française présumée du président Andry Rajoelina provoque une crispation politique] » [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Finformation.tv5monde.com%2Fafrique%2Fmadagascar-la-nationalite-francaise-presumee-du-president-andry-rajoelina-provoque-une%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDes%2520documents%2520attestant%2520de%2520la%2Cfait%2520perdre%2520la%2520nationalit%25C3%25A9%2520malgache.#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url tahiry]], ''TV5Monde'', 22 jona 2023</small></ref>. Tsy vitsy ihany koa, hoy izy ireo, ny mpitondra malagasy nanana zom-pirenena frantsay, ka anisan' ny voatonona ny jeneraly [[Ramanantsoa Gabriel|Ramanantsoa]], araka ny hita ao amin' ny ''Madagate'' ("Anisan' izany isika eto Madagasikara hatramin' izay, raha tsy mikasika an' ny Jeneraly Gabriel Ramanantsoa (13 avrily 1906 - 09 may 1979) izay nandimby ny Filoha Philibert Tsiranana, ny taona 1972. Tsy vitan' ny hoe nanambady frantsay vavy izy fa sady nizaka zom-pirenena frantsay sy malagasy izy.")<ref><small>Izao ny voasoratra ao amin' ny Madagate: "Anisan' izany isika eto Madagasikara hatramin' izay, raha tsy mikasika an' ny Jeneraly Gabriel Ramanantsoa (13 avrily 1906 - 09 may 1979) izay nandimby ny Filoha Philibert Tsiranana, ny taona 1972. Tsy vitan' ny hoe nanambady frantsay vavy izy fa sady nizaka zom-pirenena frantsay sy malagasy izy.", ''[https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8126-fanirisoa-ernaivo-omeo-azy-ny-zom-pirenena-frantsay-andriamatoa-macron-fa-tsy-hody-aty-dago-intsony-io.html madagate.org]'' (01/07/2023)</small></ref><ref><small>Fanamarihana: Miaramila ny janeraly Ramanantsoa ka tsy mety ho very mihitsy ny zom-pirenena malagasy ananany raha tsy mangataka izany amin' ny governemanta malagasy izy ka mahazo izay angatahiny, araka ny andininy faha-43 amin' ilay fehezean-dalàna momba ny zom-pirenena malagasy.</small></ref>. ==== Lalàna malagasy efa tsy manan-kery intsony ==== Ny hafa indray miaiky fa nangatahin' i Andry Rajoelina ilay [[zom-pirenena frantsay]] fa tsy nolovainy tamin' ny ray aman-dreniny, nefa noho ny tsy nampiharana hatry ny ela ny lalàna momba ny [[zom-pirenena malagasy]], ka nahafahan' ny Malagasy maro nanana zom-pirenena roa, dia foana hoazy io lalàna io na dia tsy misy lalàna hafa nanafoana azy<ref><small>Tsy foana ho azy anefa ilay lalàna raha mbola eo ilay zavatra feheziny amin' ny maha lalàna azy, na raha tsy misy lalàna mitovy ambaratonga aminy nasolo azy na manafoana azy, raha tsy misy lalàna ambony ambaratonga noho izy izay manafoana ny fampiharana azy.</small></ref><ref><small>Anisan' ny nanohana izany hevitra izany i Idéalson Keron, solombavambahoaka voafidy tany amin' ny [[Distrikan' Ampanihy]], nefa niova hevitra taty aoriana.</small></ref>. Manamarika an' io tsy fampiharana ilay lalàna io ny filazana ao amin' ny ''Madagate''<ref><small>Izao no filazan' ny Madagate: "''Io fepetra noraisina taoriana kelin' ny fiveranan' ny Fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara io anefa dia zara raha nampiharina, hany ka tsy nampiasaina intsony mihitsy aza ka lasa toa haingon-dalàna sisa''", [https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8126-fanirisoa-ernaivo-omeo-azy-ny-zom-pirenena-frantsay-andriamatoa-macron-fa-tsy-hody-aty-dago-intsony-io.html magadate.org] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8126-fanirisoa-ernaivo-omeo-azy-ny-zom-pirenena-frantsay-andriamatoa-macron-fa-tsy-hody-aty-dago-intsony-io.html |date=20230710091412 }} (01/07/2023)</small></ref>. Noho izany, amin' izy ireo, dia tsy very ny fizakan' i Andry Rajoelina ny zom-pirenena malagasy, ary mizaka zom-pirenena roa malagasy sy frantsay izy. === Ny hevitr' ireo tsy ao amin' ny fitondram-panjakana === ==== Zom-pirenena tokana: frantsay ==== Tsy nandova zom-pirenena frantsay amin' ny maha zanak' olona mizaka rahateo ny zom-pirenena frantsay i Andry Rajoelina matoa nangataka izany ary nahazo izany tamin' ny alalan' ny [[didim-panjakana]], araka ny voasoratra ao amin' ny gazetim-panjakana frantsay. Ny mpitsikera ny fitondrana Rajoelina sy ny mpahay lalàna maro dia milaza fa very ny fizakan' i [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] ny zom-pirenena malagasy ka tsy manana afa-tsy zom-pirenena frantsay izy<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/politique/resaka-zom-pirenena-frantsay-hisy-akony-ara-politika-ho-an-drajoelina-ve-56081.php Resaka zom-pirenena frantsay Hisy akony ara-politika ho an-dRajoelina ve ?]", ''Tiatanindrazana.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.infokmada.org/andry-rajoelina-nanao-fausse-declaration-mombanny-fizakana-ny-zom-pirenena-malagasy/ Andry Rajoelina: nanao "fausse déclaration" momban’ny fizakana ny zom-pirenena malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://www.infokmada.org/andry-rajoelina-nanao-fausse-declaration-mombanny-fizakana-ny-zom-pirenena-malagasy/ |date=20230625200625 }}" ''infokmada.org''</small></ref><ref><small>" [https://www.koolsaina.com/andry-rajoelina-nest-pas-un-bi-national-il-est-exclusivement-francais-selon-un-avocat/ 'Andry Rajoelina n'est plus un bi-national, il est exclusivement français', selon un avocat"], ''koolsaina.com''</small> </ref>. ==== Mbola manan-kery ilay didy hitsivolana ==== Mbola manan-kery ny [[didy hitsivolana]] mifehy ny zom-pirenena malagasy satria mbola tsy misy didy hitsivolana na lalàna nasolo na nanafoana azy sady mbola tsy nisy olona nitondra porofo ny amin' ny fananan' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] iray na maro zom-pirenena frantsay nefa mbola mitahiry ny zom-pirenena malagasy, tsy anisan' izany ny olona ao na tao amin' ny Tafika malagasy. I [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]] no voaporofo fa manana zom-pirenena frantsay. ==== Vokatry ny tsy fananana intsony ny zom-pirenena malagasy ==== Tsy tokony ho nahazo nilatsaka ho filohan' ny Repoblika tamin' ny taona 2018 i Andry Rajoelina satria tsy nanaja ny [[Lalàmpanorenan' i Madagasikara|Lalàmpanorenana]]<ref><small>"[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/le-monde-est-a-nous/polemique-a-madagascar-le-president-n-est-pas-malgache-mais-francais_5872304.html Polémique à Madagascar : le président n'est pas malgache... mais français]" [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Freplay-radio%2Fle-monde-est-a-nous%2Fpolemique-a-madagascar-le-president-n-est-pas-malgache-mais-francais_5872304.html#& tahiry]], ''Francetvinfo.fr'', 21 juin 2023</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/madagascar-pol%C3%A9mique-sur-la-nationalit%C3%A9-francaise-du-pr%C3%A9sident-andry-rajoelina/2927834# Madagascar : polémique sur la nationalité française du président Andry Rajoelina]" [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ffr%2Fafrique%2Fmadagascar-pol%25C3%25A9mique-sur-la-nationalit%25C3%25A9-francaise-du-pr%25C3%25A9sident-andry-rajoelina%2F2927834%23#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url tahiry]], sur Anadolu Agency, 21 juin 2023</small></ref><ref name=":1" />. Efa tsy Malagasy i Andry Rajoelina nanomboka tamin' ny nahazoany ny zom-pirenena frantsay tamin' ny taona 2014, ary tsy tokony nitondra an' i [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny maha filohan' ny Repoblika azy tamin' ny taona 2019, ka tokony hametra-pialana na hesorina fa mpamadika tanindrazana<ref name=":1" /><ref><small>"[https://newsmada.com/2023/06/24/antoko-politika-miisa-sivy-miantso-ny-hiarovana-ny-soatoavina-repoblikanina/ Antoko politika miisa sivy: miantso ny hiarovana ny soatoavina repoblikanina]", ''newsmada.com'', 24 Jona 2023</small></ref>. Voahitsakitsaka ny [[fiandrianam-pirenena]] satria Frantsay no mitondra an' i Madagasikara<ref><small>"[https://newsmada.com/2023/06/17/fizakana-zom-pirenena-frantsay-mangata-panazavana-aminny-filoha-rajoelina-ny-mmm/ Fizakana zom-pirenena frantsay: mangata-panazavana amin' ny filoha Rajoelina ny MMM]", ''newsmada.com'', 17 Jona 2023.</small></ref>. == Ny lalàna == Ny lalàna momba ny zom-pirenena malagasy sy ny lalàna momba ny zom-pirenena frantsay no voakasiky ny adihevitra momba ny zom-pirenen' i Andry Rajoelina. === Ny lalàna frantsay === [[Sary:France Flag Wavy.jpg|vignette|137x137px|Sainam-pirenena frantsay]] Ny [[zom-pirenena frantsay]] dia fehezin' ny ''Code civil'' ("Fehezandalàna Sivily") sy ny Lalàmpanorenan' ny Repoblika Frantsay<ref><small>Ny zo sivika sy pôlitika dia ny fahafahana: mifidy, milatsaka ho  fidina, manao ny asan' ny mpitsara, mijoro vavolombelona eo anetrehan' ny fitsarana, mitondra fitaovam-piadiana, mirotsaka ao amin' ny tafika, misahana raharaha fampianarana, sns</small></ref>. Misy ny fanavahana ny fanolorana ny zom-pirenena frantsay (''attribution de la nationalité''), vokatry ny maha manam-piaviana frantsay, sy ny fahazoana izany (''acquisition de la nationalité'') ho an' ny olona nateraky ny ray sy reny tsy frantsay. ==== Fahazoana ny zom-pirenena noho ny fanana ray na reny frantsay ==== Frantsay noho ny fianahana (''filiation'') ny zaza nateraky ny ray na reny frantsay na izy roa miaraka. Zo avy amin' ny ra izany (''droit du sang'', na ''jus sanguinis'')<ref><small>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006419373/2023-08-04 ''Code civil'' andininy faha-18] ([https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FWAspad%2FUnArticleDeCode%3Fcode%3DCCIVILL0.rcv%26art%3D18#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url arsiva]).</small></ref>. ==== Fahazoana zom-pirenena amin' ny alalan' ny didim-panjakana ==== Azo amin' ny alalan' ny "didim-panjakana fananganana ho olom-pirenena" (''décret de naturalisation'') koa ny zom-pirenena frantsay, ho an' ny olon-dehibe vahiny nangataka izany, izay efa zatra nipetraka tao amin' ny tanim-pirenena frantsay nandritra ny dimy taona farafahakeliny, izany fe-potoana izany dia mety hihena amin' ny toe-javatra sasany toy ny fianarana any Frantsa sy ny fanatanterahana asa lehibe ho an' i Frantsa. Araka ny andininy faha-21-24 ao amin' ny ''Code civil'' frantsay dia tsy misy olona azo atsangana ho olom-pirenena frantsay raha tsy voamarina ny firaisam-pony amin' ny fiarahamonina frantsay, indrindra amin' ny alalan' ny fahalalany ampy ny teny frantsay, ny tantaran' i Frantsa, ny kolontsaina frantsay ary ny fiarahamonina frantsay. Takina koa ny fahalalany ampy momba ny zo sy ny adidy adidy omen' ny zom-pirenena frantsay sy ny fankatoavany ny foto-kevitra sy ny soatoavina fototry ny Repoblika. Manao sonia ny "Dina mifehy ny zo sy adidin' ny olom-pirenena frantsay" (''Charte des droits et devoirs du citoyen français'') ilay olona rehefa azo raisina ny fangatahany<ref><small>« [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do;jsessionid=226D4E4D058D46C33E78390C0387293A.tpdjo17v_3?idArticle=LEGIARTI000024197100&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&categorieLien=id&dateTexte=20130127 Article 21-24 de la loi du 16 juin 2011] » [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichCodeArticle.do%3Bjsessionid%3D226D4E4D058D46C33E78390C0387293A.tpdjo17v_3%3FidArticle%3DLEGIARTI000024197100%26cidTexte%3DLEGITEXT000006070721%26categorieLien%3Did%26dateTexte%3D20130127 arsiva]], ''legifrance.gouv.fr''</small></ref><ref><small>« [https://naturalisation-francaise.fr/2018/09/11/les-questions-pendant-lentretien-a-la-prefecture-naturalisation-par-decret/ Questions entretien naturalisation] {{Wayback|url=https://naturalisation-francaise.fr/2018/09/11/les-questions-pendant-lentretien-a-la-prefecture-naturalisation-par-decret/ |date=20230630060246 }} » [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturalisation-francaise.fr%2F2018%2F09%2F11%2Fles-questions-pendant-lentretien-a-la-prefecture-naturalisation-par-decret%2F arsiva]], ''naturalisation-francaise.fr''.</small></ref><ref><small>« [[Naturalisation par décret 2022 France Démarches|Naturalisation par décret 2022]] », ''francedemarche.fr'' [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrancedemarches.fr%2Fnaturalisation-par-decret-2022%2F arsiva]], 24 juillet 2018</small></ref>. === Ny lalàna malagasy === [[Sary:Animated-Flag-Madagascar.gif|vignette|128x128px|Sainam-pirenena malagasy]]Amin' ny maha filohan' ny Repoblikan' i Madahasikara an' i Andry Rajoelina dia ny [[Lalàmpanorenan' i Madagasikara|Lalàmpanorenana malagasy]] sy ny Lalàna fehizoro momba ny fifidianana ary ny Fehezan-dalàna momnba ny zom-pirenena malagasy no voakasika. ==== Ny Lalàmpanorenana malagasy ==== Araka ny andininy faha-46 ao amin' ny [[Lalàmpanorenan' i Madagasikara|Lalàmpanorenana malagasy]] tamin' ny 17 Nôvambra 2010, ny olona tsy mizaka ny zom-pirenena malagasy dia tsy afaka mirotsaka amin' ny fifidianana filohan' ny Repoblikan' i Madagasikara<ref><small>Jean-Pierre Maury, [https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/mg2010.htm "Madagascar, Constitution de la IVe République 2010, Digithèque MJP"] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Fconstit%2Fmg2010.htm tahiry]], mjp.univ-perp.fr.</small></ref><ref><small>Inty ny andalana voalohan' ny andininy faha-46 ao amin' ny Lalàmpanorenena malagasy: "''Tout candidat aux fonctions de Président de la République doit être de nationalité malagasy, jouir de ses droits civils et politiques, avoir au moins trente-cinq ans à la date de clôture du dépôt des candidatures, résider sur le territoire de la République de Madagascar depuis au moins six mois avant le jour de la date limite fixée pour le dépôt des candidatures''".</small> </ref>. ==== Ny Lalàna fehizoro momba ny fifidianana ==== Ny toko faha-4 ao amin' ny Lalàna fehizoro laharana faha-2018-009 mifehy ny fifidianana ny filohan' ny Repoblika no miresaka ny fepetra ahafaha-mirotsaka ho fidina<ref><small>"[https://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Loi-orga-n%C2%B02018-009-version-FINALE-PROMULGUEE-11-mai-2018.pdf Loi organique 2018-009 relative à l'élection du Président de la République]" (pdf), ''ceni-madagascar.mg''</small></ref>. Ao amin' ny andininy faha-10 dia anisan' ny takina miaraka amin' ny fanambaràna ny filatsahan-ko fidina ny kopian' ny sora-pahaterahana na ny karapanondrom-pirenena, sy ny taratasy fanamarinana ny fizakana ny zom-pirenena malagasy voaisy daty tsy mihoatra ny telo volana<ref><small>Inty ilay andininy faha-10:</small>''<small>"Tout candidat aux fonctions de Président de la République, outre les conditions prévues à l’article 46 de la Constitution, doit :</small>'' ''<small>- être en règle vis-à-vis des lois et règlements relatifs à l’inscription sur la liste électorale et justifier d’une inscription effective sur cette liste;</small>'' ''<small>- avoir rempli ses obligations fiscales et s’être acquitté de tous les impôts et taxes exigibles de toute nature ;</small>'' ''<small>- n’avoir jamais été condamné pour crimes ou délits par une décision de justice devenue définitive ;</small>'' ''<small>- avoir rempli ses obligations en matière de déclaration de patrimoine, pour toute personne concernée."</small>''</ref>. ==== Ny Fehezan-dalàna momba ny zom-pirenena malagasy ==== Ny andininy faha-42 hatramin' ny faha-49 ao amin' ny Fehezan-dalàna momba ny zom-pirenena malagasy no mahakasika ny fahaverezan' ny zom-pirenena malagasy, nefa ny andininy faha-42 hatramin' ny faha-46 no resahina matetika amin' ity fananan' i Andry Rajoelina zom-pirenena frantsay ity: * Araka ny andininy faha-42 ao amin' ny Didy hitsivolana laharana faha-60-064 tamin' ny 22 Jolay 1960 momba ny [[zom-pirenena malagasy]], dia very avy hatrany ny fizakana ny zom-pirenena malagasy raha nahazo zom-pirenena vahiny an-tsitrapo ny Malagasy feno taona<ref><small>Didy hitsivolana laharana faha-60-064 tamin' ny 22 Jolay 1960</small></ref><ref name=":3"><small>Inty ny andininy faha-42 ao amin' ny Didy hitsivolana faha-60-064: "''Perd la nationalité malgache, le Malgache majeur qui acquiert volontairement une nationalité étrangère''."</small></ref>. * Tsy anisan' izany ny Malagasy ao amin' ny Tafika malagasy nahazo zom-pirenena vahiny, izay tsy mahavery ny fizakany ny zom-pirenena malagasy raha tsy manao fangatahana amin' ny fitondram-panjakana malagasy ka mahazo izany, araka ny andininy faha-43<ref name=":4"><small>Ity ny andininy faha-43 ao amin' ny Didy hitsivolana faha-60-064: "''Toutefois, jusqu’à l’expiration d’un délai de quinze ans à partir, soit de l’incorporation dans l’armée active, soit de l’inscription sur les tableaux de recensement en cas de dispense du service actif, la perte de la nationalité malgache est subordonnée à l’autorisation du Gouvernement malgache. Cette autorisation est accordée par décret. Ne sont pas astreints à solliciter l’autorisation de perdre la nationalité malgache: 1° Les exemptés du service militaire; 2° Les titulaires d’une réforme définitive; 3° Tous les hommes, mêmes insoumis, après l’âge où ils sont totalement dégagés des obligations du service militaire, conformément à la loi sur le recrutement de l’armée''"</small></ref><ref><small>Matetika tsy resahin' ny mpahay lalàna sy mpaneho hevitra manohana ny fitondrana ity resaka momba ny olona ao amin' ny Tafika malagasy ity ka mahatonga ireo andininy manadrify azy (andininy faha-43 ka hatramin' ny faha-45) ho toa mahakasika ny sokajin' olona renetra.</small></ref>. * Ny andininy faha-44 dia mahakasina ny fanovana ny fe-potona lazain' ny andininy faha-43 raha misy ny ady mitam-piadiana ifanaovana amin' ny firenena hafa<ref name=":5"><small>Inty ny andininy faha-44 ao amin' ny Didy hitsivolana faha-60-064: "''En temps de guerre, la durée du délai prévu à l’article précédent peut être modifiée par décret''."</small></ref>. * Ny andininy faha-45 dia mahakasika ireo manana zom-pirenena roa na mihoatra (malagasy sy vahiny) izay afaka mangataka hanary ny zom-pirenena malagasy<ref name=":6"><small>Inty ny andininy faha-45 ao amin' ny Didy hitsivolana faha-60-064:</small> <small>"''Perd la nationalité malgache, le Malgache, même mineur, qui, ayant une nationalité étrangère, est autorisé, sur sa demande, par le Gouvernement malgache, à perdre la qualité de Malgache. Cette autorisation est accordée par décret.''</small> <small>''Le mineur doit, le cas échéant, être autorisé ou représenté dans les conditions prévues à l’article 36."''</small> </ref>. * Ny andininy faha-46 dia milaza fa tsy terena intsony haneho fanajana sy fanoavana eo anatrehan' ny firenena malagasy ny olona tsy mananana intsony ny zom-pirenena malagasy<ref name=":7"><small>Inty ny andininy faha-46 amin' ny Didy hitsivolana faha-60-064:</small> <small>"''Le Malgache qui perd la nationalité malgache est libéré de son allégeance à l’égard de Madagascar:''</small> ''<small>1° Dans le cas prévu aux articles 42 et 43 à la date de l’acquisition de la nationalité étrangère;</small>''<small>''2° Dans le cas prévu à l’article 45 à la date du décret l’autorisant à perdre la qualité de Malgache''."</small></ref>. == Jereo koa == * [[Fahefana Avon' ny Tetezamita]] * [[Lalàmpanorenan' ny Repoblikan' i Madagasikara|Lalàmpanorenan' i Madagasikara]] * [[Fitsaràna Avo Momba ny Lalàmpanorenana (Madagasikara)|Fitsaràna Avo Momba ny Lalàmpanorenana]] * [[Zom-pirenena malagasy]] * [[Zom-pirenena frantsay]] * [[Fiandrianam-pirenena]] * [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay]] * [[Nosy Miparitaka|Iles Éparses]] * [[Tantaran' i Madagasikara]] == Rohy ivelany == '''Fehezan-dalàna mifehy ny zom-pirenena malagasy''' * "[http://www.justice.mg/?page_id=3306 Loi n° 2016 – 038 modifiant et complétant certaines dispositions de l’Ordonnance n° 60-064 du 22 juillet 1960 portant Code de la nationalité malagasy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justice.mg/?page_id=3306 |date=20230625200628 }}", ''justice.mg'' (pdf) * [http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Madagascar-Code-de-la-nationalit%C3%A9-mis-%C3%A0-jour-2017.pdf "Code de la nationalité malagasy mise à jour, 2017",], ''citizenshiprightsafrica.org'' * "[https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4f5473682.pdf Code de la nationalité malagasy]", ''refworld.org'' '''Fehezan-dalàna mifehy ny zom-pirenena frantsay''' * "[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/LEGISCTA000006120365 Code de nationalité française]", ''legifrance.gouv.fr'' * "[https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2213 Naturalisation française par décret]", ''service-public.fr'' * "[https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/Integration-et-Acces-a-la-nationalite/La-nationalite-francaise/Les-conditions-et-modalites-de-l-acquisition-de-la-nationalite-francaise Les conditions et modalités de l’acquisition de la nationalité française]", ''immigration.interieur.gouv.fr'' '''Lalàna fehizoro mifehy ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena''' * "[https://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Loi-orga-n%C2%B02018-009-version-FINALE-PROMULGUEE-11-mai-2018.pdf Loi organique 2018 - 009 relative à l’élection du Président de la République]", ''ceni-madagascar.mg'' '''Lalàmpanorenena malagasy''' * "[http://www.mef.gov.mg/dgcf/textes-pdf/constitution/CONSTITUTION-IV.pdf Constitution de la quatrième République] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mef.gov.mg/dgcf/textes-pdf/constitution/CONSTITUTION-IV.pdf |date=20210918175340 }}", ''mef.gov.mg'' (pdf) * "[http://www.hcc.gov.mg/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/CONSTITUTION-IV.pdf Constitution de la quatrième république]" [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hcc.gov.mg%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F09%2FCONSTITUTION-IV.pdf%2Findex.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url tahiry]], ''www.hcc.gov.mg, Haute Cour Constitutionnelle de Madagascar'', 11 décembre 2010 (pdf). == Loharano sy fanamarihana == <references /> {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Andry Rajoelina]] a7i2whlh2ibmrfwtdkhl1qobxn9j9z4 0 287474 1146983 1077233 2026-07-07T03:01:14Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Jean Brunelle Razafitsiandraofa |teraka= |maty= |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} I '''Jean Brunelle Razafitsiandraofa''' mpanao politika malagasy. Kandidà tamin'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena tamin'ny 2023 izy dia nanatevin-daharana ny ankivy tamin'ny fifidianana ary nahazo vato 1,43%. ==Nahazao alalana== *[[Solombavambahoaka]]n’i Madagasikara 2019-2023: [[Distrikan' Ikongo|Ikongo]]- antoko politika: [[IRD]]<ref>[https://balaky.org/deputes/razafintsiandraofa-jean-brunelle/ Balaky.org]</ref> avy eo [[Antoko politika Madio]] (APM) * [[Solombavambahoaka]]n’i Madagasikara 2013-2018: [[Ikongo]] - antoko politika: [[MAPAR]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/dossier/3808-madagascar-legislatives-2013-nom-des-151-deputes-elus-provisoirement.html |title=Madagascar legislatives 2013 |access-date=2024-05-31 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531070153/https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/dossier/3808-madagascar-legislatives-2013-nom-des-151-deputes-elus-provisoirement.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Antoko politika (2024)<ref>[https://malagasynews.com/info-breves/jean-brunelle-razafitsiandraofa-candidat-du-parti-antoko-politika-madio-apm-et-goulamaly-masy-pour-le-parti-avontantsika-miaraka-i-madagasikara-amm-ces-2-deputes-ont-depose-leurs-candidature-aup/ Malagasy News]</ref>: [[Antoko Politika Madio]] (APM) == Jereo koa == * [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara]] [[sokajy:Mpanao politika malagasy]] 7w8dkas1cvjtn7znqve8am06sdcc7fm 0 287770 1146987 1144575 2026-07-07T07:43:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Ravolaza Fidèle Razara'''<ref>[https://balaky.org/deputes/razara-pierre-ravolaza-fidele/ Balaky.org]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/7998-2022-06-06-09-31-46.html |title=Razara Pierre Ravolaza Fidèle. Flagrant délire de sédition - 06 JUIN 2022 |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629010943/https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/7998-2022-06-06-09-31-46.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, 54 taona<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://assemblee-nationale.mg/razara-pierre-ravolaza-fidele-2/ |title=assemblee-nationale.mg |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629010947/https://assemblee-nationale.mg/razara-pierre-ravolaza-fidele-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, dia [[mpanao politika]] sy [[mpanao gazety]] eto {{Madagasikara}}. ==Fe-potoana iasany== Solombavambahoakan’Ambatondrazaka: 2019: TIM ([[Ambatondrazaka]]) 2024: [[Firaisankina]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/les-elections-legislatives-etaient-une-etape-et-non-un-objectif/ |title=Firaisankina : « Les élections législatives étaient une étape et non un objectif |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629071726/https://midi-madagasikara.mg/les-elections-legislatives-etaient-une-etape-et-non-un-objectif/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka malagasy]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao gazety malagasy]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika malagasy]] jp6thurq1884g6wgo5z93dzjjl234ll 0 288352 1146889 1081988 2026-07-06T14:50:48Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanisy sary 1146889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Pierre Boiteau au PBZT en 1946.jpg|vignette|367x367px|Pierre Boiteau]] I '''Pierre Louis Boiteau''' dia [[Bôtanika|bôtanista]] frantsay teraka tamin' ny 3 Desambra 1911 tao Cognac ary maty tamin' ny 1 Septambra 1980 tao [[Orsay]] any [[Essonne]]. Ny iray amin' ny zanany vavy, Lucile Boiteau-Allorge, dia bôtanista ihany koa. == Ny fiainany == Rehefa avy nianatra tao amin' ny École d'horticulture de Versailles izy dia niainga ho aty [[Madagasikara]] tamin' ny 26 Ôktôbra 1932 hanao raharaha miaramila izay nifarana tamin' ny 23 Desambra 1933. Tamin' ny taona 1934 izy dia nanomboka nanangona zavamaniry nohamainina. Tain' ny voalohany izy dia niandraikitra ny tontolo maitso ao [[Antsirabe]] ary nanangana ny Parc de l'Est tao amin' io tanàna io. Nandray ny asany tao amin' ny [[Valan-javamaniry amam-bibin' i Tsimbazaza]] (Parc botanique et zoologique Tsimbazaza), ao Antananarivo izy tamin' ny Septambra 1935. Nandritra izany fotoana izany dia nianatra [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] izy ary nahazo ny mari-pahaizana momba ny teny malagasy (''brevet supérieur de langue malgache'') tamin' ny taona 1937. Tamin' ny taona 1936 izy dia nangatahin' ny Dokotera. Ch Grimes mba hiaraka aminy ho any amin' ny fitaizana ny boka tao [[Manankavely]], any amin' ny lalana mankany [[Toamasina]]. Ny teny malagasy dia nahafahany mifandray amin' ny [[Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana|mpitsabo nentim-paharazana]]. Namantatra ny zavamaniry enina ampiasainy izy, anisan' izany ny [[talapetraka]] (''Centella asiatica'' na ''Hydrocotyle asiatica''). Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1937 ny fandalinany ny fahombiazan' ny fanafody avy amin' ny zavamaniry. Izany no niandohan' ny fikarohana izay nifarana tamin' ny taona 1942 tamin' ny fahazoana ny singa atao hoe ''asiaticoside'' nataon' i Bontems (Bontems J. E., 1942) sy ny famolavolana ny fanafody ''madecassol'' niarahana amin' i [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]]. Ny fidiram-bola avy amin' izany no nahafahana nananganana ny [[Institut malgache de recherches appliquées]] (IMRA). Ny Dokotera Ratsimamanga dia nitantana labôratoara ao amin' ny 12 rue de l'École-de-Médecine tany [[Paris]], izay nantsina hoe "Laboratoire de physiologie nutritionnelle, des hormones et des vitamines" ary nandray an' i Pierre Boiteau izay voaroaka teto Madagasikara, [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|tolom-bahoaka nataon' ny Malagasy tamin' ny 1947]]. Nanohy ny fikarohana nataony izy sady niara-niasa tamin' ny ekipa tao amin' ny labôratoaran-tsimia tao amin' ny Museum Muséum (Boiteau ''& al.'', 1948). Mpanolo-tsaina tao amin' ny [[Union française]] izy tamin' ny taona 1949 ka hatramin' ny 1958, izay naha sekretera azy. Tamin' ny voalohany izy dia niandraikitra ny raharaha fikarohana tao amin' ny Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) tamin' ny taona 1949 ka hatramin' ny 1952 ka i Edgar Lederer sy i André Lwoff no mpanohana azy. Avy eo izy dia lasa talen' ny labôratoara famantarana ny zavamaniry ao amin' ny Institut de chimie des substances naturelles-Centre national de la recherche scientifique (ICSN-CNRS) tao [[Gif-sur-Yvette]] (Essonne) tamin' ny 1968 ka hatramin' ny nahafatesany. Namoaka lahatsoratra maro niaraka tamin-dRatsimamanga izy, ka anisan' izany ny ''Éléments de pharmacopée malgache''. Ny boky fizaràna voalohany ihany no tafavoaka, noho ny tsy fisian' ny vola. Avy eo i Pierre Boiteau dia namoaka ny ''Précis de matière médicale malgache'' tamin' ny tana 1979. Maty tamin' ny Septambra 1980 izy noho ny [[homamiadana]]. Tamin' ny 1 Septambra 1982, ny paositra eto Madagasikara dia namoaka [[hajia]] misy ny sarin' i Pierre Boiteau. Ny iray amin' ny zanany vavy, i Lucile Boiteau-Allorge, dia bôtanista ihany koa. == Famoaham-boky == * Ch. Grimes (1939). Le traitement de la lèpre par l'Hydrocotyle asiatica. ''Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique,'' XXXII (6) : 692. * M. Bontems (1942). Sur un Glucoside nouveau : l'Asiaticoside isolé à partir de Hydrocotyle asiatica (ombellifères). ''Gazette médicale de Madagascar'' n° 15 : 29-33. * J. Devanne & R. Razafimahery (1942). Glucoside et résine de l'Hydrocotyle asiatica. ''Gazette médicale de Madagascar'' : 15-34. * Ch. Grimes & P. Boiteau (1945). Rapport sur la thérapeutique de la lèpre. Huitième rapport annuel de la Société du Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, 1944. * P. Boiteau (1945). Travaux sur l'Asiaticoside (étude botanique). Neuvième rapport annuel de la Société du Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza. * P. Boiteau (1945). Travaux sur l'Asiaticoside. Rapport annuel du laboratoire de botanique et de technologie végétale : 26-40. * P. Boiteau (1947). Contribution à l'étude du rôle des glucosides dans le métabolisme de la plante''. Bulletin de la société de chimie biologique''. XXIX (4-6) : 451-453. * P. Boiteau & R. Saracino (1948). Premiers essais au sujet de l'action de l'Asiaticoside sur les lupus érythémateux et sur certaines lésions produites par les bacilles de Hansen & Koch. ''Le médecin français.'' VIII (19), 10 oct. 1948. * P. Boiteau, A. Buzas, E. Lederer & J. Polonsky (1948). Sur la constitution chimique de l'Asiaticoside. ''Nature'', 163 : 258. London. Communication Congrès de Chimie biologique, oct. 1948. * P. Boiteau & A.R. Ratsimamanga (1956). L'asiaticoside extrait de Centella asiatica et ses emplois thérapeutiques dans la cicatrisation des plaies expérimentales et rebelles (lèpre, tuberculose cutanée et lupus). ''Thérapie'' II (1) : 125-151. * P. Boiteau (1958). Contribution à l'histoire de la Nation malgache. Préface d’Émile Tersen. Éditions sociales. Paris, France. * A.R. Ratsimamanga & P. Boiteau (1964). Propriétés thérapeutiques des extraits de Centella et de leurs constituants triterpéniques isolés. ''Annales de l'université de Madagascar''. 2 : 101-107. * P. Boiteau, B. Pasich & A.R. Ratsimamanga (1964). ''Les triterpénoïdes en physiologie végétale et animale.'' Gauthier-Villars (Paris) : 1370 pages. Asiaticoside : p 240-242, 841-842 et 1215-1268. * A. Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, P. Boiteau et M. Mouton (1969) ''Éléments de Pharmacopée malagasy''. IMRA (Antananarivo, Madagascar) : 5-306. en ligne sur Pl@ntUse <small>[archive]</small> * P. Boiteau (1979). ''Précis de matière médicale malgache''. La Librairie de Madagascar (Antananarivo, Madagascar) : 97 p. * Pierre Boiteau, Marthe Boiteau et Lucile Allorge ''Dictionnaire des noms malgaches des végétaux'' Éditions Alzieu. Grenoble. 1999 == Zavamaniry ara-tsiansa mitondra ny anarany == * ''Helichrysum boiteaui'' Humbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1938 : 662. * ''Bulbophyllum boiteaui'' Perrier de la Bâthie, Not. Syst., 1939 : 38. * ''Senecio boiteaui'' Humbert, Not. Syst. 1942 : 110. * ''Aloe boiteaui'' Guillaumin,* *Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. nat. 1942 : 349. * ''Asplenium boiteaui'' Tardiot-Blot, Mém. Inst. Scient. Madagascar, sér. B, VII, 1956 : 51. * ''Croton boiteaui'' Léandri, Adansonia, sér. 2, X(3), 1970 : 313. * ''Pandaca boiteaui'' Markgraf, Adansonia, sér. 2, XII(2), 1972 : 218. * ''Benthamia boiteaui'' Hervouet, Adansonia, sér. 3, XXXVI (2), 2014 : 209 85bbotph1n2c6qwum5asjl0wdvncjb0 0 290102 1146985 1136442 2026-07-07T04:01:14Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Countries by Corruption Perceptions Index (2022).svg|vignette|359x359px|Sarintany maneho ny tondro maneran-tany momba ny fahitana kolikoly tamin' ny taona 2022 araka ny ''[[Transparency International]]''. Anisan' ny firenena be kolikoly indrindra i Madagasikara.]] Ny '''kolikoly eto Madagasikara''' dia olana goavana mahazo ny sehatra rehetra eo amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy, manomboka amin' ny fanaovana [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara|pôlitika]] sy amin' ny [[Toekaren' i Madagasikara|toekarena]] ka hatrany amin' ny [[fitsarana]]<ref><small>"[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230220-madagascar-les-dysfonctionnements-au-sein-de-la-justice-pr%C3%A9occupent-le-secteur-priv%C3%A9? Madagascar: les dysfonctionnements au sein de la justice préoccupent le secteur privé]", ''www.rfi.fr'' (20/02/2023)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Des-elus-locaux-et-des-agents.html? Corruption : des élus locaux et des agents publics en première ligne]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com'' (14/05/2025)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.orange.mg/actu-orange-mg/fr/le-phenomene-de-la-corruption-a-madagascar-persiste-a-un-niveau-eleve.html? Le phénomène de la corruption à Madagascar persiste à un niveau élevé] {{Wayback|url=https://www.orange.mg/actu-orange-mg/fr/le-phenomene-de-la-corruption-a-madagascar-persiste-a-un-niveau-eleve.html |date=20250422103856 }}", ''www.orange.mg'' (19/08/2024)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/457692/politique/madagascar-corruption-pressions-magistrats-se-rebiffent/ Madagascar : corruption, pressions…les magistrats se rebiffent]", www.jeuneafrique.com (6/07/2017)</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2023 ny [[Transparency International|''Transparency International'']] dia nanakilasy an' i [[Madagasikara]] ao amin' ny laharana faha-145 amin' ny firenena miisa 180 ary nanome tondrom-pahitana kolikoly 25/100 an' ity firenena ity<ref><small>"[https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ Indice de Perception de la Corruption 2023] {{Wayback|url=https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ |date=20241213204129 }}", ''www.transparency.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/madagascar/ 2024 Investment Climate Statements: Madagascar]", ''www.state.gov''</small></ref>. Maro ny antony mahatonga ny [[kolikoly]] eto [[Madagasikara]], izay ahitana antony ara-tantara, ara-tsôsialy, ara-toekarena, ara-pôlitika ary ara-panjakana<ref name=":2"><small>"[https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/evaluations/world-bank-group-madagascar/chapter-1-background-and-country-context? Chapter 1 | Background and Country Context]", ''ieg.worldbankgroup.org''</small> </ref><ref name=":3"><small>"[https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2017/224/article-A001-en.xml? Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues - Governance and Corruption]", ''www.elibrary.imf.org'' (18/07/2017)</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2024 dia nahazo naoty 26/100 i Madagasikara ao amin' ny tondrom-pahitana kolikoly, laharana faha-140 amin' ny firenena 180. Ity filaharana ity dia taratry ny olana maharitra toy ny tsy fanasaziana ny manampahefana mpanao kolikoly, ny maha voafetra ny fahazoana fitsarana, tsy fahampian' ny fiarovana ny mpampaneno lakolosy ary ny famatsiam-bola ara-pôlitika tsy mazava<ref><small>"[https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ Indice de perception de la corruption 2024, Modeste avancée de Madagascar, entre une lutte timide et des moyens limités] {{Wayback|url=https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ |date=20241213204129 }}", ''www.transparency.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.transparency.mg/actualites/presentation-des-resultats-du-diagnostic-des-risques-et-de-perception-de-la-corruption-dans-les-processus-de-securisation-fonciere/ Corruption foncière à Madagascar: 43% des répondants en sont victimes]", ''www.transparency.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/06/19/madagascar-et-predator-le-contrat-a-5-millions-d-euros_6241427_3212.html Madagascar et Predator, le contrat à 5 millions d’euros]", ''www.lemonde.fr''</small></ref>. Manimba ny tombontsoan' ny daholobe izany. Misy vokany ratsy eo amin' ny fampandrosoana ny firenena sy ny fiadanan' ny vahoaka malagasy ity olana ity.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />. Amin' ny heviny ankapobeny dia [[fanararaotam-pahefana]] atao mba hahazoana tombontsoa manokana tsy ara-dalàna ny kolikoly<ref><small>"[https://www.u4.no/topics/anti-corruption-basics/basics? Anti-corruption basics]", ''www.u4.no'' (18/06/2025)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/anti-corruption/module-1/key-issues/corruption---baseline-definition.html? Corruption: a baseline definition]", ''www.unodc.org'' (1997)</small></ref>. Sarotra ny miady amin' ny [[kolikoly]] eto Madagasikara noho ny tsy fahampian' ny finiavana pôlitika izay tokony hatanjaka sy haharitra<ref name=":4"><small>"[https://uncaccoalition.org/new-civil-society-report-on-madagascar-momentum-built-on-anti-corruption-initiatives-requires-concrete-legal-action-and-increased-political-will-to-advance-efforts/ New Civil Society Report on Madagascar: Momentum built on anti-corruption initiatives requires concrete legal action and increased political will to advance efforts]", ''uncaccoalition.org'' (13/08/2021)</small></ref>. Manampy trotraka koa ny fanoherana ataon' ny tambajotra mpanao kolikoly amin' ny alalan' ny fametrahany paikady fiarovan-tena sy fitazonany ny tombontsoany<ref name=":8"><small>"[https://www.u4.no/publications/madagascar-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption? Madagascar: Overview of corruption and anti-corruption] {{Wayback|url=https://www.u4.no/publications/madagascar-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption |date=20250419123551 }}", ''www.u4.no'' (9/03/2021)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://weafrica24.com/2025/02/12/madagascars-anti-corruption-efforts-show/ Madagascar’s Anti-Corruption Efforts Show Slow Progress, Says Transparency International]", ''weafrica24.com'' (12/02/2025)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://environmental-corruption.org/news/the-true-cost-of-corruption-inside-madagascar-s-32? The true cost of corruption: Inside Madagascar’s endangered tortoise trade]", ''environmental-corruption.org''</small></ref>. Na dia izany aza dia hetsika maro no efa natao hiadiana amin' ny kolikoly, ka mahakasika ny rafi-pitsarana sy ny [[lalàna]] ary ny andrim-panjakana sy ny fiaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena izany<ref><small>"[https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2017/225/article-A001-en.xml? Republic of Madagascar - Economic Development Document]", ''www.elibrary.imf.org'' (18/07/2017)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/117/article-A001-en.xml? Republic of Madagascar: 2022 Article IV Consultation, Third Review Under The Extended Credit Facility Arrangement, and Requests for A Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Madagascar]", ''www.elibrary.imf.org'' (21/03/2023)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/100268.html? Supporting Madagascar’s authorities in the fight against corruption]", ''www.giz.de''</small></ref>. == Antony mahatonga ny kolikoly == Maro ny antony mahatonga ny [[kolikoly]] eto [[Madagasikara]], anisan' izany ny antony ara-tantara, ara-tsôsialy, ara-toekarena, ara-pôlitika ary ara-panjakana<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />. === Antony ara-tsôsialy sy ara-toekarena === ==== Fahantrana sy tsy fitoviana ==== Manosika ny olona hanao [[kolikoly]] ny [[fahantrana]] izay mahazo saika ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] rehetra, toraka izany koa ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy sy ara-toekarena izay mitombo hatrany. Manosika ny olona hanao kolikoly, mba hahazoana izay ilainy na hanatsarana bebe kokoa ny fidiram-bolany, ny faharefoana ara-toekarena<ref><small>"[https://hal.science/hal-01826884v1/document Corruption et croissance économique à Madagascar]", ''hal.science''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/madagascar/publication/madagascar-afe-poverty-assessment-navigating-two-decades-of-high-poverty-and-charting-a-course-for-change Madagascar Poverty Assessment: Navigating Two Decades of High Poverty and Charting a Course for Change]", ''www.worldbank.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/02/21/world-banks-assessment-warns-of-rising-urban-poverty-in-afe-madagascar-and-recommends-broad-based-and-sustained-growth World Bank’s Assessment Warns of Rising Urban Poverty in Madagascar and Recommends Broad-Based and Sustained Growth]", ''www.worldbank.org''</small></ref>. ==== Tsy fananana asa sy fahasahiranana ara-bola ==== Lehibe loatra ny tahan' ny tsy fisian' asa eto [[Madagasikara]], indrindra eo amin' ny tanora, sy ny tsy fadraisana anjara eo amin' ny [[toekarena]], ka mahatonga ny olona sasany hihevitra fa fomba mahomby amin' ny fitadiavana asa na amin' ny fampidiram-bola ny fanaovana [[kolikoly]]<ref><small>"[https://www.afrobarometer.org/publication/ad999-plus-instruits-les-jeunes-malgaches-sont-pourtant-plus-touches-par-le-chomage/ AD999: Plus instruits, les jeunes malgaches sont pourtant plus touchés par le chômage]", ''www.afrobarometer.org'' (16/06/2025)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://observatoiredelajeunesse.wordpress.com/2025/01/21/lemploi-des-jeunes-a-madagascar-un-defi-persistant-malgre-les-efforts/ L’emploi des jeunes à Madagascar : un défi persistant malgré les efforts]", ''observatoiredelajeunesse.wordpress.com'' (21/01/2025)</small></ref>. Ao anatin' ny tontolon' ny fahasahiranana ara-toekarena dia mitombo ny kolontsaina manao zavatra tsy araka ny lalàna sy ny fifandaminana ny tsy fanarahan-dalàna ivelan' ny fitsarana, izay indraindray tsy ara-dalàna, nefa heverin' ny maro fa ilaina<ref><small>"[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/d52a4b97-a00a-5eaa-8993-698910223a1b Making Work Pay in Madagascar : Employment, Growth, and Poverty Reduction]", ''openknowledge.worldbank.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/closed-circles-of-mistrust-envy-aspirations-and-urban-sociality-in-coastal-madagascar/ED169CCEE4AB90D77466D99DC27E9535? Closed circles of mistrust: envy, aspirations and urban sociality in coastal Madagascar]", ''www.cambridge.org'' (23/03/2018)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-informality-and-social-norms? Corruption, informality and social norms]", ''www.u4.no''</small></ref>. ==== Tsy fahampian' ny karaman' ny mpiasam-panjakana ==== Manosika ny mpiasam-panjakana hanaiky [[tsolotra]], mba hamenoany ny fidiram-bolany, ny tsy fahampian' ny karamany<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Country-Profile-Madagascar-2019.pdf Overview of corruption and anticorruption in Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Country-Profile-Madagascar-2019.pdf |date=20250107154531 }}", ''knowledgehub.transparency.org''</small></ref><ref><small>Razanajatovo Hajatiana, "[https://fr.scribd.com/document/730497721/La-corruption-dans-l-administration-publique-RazanajatovoHajatiana-ECO-M1-12 La corruption dans l'administration publique]", ''fr.scribd.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No71/No71_21PA_Ravalomanda.pdf Corruption control in criminal justice: the Madagascar situation, problems and solutions and corruption cases]", ''www.unafei.or.jp''</small></ref>. === Antony ara-pôlitika sy miankina amin' ny andrim-panjakana === ==== Fahalemen' ny fanjakana tan-dalàna ==== Mampirisika ny fanaovana [[kolikoly]] ny fahalemen' ny [[fanjakana tan-dalàna]], izay ahitana fitsarana miadam-piasa sy tsy mahomby, ahitana [[tsimatimanota]] miely patrana sy tsy fanajana ny lalàna. Ao koa ny tsy fahampian' ny sazy mandaitra izay tokony tsy haha te hanao kolikoly<ref name=":0" />. ==== Fitondrana tsy marin-toerana ==== Tsy mahazo antoka ny hoaviny ny Malagasy vokatry ny fisian' ny [[tsimatimanota]], hany ka mirongatra ny [[kolikoly]] sy ny tsy fahamarin-toeran' ny fitondrana. Izany toe-javatra izany dia lasa aretina lavareny sy miteraka tetezamita pôlitika mitranga matetika izay mampirongatra ny kolikoly<ref name=":0" />. ==== Fahalemen' ny andrim-panjakana mpanara-maso ==== Matetika tsy manana fitaovana sy loharanom-bola ary fahaleovan-tena ho enti-miasa amim-pahombiazana ny andrim-panjakana isan-karazany tompon' andraikitra amin' ny ady amin' ny [[kolikoly]] eto Madagasikara, toy ny rafitra mpanara-maso sy ny fisafoana ary ny fitsarana<ref name=":0" />. ==== Kiantranoantrano sy fizahan-tavan' olona ==== Mampiroborobo ny [[kolikoly]] sy ny fisitrahana tsy ara-dalàna ny volam-panjakana sy ny fitaovam-panjakana, ny fizahan-tavan' olona sy ny [[kiantranoantrano]], izay anomezana toerana sy tombontsoa mifototra amin' ny fahitahitana (relation personnelle) sy ara-pôlitika fa tsy mifototra amin' ny fahaiza-manao<ref><small>"[https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/kproducts/Overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption-in-Madagascar-2021_U4-reviewed_PR.pdf? Overview of corruption and anti-corruption in Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/kproducts/Overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption-in-Madagascar-2021_U4-reviewed_PR.pdf |date=20211221170452 }}", ''knowledgehub.transparency.org''</small></ref><ref name=":5"><small>"[https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/25089/1/SerreBastien2017.pdf? La lutte contre la corruption à Madagascar (PDF)]" (thèse de doctorat), ''publications.ut-capitole.fr''</small></ref>. ==== Tsy fahampian' ny mangarahara sy ny tamberin' andraikitra ==== Manosika amin' ny fanaovana [[kolikoly]] eto Madagasikara ny tsy fahampian' ny mangarahara amin' ny fitantanana ny raharaham-panjakana. Ao koa ny tsy fahampian' ny fampahalalam-baovao sy ny tsy fisian' ny rafitra mahomby momba ny [[tamberin' andraikitra]]<ref><small>"[https://tradingeconomics.com/madagascar/cpia-transparency-accountability-and-corruption-in-the-public-sector-rating-1-low-to-6-high-wb-data.html Madagascar - CPIA Transparency, Accountability, And Corruption In The Public Sector Rating (1=low To 6=high)]", ''tradingeconomics.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high)]", ''data.worldbank.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://uncaccoalition.org/new-civil-society-report-on-madagascar-momentum-built-on-anti-corruption-initiatives-requires-concrete-legal-action-and-increased-political-will-to-advance-efforts/ New Civil Society Report on Madagascar: Momentum built on anti-corruption initiatives requires concrete legal action and increased political will to advance efforts]", ''uncaccoalition.org'' (13/08/2021)</small></ref>. ==== Fiarovana ny tombontsoan' antoko pôlitika ==== Matetika dia leferina, na misy mamporisika mihitsy aza, ny [[kolikoly]] eto [[Madagasikara]], hany ka mahazo vahana ny [[tsimatimanota]] eo amin' ny fanaovana kolikoly. Manana anjara toerana lehibe amin' ny fanaovana kolikoly ny tambajotra pôlitika miaro ny mpanao kolikoly mampandroso ny tombontsoan' antoko<ref name=":9"><small>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/madagascan-presidents-ex-aide-guilty-offering-mining-licence-bribes-2024-02-20/ Madagascan president's ex-aide convicted of offering mining licence for bribes]", ''www.reuters.com'' (20/02/202)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://freedomhouse.org/country/madagascar/freedom-world/2024?utm_source=PANTHEON_STRIPPED Madagascar]", ''freedomhouse.org''</small></ref>. === Antony ara-kolontsaina === ==== Lova navelan' ny vanim-potoana faha mpanjaka ==== Amin' ny fiarahamonina malagasy sasany, ny rafi-pahefana nentim-paharazana, toy ny fitondran' ny lehibem-poko na filoham-poko, na ny rafitra ahitana [[sarangam-poko]] ([[andriana]], [[Andevo (teto Madagasikara)|andevo]], sns), dia nisy fiantraikany lehibe teo amin' ny fiainana ara-[[pôlitika]] sy ara-[[toekarena]]<ref name=":10"><small>"[https://bti-project.org/fileadmin/api/content/en/downloads/reports/country_report_2024_MDG.pdf? BTI 2024 Country Report - Madagascar]", ''bti-project.org''</small></ref>. Indraindray ireo rafitra ireo dia miaraka amin' ny fanao misy [[fizahan-tavan' olona]] sy [[kiantranoantrano]] ary [[kolikoly]], izay ahitana fitsinjaràna ny loharanon-karena mifototra amin' ny fifandraisan' ny tena manokana na ny maha iray vondrona ([[fianakaviana]], [[saranga]], [[Vondrom-poko|foko]])<ref name=":4" /><ref><small>"[https://www.elibrary.imf.org/configurable/content/book$002f9781513584058$002fCH009.xml?t:ac=book%24002f9781513584058%24002fCH009.xml Chapter 9: Madagascar: Institution-Building in a Fragile State]", ''www.elibrary.imf.org'' (18/03/2022)</small></ref>. Misy fiantraikany amin' ny fanao sasany sy mandrisika ny endrika kolikoly sasany eto [[Madagasikara]] ny fifamatorana misy eo amin' ny fahefana nentim-paharazana sy ny fahefana ara-pôlitika<ref name=":5" /><ref><small>"[https://ocindex.net/country/madagascar? Madagascar]", ''ocindex.net'' (2023)</small></ref><ref><small>Jean Frémigacci, [https://books.openedition.org/pur/62386 ''État moderne et culture politique nationale à Madagascar''], ''books.openedition.org''</small></ref>. ==== Lova napetraky ny fanjanahan-tany ==== Namela lova eo amin' ny fitantananan-draharaham-panjakana ny tantaran' ny [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|fanjanahantany teto Madagasikara]]<ref name=":6"><small>"[https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/the-impact-of-colonialism-on-madagascar-wars-0a001a7d.html? The Impact of Colonialism on Madagascar Wars]", ''www.mexicohistorico.com''</small></ref><ref name=":7"><small>"[https://www.aehnetwork.org/blog/the-colonial-legacy-of-corruption-among-local-elites-in-africa/ The Colonial Legacy of Corruption Among Local Elites in Africa]", ''www.aehnetwork.org''</small></ref>. Nanjakan' ny [[didy jadona]] sy ny tsy fisian' ny [[tamberin' andraikitra]] amin' ny mponina eo an-toerana indraindray ny rafitra fanjanahantany sy ny fitrandrahana ny loharanon-karena ho tombontsoan' i [[Frantsa]]<ref name=":7" /><ref><small>"[https://www.cdsafrica.org/reclaiming-justice-madagascars-rightful-fight-for-the-scattered-islands/ Reclaiming Justice: Madagascar’s Rightful Fight for the Scattered Islands]", ''www.cdsafrica.org''</small></ref>. Namela takaitra teo amin' ny toe-tsain' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] sy teo amin' ny fomba fitondrana ny andrim-panjakana rehetra izany fanao izany, ka nahatonga ny fandeferana manoloana ny [[fanararaotam-pahefana]] sy ny fandaminana tsy ara-pitsarana<ref name=":6" />. Nahatonga fampivangongoana fahefana sy fitantanan-draharaha tsy mangarahara indraindray ny vanim-potoan' ny fanjanahantany frantsay, izay nanamora ny karazana [[kolikoly]] sasany<ref><small>"[https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/MDG? Madagascar Country Report 2024]", ''bti-project.org''</small></ref>. ==== Kolontsaina ankehitriny ==== Miorim-paka lalina ao anatin' ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]] ny [[kiantranoantrano]], izay manamora ny tambajotra mifototra amin' ny [[kolikoly]]. Manampy izany koa ny fanomezana lanjany ny tsiambaratelo sy ny fahanginana ka mahatonga ny Malagasy tsy ho zatra na harisika amin' ny filazana ny zava-misy tsy ara-dalàna<ref name=":8" /><ref><small><nowiki>''</nowiki>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629823001518? (Re)Interpreting corruption in local environments: Disputed definitions, contested conservation, and power plays in Northern Madagascar]", ''www.sciencedirect.com''</small></ref>. Manamafy ny fanaovana kolikoly eto Madagasikara ny fahitana fa toa manamora ny fahazoana tolotra avy amin' ny sampan-draharaham-panjakana ny kolikoly. Tsy ampy ny fanabeazana ho olom-banona sy ny fahazoam-baovao ka tsy afaka mitory momba ny fisian' ny kolikoly ny ankamaroan' ny olom-pirenena<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.afrobarometer.org/publication/ad302-les-malgaches-deplorent-lampleur-de-la-corruption-mais-craignent-de-la-signaler/ AD302: Les Malgaches déplorent l’ampleur de la corruption, mais craignent de la signaler]", ''www.afrobarometer.org''</small></ref>. === Antony mifandray amin' ny fitantanana ny harena voajanahary === ==== Habetsahan' ny harena voajanahary ==== Ny [[Loharanon-karena voajanahary|harena voajanahary]] eto [[Madagasikara]], toy ny [[ala]] sy ny [[Harena an-kibon' ny tany|harena ankibon' ny tany]] ary ny harena momba ny [[jono]], izay mety hiteraka fikirakirana vola be, dia misarika ny fitsiriritana, ka mahatonga ny kolikoly, indrindra eo amin' ny sehatry ny fitrandrahana [[Hazo (akora)|hazo]] sy ny [[Fitrandrahana harena an-kibon' ny tany eto Madagasikara|fitrandrahana harena an-kibon' ny tany]] ary ny jono<ref><small>"[https://globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/illegal-malagasy-timber-trade-worth-up-to-460000-a-day/ Illegal Malagasy timber trade worth up to $460,000 a day]", ''globalwitness.org'' (02/12/2009)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://eia.org/press-releases/unless-domestic-rosewood-and-ebony-trade-in-madagascar-are-tightly-regulated-the-countrys-rainforests-are-still-in-jeopardy/ Unless domestic rosewood and ebony trade in Madagascar are tightly regulated, the country’s rainforests are still in jeopardy]", ''eia.org'' (4/02/2025)</small></ref>. ==== Fahalemen' ny arofanina ==== Mampiroborobo ny [[kolikoly]] ny fahalemena na ny fahabangan' ny andrim-panjakana mifehy ny fitrandrahana ny harena voajanahary na ny tsy fampiharana ny arofanina ara-dalàna. Indraindray, na matetika mihitsy aza, no tsy mahomby sady tsy mangarahara ny fomba fiasan' ny sampan-draharaham-panjakana misahana ny harena voajanahary<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":10" /><ref><small>"[https://www.u4.no/publications/the-gold-sector-in-madagascar-at-the-heart-of-illicit-practices? The gold sector in Madagascar: at the heart of illicit practices]", ''www.u4.no'' (28/11/2022)</small></ref>. == Sehatra anjakan' ny kolikoly == Betsaka ny sehatra anjakan' ny kolikoly eto [[Madagasikara]], ka anisan' izany ny fitsarana, ny fitandroana ny filaminana, ny hetra, ny fadin-tseranana, ny fananan-tany, ny varotra, ny indostria, ny tontolo iainana, ny [[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fanabeazana]] ary ny fahasalamana<ref><small>"[https://www.privacyshield.gov/ps/article?id=Madagascar-corruption Madagascar - Corruption]", ''www.privacyshield.gov''</small></ref>. === Sehatr' asam-panjakana amin' ny ankapobeny === Mamely ny sehatra maro amin' ny asam-panjakana eto [[Madagasikara]] ny [[kolikoly]]. Araka ny fahitan' ny besinimaro sy ny fanadihadiana dia tsy mitovy ny halalin' ny fisian' ny kolikoly eo amin' ny sehatra isan-karazany. Asehon' ny fanadihadiana nataon' ny ''[[Afrobaromètre]]'' ny fijerin' ny [[Malagasy]] fa mahery vaika ny firongatry ny kolikoly<ref name=":1" />. ==== Fitandroana ny filaminana sy fitsarana ==== Voasokajy ho anisan' ny mpanao kolikoly lehibe indrindra eto Madagasikara ny ao amin' ny fitandroana filaminana<ref name=":1" />, izay ahitana ny pôlisy sy ny zandarimariam-pirenena. Izany dia miseho amin' ny alalan' ny fitakiana tsolotra mba tsy hampiharana lamandy, amin' ny alalan' ny fisamborana tsy ara-dalàna na ny tsy fanohizana intsony ny fanadihadiana momba ny raharaha izay efa natakalo vola. Heverina ho tena ahitana mpanao kolikoly be ihany koa ny rafi-pitsarana<ref name=":1" />. Misy fiantraikany amin' ny [[didim-pitsarana]] sy amin' ny fanapahan-kevitra momba ny fanamelohana na ny famotsorana ny olona tsaraina izany<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>"[https://www.u4.no/publications/madagascars-specialised-anti-corruption-court-the-quest-to-end-impunity Madagascar’s specialised anti-corruption court: The quest to end impunity]", www.u4.no (21/10/2019)</small></ref>. ==== Fitantanan-draharaham-panjakana ==== Ny fitantanan-draharaham-panjakana amin' ny ankapobeny eto [[Madagasikara]] dia ahitana kolikoly. Ohatra, ny fahazoana antontan-taratasy ara-panjakana (fahazoan-dalana, [[kara-panondro]], sns.) dia mety hitarazoka na hitsahatra mihitsy raha tsy misy ny fandoavana [[tsolotra]]. Maro ny mpiasam-panjakana voarohirohy amin' ny fanodinkodinam-bola na fizahan-tavan' olona momba ny fanomezana [[tsenam-baro-panjakana]]<ref><small>"[https://www.pplaaf.org/cases/misappropriation-of-public-health-funds-in-madagascar.html? Misappropriation of Public Health Funds in Madagascar]", ''www.pplaaf.org''</small></ref>. ==== Fananan-tany ==== Mazàna no manjavozavo ny fifampiraharahana momba ny [[fananan-tany]] izay mora andairan' ny kolikoly, ka miteraka ady tany sy fakana tanin' olona an-keriny tsy ara-dalàna ary fanaovana hosoka ny antontan-taratasy<ref><small>"[https://engoo.com/app/daily-news/article/small-farmers-in-madagascar-say-chinese-investors-forced-them-to-sell-their-land-for-dirt-cheap/yfdCAEt8Eee8IAOR5NT5Ww? Small Farmers in Madagascar Say Chinese Investors Forced Them to Sell Their Land for Dirt Cheap]", ''engoo.com'' (15/06/2017)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://globalvoices.org/2017/06/05/land-grabs-chinese-investors-madagascar/ Small Farmers in Madagascar Say Chinese Investors Forced Them to Sell Their Land for Dirt Cheap]", ''globalvoices.org'' ('''5/06/2017''')</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://mg.globalvoices.org/2017/06/06/101469/ Shinoa Mpampiasa Vola Manery Tantsaha Malagasy Hivarotra ny Taniny Amin'ny Ariary Fito]", ''mg.[[Global Voices amin'ny teny Malagasy|globalvoices]].org''</small></ref>. Mety ho sarotra sy andoavam-bola be ny fahazoana taratasin-tany noho ny kolikoly<ref><small>"[https://gret.org/en/the-challenges-of-land-governance-in-west-africa-and-madagascar/ The challenges of land governance in West Africa and Madagascar]", ''gret.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.privacyshield.gov/ps/article?id=Madagascar-corruption& Madagascar - Corruption]", ''www.privacyshield.gov''</small></ref>. Ny fanadihadiana nataon' ny [[Transparency International Initiative Madagascar]] tamin' ny taona 2023 no nahafantarana fa ny 43&nbsp;% amin' ny olona nandray fepetra hiaro ny fananan-taniny dia niharan' ny kolikoly<ref><small>"[https://www.transparency.org/en/news/beautiful-land-corruption-discrimination-land-rights-sub-saharan-africa? This beautiful land; corruption, discrimination and land-rights in Sub-Saharan-Africa]", ''www.transparency.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/24.04.09_LO-RES-REV-THIS-BEAUTIFUL-LAND-LCD-REPORT.pdf? THIS BEAUTIFUL LAND Corruption, discrimination and land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa]", ''images.transparencycdn.org''</small></ref><ref name=":11" />. Anisan' ny fanao amin' izany ny [[tsolotra]], ny [[fanararaotam-pahefana]] ary ny fanodikodinam-pahefana ataon' ny mpiasan' ny [[fananan-tany]] sy ao amin' ny [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina]] ary ny [[fokontany]]<ref name=":11"><small>"[https://www.transparency.mg/actualites/presentation-des-resultats-du-diagnostic-des-risques-et-de-perception-de-la-corruption-dans-les-processus-de-securisation-fonciere/ Corruption foncière à Madagascar: 43% des répondants en sont victimes]", ''www.transparency.mg''</small></ref>. ==== Fadintseranana ==== Ny kolikoly eny amin' ny [[fadintseranana]] dia miseho amin' ny alalan' ny fanombanana ambany ny entana, sy fanambaràna diso na fandoavam-bola tsy ara-dalàna, mba hanamorana ny fampidirana na fanondranana entana tsy ara-dalàna na tsy nanaovana fanambaràna<ref><small>"[https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp9489.pdf? Corruption in Customs]", ''www.ifo.de''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/detecting-tariff-evasion-low-income-countries-new-evidence-matched-transaction-level? Detecting tariff evasion in low-income countries: New evidence from matched transaction-level data]", ''cepr.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/developmenttalk/five-operational-lessons-new-research-corruption-customs? Five operational lessons from new research on corruption in customs]", ''blogs.worldbank.org''</small></ref>. ==== Fitrandrahana ny harena voajanahary ==== Ahitana fitrandrahana tsy ara-dalàna ny sehatry ny [[Loharanon-karena voajanahary|harena voajanahary]], toy ny fanapahana [[andramena]] sy ny fitrandrahana [[vatosoa]] ary ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. Izany dia matetika mifandray amin' ny kolikoly ataon' ny mpitondra fanjakana<ref><small>"[https://washmatters.wateraid.org/blog/mineral-rights-to-human-rights-capturing-madagascars-resource-wealth? Mineral rights to human rights: capturing Madagascar’s resource wealth to end water and sanitation poverty]", ''washmatters.wateraid.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://e360.yale.edu/features/madagascar-rosewood-singapore-trafficking? How Traffickers Got Away with the Biggest Rosewood Heist in History]", ''e360.yale.edu''</small></ref>. Na dia eo aza ny fandaniana [[fehezan-dalàna]] vaovao momba ny harena ankibon' ny tany tamin' ny taona 2023 izay mikendry ny hampitombo ny mangarahara, dia mbola simba ihany ny sehatra noho ny fahazoan-dalana tsy mazava sy ny kolikoly, izay manakivy ny mpampiasa vola matotra<ref name=":9" /><ref><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/06/28/a-madagascar-un-nouveau-code-d-extraction-miniere-pour-relancer-un-secteur-fige_6245091_3234.html A Madagascar, un nouveau code d’extraction minière pour relancer un secteur figé]", ''www.lemonde.fr''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/06/28/a-madagascar-ke-rafitoson-promue-nouvelle-vigie-de-l-extraction-miniere_6245070_3234.html? A Madagascar, Ke Rafitoson promue nouvelle vigie de l’extraction minière]", ''www.lemonde.fr''</small></ref>. ==== Fonja ==== Araka ny fanadihadiana natao tamin' ny taona 2024 dia manjaka ny kolikoly any amin' ny raharahan' ny fonja malagasy. Mitatitra ny voafonja fa tsy maintsy mandoa tsolotra mba hahazoana sakafo, famindrana fonja na fitsidihan' ny fianakaviana. Manamarina ireo fanao ireo ny mpiambina noho ny tsy fahampian' ny loharanon-karena sy ny faharatsian' ny tontolon' ny asa<ref><small>"[https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/une-etude-sur-la-corruption-dans-les-prisons-a-madagascar-publiee-par-transparency-international-1483535.html Une étude sur la corruption dans les prisons à Madagascar publiée par Transparency International]", ''la1ere.francetvinfo.fr''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2024/03/22/predator-une-plainte-deposee-en-france-concernant-l-utilisation-du-logiciel-espion-a-madagascar_6223552_4408996.html Predator : une plainte déposée en France concernant l’utilisation du logiciel espion à Madagascar]", ''www.lemonde.fr''</small></ref>. === Sehatra tsy miankina === Eto [[Madagasikara]] dia miseho ao amin' ny sehatra tsy miankinahany koa ny [[kolikoly]], izay miteraka tsy rariny eo amin' ny fifaninanana sy mampihisatra ny fampiasam-bola ary manimba ny fitokisan' ny mpisehatra ara-toekarena<ref><small>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/madagascar-market-challenges? Madagascar market challenges]", ''www.trade.gov''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://baselgovernance.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/NCPA%20Paper%20Edition%202%20Update.pdf? Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption]", ''baselgovernance.org''</small></ref>. ==== Kolikoly amin' ny samy tsy miankina ==== Mahazo ny orinasa tsy miankina ny [[kiantranoantrano]] sy ny fiangarana. Hita izany amin' ny fampidirana olona avy amin' ny fianakaviana na havan' ny olona manam-pahefana, ho mpiasa, izay tsy misy fijerena fahaiza-manao. Mazàna ny tompon' andrakitra sasany amin' ny orinasa eto Madagasikara no manao izany mba hahazoana tombony tsy ara-drariny<ref><small>"[https://www.transparency.org/en/press/transparency-international-calls-for-accountability-in-madagascars-lychee-market? Transparency International calls for accountability in Madagascar’s lychee market]", ''www.transparency.org'' (10/11/2022)</small></ref>. Mahazo ny sehatra ara-bola koa ny kolikoly, ohatra amin' izany ny [[famotsiam-bola]], ny fampindramam-bola misy hosoka na ny fanodinkodinana ny fitanana kaonty<ref name=":4" /><ref><small>"[https://pwyp.org/deep-concern-about-the-possible-prosecution-of-ketakandriana-rafitoson-in-madagascar/ Deep concern about the possible prosecution of Ketakandriana Rafitoson in Madagascar]", ''pwyp.org''</small></ref>. ==== Kolikoly miaraka amin' ny mpiasam-panjakana ==== Mety hiseho amin' ny fifampiraharahana ara-barotra ny [[kolikoly]], ohatra amin' ny alalan' ny fanondrotana ny vola voasoratra anaty faktiora, ny fanaovana faktiora sandoka na fandoavam-bola tsy ara-dalàna. Mety hotombanana ambany ny vidin' entany na hisy hosoka ny taratasin' ny [[fadintseranana]] mba hahatonga ny orinasa mpanafatra sy mpanondrana entana tsy handoa haban-tseranana. Mety hiakatra anefa ny saran' ny fandraharahana noho izany fanao izany, izay mety hiteraka fatiantoka. Mety handoa [[tsolotra]] amin' ny mpiasam-panjakana ny orinasa mba hahazoana fifanarahana, fahazoan-dàlana na fanomezan-dàlana. Azon' izy ireo atao ihany koa ny mandoa vola miafina amin' ny mpifaninana mba hanodinana ny antso ho an' ny tolo-bidy na ho fizaràna ny tsena. Miteraka tsy fampiharana ny fitsipiky ny fifaninanana sady manimba ny orinasa tsy mampiasa fomba tsy ara-dalàna izany kolikoly izany. == Vokatry ny kolikoly == Miteraka fanodinkodinana ny harem-bahoaka, izay tokony hampiasaina hamatsiana ny tetikasa fampandrosoana eto Madagasikara, ny [[kolikoly]]. Mampitombo ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy ity fanao mamohehatra ity satria mampitombo ny haren' olom-bitsy izay mampahantra ny sarambabem-bahoaka. Miteraka fahapotehan' ny asa sahanin' ny fanjakana ho an' ny daholobe ny kolikoly, anisan' ireo asa ireo ny fahasalamana, ny [[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fanabeazana]] ary ny famatsiana [[angovo]] sy [[rano]]. Ity fanao ity koa dia mampikorosy fahana ny [[fanjakana tan-dalàna]] ary mampihena ny fitokisan' ny olom-pirenena ny fanjakana sy ny andrim-panjakana ao aminy. === Fiantraikany eo amin' ny toekarena === ==== Vato misakana ny fitomboana ara-toekarena ==== Eto Madagasikara dia manakivy ny fampiasam-bola avy any ivelany sy eto an-toerana ny [[kolikoly]] satria miteraka tontolo tsy azo antoka sy tsy azo atokisana. Ny orinasa dia misalasala hampiasa ny volany amin' ny sehatra tsy ahitana fitsipi-dalao mazava fa matetika mitaky fanaovana kolikoly mba hahazoana fifanarahana na fahazoan-dalana. Araka ny fanadihadiana natao dia mety hihena 0,5&nbsp;% hatramin' ny 1&nbsp;% isan-taona ny fitomboan' ny [[toekaren' i Madagasikara]] vokatry ny kolikoly. ==== Fanodinkodinana ny fampiasam-bolam-panjakana ==== Ny volam-panjakana natao hanomezana tolotra tena ilaina ho an' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] ([[fanabeazana]], [[fahasalamana]], [[fotodrafitrasa]]) dia lasa tombontsoa samirerin' ny mpanao kolikoly. Miteraka fiharatsian' ny asam-panjakana sy tsy fahampian' ny fampiasam-bola amin' ny [[fotodrafitrasa]] ilaina amin' ny fampandrosoana ara-toekarena izany. ==== Fidangan' ny fandaniana ==== Ny kolikoly dia miteraka fandaniana fanampiny ho an' ny orinasa eto Madagasikara, izay tsy maintsy mandoa [[tsolotra]] na mizaka fatiantoka mifandray amin' ny kolikoly. Miantraika amin' ny vidin' ny entana sy amin' ny tolotra izany fandaniana fanampiny izany, izay misy fiantraikany amin' ny fahefa-mividin' ny mpanjifa. ==== Fanodinkodinana ny fifaninanana ==== Ny kolikoly dia mandiso ny fitsipika mifehy ny tsena ary manimba ny orinasa manao ny marina izay tsy mampiasa fomba tsy ara-dalàna. Miteraka tontolom-pandraharahana anjakan' ny fanahiana sy ny tsy rariny izany ary manimba ny fahafahan' ny [[Toekaren' i Madagasikara|toekarena malagasy]] hiatrika fifaninanana. ==== Fihenan' ny vola miditra amin' ny fanjakana ==== Mampihena ny fidiram-bolan' ny fanjakana malagasy ny kolikoly, indrindra ny fampidiram-bola amin' ny alalan' ny [[fadintseranana]] sy ny [[hetra]]. Izany dia mampihena ny loharanon-karena azo amatsiana ny fandaniam-bolam-panjakana sy ny fandaharan' asam-pampandrosoana. === Fiantraikany eo amin' ny lafiny ara-tsôsialy === ==== Fahantrana sy tsy fitoviana ==== Ny kolikoly dia mampitombo ny [[Fahantrana eto Madagasikara|fahantran' ny vahoaka malagasy]] sy ny tsy fitoviana ara-tsôsialy noho io fanao io miteraka fanodikodinana ny loharanon-karena natokana ho an' ny marefo indrindra ary mametra ny fidirana amin' ny tolotra fototra ([[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fanabeazana]], [[fahasalamana]], [[fotodrafitrasa]]). ==== Fiharatsian' ny asam-panjakana ==== Eto Madagasikara, ny kolikoly dia misy fiantraikany amin' ny kalitao sy ny fahafaha-misitraka ny asa atolotry ny fanjakana ho an' ny daholobe, toy ny [[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fanabeazana]], ny [[fahasalamana]], ny fampanjakana ny rariny ary ny fahazoana [[rano]] sy [[herinaratra]]. Ny faraidiny indrindra sy ny any ambanivohitra no tena iharan' izany fomba fiasa ratsy izany. ==== Fahasimban' ny fahatokisana ny andrim-panjakana ==== Manimba ny fitokisan' ny olom-pirenena malagasy ny andrim-panjakana sy ny tompon' andraiki-panjakana ny kolikoly. Mampihena ny [[demôkrasia]] izany sady mampitombo ny tsy fahamarinan-toerana ara-pôlitika sy ara-tsôsialy. Miteraka fahakiviana noho ny fahatsapana tsy rariny sy tsimatimanota ny kolikoly, satria matetika no tsy voasazy ny mpanao kolikoly. Manakivy ny olom-pirenena tsy hanao tatitra momba ny kolikoly izany toe-javatra izany. === Fiantraikany ara-pôlitika === Lalina ny voka-dratsin' ny kolikoly eto Madagasikara ary miteraka tsy fahamarinan-toeran' ny fitondram-panjakana sy fahalemen' ny andrim-panjakana demôkratika. ==== Tsy fahamarinan-toeran' ny fitondrana sy krizy pôlitika ==== Mety hiteraka krizy pôlitika lehibe ny kolikoly, indrindra rehefa olona ambony mpanao pôlitika no voasaringotra. Manimba ny fitokisan' ny vahoaka ny mpitondra sy ny andrim-panjakana ny tantara manafintohina momba ny kolikoly, izay mety hitarika amin' ny fanaovana fihetsiketsehana ara-pôlitika sy ara-tsôsialy, eny fa hatramin' ny fanovana fitondrana aza. Nisongadinan' ny tsy fahamarin-toeran' ny fitondrana mifandray amin' ny raharaha kolikoly ny [[tantaran' i Madagasikara]]. ==== Fihalemen' ny fanjakana tan-dalàna ==== Manimba ny fototry ny [[fanjakana tan-dalàna]] ny kolikoly. Rehefa tsy ampiharina araka ny tokony ho izy ny lalàna, ary rehefa ny andrim-panjakana tompon' andraikitra amin' ny fampiharana ny lalàna no manao kolikoly, dia voahitsakitsaka ny filaminana ara-pitsarana. Manamafy an' izany toe-javatra izany ny [[tsimatimanota]] sitrahin' ny mpanao kolikoly sady mampaharitra an' ilay fomba fanao eto Madagasikara. ==== Tsy fanekena ny maha ara-dalàna ny fahefam-panjakana ==== Mampihena ny fahatokisan' ny [[Zom-pirenena malagasy|olom-pirenena]] ny andrim-panjakana sy ny solontenam-panjakana ny [[kolikoly]]. Rehefa hitan' ny olom-pirenena malagasy fa miasa ho an' ny tombontsoany manokana ny mpitondra fa tsy ho an' ny tombontsoa iombonana, dia miseho ny tsy fatokiana ny maha ara-dalàna ny fitondrana. Izany dia mety hitarika amin' ny tsy fandraisana anjaran' ny olom-pirenena amin' ny raharaham-pirenena, amin' ny fahakelezan' ny taham-pahavitrihana amin' ny fiifidianana, ary amin' ny tsy fahatokisana ny mpano pôlitika. ==== Kiantranoantrano sy fizahan-tavan' olona ==== Ny [[kolikoly]] dia mampiroborobo ny fomba fanao misy [[kiantranoantrano]] sy ny [[fizahan-tavan' olona]], izay miteraka fitsinjarana toerana sy tombontsoa mifototra amin' ny fifandraisana amin' ny tena manokana sy ny fifanohanana ara-pôlitika fa tsy amin' ny fahaiza-manao sy ny fahamendrehan' ilay olona omena toerana. Manimba ny fahombiazan' ny fitantanan-draharaham-panjakana eto Madagasikara izany ary manamafy ny tsy fitovian-jon' ny olom-pirenena malagasy. ==== Fiantraikany amin' ny zotram-pifidianana ==== Misy fiantraikany amin' ny fifidianana ny kolikoly, ohatra amin' ny alalan' ny fividianana vato, fanodinkodinana ny lisi-pifidianana na fampiasana ny volam-bahoaka mba hanaovana [[fampielezan-kevitra]]. Manimba ny fahamarinan' ny fifidianana sy tsy maha marina ny fisoloan-tena [[Demôkrasia|demôkratika]] izany. ==== Fanjakana lasa fitaovan' olom-bitsy ==== Amin' ny tranga ratsy indrindra, ny [[kolikoly]] dia mety haha lasa fananan' olom-bitsy (orinasa matanjaka, vondron' olona manan-karena, sns) ny fanjakana, izay ampiasan' ny vondron' olona ho amin' ny tombotsoany manokana amin' ny alalan' ny fifehezany ny andrim-panjakana sy ny pôlitikam-panjakana. Manimba ny ezaka ho amin' ny fiarovana ny tombontsoanm-bahoaka izany ary manimba ny fampandrosoana ny firenena malagasy. ==== Fahasarotan' ny fampiharana ny pôlitikam-panjakana ==== Manakana ny fampiharana mahomby ny pôlitikam-panjakana ny kolikoly. Voahodinkodina ny vola atokana ho an' ny tetikasa fampandrosoana; azo amin' ny fomba tsy ara-dalàna ny fifanarahana arak' asa amin' ny fanjakana, ary tsy mahomby ny asa ataon' ny sampan-draharaham-panjakana anjakan' ny kolikoly eto Madagasikara. === Fiantraika eo amin' ny tontolo iainana === Misy fiantraikany ratsy eo amin' ny [[tontolo iainana eto Madagasikara]] ny kolikoly satria ny fahazoana tombony amin' ny fotoana fohy no laharam-pahamehana ho an' ny mpanao kolikoly fa tsy ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana sy ny fampandrosoana maharitra. ==== Fandripahana ala sy fanondranana tsy ara-dalàna ny hazo sarobidy ==== Manamora ny famoronana fanomezan-dàlana tsy ara-dalàna hitrandraka hazo any anaty ala ny kolikoly eto Madagasikara, ka ahafahan' ny orinasa na olon-tsotra manao fitrandrahana tafahoatra, indrindra ny [[andramena]], izay karazan-kazo tena sarobidy. Mahatonga ny fandrobana ny loharanon-karena ao anaty ala ny tsy fahampian' ny fanaraha-maso sy ny firaisana tsikombakomba ataon' ny mpanao kolikoly. Mahatonga ny faharavan' ny toeram-ponenan' ny karazam-biby tsy fahita raha tsy eto [[Madagasikara]] ny [[fandripahana ala]], izay matetika mahazo alalana noho ny fanaovana kolikoly, izany dia mandrahona ny fisian' ny karazan-javamananaina miavaka sy tsy manam-paharoa eto amin' ny Nosy. Matetika koa ny kolikoly no manam-pifandraisana amin' ny [[doro tanety]] an-tsitrapo izay atao mba hanadiovana ny tany hanaovana [[fambolena]] na hanamora ny [[fitrandrahana ala]] tsy ara-dalàna. Misy fiantraikany lehibe eo amin' ny [[tontolo iainana]] izany fandoroana ala izany ary manampy trotraka [[fiovan' ny toetany]]. ==== Fanondranana karazan-javamananaina arovana ==== Ny kolikoly dia mamela ny fihazana tsy ara-dalàna ny biby sy ny zavamaniry arovana, toy ny [[sokatra]], ny [[gidro]] sy ny [[varika]] ary ny karazan-javamaniry tsy fahita firy maro samihafa eto Madagasikara. Manome tsolotra ho an' ny mpiasan' ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana, ny mpiasan' ny [[fadintseranana]] ary ny manampahefana eny ifotony ny tambajotran' ny mpanondrana entana tsy ara-dalàna mba hanamora ny fivarotana ireo karazam-biby ireo. Loza mitatao ho an' ny fahaveloman' ny karazan-javamananaina maro izany fanondranana sy fivarotana tsy ara-dalàna izany. ==== Fitrandrahana tsy ara-dalàna ==== Ny kolikoly dia mampiroborobo ny fitrandrahana tsy ara-dalàna ny [[Fitrandrahana harena an-kibon' ny tany eto Madagasikara|harena an-kibon' ny tany eto Madagasikara]], toy ny [[volamena]], tsy misy fanajana ny fenitra ara-tontolo iainana. Manimba ny [[tontolo iainana]] sy mandoto ny [[Nofon-tany|tany]] sy ny [[rano]] ary miteraka vokatra ratsy (tsy fahasalamana, sns) ho an' ny mponina akaiky an' ilay toeram-pitrandrahana izany toe-javatra izany. ==== Fahalemen' ny fepetra fiarovana ny tontolo iainana ==== Misy fiantraikany amin' ny andrim-panjakana isan-karazany miandraikitra ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana eto Madagasikara ny kolikoly, amin' ny alalan' ny fanodinkodinam-bola, ny fanalefahana ny fanaraha-maso ary ny fampahazoana laka ny [[tsimatimanota]]. Misy fiantraikany amin' ny fanapahan-kevitra ara-pôlitika sy ara-pitantanana momba ny tontolo iainana koa ny kolikoly, amin' ny alalan' ny fanomezana tombontsoa ho an' ny olom-bitsy sy tsy firaharahana ny tombontsoam-bahoaka ary tsy fiarovana ny tontolo iainana. == Ady amin' ny kolikoly == Sarotra ny miady amin' ny [[kolikoly]] eto [[Madagasikara]] noho ny tsy fahampian' ny finiavana pôlitika izay tokony hatanjaka sy haharitra. Manampy trotraka koa ny fanoherana ataon' ny tambajotra mpanao kolikoly amin' ny alalan' ny fametrahany paikady fiarovan-tena sy fitazonany ny tombontsoany. Na dia izany aza dia hetsika maro no efa natao hiadiana amin' ny kolikoly, ka mahakasika ny rafi-pitsarana sy ny [[lalàna]] ary ny andrim-panjakana sy ny fiaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena izany. === Fanamafisana ny lalàna sy ny andrim-panjakana === ==== Fandaniana lalàna sy famoahana fitsipi-pifehezana ==== Lalàna maro no nolanin' ny [[Antenimieran' i Madagasikara|Antenimiera malagas]]<nowiki/>y ho fisorohana sy ho famaizana ny [[kolikoly]]. Anisan' izany ny [[lalàna]] momba ny ady amin' ny kolikoly sy amin' ny [[famotsiam-bola]] ary amin' ny famatsiam-bola ny [[Fampihorohoroana|asa fampihorohoroana]]. Mikendry ny hanasokajiana ny fanaovana kolikoly ho heloka bevava ireo lalàna ireo, hanamafisana ny fahefan' ny andrim-panjakana tompon' andraikitra amin' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly ary hametraka rafi-piaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena. Ankoatra ireo lalàna voalaza etsy ambony ireo (ady amin' ny kolikoly, famotsiam-bola, sns.), dia zava-dehibe ny anasongadinana ny fandraisana rijantenin-dalàna manokana momba ny [[tsenam-baro-panjakana]] sy ny fitantanana ny volam-panjakana ary ny fahazoan' ny olom-pirenena vaovao. Mikendry ny handamina ny fomba fiasa sy hanamafisana ny mangarahara ireo rijanteny ireo. ==== Famoronana andrim-panjakana manokana ==== Andrim-panjakana maromaro no natsangana eto Madagasikara mba hiadiana amin' ny kolikoly, anisan' izany ny [[Bureau Indépendant Anti-Corruption]] (na [[BIANCO]]), ny [[Cour des Comptes]] ary ny [[Cellule de Renseignement Financier]] (CRF) na [[Cellule Nationale de Traitement des Informations Financières]] (CENTIF). Ny BIANCO no fototra ao amin' ny rafitra miady amin' ny kolikoly. Nohamafisina ny andraikiny nandritra ny taona maro, izany dia nanome azy fahefana hanao fanadihadiana sy fanenjehana. Na izany aza dia mbola olana hatrany ny tsy tena fananany fahaleovan-tena sy ny tsy fahampian' ny ho enti-manana hampandehanany ny asany. Mitana anjara toerana lehibe eo amin' ny fanaraha-maso ny volam-panjakana ny Cour des Comptes, ka noho izany dia zava-dehibe amin' ny fisorohana ny kolikoly eo amin' ny fitantanana ny volam-panjakana ny fanamafisana sy ny fahaleovan-tenany. Tompon' andraikitra amin' ny ady amin' ny [[famotsiam-bola]] sy ny famatsiam-bola ny fampihorohoroana ny CENTIF, koa zava-dehibe ny hetsika ataony amin' ny famantarana ny vola tsy ara-dalàna mifandray amin' ny kolikoly. === Paikadim-pirenena sy pôlitika isan-tsehatra === ==== Paikady nasionaly hiadiana amin' ny kolikoly (''Stratégie Nationale de Lutte Contre la Corruption'', SNLCC) ==== Namaritra paikady lehibe ny [[Paikady Nasionaly hiadiana amin' ny kolikoly]] 2015-2025, anisan' izany ny fisorohana, ny famaizana, ny fanentanana ary ny fiaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena. Niteraka fandrosoana izany, indrindra amin' ny fametrahana ny fenitra ara-dalàna sy andrim-panjakana hisahana ny ady amin' ny kolikoly eto Madagasikara. Ny SNLCC (2024-2028), izay novolavolaina ankehitriny miaraka amin' ny fanohanan' ny [[Fandaharan' Asan' ny Firenena Mikambana ho an' ny Fampandrosoana|Programme des Nations unies pour le développement]] ([[PNUD]]), dia mikendry ny hanambatra ny zava-bita sy hanamafy ny fahombiazan' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly. ==== Pôlitika isan-tsehatra ==== Maro ny ezaka natao teto Madagasikara hampidirana ny ady amin' ny kolikoly ao amin' ny pôlitika isan-tsehatra, indrindra eo amin' ny sehatry ny [[tsenam-baro-panjakana]], ny [[fadintseranana]], ny fitantanam-bolam-panjakana ary ny fitantanana ny harena voajanahary. Izany dia notanterahina amin' ny fametrahana fomba fiasa [[Fangaraharana|mangarahara]] sy rafitra fanaraha-maso ary fitsipi-pitondrantena. === Fametrahana mangaraharana sy tamberin' andraikitra === ==== Fanambaràm-pananana ==== Fitaovana lehibe amin' ny fisorohana ny [[kolikoly]] sy ny fanodinkodinana ny volam-panjakana ny adidy momba ny fanambaràm-pananana izay tokony hataon' ny mpiasam-panjakana malagasy ambony. Na izany aza dia mbola sarotra ny fampiharana izany sy ny fanaraha-maso ny fanambaràna. ==== Fanajana ny zo hahazo vaovao ==== Nahitana fandrosoana ny fanajana ny zon' ny olom-pirenena hahazo vaovao, saingy mila ezaka fanampiny mba hiantohana ny tena [[fangaraharana]] amin' ny fitantanana ny raharaham-panjakana. ==== Fandraisana anjaran' ny fiarahamonim-pirenena ==== Manana anjara toerana lehibe amin' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly ny [[fiarahamonim-pirenena]] eto Madagasikara. Amporisihina ny fandraisany anjara amin' ny alalan' ny fifampidinihana sy ny fanaraha-maso ary ny fitorohana. === Fiaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena === ==== Fiaraha-miasa iraisam-pirenena ==== Ny tetikasa toa izay natomboky ny [[United States Agency for International Development]] ([[USAID]]) tamin' ny taona 2021 dia nikendry ny hiady amin' ny [[kolikoly]] sy amin' ny fanondranana an-tsokosoko ny karazam-biby avy eto Madagasikara mankany ivelany<ref><small>"[https://www.usaid.gov/madagascar/press-release/nov-15-2021-us-government-launches-new-project-combat-corruption-and-wildlife-trafficking-madagascar U.S. Government Launches New Project to Combat Corruption and Wildlife Trafficking in Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usaid.gov/madagascar/press-release/nov-15-2021-us-government-launches-new-project-combat-corruption-and-wildlife-trafficking-madagascar |date=20250107154529 }}", ''<nowiki>https://www.usaid.gov</nowiki>''</small></ref>. Manohana an' i [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly ny mpiara-miombona antoka iraisam-pirenena maro, anisan' izany ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] (amin' ny alalan' ny [[Fandaharan' Asan' ny Firenena Mikambana ho an' ny Fampandrosoana|PNUD]] sy ny [[Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime]] ([[ONUDC]])), ny [[Vondrona Afrikana]] (''Union Africaine''), ny [[Banky Maneran-Tany]] (''Banque Mondiale''), ny [[Vondrona Eorôpeana]] (''Union Européenne'') ary ny [[Fikambanana Iraisam-Pirenen' ny Frankôfônia|Vondron-Tany Miteny Frantsay]] (''[[Organisation internationale de la francophonie]]'' na ''[[OIF]]''). Manome fanohanana ara-teknika sy ara-bola ireo mpiara-miombona antoka ireo mba hanamafisana ny fahaiza-manaon' ny andrim-panjakana sy hampiharana ny hetsika enti-miady amin' ny kolikoly. Ny OIF, ohatra, dia nanangana tetikasa "Ady amin' ny kolikoly mampiasa fomba fiasa mifototra amin' ny Zon' Olombelona" ("''Lutte contre la corruption selon une approche basée sur les Droits de l'Homme"''). ==== Fikambanana ao amin' ny fifanarahana iraisam-pirenena ==== Nanatevin-daharana amin' ny fifanarahana iraisam-pirenena miady amin' ny [[kolikoly]] i [[Madagasikara]], toy ny [[Fifanarahan' ny Firenena Mikambana Miady amin' ny Kolikoly]] (''Convention des Nations unies contre la corruption'') sy ny [[Fifanarahan' ny Vondrona Afrikanina momba ny Fisorohana sy ny Ady amin' ny Kolikoly]] (''Convention de l'Union africaine sur la prévention et la lutte contre la corruption''). Izany dia manery ny fanjakana malagasy hampihatra ny fepetra voalazan' ireo fifanarahana ireo sy hiara-miasa amin' ny firenena hafa amin' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly. === Mbola betsaka ny fanamby lehibe === ==== Ho enti-manana sy fahaleovan-tenan' ny andrim-panjakana ==== Indraindray dia tsy ampy ny vola sy ny olona tokony hampiasain' ny [[BIANCO]] sy ny [[Cour des Comptes]] ka tsy ahafahany manatanteraka an-tsakany sy an-davany ny iraka ampanovina azy eto Madagasikara. Tokony hohamafisina noho izany ny fahaleovan-tenan’ izy ireo mba tsy hibaikoan' ny fahefana ara-pôlitika azy. ==== Fitarazohan' ny fitsarana sy tsy fahombiazany ==== Sakana lehibe amin' ny ady amin' ny kolikoly sy amin' ny fisian' ny [[tsimatimanota]] eto Madagasikara ny fitarazohan' ny fomba fiasan' ny fitsarana sy ny tsy fahampian' ny ho enti-manana ao aminy. Tsy voatsara ara-potoana ny raharaha misy kolikoly ary zara raha mihatra ny sazy ka mahatonga ny [[fiarahamonina]] hahatsapa ny fanjakan' ny tsimatimanota. ==== Kolontsaina zatra tsimatimanota sy fandeferan' ny fiarahamonina ==== Mbola mitohy ny fandeferan' ny fiarahamonina malagasy ny endrika [[kolikoly]] sasany sy ny kolontsaina zatra ny fisian' ny [[tsimatimanota]], ka manasarotra ny fitorohana sy fanasaziana ny fanaovana kolikoly. == Jereo koa == * [[Kolikoly]] - [[tsolotra]] * ''[[Françafrique]]'' * [[Halatra omby eto Madagasikara]] * [[Kolikoly an-dalambe eto Madagasikara]] * [[Transparency International|''Transparency International'']] * [[Fitsarana]] * [[Fanjakana tan-dalàna]] - [[tamberin' andraikitra]] - [[fangaraharana]] - * [[Fanararaotam-pahefana]] - [[tsimatimanota]] - [[fizahan-tavan' olona]] - [[kiantranoantrano]] - [[famotsiam-bola]] - * [[Didim-pitsarana]] * [[Tsenam-baro-panjakana]] * [[Fananan-tany]] * [[Andramena]] (''[[Dalbergia]]'') - [[angonoka]] - [[tanalahy]] - [[Harena voajanahary]] - [[Valan-javaboarim-pirenena]] - [[Faritra arovana]] * [[Bureau Indépendant Anti-Corruption]] (na [[BIANCO]]) - [[Cour des Comptes]] - [[Cellule de Renseignement Financier]] (CRF) na [[Cellule Nationale de Traitement des Informations Financières]] (CENTIF) - [[Pôles Anti-Corruption]] (PAC) * [[Stratégie Nationale de Lutte Contre la Corruption]] - * [[Programme des Nations unies pour le développement]] ([[PNUD]]) - ny [[United States Agency for International Development]] ([[USAID]]) - [[Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime]] ([[ONUDC]]) - * [[Fifanarahan' ny Firenena Mikambana Miady amin' ny Kolikoly]] (''Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption'') - [[Fifanarahan' ny Vondrona Afrikanina momba ny Fisorohana sy ny Ady amin' ny Kolikoly]] (''Convention de l'Union Africaine sur la prévention et la lutte contre la corruption''). == Rohy ivelany == * "[https://www.u4.no/publications/tude-de-la-corruption-et-des-mesures-anti-corruption-madagascar Étude de la corruption et des mesures anti-corruption à Madagascar]", ''www.u4.no,'' 9 March 2021. * "[https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/mg/MG2022_Tolotsoa_Guide-LCC-pour-les-jeunes-VF.pdf Guide de la lutte contre la corruption pour les jeunes à Madagascar]", ''www.undp.org'' * "[https://www.presidence.gov.mg/19-a-la-une/63-la-lutte-contre-la-corruption.html La lutte contre la corruption] {{Wayback|url=https://www.presidence.gov.mg/19-a-la-une/63-la-lutte-contre-la-corruption.html |date=20241213102520 }}", ''www.presidence.gov.mg'', 06-12-2024 * "[[google:corruption+à+Madagascar&oq=corruption+à+Madagascar&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyCQgAEEUYORiABDIICAEQABgWGB4yCAgCEAAYFhgeMggIAxAAGBYYHjIICAQQABgWGB4yCAgFEAAYFhgeMggIBhAAGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHtIBCDg0NjBqMGo5qAIAsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|Evaluation de lutte contre corruption]]", ''www.undp.org'', 11 juin 2012 * "[https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/Factsheet%20SFF%20Bianco%20frz%20100276.html.pdf Renforcement des Institutions de Lutte contre la Corruption à Madagascar]", ''www.giz.de'' * "[https://actu.orange.mg/bilan-negatif-de-la-lutte-contre-la-corruption-a-madagascar/ Bilan négatif de la lutte contre la corruption à Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=https://actu.orange.mg/bilan-negatif-de-la-lutte-contre-la-corruption-a-madagascar/ |date=20241213125554 }}", ''actu.orange.mg'', 26 octobre 2024 * "[https://actu.orange.mg/le-phenomene-de-la-corruption-a-madagascar-persiste-a-un-niveau-eleve/ Le phénomène de la corruption à Madagascar persiste à un niveau élevé] {{Wayback|url=https://actu.orange.mg/le-phenomene-de-la-corruption-a-madagascar-persiste-a-un-niveau-eleve/ |date=20240908023722 }}", ''actu.orange.mg'', 19 aout 2024. * "[https://newsmada.com/2024/08/06/kolikoly-eto-madagasikara-lohalisitra-ireo-minisitera-fototra/ Kolikoly eto Madagasikara: lohalisitra ireo minisitera fototra]", ''newsmada.com'', 6 août 2024 * "[https://www.moov.mg/actualite/91972-ady-aminny-kolikoly-hiara-hiasa-ny-antenimierampirenena-sy-ny-bianco Ady amin’ ny kolikoly: Hiara-hiasa ny Antenimierampirenena sy ny BIANCO]", ''www.moov.mg'', 31 octobre 2024 * "[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/actualites/kolikoly-eto-madagasikara-manapotika-ny-toekarena-sy-sosialim-bahoaka-15827.php Kolikoly eto Madagasikara Manapotika ny toekarena sy sosialim-bahoaka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/actualites/kolikoly-eto-madagasikara-manapotika-ny-toekarena-sy-sosialim-bahoaka-15827.php |date=20241213104615 }}", ''www.tiatanindrazana.mg'', 30 décembre 2014 * "[https://www.moov.mg/article/87159-jalcc-manam-piniavana-hiady-aminny-kolikoly-i-madagasikara JALCC: Manam-piniavana hiady amin’ ny kolikoly i Madagasikara]", ''www.moov.mg'', 11 juillet 2024 * "[https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/mg/MG2022_Tolotsoa_Guide-LCC-pour-les-jeunes-VM.pdf-.pdf Torohay ho an’ ny tanora mikasika ny ady amin’ ny kolikoly eto Madagasikara]" (pdf), ''www.undp.org'' * "[https://newsmada.com/2023/12/26/ady-aminny-kolikoly-olana-ny-toe-tsaina-sy-ny-fisianny-tsy-maty-manota-hoy-i-hanitrantenaina/ Ady amin’ ny kolikoly: olana ny toe-tsaina sy ny fisian’ ny tsy maty manota, hoy i Hanitrantenaina]", ''newsmada.com'', 26 décembre 2023 * "[http://mtp.gov.mg/ny-momba-ny-kolikoly Ny momba ny kolikoly] {{Wayback|url=http://mtp.gov.mg/ny-momba-ny-kolikoly |date=20241213142223 }}", ''mtp.gov.mg'' * "[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/politique/repoblikan-ny-tsolotra-19657.php Repoblikan' ny tsolotra] {{Wayback|url=https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/politique/repoblikan-ny-tsolotra-19657.php |date=20241213124933 }}", ''www.tiatanindrazana.m''g, 01 octobre 2015 * "[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/isotry-vehivavy-roa-md-saika-hanome-tsolotra/ Isotry: Vehivavy roa MD, saika hanome tsolotra]", ''midi-madagasikara.mg'', 21 décembre 2023 * "[https://newsmada.com/2024/07/17/tsy-maintsy-vola-ve/ Tsy maintsy vola ve ?]", ''newsmada.com'', 17 juillet 2024 * "[https://www.malina.mg/Mlg/mpanamboatra-pasipaoro-belza-iray-nandoa-tsolotra-hahazahoana-tsenambarompanjakana-teto-madagasikara/ Mpanamboatra pasipaoro belza iray nandoa tsolotra hahazahoana tsenambarompanjakana teto Madagasikara] {{Wayback|url=https://www.malina.mg/Mlg/mpanamboatra-pasipaoro-belza-iray-nandoa-tsolotra-hahazahoana-tsenambarompanjakana-teto-madagasikara/ |date=20220706164405 }}", ''www.malina.mg'', 10 September 2020 * "[https://forum.serasera.org/forum/message/m3f3e591494066?page=2 Tsolotra]", ''forum.serasera.org'', 14/12/2003 * "[https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/chronique/7648-madagascar-corruption-plus-on-en-parle-plus-elle-persiste-et-se-multiplie.html Madagascar Corruption. Plus on en parle, plus elle persiste et se multiplie] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/chronique/7648-madagascar-corruption-plus-on-en-parle-plus-elle-persiste-et-se-multiplie.html |date=20241213232450 }}", ''www.madagate.org'', 18 Novembre 2020 * "[https://www.lagazette-dgi.com/p-4313.html Inty sy Nday: Tena madio ve ... ?]", ''www.lagazette-dgi.com'', 20 février 2018 * "[https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ Indice de Perception de la Corruption 2023] {{Wayback|url=https://www.transparency.mg/ipc/ |date=20241213204129 }}", ''www.transparency.mg'' * "[https://www.zinfos974.com/un-milliardaire-malgache-dans-le-viseur-du-pnf/ Un milliardaire malgache dans le viseur du PNF]", ''www.zinfos974.com'' == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Kolikoly]] [[Sokajy:Kolontsaina malagasy]] 0lw7gcmxdszcwcaatlc4ru7wgc124j1 0 290871 1146981 1095766 2026-07-07T02:07:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hary Gunarto1.jpg|thumb|Hary Gunarto], <ref>[https://researcher.apu.ac.jp/apuhp/KgApp?resId=S001420&Language=2 APU Faculty member] </ref>]] '''Hary Gunarto''' dia mpampianatra sady mpampianatra ao amin'ny Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Univ., [[Japana]] izay avy any [[Indonezia]] ary nianatra tany [[Etazonia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200901038934712990 |title=Japan Gov. Database |access-date=2025-02-12 |archive-date=2022-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717130645/https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200901038934712990 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.amazon.es/Collected-Computer-Programming-Problems-Visual/dp/981214174X Visual C#.Net di Amazon.] </ref><ref>https://www.apu.ac.jp/~gunarto/austro.pdf AI-based Speech Recognition Technology for Asian & Austronesian Languages, Asia Pacific Conference 2024.] </ref> == Jereo koa == * [[Biôgrafia]] {{Commonscat}} == Rohy ivelany == {{Reflist}} *[https://gunarto.org/kanji/kanji.php Rakibolana Kanji Japoney] [[Sokajy: Japana]] [[Sokajy: Indonezia]] [[Sokajy: Mpahay siansa Indonezia]] l2jdus4tacqyjoiwp3d2e29y1g8hbsr 0 290886 1146976 1096586 2026-07-06T23:58:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146976 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Fanjakan' i Falonaombe''' dia fanjakana kely, ary ny kely indrindra tamin' ny fanjakana [[mahafaly]] talohan' ny [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|fanjanahan' ny Frantsay]]. Teo anelanelan' ny [[Fanjakan' i Sakatovo]] sy ny [[Fanjakan' i Linta]], any amin' ny ilany atsimo-andrefan' i [[Madagasikara]], no nisy azy io. Sahala amin' ny fanjakana mahafaly hafa, i Falonaombe dia azo inoana fa nanana toetra niraisan' ny kolontsaina, toy ny fanao mampiavaka ny fandevenana sy ny fananganana fasana voaravaka tsatokazo voasokitra antsoina hoe [[aloalo]]. == Tantara == Ny Fanjakan' i Falonaombe dia tao amin' ny faritra tery teo anelanelan' ny [[Fanjakan' i Sakatovo]] sy ny [[Fanjakan' i Linta|an' i Linta]], any amin' ny faritra atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]]<ref name=":0"><small>Lotte Schomerus-Gernbock, "[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha04-83-88.pdf Les mahafaly, introduction à leur culture materielle] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha04-83-88.pdf |date=20220804074555 }}" (PDF), ''madarevues.recherches.gov''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.vol-direct.net/ethnie-malgache-foko-mahafaly.html#google_vignette Ethnie malgache : “Foko Mahafaly]", ''www.vol-direct.net''</small></ref>. Ny Fanjakan' i Falonaombe dia nofehezin' ny tarana-mpanjaka ary nifandray amin' ny fanjakana mahafaly nifanolo-bodirindrina aminy, indraindray niray hina tamin' ny fanoherana ny fandrahonana avy any ivelany toa ny [[Antandroy]]<ref name=":0" />. == Toekarena == Voalaza matetika fa fanjakana nanana fahefana lehibe amin' ny varotra izy io, indrindra fa tamin' ny mpivarotra avy any amin' ny nosy [[La Réunion]] na avy any amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana|Afrika]] [[Afrika Atsinanana|Atsinanana]]. == Kolontsaina == Ny mponina tao amin' ny Fanjakan' i Falonaombe nanana fomban-drazana ahitna fanaovana [[fanatitra]] sy [[sorona]] ho fanomezam-boninahitra ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]. Mpiady mahery ny mponina tao amin' io fanjakana io izay nalaza noho ny herim-pony sy ny fiarovany ny [[Fahaleovantena (pôlitika)|fahaleovantenany]]. == Lova == Na dia rava ho toy ny fanjakana malagasy maro aza ny Fanjakan' i Falonaombe, dia nitohy hatrany ny fomban-drazana sy ny kolontsain' ny mponina ao an-toerana, izay nandray singa avy amin' ny foko hafa sy ny fahefana mpanjanaka. == Jereo koa == * [[Mahafaly]] * [[Fanjakan' i Linta]] * [[Fanjakan' i Onilahy]] * [[Fanjakan' i Menarandra]] * [[Fanjakan' i Sakatovo]] == Fanovozan-kevitra == * Lotte Schomerus-Gernbock, "[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha04-83-88.pdf Les mahafaly, introduction à leur culture materielle] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/taloha04-83-88.pdf |date=20220804074555 }}" (PDF), ''madarevues.recherches.gov'' * "[https://www.vol-direct.net/ethnie-malgache-foko-mahafaly.html#google_vignette Ethnie malgache : “Foko Mahafaly]", ''www.vol-direct.net'' * Alain Bernard, ''Essai sur la transition de la société Mahafaly vers les rapports marchands'', Éditions de l'Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer, Paris, 1978, 405 p. (<nowiki>ISBN 2-7099-0506-X</nowiki>) (texte remanié d’une thèse soutenue à l’Université de Paris 10 en 1976) * Campbell, Gwyn (2012). ''David Griffiths and the Missionary "History of Madagascar"''. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-04-20980-0</nowiki>. * Clément Séverin Charles, ''Les Mahafale de l’Onilahy : des clans au royaume, du 16e siècle à la conquête coloniale'', Université de Paris 1, 1986, 588 p. (thèse de 3^e cycle) * Eggert, Karl (1981). "Who are the Mahafaly? Cultural and social misidentification in southwestern Madagascar". ''[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/omaly13-14_13_.pdf Omaly sy anio: Hier et aujourd'hui] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/omaly13-14_13_.pdf|date=20210424135541}}'' (PDF). 13–14. Antananarivo: Université de Madagascar, Département d'histoire. pp. 149–176. * Jeffrey C. Kaufmann, "Faly aux vazaha : Eugǹe Bastard, taboo, and Mahafale Autarky in southwest Madagascar, 1899", in ''History in Africa'' (New Brunswick, NJ), 26, 1999, p. 129-155 * LeHoullier, Sara (August 2010). ''Madagascar'' (Travel Companion). Other Places Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-9822619-5-8</nowiki>. * Lotte Schomerus-Gernböck, ''Die Mahafaly : eine ethnische Gruppe im Süd-Westen Madagaskars'', D. Reimer, Berlin, 1981, 232 p. (<nowiki>ISBN 3-496-00184-4</nowiki>) * Nicole Boulfroy, "L'art funéraire des Mahafale (sud-Ouest de Madagascar)", in ''Anthropologie de l'art : formes et significations : arts de l'Afrique, de l'Amerique et du Pacifique'', ORSTOM, Paris, 1988, p. 30-38 * René Battistini, ''Géographie humaine de la plaine côtière mahafaly,'' Éditions Cujas, 1964, 197 p. (thèse complémentaire) == Loharano sy fanamarihana == 7hscnf0z1fo3rc56c3qoh5s9uanuqn1 0 291393 1147000 1116506 2026-07-07T11:03:17Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1147000 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Tantalus Rare Earths AG''' dia orinasa alemàna manampahaizana manokana amin' ny fikarohana sy ny fampandrosoana ny [[tany hamatra]] teto [[Madagasikara]], indrindra ny any amin' ny [[Saikinosy Ampasindava]], faritra ahitana karazan-javamananaina be dia be<ref><small>"[https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/5398-madagascar-tantalus-rare-earths-ag-jette-leponge.pdf Madagascar. Tantalus Rare Earths AG jette l’éponge !] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/5398-madagascar-tantalus-rare-earths-ag-jette-leponge.pdf |date=20250324092413 }}", ''www.madagate.org'', 17/11/2015</small></ref>. Ity tetikasa ity dia mikendry ny hitrandraka ny tany hamatra ao amin' ity faritra ity, saingy nisedra sakana isan-karazany nandritra ny taona maro<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://news.mongabay.com/2017/08/troubled-firm-aims-to-mine-madagascar-forest-for-rare-earth-elements/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Troubled firm aims to mine Madagascar forest for rare earth elements]", ''news.mongabay.com'', 8/08/2017</small></ref><ref name=":1"><small>"[https://news.mongabay.com/2017/11/another-blow-to-troubled-madagascar-rare-earth-mine/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Another blow to troubled Madagascar rare earth mine]", ''news.mongabay.com'', 22/11/2017</small></ref>. Ny orinasa dia manana velarana mirefy 300 km² amin' ny tetikasa tany hamatra any amin' ny Saikinosy Ampasindava, any amin' ny ilany avaratra-atsinanan' i Madagasikara<ref><small>"[https://www.agenceecofin.com/terres-rares/1305-28947-madagascar-tantalus-signe-un-contrat-de-vente-pluriannuel-sur-les-terres-rares-avec-thyssenkrupp Madagascar : Tantalus signe un contrat de vente pluriannuel sur les terres rares avec ThyssenKrupp]", ''www.agenceecofin.com'', 13/05/2015</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.agenceecofin.com/terres-rares/0912-34444-madagascar-tantalus-rare-fait-une-place-sur-les-terres-rares-a-apphia-minerals Madagascar: Tantalus Rare fait une place sur les terres rares à Apphia Minerals]", ''www.agenceecofin.com'', 09/12/2015</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2015, ny Tantalus Rare Earths AG dia nivarotra ny 60&nbsp;% amin' ny anjarany tao amin' ny sampana Tantalum Holding (Mauritius) Limited, izay tompon' ny Tantalum Rare Earth Malagasy S.A.R.L. 100&nbsp;%, tamin' ny orinasa singaporiana Apphia Minerals SOF PTE. Ltd. tamin' ny vola 3,7 tapitrisa Euro. Taorian' izay dia niova imbetsaka ny tompon' ilay tetikasa, izay taratry ny fiovaovan' ny tontolo ara-toekarena sy ny fahasahiranana ara-bola teo amin' ny mpandray anjara<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"><small>"[https://www.reuters.com/article/markets/commodities/tantalus-rare-earths-sells-60-pct-of-operations-idUSFWN13W05D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Tantalus Rare Earths sells 60 pct of operations]", ''www.reuters.com'', 8/12/2015</small></ref><ref name=":3"><small>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/08/19/madagascar-s-thwarted-rush-for-rare-earths_6099084_124.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Madagascar's thwarted rush for rare earths]", ''www.lemonde.fr'', 19/08/2023</small></ref>. Tamin' ny taona 2019, ny ISR Capital, orinasa manana ny foibeny any [[Singaporo]], dia nanao sonia fifanarahana miaraka amin' ny China Nonferrous Metal Mining Group mba ny hampandroso ilay teoram-pitrandrahana. Na izany aza, ny ISR Capital dia niatrika fanadihadiana momba ny tsy fanarahan-dalàna ara-bola sy ny fahatarana amin' ny fahazoan-dalana ilaina, izany dia nanelingelina ny fandrosoan' ilay tetikasa<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />. Niteraka ahiahy teo amin' ny fokonolona sy ny fikambanana mpitahiry ny [[tontolo iainana]] ihany koa ilay tetikasa, noho ny mety ho fiatraikany amin' ny tontolo iainana sy ny zavamananaina. Ny Saikinosy Ampasindava dia fonenan' ny karazam-biby atahorana ho lany tamingana, anisan' izany ny karazan-gidro samihafa, ary mety hisy fiantraikany ratsy amin' ireo toeram-ponenan-javamananaina saro-pady ireo ny asa fitrandrahana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />. Tamin' ny taona 2023, ny orinasa aostraliana iray antsoina hoe Harena Resources Pty Ltd dia nividy ny Reenova Rare Earth Malagasy, orinasa fananan' ny mpampiasa vola singaporiana, ka lasa tompon' ilay tetikasa tamin' ny farany. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == a2u51iww6ott7s6k23h6nvlrmdprs5k 0 292976 1147002 1144537 2026-07-07T11:15:32Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry hita eto Madagasikara 1147002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Acanthus mollis spike pair Erice.jpg|vignette|416x416px|''[[Acanthus mollis]]'']] Ny '''''Acanthaceae''''' dia fianakavian-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[roa ravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. Ahitana karazana 2&nbsp;500 hatramin' ny 4&nbsp;000, izay mitsinjara amin' ny antokon-javamairy manodidina ny 250 izy io. [[Zavamaniry ahitra|Ahitra]], [[hazobotry]], na [[vahy]] trôpikaly ny ankamaroany; maniry eny amin' ny zavamaniry hafa (epifita) ny sasany. Karazana vitsivitsy ihany no miparitaka any amin' ny faritra manana [[toetany antonony]]. I [[Indônezia]], i [[Malezia]], i [[Afrika]], i [[Brezila]] ary i [[Amerika Afovoany]] no foibe lehibe amin' ny faritra aniriany. Saika hita any amin' ny toerana rehetra ny zavamaniry ao amin' ilay fianakaviana, anisan' izany ny [[ala]] mikitroka na mahalana, tanin-kirihitra, [[saha]] sy [[lohasaha]] mando, [[morontsiraka]] sy faritra an-d[[ranomasina]], [[heniheny]] ary [[ala honko]]. == Vondron-karazana == [[Sary:Barleria prionitis (Porcupine flower) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9989.jpg|vignette|''[[Barleria prionitis]]'']] Tamin' ny 2 Desambra 2021 dia nanaiky vondron-karazana 217 ny [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]. Tamin' ny Janoary 2024 dia manaiky vondron-karazana 207 ny [[Plants of the World Online]]. * ''[[Acanthopale]]'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''[[Acanthopsis]]'' <small>Harv.</small> * ''Acanthostelma'' <small>Bidgood & Brummitt</small> – syn ''[[Crabbea]]'' * ''Acanthura'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Lepidagathis]]'' * ''[[Acanthus]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''Achyrocalyx'' <small>Benoist</small> - syn ''[[Stenandriopsis]]'' * ''Aechmanthera'' – syn ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' * ''Adhatoda'' <small>Mill.</small> – syn ''[[Justicia]]'' * ''[[Afrofittonia]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Ambongia]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''[[Ancistranthus]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Andrographis]]'' <small>Wall. ex Nees</small> * ''[[Angkalanthus]]'' <small>Balf.f.</small> * ''[[Anisacanthus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Anisosepalum]]'' <small>E.Hossain</small> * ''[[Anisostachya]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Anisotes]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Anomacanthus]]'' <small>R.D.Good</small> * ''Apassalus'' <small>Kobuski</small> – syn ''[[Dyschoriste]]'' * ''[[Aphanosperma]]'' <small>T.F.Daniel</small> * ''[[Aphelandra]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> (anisany ny ''A. squarrosa'',) * ''Aphelandrella'' <small>Mildbr.</small> – syn ''[[Aphelandra]]'' * ''[[Ascotheca]]'' <small>Heine</small> * ''[[Asystasia]]'' <small>Blume</small> * ''Asystasiella'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Asystasia]]'' * ''[[Avicennia]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Aymoreana]]'' <small>Braz, T.F.Daniel & Kiel</small> * ''[[Ballochia]]'' <small>Balf.f.</small> * ''[[Barleria]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Barleriola]]'' <small>Oerst</small> * ''Benoicanthus'' <small>Heine & A.Raynal</small> – syn ''[[Ruellia]]'' * ''Blechum'' <small>P.Browne</small> – syn ''[[Ruellia]]'' * ''[[Blepharis]]'' <small>Juss.</small> * ''[[Borneacanthus]]'' <small>Bremek.</small> * ''[[Boutonia]]'' <small>DC.</small> * ''[[Brachystephanus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Bravaisia]]'' <small>DC.</small> * ''[[Brillantaisia]]'' <small>P.Beauv.</small> * ''[[Brunoniella]]'' <small>Bremek</small>. * ''[[Calacanthus]]'' <small>T.Anderson ex Benth. & Hook.f.</small> * ''Calophanoides'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) Ridl.</small> – syn ''[[Justicia]]'' * ''[[Calycacanthus]]'' <small>K.Schum.</small> * ''[[Camarotea]]'' <small>Scott-Elliot</small> * ''[[Carlowrightia]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> * ''[[Celerina]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''[[Cephalacanthus]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Cephalophis]]'' <small>Vollesen</small> * ''[[Chalarothyrsus]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Chamaeranthemum]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Championella'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' * ''[[Champluviera]]'' <small>I.Darbysh., T.F.Daniel & Ki</small>el * ''[[Chileranthemum]]'' <small>Oerst.</small> * ''[[Chlamydacanthus]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Chlamydocardia]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Chlamydostachya'' <small>Mildbr.</small> – syn ''[[Anisotes]]'' * ''[[Chorisochora]]'' Vollesen * ''[[Chroesthes]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''[[Clinacanthus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Clistax]]'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''[[Codonacanthus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Conocalyx]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Corymbostachys'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Anisostachya]]'' * ''[[Cosmianthemum]]'' <small>Bremek.</small> * ''[[Crabbea]]'' <small>Harv.</small> * ''[[Crossandra]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> * ''[[Crossandrella]]'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''[[Cuenotia]]'' <small>Rizzini</small> * ''[[Cyclacanthus]]'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''Cylindrosolenium'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Stenostephanus]]'' * ''[[Cynarospermum]]'' <small>Vollesen</small> * ''[[Cyphacanthus]]'' <small>Leonard</small> * ''Dactylostegium'' <small>Nees</small> syn ''[[Dicliptera]]'' * ''Danguya'' <small>Benoist</small> – syn ''[[Anisotes]]'' * ''Dasytropis'' <small>Urb.</small> * ''[[Dianthera]]'' L. (syn: ''Amphiscopia, Centrilla, Diplanthera, Jungia'') * ''[[Diceratotheca]]'' <small>J.R.I.Wood & Scotland</small> * ''[[Dichazothece]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Dicladanthera]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small> * ''[[Dicliptera]]'' <small>Juss.</small> * ''Didyplosandra'' <small>Wight ex Bremek.</small> – syn ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' * ''Dipteracanthus'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''[[Ruellia]]'' * ''[[Dinteracanthus]]'' <small>C.B.Clarke ex Schinz</small> * ''[[Dischistocalyx]]'' <small>T.Anderson ex Benth. & Hook.f.</small> * ''[[Dolichostachys]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Drejera'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''[[Thyrsacanthus]]'' * ''Drejerella'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Justicia]]'' * ''[[Duosperma]]'' <small>Dayton</small> * ''[[Dyschoriste]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Ecbolium]]'' <small>Kurz</small> * ''[[Echinacanthus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Elytraria]]'' <small>Michx.</small> * ''Encephalosphaera'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Aphelandra]]'' * ''Epiclastopelma'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Mimulopsis]]'' * ''[[Eranthemum]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Eremomastax]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Eusiphon'' <small>Benoist</small> – syn ''[[Ruellia]]'' * ''[[Filetia]]'' <small>Miq.</small> * ''[[Fittonia]]'' <small>Coem.</small> * ''[[Forcipella]]'' <small>Baill.</small> * ''Forsythiopsis'' <small>Baker</small> – syn ''[[Oplonia]]'' * ''Geissomeria'' <small>Lindl.</small> – syn ''[[Aphelandra]]'' * ''Glossochilus'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Golaea'' <small>Chiov.</small> – syn ''[[Crabbea]]'' * ''[[Graphandra]]'' <small>J.B.Imlay</small> * ''[[Graptophyllum]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Gymnophragma]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Gymnostachyum]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Gynocraterium'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''[[Staurogyne]]'' * ''[[Gypsacanthus]]'' <small>E.J.Lott et al.</small> * ''[[Haplanthodes]]'' <small>Kuntze</small> * ''[[Haplanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Harpochilus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Hemiadelphis'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''[[Hygrophila]]'' * ''[[Hemigraphis]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Henrya]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Herpetacanthus]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Heteradelphia]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Holographis]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Hoverdenia]]'' <small>Nees</small> * ''[[Hulemacanthus]]'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''[[Hygrophila]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> * ''[[Hypoestes]]'' (anisany ny ''Periestes'') * ''[[Ichthyostoma]]'' <small>Hedrén & Vollesen</small> * ''Ionacanthus'' <small>Benoist</small> – syn ''[[Mellera]]'' * ''[[Isoglossa]]'' <small>Oerst.</small> * ''[[Isotheca]]'' <small>Turrill</small> * ''[[Jadunia]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Juruasia'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Herpetacanthus]]'' * ''[[Justicia]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''Kalbreyeriella'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''[[Stenostephanus]]'' * ''[[Kenyacanthus]]'' <small>I.Darbysh. & Kiel</small> * ''[[Kosmosiphon]]'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''[[Kudoacanthus]]'' <small>Hosok.</small> * ''[[Lankesteria]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> * ''[[Lasiocladus]]'' <small>Bojer ex Nees</small> * ''[[Leandriella]]'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Lepidagathis'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''Leptosiphonium'' <small>F.Muell.</small> * ''Leptostachya'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Liberatia'' <small>Rizzini</small> * ''Linariantha'' <small>B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.</small> * ''Lophostachys'' <small>Pohl</small> – syn ''Lepidagathis'' * ''Louteridium'' <small>S.Watson</small> * ''Lychniothyrsus'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Mackaya'' Harv. * ''Marcania'' <small>J.B.Imlay</small> * ''Mcdadea'' <small>E.A.Tripp & I.Darbysh.</small> * ''Megalochlamys'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Megalostoma'' <small>Leonard</small> – syn ''Justicia'' * ''Megaskepasma'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Meiosperma'' Raf. * ''Melittacanthus'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''Mellera'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''Mendoncia'' <small>Vand.</small> * ''Metarungia'' <small>Baden</small> * ''Mexacanthus'' <small>T.F.Daniel</small> * ''Meyenia'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Mimulopsis'' <small>Schweinf.</small> * ''Mirandea'' <small>Rzed.</small> * ''Monechma'' <small>Hochst.</small> – syn ''Meiosperma'' * ''Monothecium'' <small>Hochst.</small> * ''Morsacanthus'' <small>Rizzini</small> * ''Nelsonia'' <small>R.Br.</small> * ''Neohallia'' <small>Hemsl.</small> – syn ''Justicia'' * ''Neriacanthus'' <small>Benth.</small> * ''Neuracanthus'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Nicoteba'' Lindau * ''Odontonema'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Ophiorrhiziphyllon'' <small>Kurz</small> – syn ''Staurogyne'' * ''Oplonia'' <small>Raf.</small> * ''Oreacanthus'' <small>Benth.</small> – syn ''Brachystephanus'' * ''Orophochilus'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''Aphelandra'' * ''Pachystachys'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Pachystrobilus'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''Strobilanthes'' * ''Pararuellia'' <small>Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek.</small> * ''Pelecostemon'' <small>Leonard</small> – syn ''Justicia'' * ''Pentstemonacanthus'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Perenideboles'' <small>Ram.Goyena</small> – syn ''Megaskepasma'' * ''Pericalypta'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Peristrophe'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''Dicliptera'' * ''Petalidium'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Phaulopsis'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''Phialacanthus'' <small>Benth.</small> * ''Phidiasia'' <small>Urb.</small> – syn ''Odontonema'' * ''Phlogacanthus'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Physacanthus'' <small>Benth.</small> * ''Podorungia'' <small>Baill.</small> * ''Pogonospermum'' <small>Hochst</small>. * ''Poikilacanthus'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Polylychnis'' <small>Bremek.</small> * ''Populina'' <small>Baill.</small> * ''Pranceacanthus'' <small>Wassh.</small> * ''Pseudacanthopale'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Pseuderanthemum'' <small>Radlk.</small> * ''Pseudocalyx'' <small>Radlk.</small> * ''Pseudodicliptera'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Pseudoruellia'' <small>Benoist</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Psilanthele'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Psiloesthes'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Ptyssiglottis'' <small>T.Anderson</small> * ''Pulchranthus'' <small>V.M.Baum et al.</small> * ''Pupilla'' <small>Rizzini</small> – syn ''Justicia'' * ''Razisea'' <small>Oerst.</small> – syn ''Stenostephanus'' * ''Rhaphidospora'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Rhinacanthus'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Rhombochlamys'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''Aphelandra'' * ''Ritonia'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Rostellularia'' <small>Rchb.</small> * ''Ruellia'' <small>L.</small> * ''Ruelliopsis'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''Rungia'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Ruspolia'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Ruttya'' <small>Harv.</small> * ''× Ruttyruspolia'' <small>A.Meeuse & de Wet</small> (''Ruspolia × Ruttya'') * ''Saintpauliopsis'' <small>Staner</small> * ''Salpinctium'' <small>T.J.Edwards</small> – syn ''Asystasia'' * ''Salpixantha'' <small>Hook.</small> * ''Samuelssonia'' <small>Urb. & Ekman</small> * ''Sanchezia'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small> * ''Santapaua'' <small>N.P.Balakr. & Subr.</small> – syn ''Hygrophila'' * ''Sapphoa'' <small>Urb.</small> * ''Satanocrater'' <small>Schweinf.</small> * ''Sautiera'' <small>Decne.</small> – syn ''Dyschoriste'' * ''Schaueria'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Schaueriopsis'' <small>Champl. & I.Darbysh.</small> * ''Schwabea'' <small>Endl.</small> * ''Sclerochiton'' <small>Harv.</small> * ''Sebastiano-schaueria'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Sericospora'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Siphonoglossa'' <small>Oerst.</small> – syn ''Justicia'' * ''Spathacanthus'' <small>Baill.</small> * ''Sphacanthus'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Sphinctacanthus'' <small>Benth.</small> * ''Spirostigma'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Stachyacanthus'' Nees * ''Standleyacanthus'' <small>Leonard</small> – syn ''Herpetacanthus'' * ''Staurogyne'' <small>Wall.</small> (anisany ny ''S. repens'') * ''Steirosanchezia'' <small>Lindau</small> – syn ''Sanchezia'' * ''Stenandriopsis'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''Stenandrium'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Stenostephanus'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Stenothyrsus'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''Streblacanthus'' <small>Kuntze</small> * ''Streptosiphon'' <small>Mildbr.</small> * ''Strobilanthes'' <small>Blume</small> * ''Strobilanthopsis'' <small>S.Moore</small> * ''Styasasia'' <small>S.Moore</small> – syn ''Asystasia'' * ''Suessenguthia'' <small>Merxm.</small> * ''Symplectochilus'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Synchoriste'' <small>Baill.</small> – syn ''Lasiocladus'' * ''Tabascina'' Baill. * ''Taeniandra'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''Strobilanthes'' * ''Tarphochlamys'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''Strobilanthes'' * ''Teliostachya'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''Lepidagathis'' * ''Tessmanniacanthus'' <small>Mildbr.</small> * ''Tetramerium'' <small>Nees</small> * ''Theileamea'' <small>Baill.</small> – syn ''Chlamydacanthus'' * ''[[Thunbergia]]'' <small>Retz.</small> * ''Thyrsacanthus'' <small>Moric</small>. * ''Thysanostigma'' <small>J.B.Imlay</small> * ''Tremacanthus'' <small>S.Moore</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Triaenanthus'' <small>Nees</small> – syn ''Strobilanthes'' * ''Trichanthera'' <small>Kunth</small> * ''Trichaulax'' <small>Vollesen</small> * ''Trichocalyx'' <small>Balf.f.</small> * ''Trichosanchezia'' <small>Mildbr.</small> * ''Ulleria'' <small>Bremek.</small> – syn ''Ruellia'' * ''Vavara'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Vindasia'' <small>Benoist</small> * ''Warpuria'' <small>Stapf</small> – syn ''Podorungia'' * ''Whitfieldia'' <small>Hook.</small> * ''Wuacanthus'' <small>Y.F.Deng, N.H.Xia & H.Peng</small> * ''Xantheranthemum'' <small>Lindau</small> * ''Xerothamnella'' <small>C.T.White</small> * ''Xylacanthus'' <small>Aver. & K.S.Nguyen</small> * ''Yeatesia'' <small>Small</small> * ''Zygoruellia'' <small>Baill.</small> === Antokon-javamaniry hita eto Madagasikara === Eto [[Madagasikara]], ny fianakaviana ''Acanthaceae'' dia ahitana antokon-javamaniry eo amin' ny 32 ka hatramin' ny 40 eo ho eo. * ''Acanthopale'' * ''Ambongia'' * ''Ambongia'' * ''Anisotes'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Danguya'') * ''Asystasia'' * ''Barleria'' * ''Blepharis'' * ''Boutonia'' * ''Brachystephanus'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Vavara'') * ''Brillantaisia'' * ''Champluviera'' * ''Chlamydocardia'' * ''Crossandra'' * ''Dicliptera'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Peristrophe'' sy ny ''Pseudodicliptera'') * ''Dolichostachys'' * ''Dyschoriste'' * ''Ecbolium'' * ''Hygrophila'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Zygoruellia'') * ''Hypoestes'' * ''Isoglossa'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Celerina'', ny ''Conocalyx'', ny ''Melittacanthus'', ny ''Ritonia'' ary ny ''Sphacanthus'') * ''Justicia'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Anisostachya'', ny ''Forcipella'', ny ''Harnieria'' ny ''Populina'') * ''Lasiocladus'' * ''Leandriella'' * ''Lepidagathis'' * ''Megalochlamys'' * ''Melittacanthus'' * ''Mellera'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Ionacanthus'') * ''Mendoncia'' * ''Monothecium'' * ''Oplonia'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Forsythiopsis'') * ''Pericalypta'' * ''Phaulopsis'' * ''Podorungia'' * ''Rhinacanthus'' * ''Ruellia'' (nampidirina ao ny ''Benoicanthus'' sy ny ''Eusiphon'' ary ny ''Pseudoruellia'') * ''Rungia'' * ''Stenandriopsis'' (indraindray ampanakaikezina ny ''Achyrocalyx'' na ny ''Stenandrium'') * ''Thunbergia'' * ''Vindasia'' * ''Whitfieldia'' 4ghducmey9yrarpqplphth6jft62gi5 0 293011 1146973 1136308 2026-07-06T22:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146973 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Dioscorea bemandry'''''<ref><small>Jum. & H.Perrier, 1909 ''In: Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 149: 484''</small></ref> dia karazana [[oviala]], zavamaniry [[tokan-dravintsimoka]], [[Zavamaniry mianika|mianika]] sy misy [[Vodin-javamaniry|vodiny]], nofaritan' i Henri Lucien Jumelle sy i Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie. Ny ''Dioscorea bemandry'' dia anisan' ny vondron-karazana ''[[Dioscorea]]'' sy ny fianakaviana ''[[Dioscoreaceae]]''<ref name=":0"><small>Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (28 april 2014). ”[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/9743392 Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist].”. Species 2000: Reading, UK.</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://powo.science.kew.org/ WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]", ''Plants of the World Online''</small></ref>. Tsy misy ny zana-karazana voatanisa ao amin' ny ''Catalogue of Life''<ref name=":0" />. Tsy fahita afa-tsy eto [[Madagasikara]] ity zavamaniry ity, ary ataon' ny olona sakafo ny vodiny, any amin' ny faritra misy ala any atsimo-andrefana. == Toerana aniriany sy fampiasana azy == === Toerana aniriany === Maniry any amin' ny faritra maina sy be vato any atsimo andrefan' i [[Madagasikara]] izy io, ary matetika any amin' ny toerana sarotra idirana. [[Zavamaniry mianika]] izy, sady mampiavaka ny faritry ny ala maina na alan-tsilo, izay mihodidina ny [[kirihitra]] na ny [[hazo madinika]]. Tandindomin-doza ny toerana aniriany voajanahary noho ny [[fandripahana ala]] sy ny fanangonana azy tafahoatra. === Fampiasana azy === Mamokatra [[Vodin-javamaniry|vodiny]] any ambanin' ny tany, izay azo ampiasaina ho sakafo, ity ovy ity. Any amin' ny faritra sasany dia sakafo nentim-paharazana ny vodiny, izay hanina indrindra amin' ny fotoanan' ny tsy fahampian-tsakafo. Mety mitaky fanomanana manokana (toy ny fandrahoana na fandomana ela) ity ovy ity mba hanesorana ny zavatra mangidy na misy poizina ao aminy. == Rohy ivelany == * "[http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/04_les_sp_d_ignames.pdf#:~:text=Trente%20deux%20esp%C3%A8ces%20sauvages%20du%20genre%20Dioscorea,(BURKILL%20et%20PERRIER%20DE%20LA%20B%C3%82THIE%201950).&text=Les%20tubercules%20de%20la%20majorit%C3%A9%20de%20ces,en%20bordure%20de%20for%C3%AAts%20(JEANNODA%20et%20al. Les espèces d'ignames (''Dioscorea'' sp.) dans la sud de Madagascar. Inventaires et aires de répartition 3] {{Wayback|url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/04_les_sp_d_ignames.pdf#:~:text=Trente%20deux%20esp%C3%A8ces%20sauvages%20du%20genre%20Dioscorea,(BURKILL%20et%20PERRIER%20DE%20LA%20B%C3%82THIE%201950).&text=Les%20tubercules%20de%20la%20majorit%C3%A9%20de%20ces,en%20bordure%20de%20for%C3%AAts%20(JEANNODA%20et%20al. |date=20220329200241 }}", ''madarevues.recherches.gov.mg'' * "[https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Dioscorea+bemandry Dioscorea bemandry]", ''tropical.theferns.info'' * "[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/429388-Dioscorea-bemandry Dioscorea bemandry]", ''www.inaturalist.org'' (misy sary) == Loharano sy fanaùarihana == a8far8wgo24mo4e7ebi7x5c1l723w6c 0 293342 1146980 1118892 2026-07-07T01:47:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox olona|anarana=Gregory Petrovich Grabovoi|teraka=14 Novamvbra 1963|toerana=Shymkent|firenena=Kazakhstan|asa=pasteur}} I '''Grigori Petrovich Grabovoi''' dia lehilahy [[Rosiana (vahoaka)|rosiana]] manam-pahaizana sady mpampianatra ara-panahy mampiadi-hevitra. Teraka tamin'ny 14 Novambra 1963 tao Shymkent any [[Kazakstàna|Kazakstana]] izy. I Grigori Grabovoi dia milaza fa manana dokotera amin'ny siansa ara-batana sy matematika ary amin'ny siansan'ny injenieria, ary mitondra ny tenany ho mpahita lavitra sy mpampianatra ara-panahy. Fantatra indrindra amin'ny fitoriany sy ny "fampianarana momba ny famonjena maneran-tany sy ny fampandrosoana mirindra", izay heverina ho [[sekta]] amin'ny sehatra maro. == Filazana sy fitoriana mampiadi-hevitra == I Grabovoi dia nanao filazana maro nahasarika saina, anisan'izany ny fahafahany mamely sy manangana amin'ny maty, mitsabo aretina toy ny SIDA sy homamiadana<ref name=":0"><small>[https://www.grigori-grabovoi.world/index.php/about-grigori-grabovoi Biography Grigori Grabovoi] {{Wayback|url=https://www.grigori-grabovoi.world/index.php/about-grigori-grabovoi |date=20250604024923 }}, ''www.grigori-grabovoi.world''</small></ref>, mampihatra teleportation, manamboatra fitaovana elektrônika lavitra amin'ny alalan'ny fahitana lavitra. Nilaza ho [[Fiavian' i Kristy fanindroany|fiverenana faharoa]]<nowiki/>n' i [[Jesoa|Jesoa Kristy]] izy<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>"[https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-manifesting-cheat-codes-grabovoi-numbers-trend-dark-past-russia-2021-6 A cult leader was imprisoned in Russia for promising mothers he could resurrect their massacred children. 13 years later, his 'cheat codes for the universe' became a TikTok obsession]". ''www.businessinsider.com''</small></ref><ref name=":1"><small>[https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B008RKQD3S "Grigori Grabovoi]", ''www.amazon.com''</small></ref>. == Isan'i Grabovoi == Iray amin'ny fombany malaza ny isan'i Grabovoi, izay lazainy fa manana hery manasitrana, mahavita manova ny zava-misy, mampanatanteraka faniriana amin'ny alalan'ny fifantohana lalina. Ireo isa ireo dia niely be tamin'ny [[TikTok]], ka niantsoan'ny olona azy hoe "cheat codes-n'ny tontolo iainana". == Fihenan'ny lazany sy fitsarana == Tamin'ny taona 2008 dia voaheloka 11 taona an-tranomaizina i Grabovoi noho ny hosoka, rehefa nampanantena renim-pianakaviana maro fa afaka [[Fitsanganan-ko velona|mamelona]] ny zanak' izy ireo efa maty izy. Navotsotra alohan'ny fotoana izy taty aoriana. == Fampielezany sy bokiny == Na dia eo aza ny fitsarana sy ny fitsikerana mahazo an' i Grabovoi, dia mitohy ny fanapariahany ny fampianarany amin'ny alalan'ny boky maro momba ny [[famonjena]], ny [[fiainana mandrakizay]], ny fampiasana isa manasitrana. Azo vidiana amin'ny Amazon sy Goodreads ireo boky ireo<ref name=":1" />. == Fanehoan-kevitra sy fifanoherana == Molaza ny mpitsikera sy manam-pahaizana fa mampidi-doza ny fampianaran' i Grabovoi ary manodinkodina olona amin'ny fitiavan-tena. Ny mpankasitraka kosa dia mahita azy ho mpitarika ara-panahy sy mpanome fanantenana amin'ny fandrosoana manokana sy fanasitranana amin'ny fomba tsy ara-pitsaboana môderina. == Loharano == ksxrslenxc6qprc6np2sgu8fn802gti 0 294336 1146966 1131872 2026-07-06T19:09:15Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146966 wikitext text/x-wiki Famaritana Ny '''Aingam-panahy''' dia vokatriny fihetseham-po, hery miafina izay avy ao anaty izay mitarika olona hamorona , misaina , mandinika. Avy amin'ny Aingam-panahy no mamoha ny fahaizan'olona. Ny '''aingam-panahy''' dia [[toe-tsaina]] na [[hery]] anatiny manosika ny olona hieritreritra, hamorona, na hanao zavatra iray amin’ny fomba vaovao sy mamorona. Matetika izy io no mipoitra avy amin’ny traikefa, ny [[fihetseham-po]], ny tontolo iainana, na ny fifandraisana amin’ny olona sy hevitra hafa. Ny aingam-panahy dia manana anjara toerana lehibe eo amin’ny sehatry ny [[zavakanto]], ny [[literatiora]], ny [[siansa]], ny [[fanabeazana]] ary ny fiainana andavanandro. == Famaritana sy toetra mampiavaka == Ny aingam-panahy <ref>https://poetawebs.e-monsite.com/pages/lahatsoratra/page-48.html</ref> dia azo faritana ho : * '''fientanam-po ara-tsaina''' : manetsika ny [[saina]] sy ny eritreritra ; * '''loharanon-kevitra''' : manampy amin’ny famoronana hevitra na vahaolana vaovao ; * '''hery manosika''' : mandrisika ny olona hanao asa na hanomboka tetikasa iray. Matetika izy io dia tsy voatery hiseho amin’ny fotoana voafaritra, fa mety ho tampoka na vokatry ny fisaintsainana lalina. == Loharanon’ny aingam-panahy == Ny aingam-panahy <ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspiration</ref>dia mety hipoitra avy amin’ny loharano maro, toy ny : * '''Ny natiora''' : endriky ny [[tontolo iainana]], ny biby ary ny zava-maniry ; * '''Ny [[fiainana]] andavanandro''' : traikefa manokana, zava-nitranga, na olana atrehina ; * '''Ny [[kolontsaina]] sy ny [[zavakanto]]''' : mozika, sary hosodoko, literatiora, sarimihetsika ; * '''Ny olona hafa''' : tantaram-piainana, fahombiazana, na fomba fisainana ; * '''Ny fianarana sy ny fahalalana''' : [[boky]], fikarohana, na adihevitra ara-tsaina. == Aingam-panahy sy famoronana == Ao amin’ny sehatry ny famoronana, ny aingam-panahy <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hrimag.com/L-inspiration-ce-qu-il-faut-premierement-savoir |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2026-03-02 |archive-date=2024-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003235111/https://www.hrimag.com/L-inspiration-ce-qu-il-faut-premierement-savoir |url-status=dead }}</ref> dia heverina ho singa fototra. Izy io no manampy ny mpanakanto, ny [[mpanoratra]], ny mpahay siansa ary ny mpamorona hafa hanangana hevitra vaovao sy hamadika izany ho asa azo tsapain-tanana. Na dia zava-dehibe aza ny aingam-panahy, dia matetika izy io no ampiana ezaka, fahaiza-manao ary faharetana mba hahazoana vokatra maharitra. == Aingam-panahy sy aingam-panahy manosika == Misy fahasamihafana ny aingam-panahy sy ny fahavononana na herim-paniriana. Ny aingam-panahy dia mifandray kokoa amin’ny fipoiran’ny hevitra sy ny famoronana, raha ny fahavononana kosa dia manondro ny finiavana hanatanteraka sy hahatratra tanjona iray. Na izany aza, matetika izy roa ireo dia mifamatotra sy mifameno. == Anjara toerana eo amin’ny fiainana == Ny aingam-panahy dia manampy amin’ny : * fanavaozana ny fomba fisainana ; * fanatsarana ny fahaiza-mamorona ; * fanomezana tanjaka ara-tsaina hiatrehana olana ; * fampiroboroboana ny fandrosoana manokana sy ara-tsosialy. Noho izany, ny aingam-panahy dia heverina ho singa manan-danja amin’ny fivoaran’ny olona sy ny fiarahamonina. * he0aqc9q8uka1v6stgyobcq26fag6ua 0 295272 1146991 1143424 2026-07-07T08:18:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146991 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Raharaha Boeing 777''' dia raharaha momba ny fanomezan' ny fitondram-panjakana malagasy fanamarinan-daharam-pisoratana anarana ny fiaramanidina [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777 200ER]] miisa dimy izay nafindra an-tsokosoko tany [[Iràna]] teo anelanelan' ny volana Marsa sy Jolay 2025. Nampiasain' ny [[Singapore Airlines]] (''[[:fr:Singapore_Airlines|fr]]'') tany am-boalohany ireo fiaramanidina ireo, avy eo notahirizina tany [[Aostralia]], tany [[Indônezia]] sy tany [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] alohan' ny hamindrana azy any Iràna. Mba hanaronana izany famindram-pananana izany dia nisy fanaovana hosoka antontan-taratasy nomen' i [[Madagasikara]] ny orinasa antsoina UDAAN Aviation. Nipoaka ampahibemaso ilay raharaha tamin' ny volana Jolay 2025, izay nitarika ny fanesorana amin' ny toerany ny Minisitry ny Fitaterana malagasy. == Fizotran' ilay raharaha == === Talohan' ilay raharaha === Ny [[fiaramanidina]] dimy vaokasika dia [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] izay anisan' ny fiaramanidin' ny [[Singapore Airlines]] (''[[:fr:Singapore_Airlines|fr]]'') any [[Singaporo]] teo aloha hatramin' ny taona 2018, avy eo nafindra tany amin' ny kômpania tailandey [[NokScoot]] (''[[:fr:NokScoot|fr]]'') any [[Tailandy]] alohan' ny hametrahana azy ao anaty toeram-pitahirizana any [[Alice Springs]] ([[Aostralia]]) taorian' ny faharavan' ity kômpania ity nandritra ny valanaretina [[Covid-19]]<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/five-boeing-777s-secretly-delivered-to-iran-learn-how-they-bypassed-sanctions/ Five Boeing 777s Secretly Delivered to Iran – Learn How They Bypassed Sanctions]", ''www.travelandtourworld.com''</small></ref><ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.intellinews.com/iran-acquires-boeing-jets-through-madagascar-paper-trail-amid-sanctions-393474/ Iran acquires Boeing jets through Madagascar paper trail amid sanctions]", ''www.intellinews.com''</small></ref><ref name=":2"><small>"[https://airinsight.com/iran-mahan-air-boeing-777/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Despite Sanctions, Iran Acquires 5 Ex-SIA Boeing 777s]", ''airinsight.com''</small></ref>. Napetraka ao amin' ny toeram-pitahirizana any Alice Springs tamin' ny 2018 ka hatramin' ny 2023 ireo fiaramanidina ireo. Ny [[Ion Aviation LLC]] (any [[Florida]], [[Etazonia]]) dia nividy azy ireo teo anelanelan' ny Septambra 2023 sy Febroary 2024<ref name=":3"><small>"[https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/156507-iran-imports-five-b777s-via-purported-malagasy-start-up? Iran imports five B777s via purported Malagasy start-up]", ''www.ch-aviation.com''</small></ref>. === Fifindrana firenena === Teo anelanelan' ny Oktobra 2023 sy Marsa 2024 dia nafindra avy any [[Alice Springs]] ho any [[Lanzhou]] ([[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]]) ireo fiaramanidina ireo tamin' ny alalan' ny laharam-pisoratana anarana amerikana (Ion Aviation), avy eo nesorina avy ao amin' ny rejisitr' i [[Etazonia]] izy ireo tamin' ny faran' ny Marsa 2024<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4"><small>"[https://www.meforum.org/mef-observer/irans-mahan-air-defies-sanctions-acquires-u-s-built-boeing-777s? Iran’s Mahan Air Defies Sanctions, Acquires U.S.-Built Boeing 777s]", ''www.meforum.org''</small></ref>. Teo anelanelan' ny Mey sy Jolay 2025 dia hita tao amin' ny seranam-piaramanidina Soekarno-Hatta (''[[:fr:Aéroport_international_Soekarno-Hatta|fr]]'') ao [[Jakarta]] (any [[Indônezia]]) ny iray amin' ireo fiaramanidina ireo fara fahakeliny (N99001 lasa 5R-RIJ)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref><small>"[https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/five-boeing-777s-secretly-delivered-to-iran-learn-how-they-bypassed-sanctions/ Five Boeing 777s Secretly Delivered to Iran – Learn How They Bypassed Sanctions]", ''www.travelandtourworld.com''</small></ref><ref name=":5"><small>"[https://www.ecofinagency.com/news/2907-47889-boeing-jets-to-iran-from-malagasy-paper-trail-to-questions? Boeing Jets to Iran: From Malagasy Paper Trail to Questions]", ''www.ecofinagency.com''</small></ref>. Tamin' ny 4 ka hatramin' ny 15 Jolay 2025 dia notahirizina vonjimaika tao [[Siem Reap Angkor International]] (''[[:fr:Aéroport_international_de_Siem_Reap-Angkor|fr]]'') (any [[Kambôdia|Kambôja]]) ireo fiaramanidina ireo<ref><small>"[https://simpleflying.com/boeing-777s-transfered-iran-despite-sanctions/ 5 Boeing 777s Transferred To Iran Despite Ongoing Sanctions]", ''simpleflying.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://onemileatatime.com/news/iranian-aircraft-smuggling-disappearing-planes/ The Wild World Of Iranian Aircraft Smuggling, “Disappearing” Planes]", ''onemileatatime.com''</small></ref><ref name=":6"><small>"[https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/156612-madagascar-sacks-transport-minister-over-iran-scandal? Madagascar sacks transport minister over Iran Scandal]", ''www.ch-aviation.com''</small></ref>. === Fisoratana anarana malagasy === Tamin' ny 17 Janoary 2025 i [[Madagasikara]], tamin' ny alalan' ny [[Aviation civil de Madagascar]], dia namoaka taratasy fanamarina-daharam-pisoratana anarana vonjimaika (frantsay: certificats d'immatriculation provisoire na CIP) tamin' ny orinasa atao hoe UDAAN Aviation / Udaan Potentials Ltd ho an' ireo [[Boeing 777]] dimy ireo<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />. Ny UDAAN Aviation dia nisoratra anarana tao amin' ny Registre du commerce et des sociétés (RCS) ao [[Antananarivo]] tamin' ny Jona 2023<ref name=":5" /><ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Affaire-des-cinq-aeronefs-l-Avion.html? Affaire des cinq aéronefs : l’Avion civile de Madagascar s’explique]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com''</small></ref><ref name=":7"><small>"[https://www.madagascarnewsroom.com/2025/07/affaire-des-boeing-777-l-opinion-reste-dubitative.html? Affaire des Boeing 777 | L'opinion reste dubitative]", ''www.madagascarnewsroom.com''</small></ref>. Ny tanjona amin' izany dia ny hitondrana azy ireo any [[Kenià]] hanaovana fikojakojana ara-teknika, nefa tsy tonga teto Madagasikara na tany Kenià mihitsy ireo fiaramanidina ireo.<ref><small>"[https://african-aviation-news.com/2025/08/01/madagascar%E2%80%91registered-udaan-used-as-front-for-iran-to-acquire-five-boeing-777s/ Madagascar‑Registered UDAAN Used as Front for Iran to Acquire Five Boeing 777s]", ''african-aviation-news.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.agenceecofin.com/actualites/2907-130509-boeing-iran-madagascar-les-faits-les-questions-le-contexte Boeing, Iran, Madagascar : les faits, les questions, le contexte]", ''www.agenceecofin.com''</small></ref>. Ireo laharam-pisoratana anarana vonjimaika ireo dia: 5R‑RIS (msn 32334), 5R‑ISA (msn 30866), 5R‑HER (msn 28522), 5R‑IJA (msn 28527) ary 5R‑RIJ (msn 33369)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref><small>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCM1Sd9Usy0 Fanazavana avy amina pilote iray momba ilay avion tratra tany Iran nampidi-kizo an' i Madagasikara]", ''Maso Madagascar TV''.</small></ref>. Telo volana no manan-kery io taratasy fanamarinana (CIP) io, izay tokony ho tapitra tamin' ny 17 Avrily 2025. Voalaza fa nisy nanao hosoka ilay taratasy fanamarinana mba hanitarana ny fe-potoana mampanan-kery azy hatramin' ny 12 Jolay 2025<ref name=":5" />. === Fahatongavana tany Iràna === Tamin' ny 15 Jolay 2025 dia niala avy any [[Siem Reap]] ([[Kambôdia|Kambôja]]) nankany Iràna ireo fiaramanidina dimy ireo, na dia efa lany andro na sandoka aza ny antontan-taratasy momba azy ireo<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />. Nigadona tao [[Chabahar]] ny roa, tao [[Zahedan]] ny roa, ary tao [[Mashhad]] ny iray. Tamin' ny fahatongavan' izy ireo dia nesorina ny marika malagasy rehetra. Toa nafenina mihitsy aza ny fiaramanidina telo<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />. === Mpividy fiaramanidina === Heverin' ny maro fa ireo [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] dimy ireo dia nampidirina tao amin' ny andiam-piaramanidin' ny [[Mahan Air]] (''[[:fr:Mahan_Airlines|fr]]''), zotram-piaramanidina iraniana tsy miankina, izay nosazian' i [[Etazonia]] nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2011<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref><small>"[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/234851/Iran-acquires-five-giant-Boeing-planes-despite-sanctions? Iran acquires five giant Boeing planes despite sanctions] {{Wayback|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/234851/Iran-acquires-five-giant-Boeing-planes-despite-sanctions |date=20250802031224 }}", ''en.mehrnews.com''</small></ref>. Ity fividianana ity angamba no fisehoana voalohan' ny Boeing 777 ao amin' ny andiam-piaramanidina sivily iraniana taorian' ny fanombohan' ny fanasaziana an-taonany maro izay nanakana ny [[Iràna|Iran Air]] sy ny orinasa hafa (''[[:fr:Iran_Air|fr]]'') tsy hahazo fiaramanidina toy izany<ref><small>"[https://www.airdatanews.com/iran-again-circumvents-sanctions-to-illegally-receive-five-boeing-777-200s/ Iran Again Circumvents Sanctions to Illegally Receive Five Boeing 777-200s]", ''www.airdatanews.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/boeing-777s-now-join-irans-fleet-a-boost-to-tourism-and-air-travel-access-amid-restrictions/ Boeing 777s now join Iran’s Fleet: A Boost to Tourism and Air Travel Access Amid Restrictions]", ''www.travelandtourworld.com''</small></ref>. == Ny orinasa UDAAN Aviation == === Mpandray anjara ao amin' ilay raharaha === Nametraka fangatahana tany amin' ny ACM ny UDAAN Aviation mba hanoratra anarana vonjimaika ny fiaramanidina [[Boeing 777]] miisa dimy, mba hahazoan' izy ireo misidina mankany amin' ny toeram-pikojakojana fiaramanidina any [[Kenià]]. Azo tamin' ny 17 Janoary 2025 ny antontan-taratasy fanamarinana vonjimaika momba izany<ref name=":8"><small>"[https://african-aviation-news.com/2025/08/01/madagascar%e2%80%91registered-udaan-used-as-front-for-iran-to-acquire-five-boeing-777s/ Madagascar‑Registered UDAAN Used as Front for Iran to Acquire Five Boeing 777s]", ''african-aviation-news.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/aviation-civile-demande-dimmatriculation-de-5-boeing-777-refusee-par-lacm/#:~:text=La%20d%C3%A9marche%20entam%C3%A9e%20par%20la,de%205%20Boeing%20777%2D212. Aviation civile : Demande d’immatriculation de 5 Boeing 777 refusée par l’ACM] {{Wayback|url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/aviation-civile-demande-dimmatriculation-de-5-boeing-777-refusee-par-lacm/#:~:text=La%20d%C3%A9marche%20entam%C3%A9e%20par%20la,de%205%20Boeing%20777%2D212. |date=20250804192607 }}", ''midi-madagasikara.mg''</small></ref><ref name=":9"><small>"[https://actu.orange.mg/madagascar-reagit-a-laffaire-des-cinq-avions-qui-seraient-lies-a-liran/ Madagascar réagit à l'affaire des cinq avions qui seraient liés ç l'Iran] {{Wayback|url=https://actu.orange.mg/madagascar-reagit-a-laffaire-des-cinq-avions-qui-seraient-lies-a-liran/ |date=20251212060450 }}", ''actu.orange.mg''</small></ref>. === Ny mombamomba azy === Ny UDAAN Aviation dia voalaza amin' ny fomba ôfisialy fa orinasa manana ny foibeny any [[India]], nefa misoratra eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny anarana hoe ''Udaan Potentials Ltd'', ao amin' ny Rejistra momba ny varotra sy ny orinasa (frantsay: ''Registre du commerce et des sociétés'' na RCS) ao [[Antananarivo]] tamin' ny taona 2023, ao Analamahitsy [[Antananarivo]] ny foiben-toerany<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10"><small>"[https://www.koolsaina.com/madagascar-au-coeur-manoeuvre-iranienne-pour-contourner-embargo/ Madagascar au cœur d'une manœuvre iranienne pour contourber l'embargo]", ''www.koolsaina.com''</small></ref>. Ny asa nambaran' ity orinasa izay tsy manana renivola afa-tsy 2 tapitrisa Ariary ity, dia ireto: fanafarana sy fanondranana vokatra avy amin' ny fambolena ([[voamadinika]], [[voanjo]], [[antsingeny]], [[zava-manitra]] fanao amin' ny sakafo, sns.), tolotra amin' ny fitaterana ana habakabaka, fikojakojana (anglisy: ''Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul'' na ''MRO''), ary fanofanana mpanamory fiaramanidina, nefa tsy manana traikefa na fotodrafitrasa voaporofo fisiana eo amin' ny sehatry ny fiaramanidina<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />. Fampahalalam-baovao maro no nanamarika fa ny Udaan Potentials Ltd dia toa orinasa fanakonan-javatra natsangana manokana hanamora ny famindrana fiaramanidina, nefa tsy misy asa momba ny fiaramanidina fantatra na mpiasa mahafeno fepetra hisahana izany ny ao aminy<ref name=":8" /><ref><small>"[https://www.lexpress.mg/2025/07/aviation-lacm-denonce-le-detournement.html? Aviation - L’ACM dénonce le détournement d’un document officiel]", ''www.lexpress.mg''</small></ref><ref name=":11"><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Affaire-des-cinq-Boeing-777-l-Etat.html? Affaire des cinq Boeing 777 : l’État porte plainte pour atteinte à la sûreté de l’Etat]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com''</small></ref>. == Vokany == === Olona voarohirohy === Nisy ny fitoriana ny UDAAN Aviation napetraka momba ny hosoka sy ny fampiasana hosoka ary koa ny fanohintohinana ny fiarovam-panjakana. Olona roa no nokarohina fa tompon' antoka tamin' ilay fisolokiana bevava tamin' ny alalan' ilay orinasa: i Khushwinder Singh ([[Indiana (vahoaka)|Indiana]]) sy i Heriniaina Rijasoa Andriamananarivo ([[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]])<ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Affaire-des-cinq-Boeing-777-l-Etat.html? Affaire Boeing 777-200 - Les deux promoteurs recherchés arrêtés]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com''</small></ref><ref name=":11" />. Nanambara i Richard Ravalomanana, filohan' ny [[Antenimierandoholona (Madagasikara)|Antenimieran-doholona]], fa mpanolo-tsaina an-tsitrapo tao aminy i Khushwinder Singh<ref><small>"[https://newsmada.com/2025/07/31/avis-de-recherche-richard-ravalomanana-nie-tout-lien-avec-singh-khushwinder/ Avis de recherche: Richard Ravalomanana nie tout lien avec Singh Khushwinder]", ''newsmada.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/zaza-ramandimbiarison-le-president-du-senat-doit-demissionner/ Zaza Ramandimbiarison : Le président du Sénat doit démissionner] {{Wayback|url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/zaza-ramandimbiarison-le-president-du-senat-doit-demissionner/ |date=20250802045107 }}", ''midi-madagasikara.mg''</small></ref>. Niampanga ny filohan' ny Antenimieran-doholona ho mandefitra amin' ny fisian' ny mpandraharaha tsy manan-tahotra na henatra ho anisan' ny olona manodidina azy ny mpitsikera<ref><small>"[https://lgdi-madagascar.com/2025/08/02/politique/richard-ravalomanana-le-president-du-senat-qui-a-ouvert-les-portes-de-la-republique-a-un-affairiste-sans-scrupule-il-doit-demissionner/ Richard Ravalomanana : le président du Sénat qui a ouvert les portes de la République à un affairiste sans scrupule]", ''gdi-madagascar.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Affaires-Ambohimalaza-et-Boeing.html Affaires Ambohimalaza et Boeing 777 : un tournant dans l’espace public]", ''www.madagascar-tribune.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/politique/fampidirana-olona-tsivalahara-maty-hasina-ny-andrim-panjakana-miala-ravalomanana-64432.php Fampidirana olona tsivalahara - Maty hasina ny andrim-panjakana, miala Ravalomanana !]", ''www.tiatanindrazana.mg''</small></ref>. Tamin' ny voalohany ny filohan' ny Antenimieran-doholona dia nandà ny fahafantarany an' ilay olona, ka niteraka olana momba ny fahatokisana an' io andrim-panjakana io izany<ref><small>"[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/politique/nilaza-fa-tsy-mahalala-ani-singh-khushwinder-nijabaka-koa-ny-filohanny-antenimierandoholona-64414.php Nilaza fa tsy mahalala an’i Singh Khushiwinder - Nijabaka koa ny Filohan’ny Antenimierandoholona…]", ''www.tiatanindrazana.''mg</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8408-2025-08-03-15-09-54.html Madagasikara. Raharaha Boeing 777-200 ER miisa 5 : fifampiraharahan'ny adala na «Marché de dupes» amina resaka manidin-tsidina tokoa] {{Wayback|url=https://www.madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/8408-2025-08-03-15-09-54.html |date=20250803213302 }}", ''www.madagate.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1usblegPLA Des preuves montrent que le général Ravalomanana ment — Boeing 777]"</small></ref>. === Fanesorana tompon' andraiki-panjakana === I [[Valéry Ramonjavelo]], minisitry ny Fitaterana sy Famantarana ny Toetrandro, dia nesorina tamin' ny toerany tamin' ny alalan' ny [[didim-panjakana]] satria voalaza fa nampiditra ny fitondrana malagasy tamin' ny raharaha iraisam-pirenena momba ny fiaramanidina tsy nisy fiaraha-miasa tamin' ny tompon' andraikitra ambony (filoham-pirenena sy praiminisitra). Voatendry hisahana vonjimaika an' ilay ministera ny praiminisitra [[Christian Ntsay]]<ref name=":13"><small>"[https://www.lexpress.mg/2025/07/affaire-immatriculations-davions-valery.html? Affaire immatriculation d'avions - Valery Ramonjavelo évincé du gouvernement]", ''www.lexpress.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.lexpress.mg/2025/07/ministere-des-transports-et-de-la.html? Ministère des transports et de la météorologie - Passation dans une ambiance lourde]", ''www.lexpress.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202507300342.html? Madagascar: Affaire « 5 boeing 777 » - Valery Ramonjavelo limogé, conseil des ministres spécial annulé]", ''fr.allafrica.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://actu.orange.mg/les-membres-du-gouvernement-rappeles-a-lordre-suite-a-laffaire-des-boeing/ Les membres du gouvernement rappeles à l'ordre suite à l'affaire des Boeing] {{Wayback|url=https://actu.orange.mg/les-membres-du-gouvernement-rappeles-a-lordre-suite-a-laffaire-des-boeing/ |date=20250809183307 }}", ''actu.orange.mg''</small></ref>. Nanazava i Valéry Ramonjavelo taoriana kelin' ny fotoana nipoahan' ilay raharaha sy talohan' ny nanesorana azy fa izy mihitsy no nankato ny fandefasana teknisiana (avy ao amin' ny ACM) tany [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] mba hijery ny mombamomba ireo fiaramanidina ireo alohan' ny handefasana azy ireo any [[Kenià]] mba hokojakojaina<ref name=":13" /><ref><small>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJcbuw_tN3U&t=72s Point de presse de Valérie Ramonjavelo, Ministre des transports et de la météorologie]", ''2424mg'' (29 Jolay 2025)</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.agenceecofin.com/actualites/0108-130591-madagascar-deux-suspects-arretes-et-un-ministre-limoge-dans-l-affaire-des-boeing-777-retrouves-en-iran Madagascar : deux suspects arrêtés et un ministre limogé dans l’affaire des Boeing 777 retrouvés en Iran]", ''www.agenceecofin.com''</small></ref>. === Fahatongavan' ny FBI === Tonga eto [[Madagasikara]] ny mpanao famotorana avy amin' ny [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) (''[[:fr:Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation|fr]]'') handray anjara amin' ny fanadihadiana mahakasika ity raharaha momba ny antontan-taratasy sy fiaramanidina nentina ho any [[Iràna]] ity<ref><small>"[https://laverite.mg/politique/item/24872-affaire-des-boeing-777-des-agents-du-fbi-sur-le-sol-malgache.html Affaire des Boeing 777 - Des agents du FBI sur le sol malgache] {{Wayback|url=https://laverite.mg/politique/item/24872-affaire-des-boeing-777-des-agents-du-fbi-sur-le-sol-malgache.html |date=20250805164339 }}", ''laverite.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.lexpress.mg/2025/08/affaire-des-boeing-777-la-piste.html Affaire des BOEING 777 - La piste internationale au cœur de l’enquête]", ''www.lexpress.mg''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.freenews.mg/raharaha-boeing-777-efa-eto-madagasikara-ny-fbi-hanadihady-hoy-ny-praiminisitra/ Raharaha Boeing 777: Eta eto Madagasikara ny FBI hanadihady, hoy ny Piraininisitra]", ''www.freenews.mg''</small></ref>. == Ny olana ilam-panazavana == === Tsy nandalo taty Madagasikara akory ny fiaramanidina dimy === Ny fiaramanidina [[Boeing 777]] dimy misoratra anarana vonjimaika sy mitondra ny sainam-pirenena malagasy dia tsy niditra teto [[Madagasikara]] mihitsy nandritra ny telo volana nampanan-kery ny antontan-taratasy momba izany, nefa tsy nisy taitra ny tompon' andraikitra malagasy. Io fifohazan' ny fitondrana malagasy amin' ny torimasony tampoka io, taorian' ny fipoahan' ilay raharana ka lasa fanta-bahoaka, dia mampametra-panontaniana ny maro<ref><small>"[https://le-bon-reflex.blogspot.com/2025/07/rebondissement-affaire-boeing-777-une.html? Rebondissement - Affaire Boeing 777 : une affaire de faux papiers qui sent l’écran de fumée à Madagascar]", ''le-bon-reflex.blogspot.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.koolsaina.com/madagascar-au-coeur-manoeuvre-iranienne-pour-contourner-embargo/ Madagascar au cœur d'une manouvre iranienne pour contourner l'embargo]", ''www.koolsaina.com''</small></ref>. === Fanitsakitsahana ny fanasazian' i Etazonia an' i Iràna === Ny [[Boeing 777]] dimy izay nafindra any [[Iràna]], na dia eo aza ny ankivy nataon' i [[Etazonia]] amin' io firenena io, dia manohintohina ny fahombiazan' ny fitsipika momba ny fanondranana entana saro-pady ary mety hanosika an' i [[Washington]] hametraka sazy faharoa na hametra ny fanampiana sy ny fifanarahana ara-barotra miaraka amin' i [[Madagasikara]]<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":12"><small>"[https://gateofafrica.com/blog/madagascar-impliquee-dans-la-vente-davions-a-liran-5-boeing-777-200er-livres-malgre-les-sanctions-internationales Madagascar impliquée dans la vente d’avions à l’Iran : 5 Boeing 777-200ER livrés malgré les sanctions internationales]", ''gateofafrica.com''</small></ref>. === Lesoka lehibe eo amin' ny fanaraha-maso ny fifamoivoizana ana habakabaka === Ity tranga ity dia manasongadina lesoka lehibe amin' ny rafitra mifehy ny [[fiaramanidina]] maneran-tany. Ny fampiasana ny sainam-pirenena malagasy mba hialana amin' ny ankivy dia manimba ny fitokisana iraisam-pirenena, ka manome ohatra mampidi-doza ho an' ny tambajotra hafa mitady hanao toy izany koa<ref name=":12" /><ref><small>"[https://le-bon-reflex.blogspot.com/2025/07/liran-defie-nouveau-les-sanctions-des.html? L'Iran défie à nouveau les sanctions : des Boeing 777 détournés via Madagascar attisent les tensions mondiales]", ''le-bon-reflex.blogspot.com''</small></ref>. == Fanononana an' i Mamy Ravatomanga == Taorian' ny fandosirany niaraka amin' ny praiministra [[Ntsay Christian]] tany [[Maorisy]] tamin' ny 12 Oktobra 2025, rehefa naka ny fitondrana ny miaramila avy ao amin' ny [[CAPSAT]], dia voatonona ao anatin' ny antontan-taratasy ôfisialy azon' ny [[Agence France-Presse]] (AFP), miaraka amin' i [[Valery Ramonjavelo]] sy ny tale jeneralin' ny [[Aviation civile de Madagascar]], ho anisan' ny voarohirohy tamin' ity raharaha ity, i [[Mamy Ravatomanga]]<ref><small>"[https://lexpress.mu/s/reouverture-du-dossier-de-la-vente-des-boeing-a-liran-encore-des-ramifications-mauriciennes-550731 Réouverture du dossier de la vente des Boeing à l’Iran : encore des ramifications mauriciennes]", ''L’Express (Île Maurice)'', 23 octobre 2025</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.africaradio.com/actualite-111625-madagascar-mamy-ravatomanga-milliardaire-en-fuite-au-coeur-du-scandale-des-boeing-777-transferes-a-l-iran Madagascar : Mamy Ravatomanga, milliardaire en fuite, au cœur du scandale des Boeing 777 transférés à l’Iran]", ''Africa Radio'', 19 octobre 2025 (consulté le 23 octobre 2025)</small></ref>. Misy amin' ny olona voatazona am-ponja ny nilaza fa izy no atidoha nikotrika io raharaha io, ankoatra an' i Valéry Ramonjavelo (minisitry ny Fitaterana teo aloha) sy ny tale jeneralin' ny Aviation civile de Madagascar (ACM), ny kôlônely [[Gervais Damasy]]. == Raha te hanampy fanovozan-kevitra == * '''Vidéo''' ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxI9pl7Whck Valéry Ramonjavelo - Directeur des Ressources Humaines de la STAR x SAYNA]", ''SAYNA'' (23 Jolay 2018) ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kht_92szXtk Valéry Ramonjavelo: Madagascar Airlines commence à retrouver la confiance de ses partenaires]", ''2424mg'' (8 Avrily 2025) ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLHKAosx8jg Message de Son Excellence Dr Ramonjavelo Manambahoaka Valéry - FOJAEB 2025 Madagascar]", ''Blue Eco Africa TV'' (01 Mey 2025) ** "[https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Kht_92szXtk Valéry Ramonjavelo : Madagascar Airlines commence à retrouver la confiance de ses partenaires]", ''2424mg'' (29 Jolay 2025) ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJcbuw_tN3U&t=72s Point de presse de Valérie Ramonjavelo, Ministre des transports et de la météorologie]", ''2424mg'' (29 Jolay 2025) ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoIUYxblQSw Nivoaka ny marina ! Efa tany Iran i Augustin Andriamananoro]", ''ROATELO3''. ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1usblegPLA Des preuves montrent que le général Ravalomanana ment — Boeing 777]" ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbngv4wv9ws Valan-dresaka nataon' i Richard Ravalomanana tany ivelany]", * '''Lalàna''' ** "[https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-programs-and-country-information Sanctions Programs and Country Informatio]" (jereo manokana "[https://ofac.treasury.gov/sanctions-programs-and-country-information/iran-sanctions Iran Sanctions]"), ''Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), U.S. Department of the Treasury'', ** [https://textes.lexxika.com/lois-malagasy/loi-n2015-006-du-12-fevrier-2015-modifiant-et-completant-certaines-dispositions-de-la-loi-n2012-011-du-13-aout-2012-portant-code-malagasy-de-laviation-civile/ La loi n° 2012‑011 du 13 août 2012, modifiée par la loi n° 2015‑006 du 12 février 2015], ''Lexxika''. ** [https://textes.lexxika.com/lois-malagasy/decret-n2013-710-du-17-septembre-2013-modifiant-et-completant-certaines-dispositions-du-decret-n2008-187-du-15-fevrier-2008-portant-organisation-de-ladministration-de-laviation-civile/ Décret n°2013-710 du 17 Septembre 2013 Modifiant et complétant certaines dispositions du Décret n°2008-187 du 15 février 2008 portant organisation de l’Administration de l’aviation civile et fixant les attributions des structures qui la composent]., ''Lexxika'' ** [https://jwf-legal2.fr.gd/Lois-164.htm? Loi n° 99-031 Relative à l’aviation civile de la République de Madagascar], ''Ma-page.fr'' ** [https://www.dcn-pac.mg/uploads/loi/c6b9c6af84af2fb9f45ed0ce9a37c413.pdf Loi N° 2018-043 du 13 Février 2019 sur la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme] {{Wayback|url=https://www.dcn-pac.mg/uploads/loi/c6b9c6af84af2fb9f45ed0ce9a37c413.pdf |date=20250325062515 }}, ''www.dcn-pac.mg'' ** [https://textes.lexxika.com/lois-malagasy/decret-n2016-1233-du-04-octobre-2016-instituant-des-sanctions-administratives-pour-les-manquements-aux-disposition-legislatives-et-reglementaires-en-matiere-daviation-civile/ Décret n°2016-1233 du 04 Octobre 2016 Instituant des sanctions administratives pour les manquements aux disposition législatives et réglementaires en matière d’aviation civile], ''Lexxika'' * '''Lahatsoratra hafa''' ** “[https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/156507-iran-imports-five-b777s-via-purported-malagasy-start-up Iran imports five B777s via purported Malagasy start-up]”, ''ch-aviation'' (28–29 Jolay 2025). ** “[https://www.meforum.org/mef-observer/irans-mahan-air-defies-sanctions-acquires-u-s-built-boeing-777s Iran’s Mahan Air defies sanctions, acquires U.S.-built Boeing 777s]”, ''Middle East Forum Observer'' (29 Jolay 2025). ** “[https://www.intellinews.com/iran-acquires-boeing-jets-through-madagascar-paper-trail-amid-sanctions-393474 Iran acquires Boeing jets through Madagascar paper trail amid sanctions]”, ''IntelliNews'' (29 Jolay 2025). ** "[https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Affaire-des-cinq-aeronefs-l-Avion.html Affaire des cinq aéronefs : l’aviation civile s’explique]", ''Madagascar Tribune'' (26 Jolay 2025) ** "[https://www.studiosifaka.org/articles/actualites/item/8296-avions-5r-en-iran-la-maladresse-qui-pourrait-couter-cher-a-madagascar.html Avions 5R en Iran : la maladresse qui pourrait coûter cher à Madagascar]", ''Studio Sifaka'' (29 Jolay 2025). ** "[https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/158572-irans-sanctions-busting-the-curious-case-of-the-five-777s Iran's Sanctions Busting: The Curious Case of the Five 777s]", ''Ch-aviation.'' ** "[https://www.agenceecofin.com/transport/2007-111585-cinq-boeing-vendus-a-liran-madagascar-au-coeur-dun-scandale Cinq Boeing vendus à l’Iran : Madagascar au cœur d’un scandale]", ''Agence Ecofin.'' ** "[https://www.newsmada.com/2025/07/21/transfert-des-5-boeing-777-une-affaire-de-gros-sous-a-demanteler/ Transfert des 5 Boeing 777 : Une affaire de gros sous à démanteler]", ''Newsmada'' ** "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCM1Sd9Usy0 Fanazavana avy amina pilote iray momba ilay avion tratra tany Iran nampidi-kizo an' i Madagasikara]", ''Maso Madagascar TV''. == Jereo koa == * [[Kolikoly eto Madagasikara]] ** [[Raharaha Volamena nivadika Vy]] ** [[Raharaha Volamena 73 kilao]] (tao Afrika Atsimo) ** [[Raharaha Volamena 49 kilao]] (tatsy Kômôro) ** [[Raharaha Ecran plat]] ** [[Raharaha Bobon sucette]] ** [[Raharaha Gemfields]] ** [[Fifanarahana miafina momba ny Predator]] * Samihafa ** [[Fikambanan'ny Mpampiasa Sidina ana Habakabaka Sivily Iraisam-Pirenena|Fikambanan' ny Mpampiasa Sidina ana Habakabaka Sivily Iraisam-Pirenena]] ** [[Fifanarahana tany Chicago]] ([[:en:Convention_on_International_Civil_Aviation|en]]) ** [[Fifanarahana tany Varsovia]] ([[:en:Warsaw_Convention|en]]) ** [[Mamy Ravatomanga]] == Lo harano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Boeing]] [[Sokajy:Fiaramanidina]] 5plgqzc0v10zvw7pmofwri667ii1bj2 0 295435 1146992 1118023 2026-07-07T08:39:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramakararo''' dia voalaza fa mpanjaka (na [[soltàna]]) voalohan' ny [[Antemoro]], foko tranainy any amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]], indrindra ny manodidina an' i [[Manakara]] sy [[Ivato (Vohipeno)|Ivato]]<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/4713-madagascar-descendants-de-la-royaute-antemoro-sakandro-2015.html? Madagascar. Descendants de la royauté Antemoro : Sakandro 2015] {{Wayback|url=https://madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/4713-madagascar-descendants-de-la-royaute-antemoro-sakandro-2015.html |date=20200131012634 }}", ''madagate.org''</small></ref>. Indraindray izy dia lazaina fa [[Soltàna|soltana]] avy any [[Atsinanana Afovoany]], na avy any [[Meka (Arabia Saodita)|Meka]] mihitsy aza, ary nanorim-ponenana tao amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanan' i Madagasikara<ref name=":0" />. == Mpanorina ny foko Antemoro == Araka ny lovantsofina dia nigadona teo amin’ ny toerana antsoina hoe Abbou Abbe (Ambohabe ankehitriny), izay renivohitry ny fanjakana [[Antemoro]], Ramakararo, anarana izay voalaza fa [[fanagasiana]] ny hoe "Sultan Reis-Iman-Orkhan-Hieros"<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://soleilune.com/abbou-abbe-premiere-capitale-royaume-antemoro/ Abbou Abbe, la première capitale du Royaume d’Antemoro] {{Wayback|url=https://soleilune.com/abbou-abbe-premiere-capitale-royaume-antemoro/ |date=20260211035143 }}", ''soleilune.com''</small></ref><ref name=":2"><small>"[https://soleilune.com/origine-nom-antemoro/ Origine du nom Antemoro] {{Wayback|url=https://soleilune.com/origine-nom-antemoro/ |date=20260211034928 }}", ''soleilune.com''</small></ref>. Nametraka firazanana teo an-toerana ity mpitondra ity, ka nampita ny fanjakana tamin-d[[Ralivoaziry]] zanany, avy eo tamin-d[[Ramosamary]], avy eo tamin-d[[Ramarohala]], izay anisan’ ny taranaka malaza<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. == Lafiny ara-pivavahana sy ara-kolontsaina == Ny Antemoro dia fantatra amin' ny andraikitry ny [[Ombiasa|ombiasy]] ([[Sikidy|mpisikidy]] na mpitsabo nentim-paharazana), ny fahalalany momba ny [[fanandroana]], ny fitsaboana ary ny [[Sorabe]] ([[abidy]] avy amin' ny [[abidy arabo]])<ref><small>"[https://paradoxicalobservations.wordpress.com/2011/04/24/the-antaimoros-of-madagascar/ The Antaimoros of Madagascar]", ''paradoxicalobservations.wordpress.com''</small></ref>. Voalaza fa Ramakararo no nipoiran’ ity vakoka ara-kolontsaina ity, ka ny fampitana izany no namolavola ny maha-izy azy ny Antemoro<ref name=":3"><small>"[https://madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/7785-jesy-rabelalao-nivoaka-ny-bokiny-mikasika-anny-mpanjaka-antemora-ramakararo.html? Jesy Rabelalao. Nivoaka ny bokiny mikasika an’ny Mpanjaka Antemora Ramakararo]", ''madagate.org''</small></ref>. == Literatiora == Boky iray mitondra ny lohateny hoe "''Mpanjaka Antemoro Ramakararo, Hasina sy Rain'ny fanjakana Malagasy''" (milaza an-dRamakararo ho "mpanjaka mpanorina ny foko Antemoro") izay mitantara ny razambeny, mampifoha ny fiaviany manomboka any [[Kanaana]] ka hatrany [[Tiorkia|Torkia]], nandalo an' i alalan' i [[Meka (Arabia Saodita)|Maka]] (na Meka), ary manasongadina ny toerana misy azy ao amin' ny fahatsiarovana iombonana malagasy amin' ny maha mpihazona ny hasina, fahefana ara-panahy sy ara-pôlitika, azy<ref name=":3" />. == Lohrano sy fanamarihana == c1iwcjwog4pew20wvbf1xsepxmch9wy 0 297494 1146955 1144798 2026-07-06T18:38:59Z Thelezifor 15140 1146955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Xerophyta retinervis00.jpg|vignette|445x445px|''Xerophyta retinervis'']] Ny '''''Velloziaceae''''' dia fianakavian-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]], ahitana karazana 270 mitsinjara amin' ny antokon-javamaniry 7. [[Hazo (zavamaniry)|Hazo]] na [[hazobotry]] na [[zavamaniry ahitra]], mahatanty toerana maina ny karazana ao aminy, izay hita any amin' ny faritra mafana any [[Amerika Atsimo]], ao [[Afrika]], eto [[Madagasikara]] ary any [[Arabia]]. Mametraka ity fianakaviana ity ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]] ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika ankehitriny. == Lisitry ny antokon-javamaniry == Ahitana antokon-javamaniry 7 ny fianakaviana ''Velloziaceae''. Inty ny lisitry ny antokon-javamaniry araka ny [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|''World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'']] (WCSP) <small>(15 A</small><small>vrily 2010)</small>: * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' <small>P.C.Kao (1980)</small> * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' <small>Vand. (1796)</small> * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. (1962)</small> * ''[[Nanuza]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu (1976)</small> * ''[[Talbotia]]'' <small>Balf. (1868)</small> * ''[[Vellozia]]'' <small>Vand. (1788)</small> * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' <small>Juss. (1789)</small> Ny ''Xerophyta'' no antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''Velloziaceae'' manana krazana eto [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|Madagasikara]]. tsw7492d4ws64j2q2pyaf38kp10yman 1146959 1146955 2026-07-06T18:50:32Z Thelezifor 15140 1146959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Xerophyta retinervis00.jpg|vignette|445x445px|''Xerophyta retinervis'']] Ny '''''Velloziaceae''''' dia fianakavian-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]], ahitana karazana 270 mitsinjara amin' ny antokon-javamaniry 7. [[Hazo (zavamaniry)|Hazo]] na [[hazobotry]] na [[zavamaniry ahitra]], mahatanty toerana maina ny karazana ao aminy, izay hita any amin' ny faritra mafana any [[Amerika Atsimo]], ao [[Afrika]], eto [[Madagasikara]] ary any [[Arabia]]. Mametraka ity fianakaviana ity ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]] ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika ankehitriny, fa tao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]] teo aloha. == Lisitry ny antokon-javamaniry == Ahitana antokon-javamaniry 7 ny fianakaviana ''Velloziaceae''. Inty ny lisitry ny antokon-javamaniry araka ny [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|''World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'']] (WCSP) <small>(15 A</small><small>vrily 2010)</small>: * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' <small>P.C.Kao (1980)</small> * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' <small>Vand. (1796)</small> * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. (1962)</small> * ''[[Nanuza]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu (1976)</small> * ''[[Talbotia]]'' <small>Balf. (1868)</small> * ''[[Vellozia]]'' <small>Vand. (1788)</small> * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' <small>Juss. (1789)</small> Ny ''Xerophyta'' no antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''Velloziaceae'' manana krazana eto [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|Madagasikara]]. 2rolphxn9qkcpko2otdyakl7gnqvy85 0 297495 1146910 1128062 2026-07-06T15:59:00Z Thelezifor 15140 Nandamina lahatsoratra 1146910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Pandanus tectorius roots&branches.jpg|vignette|387x387px|''Pandanus tectorius'']] Ny '''Pandanales''' dia filaharan-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]]. Ao amin' ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist|fanasokajiaa klasikan' i Cronquist]] (1981) dia tsy ahitana afa-tsy fianakaviana iray ihany ity filaharana ity, dia ny ''[[Pandanaceae]]''. Ao amin' ny [[Fanasokajiana filôjenetika|fanasokajiana]] [[Fanasokajiana filôjenetika|filôjenetika]] kosa ity filaharana ity dia ahitana fianakaviana maromaro. == Fanasokajiana == Ao amin' ny [[Fanasokajiana APG|fanasokajiana]] [[Fanasokajiana APG|filôjenetika APG]] (1998), ny firafitr' ity filaharana ity dia ahitana ireto fianakaviana ireto: * ''[[Cyclanthaceae]]'' * ''[[Pandanaceae]]'' * ''[[Stemonaceae]]'' * ''[[Velloziaceae]]'' Ao amin' ny [[fanasokajiana APG II]] (2003) sy [[Fanasokajiana APG III|APG III]] (2009), ny fitanisana ny fianakaviana dia nisy fanovana kely: * ''[[Cyclanthaceae]]'' * ''[[Pandanaceae]]'' * ''[[Stemonaceae]]'' * ''[[Triuridaceae]]'' * ''[[Velloziaceae]]'' gzlpilt81coounm1l7nu95lk4avk8em 0 298101 1146911 1138778 2026-07-06T15:59:14Z Thelezifor 15140 Nandamina lahatsoratra 1146911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Pandanus tectorius (5187732979).jpg|vignette|391x391px|''Pandanus tectorius'']] Ny '''''Pandanaceae''''' dia fianakavian-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], ka ny karazana fantatra indrindra dia ireo ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''[[Pandanus]]''. Ohatra amin' izany ny ''[[Pandanus utilis]]''. Fianakaviana tranainy izy io, efa tany amin' ny fiantombohan' ny Kretasea ka hatramin' ny afovoany. Teratany any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly aty amin' ny [[Tontolo Taloha]], avy any [[Afrika Andrefana]] ka hatrany [[Ranomasimbe Pasifika|Pasifika]]. Misy karazana eo anelanelan' ny 700 sy 1&nbsp;000 mitsinjara amin' ny antokon-javamaniry telo hatramin' ny dimy izy io, ary ny ''Pandanus'' no antoko filamatra sady manan-danja indrindra, ahitana ny ''Pandanus amaryllifolius'' sy ny ''Pandanus julianettii'' izay loharanon-tsakafo lehibe. Azo inoana fa tamin' ny vanim-potoana Kretacea no niandohan' ny fianakaviana. Ahitana [[Hazo (zavamaniry)|hazo]], [[hazobotry]], [[zavamaniry mianika]], [[epifita]] ary ahitra maniry maharitra mihoatra ny roa taona ny ''Pandanaceae''. Amin' ny fanasokajiana ankehitriny anefa dia misy antokon-javamaniry fanampiny iray, izay manambatra ny karazana sasany taloha tao amin' ny ''Pandanus'': ny ''[[Martellidendron]].'' == Lisitry ny vondron-karazana == Ao amin' ny [[fanasokajiana klasika]], ity fianakaviana ity dia ahitana karazana 700 mizara ho antokon-javamaniry telo: * ''[[Freycinetia]]'' * ''[[Pandanus]]'' * ''[[Sararanga]]'' Mitovy isa amin' io koa ny an' ny ''[[DELTA Angio]]'' <small>(14</small> <small>Aogositra 2015).</small> Inty ny lisitry ny antokon-javamaniry araka ny ''[[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]]'' <small>(14</small> <small>Aogositra 2015)</small> sy ny ''[[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]]'' <small>(14</small> <small>Aogositra 2015)</small>: * ''[[Benstonea]]'' * ''[[Freycinetia]]'' * ''[[Martellidendron]]'' * ''[[Pandanus]]'' * ''[[Sararanga]]'' === Antoko misy eto Madagasikara === Roa fotsiny ny antoko ao amin' ny ''Pandanaceae'' misy eto [[Madagasikara]]. Antsoina amin' ny teny malagasy hoe '''fandrana''', '''vakoa''' na '''vakoana''' ny ankamaroan' ny karazana misy eto. * ''[[Martellidendron]]'' * ''[[Pandanus]]'' == Jereo koa == sm9bag71di5lly3of729nzij3z6hk2g 0 298392 1147003 1132924 2026-07-07T11:41:30Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1147003 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Trano Koltoraly Malagasy''' dia fikambanana ara-kolontsaina malagasy, izay matetika adika amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]] hoe ''Maison de la Culture de Madagascar'', izay mitana anjara toerana lehibe amin' ny fitandroana sy ny fampiroboroboana ary ny fanomezan-danja ny fomban-drazana sy ny fomba amam-panao ary ny fahalalana nentim-paharazana malagasy<ref name=":2"><small>"[https://www.tiatanindrazana.mg/actualites/trano-koltoraly-malagasy-br-manana-ny-foibe-nasionaliny-11519.php Trano Koltoraly Malagasy - Manana ny foibe nasionaliny]", ''www.tiatanindrazana.mg'', 15/11/2013</small></ref>. Misongadina manokana ny hetsika ataony amin' ny alalan' ny fikarakarana sy ny fandrafetana lanonana ara-kolontsaina, indrindra ny [[Taom-baovao malagasy|Taombaovao Malagasy]]<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://www.aty-aminay.com/blog/le-nouvel-an-malagasy Le Nouvel An Malagasy]", ''www.aty-aminay.com''</small></ref><ref name=":1"><small>"[https://laverite.mg/societe/item/18470-nouvel-an-malagasy%20-aucune-date-de-c%C3%A9l%C3%A9bration-commune.html? Nouvel an malagasy - Aucune date de célébration commune]", ''laverite.mg,'' 23 mars 2023</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf Taombaovao Malagasy] {{Wayback|url=https://ariniaina.mondoblog.org/files/2014/03/Taombaovao-Malagasy.pdf |date=20250125082916 }}", ''ariniaina.mondoblog.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/taom-baovao-une-union-a-la-malagasy/ Taom-baovao : Une union à la Malagasy]", ''midi-madagasikara.mg'', 18 mars 2021</small></ref>. Miorina, eny Ikianja Ambohimangakely (Antananarivo) ny foiben' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy<ref name=":2" />. == Fiorenana sy iraka tanterahina == === Fiorenana sy fivoarana === Naorin' ny ny dokotera Joseph Rakotonirainy tamin' ny 21 Novambra 1967 ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, ary nantsoina tamin' ny voalohany hoe "Tsimisaramianakavy"<ref name=":3"><small>"[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201006071526.html Madagascar: L'actuel président de la Trano Kolotoraly Malagasy (TKM) évoque le rôle de cette association]", ''fr.allafrica.com'', 6 Juin 2010</small></ref>. Nivoatra ka lasa fikambanana  miandraikitra ny fitandroana ny fahendrena malagasy izy. Manana foibe nasionaly ao Ikianja Ambohimangakely ilay fikambanana<ref name=":2" />. Tafiditra ao anatin' ny hetsika fitadiavana sy famelomana indray ny fomba amam-panao malagasy manoloana ny fiovana ara-piarahamonina sy ara-pivavahana<ref name=":0" />. Na dia miorim-paka tanteraka ao [[Antananarivo]] aza izy io dia miitatra  amin' ny faritra maro eto amin' ny firenena ka lasa manana mpikambana sy sampana amin' ny tanàn-dehibe sasany toa an' i [[Toamasina]], i [[Fenoarivo Atsinanana]] ary i [[Fianarantsoa]]. Ny rafitra anatiny dia matetika mizara ho sehatra vitsivitsy: fikarohana momba ny tantara sy ny [[tetiarana]] (fandalinana momba ny firazanana sy ny [[Hasina (hery tsy hita maso)|hasina]]), famoaham-boky sy lahatsoratra (momba ny [[Sorabe]] sy kolontsaina malagasy, ny fanaon-drazana toy ny [[Alimanaka malagasy|Alimanaka]], ny [[farmakôpea]] ([[zavamaniry fanao fanafody]]) ary ny fampianarana ny fahendren' ny razana)<ref name=":3" />. Misy sampan' io fikambanana io koa ny any [[Paris]], any [[Frantsa]], izay manondro ny fisiany any amin' ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena ho an’ ny fampiroboroboana ny kolontsaina malagasy<ref><small>"[https://fr.mappy.com/poi/5f73e7015e26a26ef84acf4e Trano Kolotoraly Malagasy "Maison De La Culture De Madagascar En France"]", ''fr.mappy.com''</small></ref>. Izy no nikarakara sy nahafantarana ny fankalazana ny Taombaovao Malagasy tato anatin' ny taona vitsivitsy, ka nahatonga izany ho hita sy ho fantatry ny besinimaro<ref><small>"[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202502170477.html? Madagascar: Taombaovao Malagasy 2025 - Une célébration entre culture, sacralité et communauté]", ''fr.allafrica.com''</small></ref>. === Iraka === Anisan' ny fikambanana mpikaroka tranainy indrindra momba ny fomba amam-panao malagasy ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, izay mampivondrona ny mpitahiry ny fomban-drazana sy ny manampahaizana manokana momba ny kolontsaina nentim-paharazana manerana ny Nosy<ref name=":1" />. Ivontoerana ara-kolontsaina tsy miankina amin' antokom-pinoana izy io: manasongadina ny kolontsaina mampiavaka ny Malagasy izy nefa tsy manatanteraka fombafomba ara-pivavahana manokana (ohatra: fanompoam-pivavahana nentim-paharazana, sorona, fombafomba fanao eny amin' ny fasana) mandritra ny fankalazana karakarainy<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>Mouvement des Citoyens Malagasy de Paris, "[https://mcmparis.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/alahamady-be-taombaovao-malagasy-arahaba-soa-arahaba-tsara-nouvel-an-malagasy/ Alahamady be. Taombaovao Malagasy. Arahaba soa, arahaba tsara. Nouvel An Malagasy.]", ''mcmparis.wordpress.com'', 21 mars 2015</small></ref>. Manao izay hampiroborobo sy hanajana ny soatoavin' ny [[fihavanana]] sy ny fidiovana ary ny tsodrano ho singa mandrafitra ny maha izy azy ara-kolontsaina ny Malagasy no ataony<ref name=":0" />. === Mpikambana malaza === Olona maro no mamela traikefa teo amin' ny tantaran' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, izay samy sarotiny amin' ny fiarovana ny fomban-drazana. Voalohany amin' izany ny dokotera [[Joseph Rakotonirainy]] (sekretera jeneralin’ ny Birao politika [[Mouvement Démocratique de la Rénovation Malgache|MDRM]]), izay mpanorina ilay fikambanana tamin' ny taona 1967 tamin' ny anarana hoe "Tsimisaramianakavy"<ref><small>"[https://tanikomadagascar.com/2018/03/29/dr-joseph-rakotonirainy-sekretera-jeneralinny-birao-politika-mdrm/ Dr. Joseph Rakotonirainy: Sekretera Jeneralin’ny Birao politika MDRM]", ''tanikomadagascar.com'', 29 mars 2018</small></ref> sady heverina ho olona nanana fijery lavitra ka nandrafitra ny fisainana ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy momba ny fampandrosoana ny olona amin' ny alalan' ny soatoavina malagasy<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4"><small>"[https://fr.scribd.com/document/472808172/sur-le-nouvel-an-malgache-pdf Sur le Nouven An Malgache]", ''fr.scribd.com'', Janver 2013</small></ref>. Ao koa i Henri Randrianjatovo, izay filohan’ ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy teo aloha, sady anisan' ny nafana fo tamin' ny fampiroboroboana ny fankalazana ny Taombaovao Malagasy sy ny fiarovana ny maha izy azy ny Malagasy tamin' ny [[haino aman-jery]]<ref name=":4" />. I Victorio Andriamihanta, na dia nanangana ny fikambanana ''Malagasy Iray Hasina'' (Ma.I.Ha) aza taty aoriana, dia mifandray akaiky amin' ny fikambanan' ny mpandinika ao amin' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy ny asany. Malaza amin' ny famelomana indray ny lanjanan' ny vakoka tsy azo tsapain-tanana izy<ref name=":4" /><ref><small>"[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/malagasy-iray-hasina-fete-ses-dix-ans/ Tradition : « Malagasy Iray Hasina » fête ses dix ans]", ''midi-madagasikara.mg'', 8 mars 2025</small></ref>. Ao koa ny olon-kendry sy mpikaroka maro izay mivondrona ka iankinan' ny fiainan' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy, ary voatonona matetika mandritra ny lanonana lehibe toy ny Fandroana ny anaran' izy ireo<ref name=":4" />. == Taombaovao Malagasy == === Toerany ao amin' ny fankalazana ny Taombaovao Malagasy === Ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy dia fantatra indrindra amin' ny fampiroboroboana ny fankalazana ny Taombaovao Malagasy araka ny [[tetiandro manara-bolana sy masoandro]], izay anombohan' ny [[Tetiandro malagasy|taona malagasy]] amin' ny tsinam-bolana voalohany manakaiky ny [[ekinôksa]]<nowiki/>n' ny volana Marsa, izany atao hoe tsinambolan' ny [[Alahamady]]. Miovaova isan-taona ny [[Tetiandro gregôriana|daty gregôriana]] mifanandrify amin' io andro io<ref><small>"[https://www.lexpress.mg/2025/02/taombaovao-malagasy-2025-une.html? Taombaovao Malagasy 2025  - Une célébration entre culture, sacralité et communauté]", ''www.lexpress.mg,'' 17 février 2025</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/view/67576448/prime-magazine-march-2023/83? vvvvvvvv]", ''www.yumpu.com'',</small> </ref>. Tsy ara-pivavahana na ara-poko ny hetsika atao fa fanehoana iombonana ny maha Malagasy sy ny lova ara-kolontsain' ny Malagasy rehetra<ref name=":0" />. Ny izany aza, ity fikambanana ity dia miantoka ny fitandremana ny fomban-drazana asany mandritra ny fankalazana, toy ny [[fandroana]] (fombafomba atao ho an’ ny fidiovana), ny tatao (fizarana vary misy ronono sy tantely), ary ny nofon-kena mitam-pihavanana (fiaraha-misakafo) sady matetika izy no mifidy toerana manan-tantara (toa an' [[Ambohidrabiby]] na [[Alasora]]) mba hanaovana ny fankalazana sy mba hahatsiarovana ny fifandraisan' ny mpanjaka sy ny tantara<ref><small>"[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200903180617.html Madagascar: Le Nouvel an malgache fêté ce 26 mars]", ''fr.allafrica.com'', 18 mars 2009</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://newsmada.com/2024/03/08/taombaovao-malagasy-la-purification-et-la-benediction-deux-etapes-importantes/ "Taombaovao malagasy" : la purification et la bénédiction, deux étapes importantes]", ''newsmada.com'', 8 mars 2024</small></ref><ref name=":5"><small>"[https://midi-madagasikara.mg/taom-baovao-une-union-a-la-malagasy/ Taom-baovao : Une union à la Malagasy]", ''midi-madagasikara.mg'', 18 mars 2021</small></ref>. Mandrindra hetsika ho an' ny daholobe ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy<ref name=":5" />: fombafomba fidiovana, fivoriam-pikambanana, lanonana anaovana tsodrano, fanentanam-panabeazana. Mamporisika amin' ny fankalazana ny fahasamihafana ara-kolontsai-mpirenena amin' ny fomba tsy manilika sy malalaka ary mahasolo tena ny rehetra koa izy io<ref name=":0" />. === Olana sy adihevitra === Nalain' ny Trano Koltoraly Malagasy ho fananany manokana ny anarana hoe "Taombaovao Malagasy", araka io fanoratra azy io, ka voarakitra  sy voaaro eo amin' ny sehatra nasiônaly. Izany dia manasongadina ny fiezahany hanome fankatoavana ôfisialy ny fanehoana izany singa ara-kolontsaina izany<ref name=":1" />. Na dia eo aza ny fikendreny hanana anjara andraikitra mampiray, dia mitohy hatrany ny adihevitra momba ny fametrahana daty iraisana sy ny fandraisan' ny faritra sy fikambanana ara-kolontsaina rehetra an' ireo fanao ireo, izay maneho ny fahasamihafan' ny fahazoana ny hevitr' ilay vakoka<ref name=":1" />. == Jereo koa == * [[Taom-baovao malagasy]] * [[Tetiandro malagasy]] == Loharano sy fanamarihana == 3nfq23p3dorvw42ufl59yrwdmytmnla 0 299039 1146984 1135227 2026-07-07T03:48:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox olona|anarana=[[Ketakandriana Rafitoson]]|firenena=[[Madagasikara]]|asa=Mpiaro ny zon'olombelona|seha-pitiavana=Manambady}}'''Ketakandriana Rafitoson''', fantatra ihany koa amin'ny hoe Ke, teraka tao [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikara]], dia vehivavy manolo-tena hampiroborobo ny [[Demôkrasia|demokrasia]] sy ny [[Zon' olombelona|zon'olombelona]]. Mpahay siansa politika, mpikaroka ary mpikatroka izy. == Fianarana == Rehefa nahazo diplaoma momba ny siansa politika tao amin'ny Oniversite Katolika eto Madagasikara izy dia voafidy ho mpitsara tao amin'ny rafi-pitsarana ao amin'ny fireneny. Na izany aza, noho ny [[kolikoly]] mampanahy tao anatin'ny fikambanana dia nametra-pialana izy ary nanaraka fandaharam-pianarana maîtrise. Nandritra io vanim-potoana io, nifindra tao amin'ny sehatry ny [[Angôvo|angovo]] ho mpanolo-tsaina i Rafitoson, izay nifandraisany tamin'ireo mpikambana tao amin'ny vondrom-piarahamonina [[Zezoita|Jesuit]] . Nanoro hevitra azy ho any amin'ny Foibe Iraisam-pirenena ho an'ny Hetsika Tsy Misy Herisetra izy ireo nandritra ny [[Fletcher Summer Institute]] tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Tufts . Tamin'ny taona 2013, nanangana ''ny Wake Up Madagascar'' izy mba hampiroborobo ny hetsika revolisionera ao amin'ny fireneny. Na izany aza, noho ny fitomboan'ny fahakiviana noho ny kolikoly mitohy, dia nametra-pialana tamin'ny toerany ho mpanolotsaina momba ny angovo izy tamin'ny taona 2018. Ny fanoloran-tenany ho amin'ny mangarahara sy ny fitantanana tsara no nahatonga azy nifandray tamin'ny [[Transparency International]] ka nahatonga azy ho tale mpanatanteraka teto Madagasikara, toerana nekeny <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=VOLAHERY ANDRIAMANANTENASOA, ACTIVISTE DES DROITS HUMAINS – « Les femmes rurales sont celles qui souffrent le plus de l’iniquité lié au genre à Madagascar » |url=https://www.pilnet.org/profiles/ketakandriana-rafitoson/. |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.pilnet.org |language=fr-FR}}</ref> . Tamin'ny taona 2019, nahavita ny diany akademika izy tamin'ny fahazoana mari-pahaizana doctorat. Ny tantaran'i Ketakandriana Rafitoson dia maneho ny fanoloran-tenany amin'ny soatoavina demokratika sy ny ady tsy an-kijanona ataony tamin'ny [[kolikoly]], ka nahatonga azy ho olo-malaza eo amin'ny tontolon'ny politika sy ny fiaraha-monina eto Madagasikara. Vao haingana izy no voatendry ho tale mpanatanteraka ao amin'ny Publish What You Pay <ref>https://pwyp.org/fr/ketakandriana-rafitoson-est-nommee-directrice-executive-de-publiez-ce-que-vous-payez/</ref>. == Fanoloran-tena == 2012 Nanangana ny fandaharan'asan'ny [[Women and Youth’s League for Democracy|Women and Youth's League for Democracy]] (WYLD) i Ke <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=KETAKANDRIANA RAFITOSON HRD, POLITICAL SCIENTIST Transparency International Madagascar |url=https://hrdworldsummit.org/portfolio-item/ketakandriana-rafitoson/?lang=fr |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=hrdworldsummit.org |language=fr-FR}}</ref> . Mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Young African Activist Network|Tambajotran'ny Mpikatroka Tanora Afrikana]] (YAAN) ihany koa izy <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ketakandriana Rafitoson Transparency International – Initiative Madagascar (Madagascar) |url=https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/ketakandriana-rafitoson |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.frontlinedefenders.org |language=fr-FR}}</ref> . == Haino aman-jery == * [https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/12/30/ketakandriana-rafitoson-si-les-malgaches-sont-miserables-aujourd-hui-ce-n-est-pas-la-faute-de-la-france_6156122_3212.html Ketakandriana Rafitoson : Raha ory ny vahoaka Malagasy ankehitriny dia tsy fahadisoan'i Frantsa izany. »] * [https://lexpress.mg/16/07/2022/que-la-lumiere-soit/ Aoka hisy hazavana] * [https://madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/6941-ketakandriana-rafitoson-je-me-suis-fait-lidee-quelle-a-voulu-paraitre-plus-que-transparaitre.html Ketakandriana Rafitoson. Nahazo ny fahatsapana aho fa te hiseho mihoatra noho ny mangarahara izy.] {{Wayback|url=https://madagate.org/madagascar-informations-politiques/a-la-une/6941-ketakandriana-rafitoson-je-me-suis-fait-lidee-quelle-a-voulu-paraitre-plus-que-transparaitre.html |date=20250225041248 }} == Ireo fihaonambe == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aDG6HyN6uU Iza moa i Ketakandriana Rafitoson ?] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3CpT6LZvIU Madagaskar : Ketakandriana Rafitoson, Transparency International Madagascar] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bI3cePXzSq8 Fandaharana Baraingo 2 "Ady amin'ny kolikoly sy ny tsimatimanota eto Madagasikara" - Ketakandriana Rafitoson] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuWItA64P7A Ketakandriana RAFITOSON Tantara, fivoarana ary famaritana indray ny fiarahamonim-pirenena Malagasy] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4PaSqB4b_A ketakandriana rafitoson biography] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x8TTcbW2eE Ketakandriana Rafitoson | Fananganana Hery ho an'ny Vahoaka Hanoherana ny Kolikoly eto Madagasikara] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eOuG5En3gg Tantaran'ny Mpiaro ny Zon'olombelona: Ketakandriana Rafitoson avy any Madagasikara] == References == {{Reflist}} s3po9mv6hadimuq5urmmmw4afs4pry5 0 299554 1146989 1140113 2026-07-07T07:53:35Z Thelezifor 15140 1146989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Abelmoschus manihot Flower 3000px.jpg|vignette|361x361px|''Abelmoschus manihot'']] Ny '''''Abelmoschus manihot''''' dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Malvaceae]]'', teratany any [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] sy any [[Nepaly]] ary any [[India]]. Anarana niantsoana azy koa ny hoe '''''Hibiscus manihot''''' <small>L.</small> Zavamaniry ahitra maniry isan-taona na maharitra izy io, izay mahatratra haavo 1 na 2 m sady manana vony lehibe mavo hatsatra. == Fampiasana == Azo hanina ny ravin' ny ''Abelmoschus manihot'' tanora sy ny solofony ary ny voniny izay mamy. Io zavamaniry io koa dia ambolena ho haingo. Ampiasaina any [[Japàna|Japana]] amin' ny fanamboarana taratasy nentim-paharazana ny fakany: afangaro amin' ny fetan-taratasy mba ho mpanaparitaka izy ireo. Nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-17, ny vodiny totoina ho vovoka sy afangaro tamin' ny [[rora]] dia nampiasaina koa mba hanamboarana menaka fandamana nanerana an' i [[Azia]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Abelmoschus]]'' 1bfyu95cj54r7lltmawjy4rdqj03srk 0 299692 1146972 1140021 2026-07-06T22:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146972 wikitext text/x-wiki   Vehivavy mpitondra fanjakana [[Madagasikara|Malagasy]] i '''Cécile Manorohanta''' . Niasa ho Minisitry ny Fiarovam-pirenena izy nanomboka tamin'ny [[2007]] ka hatramin'ny [[2009]] ary avy eo dia Praiminisitra lefitra niandraikitra ny Atitany. Taorian'izay dia niasa ho [[Praiminisitran'i Madagasikara|Praiminisitra]] vonjimaika izy tamin'ny 2009, ankoatra ny maha-mpampianatra sy mpikaroka azy tao amin'ny [[Oniversiten' Antsiranana|Oniversiten'i Antsiranana]] . == tantaram-piainany == === Fiainana manokana === Zanakavavin'ny miaramila i Cécile Manorohanta; niasa tao amin'ny tafika ny rainy ary teraka tao amin'ny toby miaramila izy. Niara-nipetraka tamin'ny fianakaviana lehibe iray misy zanakavavy telo sy zanakalahy telo izy. Avy any avaratr'i [[Christian Ntsay|Madagasikara]] izy <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=le Ministère de la Population, de la Protection Sociale et de la Promotion de la Femme |date=2019 |title=FEMMES DE MADAGASCAR |url=https://www.eces.eu/template/Femmes%20de%20Madagascar%20(1).pdf |access-date=09-04-2024 |website=eces.eu |language=fr |format=pdf}}.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=Gouvernance à Madagascar : Simple erreur de casting, 2ème partie |url=https://www.lagazette-dgi.com/p-63362.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rakotoarivelo |first=Julian |date=2015-10-08 |title=Général Dominique Jean Adolphe : Départ à la retraite d’un grand chef militaire - |url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/general-dominique-jean-adolphe-depart-a-la-retraite-dun-grand-chef-militaire/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Midi Madagasikara |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2024-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215163003/https://midi-madagasikara.mg/general-dominique-jean-adolphe-depart-a-la-retraite-dun-grand-chef-militaire/ |url-status=dead }}.</ref> misotro ronono ao amin'ny ''Tafika an'habakabaka sady Tale Jeneralin'ny Sampan-'' <ref name="Université de Diego : Défécatoire publique">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Université de Diego : Défécatoire publique |url=https://www.lagazette-dgi.com/p-80481.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=fr}}</ref> === Fianarana sy asa matihanina === Tany amin'ny sekoly fanabeazana fototra, nianatra tao amin'ny Notre-Dame College izy, sekoly ho an'ny rahavavy ao [[Antsiranana]] . Avy eo dia nanohy ny fianarany tao amin'ny sekoly ambaratonga faharoa ankapobeny tao [[Ambilobe]] izy. Nianatra tao amin'ny lise mifangaro lahy sy vavy tao Antsiranana izy, izay fantatra ankehitriny amin'ny anarana hoe Albert-Zafy High School. Nahazo diplaoma bakalorea sy maîtrise avy amin'ny Faculty of Arts and Humanities ao amin'ny [[Oniversiten' Antananarivo|Oniversiten'i Antananarivo]] izy <ref name=":0" /> . Na dia te ho lasa dokotera aza izy tamin'ny voalohany, dia nisafidy ny fianarana literatiora. Manana mari-pahaizana doctorat izy, nahazo alalana hanara-maso ny fikarohana, ary niasa manokana tamin'ny " fitenin'ny ankizy Efa navoaka tao amin'ny gazety iraisam-pirenena maromaro ny bokin'i Cécile Manorohanta <ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Suzy |date=2024-04-08 |title=Née dans un camp militaire |url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Nee-dans-un-camp-militaire,5418.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Madagascar-Tribune.com |language=fr}}.</ref> . Nanomboka nampianatra tao amin’ny Sekoly Normal Antanimalandy ( [[Mahajanga]] ), avy eo teny Mahamasina ( [[Antananarivo]] ). Manana teny filamatra izy : Amin'ny alalan'ny asa no ahafahantsika manova zavatra. Nahazo diplaoma momba ny fiteny izy, ary nahazo ny PhD tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Montréal ary nahavita ny fianarany doctorat tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Kalifornia, Los Angeles <ref name=":0" />, izay niarahany niasa tamin'ny mpahay tantara Edward L. Keenan (ao anatin'ny) . Nanomboka tany Antsiranana ny asany matihanina Izy no lehiben'ny departemantan'ny fianarana frantsay tao amin'ny Fakiolten'ny Zavakanto sy Siansa nanomboka tamin'ny 1996. Roa taona taty aoriana, dia lasa dekana tao amin'io sampam-pianarana io izy. Tamin'ny taona 2002, dia niditra tao amin'ny faribolan'ireo manam-pahaizana ao amin'ny Agence universitaire de la francophonie, sampana Ranomasimbe Indiana izy. Tamin'ny taona 2006, dia nitarika ny sampana Malagasy tao amin'ny sehatra fifanakalozan-kevitry ny vehivavy mpanabe Afrikana izy. Avy eo dia lasa filohan'ny [[Oniversiten' Antsiranana|Oniversiten'i Antsiranana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cécile Manorohanta Dominique : Commandeur de la Légion d’Honneur française |url=https://www.madagate.org/monde-malgache/portrait/1058-cecile-manorohanta-dominique-commandeur-de-la-legion-dhonneur-francaise.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=madagate.org |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408193010/https://www.madagate.org/monde-malgache/portrait/1058-cecile-manorohanta-dominique-commandeur-de-la-legion-dhonneur-francaise.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> . Profesora tao amin'ny [[Oniversiten' Antsiranana|Oniversiten'i Antsiranana]] izy, ary voafidy ho filoha inefatra <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-28 |title=Université d'Antsiranana : quatrième et dernier mandat pour Manorohanta Cécile |url=https://latribune.cyber-diego.com/societe/2026-universite-d-antsiranana-quatrieme-et-dernier-mandat-pour-manorohanta-cecile.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=latribune.cyber-diego.com |language=fr}}.</ref>, nanomboka ny fe-potoam-piasany fahefatra sady farany nandritra ny telo taona tamin'ny taona 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-28 |title=Université d'Antsiranana : quatrième et dernier mandat pour Manorohanta Cécile |url=https://latribune.cyber-diego.com/societe/2026-universite-d-antsiranana-quatrieme-et-dernier-mandat-pour-manorohanta-cecile.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=latribune.cyber-diego.com |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-25 |title=Madagascar : Les échos d'Antsiranana du 25 février 2019 |url=https://actu.orange.mg/madagascar-les-echos-dantsiranana-du-25-fevrier-2019/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orange actu Madagascar |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135318/https://actu.orange.mg/madagascar-les-echos-dantsiranana-du-25-fevrier-2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . === Asa ara-politika === Nitana toerana maromaro tao amin'ny governemanta izy Nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2005 ka hatramin'ny 2006 <ref name=":0"/>, izy no Minisitry ny Fanabeazam-pirenena lefitra, talohan'ny nanendrena azy ho Minisitry ny Fiarovam-pirenena tamin'ny27 octobre 2007 tao amin'ny governemantan'ny Praiminisitra [[Charles Rabemananjara]] . Izy no vehivavy voalohany nitana io toerana io tao amin'ny fireneny. Nametra-pialana izy tamin'ny9 février 2009 noho ny sitrapony manokana, tsy te ho mpikambana ao amin'ny governemanta izay nandray anjara tamin'ny herisetra intsony, vokatry ny [[Krizy pôlitika teto Madagasikara tamin' ny 2009|krizy politika nampihorohoro ny firenena]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2009-12-18 |title=Rajoelina nomme seul un nouveau Premier ministre |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/contenu/20091218-rajoelina-nomme-seul-nouveau-premier-ministre |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar: démission de la ministre de la Défense |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2009/02/09/537575-madagascar-demission-de-la-ministre-de-la-defense.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=ladepeche.fr |language=fr}}</ref> , <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Radio-Canada |date=2009-02-09 |title=La ministre de la Défense claque la porte |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/426129/madagascar-demission |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Radio-Canada}}</ref> . Nisolo azy tamin'io andro io ihany ny Vice-Amiral Mamy Ranaivoniarivo <ref name=":3" /> . Teo ambany fitondran'ny tetezamita notarihin'ny Filoha [[Rajoelina Andry|Andry Rajoelina]], dia notendrena ho Praiminisitra lefitra, miandraikitra ny Atitany, indray i Cécile Manorohanta tamin'ny [daty tsy hita].8 septembre 2009 NY18 décembre Tamin'io taona io ihany, nesorin'ny filoha ny Praiminisitra [[Eugène Mangalaza]] <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2009-12-18 |title=Limogeage d'Eugène Mangalaza, le Premier ministre de consensus |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20091218-limogeage-deug-mangalaza-le-premier-ministre-consensus |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=France 24 |language=fr}}</ref> . Avy eo i Cécile Manorohanta dia niasa ho Praiminisitra vonjimaika nandritra ny {{Nowrap|48 heures}} <ref name=":1"/> , <ref name=":2" /> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-23 |title=Dix pays africains ont déjà confié la Primature à des femmes |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/dix-pays-africains-o%C3%B9-des-dames-ont-dirig%C3%A9-la-primature/5746227.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Voice of America |language=fr}}</ref>, talohan'ny nanendrena an'i [[Vital Albert-Camille|Albert-Camille Vital]] handimby azy <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-21 |title=Camille Vital, Premier ministre de la transition |url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Camille-Vital-Premier-ministre-de,13245.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Madagascar-Tribune.com |language=fr}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |last=RFI |title=Madagascar: Rajoelina nomme un deuxième Premier ministre en 48 heures |url=https://www.pressafrik.com/Madagascar-Rajoelina-nomme-un-deuxieme-Premier-ministre-en-48-heures_a17605.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=PRESSAFRIK.COM, Premier média certifié JTI au Sénégal |language=fr}}</ref> . == Loka sy mari-pankasitrahana == Nasandratry ny Masoivoho Frantsay Jean Marc Châtaigner ho amin'ny laharana Komandin'ny Legion of Honour izy tamin'ny23 juillet 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=maherizo |title=Cécile Manorohanta élevée à la dignité de Commandeur de la Légion d’Honneur |url=https://www.madonline.com/cecile-manorohanta-elevee-a-la-dignite-de-commandeur-de-la-legion-dhonneur/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Madagascar Online : Le premier magazine d'actualité en ligne, spécialisé sur Madagascar |language=fr-FR}}.</ref> . == adihevitra == Nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2021, dia nisy fiampangana fanodinkodinana volam-panjakana sy kolikoly tsy mivantana navoaka tao amin'ny gazety teo an-toerana <ref name="Université de Diego : Défécatoire publique"/> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-03 |title=Détournements au Secren et à l’Université : Les casseroles de la famille Ntsay |url=https://www.lagazette-dgi.com/p-62378.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=La Gazette de la Grande Ile |language=fr}}</ref> . == Fanamarihana sy referansa == {{Reflist}} == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * Lisitry ny vehivavy mpitarika politika {{Liens}}{{Palette|Premier ministre Madagascar}}{{portail|politique|Madagascar}} [[Sokajy:Praiminisitra malagasy]] n0824o08fmv1k0zhfw6mcconrzhc2b2 0 299779 1146917 1139333 2026-07-06T16:05:17Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1146917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Horne's Pandanus - Pandanus hornei.jpg|vignette|367x367px|''Pandanus hornei'']] Ny '''''Martellidendron''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Pandanaceae]]'', teratany ao [[Seisely]] sy eto [[Madagasikara]]. Mitovitovy amin' ny karazana ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Arecaceae]]'' ([[voanio]], [[Antrendry (zavamaniry)|antrendry]], sns) izy ireo, saingy tsy mifandray akaiky aminy. Napetrak' i Rodolfo Emilio Giuseppe Pichi-Sermolli ho fizaràna ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Pandanus]]'' tamin' ny taona 1951 ny ''Martellidendron'', avy eo dia lasa zanak' antoko tamin' ny taona 1974. Nasondrotra ho antoko izy io tamin' ny farany tamin' ny taona 2003 noho ny fandalinana filôjenetika izay nampiasa angon-drakitra momba ny [[Asidra dezôksiribôniokleika|ADN]] klôrôplastika. Ny anarana hoe ''Martellidendron'' dia avy amin' ny anaran' i Ugolino Martelli (1860-1934), bôtanista sy biôlôjista ary mikôlôjista italiana, miampy ny [[Fiteny grika|teny grika]] hoe ''dendron'' izay midika hoe "hazo". I Martin Wilhelm Callmander sy i Philippe Chassot no nanao ny famariparitana an' ilay ilay antoko ao amin' ny gazatiboky ''Taxon'' (vol.52, N° 4, ao amin' ny pejy 755-762 tamin' ny taona 2003. == Famariparitana == Diôika ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Martellidendron'', izany hoe eo amin' ny zavamaniry samy hafa no ahitana ny vony lahy sy vavy. Manana lahimbony maro (hatramin' ny 100) ny vony lahy izay mitombo sy manome [[vondrombony]] misy [[salohy]] voahodidin' ny [[brakte]] (ravina niova fiasa). Rehefa matoy ny vony vavy dia mitambatra ho lasa tamba-boa lavalava na boribory. Be nofony sady misy efitra roa ny voa tsirairay. == Lisitry ny karazana == Misy karazana enina ny ''Martellidendron'': * ''Martellidendron androcephalanthos'' <small>(Martelli) Callm. & Chassot</small> * ''Martellidendron cruciatum'' <small>(Pic.Serm.) Callm. & Chassot</small> * ''Martellidendron gallinarum'' <small>(Callm.) Callm.</small> * ''Martellidendron hornei'' <small>(Balf.f.) Callm. & Chassot</small> * ''Martellidendron karaka'' <small>(Martelli) Callm.</small> * ''Martellidendron kariangense'' <small>(Huynh) Callm.</small> === Karazana misy eto Madagasikara === * ''[[Martellidendron androcephalanthos]]'' <small>(Martelli) Callm. & Chassot</small> ← ''Pandanus androcephalanthos'' <small>Martelli</small> -- ''Pandanus nosibicus'' <small>Huynh</small> [faritra avaratra sy avaratra andrefana] * ''[[Martellidendron cruciatum]]'' <small>(Pic. Serm.) Callm. & Chassot</small> ← ''Pandanus cruciatus'' <small>Pic. Serm.</small> [faritra atsinanana]. * ''[[Martellidendron gallinarum]]'' <small>(Callm.) Callm.</small> ← ''Pandanus gallinarum'' <small>Callm.</small> [Tahirin-javaboarin' i Mananara-Avaratra] * ''[[Martellidendron karaka]]'' <small>(Martelli) Callm.</small> ← ''Pandanus karaka'' <small>Martelli</small> -- ''Martellidendron masoalense'' <small>(Laivao & Callm.) Callm. & Chassot</small> / ''Pandanus masoalensis'' <small>Laivao & Callm.</small> [faritra avaratra sy atsinanana, indrindra ao amin' ny Saikinosy Masoala] * ''[[Martellidendron kariangense]]'' <small>(Huynh) Callm.</small> ← ''Pandanus kariangensis'' <small>Huynh</small> [faritra atsinanana] == Jereo koa == * ''[[Pandanus]]'' * ''[[Benstonea]]'' == Jereo koa== [[Sokajy:ahitra]] [[Sokajy:Pandanaceae]] hb1tq6wx7e8hvxj5gqpgp8zk2m3szgi 0 300526 1146994 1142740 2026-07-07T09:19:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dep. Roberto Duarte.jpg|thumb|Dep. Roberto Duarte]] '''Roberto Duarte Júnior''' (teraka ny 25 Aprily 1975, tao [[Porto Alegre]]) dia [[mpisolovava]] sady [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]], mpikambana ao amin'ny antoko [[Republicanos (Brasil)|Repoblikana]]. Tamin'ny fifidianana isam-paritra tamin'ny taona 2022, voafidy ho mpikambana ao amin'ny Antenimieram-pirenena Federaly ho an'ny Antenimieram-pirenena faha-57 (2023–2027)<ref>(pt) [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/220588 Biographie au site de la Chambre des Deputés]</ref> sous l'étiquette du parti Republicanos, avec 14 522 voix<ref>(pt) [https://republicanos10.org.br/quem_e_quem/roberto-duarte/ Republicanos] {{Wayback|url=https://republicanos10.org.br/quem_e_quem/roberto-duarte/ |date=20260424100602 }}</ref>. teo ambany fanevan'ny antoko Repoblikana izy, nahazo vato 14.522. == Jereo koa == [[pt:Roberto Duarte Jr.]] {{CLEDETRI:Duarte, Roberto Jr}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Acre]] [[Sokajy:Republicanos (Brasil)]] [[Sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1975]] [[Sokajy:solombavambahoaka breziliana (Acre)]] jwrruub5beu2035of6o83qjokdfobsy 0 300896 1146965 1144882 2026-07-06T18:55:29Z Thelezifor 15140 1146965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Xerophyta retinervis00.jpg|vignette|''Xerophyta retinervis'']] Ny '''''Xerophyta''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]''. Nomen' i de Jussieu anarana tamin' ny 1789 izy io, izay teratany ao [[Afrika]] sy eto [[Madagasikara]] ary any amin' ny [[Saikanosin' i Arabia|Saikinosy Arabo]]. Mandritra ny fizaran-taona maina any amin' ny faritra lanana toetany maina dia very ny [[famaitso]] ary mitsahatra ny [[fôtôsentezy]] sy ny hatsembohana ao amin' ny karazana sasany. Noho izany dia tena mahazaka hamaina vokatry ny tsy fisian-drano sy ny hafanana izy ireo. Avy amin' izany ny anarana hoe "Xerophyta", izay avy amin' ny teny grika hoe ξηρός / ''xeros'' ("maina") sy φυτά / ''phutá'', filaza maron' ny φυτόν / ''phutón'' ("zavamaniry"). == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Xerophyta viscosa IMG 3053.JPG|vignette|310x310px|''Xerophyta viscosa'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antoko ''Xerophyta'': * ''Xerophyta acuminata'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta andringitrensis'' * ''Xerophyta arabica'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta argentea'' <small>(Wild) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta capillaris'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta concolor'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Xerophyta connata'' <small>McPherson & van der Werff</small> * ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta demeesmaekeriana'' <small>P.A.Duvign. & Dewit</small> * ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small> * ''Xerophyta elegans'' * ''Xerophyta equisetoides'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta eylesii'' <small>(Greves) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta goetzei'' <small>(Harms) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta hereroensis'' * ''Xerophyta humilis'' <small>(Baker) T.Durand & Schinz</small> * ''Xerophyta kirkii'' <small>(Hemsl.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta longicaulis'' <small>Hilliard</small> * ''Xerophyta monroi'' * ''Xerophyta nutans'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta pectinata'' * ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam. ex Poir.</small> * ''Xerophyta retinervis'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta rippsteinii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Xerophyta rosea'' * ''Xerophyta scabrida'' <small>(Pax) T.Durand & Schinz</small> * ''Xerophyta schlechteri'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta schnizleinia'' <small>(Hochst.) Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta seinei'' <small>Behnke</small> * ''Xerophyta sessiliflora'' * ''Xerophyta simulans'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta spekei'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta splendens'' <small>(Rendle) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta squarrosa'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta stenophylla'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta suaveolens'' <small>(Greves) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta trichophylla'' * ''[[Xerophyta tulearensis]]'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta velutina'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta villosa'' <small>(Baker) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta viscosa'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta wentzeliana'' * ''Xerophyta zambiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> === Napetraka ao teo aloha === Indreto ny karazana napetraka ao amin' ny antoko nefa nafindra ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' sy ''[[Nanuza]]'' ary ''[[Vellozia]]'': * ''Xerophyta'' ''abietina → Vellozia abietina'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''boliviensis → Barbaceniopsis boliviensis'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''cinerascens → Vellozia cinerascens'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''minima → Vellozia minima'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata → Nanuza plicata'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''pohliana → Vellozia minima'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''pulchra → Vellozia pulchra'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''sellowii → Vellozia sellowii'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''taxifolia → Vellozia taxifolia'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''tragacantha → Vellozia tragacantha'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''triquetra → Nanuza plicata'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''vargasiana → Barbaceniopsis vargasiana'' === Karazana misy eto Madagasikara === I [[Madagasikara]] dia ahitana karazana 25 eo ho eo ao amin' ny antoko ''Xerophyta''. Ny ankabeazan' ireo karazana fitsanganana amin' ny maty ireo dia tsy misy afa-tsy eto amin' ny Nosy ary manjanaka voalohany indrindra ny havoam-batolampy mitokana (''inselbergs'') na ny kirihitrala maina any atsimo. * ''Xerophyta analavelonensis'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta andringitrensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta ankaratrensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta boeniensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta brevifolia'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta capillaris'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta cauliflora'' <small>Behnke</small> * ''Xerophyta connata'' <small>McPherson & van der Werff</small> * ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- fanasandovia, hosaña, hosandahy, kisaka, maimbelona, maimbolena, rangimbato, tongolombato, tongotrakoho * ''Xerophyta decaryi'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small> -- hosaña * ''Xerophyta herrerae'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta hirtula'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta humblotii'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry.</small> * ''Xerophyta itremoensis'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry.</small> * ''Xerophyta leandrii'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta linearis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta marojejyensis'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta moramangensis'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta pectinata'' <small>Baker</small> * ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam. ex Poir.</small> -- hosambavy, hosaña * ''Xerophyta pseudopinifolia'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta serrata'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta sessiliflora'' <small>Baker</small> * ''[[Xerophyta tulearensis]]'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> (← ''Xerophyta dasyliroides'' var. ''tulearensis'' <small>H.Perrier</small>.) == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * [[Fanasandovia]]''':''' ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''[[Velloziaceae]]''); ''[[Luffa aegyptiaca]]'' <small>Mill.</small> (← ''Luffa cylindrica'' <small>(L.) M. Roem.</small>) (''[[Cucurbitaceae]]''); ''[[Solanum mauritianum]]'' <small>Scop.</small> (← ''Solanum auriculatum'' <small>Aiton</small>) (''[[Solanaceae]]''). * [[Hosaña]]: ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam.</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' H.<small>Perrier</small> (''[[Velloziaceae]]''). * [[Maimbelona]]: ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Myrothamnus moschatus]]'' <small>(Baill.) Baill.</small> (''[[Myrothamnaceae]]''). * [[Tongotrakoho]]: ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Boj.</small> (''[[Capparaceae]]''); ''[[Crateva greveana]]'' (''Capparaceae''); ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small> (''[[Convolvulaceae]]''); ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae'') b8qnwxz9snzvuwv38lo02kjq2uobw58 1146970 1146965 2026-07-06T19:36:53Z Thelezifor 15140 1146970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Xerophyta retinervis00.jpg|vignette|''Xerophyta retinervis'']] Ny '''''Xerophyta''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]''. Nomen' i de Jussieu anarana tamin' ny 1789 izy io, izay teratany ao [[Afrika]] sy eto [[Madagasikara]] ary any amin' ny [[Saikanosin' i Arabia|Saikinosy Arabo]]. Mandritra ny fizaran-taona maina any amin' ny faritra lanana toetany maina dia very ny [[famaitso]] ary mitsahatra ny [[fôtôsentezy]] sy ny hatsembohana ao amin' ny karazana sasany. Noho izany dia tena mahazaka hamaina vokatry ny tsy fisian-drano sy ny hafanana izy ireo. Avy amin' izany ny anarana hoe "Xerophyta", izay avy amin' ny teny grika hoe ξηρός / ''xeros'' ("maina") sy φυτά / ''phutá'', filaza maron' ny φυτόν / ''phutón'' ("zavamaniry"). == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Xerophyta viscosa IMG 3053.JPG|vignette|310x310px|''Xerophyta viscosa'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antoko ''Xerophyta'': * ''Xerophyta acuminata'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta andringitrensis'' * ''Xerophyta arabica'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta argentea'' <small>(Wild) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta capillaris'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta concolor'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Xerophyta connata'' <small>McPherson & van der Werff</small> * ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta demeesmaekeriana'' <small>P.A.Duvign. & Dewit</small> * ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small> * ''[[Xerophyta elegans]]'' <small>(Balf.) Baker.</small> (← → ''[[Talbotia|Talbotia elegans]]'' <small>Balf.</small>) * ''Xerophyta equisetoides'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta eylesii'' <small>(Greves) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta goetzei'' <small>(Harms) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta hereroensis'' * ''Xerophyta humilis'' <small>(Baker) T.Durand & Schinz</small> * ''Xerophyta kirkii'' <small>(Hemsl.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta longicaulis'' <small>Hilliard</small> * ''Xerophyta monroi'' * ''Xerophyta nutans'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta pectinata'' * ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam. ex Poir.</small> * ''Xerophyta retinervis'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta rippsteinii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Xerophyta rosea'' * ''Xerophyta scabrida'' <small>(Pax) T.Durand & Schinz</small> * ''Xerophyta schlechteri'' <small>(Baker) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta schnizleinia'' <small>(Hochst.) Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta seinei'' <small>Behnke</small> * ''Xerophyta sessiliflora'' * ''Xerophyta simulans'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta spekei'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta splendens'' <small>(Rendle) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta squarrosa'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta stenophylla'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta suaveolens'' <small>(Greves) N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Xerophyta trichophylla'' * ''[[Xerophyta tulearensis]]'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta velutina'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta villosa'' <small>(Baker) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Xerophyta viscosa'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta wentzeliana'' * ''Xerophyta zambiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> === Napetraka ao teo aloha === Indreto ny karazana napetraka ao amin' ny antoko nefa nafindra ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' sy ''[[Nanuza]]'' ary ''[[Vellozia]]'': * ''Xerophyta'' ''abietina → Vellozia abietina'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''boliviensis → Barbaceniopsis boliviensis'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''cinerascens → Vellozia cinerascens'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''minima → Vellozia minima'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata → Nanuza plicata'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''pohliana → Vellozia minima'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''pulchra → Vellozia pulchra'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''sellowii → Vellozia sellowii'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''taxifolia → Vellozia taxifolia'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''tragacantha → Vellozia tragacantha'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''triquetra → Nanuza plicata'' * ''Xerophyta'' ''vargasiana → Barbaceniopsis vargasiana'' === Karazana misy eto Madagasikara === I [[Madagasikara]] dia ahitana karazana 25 eo ho eo ao amin' ny antoko ''Xerophyta''. Ny ankabeazan' ireo karazana fitsanganana amin' ny maty ireo dia tsy misy afa-tsy eto amin' ny Nosy ary manjanaka voalohany indrindra ny havoam-batolampy mitokana (''inselbergs'') na ny kirihitrala maina any atsimo. * ''Xerophyta analavelonensis'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta andringitrensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta ankaratrensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta boeniensis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta brevifolia'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta capillaris'' <small>Baker</small> * ''Xerophyta cauliflora'' <small>Behnke</small> * ''Xerophyta connata'' <small>McPherson & van der Werff</small> * ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- fanasandovia, hosaña, hosandahy, kisaka, maimbelona, maimbolena, rangimbato, tongolombato, tongotrakoho * ''Xerophyta decaryi'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small> -- hosaña * ''Xerophyta herrerae'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta hirtula'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta humblotii'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry.</small> * ''Xerophyta itremoensis'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry.</small> * ''Xerophyta leandrii'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta linearis'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta marojejyensis'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta moramangensis'' <small>(Piesschaert) Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta pectinata'' <small>Baker</small> * ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam. ex Poir.</small> -- hosambavy, hosaña * ''Xerophyta pseudopinifolia'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta serrata'' <small>Phillipson & Lowry</small> * ''Xerophyta sessiliflora'' <small>Baker</small> * ''[[Xerophyta tulearensis]]'' <small>(H.Perrier) Phillipson & Lowry</small> (← ''Xerophyta dasyliroides'' var. ''tulearensis'' <small>H.Perrier</small>.) == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * [[Fanasandovia]]''':''' ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''[[Velloziaceae]]''); ''[[Luffa aegyptiaca]]'' <small>Mill.</small> (← ''Luffa cylindrica'' <small>(L.) M. Roem.</small>) (''[[Cucurbitaceae]]''); ''[[Solanum mauritianum]]'' <small>Scop.</small> (← ''Solanum auriculatum'' <small>Aiton</small>) (''[[Solanaceae]]''). * [[Hosaña]]: ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Xerophyta pinifolia]]'' <small>Lam.</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Xerophyta eglandulosa]]'' H.<small>Perrier</small> (''[[Velloziaceae]]''). * [[Maimbelona]]: ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae''); ''[[Myrothamnus moschatus]]'' <small>(Baill.) Baill.</small> (''[[Myrothamnaceae]]''). * [[Tongotrakoho]]: ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Boj.</small> (''[[Capparaceae]]''); ''[[Crateva greveana]]'' (''Capparaceae''); ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small> (''[[Convolvulaceae]]''); ''[[Xerophyta dasylirioides]]'' <small>Baker</small> (''Velloziaceae'') bh2fdgix5y3e2dwq5ng19emfd1m4q2q 0 301102 1146977 1146018 2026-07-07T00:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1146977 wikitext text/x-wiki Vehivavy manana fahasembanana izay azony teo amin'ny faha telo taonany. Maro ny olana nosedrainy teo amin'ny fiainany sainsy tsy nataony ho sakana amin'ny fivoarana izany. Nahita fianarana ambony izy, miasa ary manana vady aman-janaka . I Fela dia mpitolona hoan'ny zon'ny olona manana fahasembanana eto Madagasikara. Filohan'ny [http://www.csm-mada.mg/a-propos.html Centre Sembana mijoro] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csm-mada.mg/a-propos.html |date=20260520231503 }} ary filohan'ny [https://xoese.org/organisations/association-des-femmes-handicapees-de-madagascar/ "Association des Femmes Handicapées de Madagascar"(AFHM)] . Resilahatra izy fa mendrika ny tsara kokoa ny olona manana fahasembanana ary maro ny sehatra notarihiny mba hahatongavana amin'izany. Nahazo marimpakasitrahana [[:en:Ten_Outstanding_Young_Persons_of_the_World|TOYP(Ten Outstanding Toung Persons)]] izay natolotry ny [https://jcimada.org/ CJI] an'ireo tanora 10 mamiratra indrindra eran-tany i Fela ny taona 2012.Porofo velona izy fa natao hoan'ny rehetra izany, tsy ankanavaka, ny tolona hoan'ny fitovian-jo, hoan'ny tombontsoa iombonana. canysqqbaenyle1j3wus0j4buvdzbt7 0 301310 1146890 2026-07-06T15:16:11Z Thelezifor 15140 Foibem-pikarohana momba ny zavamaniry fanao fanafody 1146890 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga''', izay nantsoina taloha hoe '''Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées''' (IMRA) talohan' ny taona 2012, dia foibem-pikarohana tsy miankina, miasa ho an' ny daholobe, miorina ao [[Antananarivo]] eto [[Madagasikara]] momba ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny zavamaniry. Niorina tamin' ny taona 1957 nataon' ny profesora [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] malaza, ny vadiny [[Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga]] (biôsimista frantsay-malagasy) ary i [[Pierre Boiteau]] ( bôtanista frantsay), ity andrim-pikarohana ity dia mpisava lalana amin' ny fandalinana ny [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara|zavamaniry fanao fanafody eo an-toerana]] sy ny zavamananaina malagasy. == Asa tanterahin' ny IMRA == === Fikarohana sy fampandrosoana === Ity ivontoerana ity dia manana labôratoara enina manara-penitra izay miompana amin' ny [[biôteknôlôjia]]<nowiki/>n' ny zavamaniry, ny [[fitôsimia]], ny [[farmakôgnôsia]], ny [[farmakôlôjia]] fanandramana, ary ny fanombanana farmakô-klinika. Miezaka mampivady ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy ny siansa môderina izy mba hamolavola fanafody azon' ny vahoaka ampiasaina. Ny vola azo avy amin' ny "Madécassol", fanafody malaza manasitrana ratra novolavolain' ilay mpanorina avy amin' ny zavamaniry atao hoe [[Centella asiatica|talapetraka]] (''Centella asiatica''), no namatsy vola ny fananganana azy. === Famokarana sy fahasalamam-bahoaka === Manamboatra sy manondrana fanafody avy amin' ny zavamaniry, menakamanitra, ary vokatra fikarakarana hoditra sy fidiovana ny IMRA. Misy ny sampana momba ny fitsaboana izay misokatra ho an' ny daholobe ao, izay ahitana toeram-pitsaboana, laboratoara fitiliana, ary sampana mpamokatra sary ara-pitsaboana. Izy io dia miasa mpanampy ny fanjakana malagasy amin' ny fampiroboroboana ny fahasalamam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovana ny zavamananaina tsy manam-paharoa eto amin' ny Nosy. === Fanofanna mpianatra ambony === Mandray anjara mavitrika amin' ny fampiofanana ny mpianatra sy mpikaroka momba ny siansa sy ny fitsaboana, na eto an-toerana na avy any ivelany, ny IMRA. Mitazona ny sata maha mpikambana feno ao amin' ny [[Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie]] (AUF) azy izy. == Jereo koa == * [[Fitôterapia]] * [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara]] 1mporxzdkoeqwrey1icdf78h11zs2qf 1146891 1146890 2026-07-06T15:16:35Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées]] ho [[Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] i Thelezifor 1146890 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga''', izay nantsoina taloha hoe '''Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées''' (IMRA) talohan' ny taona 2012, dia foibem-pikarohana tsy miankina, miasa ho an' ny daholobe, miorina ao [[Antananarivo]] eto [[Madagasikara]] momba ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny zavamaniry. Niorina tamin' ny taona 1957 nataon' ny profesora [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] malaza, ny vadiny [[Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga]] (biôsimista frantsay-malagasy) ary i [[Pierre Boiteau]] ( bôtanista frantsay), ity andrim-pikarohana ity dia mpisava lalana amin' ny fandalinana ny [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara|zavamaniry fanao fanafody eo an-toerana]] sy ny zavamananaina malagasy. == Asa tanterahin' ny IMRA == === Fikarohana sy fampandrosoana === Ity ivontoerana ity dia manana labôratoara enina manara-penitra izay miompana amin' ny [[biôteknôlôjia]]<nowiki/>n' ny zavamaniry, ny [[fitôsimia]], ny [[farmakôgnôsia]], ny [[farmakôlôjia]] fanandramana, ary ny fanombanana farmakô-klinika. Miezaka mampivady ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy ny siansa môderina izy mba hamolavola fanafody azon' ny vahoaka ampiasaina. Ny vola azo avy amin' ny "Madécassol", fanafody malaza manasitrana ratra novolavolain' ilay mpanorina avy amin' ny zavamaniry atao hoe [[Centella asiatica|talapetraka]] (''Centella asiatica''), no namatsy vola ny fananganana azy. === Famokarana sy fahasalamam-bahoaka === Manamboatra sy manondrana fanafody avy amin' ny zavamaniry, menakamanitra, ary vokatra fikarakarana hoditra sy fidiovana ny IMRA. Misy ny sampana momba ny fitsaboana izay misokatra ho an' ny daholobe ao, izay ahitana toeram-pitsaboana, laboratoara fitiliana, ary sampana mpamokatra sary ara-pitsaboana. Izy io dia miasa mpanampy ny fanjakana malagasy amin' ny fampiroboroboana ny fahasalamam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovana ny zavamananaina tsy manam-paharoa eto amin' ny Nosy. === Fanofanna mpianatra ambony === Mandray anjara mavitrika amin' ny fampiofanana ny mpianatra sy mpikaroka momba ny siansa sy ny fitsaboana, na eto an-toerana na avy any ivelany, ny IMRA. Mitazona ny sata maha mpikambana feno ao amin' ny [[Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie]] (AUF) azy izy. == Jereo koa == * [[Fitôterapia]] * [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara]] 1mporxzdkoeqwrey1icdf78h11zs2qf 1146902 1146891 2026-07-06T15:35:45Z Thelezifor 15140 Rohy anatiny 1146902 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga''', izay nantsoina taloha hoe '''Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées''' (IMRA) talohan' ny taona 2012, dia foibem-pikarohana tsy miankina, miasa ho an' ny daholobe, miorina ao [[Antananarivo]] eto [[Madagasikara]] momba ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny zavamaniry. Niorina tamin' ny taona 1957 nataon' ny profesora [[Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] malaza, ny vadiny [[Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga]] (biôsimista frantsay-malagasy) ary i [[Pierre Boiteau]] ( bôtanista frantsay), ity andrim-pikarohana ity dia mpisava lalana amin' ny fandalinana ny [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara|zavamaniry fanao fanafody eo an-toerana]] sy ny zavamananaina malagasy. == Asa tanterahin' ny IMRA == === Fikarohana sy fampandrosoana === Ity ivontoerana ity dia manana labôratoara enina manara-penitra izay miompana amin' ny [[biôteknôlôjia]]<nowiki/>n' ny zavamaniry, ny [[fitôsimia]], ny [[farmakôgnôsia]], ny [[farmakôlôjia]] fanandramana, ary ny fanombanana farmakô-klinika. Miezaka mampivady ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy ny siansa môderina izy mba hamolavola fanafody azon' ny vahoaka ampiasaina. Ny vola azo avy amin' ny "Madécassol", fanafody malaza manasitrana ratra novolavolain' ilay mpanorina avy amin' ny zavamaniry atao hoe [[Centella asiatica|talapetraka]] (''Centella asiatica''), no namatsy vola ny fananganana azy. === Famokarana sy fahasalamam-bahoaka === Manamboatra sy manondrana fanafody avy amin' ny zavamaniry, menakamanitra, ary vokatra fikarakarana hoditra sy fidiovana ny IMRA. Misy ny sampana momba ny fitsaboana izay misokatra ho an' ny daholobe ao, izay ahitana toeram-pitsaboana, laboratoara fitiliana, ary sampana mpamokatra sary ara-pitsaboana. Izy io dia miasa mpanampy ny fanjakana malagasy amin' ny fampiroboroboana ny fahasalamam-bahoaka sy ny fiarovana ny zavamananaina tsy manam-paharoa eto amin' ny Nosy. === Fanofanna mpianatra ambony === Mandray anjara mavitrika amin' ny fampiofanana ny mpianatra sy mpikaroka momba ny siansa sy ny fitsaboana, na eto an-toerana na avy any ivelany, ny IMRA. Mitazona ny sata maha mpikambana feno ao amin' ny [[Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie]] (AUF) azy izy. == Jereo koa == * [[Fitôterapia]] * [[Zavamaniry fanao fanafody eto Madagasikara]] * [[Valan-javamaniry amam-bibin' i Tsimbazaza]] gnse0l5tcotculuiktpob2h3awwy1e7 0 301311 1146892 2026-07-06T15:16:35Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées]] ho [[Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] i Thelezifor 1146892 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto Ratsimamanga]] 9n31xgxbdrg8qpexel1tyrg6fqscb94 10 301312 1146893 2026-07-06T15:23:43Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Wisconsin | flag alias-1848 = US flag 30 stars.svg | flag alias-1851 = U.S. flag, 31 stars.svg | flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg | flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of the United States of America (1861-1863).svg | flag alias-1863 = U.S. flag (35 stars).svg | flag alias-1865 = U.S. flag, 36 stars.svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of Wisconsin (1866–1913).png | flag a... » 1146893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Wisconsin | flag alias-1848 = US flag 30 stars.svg | flag alias-1851 = U.S. flag, 31 stars.svg | flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg | flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of the United States of America (1861-1863).svg | flag alias-1863 = U.S. flag (35 stars).svg | flag alias-1865 = U.S. flag, 36 stars.svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of Wisconsin (1866–1913).png | flag alias-1913 = Flag of Wisconsin (1913–1981).svg | flag alias = Flag of Wisconsin.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1848 | var2 = 1851 | var3 = 1858 | var4 = 1859 | var5 = 1861 | var6 = 1863 | var7 = 1865 | var8 = 1866 | var9 = 1913 </noinclude> }} l7g49gpz5ea4ivvzm6c1lz6nxqb1wzm 10 301313 1146894 2026-07-06T15:24:58Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Michigan | flag alias = Flag of Michigan.svg | flag alias-1836 = Flag of the United States (1836–1837).svg | flag alias-1837 = Flag of Michigan (1837–1865, obverse).svg | flag alias-1838 = Flag of Michigan (1837–1865, reverse).svg | flag alias-1865 = Flag of Michigan (1865–1911, obverse).svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of Michigan (1865–1911, reverse).svg | flag alias-naval =Flag of the United... » 1146894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Michigan | flag alias = Flag of Michigan.svg | flag alias-1836 = Flag of the United States (1836–1837).svg | flag alias-1837 = Flag of Michigan (1837–1865, obverse).svg | flag alias-1838 = Flag of Michigan (1837–1865, reverse).svg | flag alias-1865 = Flag of Michigan (1865–1911, obverse).svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of Michigan (1865–1911, reverse).svg | flag alias-naval =Flag of the United States.svg | link alias-army = Michigan Army National Guard | link alias-air force = Michigan Air National Guard | link alias-military = Michigan National Guard | link alias-naval = Michigan Naval Militia | link alias-navy = Michigan Naval Militia | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1836 | var2 = 1837 | var3 = 1838 | var4 = 1865 | var5 = 1866 </noinclude> }} 6nxhfuooadusol41o45d5dy0zthayq0 10 301314 1146896 2026-07-06T15:27:11Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = North Carolina | flag alias = Flag of North Carolina.svg | flag alias-1861 = Flag of North Carolina (1861–1865).svg | flag alias-1885 = Flag of North Carolina (1885–1991).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1861 | var2 = 1885 </noinclude> }} » 1146896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ 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Flag of Arkansas (1924–2011).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1836 | var2 = 1837 | var3 = 1845 | var4 = 1846 | var5 = 1847 | var6 = 1848 | var7 = 1851 | var8 = 1858 | var9 = 1859 | var10 = 1861 | var11 = 1863 | var12 = 1865 | var13 = 1867 | var14 = 1877 | var15 = 1890 | var16 = 1891 | var17 = 1896 | var18 = 1908 | var19 = 1912 | var20 = 1913 | var21 = 1923 | var22 = 1924 </noinclude> }} amh5kmrlneakklr8uu2sa7tpfoagzk0 10 301316 1146898 2026-07-06T15:30:25Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Indiana | flag alias = Flag of Indiana.svg | flag alias-1899=Flag of Indiana (1899–1917).png | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1899 </noinclude> | related1 = United States }} » 1146898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Indiana | flag alias = Flag of Indiana.svg | flag alias-1899=Flag of Indiana (1899–1917).png | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1899 </noinclude> | related1 = United States }} r2i4iabh901qa6xm6d5j7d8csbpx4qf 10 301317 1146899 2026-07-06T15:31:19Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kansas | flag alias = Flag of Kansas.svg | flag alias-1927 = Flag of Kansas (1927-1961).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1927 </noinclude> }} » 1146899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kansas | flag alias = Flag of Kansas.svg | flag alias-1927 = Flag of Kansas (1927-1961).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 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2026-07-06T15:40:27Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Utah | flag alias = Flag of Utah.svg | flag alias-1850 = US flag 30 stars.svg | flag alias-1851 = U.S. flag, 31 stars.svg | flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg | flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg | flag alias-1861 = US flag 34 stars.svg | flag alias-1863 = US flag 35 stars.svg | flag alias-1865 = US flag 36 stars.svg | flag alias-1867 = US flag 37 stars.svg | flag alias-1877 = US flag 38 star... » 1146904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Utah | flag alias = Flag of Utah.svg | flag alias-1850 = US flag 30 stars.svg | flag alias-1851 = U.S. flag, 31 stars.svg | flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg | flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg | flag alias-1861 = US flag 34 stars.svg | flag alias-1863 = US flag 35 stars.svg | flag alias-1865 = US flag 36 stars.svg | flag alias-1867 = US flag 37 stars.svg | 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--><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> i9xc9k4jccuxxngqaat30q6lw5x49kn 10 301323 1146907 2026-07-06T15:53:01Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{#if:{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}|{{plainlist}}<!-- Previous legal-status kept both for backwards compatibility —most articles currently use this —... » 1146907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}|{{plainlist}}<!-- Previous legal-status kept both for backwards compatibility —most articles currently use this — and for future appends free-text to country-specified categorisations.--><!-- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- AU ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_AU_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|AU|Australia|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_AU|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | s2 | schedule 2 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 2|S2]] (Pharmacy medicine) | s3 | schedule 3 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 3|S3]] (Pharmacist only) | s4 | schedule 4 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 4|S4]] (Prescription only) | s5 | schedule 5 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 5|S5]] (Caution) | s6 | schedule 6 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 6|S6]] (Poison) | s7 | schedule 7 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 7|S7]] (Dangerous drug) | s8 | schedule 8 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 8|S8]] (Controlled drug) | s9 | schedule 9 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 9|S9]] (Prohibited substance) | s10 | schedule 10 = [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons#Schedule 10|S10]] (Dangerous substance) | #default = {{{legal_AU|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|A]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_AU_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- BR ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|BR|Brazil|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_BR|}}}}} |unscheduled = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act|Unscheduled]] |otc|over the counter|OTC = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#OTC|OTC]] (Over the counter) |a1|class a1 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class A1|Class A1]] (Narcotic drugs) |a2|class a2 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class A2|Class A2]] (Narcotic drugs) |a3|class a3 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class A3|Class A3]] (Psychoactive drugs) |b1|class b1 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class B1|Class B1]] (Psychoactive drugs) |b2|class b2 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class B2|Class B2]] (Anorectic drugs) |c1|class c1 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class C1|Class C1]] (Other controlled substances) |c2|class c2 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class C2|Class C2]] (Retinoids) |c3|class c3 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class C3|Class C3]] (Immunosuppressive drugs) |c4|class c4 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class C4|Class C4]] (Antiretroviral drugs) |c5|class c5 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class C5|Class C5]] (Anabolic steroids) |d1|class d1 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class D1|Class D1]] (Drug precursors) |d2|class d2 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class D2|Class D2]] (Drug precursors) |e|class e = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class E|Class E]] (Controlled plants) |f|class f = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class F|Class F]] (Prohibited substances) |f1|class f1 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class F1|Class F1]] (Prohibited narcotics) |f2|class f2 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class F2|Class F2]] (Prohibited psychotropics) |f3|class f3 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class F3|Class F3]] (Prohibited drug precursors) |f4|class f4 = [[Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act#Class F4|Class F4]] (Other prohibited substances) | #default = {{{legal_BR|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|BR]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_BR_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- CA ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|CA|Canada|class=country-name}}</small>:&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_CA|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | otc = [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] | ℞-only | rx-only | ℞ only | rx only | ℞ | rx = [[Prescription drug| ℞-only]] | schedule i = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_I|Schedule I]] | schedule ii = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_II|Schedule II]] | schedule iii = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_III|Schedule III]] | schedule iv = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_IV|Schedule IV]] | schedule v = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_V|Schedule V]] | schedule vi = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_VI_(Precursors)|Schedule VI]] | schedule vii = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_VII|Schedule VII]] | schedule viii = [[Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_VIII|Schedule VIII]] | #default = {{{legal_CA|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|C]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_CA_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- DE ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|DE|Germany|class=country-name}}</small>:&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{legal_DE|}}}|pattern=%s|replace=|plain=false}}}} | anlagei = [[Drugs controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act#Anlage I|Anlage I]] (Authorized scientific use only) | anlageii = [[Drugs controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act#Anlage II|Anlage II]] (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) | anlageiii = [[Drugs controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act#Anlage III|Anlage III]] (Special prescription form required) | verschreibungspflichtig | rezeptpflichtig | anlage1 | anlage2 | amvv | §1mpav | §1 | 48 | §48amg | §48 | rx-only | rxonly | rx | ℞ | ℞-only | ℞only = § 48 [[List of German drug laws#AMG|AMG]]/§ 1 [[List of German drug laws#MPAV|MPAV]] (Prescription only) | rx-only/anlageiii = Prescription only ([[Drugs controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act#Anlage III|Anlage III]] for higher doses) | apothekenpflichtig | §2mpav | §2 | 43 | §43amg | §43 | 46 | §46amg | §46 | anlage1b | anlage3 | anlage4 = § 43, 46 [[List of German drug laws#AMG|AMG]]/§ 2 [[List of German drug laws#MPAV|MPAV]] (Pharmacy only) | nichtapothekenpflichtig | freiverkäuflich | anlage1a | anlage1c | anlage1d | anlage1e | anlage2a | anlage2b | anlage2c | 44 | §44amg | §44 | 45 | §45amg | §45 = § 44, 45 [[List of German drug laws#AMG|AMG]] (General sales list) | neuerpsychoaktiverstoff | anlage | npsg = [[List of German drug laws#NpGS|NpSG]] (Industrial and scientific use only) | kategorie1 = [[List of German drug laws#GÜG|Kategorie 1]] raw material (Authorization required) | kategorie2 = [[List of German drug laws#GÜG|Kategorie 2]] raw material (Reporting required) | kategorie3 = [[List of German drug laws#GÜG|Kategorie 3]] raw material (Export restrictions) | #default = {{{legal_DE|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|D]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_DE_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- NZ ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|NZ|New Zealand|class=country-name}}</small>:&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_NZ|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | otc = [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] | class a = [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1975#Class A|Class A]] | class b = [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1975#Class B|Class B]] | class c = [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1975#Class C|Class C]] | fourth schedule = [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1975#Fourth Schedule|Fourth Schedule]] | temporary | temporary class = [[Temporary class drug|Temporary Class]] | #default = {{{legal_NZ|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|Z]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- UK ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|UK|United Kingdom|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_UK|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | psa | psychoactive substances act | psychoactive substances | psychoactive substance = Under [[Psychoactive Substances Act 2016|Psychoactive Substances Act]] | gsl | general sales list = [[General sales list]] (GSL, OTC) | p | pharmacy | pharmacy medicines = P ([[Pharmacy medicines]]) | pom | prescription-only | prescription only | prescription only medicine | prescription only medicines = [[Prescription drug|POM]] (Prescription only) | cd = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] | cd lic = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] Lic | cd pom = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] POM | cd no reg pom = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] No Reg POM | cd (anab) pom = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] (Anab) POM | cd (benz) pom = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] (Benz) POM | cd inv pom = [[Controlled Drug in United Kingdom|Controlled Drug]] Inv POM | class a = [[Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_A_drugs|Class A]] | class b = [[Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_B_drugs|Class B]] | class c = [[Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_C_drugs|Class C]] | temporary | temporary class = [[Temporary class drug|Temporary Class]] | #default = {{{legal_UK|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|K]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_UK_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- US ----- US ----- US ----- US ----- US ----- US ----- US ----- US ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|US|United States|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_US|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | otc = [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] | ℞ | rx | ℞-only | rx-only | ℞ only | rx only = [[Prescription drug |℞-only]] | schedule i = [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_drugs|Schedule I]] | schedule ii = [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_drugs|Schedule II]] | schedule iii = [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_III_drugs|Schedule III]] | schedule iv = [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_IV_drugs|Schedule IV]] | schedule v = [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_V_drugs|Schedule V]] | list i = [[DEA list of chemicals#List I chemicals|List&nbsp;I]] (a&nbsp;precursor) | list ii = [[DEA list of chemicals#List II chemicals|List&nbsp;II]] (a&nbsp;precursor) | list i otc = [[DEA list of chemicals#List I chemicals|List&nbsp;I]] [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] (a&nbsp;precursor) | list ii otc = [[DEA list of chemicals#List II chemicals|List&nbsp;II]] [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] (a&nbsp;precursor) | list i ℞-only | list i rx-only | list i ℞ | list i rx = [[DEA list of chemicals#List I chemicals|List I]] [[Prescription drug|℞-only]] | list ii ℞-only | list ii rx-only | list ii ℞ only | list ii rx only | list ii ℞ | list ii rx = [[DEA list of chemicals#List II chemicals|List II]] [[Prescription drug|℞-only]] | list i cmea otc = [[DEA list of chemicals#List I chemicals|List I]] [[Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005|CMEA]] [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] | list i cmea = [[DEA list of chemicals#List I chemicals|List I]] [[Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005|CMEA]] | ssl = [[DEA list of chemicals#Special Surveillance List|Special Surveillance List]] | ssl otc = [[DEA list of chemicals#Special Surveillance List|Special Surveillance List]] [[Over-the-counter drug|OTC]] | ssl ℞-only | ssl rx-only | ssl ℞ only | ssl rx only | ssl rx | ssl ℞ = [[DEA list of chemicals#Special Surveillance List|Special Surveillance List]] [[Prescription drug|℞-only]] | ind | investigational | investigational new drug = [[Investigational New Drug]] | analogue | analoge = [[Federal Analogue Act|Analogue]] to a [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances|Schedule&nbsp;I/II]] drug | #default = {{{legal_US|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|S]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_US_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- UN ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|UN|United Nations|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_UN|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | n i | narcotic schedule i = [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs#List of controlled narcotic drugs|Narcotic Schedule&nbsp;I]] | n ii | narcotic schedule ii = [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs#List of controlled narcotic drugs|Narcotic Schedule&nbsp;II]] | n i iii | narcotic schedules i and iii = [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs#List of controlled narcotic drugs|Narcotic Schedules&nbsp;I and&nbsp;III]] | n ii iii | narcotic schedules ii and iii = [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs#List of controlled narcotic drugs|Narcotic Schedules II and&nbsp;III]] | n i iv | narcotic schedules i and iv = [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs#List of controlled narcotic drugs|Narcotic Schedules I and&nbsp;IV]] | p i | psychotropic schedule i = [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Schedule I|Psychotropic Schedule&nbsp;I]] | p ii | psychotropic schedule ii = [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Schedule II|Psychotropic Schedule&nbsp;II]] | p iii | psychotropic schedule iii = [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Schedule III|Psychotropic Schedule&nbsp;III]] | p iv | psychotropic schedule iv = [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Schedule IV|Psychotropic Schedule&nbsp;IV]] | pre i | precursor table i | precursors table i = [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances#Table I|Precursors Table&nbsp;I]] | pre ii | precursor table ii | precursors table ii = [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances#Table II|Precursors Table&nbsp;II]] | #default = {{{legal_UN|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|N]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_UN_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- EU ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}} | * <small>{{abbr|EU|European Union|class=country-name}}:</small>&#x20;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_EU|}}}}} | unscheduled = Unscheduled | designer drug | recommended for scheduling = [[European Council decisions on designer drugs|Recommended for scheduling]] | category 1 precursor = [[European law on drug precursors#Category 1 Precursors|Category 1 Precursor]] | category 2 precursor = [[European law on drug precursors#Category 2 Precursors|Category 2 Precursor]] | category 3 precursor = [[European law on drug precursors#Category 3 Precursors|Category 3 Precursor]] | #default = {{{legal_EU|}}}{{main other |[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|E]]}} }}{{Infobox_drug/non-ref-space |s={{{legal_EU_comment|}}}}}}}<!-- general ----- general ----- general ----- general ----- general ----- general ----- -->{{#if:{{{legal_status|}}} | * {{#switch:{{lc:{{{legal_status|}}}}} |=<!-- blank so skip --> | ℞ | rx | ℞-only | rx-only | ℞ only | rx only | prescription only = In&nbsp;general: ℞&nbsp;(Prescription only){{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|*]]|2=}}<!-- see talk Feb 2017 --> | otc = In&nbsp;general: [[Over-the-counter drug|Over-the-counter]] (OTC){{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|*]]<!-- sort also under *. For now, Feb 2017 -->|2=}} | unscheduled | uncontrolled | legal | non-regulated = In&nbsp;general: {{lc:{{{legal_status|}}}}}{{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|*]]<!-- could be a US rule that should be specified _US then. Sort also under *. Feb 2017. -->|2=}} | investigative | investigational = {{{legal_status|}}}{{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|*]]<!-- could be a US IND (Investigational New Drug). Sort also under *. Feb 2017 -->|2=}} | vet only | veterinary | veterinary use only | veterinary only | veterinary prescription only = Veterinary use only{{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status|*]]|2=}}<!-- Feb 2017 --> | #default = {{{legal_status}}}{{main other |1=[[Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status| ]]<!-- has input. categorise & sort in top -->|2=}} }} }}<!-- -->{{endplainlist}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> q5yuwkq4irpbwllo7j94ln74q2cdyhu 10 301324 1146908 2026-07-06T15:54:32Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <includeonly>{{#invoke:Respell|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> » 1146908 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Respell|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 10gg5a0ckpnnxl2bu05fvyimn0kc69u 828 301325 1146909 2026-07-06T15:57:23Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « local p = {} function p._main(args) local ret = {} for i, v in ipairs(args) do v = mw.text.trim(v) -- Compatibility: Ignore arguments that only contain an apostrophe if v ~= '' and v ~= "'" then if ret[#ret] and not (ret[#ret]:find('_') or ret[#ret]:find('%-%)?$')) and not (v:find('_') or v:find('^%(?%-')) then table.insert(ret, '-') end if v:find('^[%u%(%)]+$') then v = '<span style="font-size:90%">' .. v .. '</span>' e... » 1146909 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p._main(args) local ret = {} for i, v in ipairs(args) do v = mw.text.trim(v) -- Compatibility: Ignore arguments that only contain an apostrophe if v ~= '' and v ~= "'" then if ret[#ret] and not (ret[#ret]:find('_') or ret[#ret]:find('%-%)?$')) and not (v:find('_') or v:find('^%(?%-')) then table.insert(ret, '-') end if v:find('^[%u%(%)]+$') then v = '<span style="font-size:90%">' .. v .. '</span>' end table.insert(ret, v) end end ret = '<i title="English pronunciation respelling">' .. table.concat(ret):gsub('_', ' ') -- Avoid dangling hyphens :gsub(' %-', ' -&#8288;') :gsub('^%-', '-&#8288;') .. '</i>' if args.link ~= 'no' then ret = '[[Aide:Clés de prononciation|' .. ret ..']]' end return ret end function p.main(frame) return p._main(frame:getParent().args) end return p h86wtsg9hs9gvs8dpd2exyh0ztnz0f6 10 301326 1146912 2026-07-06T16:00:02Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <includeonly>{{Infobox/Début}} {{Infobox/Titre |{{{nom|{{{nom générique|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}} |6ABF84 |medecine |000000 }} {{Infobox/Image|{{{image|}}}||{{#if:{{{taille image|}}}|{{{taille image|}}}|160}}||||Médicament|class={{{classe image|}}}}} {{Infobox/Image optionnelle|{{{image2|}}}|{{{image2|}}}|{{{légende|}}}|{{#if:{{{taille image2|}}}|{{{taille image2|}}}|160}}|{{{alternative|}}}|||class={{{classe image2|}}}}} <!-- *** Informations générales **... » 1146912 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox/Début}} {{Infobox/Titre |{{{nom|{{{nom générique|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}} |6ABF84 |medecine |000000 }} {{Infobox/Image|{{{image|}}}||{{#if:{{{taille image|}}}|{{{taille image|}}}|160}}||||Médicament|class={{{classe image|}}}}} {{Infobox/Image optionnelle|{{{image2|}}}|{{{image2|}}}|{{{légende|}}}|{{#if:{{{taille image2|}}}|{{{taille image2|}}}|160}}|{{{alternative|}}}|||class={{{classe image2|}}}}} <!-- *** Informations générales *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | Informations générales | {{{sels|}}}{{{Apparence|}}}{{{dosage|}}}{{{forme|}}}{{{administration|{{{voieAdministration|}}}}}}{{{noms commerciaux|}}}{{{autresNoms|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Médicament|Princeps]] |{{{noms commerciaux|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Autres dénominations | {{{autresNoms|}}} | <nowiki/><!-- Balise pour permettre les listes à puce --> {{{autresNoms|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Classe pharmacologique|Classe]] |{{{classe|{{{classeTherapeutique|}}}}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Forme galénique|Forme]] |{{{forme|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Voie d'administration|Administration]] |{{{administration|{{{voieAdministration|}}}}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Dosage]] |{{{dosage|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Sel (chimie)|Sels]] |{{{sels|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |Apparence |{{{Apparence|}}} }} <!-- *** Commercialisation *** --> {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Laboratoire pharmaceutique|Laboratoire]] |{{{laboratoire|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Générique|Laboratoire génériques]] |{{{laboratoire génériques|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Brevet]] |{{{brevet|}}} }} <!-- *** Statut légal *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | Statut légal | {{{statut|}}}{{{remboursement|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Médicament#En_France|Statut légal]] |{{{statut|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Ticket modérateur|Remboursement]] |{{{remboursement|}}} }} <!-- *** Données pharmacocinétiques *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | [[Pharmacocinétique|Données pharmacocinétiques]] | {{{biodisponibilite|}}}{{{liaisonProteique|}}}{{{metabolisme|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{demiVieDistrib|}}}{{{demiVieElim|}}}{{{stockage|}}}{{{excretion|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Biodisponibilité (médecine)|Biodisponibilité]] | {{{biodisponibilite|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Liaison protéique | {{{liaisonProteique|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Métabolisme]] | {{{metabolisme|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Métabolite|Métabolite(s)]] | {{{metabolites|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Demi-vie|Demi-vie de {{abrd|distrib.|distribution}}]] | {{{demiVieDistrib|}}} | <nowiki/><!-- Balise pour permettre les listes à puce --> {{{demiVieDistrib|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Demi-vie|Demi-vie d’{{abrd|élim.|élimination}}]] | {{{demiVieElim|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Stockage]] | {{{stockage|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Excrétion]] | {{{excretion|}}} | <nowiki/><!-- Balise pour permettre les listes à puce --> {{{excretion|}}} }} <!-- *** Considérations thérapeutiques *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | Considérations thérapeutiques | {{{grossesse|}}}{{{conduiteAuto|}}}{{{precautions|}}}{{{antidote|}}}{{{allaitement|}}}{{{categoriePsycho|}}}{{{modeConsommation|}}}{{{risqueDependance|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Médicaments et grossesse|Grossesse]] | {{{grossesse|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Allaitement maternel|Allaitement]] | {{{allaitement|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Prévention et sécurité routières|Conduite automobile]] | {{{conduiteAuto|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Précautions | {{{precautions|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Antidote]] | {{{antidote|}}} }} <!-- *** Propriétés de psychotrope *** --> {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Classification des psychotropes|Catégorie]] | {{{categoriePsycho|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Mode de consommation | {{{modeConsommation|}}}<!-- Doublon de administration / voieAdministration ou parfois nécessaire ? --> | <nowiki/><!-- Balise pour permettre les listes à puce --> {{{modeConsommation|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Risque de dépendance | {{{risqueDependance|}}} }} <!-- *** Données Physico-chimiques *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | Données physico-chimiques | {{{formule brute|}}}{{{chiralité|}}}{{{masse|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Formule brute]] |{{{formule brute|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |[[Chiralité]] |{{{chiralité|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |Masse molaire |{{{masse|}}} }} <!-- *** Identification *** --> {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | Identification | {{Wikidata|P3350|{{{DCI|}}}}}{{{nomIUPAC|}}}{{{nomSystematique|}}}{{{synonymes|}}}{{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}}{{{EINECS|}}}{{{RTECS|}}}{{Wikidata|P267|{{{ATC|}}}}}{{Wikidata|P715|{{{DrugBank|}}}}}{{{PubChem|}}}{{{chEBI|}}}{{{NrE|}}}{{{FEMA|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{InChI|}}}{{{InChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{apparence|}}} | 6ABF84 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Dénomination commune internationale|DCI]] | {{Wikidata|P3350|{{{DCI|}}}|linkback=true}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Nomenclature de l'UICPA|Nom UICPA]] | {{{nomIUPAC|}}} | <small>{{{nomIUPAC|}}}</small> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Nom systématique | {{{nomSystematique|}}} | <small>{{{nomSystematique|}}}</small> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Synonymie|Synonymes]] | {{{synonymes|}}} | <nowiki/><!-- Balise pour permettre les listes à puce --> {{{synonymes|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Numéro CAS|N^o CAS]] | {{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}} | 3={{#iferror:{{#expr:{{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}}}}|{{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}}|<span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive">[//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas={{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}}&language=fr&title={{anchorencode:{{PAGENAME}}}} {{Wikidata|P231|{{{CAS|}}}}}] {{Linkback|P231}}</span></span>}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle avec Wikidata par défaut | N^o [[Agence européenne des produits chimiques|ECHA]] | {{{ECHA|}}} | 3={{#iferror: {{#expr:{{{ECHA|}}}}} | {{{ECHA|}}} | <span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive">[http://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/{{{ECHA|}}} {{{ECHA|}}}]</span></span>}} | 4=P2566 | 5=<span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive">[http://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/{{#property:P2566}} {{#property:P2566}}]</span></span> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Numéro CE|N^o CE]] | {{{EINECS|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Numéro RTECS|N^o RTECS]] | {{{RTECS|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Classification ATC|Code ATC]] | {{Wikidata|P267|{{{ATC|}}}}} | <!-- 3=[[Classe ATC {{#invoke:String|sub|{{Wikidata|P267|{{{ATC|}}}}}|1|3}}|{{Wikidata|P267|{{{ATC|}}}}}]] (<span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code={{Wikidata|P267|{{{ATC|}}}}} OMS]</span></span>) --> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | DrugBank | {{Wikidata|P715|{{{DrugBank|}}}}} | 3=<span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive">[http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB{{Wikidata|P715|{{{DrugBank|}}}}} {{Wikidata|P715|{{{DrugBank|}}}}}] {{Linkback|P715}}</span></span> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[PubChem]] | {{{PubChem|}}} | 3={{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{PubChem|}}}}}|{{{PubChem|}}}|<span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand">[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid={{{PubChem|}}} {{{PubChem|}}}]</span>}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | ChEBI | {{{chEBI|}}} | 3={{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{chEBI|}}}}}|{{{chEBI|}}}|<span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive">[http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId={{{chEBI|}}} {{{chEBI|}}}]</span></span>}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Liste des additifs alimentaires|N^o E]] | {{{NrE|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | 1=[[GRAS|<span title="Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association">FEMA</span>]] | 2={{{FEMA|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification|SMILES]] | {{{SMILES|}}} | 3=<div class="NavFrame" title="[Afficher]/[Masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;">{{{SMILES|}}} <br /><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand">[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?smarts={{urlencode:{{{SMILES|}}}}} PubChem]</span>, <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand">[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title={{urlencode:{{{nom|}}}}}&model={{urlencode:{{{SMILES|}}}}} vue 3D]</span></div></div> }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] | {{{InChI|}}}{{{InChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} | 3=<div class="NavFrame" title="[Afficher]/[Masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{InChI|}}}|'''InChI :''' <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand">[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title={{urlencode:{{{nom|}}}}}&model={{urlencode:InChI={{{InChI|}}}}} vue 3D]</span> <br />InChI&#61;{{{InChI|}}} <br />|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{InChIKey|}}}|'''InChIKey :''' <br />{{{InChIKey|}}} <br />|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}|'''Std. InChI :''' <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand">[http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title={{urlencode:{{{nom|}}}}}&model={{urlencode:InChI={{{StdInChI|}}}}} vue 3D]</span> <br />InChI&#61;{{{StdInChI|}}} <br />|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|'''Std. InChIKey :''' <br />{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|}}<!-- --></div></div> }} {{Infobox/Notice|Infobox Médicament|6ABF84}} {{Infobox/Fin}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 92ssrelsi548iw8grpmi2cfi3xifafi 1146913 1146912 2026-07-06T16:00:56Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 1146913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{short description|Pharmaceutical compound|noreplace}}}} <templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css"/> {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing:2px; | headerstyle = background:#ddd;color:inherit; | labelstyle = line-height:1.2em; | autoheaders = yes<!-- INFOBOX TITLE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | title = {{Infobox drug/title |title={{#if:{{{drug_name|}}} |{{{drug_name}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} |INN={{{INN|}}} }}<!-- IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|class={{#if:{{{image_class|}}}|{{{image_class}}}|dark_mode_safe}} |alt={{{alt|}}}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|class={{#if:{{{image_class2|}}}|{{{image_class2}}}|dark_mode_safe}} |alt={{{alt2|}}}}} <!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --> | caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | caption2={{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|<table style="width:100%; margin:0;"><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|upright=0.5|class={{#if:{{{image_classL|}}}|{{{image_classL}}}|dark_mode_safe}}|alt={{{altL|}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|upright=0.5|class={{#if:{{{image_classR|}}}|{{{image_classR}}}|dark_mode_safe}}|alt={{{altR|}}}}}</td> </tr></table>}} | caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}<!-- TYPEHEADER=VACC/COMBO/MAB/SINGLE --> | header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine = [[Vaccine|Vaccine description]] | combo = Combination of | mab = [[Monoclonal antibody]] | #default =<!-- no header when type=blank (single chemical) --> }}<!-- TYPE VACCINE: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=vaccine then show vaccine details --> | label5 = Target<!-- reuse of parameter 'target'; see vacc/mab --> | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#if:{{{target|}}} |{{{target}}} |<!-- cat -->}} }} | label6 = [[Vaccine#Types|Vaccine type]] | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{vaccine_type|}}}}} |inactivated |killed = [[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated]] |attenuated = [[Attenuated vaccine|Attenuated]] |live = Live bacteria |viral = [[Viral vector vaccine|Viral vector]] |toxoid = [[Toxoid]] |subunit = [[Subunit vaccine|Subunit]] |protein |protein subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Protein subunit|Protein subunit]] |peptide |peptide subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Peptide subunit|Peptide subunit]] |polysaccharide = [[Subunit vaccine#Polysaccharide subunit|Polysaccharide]] |vlp = [[Subunit vaccine#Virus-like particles|Virus-like particles]] |conjugate = [[Conjugate vaccine|Conjugate]] |recombinant = [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant vector]] |dna = [[DNA vaccine|DNA]] |rna = [[RNA vaccine|RNA]] |mrna = [[mRNA vaccine|mRNA]] |heterologous = [[Heterologous vaccine|Heterologous]] |#default={{{vaccine_type|}}} }} }}<!-- freetext, shows unedited --><!-- TYPE MAB: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=mab then show monoclonal antibody details --> | label10 = [[:File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg|Type]] | data10 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{mab_type|}}}}} | mab = Whole antibody | fab = [[Fab fragment]] | f(ab')2 = [[Fragment antigen-binding|F(ab')₂ fragment]] | fab' = [[Fab' fragment]] | scfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment]] | discfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment|Di-single-chain variable fragment]] | sdab = [[Single domain antibody]] | 3funct = [[Trifunctional antibody]] | clfab = [[Chemically linked Fab]] | bite = [[Bi-specific T-cell engager]] | #default=? }} }} | label11 = [[Monoclonal antibody#Production|Source]] | data11 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{Infobox drug/mab source |_mab_source={{{source|}}} }}}}<!-- mab_source == internal only --> | label12 = [[Antigen|Target]] | data12 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{{target|}}} }}<!-- alternate use of target; see vacc --><!-- TYPE COMBO: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- if type=combo show its components (#2 obligatory, 3-6 optional) --> | label15 = {{#if:{{{component1|}}}|[[{{{component1}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data15 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class1|? Class}}} }} | label16 = {{#if:{{{component2|}}}|[[{{{component2}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data16 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class2|? Class}}} }} | label17 = [[{{{component3}}}]] | data17 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component3|}}}|{{{class3|}}}}} | {{{class3|? Class}}} }} }} | label18 = [[{{{component4}}}]] | data18 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component4|}}}|{{{class4|}}}}} | {{{class4|? Class}}} }} }} | label19 = [[{{{component5}}}]] | data19 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component5|}}}|{{{class5|}}}}} | {{{class5|? Class}}} }} }} | label20 = [[{{{component6}}}]] | data20 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component6|}}}|{{{class6|}}}}} | {{{class6|? Class}}} }} }} <!-- TYPE: GENE THERAPY ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (no need to set type=... any parmeter input will show the section) --> |header21= [[Gene therapy]] |label22 = [[Gene targeting|Target gene]] | data22 = {{{gt_target_gene|}}} |label23 = [[Vectors in gene therapy|Vector]] | data23 = {{{gt_vector|}}} |label24 = [[Nucleic acid|Nucleic acid type]] | data24 = {{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}} |label25 = [[Genome editing|Editing method]] | data25 = {{{gt_editing_method|}}} |label26 = [[Gene delivery|Delivery method]] | data26 = {{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- CLINICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30 = Clinical data | label31 = Pronunciation | data31 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_comment|}}} |{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_ref|}}}&#x20;{{{pronounce_comment|}}} }} | label32 = [[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Trade name]]s | data32 = {{{tradename|}}} | label33 = Other names | data33 = {{#if:{{{AAN|}}}{{{BAN|}}}{{{JAN|}}}{{{USAN|}}} |{{Infobox drug/localINNvariants |synonyms={{{synonyms|}}} |AAN={{{AAN|}}} |BAN={{{BAN|}}} |JAN={{{JAN|}}} |USAN={{{USAN|}}} }} |{{{synonyms|}}} }} | label34 = [[Biosimilar]]s | data34 = {{{biosimilars|}}} | label35 = [[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | data35 = {{{Drugs.com|}}} | label36 = [[MedlinePlus]] | data36 = {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|}}} | <span title="medlineplus.gov">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.html {{{MedlinePlus}}}]</span>}} | label37 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods |{{engvar|defaultWord=License |defaultLang=en-US |en-UK=Licence |en-AU=Licence |en-CA=Licence |en-NZ=Licence |en-EI=Licence |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} data]] | data37 = {{Infobox drug/licence |INN_EMA={{{INN_EMA|}}} |licence_EU={{#if:{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}|yes}} | _EMA_use_INN={{If empty |1={{{INN_EMA|}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{{INN|}}}|none||{{{INN|}}}}} |3={{{drug_name|}}} |4={{PAGENAME}} }} |licence_US={{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_US|}}} |DailyMedID={{{DailyMedID|}}} |licence_CA=<!-- switched off, no CA page available (Feb 2017): {{{licence_CA|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}--> }}<!-- so internally, spell licenCe --> <!-- pregnancy categories --> | label38 = [[Pregnancy category|Pregnancy<br />category]] | data38 = {{Infobox drug/pregnancy category |pregnancy_AU = {{{pregnancy_AU|}}} |pregnancy_AU_comment = {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}} |pregnancy_category = {{{pregnancy_category|}}} }} | label39 = [[Substance dependence|Dependence<br />liability]] | data39 = {{{dependency_liability|}}} | label41 = [[Addiction|Addiction<br />liability]] | data41 = {{{addiction_liability|}}} | label42 = [[Route of administration|Routes of<br />administration]] | data42 = {{{routes_of_administration|}}} | label43 = [[Drug class]] | data43 = {{{class|}}} <!-- ATC atc human --> | label44 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|ATC code]] | data44 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- ATC VET --> | label45 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System#ATCvet|ATCvet code]] | data45 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} <!-- ATCvet does not have a #2 option: its one for both then --> |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA Hormones, neurotransmitters etc. are not a separate drugtype (just a single chemical) Section 'Physiological data' appears when there is parameter input. May 2017. --> | header50 = [[Physiological]] data | label51= Source [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] | data51= {{{source_tissues|}}} | label52= Target tissues | data52= {{{target_tissues|}}} | label53= [[Receptor (biochemistry)|Receptors]] | data53= {{{receptors|}}} | label54= [[Agonist]]s | data54= {{{agonists|}}} | label55= [[Receptor antagonist|Antagonists]] | data55= {{{antagonists|}}} | label56= [[Precursor (chemistry)|Precursor]] | data56= {{{precursor|}}} | label57= [[Biosynthesis]] | data57= {{{biosynthesis|}}} | label58= [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]] | data58= {{#if:{{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} |<!-- has context so show here: -->{{{metabolism|}}} }}<!-- LEGAL STATUS --> | header60 = Legal status | label61 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Legal status]] | data61 = {{Infobox drug/legal status |legal_AU={{{legal_AU|}}} |legal_BR={{{legal_BR|}}} |legal_CA={{{legal_CA|}}} |legal_DE={{{legal_DE|}}} |legal_NZ={{{legal_NZ|}}} |legal_UK={{{legal_UK|}}} |legal_US={{{legal_US|}}} |legal_EU={{{legal_EU|}}} |legal_UN={{{legal_UN|}}} |legal_AU_comment={{{legal_AU_comment|}}} |legal_BR_comment={{{legal_BR_comment|}}} |legal_CA_comment={{{legal_CA_comment|}}} |legal_DE_comment={{{legal_DE_comment|}}} |legal_NZ_comment={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}} |legal_UK_comment={{{legal_UK_comment|}}} |legal_US_comment={{{legal_US_comment|}}} |legal_EU_comment={{{legal_EU_comment|}}} |legal_UN_comment={{{legal_UN_comment|}}} |legal_status={{{legal_status|}}} }}<!-- PHARMACOKINETIC ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header70 = [[Pharmacokinetics|Pharmacokinetic]] data | label71 = [[Bioavailability]] | data71 = {{{bioavailability|}}} | label72 = [[Plasma protein binding|Protein binding]] | data72 = {{{protein_bound|}}} | label73 = [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]] | data73 = {{#if:{{{bioavailability|}}}{{{protein_bound|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{onset|}}}{{{elimination_half-life|}}}{{{duration_of_action|}}}{{{excretion|}}} |{{{metabolism|}}}|{{#if:{{{target_tissuess|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} ||{{{metabolism|}}}}} }} | label74 = [[Metabolite]]s | data74 = {{{metabolites|}}} | label75 = [[Onset of action]] | data75 = {{{onset|}}} | label76 = [[Biological half-life|Elimination {{nowrap|half-life}}]] | data76 = {{{elimination_half-life|}}} | label77 = [[Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action|Duration of action]] | data77 = {{{duration_of_action|}}} | label78 = [[Excretion]] | data78 = {{{excretion|}}}<!-- IDENTIFIERS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header80 = Identifiers <!-- IUPAC_name (single chemical only) --> | data81 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab|combo|vaccine= |#default={{#if:{{{IUPAC_name|}}} | {{Collapsible list <!--| expand=test_yes--> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; |title = [[IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry|IUPAC name]] |1=<div style="font-size: 97%;">{{{IUPAC_name|}}}</div> }} }}}} <!-- label_comment: explain the labels --> | label83 = &#x200B;<!-- keeps data in righthand column --> | data83 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#if:{{{index_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index_label|}}} |{{{index_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index_comment|}}} }} |2={{#if:{{{index2_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}} |{{{index2_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index2_comment|}}} }} }}<!-- CAS NUMBER --> | label84 = [[CAS Registry Number|CAS Number]] | data84 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental2|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM CID --> | label85 = [[PubChem#CID|PubChem]] <span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|CID|Compound ID}}</span> | data85 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment= }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment= }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM SID unrestricted showing (independent of CID) Feb 2017 --> |label86 = {{#if:{{{PubChem|}}}{{{PubChem2|}}} |PubChem |[[PubChem#SID|PubChem]] }}&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|1=SID|2=Substance ID}}</span> | data86 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance2|}}} }} }}<!-- IUPHAR PBS iuphar --> | label87 = [[Guide to Pharmacology|IUPHAR/BPS]] | data87 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand2|}}} }} }}<!-- DRUGBANK --> | label88 = [[DrugBank]] | data88 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank2|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMSPIDER --> | label89 = [[ChemSpider]] | data89 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |index=0 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |index=2 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID2|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- UNII --> | label90 = [[Unique Ingredient Identifier|UNII]] | data90 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII|}}} |botref={{{UNIIRef|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII2|}}} |botref={{{UNII2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- KEGG --> | label91 = [[KEGG]] | data91 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG|}}} |botref={{{KEGG_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG2|}}} |botref={{{KEGG2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEBI --> | label92 = [[ChEBI]] | data92 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI2|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMBL --> | label93 = [[ChEMBL]] | data93 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL2|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- NIAID niaid --> | label94 = [[NIAID ChemDB]] | data94 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB2|}}} }} }}<!-- PDB ligand --> | label96 = [[Protein Data Bank|PDB ligand]] | data96 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}} |combo|vaccine= |#default={{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand2|}}} }} }}}}<!-- E number from Wikidata --> | label97 = [[E number|<span title="E number (food additive code)">E number</span>]]<!-- -->{{main other|[[Category:E number from Wikidata|*]]}} | data97 = {{#property:P628}} {{#switch:<!-- -->{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#property:P628}} |pattern=E(%d%d?)%d%d[A-z]? |plain=false |nomatch=}} |1=[[E number#E100–E199|(colours)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |2=[[E number#E200–E299|(preservatives)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |3=[[E number#E300–E399|(antioxidants, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |4=[[E number#E400–E499|(thickeners, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |5=[[E number#E500–E599|(acidity regulators, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |6=[[E number#E600–E699|(flavour enhancer)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |7=[[E number#E700–E799|(antibiotics)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |9=[[E number#E900–E999|(glazing agents, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |10|11|12|13|14|15=[[E number#E1000–E1599|(additional chemicals)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |#default= }}<!-- CompTox (EPA) DTXSID --> | label98 = [[CompTox Chemicals Dashboard|CompTox Dashboard]] <span style="font-weight:normal">({{abbr|EPA|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}})</span> | data98 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID|}}} |useWD={{#property:P3117}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID2|}}} }} }}<!-- ECHA from Wikidata --> | label99 = [[ECHA InfoCard|<span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span>]] | data99 = {{#if:{{#property:P2566}} | [https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/{{#property:P2566}} {{#property:P2566}}]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P2566}}{{main other|[[Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata|*]]}}}}<!-- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header100 = Chemical and physical data<!-- --> | label102 = [[Chemical formula|Formula]] | data102 = {{Infobox drug/chemical formula |chemical_formula_fixed={{{chemical_formula|}}} |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |charge={{{charge|}}} |chemical_formula_ref={{{chemical_formula_ref|}}} |chemical_formula_comment={{{chemical_formula_comment|}}} }} | label103 = [[Molar mass]] | data103 = {{Chem molar mass |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |fixed = {{{molecular_weight|}}}<!-- should be molar mass --> |round = {{{molecular_weight_round|}}} |unit = {{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} |ref = {{{molecular_weight_ref|}}} |comment = {{{molecular_weight_comment|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{molecular_weight|}}}|target=[^0-9.]|plain=false }}|0||{{main other|1=[[Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character]]}}}} <!-- JMOL --> | label104 = 3D model ([[JSmol]]) | data104 = {{#ifeq:{{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}|none||{{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES |{{{smiles|}}}}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol2|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} }} }}}} | label106 = [[Chirality (chemistry)|Chirality]] | data106 = {{{chirality|}}} | label107 = [[Specific rotation]] | data107 = {{{specific_rotation|}}} <!-- physical data: --> | label111 = [[Density]] | data111 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} | {{{density}}}&nbsp;g/cm³}} {{{density_notes|}}} | label112= [[Melting point]] | data112 = {{#if:{{{melting_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{melting_point|}}} {{#if:{{{melting_high|}}}|to {{{melting_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{melting_notes|}}} | label113 = [[Boiling point]] | data113 = {{#if:{{{boiling_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{boiling_point|}}} {{#if:{{{boiling_high|}}}|to {{{boiling_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{boiling_notes|}}} | label114 = [[Aqueous solution|Solubility in water]] | data114 = {{#if:{{{solubility|}}} |{{{solubility}}}{{{sol_units|&nbsp;mg/mL (20&nbsp;°C)}}}}} | data118 = {{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} | {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title = [[Simplified molecular-input line-entry system|SMILES]] |1={{#if:{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}|<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}|<br />}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}}</div> }}}} }} | data119 = {{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}| {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title=[[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] |1={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{#if:{{{StdInChI_comment|}}} |<br />{{{StdInChI_comment}}} }}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}</div>}} |3={{#if:{{{StdInChI2|}}} |{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|<br />}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI2}}}{{{StdInChI2_Ref|}}}</div>}} |4={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey2|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey2}}}{{{StdInChIKey2_Ref|}}}</div>}} }}<!-- eo collapsible list -->}}<!-- eo data89 if:StdInChI --><!-- DATA PAGE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header120 = Data page | data121 = {{Infobox drug/data page link| _targetpage={{#if:{{{data page|}}}|{{trim brackets|1={{{data page|}}}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page)}}}}<!-- VERIFICATIONS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | below =<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Verifiedfields|}}}{{{verifiedrevid|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{Verifiedfields|}}} |changed|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{xmark|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}} |{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}}}|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{xmark|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}|{{nobold|1=&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|rev1={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&page2={{urlencode:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}} (verify)]</span>}}}}}} }}<!-- END OF INFOBOX ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Parameter check: -->{{#invoke:TemplatePar |check |template=Template:Infobox_drug |all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= biosimilars= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= container_only= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= class6= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= component6= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= image_class= image_class2= image_classL= image_classR= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN= <!-- Physiological -->source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis= <!-- Gene therapy -->gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method= <!-- depr Mar 2017, but removal here would be trivial: -->sec_combustion= <!-- unused, removed: InChI= InChIKey=; use StdInChI/Key because CheMoBot only checks these --> <!-- chem elements -->Ac=Ag=Al=Am=Ar=As=At=Au=B=Ba=Be=Bh=Bi=Bk=Br=C=Ca=Cd=Ce=Cf=Cl=Cm=Cn=Co=Cr=Cs=Cu= D=Db=Ds=Dy=Er=Es=Eu=F=Fe=Fl=Fm=Fr=Ga=Gd=Ge=H=He=Hf=Hg=Ho=Hs=I=In=Ir=K=Kr=La=Li=Lr=Lu=Lv= Mc=Md=Mg=Mn=Mo=Mt=N=Na=Nb=Nd=Ne=Nh=Ni=No=Np=O=Og=Os=P=Pa=Pb=Pd=Pm=Po=Pr=Pt=Pu=Ra=Rb=Re=Rf=Rg=Rh=Rn=Ru=S=Sb=Sc=Se=Sg=Si=Sm=Sn=Sr=Ta=Tb=Tc=Te=Th=Ti=Tl=Tm=Ts=U=V=W=Xe=Y=Yb=Zn=Zr= <!-- #2 identifiers (indexes): -->index_label= index2_label= index_comment= index2_comment= CAS_number2= CAS_supplemental2= ATC_prefix2= ATC_suffix2= ATC_supplemental2= PubChem2= PubChemSubstance2= IUPHAR_ligand2= DrugBank2= ChemSpiderID2= UNII2= KEGG2= ChEBI2= ChEMBL2= PDB_ligand2= NIAID_ChemDB2= SMILES2= smiles2= StdInChI2= StdInChIKey2= CAS_number2_Ref= ChEBI2_Ref= ChEMBL2_Ref= ChemSpiderID2_Ref= DrugBank2_Ref= KEGG2_Ref= StdInChI2_Ref= StdInChIKey2_Ref= UNII2_Ref= DTXSID2= <!-- Wikidata: -->QID= QID2=<!-- Deprecated per 2020-12-30, but kept here to keep UnkParameter category useful (not ~5500 pages) 2021-01-30: -->PLLR= pregnancy_US= pregnancy_US_comment= |cat=Pages using infobox drug with unknown parameters |format=0|errNS=0 |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">@@@ (See [[Template:Infobox drug/doc/full parameter list|parameter list]]). This message only shows in Preview, it will not show after you do {{button|{{int:publishchanges}}}}.</div> }}<!-- END of parameter checks --><!-- TRACKING: -->{{Infobox drug/maintenance categories{{yesno|{{{container_only|no}}}|yes=/container only|no=}}<!-- |container_only=yes -- uses [[Template:Infobox drug/maintenance categories/container only]] * Parameters starting with _underscore are internal constructs only, not straight article input --> | drug_name = {{{drug_name|}}} | INN = {{{INN|}}} | _drugtype = {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} <!-- drugtype detected by input (not by type=): --> | _has_physiological_data={{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _has_gene_therapy={{{gt_target_gene|}}}{{{gt_vector|}}}{{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}{{{gt_editing_method|}}}{{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- for catsort: --> | vaccine_type={{{vaccine_type|}}} | mab_type={{{mab_type|}}} | _number_of_combo_chemicals={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |component1 |component2 |component3 |component4|component5|component6 }} <!-- to check illogical input --> | _vaccine_data={{{vaccine_type|}}} | _mab_data={{{mab_type|}}}{{{source|}}} | _mab_vaccine_data={{{target|}}} | _mab_other_data=<!-- chem data -->{{{C|}}}{{{H|}}}{{{F|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}{{{chirality|}}}{{{specific_rotation|}}}{{{SMILES2|}}}{{{smiles2|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI_comment|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}<!-- physical data -->{{{density|}}}{{{density_notes|}}}{{{melting_point|}}}{{{boiling_point|}}}{{{melting_high|}}}{{{boiling_high|}}}{{{solubility|}}}{{{molecular_weight|}}} | _combo_data={{{component1|}}}{{{component2|}}}{{{component3|}}}{{{component4|}}}{{{component5|}}}{{{component6|}}}{{{class1|}}}{{{class2|}}}{{{class3|}}}{{{class4|}}}{{{class5|}}}{{{class6|}}} | _physiological_data=<!-- physiological data input/ USED??? see also _physiological_data. March2018 -->{{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _clinical_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogenous) data -->{{{Drugs.com|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{addiction_liability|}}}{{{dependency_liability|}}}{{{licence_CA|}}}{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}{{{license_US|}}}{{{DailyMedID|}}} {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_AU|}}}{{{pregnancy_category|}}}{{{routes_of_administration|}}}{{{tradename|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}{{{ATC_prefix2|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} | _legal_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogeneous) data -->{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _other_data={{{IUPAC_name|}}} | _image_0_or_2 = {{{image|}}}{{{image2|}}} | _image_LR = {{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}} | _datapage = {{PAGENAME}} (data page)<!-- 3rd ifexist on this one? / TODO: could be set by param |data page= --> | _vaccine_target={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine | {{{target|}}} | _type_not_vaccine }}<!-- vaccine with empty target = to maint cat; former question mark --> | _legal_all={{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _ATC_prefix_supplemental={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}<!-- together --> | _has_EMA_link = {{{licence_EU|}}}<!-- Identifiers tracked --> | CAS_number={{{CAS_number|}}} | PubChem={{{PubChem|}}} | ChemSpiderID={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} | ChEBI={{{ChEBI|}}} | ChEMBL={{{ChEMBL|}}} | DrugBank={{{DrugBank|}}} | KEGG={{{KEGG|}}} | _hasInChI_or_Key={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |yes}} | UNII={{{UNII|}}} | _hasJmol02 = {{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}<!-- Second IDs (see also: WD, QID2) --> |_hasMultipleCASnumbers = {{{CAS_number2|}}} |_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = {{{PubChem2|}}} |_hasMultipleChEBIs = {{{ChEBI2|}}} | _countSecondIDs={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |CAS_number2 |ATC_prefix2 |PubChem2 |PubChemStructure2 |IUPHAR_ligand2 |DrugBank2 |ChemSpiderID2 |UNII2 |KEGG2 |ChEBI2 |ChEMBL2 |PDB_ligand2 |NIAID_ChemDB2 |SMILES2 |smiles2 |StdInChI2 |StdInChIKey2 |DTXCID2}} | _countIndexlabels={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |index_label |index2_label}}<!-- OPTIONAL TEMP TRACKING When param is not empty, will be categorised in [[Category:Infobox drug tracked parameters]] --> | _trackListSortletter= <!-- WIKIDATA --> |QID = {{{QID|}}} |QID2 = {{{QID2|}}} <!-- BOT VALIDATION --> |Verifiedfields={{{Verifiedfields|}}} |Watchedfields={{{Watchedfields|}}} |verifiedrevid={{{verifiedrevid|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- END of /maintenance categories --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> df5xz0t9e54ouk44xdb2a5nwi6bkgcb 1146918 1146913 2026-07-06T16:05:59Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 1146918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{short description|Pharmaceutical compound|noreplace}}}} <templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css"/> {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing:2px; | headerstyle = background:#ddd;color:inherit; | labelstyle = line-height:1.2em; | autoheaders = yes<!-- INFOBOX TITLE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | title = {{Infobox drug/title |title={{#if:{{{drug_name|}}} |{{{drug_name}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} |INN={{{INN|}}} }}<!-- IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|class={{#if:{{{image_class|}}}|{{{image_class}}}|dark_mode_safe}} |alt={{{alt|}}}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|class={{#if:{{{image_class2|}}}|{{{image_class2}}}|dark_mode_safe}} |alt={{{alt2|}}}}} <!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --> | caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | caption2={{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|<table style="width:100%; margin:0;"><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|upright=0.5|class={{#if:{{{image_classL|}}}|{{{image_classL}}}|dark_mode_safe}}|alt={{{altL|}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|upright=0.5|class={{#if:{{{image_classR|}}}|{{{image_classR}}}|dark_mode_safe}}|alt={{{altR|}}}}}</td> </tr></table>}} | caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}<!-- TYPEHEADER=VACC/COMBO/MAB/SINGLE --> | header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine = [[Vaccine|Vaccine description]] | combo = Combination of | mab = [[Monoclonal antibody]] | #default =<!-- no header when type=blank (single chemical) --> }}<!-- TYPE VACCINE: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=vaccine then show vaccine details --> | label5 = Target<!-- reuse of parameter 'target'; see vacc/mab --> | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#if:{{{target|}}} |{{{target}}} |<!-- cat -->}} }} | label6 = [[Vaccine#Types|Vaccine type]] | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{vaccine_type|}}}}} |inactivated |killed = [[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated]] |attenuated = [[Attenuated vaccine|Attenuated]] |live = Live bacteria |viral = [[Viral vector vaccine|Viral vector]] |toxoid = [[Toxoid]] |subunit = [[Subunit vaccine|Subunit]] |protein |protein subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Protein subunit|Protein subunit]] |peptide |peptide subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Peptide subunit|Peptide subunit]] |polysaccharide = [[Subunit vaccine#Polysaccharide subunit|Polysaccharide]] |vlp = [[Subunit vaccine#Virus-like particles|Virus-like particles]] |conjugate = [[Conjugate vaccine|Conjugate]] |recombinant = [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant vector]] |dna = [[DNA vaccine|DNA]] |rna = [[RNA vaccine|RNA]] |mrna = [[mRNA vaccine|mRNA]] |heterologous = [[Heterologous vaccine|Heterologous]] |#default={{{vaccine_type|}}} }} }}<!-- freetext, shows unedited --><!-- TYPE MAB: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=mab then show monoclonal antibody details --> | label10 = [[:File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg|Type]] | data10 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{mab_type|}}}}} | mab = Whole antibody | fab = [[Fab fragment]] | f(ab')2 = [[Fragment antigen-binding|F(ab')₂ fragment]] | fab' = [[Fab' fragment]] | scfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment]] | discfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment|Di-single-chain variable fragment]] | sdab = [[Single domain antibody]] | 3funct = [[Trifunctional antibody]] | clfab = [[Chemically linked Fab]] | bite = [[Bi-specific T-cell engager]] | #default=? }} }} | label11 = [[Monoclonal antibody#Production|Source]] | data11 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{Infobox drug/mab source |_mab_source={{{source|}}} }}}}<!-- mab_source == internal only --> | label12 = [[Antigen|Target]] | data12 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{{target|}}} }}<!-- alternate use of target; see vacc --><!-- TYPE COMBO: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- if type=combo show its components (#2 obligatory, 3-6 optional) --> | label15 = {{#if:{{{component1|}}}|[[{{{component1}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data15 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class1|? Class}}} }} | label16 = {{#if:{{{component2|}}}|[[{{{component2}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data16 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class2|? Class}}} }} | label17 = [[{{{component3}}}]] | data17 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component3|}}}|{{{class3|}}}}} | {{{class3|? Class}}} }} }} | label18 = [[{{{component4}}}]] | data18 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component4|}}}|{{{class4|}}}}} | {{{class4|? Class}}} }} }} | label19 = [[{{{component5}}}]] | data19 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component5|}}}|{{{class5|}}}}} | {{{class5|? Class}}} }} }} | label20 = [[{{{component6}}}]] | data20 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component6|}}}|{{{class6|}}}}} | {{{class6|? Class}}} }} }} <!-- TYPE: GENE THERAPY ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (no need to set type=... any parmeter input will show the section) --> |header21= [[Gene therapy]] |label22 = [[Gene targeting|Target gene]] | data22 = {{{gt_target_gene|}}} |label23 = [[Vectors in gene therapy|Vector]] | data23 = {{{gt_vector|}}} |label24 = [[Nucleic acid|Nucleic acid type]] | data24 = {{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}} |label25 = [[Genome editing|Editing method]] | data25 = {{{gt_editing_method|}}} |label26 = [[Gene delivery|Delivery method]] | data26 = {{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- CLINICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30 = Clinical data | label31 = Pronunciation | data31 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_comment|}}} |{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_ref|}}}&#x20;{{{pronounce_comment|}}} }} | label32 = [[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Trade name]]s | data32 = {{{tradename|}}} | label33 = Other names | data33 = {{#if:{{{AAN|}}}{{{BAN|}}}{{{JAN|}}}{{{USAN|}}} |{{Infobox drug/localINNvariants |synonyms={{{synonyms|}}} |AAN={{{AAN|}}} |BAN={{{BAN|}}} |JAN={{{JAN|}}} |USAN={{{USAN|}}} }} |{{{synonyms|}}} }} | label34 = [[Biosimilar]]s | data34 = {{{biosimilars|}}} | label35 = [[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | data35 = {{{Drugs.com|}}} | label36 = [[MedlinePlus]] | data36 = {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|}}} | <span title="medlineplus.gov">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.html {{{MedlinePlus}}}]</span>}} | label37 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods |{{engvar|defaultWord=License |defaultLang=en-US |en-UK=Licence |en-AU=Licence |en-CA=Licence |en-NZ=Licence |en-EI=Licence |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} data]] | data37 = {{Infobox drug/licence |INN_EMA={{{INN_EMA|}}} |licence_EU={{#if:{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}|yes}} | _EMA_use_INN={{If empty |1={{{INN_EMA|}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{{INN|}}}|none||{{{INN|}}}}} |3={{{drug_name|}}} |4={{PAGENAME}} }} |licence_US={{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_US|}}} |DailyMedID={{{DailyMedID|}}} |licence_CA=<!-- switched off, no CA page available (Feb 2017): {{{licence_CA|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}--> }}<!-- so internally, spell licenCe --> <!-- pregnancy categories --> | label38 = [[Pregnancy category|Pregnancy<br />category]] | data38 = {{Infobox drug/pregnancy category |pregnancy_AU = {{{pregnancy_AU|}}} |pregnancy_AU_comment = {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}} |pregnancy_category = {{{pregnancy_category|}}} }} | label39 = [[Substance dependence|Dependence<br />liability]] | data39 = {{{dependency_liability|}}} | label41 = [[Addiction|Addiction<br />liability]] | data41 = {{{addiction_liability|}}} | label42 = [[Route of administration|Routes of<br />administration]] | data42 = {{{routes_of_administration|}}} | label43 = [[Drug class]] | data43 = {{{class|}}} <!-- ATC atc human --> | label44 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|ATC code]] | data44 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- ATC VET --> | label45 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System#ATCvet|ATCvet code]] | data45 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} <!-- ATCvet does not have a #2 option: its one for both then --> |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA Hormones, neurotransmitters etc. are not a separate drugtype (just a single chemical) Section 'Physiological data' appears when there is parameter input. May 2017. --> | header50 = [[Physiological]] data | label51= Source [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] | data51= {{{source_tissues|}}} | label52= Target tissues | data52= {{{target_tissues|}}} | label53= [[Receptor (biochemistry)|Receptors]] | data53= {{{receptors|}}} | label54= [[Agonist]]s | data54= {{{agonists|}}} | label55= [[Receptor antagonist|Antagonists]] | data55= {{{antagonists|}}} | label56= [[Precursor (chemistry)|Precursor]] | data56= {{{precursor|}}} | label57= [[Biosynthesis]] | data57= {{{biosynthesis|}}} | label58= [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]] | data58= {{#if:{{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} |<!-- has context so show here: -->{{{metabolism|}}} }}<!-- LEGAL STATUS --> | header60 = Sata ara-dalàna | label61 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Sata ara-dalàna]] | data61 = {{Infobox drug/legal status |legal_AU={{{legal_AU|}}} |legal_BR={{{legal_BR|}}} |legal_CA={{{legal_CA|}}} |legal_DE={{{legal_DE|}}} |legal_NZ={{{legal_NZ|}}} |legal_UK={{{legal_UK|}}} |legal_US={{{legal_US|}}} |legal_EU={{{legal_EU|}}} |legal_UN={{{legal_UN|}}} |legal_AU_comment={{{legal_AU_comment|}}} |legal_BR_comment={{{legal_BR_comment|}}} |legal_CA_comment={{{legal_CA_comment|}}} |legal_DE_comment={{{legal_DE_comment|}}} |legal_NZ_comment={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}} |legal_UK_comment={{{legal_UK_comment|}}} |legal_US_comment={{{legal_US_comment|}}} |legal_EU_comment={{{legal_EU_comment|}}} |legal_UN_comment={{{legal_UN_comment|}}} |legal_status={{{legal_status|}}} }}<!-- PHARMACOKINETIC ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header70 = [[Pharmacokinetics|Pharmacokinetic]] data | label71 = [[Bioavailability]] | data71 = {{{bioavailability|}}} | label72 = [[Plasma protein binding|Protein binding]] | data72 = {{{protein_bound|}}} | label73 = [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]] | data73 = {{#if:{{{bioavailability|}}}{{{protein_bound|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{onset|}}}{{{elimination_half-life|}}}{{{duration_of_action|}}}{{{excretion|}}} |{{{metabolism|}}}|{{#if:{{{target_tissuess|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} ||{{{metabolism|}}}}} }} | label74 = [[Metabolite]]s | data74 = {{{metabolites|}}} | label75 = [[Onset of action]] | data75 = {{{onset|}}} | label76 = [[Biological half-life|Elimination {{nowrap|half-life}}]] | data76 = {{{elimination_half-life|}}} | label77 = [[Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action|Duration of action]] | data77 = {{{duration_of_action|}}} | label78 = [[Excretion]] | data78 = {{{excretion|}}}<!-- IDENTIFIERS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header80 = Identifiers <!-- IUPAC_name (single chemical only) --> | data81 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab|combo|vaccine= |#default={{#if:{{{IUPAC_name|}}} | {{Collapsible list <!--| expand=test_yes--> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; |title = [[IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry|IUPAC name]] |1=<div style="font-size: 97%;">{{{IUPAC_name|}}}</div> }} }}}} <!-- label_comment: explain the labels --> | label83 = &#x200B;<!-- keeps data in righthand column --> | data83 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#if:{{{index_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index_label|}}} |{{{index_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index_comment|}}} }} |2={{#if:{{{index2_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}} |{{{index2_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index2_comment|}}} }} }}<!-- CAS NUMBER --> | label84 = [[CAS Registry Number|CAS Number]] | data84 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental2|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM CID --> | label85 = [[PubChem#CID|PubChem]] <span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|CID|Compound ID}}</span> | data85 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment= }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment= }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM SID unrestricted showing (independent of CID) Feb 2017 --> |label86 = {{#if:{{{PubChem|}}}{{{PubChem2|}}} |PubChem |[[PubChem#SID|PubChem]] }}&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|1=SID|2=Substance ID}}</span> | data86 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance2|}}} }} }}<!-- IUPHAR PBS iuphar --> | label87 = [[Guide to Pharmacology|IUPHAR/BPS]] | data87 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand2|}}} }} }}<!-- DRUGBANK --> | label88 = [[DrugBank]] | data88 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank2|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMSPIDER --> | label89 = [[ChemSpider]] | data89 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |index=0 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |index=2 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID2|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- UNII --> | label90 = [[Unique Ingredient Identifier|UNII]] | data90 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII|}}} |botref={{{UNIIRef|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII2|}}} |botref={{{UNII2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- KEGG --> | label91 = [[KEGG]] | data91 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG|}}} |botref={{{KEGG_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG2|}}} |botref={{{KEGG2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEBI --> | label92 = [[ChEBI]] | data92 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI2|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMBL --> | label93 = [[ChEMBL]] | data93 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL2|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- NIAID niaid --> | label94 = [[NIAID ChemDB]] | data94 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB2|}}} }} }}<!-- PDB ligand --> | label96 = [[Protein Data Bank|PDB ligand]] | data96 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}} |combo|vaccine= |#default={{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand2|}}} }} }}}}<!-- E number from Wikidata --> | label97 = [[E number|<span title="E number (food additive code)">E number</span>]]<!-- -->{{main other|[[Category:E number from Wikidata|*]]}} | data97 = {{#property:P628}} {{#switch:<!-- -->{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#property:P628}} |pattern=E(%d%d?)%d%d[A-z]? |plain=false |nomatch=}} |1=[[E number#E100–E199|(colours)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |2=[[E number#E200–E299|(preservatives)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |3=[[E number#E300–E399|(antioxidants, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |4=[[E number#E400–E499|(thickeners, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |5=[[E number#E500–E599|(acidity regulators, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |6=[[E number#E600–E699|(flavour enhancer)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |7=[[E number#E700–E799|(antibiotics)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |9=[[E number#E900–E999|(glazing agents, ...)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |10|11|12|13|14|15=[[E number#E1000–E1599|(additional chemicals)]]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P628}} |#default= }}<!-- CompTox (EPA) DTXSID --> | label98 = [[CompTox Chemicals Dashboard|CompTox Dashboard]] <span style="font-weight:normal">({{abbr|EPA|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}})</span> | data98 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID|}}} |useWD={{#property:P3117}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID2|}}} }} }}<!-- ECHA from Wikidata --> | label99 = [[ECHA InfoCard|<span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span>]] | data99 = {{#if:{{#property:P2566}} | [https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/{{#property:P2566}} {{#property:P2566}}]{{EditAtWikidata |pid=P2566}}{{main other|[[Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata|*]]}}}}<!-- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header100 = Angon-drakitra simika sy ara-batana<!-- --> | label102 = [[Chemical formula|Raikipohy]] | data102 = {{Infobox drug/chemical formula |chemical_formula_fixed={{{chemical_formula|}}} |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |charge={{{charge|}}} |chemical_formula_ref={{{chemical_formula_ref|}}} |chemical_formula_comment={{{chemical_formula_comment|}}} }} | label103 = [[Molar mass]] | data103 = {{Chem molar mass |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |fixed = {{{molecular_weight|}}}<!-- should be molar mass --> |round = {{{molecular_weight_round|}}} |unit = {{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} |ref = {{{molecular_weight_ref|}}} |comment = {{{molecular_weight_comment|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{molecular_weight|}}}|target=[^0-9.]|plain=false }}|0||{{main other|1=[[Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character]]}}}} <!-- JMOL --> | label104 = 3D model ([[JSmol]]) | data104 = {{#ifeq:{{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}|none||{{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES |{{{smiles|}}}}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol2|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} }} }}}} | label106 = [[Chirality (chemistry)|Chirality]] | data106 = {{{chirality|}}} | label107 = [[Specific rotation]] | data107 = {{{specific_rotation|}}} <!-- physical data: --> | label111 = [[Density]] | data111 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} | {{{density}}}&nbsp;g/cm³}} {{{density_notes|}}} | label112= [[Melting point]] | data112 = {{#if:{{{melting_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{melting_point|}}} {{#if:{{{melting_high|}}}|to {{{melting_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{melting_notes|}}} | label113 = [[Boiling point]] | data113 = {{#if:{{{boiling_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{boiling_point|}}} {{#if:{{{boiling_high|}}}|to {{{boiling_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{boiling_notes|}}} | label114 = [[Aqueous solution|Solubility in water]] | data114 = {{#if:{{{solubility|}}} |{{{solubility}}}{{{sol_units|&nbsp;mg/mL (20&nbsp;°C)}}}}} | data118 = {{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} | {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title = [[Simplified molecular-input line-entry system|SMILES]] |1={{#if:{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}|<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}|<br />}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}}</div> }}}} }} | data119 = {{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}| {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title=[[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] |1={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{#if:{{{StdInChI_comment|}}} |<br />{{{StdInChI_comment}}} }}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}</div>}} |3={{#if:{{{StdInChI2|}}} |{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|<br />}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI2}}}{{{StdInChI2_Ref|}}}</div>}} |4={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey2|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey2}}}{{{StdInChIKey2_Ref|}}}</div>}} }}<!-- eo collapsible list -->}}<!-- eo data89 if:StdInChI --><!-- DATA PAGE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header120 = Pejy angon-drakitra | data121 = {{Infobox drug/data page link| _targetpage={{#if:{{{data page|}}}|{{trim brackets|1={{{data page|}}}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page)}}}}<!-- VERIFICATIONS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | below =<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Verifiedfields|}}}{{{verifiedrevid|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{Verifiedfields|}}} |changed|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{xmark|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}} |{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}}}|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{xmark|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}|{{nobold|1=&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|rev1={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&page2={{urlencode:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}} (verify)]</span>}}}}}} }}<!-- END OF INFOBOX ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Parameter check: -->{{#invoke:TemplatePar |check |template=Template:Infobox_drug |all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= biosimilars= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= container_only= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= class6= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= component6= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= image_class= image_class2= image_classL= image_classR= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN= <!-- Physiological -->source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis= <!-- Gene therapy -->gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method= <!-- depr Mar 2017, but removal here would be trivial: -->sec_combustion= <!-- unused, removed: InChI= InChIKey=; use StdInChI/Key because CheMoBot only checks these --> <!-- chem elements -->Ac=Ag=Al=Am=Ar=As=At=Au=B=Ba=Be=Bh=Bi=Bk=Br=C=Ca=Cd=Ce=Cf=Cl=Cm=Cn=Co=Cr=Cs=Cu= D=Db=Ds=Dy=Er=Es=Eu=F=Fe=Fl=Fm=Fr=Ga=Gd=Ge=H=He=Hf=Hg=Ho=Hs=I=In=Ir=K=Kr=La=Li=Lr=Lu=Lv= Mc=Md=Mg=Mn=Mo=Mt=N=Na=Nb=Nd=Ne=Nh=Ni=No=Np=O=Og=Os=P=Pa=Pb=Pd=Pm=Po=Pr=Pt=Pu=Ra=Rb=Re=Rf=Rg=Rh=Rn=Ru=S=Sb=Sc=Se=Sg=Si=Sm=Sn=Sr=Ta=Tb=Tc=Te=Th=Ti=Tl=Tm=Ts=U=V=W=Xe=Y=Yb=Zn=Zr= <!-- #2 identifiers (indexes): -->index_label= index2_label= index_comment= index2_comment= CAS_number2= CAS_supplemental2= ATC_prefix2= ATC_suffix2= ATC_supplemental2= PubChem2= PubChemSubstance2= IUPHAR_ligand2= DrugBank2= ChemSpiderID2= UNII2= KEGG2= ChEBI2= ChEMBL2= PDB_ligand2= NIAID_ChemDB2= SMILES2= smiles2= StdInChI2= StdInChIKey2= CAS_number2_Ref= ChEBI2_Ref= ChEMBL2_Ref= ChemSpiderID2_Ref= DrugBank2_Ref= KEGG2_Ref= StdInChI2_Ref= StdInChIKey2_Ref= UNII2_Ref= DTXSID2= <!-- Wikidata: -->QID= QID2=<!-- Deprecated per 2020-12-30, but kept here to keep UnkParameter category useful (not ~5500 pages) 2021-01-30: -->PLLR= pregnancy_US= pregnancy_US_comment= |cat=Pages using infobox drug with unknown parameters |format=0|errNS=0 |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">@@@ (See [[Template:Infobox drug/doc/full parameter list|parameter list]]). This message only shows in Preview, it will not show after you do {{button|{{int:publishchanges}}}}.</div> }}<!-- END of parameter checks --><!-- TRACKING: -->{{Infobox drug/maintenance categories{{yesno|{{{container_only|no}}}|yes=/container only|no=}}<!-- |container_only=yes -- uses [[Template:Infobox drug/maintenance categories/container only]] * Parameters starting with _underscore are internal constructs only, not straight article input --> | drug_name = {{{drug_name|}}} | INN = {{{INN|}}} | _drugtype = {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} <!-- drugtype detected by input (not by type=): --> | _has_physiological_data={{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _has_gene_therapy={{{gt_target_gene|}}}{{{gt_vector|}}}{{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}{{{gt_editing_method|}}}{{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- for catsort: --> | vaccine_type={{{vaccine_type|}}} | mab_type={{{mab_type|}}} | _number_of_combo_chemicals={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |component1 |component2 |component3 |component4|component5|component6 }} <!-- to check illogical input --> | _vaccine_data={{{vaccine_type|}}} | _mab_data={{{mab_type|}}}{{{source|}}} | _mab_vaccine_data={{{target|}}} | _mab_other_data=<!-- chem data -->{{{C|}}}{{{H|}}}{{{F|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}{{{chirality|}}}{{{specific_rotation|}}}{{{SMILES2|}}}{{{smiles2|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI_comment|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}<!-- physical data -->{{{density|}}}{{{density_notes|}}}{{{melting_point|}}}{{{boiling_point|}}}{{{melting_high|}}}{{{boiling_high|}}}{{{solubility|}}}{{{molecular_weight|}}} | _combo_data={{{component1|}}}{{{component2|}}}{{{component3|}}}{{{component4|}}}{{{component5|}}}{{{component6|}}}{{{class1|}}}{{{class2|}}}{{{class3|}}}{{{class4|}}}{{{class5|}}}{{{class6|}}} | _physiological_data=<!-- physiological data input/ USED??? see also _physiological_data. March2018 -->{{{source_tissues|}}}{{{target_tissues|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _clinical_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogenous) data -->{{{Drugs.com|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{addiction_liability|}}}{{{dependency_liability|}}}{{{licence_CA|}}}{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}{{{license_US|}}}{{{DailyMedID|}}} {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_AU|}}}{{{pregnancy_category|}}}{{{routes_of_administration|}}}{{{tradename|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}{{{ATC_prefix2|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} | _legal_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogeneous) data -->{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _other_data={{{IUPAC_name|}}} | _image_0_or_2 = {{{image|}}}{{{image2|}}} | _image_LR = {{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}} | _datapage = {{PAGENAME}} (data page)<!-- 3rd ifexist on this one? / TODO: could be set by param |data page= --> | _vaccine_target={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine | {{{target|}}} | _type_not_vaccine }}<!-- vaccine with empty target = to maint cat; former question mark --> | _legal_all={{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _ATC_prefix_supplemental={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}<!-- together --> | _has_EMA_link = {{{licence_EU|}}}<!-- Identifiers tracked --> | CAS_number={{{CAS_number|}}} | PubChem={{{PubChem|}}} | ChemSpiderID={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} | ChEBI={{{ChEBI|}}} | ChEMBL={{{ChEMBL|}}} | DrugBank={{{DrugBank|}}} | KEGG={{{KEGG|}}} | _hasInChI_or_Key={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |yes}} | UNII={{{UNII|}}} | _hasJmol02 = {{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}<!-- Second IDs (see also: WD, QID2) --> |_hasMultipleCASnumbers = {{{CAS_number2|}}} |_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = {{{PubChem2|}}} |_hasMultipleChEBIs = {{{ChEBI2|}}} | _countSecondIDs={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |CAS_number2 |ATC_prefix2 |PubChem2 |PubChemStructure2 |IUPHAR_ligand2 |DrugBank2 |ChemSpiderID2 |UNII2 |KEGG2 |ChEBI2 |ChEMBL2 |PDB_ligand2 |NIAID_ChemDB2 |SMILES2 |smiles2 |StdInChI2 |StdInChIKey2 |DTXCID2}} | _countIndexlabels={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |index_label |index2_label}}<!-- OPTIONAL TEMP TRACKING When param is not empty, will be categorised in [[Category:Infobox drug tracked parameters]] --> | _trackListSortletter= <!-- WIKIDATA --> |QID = {{{QID|}}} |QID2 = {{{QID2|}}} <!-- BOT VALIDATION --> |Verifiedfields={{{Verifiedfields|}}} |Watchedfields={{{Watchedfields|}}} |verifiedrevid={{{verifiedrevid|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- END of /maintenance categories --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fwhz2zyy6tden862veq3mvca71xxdbf 10 301327 1146914 2026-07-06T16:01:57Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{#switch:{{{INN|}}} | = <span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): {{#tag:nowiki|{{{title|}}}}}">{{{title|}}}</span> | None | none = {{{title|}}} | #default = {{{title|}}}<br/><span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="International nonproprietary name">INN</abbr>:</span> {{{INN|}}} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> » 1146914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{INN|}}} | = <span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): {{#tag:nowiki|{{{title|}}}}}">{{{title|}}}</span> | None | none = {{{title|}}} | #default = {{{title|}}}<br/><span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="International nonproprietary name">INN</abbr>:</span> {{{INN|}}} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> faa9lx31xsgx1v1l948b7jstfby6gvg 0 301328 1146915 2026-07-06T16:02:28Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146915 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Barbaceniopsis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1962. Avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ([[Però|Peroa]], [[Bôlivia]], [[Arzantina]] tapany avaratra) izy io. == Liaitry ny karazana == Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny araka ny ''[[The Plant List]]'': * ''Barbaceniopsis boliviensis'' <small>(Baker) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''boliviensis'') ([[Bôlivia]], tapany avaratr' i [[Arzantina]]) * ''Barbaceniopsis castillonii'' <small>(Hauman) Ibisch</small> (Bôlivia) * ''Barbaceniopsis humahuaquensis'' <small>Noher.</small> (Faritanin' i Jujuy any avaratra andrefana amin' i Arzantina) * ''Barbaceniopsis vargasiana'' <small>(L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''vargasiana'') ([[Però|Peroa]]) == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' t5s0b48h86nsz2qqgb7guwsef2z9vqx 1146916 1146915 2026-07-06T16:03:15Z Thelezifor 15140 1146916 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Barbaceniopsis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1962. Avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ([[Però|Peroa]], [[Bôlivia]], [[Arzantina]] tapany avaratra) izy io. == Lisitry ny karazana == Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny araka ny ''[[The Plant List]]'': * ''Barbaceniopsis boliviensis'' <small>(Baker) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''boliviensis'') ([[Bôlivia]], tapany avaratr' i [[Arzantina]]) * ''Barbaceniopsis castillonii'' <small>(Hauman) Ibisch</small> (Bôlivia) * ''Barbaceniopsis humahuaquensis'' <small>Noher.</small> (Faritanin' i Jujuy any avaratra andrefana amin' i Arzantina) * ''Barbaceniopsis vargasiana'' <small>(L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''vargasiana'') ([[Però|Peroa]]) == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' rot4l40h5w24hhd0r0e8nyd2uujogz3 1146961 1146916 2026-07-06T18:53:14Z Thelezifor 15140 1146961 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Barbaceniopsis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1962. Avy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ([[Però|Peroa]], [[Bôlivia]], [[Arzantina]] tapany avaratra) izy io. == Lisitry ny karazana == Indreto ny karazana ao amin' ny araka ny ''[[The Plant List]]'': * ''Barbaceniopsis boliviensis'' <small>(Baker) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''boliviensis'') ([[Bôlivia]], tapany avaratr' i [[Arzantina]]) * ''Barbaceniopsis castillonii'' <small>(Hauman) Ibisch</small> (Bôlivia) * ''Barbaceniopsis humahuaquensis'' <small>Noher.</small> (Faritanin' i Jujuy any avaratra andrefana amin' i Arzantina) * ''Barbaceniopsis vargasiana'' <small>(L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.</small> (← ''Xerophyta'' ''vargasiana'') ([[Però|Peroa]]) == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' bmzfwfetbo7b44vywgmwu7262secfnr 828 301329 1146921 2026-07-06T16:07:59Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « local TemplatePar = { serial = "2023-03-20", suite = "TemplatePar", item = 15393417, globals = { DateTime = 20652535, FileMedia = 24765326, Multilingual = 47541920, TemplUtl = 52364930, URLutil = 10859193 } } --[=[ Template parameter utilit... » 1146921 Scribunto text/plain local TemplatePar = { serial = "2023-03-20", suite = "TemplatePar", item = 15393417, globals = { DateTime = 20652535, FileMedia = 24765326, Multilingual = 47541920, TemplUtl = 52364930, URLutil = 10859193 } } --[=[ Template parameter utility * assert * check * count * countNotEmpty * downcase() * duplicates * match * valid * verify() * TemplatePar() * failsafe() ]=] local Local = { frame = false } local Failsafe = TemplatePar local GlobalMod = Local -- Module globals Local.messagePrefix = "lua-module-TemplatePar-" Local.L10nDef = {} Local.L10nDef.en = { badPattern = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar pattern syntax error", dupOpt = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar repeated optional parameter", dupRule = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar conflict key/pattern", empty = "Error in template * undefined value for mandatory", invalid = "Error in template * invalid parameter", invalidPar = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar invalid parameter", minmax = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar min > max", missing = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar missing library", multiSpell = "Error in template * multiple spelling of parameter", noMSGnoCAT = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar neither message nor category", noname = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar missing parameter name", notFound = "Error in template * missing page", tooLong = "Error in template * parameter too long", tooShort = "Error in template * parameter too short", unavailable = "Error in template * parameter name missing", undefined = "Error in template * mandatory parameter missing", unknown = "Error in template * unknown parameter name", unknownRule = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar unknown rule" } Local.patterns = { [ "ASCII" ] = "^[ -~]*$", [ "ASCII+" ] = "^[ -~]+$", [ "ASCII+1" ] = "^[!-~]+$", [ "n" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*$", [ "n>0" ] = "^[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "N+" ] = "^[%-]?[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "N>0" ] = "^[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "x" ] = "^[0-9A-Fa-f]*$", [ "x+" ] = "^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$", [ "X" ] = "^[0-9A-F]*$", [ "X+" ] = "^[0-9A-F]+$", [ "0,0" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*,?[0-9]*$", [ "0,0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+,[0-9]+$", [ "0,0+?" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+,?[0-9]*$", [ "0.0" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*[%.]?[0-9]*$", [ "0.0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+%.[0-9]+$", [ "0.0+?" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+[%.]?[0-9]*$", [ ".0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*[%.]?[0-9]+$", [ "ID" ] = "^[A-Za-z]?[A-Za-z_0-9]*$", [ "ID+" ] = "^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z_0-9]*$", [ "ABC" ] = "^[A-Z]*$", [ "ABC+" ] = "^[A-Z]+$", [ "Abc" ] = "^[A-Z]*[a-z]*$", [ "Abc+" ] = "^[A-Z][a-z]+$", [ "abc" ] = "^[a-z]*$", [ "abc+" ] = "^[a-z]+$", [ "aBc+" ] = "^[a-z]+[A-Z][A-Za-z]*$", [ "w" ] = "^%S*$", [ "w+" ] = "^%S+$", [ "base64" ] = "^[A-Za-z0-9%+/]*$", [ "base64+" ] = "^[A-Za-z0-9%+/]+$", [ "aa" ] = "[%a%a].*[%a%a]", [ "pagename" ] = string.format( "^[^#<>%%[%%]|{}%c-%c%c]+$", 1, 31, 127 ), [ "ref" ] = string.format( "%c'%c`UNIQ%s%sref%s%s%sQINU`%c'%c", 127, 34, "%-", "%-", "%-", "%x+", "%-", 34, 127 ), [ "+" ] = "%S" } Local.boolean = { ["1"] = true, ["true"] = true, y = true, yes = true, on = true, ["0"] = true, ["false"] = true, ["-"] = true, n = true, no = true, off = true } Local.patternCJK = false local foreignModule = function ( access, advanced, append, alt, alert ) -- Fetch global module -- Precondition: -- access -- string, with name of base module -- advanced -- true, for require(); else mw.loadData() -- append -- string, with subpage part, if any; or false -- alt -- number, of wikidata item of root; or false -- alert -- true, for throwing error on data problem -- Postcondition: -- Returns whatever, probably table -- 2020-01-01 local storage = access local finer = function () if append then storage = string.format( "%s/%s", storage, append ) end end local fun, lucky, r, suited if advanced then fun = require else fun = mw.loadData end GlobalMod.globalModules = GlobalMod.globalModules or { } suited = GlobalMod.globalModules[ access ] if not suited then finer() lucky, r = pcall( fun, "Module:" .. storage ) end if not lucky then if not suited and type( alt ) == "number" and alt > 0 then suited = string.format( "Q%d", alt ) suited = mw.wikibase.getSitelink( suited ) GlobalMod.globalModules[ access ] = suited or true end if type( suited ) == "string" then storage = suited finer() lucky, r = pcall( fun, storage ) end if not lucky and alert then error( "Missing or invalid page: " .. storage ) end end return r end -- foreignModule() local function Foreign( access ) -- Access standardized library -- Precondition: -- access -- string, with name of base module -- Postcondition: -- Return library table, or not -- Uses: local r if Local[ access ] then r = Local[ access ] else local bib = foreignModule( access, true, false, TemplatePar.globals[ access ], false ) if type( bib ) == "table" and type( bib[ access ] ) == "function" then bib = bib[ access ]() if type( bib ) == "table" then r = bib Local[ access ] = bib end end end return r end -- Foreign() local function containsCJK( analyse ) -- Is any CJK character present? -- Precondition: -- analyse -- string -- Postcondition: -- Return false iff no CJK present -- Uses: -- >< Local.patternCJK -- mw.ustring.char() -- mw.ustring.match() local r = false if not Local.patternCJK then Local.patternCJK = mw.ustring.char( 91, 13312, 45, 40959, 131072, 45, 178207, 93 ) end if mw.ustring.match( analyse, Local.patternCJK ) then r = true end return r end -- containsCJK() local function facility( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible file name or other source page -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- file -- file+ -- file: -- file:+ -- image -- image+ -- image: -- image:+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:FileMedia -- Foreign() -- FileMedia.isFile() -- FileMedia.isType() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local FileMedia = Foreign( "FileMedia" ) if FileMedia and type( FileMedia.isFile ) == "function" and type( FileMedia.isType ) == "function" then local s, live = accept:match( "^([a-z]+)(:?)%+?$" ) if live then if FileMedia.isType( attempt, s ) then if FileMedia.isFile( attempt ) then r = false else r = "notFound" end else r = "invalid" end elseif FileMedia.isType( attempt, s ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:match( "%+$" ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- facility() local function factory( say ) -- Retrieve localized message string in content language -- Precondition: -- say -- string; message ID -- Postcondition: -- Return some message string -- Uses: -- > Local.messagePrefix -- > Local.L10nDef -- mw.message.new() -- mw.language.getContentLanguage() -- Module:Multilingual -- Foreign() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- Multilingual.tabData() local m = mw.message.new( Local.messagePrefix .. say ) local r = false if m:isBlank() then local c = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode() local l10n = Local.L10nDef[ c ] if l10n then r = l10n[ say ] else local MultiL = Foreign( "Multilingual" ) if MultiL and type( MultiL.tabData ) == "function" then local lang r, lang = MultiL.tabData( "I18n/Module:TemplatePar", say, false, TemplatePar.framing() ) end end if not r then r = Local.L10nDef.en[ say ] end else m:inLanguage( c ) r = m:plain() end if not r then r = string.format( "(((%s)))", say ) end return r end -- factory() local function faculty( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible boolean -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- boolean -- boolean+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:TemplUtl -- Foreign() -- TemplUtl.faculty() local r r = mw.text.trim( attempt ):lower() if r == "" then if accept == "boolean+" then r = "empty" else r = false end elseif Local.boolean[ r ] or r:match( "^[01%-]+$" ) then r = false else local TemplUtl = Foreign( "TemplUtl" ) if TemplUtl and type( TemplUtl.faculty ) == "function" then r = TemplUtl.faculty( r, "-" ) if r == "-" then r = "invalid" else r = false end else r = "invalid" end end return r end -- faculty() local function failure( spec, suspect, options ) -- Submit localized error message -- Precondition: -- spec -- string; message ID -- suspect -- string or nil; additional information -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.template -- Postcondition: -- Return string -- Uses: -- factory() local r = factory( spec ) if type( options ) == "table" then if type( options.template ) == "string" then if #options.template > 0 then r = string.format( "%s (%s)", r, options.template ) end end end if suspect then r = string.format( "%s: %s", r, suspect ) end return r end -- failure() local function fair( story, scan ) -- Test for match (possibly user-defined with syntax error) -- Precondition: -- story -- string; parameter value -- scan -- string; pattern -- Postcondition: -- Return nil, if not matching, else non-nil -- Uses: -- mw.ustring.match() return mw.ustring.match( story, scan ) end -- fair() local function familiar( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible language name or list -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- lang -- langs -- langW -- langsW -- lang+ -- langs+ -- langW+ -- langsW+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:Multilingual -- Foreign() -- Multilingual.isLang() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local MultiL = Foreign( "Multilingual" ) if MultiL and type( MultiL.isLang ) == "function" then local lazy = accept:find( "W", 1, true ) if accept:find( "s", 1, true ) then local group = mw.text.split( attempt, "%s+" ) r = false for i = 1, #group do if not MultiL.isLang( group[ i ], lazy ) then r = "invalid" break -- for i end end -- for i elseif MultiL.isLang( attempt, lazy ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- familiar() local function far( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible URL -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- url -- url+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:URLutil -- Foreign() -- URLutil.isWebURL() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local URLutil = Foreign( "URLutil" ) if URLutil and type( URLutil.isWebURL ) == "function" then if URLutil.isWebURL( attempt ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- far() local function fast( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible date or time -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- datetime -- datetime+ -- datetime/y -- datetime/y+ -- datetime/ym -- datetime/ym+ -- datetime/ymd -- datetime/ymd+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:DateTime -- Foreign() -- DateTime.DateTime() local r r = mw.text.trim( attempt ) if r == "" then if accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end else local DateTime = Foreign( "DateTime" ) if type( DateTime ) == "table" then local d = DateTime( attempt ) if type( d ) == "table" then if accept:find( "/", 1, true ) then r = "invalid" if accept:sub( 1, 10 ) == "datetime/y" then if d.year then r = false if accept:sub( 1, 11 ) == "datetime/ym" then if d.month then if accept:sub( 1, 12 ) == "datetime/ymd" then if not d.dom then r = "invalid" end end else r = "invalid" end end end end else r = false end else r = "invalid" end else r = "invalid" end end return r end -- fast() local function fault( store, key ) -- Add key to collection string and insert separator -- Precondition: -- store -- string or nil or false; collection string -- key -- string or number; to be appended -- Postcondition: -- Return string; extended local r local s if type( key ) == "number" then s = tostring( key ) else s = key end if store then r = string.format( "%s; %s", store, s ) else r = s end return r end -- fault() local function feasible( analyze, options, abbr ) -- Check content of a value -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.pattern -- options.key -- options.say -- abbr -- true: abbreviated error message -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- > Local.patterns -- failure() -- mw.text.trim() -- faculty() -- fast() -- facility() -- familiar() -- far() -- fair() -- containsCJK() local r = false local s = false local show = nil local scan = false local stuff = mw.text.trim( analyze ) if type( options.pattern ) == "string" then if options.key then r = failure( "dupRule", false, options ) else scan = options.pattern end else if type( options.key ) == "string" then s = mw.text.trim( options.key ) else s = "+" end if s ~= "*" then scan = Local.patterns[ s ] end if type( scan ) == "string" then if s == "n" or s == "0,0" or s == "0.0" then if not stuff:match( "[0-9]" ) and not stuff:match( "^%s*$" ) then scan = false if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", options.say ) end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( "invalid", show, options ) end end end elseif s ~= "*" then local op, n, plus = s:match( "([<!=>]=?)([-0-9][%S]*)(+?)" ) if op then n = tonumber( n ) if n then local i = tonumber( stuff ) if i then if op == "<" then i = ( i < n ) elseif op == "<=" then i = ( i <= n ) elseif op == ">" then i = ( i > n ) elseif op == ">=" then i = ( i >= n ) elseif op == "==" then i = ( i == n ) elseif op == "!=" then i = ( i ~= n ) else n = false end end if not i then r = "invalid" end elseif plus then r = "undefined" end elseif s:match( "^boolean%+?$" ) then r = faculty( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "^datetime/?y?m?d?%+?$" ) then r = fast( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "^image%+?:?$" ) or s:match( "^file%+?:?$" ) then r = facility( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "langs?W?%+?" ) then r = familiar( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "url%+?" ) then r = far( s, stuff ) n = true end -- datetime+ -- iso8631+ -- line+ if not n and not r then r = "unknownRule" end if r then if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot; %s", options.say, s ) else show = s end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( r, show, options ) end end end end if scan then local legal, got = pcall( fair, stuff, scan ) if legal then if not got then if s == "aa" then got = containsCJK( stuff ) end if not got then if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", options.say ) end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( "invalid", show, options ) end end end else r = failure( "badPattern", string.format( "%s *** %s", scan, got ), options ) end end return r end -- feasible() local function fed( haystack, needle ) -- Find needle in haystack map -- Precondition: -- haystack -- table; map of key values -- needle -- any; identifier -- Postcondition: -- Return true iff found local k, v, r for k, v in pairs( haystack ) do if k == needle then r = true end end -- for k, v return r or false end -- fed() local function fetch( light, options ) -- Return regular table with all parameters -- Precondition: -- light -- true: template transclusion; false: #invoke -- options -- table; optional details -- options.low -- Postcondition: -- Return table; whitespace-only values as false -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- frame:getParent() local g, k, v local r = { } if options.low then g = TemplatePar.downcase( options ) else g = TemplatePar.framing() if light then g = g:getParent() end g = g.args end if type( g ) == "table" then r = { } for k, v in pairs( g ) do if type( v ) == "string" then if v:match( "^%s*$" ) then v = false end else v = false end if type( k ) == "number" then k = tostring( k ) end r[ k ] = v end -- for k, v else r = g end return r end -- fetch() local function figure( append, options ) -- Extend options by rule from #invoke strings -- Precondition: -- append -- string or nil; requested rule -- options -- table; details -- ++ .key -- ++ .pattern -- Postcondition: -- Return sequence table local r = options if type( append ) == "string" then local story = mw.text.trim( append ) local sub = story:match( "^/(.*%S)/$" ) if type( sub ) == "string" then sub = sub:gsub( "%%!", "|" ) :gsub( "%%%(%(", "{{" ) :gsub( "%%%)%)", "}}" ) :gsub( "\\n", string.char( 10 ) ) options.pattern = sub options.key = nil else options.key = story options.pattern = nil end end return r end -- figure() local function fill( specified ) -- Split requirement string separated by '=' -- Precondition: -- specified -- string or nil; requested parameter set -- Postcondition: -- Return sequence table -- Uses: -- mw.text.split() local r if specified then local i, s r = mw.text.split( specified, "%s*=%s*" ) for i = #r, 1, -1 do s = r[ i ] if #s == 0 then table.remove( r, i ) end end -- for i, -1 else r = { } end return r end -- fill() local function finalize( submit, options ) -- Finalize message -- Precondition: -- submit -- string or false or nil; non-empty error message -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.format -- options.preview -- options.cat -- options.template -- Postcondition: -- Return string or false -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- factory() local r = false if submit then local lazy = false local learn = false local show = false local opt, s if type( options ) == "table" then opt = options show = opt.format lazy = ( show == "" or show == "0" or show == "-" ) s = opt.preview if type( s ) == "string" and s ~= "" and s ~= "0" and s ~= "-" then local sniffer = "{{REVISIONID}}" if lazy then show = "" lazy = false end if TemplatePar.framing():preprocess( sniffer ) == "" then if s == "1" then show = "*" else show = s end learn = true end end else opt = { } end if lazy then if not opt.cat then r = string.format( "%s %s", submit, factory( "noMSGnoCAT" ) ) end else r = submit end if r and not lazy then local i if not show or show == "*" then local e = mw.html.create( "span" ) :attr( "class", "error" ) :wikitext( "@@@" ) if learn then local max = 1000000000 local id = math.floor( os.clock() * max ) local sign = string.format( "error_%d", id ) local btn = mw.html.create( "span" ) local top = mw.html.create( "div" ) e:attr( "id", sign ) btn:css( { ["background"] = "#FFFF00", ["border"] = "#FF0000 3px solid", ["font-weight"] = "bold", ["padding"] = "2px", ["text-decoration"] = "none" } ) :wikitext( "&gt;&gt;&gt;" ) sign = string.format( "[[#%s|%s]]", sign, tostring( btn ) ) top:wikitext( sign, "&#160;", submit ) mw.addWarning( tostring( top ) ) end show = tostring( e ) end i = show:find( "@@@", 1, true ) if i then -- No gsub() since r might contain "%3" (e.g. URL) r = string.format( "%s%s%s", show:sub( 1, i - 1 ), r, show:sub( i + 3 ) ) else r = show end end if learn and r then -- r = fatal( r ) end s = opt.cat if type( s ) == "string" then local link if opt.errNS then local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace local st = type( opt.errNS ) if st == "string" then local space = string.format( ".*%%s%d%%s.*", ns ) local spaces = string.format( " %s ", opt.errNS ) if spaces:match( space ) then link = true end elseif st == "table" then for i = 1, #opt.errNS do if opt.errNS[ i ] == ns then link = true break -- for i end end -- for i end else link = true end if link then local cats, i if not r then r = "" end if s:find( "@@@" ) then if type( opt.template ) == "string" then s = s:gsub( "@@@", opt.template ) end end cats = mw.text.split( s, "%s*#%s*" ) for i = 1, #cats do s = mw.text.trim( cats[ i ] ) if #s > 0 then r = string.format( "%s[[Category:%s]]", r, s ) end end -- for i end end end return r end -- finalize() local function finder( haystack, needle ) -- Find needle in haystack sequence -- Precondition: -- haystack -- table; sequence of key names, downcased if low -- needle -- any; key name -- Postcondition: -- Return true iff found local i for i = 1, #haystack do if haystack[ i ] == needle then return true end end -- for i return false end -- finder() local function fix( valid, duty, got, options ) -- Perform parameter analysis -- Precondition: -- valid -- table; unique sequence of known parameters -- duty -- table; sequence of mandatory parameters -- got -- table; sequence of current parameters -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string as configured; empty if valid -- Uses: -- finder() -- fault() -- failure() -- fed() local r = false local lack for k, v in pairs( got ) do if k == "" then lack = true break -- for k, v elseif not finder( valid, k ) then r = fault( r, k ) end end -- for k, v if lack then r = failure( "unavailable", false, options ) elseif r then r = failure( "unknown", string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", r ), options ) else -- all names valid local i, s for i = 1, #duty do s = duty[ i ] if not fed( got, s ) then r = fault( r, s ) end end -- for i if r then r = failure( "undefined", r, options ) else -- all mandatory present for i = 1, #duty do s = duty[ i ] if not got[ s ] then r = fault( r, s ) end end -- for i if r then r = failure( "empty", r, options ) end end end return r end -- fix() local function flat( collection, options ) -- Return all table elements with downcased string -- Precondition: -- collection -- table; k=v pairs -- options -- table or nil; optional messaging details -- Postcondition: -- Return table, may be empty; or string with error message. -- Uses: -- mw.ustring.lower() -- fault() -- failure() local k, v local r = { } local e = false for k, v in pairs( collection ) do if type ( k ) == "string" then k = mw.ustring.lower( k ) if r[ k ] then e = fault( e, k ) end end r[ k ] = v end -- for k, v if e then r = failure( "multiSpell", e, options ) end return r end -- flat() local function fold( options ) -- Merge two tables, create new sequence if both not empty -- Precondition: -- options -- table; details -- options.mandatory sequence to keep unchanged -- options.optional sequence to be appended -- options.low downcased expected -- Postcondition: -- Return merged table, or message string if error -- Uses: -- finder() -- fault() -- failure() -- flat() local i, e, r, s local base = options.mandatory local extend = options.optional if #base == 0 then if #extend == 0 then r = { } else r = extend end else if #extend == 0 then r = base else e = false for i = 1, #extend do s = extend[ i ] if finder( base, s ) then e = fault( e, s ) end end -- for i if e then r = failure( "dupOpt", e, options ) else r = { } for i = 1, #base do table.insert( r, base[ i ] ) end -- for i for i = 1, #extend do table.insert( r, extend[ i ] ) end -- for i end end end if options.low and type( r ) == "table" then r = flat( r, options ) end return r end -- fold() local function form( light, options, frame ) -- Run parameter analysis on current environment -- Precondition: -- light -- true: template transclusion; false: #invoke -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.mandatory -- options.optional -- frame -- object; #invoke environment, or false -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- fold() -- fetch() -- fix() -- finalize() local duty, r if frame then TemplatePar.framing( frame ) end if type( options ) == "table" then if type( options.mandatory ) ~= "table" then options.mandatory = { } end duty = options.mandatory if type( options.optional ) ~= "table" then options.optional = { } end r = fold( options ) else options = { } duty = { } r = { } end if type( r ) == "table" then local got = fetch( light, options ) if type( got ) == "table" then r = fix( r, duty, got, options ) else r = got end end return finalize( r, options ) end -- form() local function format( analyze, options ) -- Check validity of a value -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.say -- options.min -- options.max -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- feasible() -- failure() local r = feasible( analyze, options, false ) local show if options.min and not r then if type( options.min ) == "number" then if type( options.max ) == "number" then if options.max < options.min then r = failure( "minmax", string.format( "%d > %d", options.min, options.max ), options ) end end if #analyze < options.min and not r then show = " <" .. options.min if options.say then show = string.format( "%s &quot;%s&quot;", show, options.say ) end r = failure( "tooShort", show, options ) end else r = failure( "invalidPar", "min", options ) end end if options.max and not r then if type( options.max ) == "number" then if #analyze > options.max then show = " >" .. options.max if options.say then show = string.format( "%s &quot;%s&quot;", show, options.say ) end r = failure( "tooLong", show, options ) end else r = failure( "invalidPar", "max", options ) end end return r end -- format() local function formatted( assignment, access, options ) -- Check validity of one particular parameter in a collection -- Precondition: -- assignment -- collection -- access -- id of parameter in collection -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- mw.text.trim() -- format() -- failure() local r = false if type( assignment ) == "table" then local story = assignment.args[ access ] or "" if type( access ) == "number" then story = mw.text.trim( story ) end if type( options ) ~= "table" then options = { } end options.say = access r = format( story, options ) end return r end -- formatted() local function furnish( frame, action ) -- Prepare #invoke evaluation of .assert() or .valid() -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- action -- "assert" or "valid" -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- form() -- failure() -- finalize() -- TemplatePar.valid() -- TemplatePar.assert() local options = { mandatory = { "1" }, optional = { "2", "cat", "errNS", "low", "max", "min", "format", "preview", "template" }, template = string.format( "&#35;invoke:%s|%s|", "TemplatePar", action ) } local r = form( false, options, frame ) if not r then local s options = { cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } options = figure( frame.args[ 2 ], options ) if type( frame.args.min ) == "string" then s = frame.args.min:match( "^%s*([0-9]+)%s*$" ) if s then options.min = tonumber( s ) else r = failure( "invalidPar", "min=" .. frame.args.min, options ) end end if type( frame.args.max ) == "string" then s = frame.args.max:match( "^%s*([1-9][0-9]*)%s*$" ) if s then options.max = tonumber( s ) else r = failure( "invalidPar", "max=" .. frame.args.max, options ) end end if r then r = finalize( r, options ) else s = frame.args[ 1 ] or "" r = tonumber( s ) if ( r ) then s = r end if action == "valid" then r = TemplatePar.valid( s, options ) elseif action == "assert" then r = TemplatePar.assert( s, "", options ) end end end return r or "" end -- furnish() TemplatePar.assert = function ( analyze, append, options ) -- Perform parameter analysis on a single string -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- append -- string: append error message, prepending <br /> -- false or nil: throw error with message -- options -- table; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- format() local r = format( analyze, options ) if ( r ) then if ( type( append ) == "string" ) then if ( append ~= "" ) then r = string.format( "%s<br /> %s", append, r ) end else error( r, 0 ) end end return r end -- TemplatePar.assert() TemplatePar.check = function ( options ) -- Run parameter analysis on current template environment -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.mandatory -- options.optional -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- form() return form( true, options, false ) end -- TemplatePar.check() TemplatePar.count = function () -- Return number of template parameters -- Postcondition: -- Return number, starting at 0 -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() local k, v local r = 0 local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() local o = t.args for k, v in pairs( o ) do r = r + 1 end -- for k, v return r end -- TemplatePar.count() TemplatePar.countNotEmpty = function () -- Return number of template parameters with more than whitespace -- Postcondition: -- Return number, starting at 0 -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() local k, v local r = 0 local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() local o = t.args for k, v in pairs( o ) do if not v:match( "^%s*$" ) then r = r + 1 end end -- for k, v return r end -- TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() TemplatePar.downcase = function ( options ) -- Return all template parameters with downcased name -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional messaging details -- Postcondition: -- Return table, may be empty; or string with error message. -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() -- flat() local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() return flat( t.args, options ) end -- TemplatePar.downcase() TemplatePar.valid = function ( access, options ) -- Check validity of one particular template parameter -- Precondition: -- access -- id of parameter in template transclusion -- string or number -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- mw.text.trim() -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- frame:getParent() -- formatted() -- failure() -- finalize() local r = type( access ) if r == "string" then r = mw.text.trim( access ) if #r == 0 then r = false end elseif r == "number" then r = access else r = false end if r then local params if type( options ) ~= "table" then options = { } end if options.low then params = TemplatePar.downcase( options ) else params = TemplatePar.framing():getParent() end r = formatted( params, access, options ) else r = failure( "noname", false, options ) end return finalize( r, options ) end -- TemplatePar.valid() TemplatePar.verify = function ( options ) -- Perform #invoke parameter analysis -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- form() return form( false, options, false ) end -- TemplatePar.verify() TemplatePar.framing = function( frame ) -- Ensure availability of frame object -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment, or false -- Postcondition: -- Return frame object -- Uses: -- >< Local.frame if not Local.frame then if type( frame ) == "table" and type( frame.args ) == "table" and type( frame.getParent ) == "function" and type( frame:getParent() ) == "table" and type( frame:getParent().getParent ) == "function" and type( frame:getParent():getParent() ) == "nil" then Local.frame = frame else Local.frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() end end return Local.frame end -- TemplatePar.framing() Failsafe.failsafe = function ( atleast ) -- Retrieve versioning and check for compliance -- Precondition: -- atleast -- string, with required version -- or wikidata|item|~|@ or false -- Postcondition: -- Returns string -- with queried version/item, also if problem -- false -- if appropriate -- 2020-08-17 local since = atleast local last = ( since == "~" ) local linked = ( since == "@" ) local link = ( since == "item" ) local r if last or link or linked or since == "wikidata" then local item = Failsafe.item since = false if type( item ) == "number" and item > 0 then local suited = string.format( "Q%d", item ) if link then r = suited else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity( suited ) if type( entity ) == "table" then local seek = Failsafe.serialProperty or "P348" local vsn = entity:formatPropertyValues( seek ) if type( vsn ) == "table" and type( vsn.value ) == "string" and vsn.value ~= "" then if last and vsn.value == Failsafe.serial then r = false elseif linked then if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText == mw.wikibase.getSitelink( suited ) then r = false else r = suited end else r = vsn.value end end end end end end if type( r ) == "nil" then if not since or since <= Failsafe.serial then r = Failsafe.serial else r = false end end return r end -- Failsafe.failsafe() -- Provide external access local p = {} function p.assert( frame ) -- Perform parameter analysis on some single string -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- furnish() return furnish( frame, "assert" ) end -- p.assert() function p.check( frame ) -- Check validity of template parameters -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- form() -- fill() local options = { optional = { "all", "opt", "cat", "errNS", "low", "format", "preview", "template" }, template = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar|check|" } local r = form( false, options, frame ) if not r then options = { mandatory = fill( frame.args.all ), optional = fill( frame.args.opt ), cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } r = form( true, options, frame ) end return r or "" end -- p.check() function p.count( frame ) -- Count number of template parameters -- Postcondition: -- Return string with digits including "0" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.count() return tostring( TemplatePar.count() ) end -- p.count() function p.countNotEmpty( frame ) -- Count number of template parameters which are not empty -- Postcondition: -- Return string with digits including "0" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() return tostring( TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() ) end -- p.countNotEmpty() function p.match( frame ) -- Combined analysis of parameters and their values -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- mw.text.trim() -- mw.ustring.lower() -- failure() -- form() -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- figure() -- feasible() -- fault() -- finalize() local r = false local options = { cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } local k, v, s local params = { } TemplatePar.framing( frame ) for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if type( k ) == "number" then s, v = v:match( "^ *([^=]+) *= *(%S.*%S*) *$" ) if s then s = mw.text.trim( s ) if s == "" then s = false end end if s then if options.low then s = mw.ustring.lower( s ) end if params[ s ] then s = params[ s ] s[ #s + 1 ] = v else params[ s ] = { v } end else r = failure( "invalidPar", tostring( k ), options ) break -- for k, v end end end -- for k, v if not r then s = { } for k, v in pairs( params ) do s[ #s + 1 ] = k end -- for k, v options.optional = s r = form( true, options, frame ) end if not r then local errMiss, errValues, lack, rule local targs = frame:getParent().args options.optional = nil if options.low then targs = TemplatePar.downcase() else targs = frame:getParent().args end errMiss = false errValues = false for k, v in pairs( params ) do options.say = k s = targs[ k ] if s then if s == "" then lack = true else lack = false end else s = "" lack = true end for r, rule in pairs( v ) do options = figure( rule, options ) r = feasible( s, options, true ) if r then if lack then if errMiss then s = "%s, &quot;%s&quot;" errMiss = string.format( s, errMiss, k ) else errMiss = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", k ) end elseif not errMiss then errValues = fault( errValues, r ) end break -- for r, rule end end -- for s, rule end -- for k, v r = ( errMiss or errValues ) if r then if errMiss then r = failure( "undefined", errMiss, options ) else r = failure( "invalid", errValues, options ) end r = finalize( r, options ) end end return r or "" end -- p.match() function p.valid( frame ) -- Check validity of one particular template parameter -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- furnish() return furnish( frame, "valid" ) end -- p.valid() p.failsafe = function ( frame ) -- Versioning interface local s = type( frame ) local since if s == "table" then since = frame.args[ 1 ] elseif s == "string" then since = frame end if since then since = mw.text.trim( since ) if since == "" then since = false end end return Failsafe.failsafe( since ) or "" end -- p.failsafe function p.TemplatePar() -- Retrieve function access for modules -- Postcondition: -- Return table with functions return TemplatePar end -- p.TemplatePar() setmetatable( p, { __call = function ( func, ... ) setmetatable( p, nil ) return Failsafe end } ) return p n3evr41wio7p64lr7pta9y22xioexxd 10 301330 1146923 2026-07-06T16:09:33Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « /* {{pp-template}} */ /* A safe image background that works for almost all images in dark mode (via skin-theme-clientpref-night) */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .dark_mode_safe img { background-color: var(--background-color-inverted, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; } } /* A safe image background that works for almost all images in dark mode (via operating system opt-in) */ @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.ski... » 1146923 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* A safe image background that works for almost all images in dark mode (via skin-theme-clientpref-night) */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .dark_mode_safe img { background-color: var(--background-color-inverted, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; } } /* A safe image background that works for almost all images in dark mode (via operating system opt-in) */ @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .dark_mode_safe img { background-color: var(--background-color-inverted, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; } } krqmx7oqllh55vrumsdfrou4b4v6pvf 10 301331 1146924 2026-07-06T16:12:31Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/><div class="plainlist {{{class|}}}" {{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{safesubst<noinclude />:#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} </div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|Category:Pages using plainlist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME... » 1146924 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/><div class="plainlist {{{class|}}}" {{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{safesubst<noinclude />:#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} </div>}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using plainlist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Plainlist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| class | style | indent | 1 }}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3dxfjhodv9m8vibb93y5xdv5zsvp5nu 10 301332 1146925 2026-07-06T16:14:34Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata |showMessage |qid={{{qid|}}} |pid={{{pid|}}} |nbsp={{{nbsp|}}} |{{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> » 1146925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata |showMessage |qid={{{qid|}}} |pid={{{pid|}}} |nbsp={{{nbsp|}}} |{{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k3dnbwgfi8ka45sgpcor4r8i5d2lmjb 828 301333 1146926 2026-07-06T16:16:30Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « -- Module to display an icon with a tooltip such as "Edit this at Wikidata" -- Icon will be linked to the Wikidata entry for the article where this is placed. -- This message is only displayed if a local_parameter is not supplied -- i.e. when called from a template, it can be coded not to display the message -- when a local parameter is in use, preventing the value form Wikidata being fetched. -- The qid of a Wikidata entry can optionally be supplied for test... » 1146926 Scribunto text/plain -- Module to display an icon with a tooltip such as "Edit this at Wikidata" -- Icon will be linked to the Wikidata entry for the article where this is placed. -- This message is only displayed if a local_parameter is not supplied -- i.e. when called from a template, it can be coded not to display the message -- when a local parameter is in use, preventing the value form Wikidata being fetched. -- The qid of a Wikidata entry can optionally be supplied for testing outside the article. -- Usage: -- {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata|showMessage|local_parameter}} -- {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata|showMessage|qid=<ArticleID|local_parameter}} local p = {} local i18n = { ["message"] = "Edit this at Wikidata" } p.showMessage = function(frame) -- There may be a local parameter supplied, if it's blank, set it to nil local local_parm = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if local_parm and (#local_parm == 0) then local_parm = nil end -- If there is a local parameter used, we don't want to display the message if local_parm then return nil end -- Can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article. -- This will not normally be used except for testing outside the article. local qid = frame.args.qid if qid and (#qid == 0) then qid = nil end -- The module can take a parameter pid= -- which will create a link to that property in the Wikidata entry for the article local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args.pid or "") -- Get the object containing all the claims for the article local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(qid) if entity then local thisQid if qid then thisQid = qid else thisQid = entity.id end local icon if propertyID then icon = " [[File:Blue pencil.svg |frameless |text-top |10px |alt=" .. i18n.message .. " |link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. thisQid .. "#" .. propertyID .. "|" .. i18n.message .. "]]" else icon = " [[File:Blue pencil.svg |frameless |text-top |10px |alt=" .. i18n.message .. " |link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. thisQid .. "|" .. i18n.message .. "]]" end return icon end end gr6ba06a19erkkyy47w8xussw70ytki 10 301334 1146927 2026-07-06T16:18:16Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{Chem molar mass/format |value={{#expr: (0) + (0{{{H|0}}} * 1.008) + (0{{{D|0}}} * 2.013553212745) + (0{{{Li|0}}} * 6.94) + (0{{{B|0}}} * 10.81) + (0{{{C|0}}} * 12.011) + (0{{{N|0}}} * 14.007) + (0{{{O|0}}} * 15.999) + (0{{{Mg|0}}} * 24.305) + (0{{{Si|0}}} * 28.085) + (0{{{S|0}}} * 32.06) + (0{{{Cl|0}}} * 35.45) + (0{{{Br|0}}} * 79.904) + (0{{{Tl|0}}} * 204.38) + (0{{{He|0}}} * 4.002602) + (0{{{Be|0}}} * 9.0121831) + (0{{{F|0}}} * 18.998403163) + (0{{... » 1146927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chem molar mass/format |value={{#expr: (0) + (0{{{H|0}}} * 1.008) + (0{{{D|0}}} * 2.013553212745) + (0{{{Li|0}}} * 6.94) + (0{{{B|0}}} * 10.81) + (0{{{C|0}}} * 12.011) + (0{{{N|0}}} * 14.007) + (0{{{O|0}}} * 15.999) + (0{{{Mg|0}}} * 24.305) + (0{{{Si|0}}} * 28.085) + (0{{{S|0}}} * 32.06) + (0{{{Cl|0}}} * 35.45) + (0{{{Br|0}}} * 79.904) + (0{{{Tl|0}}} * 204.38) + (0{{{He|0}}} * 4.002602) + (0{{{Be|0}}} * 9.0121831) + (0{{{F|0}}} * 18.998403163) + (0{{{Ne|0}}} * 20.1797) + (0{{{Na|0}}} * 22.98976928) + (0{{{Al|0}}} * 26.9815384) + (0{{{P|0}}} * 30.973761998) + (0{{{K|0}}} * 39.0983) + (0{{{Ar|0}}} * 39.948) + (0{{{Ca|0}}} * 40.078) + (0{{{Sc|0}}} * 44.955908) + (0{{{Ti|0}}} * 47.867) + (0{{{V|0}}} * 50.9415) + (0{{{Cr|0}}} * 51.9961) + (0{{{Mn|0}}} * 54.938043) + (0{{{Fe|0}}} * 55.845) + (0{{{Ni|0}}} * 58.6934) + (0{{{Co|0}}} * 58.933194) + (0{{{Cu|0}}} * 63.546) + (0{{{Zn|0}}} * 65.38) + (0{{{Ga|0}}} * 69.723) + (0{{{Ge|0}}} * 72.630) + (0{{{As|0}}} * 74.921595) + (0{{{Se|0}}} * 78.971) + (0{{{Kr|0}}} * 83.798) + (0{{{Rb|0}}} * 85.4678) + (0{{{Sr|0}}} * 87.62) + (0{{{Y|0}}} * 88.90584) + (0{{{Zr|0}}} * 91.224) + (0{{{Nb|0}}} * 92.90637) + (0{{{Mo|0}}} * 95.95) + (0{{{Ru|0}}} * 101.07) + (0{{{Rh|0}}} * 102.90549) + (0{{{Pd|0}}} * 106.42) + (0{{{Ag|0}}} * 107.8682) + (0{{{Cd|0}}} * 112.414) + (0{{{In|0}}} * 114.818) + (0{{{Sn|0}}} * 118.710) + (0{{{Sb|0}}} * 121.760) + (0{{{I|0}}} * 126.90447) + (0{{{Te|0}}} * 127.60) + (0{{{Xe|0}}} * 131.293) + (0{{{Cs|0}}} * 132.90545196) + (0{{{Ba|0}}} * 137.327) + (0{{{La|0}}} * 138.90547) + (0{{{Ce|0}}} * 140.116) + (0{{{Pr|0}}} * 140.90766) + (0{{{Nd|0}}} * 144.242) + (0{{{Sm|0}}} * 150.36) + (0{{{Eu|0}}} * 151.964) + (0{{{Gd|0}}} * 157.25) + (0{{{Tb|0}}} * 158.925354) + (0{{{Dy|0}}} * 162.500) + (0{{{Ho|0}}} * 164.930328) + (0{{{Er|0}}} * 167.259) + (0{{{Tm|0}}} * 168.934218) + (0{{{Yb|0}}} * 173.045) + (0{{{Lu|0}}} * 174.9668) + (0{{{Hf|0}}} * 178.49) + (0{{{Ta|0}}} * 180.94788) + (0{{{W|0}}} * 183.84) + (0{{{Re|0}}} * 186.207) + (0{{{Os|0}}} * 190.23) + (0{{{Ir|0}}} * 192.217) + (0{{{Pt|0}}} * 195.084) + (0{{{Au|0}}} * 196.966570) + (0{{{Hg|0}}} * 200.592) + (0{{{Pb|0}}} * 207.2) + (0{{{Bi|0}}} * 208.98040) + (0{{{Pa|0}}} * 231.03588) + (0{{{Th|0}}} * 232.0377) + (0{{{U|0}}} * 238.02891) + (0{{{Tc|0}}} * 98) + (0{{{Pm|0}}} * 145) + (0{{{Po|0}}} * 209) + (0{{{At|0}}} * 210) + (0{{{Rn|0}}} * 222) + (0{{{Fr|0}}} * 223) + (0{{{Ra|0}}} * 226) + (0{{{Ac|0}}} * 227) + (0{{{Np|0}}} * 237) + (0{{{Pu|0}}} * 244) + (0{{{Am|0}}} * 243) + (0{{{Cm|0}}} * 247) + (0{{{Bk|0}}} * 247) + (0{{{Cf|0}}} * 251) + (0{{{Es|0}}} * 252) + (0{{{Fm|0}}} * 257) + (0{{{Md|0}}} * 258) + (0{{{No|0}}} * 259) + (0{{{Lr|0}}} * 266) + (0{{{Rf|0}}} * 267) + (0{{{Db|0}}} * 268) + (0{{{Sg|0}}} * 269) + (0{{{Bh|0}}} * 270) + (0{{{Hs|0}}} * 270) + (0{{{Mt|0}}} * 278) + (0{{{Ds|0}}} * 281) + (0{{{Rg|0}}} * 282) + (0{{{Cn|0}}} * 285) + (0{{{Nh|0}}} * 286) + (0{{{Fl|0}}} * 289) + (0{{{Mc|0}}} * 290) + (0{{{Lv|0}}} * 293) + (0{{{Ts|0}}} * 294) + (0{{{Og|0}}} * 294) + ({{#if:{{{charge|}}}|{{Chem molar mass/calc charge|charge={{{charge|0}}} }}|0}}) }}<!-- end of value calculation #expr: other parameters for /format: --> |round =<!-- can be: yes, no, smart, number, blank rounding number can not and will not be greater than smart (=smart number of decimals) -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{{round|smart}}}}} |yes=yes<!-- min(2, smart) --> |no=no<!-- smart --> ||default|smart = smart |#default={{Ifnumber|{{{round|no}}}|{{formatnum:{{{round|0}}}|R}}|smart}}<!-- when number; min(number, smart) --> }} | smart_round = {{#if: {{{Tc|}}}{{{Pm|}}}{{{Po|}}}{{{At|}}}{{{Rn|}}}{{{Fr|}}}{{{Ra|}}}{{{Ac|}}}{{{Np|}}}{{{Pu|}}}{{{Am|}}}{{{Cm|}}}{{{Bk|}}}{{{Cf|}}}{{{Es|}}}{{{Fm|}}}{{{Md|}}}{{{No|}}}{{{Lr|}}}{{{Rf|}}}{{{Db|}}}{{{Sg|}}}{{{Bh|}}}{{{Hs|}}}{{{Mt|}}}{{{Ds|}}}{{{Rg|}}}{{{Cn|}}}{{{Nh|}}}{{{Fl|}}}{{{Mc|}}}{{{Lv|}}}{{{Ts|}}}{{{Og|}}} | 0 | {{#if:{{{Pb|}}} | 1 | {{#if:{{{Li|}}}{{{B|}}}{{{S|}}}{{{Cl|}}}{{{Tl|}}}{{{Zn|}}}{{{Sr|}}}{{{Mo|}}}{{{Ru|}}}{{{Pd|}}}{{{Te|}}}{{{Sm|}}}{{{Gd|}}}{{{Hf|}}}{{{W|}}}{{{Os|}}} | 2 | {{#if:{{{H|}}}{{{C|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{Mg|}}}{{{Si|}}}{{{Br|}}}{{{Ar|}}}{{{Ca|}}}{{{Ti|}}}{{{Fe|}}}{{{Cu|}}}{{{Ga|}}}{{{Ge|}}}{{{Se|}}}{{{Kr|}}}{{{Zr|}}}{{{Cd|}}}{{{In|}}}{{{Sn|}}}{{{Sb|}}}{{{Xe|}}}{{{Ba|}}}{{{Ce|}}}{{{Nd|}}}{{{Eu|}}}{{{Dy|}}}{{{Er|}}}{{{Yb|}}}{{{Re|}}}{{{Ir|}}}{{{Pt|}}}{{{Hg|}}} | 3 | {{#if:{{{Ne|}}}{{{K|}}}{{{V|}}}{{{Cr|}}}{{{Ni|}}}{{{Rb|}}}{{{Ag|}}}{{{Lu|}}}{{{Th|}}} | 4 | {{#if:{{{Y|}}}{{{Nb|}}}{{{Rh|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{La|}}}{{{Pr|}}}{{{Ta|}}}{{{Bi|}}}{{{Pa|}}}{{{U|}}} | 5 | {{#if:{{{Sc|}}}{{{Mn|}}}{{{Co|}}}{{{As|}}}{{{Au|}}}{{{He|}}}{{{Tb|}}}{{{Ho|}}}{{{Tm|}}} | 6 | {{#if:{{{Be|}}}{{{Al|}}} | 7 | {{#if:{{{Cs|}}}{{{Na|}}} | 8 | {{#if:{{{P|}}}{{{F|}}} | 9 | {{#if:{{{D|}}} | 11<!-- 11 because uncertainty=(40) --> | {{#if:{{{charge|}}} | 15 | 0 <!-- when no atoms/charges are entered at all; should not occur, will return blank -->}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}<!-- end of smart rounding number --> | unit = {{{unit|}}} | ref = {{{ref|}}} | comment = {{{comment|}}} | fixed = {{{fixed|}}} | sortable= {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{sortable|no}}}}}|yes|yes|no}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Chem molar mass with unsupported parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |preview = Page using [[Template:Chem molar mass]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |ignoreblank=y |fixed|unit|round|ref|comment|sortable|charge <!--Period 1-->| H| D|He <!--Period 2-->| Li| Be| B| C| N| O| F| Ne <!--Period 3-->| Na| Mg| Al| Si| P| S| Cl| Ar <!--Period 4-->| K| Ca| Sc| Ti| V| Cr| Mn| Fe| Co| Ni| Cu| Zn| Ga| Ge| As| Se| Br| Kr <!--Period 5-->| Rb| Sr| Y| Zr| Nb| Mo| Tc| Ru| Rh| Pd| Ag| Cd| In| Sn| Sb| Te| I| Xe <!--Period 6-->| Cs| Ba| La| Ce| Pr| Nd| Pm| Sm| Eu| Gd| Tb| Dy| Ho| Er| Tm| Yb| Lu| Hf| Ta| W| Re| Os| Ir| Pt| Au| Hg| Tl| Pb| Bi| Po| At| Rn <!--Period 7-->| Fr| Ra| Ac| Th| Pa| U| Np| Pu| Am| Cm| Bk| Cf| Es| Fm| Md| No| Lr| Rf| Db| Sg| Bh| Hs| Mt| Ds| Rg| Cn| Nh| Fl| Mc| Lv| Ts| Og <!--Period 8 not yet: Uue Ubn Ubu Ubb. Total: 118 elements+D --> }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> fxyc4stby17g7r02q79a3bp1vda2i5l 10 301335 1146928 2026-07-06T16:18:55Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{value|}}}>0|[[Category:Chem-molar-mass both hardcoded and calculated]]}}}}{{#iferror:{{{value|}}}<!-- iferror: true -->|{{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|<!-- error in fixed, return as is: -->{{{fixed|}}}|<!-- error is in calculation: --><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;''Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Molar mass#Cannot calculate molar mass|<span title="Cannot calculate molar mass from chemical formula)... » 1146928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{value|}}}>0|[[Category:Chem-molar-mass both hardcoded and calculated]]}}}}{{#iferror:{{{value|}}}<!-- iferror: true -->|{{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|<!-- error in fixed, return as is: -->{{{fixed|}}}|<!-- error is in calculation: --><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Molar mass#Cannot calculate molar mass|<span title="Cannot calculate molar mass from chemical formula)">cannot calculate</span>]]''&#93;</sup>}}{{main other|[[Category:Articles with erroneous molar mass calculations]]}}<!-- iferror:false prefix: hidden sortkey ntsh buggy: this way, sorted is the non-rounded value... -->|{{#ifeq:{{{sortable|no}}}|yes|{{ntsh|1={{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|{{#invoke:String|match|s={{{fixed|}}} |pattern=^[%d%.%-%−]+ |plain=false |nomatch={{{fixed|0}}}}} |{{{value|0}}} }} |debug=no<!-- set to =yes to test/show the hidden key -->}} }}<!-- round the value: parameter round can be: yes, no, smart, number. rounding number cannot be greater than smart (=smart number of decimals), so use min(,). smart number cannot be empty, but is covered with "|2" here -->{{#if:{{{fixed|}}}|{{{fixed|}}}| {{#ifexpr:{{{value|0}}}=0|<!-- no input, no value output -->|{{val|{{#invoke:math|precision_format |{{{value|0}}} |{{#switch:{{{round|smart}}} |yes={{min|2|{{{smart_round|2}}}}}<!-- min(2, smart) --> |no={{{smart_round|2}}}<!-- smart --> ||default|smart={{{smart_round|2}}} |#default={{min|{{{round|0}}}|{{{smart_round|2}}}}}<!-- when number; min(number, smart) -->}} }} }} }} }}<!-- iferror: close -->}}<!-- suffix: if sort=no then add unit -->{{#ifexpr:{{{value|0}}}=0||{{#ifeq:|{{{sortable|unk}}}|no|&nbsp;{{#if:{{{unit|}}} |{{{unit|}}}|g·mol⁻¹}}}}}}<!-- suffixes, will always show: -->{{{ref|}}}{{#if:{{{comment|}}}|&#x20;{{{comment|}}}}}<!-- -xxx-> <small>(debug:smart_round={{{smart_round|(blank)}}})</small><!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1=Template:Chem molar mass/doc}}</noinclude> 3kp9adahih461y1ni13ib39nl1bots0 10 301336 1146929 2026-07-06T16:19:56Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « ^{<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|correct |&nbsp;{{tick|7}} |&nbsp;{{xmark|7}}{{main other |[[Category:Articles with changed InChI identifier{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|changed||{{!}}?}}]] }}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|}}}}} |=|chemspider=|??= |#default=&#91;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}]]&#93;}}<!-- -->}{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}blah|blah|[[Category:Chembox and Drugbox articles with a broken CheMoBot template]]}}<noinclud... » 1146929 wikitext text/x-wiki ^{<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|correct |&nbsp;{{tick|7}} |&nbsp;{{xmark|7}}{{main other |[[Category:Articles with changed InChI identifier{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|changed||{{!}}?}}]] }}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|}}}}} |=|chemspider=|??= |#default=&#91;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}]]&#93;}}<!-- -->}{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}blah|blah|[[Category:Chembox and Drugbox articles with a broken CheMoBot template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6ynkykr8lgym19hmb8cbulnm1c2vxbi 10 301337 1146930 2026-07-06T16:20:56Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |red |rd |r =File:X mark.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Dark red x.svg |orange |or |o =File:Orange x.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Dark yellow x.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black x.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack x.svg <!--default--> |File:X mark.svg }}|{{Str number/trim|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}}}p... » 1146930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |red |rd |r =File:X mark.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Dark red x.svg |orange |or |o =File:Orange x.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Dark yellow x.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black x.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack x.svg <!--default--> |File:X mark.svg }}|{{Str number/trim|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}}}px|link=|alt=X mark]]<span style="display:none">N</span><!--template:Xmark--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> sd3aqqs8gt0qmczkrbxij4ncdecopcr 0 301338 1146931 2026-07-06T16:21:46Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n9 w1150 (2).jpg|vignette|356x356px|''Nanuza plicata'']] Ny '''''Nanuza''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay natsangana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1976. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Brezila]] io antokon-javamairy io. == Liaitry ny karazana == * ''Nanuza almeidae'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza luetzelburgii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza plicata'' <small>(Mart.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> (← ''Vellozia plicata'', ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata, Xerophyta triquetra'') == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' d3ggppz1i0t2rzbn7cj7676mv8b5l4p 1146949 1146931 2026-07-06T17:33:39Z Thelezifor 15140 /* Jereo koa */ 1146949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n9 w1150 (2).jpg|vignette|356x356px|''Nanuza plicata'']] Ny '''''Nanuza''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay natsangana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1976. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Brezila]] io antokon-javamairy io. == Liaitry ny karazana == * ''Nanuza almeidae'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza luetzelburgii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza plicata'' <small>(Mart.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> (← ''Vellozia plicata'', ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata, Xerophyta triquetra'') == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' bu3nb89w4q1b58r6ep3jfjc0z0rdn07 1146962 1146949 2026-07-06T18:53:48Z Thelezifor 15140 1146962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n9 w1150 (2).jpg|vignette|356x356px|''Nanuza plicata'']] Ny '''''Nanuza''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay natsangana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1976. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Brezila]] io antokon-javamairy io. == Liaitry ny karazana == * ''Nanuza almeidae'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza luetzelburgii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza plicata'' <small>(Mart.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> (← ''Vellozia plicata'', ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata, Xerophyta triquetra'') == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' ktc4xbhvwbnde968woakluo23q73avy 1146963 1146962 2026-07-06T18:54:00Z Thelezifor 15140 /* Jereo koa */ 1146963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n9 w1150 (2).jpg|vignette|356x356px|''Nanuza plicata'']] Ny '''''Nanuza''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay natsangana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1976. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Brezila]] io antokon-javamairy io. == Liaitry ny karazana == * ''Nanuza almeidae'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza luetzelburgii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Nanuza plicata'' <small>(Mart.) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> (← ''Vellozia plicata'', ''Xerophyta'' ''plicata, Xerophyta triquetra'') == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' kfcfb58sht4ln0rwtbbh913875pty6h 10 301339 1146932 2026-07-06T16:21:52Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =File:Yes check.svg |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =File:Light green check.svg |red |rd |r =File:Red check.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg |pink |pnk |pk =File:Pink check.svg |orange |or |o =File:Check.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Yellow check.s... » 1146932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =File:Yes check.svg |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =File:Light green check.svg |red |rd |r =File:Red check.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg |pink |pnk |pk =File:Pink check.svg |orange |or |o =File:Check.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Yellow check.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black check.svg |blue |blu |u =File:Check-blue.svg |lightblue |lblue |lblu |lb =File:Cornflower blue check.svg |cyan |cy |c =File:B-check.svg |purple |pur |pu =File:Purple check.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack v.svg |brown |brn |bn =File:Brown check.svg <!--default--> |File:Yes check.svg }}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{Str number/trim|{{{1}}}}}|20}}px|link=|alt={{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|check}}]]<span style="display:none">Y</span><!--template:tick--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4y5n5eof1r959mn4xf1un5kmer0dn4j 1146933 1146932 2026-07-06T16:24:25Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 1146933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =File:Yes check.svg|20px |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =File:Light green check.svg|20px |red |rd |r =File:Red check.svg|20px |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg|20px |pink |pnk |pk =File:Pink check.svg|20px |orange |or |o =File:Check.svg|20px |yellow |yel |y =File:Yellow check.svg|20px |black |blk |k =File:Black check.svg|20px |blue |blu |u =File:Check-blue.svg|20px |lightblue |lblue |lblu |lb =File:Cornflower blue check.svg|20px |cyan |cy |c =File:B-check.svg|20px |purple |pur |pu =File:Purple check.svg|20px |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack v.svg|20px |brown |brn |bn =File:Brown check.svg|20px <!--default--> |File:Yes check.svg|20px }}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{Str number/trim|{{{1}}}}}|20}}px|link=|alt={{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|check}}]]<span style="display:none">Y</span><!--template:tick--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 27a80dipsko592e7ze1gh5rxdxf3wkx 1146935 1146933 2026-07-06T16:29:03Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 1146935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =20px|File:Yes check.svg |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =20px|File:Light green check.svg |red |rd |r =20px|File:Red check.svg|20px |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =20px|File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg |pink |pnk |pk =20px|File:Pink check.svg |orange |or |o =20px|File:Check.svg |yellow |yel |y =20px|File:Yellow check.svg |black |blk |k =20px|File:Black check.svg |blue |blu |u =20px|File:Check-blue.svg |lightblue |lblue |lblu |lb =20px|File:Cornflower blue check.svg |cyan |cy |c =20px|File:B-check.svg |purple |pur |pu =20px|File:Purple check.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =20px|File:SemiTransBlack v.svg |brown |brn |bn =20px|File:Brown check.svg <!--default--> |20px|File:Yes check.svg }}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{Str number/trim|{{{1}}}}}|20}}px|link=|alt={{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|check}}]]<span style="display:none">Y</span><!--template:tick--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fb5lmxbt7c90ip5ongt0v59e28uln11 1146937 1146935 2026-07-06T16:30:05Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 1146937 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =File:Yes check.svg |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =File:Light green check.svg |red |rd |r =File:Red check.svg|20px |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg |pink |pnk |pk =File:Pink check.svg |orange |or |o =File:Check.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Yellow check.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black check.svg |blue |blu |u =File:Check-blue.svg |lightblue |lblue |lblu |lb =File:Cornflower blue check.svg |cyan |cy |c =File:B-check.svg |purple |pur |pu =File:Purple check.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack v.svg |brown |brn |bn =File:Brown check.svg <!--default--> |File:Yes check.svg }}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{Str number/trim|{{{1}}}}}|20}}px|link=|alt={{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|check}}]]<span style="display:none">Y</span><!--template:tick--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> goj0ozannnktvmnp0i4sf2q7kgx8cwp 10 301340 1146934 2026-07-06T16:26:27Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1}}}|^%d*|ignore_errors=true}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> » 1146934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1}}}|^%d*|ignore_errors=true}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6uvyf0id6y3oxzmtxrw3akau6ajubki 0 301341 1146936 2026-07-06T16:29:52Z Fiavi14 40094 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto Madagasikara, any amin'ny Faritra Analamanga sy Alaotra-Mangoro. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano.<ref>https://bngrc.gov.mg/effondrement-des-digues-d... » 1146936 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto Madagasikara, any amin'ny Faritra Analamanga sy Alaotra-Mangoro. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano.<ref>https://bngrc.gov.mg/effondrement-des-digues-de-la-riviere-imamba-dans-la-region-dantananarivo-avaradrano/</ref> <nowiki>== Toetoetra ==</nowiki> Ny reniranon'i Imamba dia mikoriana mamakivaky faritra maro ao afovoan'i Madagasikara. Misy fefiloha sy fotodrafitrasa fanaraha-maso ny rano amin'ny faritra sasany mba hiarovana ireo tanàna sy tany fambolena amin'ny fiakaran'ny rano mandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny orana. Na izany aza, rehefa misy rotsak'orana mahery sy mitohy dia mety hihoatra ny fefiny ny rano ka hiteraka tondra-drano amin'ireo faritra iva. <nowiki>== Anjara toerany ==</nowiki> Zava-dehibe amin'ny toe-karena eny ifotony ny reniranon'i Imamba. Ny ranony dia ampiasaina amin'ny fanondrahana voly, indrindra ny tanimbary, ary manampy amin'ny famatsian-drano ho an'ny mponina sy ny fiompiana. Manana anjara toerana amin'ny fitandroana ny tontolo iainana ihany koa izy, satria fonenan'ny zavamananaina sy zavamaniry isan-karazany. <nowiki>== Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 ==</nowiki> Tamin'ny volana Martsa 2025, taorian'ny rotsak'orana be nandritra ny alina, dia vaky ny fefiloha telo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba, ka niteraka tondra-drano tamin'ireo faritra iva ao amin'ny kaominina Sabotsy Namehana sy Ankadikely Ilafy. Niditra tao an-tranon'olona ny rano ka voatery nifindra vonjimaika tany amin'ny toerana avo kokoa ny mponina sasany. Taorian'ny nahafantaran'ny tompon'andraikitra ny zava-nitranga dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Foibe Fiarovana Sivily (CPC) sy ny Corps de Sapeurs-Pompiers d'Antananarivo (CSPA), izay nampiasa sambo haingam-pandeha namonjena ireo olona mbola voahodidin'ny rano. Ny Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) no nandrindra ny asa famonjena niaraka tamin'ny kaominina sy ireo tompon'andraikitra eny ifotony. Araka ny tatitra navoakan'ny BNGRC, fianakaviana miisa 29 (olona 109) avy amin'ny fokontany Botona, Tsarafara ary Ambohidrano ao Sabotsy Namehana no nafindra vonjimaika tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Tsarafara. Tao amin'ny kaominina Ankadikely Ilafy kosa, fianakaviana 48 (olona 216) avy ao Andranomena no nampiantranoina tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Ankadikely Ilafy. Nisy olona 25 tsy nety nandao ny tranony noho ny tahotra sao misy hangalatra ny fananany. Nokasaina hafindra any amin'ny toby lay natsangan'ny BNGRC ireo traboina raha mbola tsy azo niverenana ny trano fonenany. Ity tranga ity dia anisan'ireo tondra-drano lehibe nitranga teo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ary nampiseho ny maha-zava-dehibe ny fikojakojana ny fefiloha sy ny fanamafisana ny rafitra fiarovana amin'ny tondra-drano. <nowiki>== Jereo koa ==</nowiki> * Reniranon'i Ikopa * Tondra-drano eto Madagasikara * Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) <nowiki>== Tsiahy ==</nowiki> * BNGRC, tatitra momba ny tondra-drano tamin'ny Martsa 2025. * ''Newsmada'', « Le fleuve Imamba sort de son lit : plusieurs localités de Sabotsy Namehana sous l'eau », 15 Martsa 2025. mb91e2nxenakl6rmwd0c8fwl7aebgxl 1146939 1146936 2026-07-06T16:31:31Z Fiavi14 40094 lahatsoratra vaovao 1146939 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto Madagasikara, any amin'ny Faritra Analamanga sy Alaotra-Mangoro. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano. == Toetoetra == Ny reniranon'i Imamba dia mikoriana mamakivaky faritra maro ao afovoan'i Madagasikara. Misy fefiloha sy fotodrafitrasa fanaraha-maso ny rano amin'ny faritra sasany mba hiarovana ireo tanàna sy tany fambolena amin'ny fiakaran'ny rano mandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny orana. Na izany aza, rehefa misy rotsak'orana mahery sy mitohy dia mety hihoatra ny fefiny ny rano ka hiteraka tondra-drano amin'ireo faritra iva. Zava-dehibe amin'ny toe-karena eny ifotony ny reniranon'i Imamba. Ny ranony dia ampiasaina amin'ny fanondrahana voly, indrindra ny tanimbary, ary manampy amin'ny famatsian-drano ho an'ny mponina sy ny fiompiana. Manana anjara toerana amin'ny fitandroana ny tontolo iainana ihany koa izy, satria fonenan'ny zavamananaina sy zavamaniry isan-karazany. == Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 == Tamin'ny volana Martsa 2025, taorian'ny rotsak'orana be nandritra ny alina, dia vaky ny fefiloha telo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba, ka niteraka tondra-drano tamin'ireo faritra iva ao amin'ny kaominina Sabotsy Namehana sy Ankadikely Ilafy. Niditra tao an-tranon'olona ny rano ka voatery nifindra vonjimaika tany amin'ny toerana avo kokoa ny mponina sasany. Taorian'ny nahafantaran'ny tompon'andraikitra ny zava-nitranga dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Foibe Fiarovana Sivily (CPC) sy ny Corps de Sapeurs-Pompiers d'Antananarivo (CSPA), izay nampiasa sambo haingam-pandeha namonjena ireo olona mbola voahodidin'ny rano. Ny Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) no nandrindra ny asa famonjena niaraka tamin'ny kaominina sy ireo tompon'andraikitra eny ifotony. Araka ny tatitra navoakan'ny BNGRC, fianakaviana miisa 29 (olona 109) avy amin'ny fokontany Botona, Tsarafara ary Ambohidrano ao Sabotsy Namehana no nafindra vonjimaika tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Tsarafara. Tao amin'ny kaominina Ankadikely Ilafy kosa, fianakaviana 48 (olona 216) avy ao Andranomena no nampiantranoina tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Ankadikely Ilafy. Nisy olona 25 tsy nety nandao ny tranony noho ny tahotra sao misy hangalatra ny fananany. Nokasaina hafindra any amin'ny toby lay natsangan'ny BNGRC ireo traboina raha mbola tsy azo niverenana ny trano fonenany. Ity tranga ity dia anisan'ireo tondra-drano lehibe nitranga teo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ary nampiseho ny maha-zava-dehibe ny fikojakojana ny fefiloha sy ny fanamafisana ny rafitra fiarovana amin'ny tondra-drano. == Jereo koa == * Reniranon'i Ikopa * Tondra-drano eto Madagasikara * Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) == Tsiahy == * BNGRC, tatitra momba ny tondra-drano tamin'ny Martsa 2025. * ''Newsmada'', « Le fleuve Imamba sort de son lit : plusieurs localités de Sabotsy Namehana sous l'eau », 15 Martsa 2025. sp7kn2n3jhwomgs44eeohfz2dk9pmu5 1146941 1146939 2026-07-06T16:32:02Z Fiavi14 40094 1146941 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto [[Madagasikara]], any amin'ny [[Faritra Analamanga]] sy [[Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro|Alaotra-Mangor]]<nowiki/>o. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano. == Toetoetra == Ny reniranon'i Imamba dia mikoriana mamakivaky faritra maro ao afovoan'i Madagasikara. Misy fefiloha sy fotodrafitrasa fanaraha-maso ny rano amin'ny faritra sasany mba hiarovana ireo tanàna sy tany fambolena amin'ny fiakaran'ny rano mandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny orana. Na izany aza, rehefa misy rotsak'orana mahery sy mitohy dia mety hihoatra ny fefiny ny rano ka hiteraka tondra-drano amin'ireo faritra iva. Zava-dehibe amin'ny toe-karena eny ifotony ny reniranon'i Imamba. Ny ranony dia ampiasaina amin'ny fanondrahana voly, indrindra ny tanimbary, ary manampy amin'ny famatsian-drano ho an'ny mponina sy ny fiompiana. Manana anjara toerana amin'ny fitandroana ny tontolo iainana ihany koa izy, satria fonenan'ny zavamananaina sy zavamaniry isan-karazany. == Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 == Tamin'ny volana Martsa 2025, taorian'ny rotsak'orana be nandritra ny alina, dia vaky ny fefiloha telo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba, ka niteraka tondra-drano tamin'ireo faritra iva ao amin'ny kaominina Sabotsy Namehana sy Ankadikely Ilafy. Niditra tao an-tranon'olona ny rano ka voatery nifindra vonjimaika tany amin'ny toerana avo kokoa ny mponina sasany. Taorian'ny nahafantaran'ny tompon'andraikitra ny zava-nitranga dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Foibe Fiarovana Sivily (CPC) sy ny Corps de Sapeurs-Pompiers d'Antananarivo (CSPA), izay nampiasa sambo haingam-pandeha namonjena ireo olona mbola voahodidin'ny rano. Ny Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) no nandrindra ny asa famonjena niaraka tamin'ny kaominina sy ireo tompon'andraikitra eny ifotony. Araka ny tatitra navoakan'ny BNGRC, fianakaviana miisa 29 (olona 109) avy amin'ny fokontany Botona, Tsarafara ary Ambohidrano ao Sabotsy Namehana no nafindra vonjimaika tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Tsarafara. Tao amin'ny kaominina Ankadikely Ilafy kosa, fianakaviana 48 (olona 216) avy ao Andranomena no nampiantranoina tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Ankadikely Ilafy. Nisy olona 25 tsy nety nandao ny tranony noho ny tahotra sao misy hangalatra ny fananany. Nokasaina hafindra any amin'ny toby lay natsangan'ny BNGRC ireo traboina raha mbola tsy azo niverenana ny trano fonenany. Ity tranga ity dia anisan'ireo tondra-drano lehibe nitranga teo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ary nampiseho ny maha-zava-dehibe ny fikojakojana ny fefiloha sy ny fanamafisana ny rafitra fiarovana amin'ny tondra-drano. == Jereo koa == * Reniranon'i Ikopa * Tondra-drano eto Madagasikara * Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) == Tsiahy == * BNGRC, tatitra momba ny tondra-drano tamin'ny Martsa 2025. * ''Newsmada'', « Le fleuve Imamba sort de son lit : plusieurs localités de Sabotsy Namehana sous l'eau », 15 Martsa 2025. i64jmwv6d5dy0rs353ifmpip5you5y6 1146942 1146941 2026-07-06T16:32:28Z Fiavi14 40094 /* Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 */ 1146942 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto [[Madagasikara]], any amin'ny [[Faritra Analamanga]] sy [[Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro|Alaotra-Mangor]]<nowiki/>o. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano. == Toetoetra == Ny reniranon'i Imamba dia mikoriana mamakivaky faritra maro ao afovoan'i Madagasikara. Misy fefiloha sy fotodrafitrasa fanaraha-maso ny rano amin'ny faritra sasany mba hiarovana ireo tanàna sy tany fambolena amin'ny fiakaran'ny rano mandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny orana. Na izany aza, rehefa misy rotsak'orana mahery sy mitohy dia mety hihoatra ny fefiny ny rano ka hiteraka tondra-drano amin'ireo faritra iva. Zava-dehibe amin'ny toe-karena eny ifotony ny reniranon'i Imamba. Ny ranony dia ampiasaina amin'ny fanondrahana voly, indrindra ny tanimbary, ary manampy amin'ny famatsian-drano ho an'ny mponina sy ny fiompiana. Manana anjara toerana amin'ny fitandroana ny tontolo iainana ihany koa izy, satria fonenan'ny zavamananaina sy zavamaniry isan-karazany. == Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 == Tamin'ny volana Martsa 2025, taorian'ny rotsak'orana be nandritra ny alina, dia vaky ny fefiloha telo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba, ka niteraka tondra-drano tamin'ireo faritra iva ao amin'ny kaominina Sabotsy Namehana sy Ankadikely Ilafy. Niditra tao an-tranon'olona ny rano ka voatery nifindra vonjimaika tany amin'ny toerana avo kokoa ny mponina sasany <ref>https://bngrc.gov.mg/effondrement-des-digues-de-la-riviere-imamba-dans-la-region-dantananarivo-avaradrano/</ref>. Taorian'ny nahafantaran'ny tompon'andraikitra ny zava-nitranga dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Foibe Fiarovana Sivily (CPC) sy ny Corps de Sapeurs-Pompiers d'Antananarivo (CSPA), izay nampiasa sambo haingam-pandeha namonjena ireo olona mbola voahodidin'ny rano. Ny Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) no nandrindra ny asa famonjena niaraka tamin'ny kaominina sy ireo tompon'andraikitra eny ifotony. Araka ny tatitra navoakan'ny BNGRC, fianakaviana miisa 29 (olona 109) avy amin'ny fokontany Botona, Tsarafara ary Ambohidrano ao Sabotsy Namehana no nafindra vonjimaika tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Tsarafara. Tao amin'ny kaominina Ankadikely Ilafy kosa, fianakaviana 48 (olona 216) avy ao Andranomena no nampiantranoina tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Ankadikely Ilafy. Nisy olona 25 tsy nety nandao ny tranony noho ny tahotra sao misy hangalatra ny fananany. Nokasaina hafindra any amin'ny toby lay natsangan'ny BNGRC ireo traboina raha mbola tsy azo niverenana ny trano fonenany. Ity tranga ity dia anisan'ireo tondra-drano lehibe nitranga teo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ary nampiseho ny maha-zava-dehibe ny fikojakojana ny fefiloha sy ny fanamafisana ny rafitra fiarovana amin'ny tondra-drano. == Jereo koa == * Reniranon'i Ikopa * Tondra-drano eto Madagasikara * Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) == Tsiahy == * BNGRC, tatitra momba ny tondra-drano tamin'ny Martsa 2025. * ''Newsmada'', « Le fleuve Imamba sort de son lit : plusieurs localités de Sabotsy Namehana sous l'eau », 15 Martsa 2025. tqxmug4uei0vh2x18ky62xxi2pnevsd 1146944 1146942 2026-07-06T16:32:50Z Fiavi14 40094 /* Tsiahy */ 1146944 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''reniranon'i Imamba''' dia renirano iray eto [[Madagasikara]], any amin'ny [[Faritra Analamanga]] sy [[Faritra Alaotra-Mangoro|Alaotra-Mangor]]<nowiki/>o. Mikoriana manerana ireo lemaka sy lohasaha maro izy ary anisan'ny loharanon-drano ampiasaina amin'ny fambolena sy ny filàn'ny mponina eny amin'ireo faritra lalovany. Mandray anjara amin'ny fanondrahana tanimbary sy ny fitahirizana ny harena voajanahary ao amin'ny fari-drano misy azy ny renirano. == Toetoetra == Ny reniranon'i Imamba dia mikoriana mamakivaky faritra maro ao afovoan'i Madagasikara. Misy fefiloha sy fotodrafitrasa fanaraha-maso ny rano amin'ny faritra sasany mba hiarovana ireo tanàna sy tany fambolena amin'ny fiakaran'ny rano mandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny orana. Na izany aza, rehefa misy rotsak'orana mahery sy mitohy dia mety hihoatra ny fefiny ny rano ka hiteraka tondra-drano amin'ireo faritra iva. Zava-dehibe amin'ny toe-karena eny ifotony ny reniranon'i Imamba. Ny ranony dia ampiasaina amin'ny fanondrahana voly, indrindra ny tanimbary, ary manampy amin'ny famatsian-drano ho an'ny mponina sy ny fiompiana. Manana anjara toerana amin'ny fitandroana ny tontolo iainana ihany koa izy, satria fonenan'ny zavamananaina sy zavamaniry isan-karazany. == Tondra-drano tamin'ny taona 2025 == Tamin'ny volana Martsa 2025, taorian'ny rotsak'orana be nandritra ny alina, dia vaky ny fefiloha telo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba, ka niteraka tondra-drano tamin'ireo faritra iva ao amin'ny kaominina Sabotsy Namehana sy Ankadikely Ilafy. Niditra tao an-tranon'olona ny rano ka voatery nifindra vonjimaika tany amin'ny toerana avo kokoa ny mponina sasany <ref>https://bngrc.gov.mg/effondrement-des-digues-de-la-riviere-imamba-dans-la-region-dantananarivo-avaradrano/</ref>. Taorian'ny nahafantaran'ny tompon'andraikitra ny zava-nitranga dia nirotsaka an-tsehatra ny Foibe Fiarovana Sivily (CPC) sy ny Corps de Sapeurs-Pompiers d'Antananarivo (CSPA), izay nampiasa sambo haingam-pandeha namonjena ireo olona mbola voahodidin'ny rano. Ny Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) no nandrindra ny asa famonjena niaraka tamin'ny kaominina sy ireo tompon'andraikitra eny ifotony. Araka ny tatitra navoakan'ny BNGRC, fianakaviana miisa 29 (olona 109) avy amin'ny fokontany Botona, Tsarafara ary Ambohidrano ao Sabotsy Namehana no nafindra vonjimaika tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Tsarafara. Tao amin'ny kaominina Ankadikely Ilafy kosa, fianakaviana 48 (olona 216) avy ao Andranomena no nampiantranoina tao amin'ny Sekoly Fanabeazana Fototra Ankadikely Ilafy. Nisy olona 25 tsy nety nandao ny tranony noho ny tahotra sao misy hangalatra ny fananany. Nokasaina hafindra any amin'ny toby lay natsangan'ny BNGRC ireo traboina raha mbola tsy azo niverenana ny trano fonenany. Ity tranga ity dia anisan'ireo tondra-drano lehibe nitranga teo amin'ny reniranon'i Imamba tato anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy, ary nampiseho ny maha-zava-dehibe ny fikojakojana ny fefiloha sy ny fanamafisana ny rafitra fiarovana amin'ny tondra-drano. == Jereo koa == * Reniranon'i Ikopa * Tondra-drano eto Madagasikara * Birao Nasionaly misahana ny Fitantanana ny Loza sy ny Tandindon-doza (BNGRC) == Tsiahy == * BNGRC, tatitra momba ny tondra-drano tamin'ny Martsa 2025. * ''Newsmada'', « Le fleuve Imamba sort de son lit : plusieurs localités de Sabotsy Namehana sous l'eau », 15 Martsa 2025. == Loharano == 21pxwx31lp7un5xo2df4bfrpiw7oo60 10 301342 1146938 2026-07-06T16:30:52Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:val|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> » 1146938 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:val|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pyd5z3vtnjv2hvt8nvjbkl8gerasot4 828 301343 1146940 2026-07-06T16:31:57Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « -- For Template:Val, output a number and optional unit. -- Format options include scientific and uncertainty notations. local numdot = '.' -- decimal mark (use ',' for Italian) local numsep = ',' -- group separator (use ' ' for Italian) local mtext = { -- Message and other text that should be localized. ['mt-bad-exponent'] = 'exponent parameter (<b>e</b>)', ['mt-parameter'] = 'parameter ', ['mt-not-number'] = 'is not a valid numbe... » 1146940 Scribunto text/plain -- For Template:Val, output a number and optional unit. -- Format options include scientific and uncertainty notations. local numdot = '.' -- decimal mark (use ',' for Italian) local numsep = ',' -- group separator (use ' ' for Italian) local mtext = { -- Message and other text that should be localized. ['mt-bad-exponent'] = 'exponent parameter (<b>e</b>)', ['mt-parameter'] = 'parameter ', ['mt-not-number'] = 'is not a valid number', ['mt-cannot-range'] = 'cannot use a range if the first parameter includes "e"', ['mt-need-range'] = 'needs a range in parameter 2', ['mt-should-range'] = 'should be a range', ['mt-cannot-with-e'] = 'cannot be used if the first parameter includes "e"', ['mt-not-range'] = 'does not accept a range', ['mt-cannot-e'] = 'cannot use e notation', ['mt-too-many-parameter'] = 'too many parameters', ['mt-need-number'] = 'need a number after the last parameter because it is a range.', ['mt-ignore-parameter4'] = 'Val parameter 4 ignored', ['mt-val-not-supported'] = 'Val parameter "%s=%s" is not supported', ['mt-invalid-scale'] = 'Unit "%s" has invalid scale "%s"', ['mt-both-u-ul'] = 'unit (<b>u</b>) and unit with link (<b>ul</b>) are both specified, only one is allowed.', ['mt-both-up-upl'] = 'unit per (<b>up</b>) and unit per with link (<b>upl</b>) are both specified, only one is allowed.', } local data_module = 'Module:Val/units' local convert_module = 'Module:Convert' local function valerror(msg, nocat, iswarning) -- Return formatted message text for an error or warning. -- Can append "#FormattingError" to URL of a page with a problem to find it. local anchor = '<span id="FormattingError"></span>' local body, category if nocat or mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(1, 2, 3, 5) then -- No category in Talk, User, User_talk, or Wikipedia_talk. category = '' else category = '[[Category:Pages with incorrect formatting templates use]]' end iswarning = false -- problems are infrequent so try showing large error so editor will notice if iswarning then body = '<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. '[[Template:Val|<span title="' .. msg:gsub('"', '&quot;') .. '">warning</span>]]</sup>' else body = '<strong class="error">' .. 'Error in &#123;&#123;[[Template:val|val]]&#125;&#125;: ' .. msg .. '</strong>' end return anchor .. body .. category end local range_types = { -- No need for '&nbsp;' because nowrap applies to all output. [","] = ", ", ["by"] = " by ", ["-"] = "–", ["–"] = "–", ["and"] = " and ", ["or"] = " or " , ["to"] = " to " , ["x"] = " × ", ["×"] = " × ", ["/"] = "/", } local range_repeat_unit = { -- WP:UNIT wants unit repeated when a "multiply" range is used. ["x"] = true, ["×"] = true, } local function extract_item(index, numbers, arg) -- Extract an item from arg and store the result in numbers[index]. -- If no argument or if argument is valid, return nil (no error); -- otherwise, return an error message. -- The stored result is: -- * a table for a number (empty if there was no specified number); or -- * a string for range text -- Input like 1e3 is regarded as invalid for all except argument 1 -- which accepts e notation as an alternative to the 'e' argument. -- Input group separators are removed. local which = index local function fail(msg) local description if which == 'e' then description = mtext['mt-bad-exponent'] else description = mtext['mt-parameter'] .. which end return description .. ' ' .. (msg or mtext['mt-not-number']) .. '.' end local result = {} local range = range_types[arg] if range then if type(index) == 'number' and (index % 2 == 0) then if index == 2 then if numbers[1] and numbers[1].exp then return fail(mtext['mt-cannot-range']) end numbers.has_ranges = true else if not numbers.has_ranges then return fail(mtext['mt-need-range']) end end numbers[index] = range if range_repeat_unit[arg] then -- Any "repeat" range forces unit (if any) to be repeated for all items. numbers.isrepeat = true end return nil end return fail(mtext['mt-not-range']) end if numbers.has_ranges and type(index) == 'number' and (index % 2 == 0) then return fail(mtext['mt-should-range']) end if index == 'e' then local e = numbers[1] and numbers[1].exp if e then if arg then return fail(mtext['mt-cannot-with-e']) end arg = e which = 1 end end if arg and arg ~= '' then arg = arg:gsub(numsep, '') if numdot ~= '.' then arg = arg:gsub(numdot, '.') end if arg:sub(1, 1) == '(' and arg:sub(-1) == ')' then result.parens = true arg = arg:sub(2, -2) end local a, b = arg:match('^(.+)[Ee](.+)$') if a then if index == 1 then arg = a result.exp = b else return fail(mtext['mt-cannot-e']) end end local isnegative, propersign, prefix local minus = '−' prefix, arg = arg:match('^(.-)([%d.]+)$') local value = tonumber(arg) if not value then return fail() end if arg:sub(1, 1) == '.' then arg = '0' .. arg end if prefix == '' then -- Ignore. elseif prefix == '±' then -- Display for first number, ignore for others. if index == 1 then propersign = '±' end elseif prefix == '+' then propersign = '+' elseif prefix == '-' or prefix == minus then propersign = minus isnegative = true else return fail() end result.clean = arg result.sign = propersign or '' result.value = isnegative and -value or value end numbers[index] = result return nil -- no error end local function get_args(numbers, args) -- Extract arguments and store the results in numbers. -- Return nothing (no error) if ok; otherwise, return an error message. for index = 1, 99 do local which = index local arg = args[which] -- has been trimmed if not arg then which = 'e' arg = args[which] end local msg = extract_item(which, numbers, arg) if msg then return msg end if which == 'e' then break end if index > 19 then return mtext['mt-too-many-parameter'] end end if numbers.has_ranges and (#numbers % 2 == 0) then return mtext['mt-need-number'] end end local function get_scale(text, ucode) -- Return the value of text as a number, or throw an error. -- This supports extremely basic expressions of the form: -- a / b -- a ^ b -- where a and b are numbers or 'pi'. local n = tonumber(text) if n then return n end n = text:gsub('pi', math.pi) for _, op in ipairs({ '/', '^' }) do local a, b = n:match('^(.-)' .. op .. '(.*)$') if a then a = tonumber(a) b = tonumber(b) if a and b then if op == '/' then return a / b elseif op == '^' then return a ^ b end end break end end error(string.format(mtext['mt-invalid-scale'], ucode, text)) end local function get_builtin_unit(ucode, definitions) -- Return table of information for the specified built-in unit, or nil if not known. -- Each defined unit code must be followed by two spaces (not tab characters). local _, pos = definitions:find('\n' .. ucode .. ' ', 1, true) if pos then local endline = definitions:find('%s*\n', pos) if endline then local result = {} local n = 0 local text = definitions:sub(pos + 1, endline - 1):gsub('%s%s+', '\t') for item in (text .. '\t'):gmatch('(%S.-)\t') do if item == 'ALIAS' then result.alias = true elseif item == 'ANGLE' then result.isangle = true result.nospace = true elseif item == 'NOSPACE' then result.nospace = true elseif item == 'SI' then result.si = true else n = n + 1 if n == 1 then local link, symbol = item:match('^%[%[([^|]+)|(.+)%]%]$') if link then result.symbol = symbol result.link = link n = 2 else result.symbol = item end elseif n == 2 then result.link = item elseif n == 3 then result.scale_text = item result.scale = get_scale(item, ucode) else result.more_ignored = item break end end end if result.si then local s = result.symbol if ucode == 'mc' .. s or ucode == 'mu' .. s then result.ucode = 'µ' .. s -- unit code for convert should be this end end if n >= 2 or (n >= 1 and result.alias) then return result end -- Ignore invalid definition, treating it as a comment. end end end local function convert_lookup(ucode, value, scaled_top, want_link, si, options) local lookup = require(convert_module)._unit return lookup(ucode, { value = value, scaled_top = scaled_top, link = want_link, si = si, sort = options.sortable, }) end local function get_unit(ucode, value, scaled_top, options) local want_link = options.want_link if scaled_top then want_link = options.want_per_link end local data = mw.loadData(data_module) local result = options.want_longscale and get_builtin_unit(ucode, data.builtin_units_long_scale) or get_builtin_unit(ucode, data.builtin_units) local si, use_convert if result then if result.alias then ucode = result.symbol use_convert = true end if result.scale then -- Setting si means convert will use the unit as given, and the sort key -- will be calculated from the value without any extra scaling that may -- occur if convert found the unit code. For example, if val defines the -- unit 'year' with a scale and if si were not set, convert would also apply -- its own scale because convert knows that a year is 31,557,600 seconds. si = { result.symbol, result.link } value = value * result.scale end if result.si then ucode = result.ucode or ucode si = { result.symbol, result.link } use_convert = true end else result = {} use_convert = true end local convert_unit = convert_lookup(ucode, value, scaled_top, want_link, si, options) result.sortkey = convert_unit.sortspan if use_convert then result.text = convert_unit.text result.scaled_top = convert_unit.scaled_value else if want_link then result.text = '[[' .. result.link .. '|' .. result.symbol .. ']]' else result.text = result.symbol end result.scaled_top = value end return result end local function makeunit(value, options) -- Return table of information for the requested unit and options, or -- return nil if no unit. options = options or {} local unit local ucode = options.u local percode = options.per if ucode then unit = get_unit(ucode, value, nil, options) elseif percode then unit = { nospace = true, scaled_top = value } else return nil end local text = unit.text or '' local sortkey = unit.sortkey if percode then local function bracketed(code, text) return code:find('[*./]') and '(' .. text .. ')' or text end local perunit = get_unit(percode, 1, unit.scaled_top, options) text = (ucode and bracketed(ucode, text) or '') .. '/' .. bracketed(percode, perunit.text) sortkey = perunit.sortkey end if not (unit.nospace or options.nospace) then text = '&nbsp;' .. text end return { text = text, isangle = unit.isangle, sortkey = sortkey } end local function list_units(mode) -- Return wikitext to list the built-in units. -- A unit code should not contain wikimarkup so don't bother escaping. local data = mw.loadData(data_module) local definitions = data.builtin_units .. data.builtin_units_long_scale local last_was_blank = true local n = 0 local result = {} local function add(line) if line == '' then last_was_blank = true else if last_was_blank and n > 0 then n = n + 1 result[n] = '' end last_was_blank = false n = n + 1 result[n] = line end end local si_prefixes = { -- These are the prefixes recognized by convert; u is accepted for micro. y = 'y', z = 'z', a = 'a', f = 'f', p = 'p', n = 'n', u = 'µ', ['µ'] = 'µ', m = 'm', c = 'c', d = 'd', da = 'da', h = 'h', k = 'k', M = 'M', G = 'G', T = 'T', P = 'P', E = 'E', Z = 'Z', Y = 'Y', } local function is_valid(ucode, unit) if unit and not unit.more_ignored then assert(type(unit.symbol) == 'string' and unit.symbol ~= '') if unit.alias then if unit.link or unit.scale_text or unit.si then return false end end if unit.si then if unit.scale_text then return false end ucode = unit.ucode or ucode local base = unit.symbol if ucode == base then unit.display = base return true end local plen = #ucode - #base if plen > 0 then local prefix = si_prefixes[ucode:sub(1, plen)] if prefix and ucode:sub(plen + 1) == base then unit.display = prefix .. base return true end end else unit.display = unit.symbol return true end end return false end local lookup = require(convert_module)._unit local function show_convert(ucode, unit) -- If a built-in unit defines a scale or sets the SI flag, any unit defined in -- convert is not used (the scale or SI prefix's scale is used for a sort key). -- If there is no scale or SI flag, and the unit is not defined in convert, -- the sort key may not be correct; this allows such units to be identified. if not (unit.si or unit.scale_text) then if mode == 'convert' then unit.show = not lookup(unit.alias and unit.symbol or ucode).unknown unit.show_text = 'CONVERT' elseif mode == 'unknown' then unit.show = lookup(unit.alias and unit.symbol or ucode).unknown unit.show_text = 'UNKNOWN' elseif not unit.alias then -- Show convert's scale in square brackets ('[1]' for an unknown unit). -- Don't show scale for an alias because it's misleading for temperature -- and an alias is probably not useful for anything else. local scale = lookup(ucode, {value=1, sort='on'}).scaled_value if type(scale) == 'number' then scale = string.format('%.5g', scale):gsub('e%+?(%-?)0*(%d+)', 'e%1%2') else scale = '?' end unit.show = true unit.show_text = '[' .. scale .. ']' end end end for line in definitions:gmatch('([^\n]*)\n') do local pos, _ = line:find(' ', 1, true) if pos then local ucode = line:sub(1, pos - 1) local unit = get_builtin_unit(ucode, '\n' .. line .. '\n') if is_valid(ucode, unit) then show_convert(ucode, unit) local flags, text if unit.alias then text = unit.symbol else text = '[[' .. unit.link .. '|' .. unit.display .. ']]' end if unit.isangle then unit.nospace = nil -- don't show redundant flag end for _, f in ipairs({ { 'alias', 'ALIAS' }, { 'isangle', 'ANGLE' }, { 'nospace', 'NOSPACE' }, { 'si', 'SI' }, { 'scale_text', unit.scale_text }, { 'show', unit.show_text }, }) do if unit[f[1]] then local t = f[2] if t:match('^%u+$') then t = '<small>' .. t .. '</small>' end if flags then flags = flags .. ' ' .. t else flags = t end end end if flags then text = text .. ' • ' .. flags end add(ucode .. ' = ' .. text .. '<br />') else add(line .. ' ◆ <b>invalid definition</b><br />') end else add(line) end end return table.concat(result, '\n') end local delimit_groups = require('Module:Gapnum').groups local function delimit(sign, numstr, fmt) -- Return sign and numstr (unsigned digits or numdot only) after formatting. -- Four-digit integers are not formatted with gaps. fmt = (fmt or ''):lower() if fmt == 'none' or (fmt == '' and #numstr == 4 and numstr:match('^%d+$')) then return sign .. numstr end -- Group number by integer and decimal parts. -- If there is no decimal part, delimit_groups returns only one table. local ipart, dpart = delimit_groups(numstr) local result if fmt == 'commas' then result = sign .. table.concat(ipart, numsep) if dpart then result = result .. numdot .. table.concat(dpart) end else -- Delimit with a small gap by default. local groups = {} groups[1] = table.remove(ipart, 1) for _, v in ipairs(ipart) do table.insert(groups, '<span style="margin-left:.25em;">' .. v .. '</span>') end if dpart then table.insert(groups, numdot .. (table.remove(dpart, 1) or '')) for _, v in ipairs(dpart) do table.insert(groups, '<span style="margin-left:.25em;">' .. v .. '</span>') end end result = sign .. table.concat(groups) end return result end local function sup_sub(sup, sub, align) -- Return the same result as Module:Su except val defaults to align=right. if align == 'l' or align == 'left' then align = 'left' elseif align == 'c' or align == 'center' then align = 'center' else align = 'right' end return '<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:' .. align .. ';">' .. sup .. '<br />' .. sub .. '</span>' end local function range_text(items, unit_table, options) local fmt = options.fmt local nend = items.nend or '' if items.isrepeat or unit_table.isangle then nend = nend .. unit_table.text end local text = '' for i = 1, #items do if i % 2 == 0 then text = text .. items[i] else text = text .. delimit(items[i].sign, items[i].clean, fmt) .. nend end end return text end local function uncertainty_text(uncertainty, unit_table, options) local angle, text, need_parens if unit_table.isangle then angle = unit_table.text end local upper = uncertainty.upper or {} local lower = uncertainty.lower or {} local uncU = upper.clean if uncU then local fmt = options.fmt local uncL = lower.clean if uncL then uncU = delimit('+', uncU, fmt) .. (upper.errend or '') uncL = delimit('−', uncL, fmt) .. (lower.errend or '') if angle then uncU = uncU .. angle uncL = uncL .. angle end text = (angle or '') .. '<span style="margin-left:0.3em;">' .. sup_sub(uncU, uncL, options.align) .. '</span>' else if upper.parens then text = '(' .. uncU .. ')' -- old template did not delimit else text = (angle or '') .. '<span style="margin-left:0.225em;margin-right:0.225em;">±</span>' .. delimit('', uncU, fmt) need_parens = true end if uncertainty.errend then text = text .. uncertainty.errend end if angle then text = text .. angle end end else if angle then text = angle end end return text, need_parens end local function _main(values, unit_spec, options) if options.sandbox then data_module = data_module .. '/sandbox' convert_module = convert_module .. '/sandbox' end local action = options.action if action then if action == 'list' then -- Kludge: am using the align parameter (a=xxx) for type of list. return list_units(options.align) end return valerror('invalid action "' .. action .. '".', options.nocat) end local number = values.number or (values.numbers and values.numbers[1]) or {} local e_10 = options.e or {} local novalue = (number.value == nil and e_10.clean == nil) local fmt = options.fmt local want_sort = true local sortable = options.sortable if sortable == 'off' or (sortable == nil and novalue) then want_sort = false elseif sortable == 'debug' then -- Same as sortable = 'on' but the sort key is displayed. else sortable = 'on' end local sort_value = 1 if want_sort then sort_value = number.value or 1 if e_10.value and sort_value ~= 0 then -- The 'if' avoids {{val|0|e=1234}} giving an invalid sort_value due to overflow. sort_value = sort_value * 10^e_10.value end end local unit_table = makeunit(sort_value, { u = unit_spec.u, want_link = unit_spec.want_link, per = unit_spec.per, want_per_link = unit_spec.want_per_link, nospace = novalue, want_longscale = unit_spec.want_longscale, sortable = sortable, }) local sortkey if unit_table then if want_sort then sortkey = unit_table.sortkey end else unit_table = { text = '' } if want_sort then sortkey = convert_lookup('dummy', sort_value, nil, nil, nil, { sortable = sortable }).sortspan end end local final_unit = unit_table.isangle and '' or unit_table.text local e_text, n_text, need_parens local uncertainty = values.uncertainty if uncertainty then if number.clean then n_text = delimit(number.sign, number.clean, fmt) .. (number.nend or '') local text text, need_parens = uncertainty_text(uncertainty, unit_table, options) if text then n_text = n_text .. text end else n_text = '' end else if values.numbers.isrepeat then final_unit = '' end n_text = range_text(values.numbers, unit_table, options) need_parens = true end if e_10.clean then if need_parens then n_text = '(' .. n_text .. ')' end e_text = '10^{' .. delimit(e_10.sign, e_10.clean, fmt) .. '}' if number.clean then e_text = '<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>' .. e_text end else e_text = '' end local result = (sortkey or '') .. (options.prefix or '') .. n_text .. e_text .. final_unit .. (options.suffix or '') if result ~= '' then result = '<span class="nowrap">' .. result .. '</span>' end return result .. (options.warning or '') end local function check_parameters(args, has_ranges, nocat) -- Return warning text for the first problem parameter found, or nothing if ok. local whitelist = { a = true, action = true, debug = true, e = true, ['end'] = true, errend = true, ['+errend'] = true, ['-errend'] = true, fmt = true, ['long scale'] = true, long_scale = true, longscale = true, nocategory = true, p = true, s = true, sortable = true, u = true, ul = true, up = true, upl = true, } for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'string' and not whitelist[k] then local warning = string.format(mtext['mt-val-not-supported'], k, v) return valerror(warning, nocat, true) end end if not has_ranges and args[4] then return valerror(mtext['mt-ignore-parameter4'], nocat, true) end end local function main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = { 'Template:Val' }}) local nocat = args.nocategory local numbers = {} -- table of number tables, perhaps with range text local msg = get_args(numbers, args) if msg then return valerror(msg, nocat) end if args.u and args.ul then return valerror(mtext['mt-both-u-ul'], nocat) end if args.up and args.upl then return valerror(mtext['mt-both-up-upl'], nocat) end local values if numbers.has_ranges then -- Multiple values with range separators but no uncertainty. numbers.nend = args['end'] values = { numbers = numbers, } else -- A single value with optional uncertainty. local function setfield(i, dst, src) local v = args[src] if v then if numbers[i] then numbers[i][dst] = v else numbers[i] = { [dst] = v } end end end setfield(1, 'nend', 'end') setfield(2, 'errend', '+errend') setfield(3, 'errend', '-errend') values = { number = numbers[1], uncertainty = { upper = numbers[2], lower = numbers[3], errend = args.errend, } } end local unit_spec = { u = args.ul or args.u, want_link = args.ul ~= nil, per = args.upl or args.up, want_per_link = args.upl ~= nil, want_longscale = (args.longscale or args.long_scale or args['long scale']) == 'on', } local options = { action = args.action, align = args.a, e = numbers.e, fmt = args.fmt, nocat = nocat, prefix = args.p, sandbox = string.find(frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) ~= nil, sortable = args.sortable or (args.debug == 'yes' and 'debug' or nil), suffix = args.s, warning = check_parameters(args, numbers.has_ranges, nocat), } return _main(values, unit_spec, options) end return { main = main, _main = _main } cf2vy01lmmi4xusv9uok74d8k7gzawo 828 301344 1146943 2026-07-06T16:32:41Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « local p = {} local getArgs function p.main(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end local args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Gapnum'}) local n = args[1] if not n then error('Parameter 1 is required') elseif not tonumber(n) and not tonumber(n, 36) then -- Validates any number with base ≤ 36 error('Unable to convert "' .. args[1] .. '" to a number') end local gap = args.gap local precision = tonu... » 1146943 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs function p.main(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end local args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Gapnum'}) local n = args[1] if not n then error('Parameter 1 is required') elseif not tonumber(n) and not tonumber(n, 36) then -- Validates any number with base ≤ 36 error('Unable to convert "' .. args[1] .. '" to a number') end local gap = args.gap local precision = tonumber(args.prec) return p.gaps(n,{gap=gap,prec=precision}) end -- Not named p._main so that it has a better function name when required by Module:Val function p.gaps(n,tbl) local nstr = tostring(n) if not tbl then tbl = {} end local gap = tbl.gap or '.25em' local int_part, frac_part = p.groups(n,tbl.prec) local ret = mw.html.create('span') :css('white-space','nowrap') -- No gap necessary on first group :wikitext(table.remove(int_part,1)) -- Build int part for _, v in ipairs(int_part) do ret:tag('span') :css('margin-left',gap) :wikitext(v) end if frac_part then -- The first group after the decimal shouldn't have a gap ret:wikitext('.' .. table.remove(frac_part,1)) -- Build frac part for _, v in ipairs(frac_part) do ret:tag('span') :css('margin-left',gap) :wikitext(v) end end return ret end -- Creates tables where each element is a different group of the number function p.groups(num,precision) local nstr = tostring(num) if not precision then precision = -1 end local decimalloc = nstr:find('.', 1, true) local int_part, frac_part if decimalloc == nil then int_part = nstr else int_part = nstr:sub(1, decimalloc-1) frac_part = nstr:sub(decimalloc + 1) end -- only define ret_i as an empty table, let ret_d stay nil local ret_i,ret_d = {} -- Loop to handle most of the groupings; from right to left, so that if a group has less than 3 members, it will be the first group while int_part:len() > 3 do -- Insert in first spot, since we're moving backwards table.insert(ret_i,1,int_part:sub(-3)) int_part = int_part:sub(1,-4) end -- handle any left over numbers if int_part:len() > 0 then table.insert(ret_i,1,int_part) end if precision ~= 0 and frac_part then ret_d = {} if precision == -1 then precision = frac_part:len() end -- Reduce the length of the string if required precision is less than actual precision -- OR -- Increase it (by adding 0s) if the required precision is more than actual local offset = precision - frac_part:len() if offset < 0 then frac_part = frac_part:sub(1,precision) elseif offset > 0 then frac_part = frac_part .. string.rep('0', offset) end -- Allow groups of 3 or 2 (3 first) for v in string.gmatch(frac_part,'%d%d%d?') do table.insert(ret_d,v) end -- Preference for groups of 4 instead of groups of 1 at the end if #frac_part % 3 == 1 then if frac_part:len() == 1 then ret_d = {frac_part} else local last_g = ret_d[#ret_d] or '' last_g = last_g..frac_part:sub(-1) ret_d[#ret_d] = last_g end end end return ret_i,ret_d end return p lj5n3lgypceqtbnvwbvlt9k8birgmdl 10 301345 1146945 2026-07-06T16:34:07Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</abbr><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> » 1146945 wikitext text/x-wiki <abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</abbr><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6 10 301346 1146946 2026-07-06T16:35:36Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <span title="www.drugs.com">{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1}}}}}<!-- Note: {{#if:1|{{{2}}}}} is used to strip any whitespace from {{{2}}} --> || parent = [https://www.drugs.com/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html {{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}] | cdi = [https://www.drugs.com/cdi/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Consumer Drug Information] | cons = [https://www.drugs.com/cons/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information] | drug-class | class = [https://www.drugs.com/drug-class... » 1146946 wikitext text/x-wiki <span title="www.drugs.com">{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1}}}}}<!-- Note: {{#if:1|{{{2}}}}} is used to strip any whitespace from {{{2}}} --> || parent = [https://www.drugs.com/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html {{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}] | cdi = [https://www.drugs.com/cdi/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Consumer Drug Information] | cons = [https://www.drugs.com/cons/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information] | drug-class | class = [https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Drug Classes] | drug-interactions | interactions = [https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Drug Interactions] | enc = [https://www.drugs.com/enc/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Medical Encyclopedia] | international = [https://www.drugs.com/international/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html International Drug Names] | monograph = [https://www.drugs.com/monograph/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Monograph] | mmx = [https://www.drugs.com/mmx/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Drugs.com archive] | mtm = [https://www.drugs.com/mtm/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Multum Consumer Information] | npp = [https://www.drugs.com/npp/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html MedFacts Natural Products] | ppa = [https://www.drugs.com/ppa/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Professional Drug Facts] | pregnancy = [https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding] | pro = [https://www.drugs.com/pro/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html FDA Professional Drug Information] | sfx = [https://www.drugs.com/sfx/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Side Effects] | uk = [https://www.drugs.com/uk/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html UK Drug Information] | vet = [https://www.drugs.com/vet/{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}}.html Veterinary Use] }}</span><!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> quxe9iwv921h9krx5vkiib7nolvgahq 10 301347 1146947 2026-07-06T16:37:44Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <span style="white-space: nowrap">{{#ifeq:{{{link|no}}}|yes |[[United States dollar|{{#ifeq:{{{long|yes}}}|yes|US|}}$]] |{{#ifeq:{{{long|yes}}}|yes|US|}}$ }}{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{1|}}}|,|}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{showyear|}}}| {{#if:{{{year|{{{2|}}}}}}|&nbsp;in {{{year|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}<!-- 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}}}}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> eoryyvtep6xqhn2idzdcjamn7wbz8pb 10 301348 1146948 2026-07-06T16:38:41Z ~2026-38462-98 40259 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|plain={{safesubst:#if:{{{plain|}}}|{{{plain}}}|true}}|count={{{count|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> » 1146948 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|plain={{safesubst:#if:{{{plain|}}}|{{{plain}}}|true}}|count={{{count|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r178n7opmwh460jjikowaqng5m5fzrn 0 301349 1146950 2026-07-06T17:38:06Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' laf42azgibufs6agi4toia1wfm8qe6s 1146951 1146950 2026-07-06T17:42:34Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanampy sary 1146951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Vellozia tertia CBM.png|vignette|355x355px|''Vellozia candida'' na ''Vellozia tertia'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' tree4nuelw7mlb4t4pwz5gg2x2kkb76 1146952 1146951 2026-07-06T17:49:58Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanampy sary 1146952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Vellozia tertia CBM.png|vignette|355x355px|''Vellozia candida'' na ''Vellozia tertia'']] [[Sary:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Vellozia squamata (Sin V. flavicans).jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Vellozia squamata'' (na ''Vellozia'' ''flavicans'')]] [[Sary:Vellozia jolyi (23211367634).jpg|vignette|211x211px|''Vellozia jolyi'' ]] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' 3xk1qbbyicpnf6i5y2p0pt78k49pfvz 1146957 1146952 2026-07-06T18:43:26Z Thelezifor 15140 Filaharana 1146957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]]) na [[Pandanales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Vellozia tertia CBM.png|vignette|355x355px|''Vellozia candida'' na ''Vellozia tertia'']] [[Sary:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Vellozia squamata (Sin V. flavicans).jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Vellozia squamata'' (na ''Vellozia'' ''flavicans'')]] [[Sary:Vellozia jolyi (23211367634).jpg|vignette|211x211px|''Vellozia jolyi'' ]] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' fvbak4sy28mdb791j0i7hj54dfm6qvo 1146958 1146957 2026-07-06T18:43:52Z Thelezifor 15140 1146958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]]) na [[Pandanales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Vellozia tertia CBM.png|vignette|355x355px|''Vellozia candida'' na ''Vellozia tertia'']] [[Sary:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Vellozia squamata (Sin V. flavicans).jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Vellozia squamata'' (na ''Vellozia'' ''flavicans'')]] [[Sary:Vellozia jolyi (23211367634).jpg|vignette|211x211px|''Vellozia jolyi'' ]] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' 54au0dm8ov0zfw7mk6s1doj4o94qx1x 1146964 1146958 2026-07-06T18:54:41Z Thelezifor 15140 1146964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n7 w1150 (1).jpg|vignette|423x423px|''Vellozia aloifolia'']] Ny '''''Vellozia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]]) na [[Pandanales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), izay noforonina tamin' ny taona 1788. Tsy fahita afa-tsy any [[Amerika Atsimo]] ny karazana ao amin' ity ntoko ity (afa-tsy karazana iray ihany, ''Vellozia tubiflora''), izay hatrany [[Panamà|Panama]] ny faritra aniriany azy. Avy any [[Brezila]] ny ankamaroan' ireo karazana ireo, ary tena ahitana karazana maro be mivangongo ao amin' ny [[Minas Gerais|Fanjakan' i Minas Gerais]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Vellozia tertia CBM.png|vignette|355x355px|''Vellozia candida'' na ''Vellozia tertia'']] [[Sary:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Vellozia squamata (Sin V. flavicans).jpg|vignette|209x209px|''Vellozia squamata'' (na ''Vellozia'' ''flavicans'')]] [[Sary:Vellozia jolyi (23211367634).jpg|vignette|211x211px|''Vellozia jolyi'' ]] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny antokon-javamaniry ''Vellozia'': * ''Vellozia abietina'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia albiflora'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia aloifolia'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia alutacea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia andina'' <small>Ibisch, R.Vásquez & Nowicki</small> * ''Vellozia angustifolia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia arenicola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia armata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia asperula'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia auriculata'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia barbaceniifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia barbata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia bicarinata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia blanchetiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia brachypoda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia bradei'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Vellozia brevifolia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia breviscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia bulbosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caespitosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia campanuloides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia candida'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia canelinha'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia capiticola'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia caput-ardeae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caruncularis'' <small>Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia castanea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia caudata'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ciliata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cinerascens'' <small>(Mart.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia compacta'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia coronata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia costata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia crinita'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia crispata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia cryptantha'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia dasypus'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia decidua'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia declinans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia echinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia epidendroides'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia exilis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fibrosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia fimbriata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia froesii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia fruticosa'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia furcata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia geotegens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia gigantea'' <small>N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia glabra'' <small>J.C.Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia glandulifera'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia glauca'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia glochidea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia goiasensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia graminea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia granulata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia grao-mogulensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia grisea'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia gurkenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia harleyi'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia hemisphaerica'' <small> Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia hirsuta'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia hypoxoides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia incurvata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia intermedia'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia jolyi'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia kolbekii'' <small>R.J.V.Alves</small> * ''Vellozia laevis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia lilacina'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia luteola'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Vellozia macedonis'' <small>Woodson</small> * ''Vellozia marcescens'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia maxillarioides'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia metzgerae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia minima'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia modesta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nivea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia obtecta'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia ornata'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia patens'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia peripherica'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pilosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia piresiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia prolifera'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia pterocarpa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia pulchra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia pumila'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia punctulata'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia pusilla'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia ramosissima'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia resinosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia scabrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia scoparia'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sellowii'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia sessilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia sincorana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia squalida'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia squamata'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia stellata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia stenocarpa'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia stipitata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia streptophylla'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia subalata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia subscabra'' <small>Mikan</small> * ''Vellozia sulphurea'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia swallenii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia taxifolia'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia teres'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tillandsioides'' <small>Mello-Silva</small> * ''Vellozia tomeana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tomentosa'' <small>Pohl</small> * ''Vellozia torquata'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Vellozia tragacantha'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mart. ex Seub.</small> * ''Vellozia tubiflora'' <small>(A.Rich.) Kunth</small> * ''Vellozia variegata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia verruculosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Vellozia viannae'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Vellozia virgata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Vellozia wasshausenii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' ey7fpnvxuxtd3fvqkw31sgz0s8qam6d 0 301350 1146954 2026-07-06T18:05:13Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Barbacenia squamata CBM.png|vignette|542x542px|''Barbacenia squamata'']] Ny '''''Barbacenia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]], izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1788. Ireo karazana rehetra ao anatin' io vondrona io dia teratany any [[Brezila]], afa-tsy ny ''Barbacenia celiae'' izay hita hatrany [[Venezoela]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Barbacenia gounelleana (10.3897-BDJ.8.e50837) Figure 7 b.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gounelleana'']] [[Sary:Barbacenia gardneri.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gardneri'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Barbacenia'': * ''Barbacenia andersonii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia aurea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia beauverdii'' <small>Damazio</small> * ''Barbacenia bishopii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blackii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blanchetii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brachycalyx'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brasiliensis'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''Barbacenia brevifolia'' <small>Taub.</small> * ''Barbacenia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia caricina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia celiae'' <small>Maguire</small> * ''Barbacenia chlorantha'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coccinea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia conicostigma'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia contasana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coronata'' <small>Ravenna</small> * ''Barbacenia culta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia curviflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cuspidata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cyananthera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia cylindrica'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia damaziana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia delicatula'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia ensifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia exscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia fanniae'' <small>(N.L.Menezes) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia filamentifera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia flava'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia flavida'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia foliosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fragrans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fulva'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gardneri'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia gaveensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gentianoides'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glabra'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glauca'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia glaziovii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia globata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glutinosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia goethartii'' <small>Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gounelleana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia graciliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia graminifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia grisea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia hilairei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia hirtiflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia ignea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia inclinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia involucrata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia ionantha'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia irwiniana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia itabirensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia latifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia leucopoda'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia lilacina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia longiflora'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia longiscapa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia luzulifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia lymansmithii'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Barbacenia macrantha'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia mantiqueirae'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia markgrafii'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Barbacenia minima'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia mollis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia monticola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nigrimarginata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia oxytepala'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pabstiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pallida'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia paranaensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia plantaginea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia polyantha'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pulverulenta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pungens'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia purpurea'' <small>Hook.</small> * ''Barbacenia rectifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia reflexa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia regis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia riedeliana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia riparia'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia rodriguesii'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia × rogieri'' <small>Moore & Ayres</small> * ''Barbacenia rubra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia rubrovirens'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia salmonea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia saxicola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia schidigera'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia schwackei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sellowii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sessiliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia spectabilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia squamata'' <small>Herb.</small> * ''Barbacenia stenophylla'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia tomentosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia tricolor'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia trigona'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia umbrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia vandellii'' <small>Pohl ex Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia viscosissima'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia williamsii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Vellozia]]'' hzhbwsnc3crel47ppm5ajkx601a0i54 1146956 1146954 2026-07-06T18:41:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Fianakavian-javamaniry 1146956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Barbacenia squamata CBM.png|vignette|542x542px|''Barbacenia squamata'']] Ny '''''Barbacenia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]]) na [[Pandanales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1788. Ireo karazana rehetra ao anatin' io vondrona io dia teratany any [[Brezila]], afa-tsy ny ''Barbacenia celiae'' izay hita hatrany [[Venezoela]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Barbacenia gounelleana (10.3897-BDJ.8.e50837) Figure 7 b.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gounelleana'']] [[Sary:Barbacenia gardneri.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gardneri'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Barbacenia'': * ''Barbacenia andersonii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia aurea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia beauverdii'' <small>Damazio</small> * ''Barbacenia bishopii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blackii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blanchetii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brachycalyx'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brasiliensis'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''Barbacenia brevifolia'' <small>Taub.</small> * ''Barbacenia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia caricina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia celiae'' <small>Maguire</small> * ''Barbacenia chlorantha'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coccinea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia conicostigma'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia contasana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coronata'' <small>Ravenna</small> * ''Barbacenia culta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia curviflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cuspidata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cyananthera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia cylindrica'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia damaziana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia delicatula'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia ensifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia exscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia fanniae'' <small>(N.L.Menezes) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia filamentifera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia flava'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia flavida'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia foliosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fragrans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fulva'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gardneri'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia gaveensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gentianoides'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glabra'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glauca'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia glaziovii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia globata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glutinosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia goethartii'' <small>Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gounelleana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia graciliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia graminifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia grisea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia hilairei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia hirtiflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia ignea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia inclinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia involucrata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia ionantha'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia irwiniana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia itabirensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia latifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia leucopoda'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia lilacina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia longiflora'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia longiscapa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia luzulifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia lymansmithii'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Barbacenia macrantha'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia mantiqueirae'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia markgrafii'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Barbacenia minima'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia mollis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia monticola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nigrimarginata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia oxytepala'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pabstiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pallida'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia paranaensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia plantaginea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia polyantha'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pulverulenta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pungens'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia purpurea'' <small>Hook.</small> * ''Barbacenia rectifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia reflexa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia regis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia riedeliana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia riparia'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia rodriguesii'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia × rogieri'' <small>Moore & Ayres</small> * ''Barbacenia rubra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia rubrovirens'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia salmonea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia saxicola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia schidigera'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia schwackei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sellowii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sessiliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia spectabilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia squamata'' <small>Herb.</small> * ''Barbacenia stenophylla'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia tomentosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia tricolor'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia trigona'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia umbrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia vandellii'' <small>Pohl ex Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia viscosissima'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia williamsii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Vellozia]]'' m43s38ofck2acmp8urb2uiqbzqizthn 1146960 1146956 2026-07-06T18:52:33Z Thelezifor 15140 1146960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Barbacenia squamata CBM.png|vignette|542x542px|''Barbacenia squamata'']] Ny '''''Barbacenia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Liliales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajian' i Cronquist]]) na [[Pandanales]] (araka ny [[fanasokajiana APG III]]), izay nofaritana ho antoko tamin' ny taona 1788. Ireo karazana rehetra ao anatin' io vondrona io dia teratany any [[Brezila]], afa-tsy ny ''Barbacenia celiae'' izay hita hatrany [[Venezoela]]. == Lisitry ny karazana == [[Sary:Barbacenia gounelleana (10.3897-BDJ.8.e50837) Figure 7 b.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gounelleana'']] [[Sary:Barbacenia gardneri.jpg|vignette|''Barbacenia gardneri'']] Inty ny lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Barbacenia'': * ''Barbacenia andersonii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia aurea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia bahiana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia beauverdii'' <small>Damazio</small> * ''Barbacenia bishopii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blackii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia blanchetii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brachycalyx'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia brasiliensis'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''Barbacenia brevifolia'' <small>Taub.</small> * ''Barbacenia burle-marxii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia caricina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia celiae'' <small>Maguire</small> * ''Barbacenia chlorantha'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coccinea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia conicostigma'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia contasana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia coronata'' <small>Ravenna</small> * ''Barbacenia culta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia curviflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cuspidata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia cyananthera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia cylindrica'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia damaziana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia delicatula'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia ensifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia exscapa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia fanniae'' <small>(N.L.Menezes) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia filamentifera'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia flava'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia flavida'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia foliosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fragrans'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia fulva'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gardneri'' <small>Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia gaveensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gentianoides'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glabra'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glauca'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia glaziovii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia globata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia glutinosa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia goethartii'' <small>Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia gounelleana'' <small>Beauverd</small> * ''Barbacenia graciliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia graminifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia grisea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia hatschbachii'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia hilairei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia hirtiflora'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia ignea'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia inclinata'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia involucrata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia ionantha'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia irwiniana'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia itabirensis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia latifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia leucopoda'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia lilacina'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia longiflora'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia longiscapa'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia luzulifolia'' <small>Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.</small> * ''Barbacenia lymansmithii'' <small>Mello-Silva & N.L.Menezes</small> * ''Barbacenia macrantha'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia mantiqueirae'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia markgrafii'' <small>Schulze-Menz</small> * ''Barbacenia minima'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia mollis'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia monticola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nanuzae'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia nigrimarginata'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia nuda'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia oxytepala'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pabstiana'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pallida'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia paranaensis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia plantaginea'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia polyantha'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia pulverulenta'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia pungens'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia purpurea'' <small>Hook.</small> * ''Barbacenia rectifolia'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia reflexa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia regis'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia riedeliana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia riparia'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Mello-Silva) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia rodriguesii'' <small>(N.L.Menezes & Semir) Mello-Silva</small> * ''Barbacenia × rogieri'' <small>Moore & Ayres</small> * ''Barbacenia rubra'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia rubrovirens'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia salmonea'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia saxicola'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia schidigera'' <small>Lem.</small> * ''Barbacenia schwackei'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sellowii'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia sessiliflora'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> * ''Barbacenia seubertiana'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia spectabilis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia spiralis'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia squamata'' <small>Herb.</small> * ''Barbacenia stenophylla'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia tomentosa'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia tricolor'' <small>Mart.</small> * ''Barbacenia trigona'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia umbrosa'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Ayensu</small> * ''Barbacenia vandellii'' <small>Pohl ex Seub.</small> * ''Barbacenia viscosissima'' <small>Goethart & Henrard</small> * ''Barbacenia williamsii'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small> == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' 98jnohrwivsuhwp91cz8o9ij2joot4j 0 301351 1146967 2026-07-06T19:12:07Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny Velloziaceae 1146967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Illustration of Acanthochlamydaceae.jpg|vignette|435x435px|''Acanthochlamys bracteata'']] Ny '''''Acanthochlamys''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]], nofaritana tamin' ny taona 1980. Efa ela no tao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Amaryllidaceae]]'' izy io, saingy ny fanasokajiana vao haingana kokoa dia nametraka azy ao amin' ny ''[[Velloziaceae]]''. Tamin' ny taona 1989 dia napetraka azy tao amin' ny fianakaviany manokana ('''''Acanthochlamydaceae''''') i Kao. Karazana iray ihany no fantatra, dia ny '''''Acanthochlamys bracteata''''', teratany any [[Tibet]] sy any [[Sichuan]] ([[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]]). == Jereo koa == * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Talbotia]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' i5re4tnej8xbf4643zmm14sejdwivun 0 301352 1146969 2026-07-06T19:23:48Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146969 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Talbotia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]]. Tsy manana afa-tsy karazana tokana izy io, dia ny '''''Talbotia elegans''''', izay nantsoina hoe ''Xerophyta elegans'' tany aloha, izay tsy fahita afa-tsy ao [[Afrika Atsimo]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' 5o7fzcjs73i5f765jpteb5k7k79klwy 1146971 1146969 2026-07-06T20:09:00Z Thelezifor 15140 Antokon-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Velloziaceae 1146971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Talbotia elegans InflorescenceLeaves BotGard0906.JPG|vignette|''Talbotia elegans'']] Ny '''''Talbotia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] [[tokan-dravin-tsimoka]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Velloziaceae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Pandanales]]. Tsy manana afa-tsy karazana tokana izy io, dia ny '''''Talbotia elegans''''' Balf., (n)antsoina hoe '''''Xerophyta elegans''''' <small>(Balf.) Baker.</small>, izay tsy fahita afa-tsy ao [[Afrika Atsimo]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Acanthochlamys]]'' * ''[[Barbacenia]]'' * ''[[Barbaceniopsis]]'' * ''[[Nanuza]]'' * ''[[Vellozia]]'' * ''[[Xerophyta]]'' 763s4oag02hlzt8hqwnykeorx4j88w1 0 301353 1146995 2026-07-07T10:04:29Z ZATSY Mitarimy 35840 Namorona Lahatsoratra 1146995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', fantatra koa amin'ny anarana hoe <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Mialy Ravelomanana Andriamananjara<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, dia mpanoratra, mpandika literatiora ary mpamoaka boky malagasy. Nivoaka tamin'ny antolojia sy gazetiboky literera amin'ny teny anglisy sy frantsay ny asa sorany, ary anisan'ireo mpanoratra malagasy miasa amin'ny fampahafantarana ny literatiora malagasy amin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena izy<ref>Words Without Borders, « Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/mialy-andriamananjara/.Abhay</nowiki> K., « Mialy Andriamananjara interviewed by Abhay K. », Global Literature in Libraries Initiative, 24 Desambra 2021, <nowiki>https://glli-us.org/2021/12/24/mialy-andriamananjara-interviewed-by-abhay-k/</nowiki>.</ref>. 8btfv076rx9sb94syifqqxu69cj3ylc 1146996 1146995 2026-07-07T10:16:35Z ZATSY Mitarimy 35840 Nanampy Lahatsoratra 1146996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', fantatra koa amin'ny anarana hoe <nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''Mialy Ravelomanana Andriamananjara''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>, dia mpanoratra, mpandika literatiora ary mpamoaka boky [[malagasy]]. Nivoaka tamin'ny antolojia sy gazetiboky literera amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] sy [[frantsay]] ny asa sorany, ary anisan'ireo [[mpanoratra]] [[malagasy]] miasa amin'ny fampahafantarana ny [[literatiora malagasy]] amin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena izy<ref>Words Without Borders, « Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/mialy-andriamananjara/.Abhay</nowiki> K., « Mialy Andriamananjara interviewed by Abhay K. », Global Literature in Libraries Initiative, 24 Desambra 2021, <nowiki>https://glli-us.org/2021/12/24/mialy-andriamananjara-interviewed-by-abhay-k/</nowiki>.</ref>. == Fiainana sy fianarana == Teraka sy lehibe tao [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikara]], i '''Mialy Andriamananjara'''. Nianatra tany [[Paris]], [[Frantsa]], izy talohan'ny niorim-ponenany tany [[Washington]], D.C., [[Etazonia]]. Araka ny mombamomba azy ao amin'ny Global Voices, dia nianatra tany Frantsa izy ary manana diplaoma ambony amin'ny [[fifandraisan-davitra]] sy ny [[fandraharahana]]<ref>Global Voices, « Mialy Andriamananjara · Contributor profile », <nowiki>https://globalvoices.org/author/mialy-andriamananjara/</nowiki>.</ref>. Ny lahatsoratra navoakan'ny [[Amina]] tamin'ny taona 2008 dia nilaza fa nandalo tamin'ny sekoly injeniera tany [[Paris]] izy, avy eo niasa tamin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena, anisan'izany ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] tany [[New York]] sy ny [[Banky Iraisam-pirenena]] tany [[Washington D.C.|Washington, D.C]]<ref>Vola Ralambo, « Interview de Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>''Amina''</nowiki>, Jona 2008, https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/AMINAandriamanjara08.html.</ref>. <references /> b57p2dfu3dovwo9jgh0kv5vz6g9izdf 1146997 1146996 2026-07-07T10:30:36Z ZATSY Mitarimy 35840 Nanampy Lahatsoratra 1146997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', fantatra koa amin'ny anarana hoe <nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''Mialy Ravelomanana Andriamananjara''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>, dia mpanoratra, mpandika literatiora ary mpamoaka boky [[malagasy]]. Nivoaka tamin'ny antolojia sy gazetiboky literera amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] sy [[frantsay]] ny asa sorany, ary anisan'ireo [[mpanoratra]] [[malagasy]] miasa amin'ny fampahafantarana ny [[literatiora malagasy]] amin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena izy<ref>Words Without Borders, « Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/mialy-andriamananjara/.Abhay</nowiki> K., « Mialy Andriamananjara interviewed by Abhay K. », Global Literature in Libraries Initiative, 24 Desambra 2021, <nowiki>https://glli-us.org/2021/12/24/mialy-andriamananjara-interviewed-by-abhay-k/</nowiki>.</ref>. == Fiainana sy fianarana == Teraka sy lehibe tao [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikara]], i '''Mialy Andriamananjara'''. Nianatra tany [[Paris]], [[Frantsa]], izy talohan'ny niorim-ponenany tany [[Washington]], D.C., [[Etazonia]]. Araka ny mombamomba azy ao amin'ny Global Voices, dia nianatra tany Frantsa izy ary manana diplaoma ambony amin'ny [[fifandraisan-davitra]] sy ny [[fandraharahana]]<ref>Global Voices, « Mialy Andriamananjara · Contributor profile », <nowiki>https://globalvoices.org/author/mialy-andriamananjara/</nowiki>.</ref>. Ny lahatsoratra navoakan'ny [[Amina]] tamin'ny taona 2008 dia nilaza fa nandalo tamin'ny sekoly injeniera tany [[Paris]] izy, avy eo niasa tamin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena, anisan'izany ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] tany [[New York]] sy ny [[Banky Iraisam-pirenena]] tany [[Washington D.C.|Washington, D.C]]<ref>Vola Ralambo, « Interview de Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>''Amina''</nowiki>, Jona 2008, https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/AMINAandriamanjara08.html.</ref>. == Asa soratra == Manoratra amin'ny [[teny malagasy]], [[frantsay]] ary [[anglisy]] i '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', ary nivoaka tamin'ny [[antolojia]] sy [[gazety literera]] amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] sy [[frantsay]] ny asa sorany, saingy ny teny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|malagasy]] no fiteny anoratany akaiky indrindra aminy. Anisan'ny asa sorany amin'ny teny anglisy ny tantara fohy '''''The Promised Land,''''' izay navoaka tao amin'ny antolojia [[Dreams, Miracles and Jazz: New Adventures in African Writing]], natontan'i Helon Habila sy Kadija Sesay ary navoakan'ny Picador Africa tamin'ny 2008<ref>Madagascar Library, « Dreams, Miracles and Jazz: New Adventures in African Writing », <nowiki>https://www.madagascar-library.com/r/3720.html</nowiki>. Nisy ihany koa ny tantara fohy hafa navoaka tao amin'ny <nowiki>''</nowiki>Sable Magazine<nowiki>''</nowiki>.</ref>.Ny lohahevitra miseho matetika amin'ny asa sorany dia ny [[fifindra-monina]], ny [[fitadiavana]] maha-izy azy, ny fifandraisana amin'i [[Madagasikara]], ary ny adin'ny olona eo amin'ny fijanonana any ivelany sy ny fiverenana amin'ny [[tanindrazana]]. <references /> 3laxo7ba5nhflnibz35ojxja6u78u38 1146999 1146997 2026-07-07T10:40:49Z ZATSY Mitarimy 35840 Nanampy Lahatsoratra 1146999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', fantatra koa amin'ny anarana hoe <nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''Mialy Ravelomanana Andriamananjara''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>, dia mpanoratra, mpandika literatiora ary mpamoaka boky [[malagasy]]. Nivoaka tamin'ny antolojia sy gazetiboky literera amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] sy [[frantsay]] ny asa sorany, ary anisan'ireo [[mpanoratra]] [[malagasy]] miasa amin'ny fampahafantarana ny [[literatiora malagasy]] amin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena izy<ref>Words Without Borders, « Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/mialy-andriamananjara/.Abhay</nowiki> K., « Mialy Andriamananjara interviewed by Abhay K. », Global Literature in Libraries Initiative, 24 Desambra 2021, <nowiki>https://glli-us.org/2021/12/24/mialy-andriamananjara-interviewed-by-abhay-k/</nowiki>.</ref>. == Fiainana sy fianarana == Teraka sy lehibe tao [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikara]], i '''Mialy Andriamananjara'''. Nianatra tany [[Paris]], [[Frantsa]], izy talohan'ny niorim-ponenany tany [[Washington]], D.C., [[Etazonia]]. Araka ny mombamomba azy ao amin'ny Global Voices, dia nianatra tany Frantsa izy ary manana diplaoma ambony amin'ny [[fifandraisan-davitra]] sy ny [[fandraharahana]]<ref>Global Voices, « Mialy Andriamananjara · Contributor profile », <nowiki>https://globalvoices.org/author/mialy-andriamananjara/</nowiki>.</ref>. Ny lahatsoratra navoakan'ny [[Amina]] tamin'ny taona 2008 dia nilaza fa nandalo tamin'ny sekoly injeniera tany [[Paris]] izy, avy eo niasa tamin'ny sehatra iraisam-pirenena, anisan'izany ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] tany [[New York]] sy ny [[Banky Iraisam-pirenena]] tany [[Washington D.C.|Washington, D.C]]<ref>Vola Ralambo, « Interview de Mialy Andriamananjara », <nowiki>''Amina''</nowiki>, Jona 2008, https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/AMINAandriamanjara08.html.</ref>. == Asa soratra == Manoratra amin'ny [[teny malagasy]], [[frantsay]] ary [[anglisy]] i '''Mialy Andriamananjara''', ary nivoaka tamin'ny [[antolojia]] sy [[gazety literera]] amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] sy [[frantsay]] ny asa sorany, saingy ny teny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|malagasy]] no fiteny anoratany akaiky indrindra aminy. Anisan'ny asa sorany amin'ny teny anglisy ny tantara fohy '''''The Promised Land,''''' izay navoaka tao amin'ny antolojia [[Dreams, Miracles and Jazz: New Adventures in African Writing]], natontan'i Helon Habila sy Kadija Sesay ary navoakan'ny Picador Africa tamin'ny 2008<ref>Madagascar Library, « Dreams, Miracles and Jazz: New Adventures in African Writing », <nowiki>https://www.madagascar-library.com/r/3720.html</nowiki>. Nisy ihany koa ny tantara fohy hafa navoaka tao amin'ny <nowiki>''</nowiki>Sable Magazine<nowiki>''</nowiki>.</ref>.Ny lohahevitra miseho matetika amin'ny asa sorany dia ny [[fifindra-monina]], ny [[fitadiavana]] maha-izy azy, ny fifandraisana amin'i [[Madagasikara]], ary ny adin'ny olona eo amin'ny fijanonana any ivelany sy ny fiverenana amin'ny [[tanindrazana]]. == Fandikan-teny sy fampiroboroboana ny literatiora malagasy == Nandray anjara tamin'ny fandikana [[literatiora malagasy]] ho amin'ny teny [[anglisy]] i '''Mialy Andriamananjara.''' Tamin'ny taona 2015, niara-nandika tamin'i [[Allison M. Charette]] ampahany avy amin'ny '''''Mitaraina ny tany''''' nosoratan'i [[Andry Andraina]] izy; navoaka tao amin'ny Words Without Borders io dikanteny io amin'ny lohateny [[anglisy]] hoe '''''The Lamenting Land'''''<ref>Words Without Borders, « from “The Lamenting Land” by Andry Andraina », 1 Desambra 2015, <nowiki>https://wordswithoutborders.org/read/article/2015-12/december-2015-from-the-lamenting-land-andry-andraina-allison-m-charette/</nowiki>.</ref>. Tamin'ny taona 2021, nanoratra [[lahatsoratra]] momba an'i [[Elie Rajaonarison]] tao amin'ny Global Literature in Libraries Initiative izy, ary nampiditra fandikan-teny anglisy ny tononkalo malagasy sasany avy amin'i Rajaonarison<ref>Global Literature in Libraries Initiative, « #MadagascarLitMonth: The Poetry of Elie Rajaonarison », 27 Desambra 2021, <nowiki>https://glli-us.org/2021/12/27/madagascarlitmonth-the-poetry-of-elie-rajaonarison/</nowiki>.</ref>. <references /> 5j0qkiserqq4il04y4lepjvu5zupzct