Sumatera Barat

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    <title>Sumatera Barat</title>
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{{Kotakinfo provinsi
| nama = Sumatera Barat
| singkatan = Sumbar
| nama lain = Sumatra Barat
| julukan = Ranah Minang
| bendera = West Sumatra flag.png
| lambang = West_Sumatra_coa.svg
| caption = Dari kida ka suokː [[Danau Maninjau]], [[Painan]], [[Lambah Harau|Lambah Harau]], [[Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau]], [[Ngarai Sianok]], [[Istano Pagaruyuang]], [[Pulau Sikuai]], [[Tour de Singkarak]], [[Kantua Gubernur Sumatera Barat]], taranak jawi di [[Padang Mangateh]], [[Kelok 9]], kareta api di [[Danau Singkarak]]. angkutan umum, [[Kota Padang]], dan [[pacuan kudo]]
| motto = &lt;br&gt;''Tuah Sakato''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|120%|تواه ساكتو}}&lt;br&gt;([[Bahaso Minangkabau|Minang]]: Basupakaik mahasiakan mufakaik)&lt;ref name=&quot;Sumbarporv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last =|first =|authorlink =|coauthors =|year =|url = http://www.sumbarprov.go.id/details/news/340|title=Arti Lambang Tuah Sakato|work =|publisher = Pemprov Sumbar|accessdate = 20 Januari 2020|accessyear =|archiveurl =|archivedate =|quote =}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| peta = West Sumatra in Indonesia.svg
| tanggal = 1 Oktober 1945
| dasar hukum = UU Darurat RI No.19 Tahun 1957&lt;ref&gt;http://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/1301.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ibukota = [[Berkas:Logo Padang.svg|20px]] [[Kota Padang]]
| kota besar = [[Kota Bukittinggi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kota Payakumbuh]]
| luas = 42297.30
| luasdaratan = &lt;!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --&gt;
| luasperairan = &lt;!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --&gt;
| persenperairan = &lt;!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (%). --&gt;
| peringkat populasi = 12
| penduduk = 5534472
| kepadatan = 131,73
| nama gubernur = [[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]]
| nama wakil gubernur = [[Audy Joinaldy]]
| nama ketua DPRD = [[Supardi (politikus)|Supardi]]
| nama sekretaris daerah =  [[Hansastri]]
| kabupaten = 12
| kota = 7
| kecamatan = 147
| kelurahan = 877
| total APBD = &lt;!-- total Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD)   --&gt;
| tahun APBD = &lt;!-- tahun APBD   --&gt;
| PAD = &lt;!-- total Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD)  --&gt;
| dau = Rp 2.106.647.207.000,- ([[2020]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum  Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Februari 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| dak = &lt;!-- total Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK)  --&gt;
| suku = [[Urang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] 88,35%&lt;br&gt; [[Urang Mandailing|Mandailing]] 4,42%&lt;br&gt; [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]] 4,15%&lt;br&gt; [[Urang Mentawai|Mentawai]] 1,28%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
|last =
|first =
|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
|title =Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape
|date =
|year =2003
|url =
|accessdate =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| agama = [[Islam]] 97,48% &lt;br&gt; [[Kristen]] 2,29%&lt;br&gt;— [[Kristen Protestan|Protestan]] 1,36%&lt;br&gt;— [[Katolik]] 0,93% &lt;br&gt; [[Buddha]] 0,22%&lt;br&gt; Lainnya  0,01%&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DUKCAPIL&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=27 Februari 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| bahasa = [[Bahaso Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)&lt;br&gt;[[Bahaso Minangkabau|Minang]] (utama)&lt;br&gt;[[Bahaso Melayu|Melayu]], [[Bahaso Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Bahaso Mentawai|Mentawai]], [[bahaso Tamil|Tamil]]
| lagu = [[Ayam Den Lapeh|Ayam Den Lapeh]], [[Kampuang Nan Jauah di Mato|Kampuang Nan Jauah di Mato]], [[Kambanglah Bungo|Kambanglah Bungo]], Minangkabau.
| tari = Tari Pasambahan, Tari Piriang, Tari Rantak, Tari Payuang, Tari Indang
| sandiwara = Randai
| rumah = [[Rumah Gadang]]
| senjata = [[Karih]], [[Kurambiak]], Ruduih
| web = {{url|sumbarprov.go.id}}
| catatan = 
| translit_lang1_type1 = Alfabet Baso Minangkabau
| fauna = [[Kuau rajo]]
| IPM = {{increase}} 72,65 ([[2021]])&lt;br&gt;{{fontcolor|Green|Tinggi}}&lt;ref name=&quot;IPM&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2019-2021|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| kode pos = 25''xxx''-27''xxx''
| flora = [[Andaleh]]
| ISO = ID-SB
| TNKB = BA
| kode area = {{collapsible list|0751 — Kota Padang — Kota Pariaman — Kabupaten Padang Pariaman|
0752 — Kota Bukittinggi — Kota Padang Panjang — Kota Payakumbuh — Kabupaten Tanah Datar — Kabupaten Agam|
0753 — Kabupaten Pasaman — Kabupaten Pasaman Barat|
0754 — Kota Sawahlunto — Kabupaten Sijunjung — Kabupaten Dharmasraya|
0755 — Kota Solok — Kabupaten Solok Selatan — Arosuka (Kabupaten Solok)|
0756 — Painan (Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan)|
0757 — Renah Indojati|
0759 — Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
}}
| translit_lang1 = Bahaso Minangkabau
| tahun populasi =  2020
| populasi ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;BPS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last =|first =|authorlink =|coauthors =|year =|url =https://sumbar.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/438e46e73d9a64df8d8c34f2/provinsi-sumatera-barat-dalam-angka-2021.html|title = Provinsi Sumatra Barat Dalam Angka 2021|format =pdf|work =|publisher = BPS Sumbar|accessdate = 27 Februari 2021|accessyear =2021|archiveurl =|archivedate =|quote =|page=139-365}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]]
| utc = +07:00
| translit_lang1_info = سومترا برات
| translit_lang1_type = [[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]
| nama asli = 
| foto = {{Photomontage
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|spacing=2
|size=256
|photo1a=Panoramaninjau.jpg
|photo1b=
|photo3a=PDIKM Sumatra.jpg
|photo3b=Ngaraisianok.jpg
|photo3c=
|photo4a=Istano Pagaruyuang.jpg
|photo4b=Beach of Sikuai island.jpg
|photo4c=Tour de Singkarak 2013 (3).jpg
|photo2a=Sesudut Painan 2.jpg
|photo2b=Lembah harau 50 kota.jpg
|photo2c=
|photo5a=Kangub Sumbar Sep 2017.jpg
|photo5b=Lahan-rata-padang mangateh.jpg
|photo5c=
|photo8a=Fly Over Kelok Sembilan.jpg
|photo8b=KA Padang Panjang (train).jpg
|photo8c=Padang-1137101.jpg
|photo9b=Pacuan Bukik Ambacang.jpg
|photo9a=Padang Buminang Hotel.jpg
|photo9c=
}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = Sumat(e)ra Barat
}}
'''Sumatera Barat''' ([[Tulisan Jawi]]: سومترا بارت) nan biaso disingkek '''Sumbar''' adolah sabuah provinsi di [[Indonesia]] nan talatak di sabalah barat pulau [[Sumatera]] nan [[ibukota|baibu kota]] di [[Kota Padang|Padang]]. Provinsi iko babatehan jo provinsi [[Sumatera Utara]] di sabalah utara, [[Riau]] jo [[Jambi]] di sabalah timur, sarato [[Bengkulu]] di sabalah selatan. [[Kapulauan Mantawai|Kapulauan Mentawai]] nan ado di [[Samudra Hindia]] masuak kadalam wilayah administratif provinsi iko. Sadangkan [[ibukota]] dari provinsi iko adolah [[Padang]].

Sumatera Barat bapanduduak sabanyak 4.845.998 jiwa nan paliang banyak baetnis [[Minangkabau]] nan kasadonyo baagamo [[Islam]]. Provinsi iko tadiri dari 12 [[kabupaten]] jo 7 [[Kota (wilayah administratif)|kota]] jo pambagian wilayah administratif sasudah [[kecamatan]] di saluruah kabupaten (kacuali [[kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai|Kabupaten Kapulauan Mentawai]]) dinamokan sabagai [[nagari]]—sabalunnyo pado taun [[1979]] diganti jo [[desa]], kudian sajak [[2001]] dibaliakan ka namo samulo, iyolah [[nagari]].

== Sajarah ==
{{utama|Sajarah Sumatera Barat}}

[[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De woning van de gouverneur aan de westkust van Sumatra TMnr 3728-846.jpg|jmpl|kiri|254px|Rumah gubernur ''Westkust van Sumatra'' atau &quot;pantai barat Sumatera&quot; (litografi badasarkan lukisan Josias Cornelis Rappard, 1883-1889)]]
[[Berkas:Pagaruyung palace.jpg|254 px|jmpl|kiri|Istano Pagaruyuang]]Asa mulo namo Provinsi Sumatera Barat bamulokan pado zaman [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie]] (VOC), pagunonyo untuak sabutan wilayah administratifnyo yakni ''Hoofdcomptoir van Sumatra's westkust''. Kamudian sairiang makin mangueknyo pangaruah politik jo ekonomi VOC, sampai abaik ka 18 wilayah administratif iko alah mancakuik kawasan pantai barat Sumatera muloi dari Barus sampai Indrapura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asnan 2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Asnan|first= Gusti|authorlink= Gusti Asnan|title= Memikir ulang regionalisme: Sumatera Barat tahun 1950-an|year= 2007 |publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia |id=ISBN 978-979-461-640-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sairiang jo kajatuahan [[Karajaan Pagaruyuang]], jo talibeknyo [[Balando]] dalam [[Parang Padri]], pamarintah [[Hindia Balando]] mulai manjadikan kawasan padalaman [[Minangkabau]] sabagai bagian dari ''Pax Nederlandica'', kawasan nan barado dalam pangawasan Balando, sarato wilayah Minangkabau iko dibagi ateh ''Residentie Padangsche Benedenlanden'' jo ''Residentie Padangsche Bovenlanden''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amran&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Rusli|last=Amran|authorlink=Rusli Amran|year=1981|title=Sumatra Barat hingga Plakat Panjang|publisher=Penerbit Sinar Harapan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salanjuiknyo dalam pakambangan administrasi pamarintahan kolonial Hindia Balando, daerah iko tagabuang dalam ''Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust'' tamasuak wilayah ''Residentie Bengkulu'' nan baru disarahkan [[Inggirih]] bakeh Balando. Kamudian dipalaweh lai jo mamasuakan [[Tapanuli]], jo [[Singkil]]. Tapi pado taun [[1905]], wilayah Tapanuli ditingkekkan statuihnyo manjadi ''Residentie Tapanuli'', sadangkan wilayah [[Singkil]] diagiahkan kapado ''Residentie Atjeh''. Kamudian pado taun [[1914]], Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust, diturunkan statuihnyo manjadi ''Residentie Sumatra's Westkust'', jo manambahkan wilayah [[Kapulauan Mentawai]] di [[Samudera Hindia]] ka dalam ''Residentie Sumatra's Westkust'', sarato pado taun [[1935]] wilayah [[Kerinci]] digabuangkan juo ka dalam ''Residentie Sumatra's Westkust''. Samantaro wilayah [[Rokan Hulu]] jo [[Kuantan Singingi]] diagiahkan kapado ''Residentie Riouw'' pasca pamacahan ''Gouvernement Sumatra's Oostkust'', sarato juo mambantuak ''Residentie Djambi'' pado periode nan ampiang basamoan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asnan 2007&quot;/&gt;

Pado maso panduduakan tentara [[Japang]], Residentie Sumatra's Westkust barubah namo manjadi ''Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu''. Ateh dasa geostrategis militer, daerah [[Kampar]]/ [[Bangkinang]] dikaluakan dari ''Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu'' jo dimasuakkan ka dalam wilayah ''Rhio Shu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asnan 2007&quot;/&gt;

Pado awal [[kemerdekaan Indonesia]] pado taun 1945, wilayah Sumatera Barat tagabuang dalam provinsi [[Sumatera]] nan bapusaik di [[Bukittinggi]]. Pado taun 1949, [[Provinsi Sumatera]] kamudian dipacah manjadi tigo provinsi, yakni [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Sumatera Tangah]], jo [[Sumatera Selatan]]. Sumatera Barat sarato [[Riau]] jo [[Jambi]] marupoan bagian dari karesidenan di dalam [[Provinsi Sumatera Tengah]]. Pado maso [[PRRI]] di Sumatera, Pamarintah Pusaik badasakan [[Undang-undang]] darurat nomor 19 taun 1957, [[Provinsi Sumatera Tengah]] dipacah baliak manjadi tigo provinsi yakni [[Provinsi Sumatera Barat]], [[Provinsi Riau]], dan [[Provinsi Jambi]]. Wilayah [[Kerinci]] nan sabalunnyo tagabuang dalam Kabupaten [[Pesisir Selatan Kerinci]], digabuangkan ka dalam [[Provinsi Jambi]] sabagai kabupaten tasandiri. Baitu pulo wilayah [[Kampar]], [[Rokan Hulu]], jo [[Kuantan Singingi]] ditetapkan masuak ka dalam wilayah [[Provinsi Riau]]. Salanjuiknyo ibu kota provinsi Sumatera Barat nan baru iko adolah masih tatok di [[Kota Bukittinggi]]. Namun badasakan Suraik Kaputusan Gubernur Sumatera Barat No. 1/g/PD/1958, tanggal 29 Mei 1958 sacaro de facto manetapkan [[Kota Padang]] manjadi ibu kota Provinsi Sumatera Barat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Asnan 2007&quot;/&gt;

== Geografi ==
[[Berkas:Danau Diatas.jpg|200px|kiri|jmpl|[[Danau Diateh]], salah satu danau di [[Kabupaten Solok]]]]
[[Berkas:Pulau Sikuai.JPG|200px|kiri|jmpl|[[Pulau Sikuai]], salah satu kawasan wisata bahari di [[Padang]]]]

Sumatera Barat talatak di pasisia barat bagian tangah [[pulau Sumatera]] nan tadiri dari dataran randah di pantai barat jo dataran tinggi vulkanik nan tabantuak dek [[Bukik Barisan]]. Provinsi iko mamiliaki daratan salaweh 42.297,30&amp;nbsp;km² nan sarupo jo 2,17% laweh [[Indonesia]]. Dari laweh tasabuik, labiah dari 45,17% marupoan kawasan nan masih tatutuik dek [[hutan linduang]]. Garih pantai provinsi ko sadoalahnyo basantuahan jo [[Samudera Hindia]] sapanjang 2.420.357&amp;nbsp;km jo laweh parairan lauik 186.580&amp;nbsp;km².&lt;ref name=&quot;dkp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dkp.sumbarprov.go.id/index.php?mod=profil&amp;id=6|title=Potensi Sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan Sumatera Barat|work=Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Sumatera Barat|accessdate=2012-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kepulauan Mentawai|Kapulauan Mentawai]] nan talatak di Samudera Hindia tamasuak ka dalam provinsi iko.

Co daerah lainnyo di Indonesia, iklim Sumatera Barat sacaro umum basipaik [[tropis]] jo suhu udaro nan cukuik tinggi, iyolah antaro 22,6&amp;nbsp;°C sampai 31,5&amp;nbsp;°C. [[Garih khatulistiwa]] tapek malalui provinsi iko di [[Bonjol, Pasaman|kecamatan Bonjol]], [[kabupaten Pasaman]]. Di provinsi iko bahulu sajumlah [[sungai]] gadang nan bamuaro di pantai timur Sumatera co [[Batang Hari]], [[sungai Siak|Siak]], [[sungai Inderagiri|Inderagiri]] (disebut sabagai [[Batang Kuantan]] di bagian hulunyo), jo [[sungai Kampar|Kampar]]. Samantaro sungai-sungai nan bamuaro di provinsi ko surang umumnyo pendek-pendek, co [[Batang Anai]], [[Batang Arau]], Batang Agam, Batang Sinama, jo [[Batang Tarusan]].

Danau di Sumatra Barat di antaronyo: [[Danau Maninjau|Maninjau]] (99.5&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), [[Danau Singkarak|Singkarak]] (130.1&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), [[Danau Diateh|Diateh]] (31.5&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), [[Danau Dibawah|Dibawah]] (14.0&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), [[Danau Talang|Talang]] (5.0&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Gunuang jo gunuang api nan ado di provinsi ko antaro lain: [[Gunuang Kurinci|Kurinci]] (3.805 m), [[Gunuang Marapi|Marapi]] (2.891 m), [[Gunuang Sago|Sago]] (2.271 m), [[Gunuang Singgalang|Singgalang]] (2.877 m), [[Gunuang Talamau|Talamau]] (2.912 m), [[Gunuang Talang|Talang]] (2,572 m), [[Gunuang Tandikek|Tandikek]] (2,438 m).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Sieh|first1=Kerry|last2=Natawidjaja|first2=Danny|title=Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|date=December 10, 2000|volume=105|issue=B12|pages=28295–28326|doi=10.1029/2000JB900120|url=http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/P00e.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sumatera Barat marupolan salah satu daerah rawan [[Gampo bumi|gampo]] di Indonesia dek sabab lataknyo ado di jalur [[patahan Semangko]] tapek di antaro patamuan duo lempeng banua gadang, iyolah [[lempeng Eurasia|Eurasia]] jo [[lempeng Indo-Australia|Indo-Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/P00e.pdf|last=Sieh|first=K.|last2=Natawidjaja|first2=D.|year=2000|title=Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia|work=Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (B12)|pages=28, 295-28, dan 326}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gampo bumi gadang nan tajadi akhia-akhia iko di Sumatera Barat di antaronyo adolah [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009|Gampo bumi 30 September 2009]] jo [[Gampo bumi Kapulauan Mentawai 2010]].

=== Karagaman hayati ===
Sumatera Barat marupoan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia nan kayo jo sumber kaanekaragaman hayati. Sabagian gadang wilayahnyo masih marupoan hutan tropis alami jo dilinduangi. Babagai spesies langka masih dapek dijumpoi, misalnyo ''[[Rafflesia arnoldii]]'' (bungo tagadang di dunia), [[harimau sumatera]], [[siamang]], [[tanuak]], [[ruso]], [[Baribeh itam asia|baribeh]], jo babagai jinih [[buruang]] jo [[ramo-ramo]].

Ado duo taman nasional di provinsi iko, iyolah [[Taman Nasional Siberut]] nan talatak di [[pulau Siberut]] (Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai) jo [[Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat]]. Taman nasional tarakhia ko wilayahnyo mambantang di ampek provinsi: Sumatera Barat, [[Jambi]], [[Bengkulu]], jo [[Sumatera Selatan]].

Salain kaduo taman nasional tasabuik ado juo babarapo cagar alam lainnyo, iyolah Cagar Alam Rimbo Panti, Cagar Alam Lambah Anai, Cagar Alam Batang Palupuh, Cagar Alam Aia Putih di daerah Kelok Sembilan, Cagar Alam Lambah Harau, Cagar Alam Beringin Sakti jo [[Taman Raya Bung Hatta]].

=== Sumber dayo alam ===
[[Sumber dayo alam]] nan ado di Sumatera Barat adolah barupo [[batu baro]], batu basi, batu galena, [[timah hitam]], [[seng]], [[mangan]], [[ameh]], [[batu kapua]] (simin), [[kelapa sawit]], [[kakao]], [[gambir]], hasia tani jo parikanan.

Pasisia barat jo Kapulauan Mentawai mampunyoi banyak hasia lauik nan banilai ekonomi tinggi. Nalayan dapek manangkok baragam jinih ikan di kawasan ko. Ikan kerapu, udang, rumpuik lauik, kepiting, jo mutiara marupokan hasia lauik andalan. Daerah pasisia pantai, utamonyo kawasan kapulauan, mahasilkan banyak karambia. Di daerah darek ado banyak parak gatah, cangkiah, jo merica. Kawasan darek nan tatutuik dek utan mahasilkan kayu. Tantangan barek dari pengambangan patanian jo parak di kawasan ko iyolah medan nan balereang jo babukik-bukik.

Bahan galian banyak juo ado di daerah ko. Salah satunyo iyolah batuan kapua nan manjadi bahan pokok untuak industri simin. PT Semen Padang alah mamanfaatan kakayoan alam ko salamo puluahan taun. Batu kapua ado banyak di sakitar Pafang, Danau Singkarak, jo Padangpanjang. Di Padangpanjang, deposit batu kapua dapek mancapai 43 juta ton. Bahan galian lainnyo adolah batu baro di Sawahlunto sarato obsidian jo batu andesit di Padang Pariaman. Mato aia nan malimpah juo alah maagiah banyak manfaaik untuak pambangunan daerah ko. Parairan Danau Singkarak jo Maninjau alah lama dipakai sabagai pambangkik listrik tanago aia. Mato aia ko juo mampunyoi potensi gadang untuak diolah sarato dikamehan manjadi aia mineral.

== Panduduak ==
[[Berkas:Mesjid Raya Sumatera Barat.jpg|al=|jmpl|243x243px|[[Masajik Rayo Sumatera Barat|Musajik Rayo Sumatera Barat]]]]
[[Berkas:Masjid Jami Koto Marapak.JPG|243x243px|ka|jmpl|Musajik Jami di [[Kabupaten Agam|Agam]]]]
[[Berkas:Catholic church at Sawahlunto.jpg|243x243px|ka|jmpl|Gareja Katolik paninggalan [[Balando]] di [[Sawahlunto]]]]
=== Etnik ===
{{utama|Urang Minangkabau|Urang Mentawai}}
Mayoritas panduduak Sumatera Barat marupoan [[suku Minangkabau|urang Minangkabau]]. Di daerah [[Kabupaten Pasaman|Pasaman]], salain urang Minang ado pulo [[suku Batak|urang Batak]] jo [[suku Mandailing|urang Mandailing]]. Samantaro di Kapulauan Mentawai diuni dek [[Suku Mentawai|Urang Mentawai]]. Di sabagian kota di Sumatera Barat co Kota [[Padang]], ado baragam etnis lain cando [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]], [[Suku Tamil|Tamil]], jo [[Suku Nias|Nieh]]. Di daerah-daerah [[transmigrasi]] bak cando di [[Sitiung, Dharmasraya|Sitiung]], [[Lunang Silaut, Pesisir Selatan|Lunang Silaut]], [[Padang Gelugur, Pasaman|Padang Gelugur]] dan lainnyo ado pulo [[suku Jawa|urang Ja]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;o. Sabagian di antaronyo adolah katurunan imigran badarah Jao dari [[Suriname]] nan mamiliah baliak ka Indonesia pado maso akhia taun 1950-an. Dek [[Presiden Soekarno]] wakatu itu diputuihan basonyo ditampekan di sakitaran daerah Sitiung. Hal iko indak juo lapeh dari aspek politik pamarintah pusek sasudah rekapitulasi [[PRRI]] di [[Provinsi Sumatera Barat]] nan jolong tabantuak katiko itu.

Salain itu, ado juo baragam etnis nusantara lainnyo nan masuak sasudah kamardekaan sabagai parantau jo bakarajo di babagai bidang.

=== Bahaso ===
{{utama|Bahaso Minangkabau|Bahaso Mentawai}}
Bahaso nan digunokan dalam kasaharian iolah bahaso daerah iyolah [[bahaso Minangkabau]] nan punyo baragam [[dialek]], sarupo dialek [[Bukittinggi]], dialek [[Pariaman]], dialek [[Pasisia Selatan]], jo dialek [[Payakumbuh]]. Di daerah [[kabupaten Pasaman|Pasaman]] jo [[kabupaten Pasaman Barat|Pasaman Barat]] nan babatehan jo [[Sumatera Utara]], ditutuakan pulo [[bahaso Mandailing]]. Samantaro itu di daerah [[kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai|Kapulauan Mentawai]] dipakai b[[Bahaso Mentawai|ahaso Mentawai]].

=== Agamo ===
:''Caliak pulo [[Islam di Sumatera Barat]]''
[[Islam]] adolah [[agamo]] mayoritas nan dianuik dek panduduak Sumatera Barat nan kabanyakan pamaluaknyo adolah [[urang Minangkabau]]. Manuruik Sensus Panduduak 2020, pamaluak agamo Islam di Sumatera Barat mancapai 97,48%, kudian [[Protestan]] 1,36%, [[Katolik]] 0,93%, [[Buddha]] 0,22, jo [[Hindu]] 0,01%. Satu-satunyo kabupaten di Sumatera Barat nan indak mayoritas Islam adolah [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai|Kapulauan Mentawai]] jo mayoritas [[Kristen]] (Protestan 52,36% jo Katolik 31,13%).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/438e46e73d9a64df8d8c34f2/provinsi-sumatera-barat-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Barat|website=sumbar.bps.go.id|access-date=2021-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babagai [[tampek ibadah]] nan dapek tasuo di satiok kabupaten jo kota di Sumatera Barat didominasi dek [[musajik]] (5.218) jo [[surau]] (9 661). Musajik tagadang adolah [[Musajik Rayo Sumatera Barat]] di [[Kota Padang]], sadang musajik tatuo di antaronyo adolah [[Masajik Rayo Gantiang|Musajik Rayo Gantiang]] di Padang jo [[Musajik Tuo Kayu Jao]] di [[Kabupaten Solok]]. Arsitektur khas Minangkabau mandominasi baiak musajik maupun surau. Musajik Rayo Sumatera Barat mampunyoi bangunan babantuak gonjong, dihiasi ukiran Minang sakaligus [[kaligrafi]]. Ado juo musajik jo [[atok]] nan tadiri dari babarapo tingkatan nan makin ka ateh makin ketek jo saketek cakuang.

Salain musajik jo surau, dapek pulo tasuo tampek-tampek ibadah agamo salain Islam nan umumnyo indak didirikan di kabupaten-kabupaten di Sumatera Barat.  Khusus Kabupaten Kapulauan Mentawai, inyo mampunyoi jumlah [[gareja]] paliang banyak di Sumatera Barat, yaitu 254 dari 267 gareja protestan sarato 108 dari 131 gareja katolik nan ado di Sumatera Barat. Sumatera Barat juo mampunyoi gareja-gareja tuo paninggalan [[Hindia-Balando|Balando]] nan tagak di kota-kota nan jadi pusek-pusek pamarintahan zaman kolonial. Untuak panganuik agamo Buddha, ado 8 [[vihara]] nan didirikan dek komunitas urang [[Urang Cino Padang|Cino]] di [[Kota Padang|Padang]], [[Kota Bukittinggi|Bukittinggi]], [[Kota Payakumbuh|Payakumbuh]], jo [[Kota Padang Panjang|Padang Panjang]]. Samantaro untuak tampek ibadah agamo Hindu di Sumatera Barat, hanyo ado ciek [[pura]] di Kota Padang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/438e46e73d9a64df8d8c34f2/provinsi-sumatera-barat-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Barat|website=sumbar.bps.go.id|access-date=2021-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;width:72%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; | Tahun
! style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;&quot; | 2010
! style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;&quot; | 2020
|- Align=&quot;center&quot;
! style=&quot;background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; | Jumlah panduduak 
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color: black;&quot; | 4.845.998
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color: black;&quot; | [[Berkas:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 5.534.472
|-
| colspan=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:90%;&quot;|&lt;small&gt; Sajarah kependudukan Sumatera Barat&lt;br /&gt;'''Sumber:'''&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Pamarintahan ==
{{utama|Daftar Gubernur Sumatera Barat|Daftar kabupaten jo kota di Sumatera Barat}}

Provinsi Sumatera Barat dipimpin dek surang [[gubernur]] nan dipiliah dalam pamiliahan sacaro langsuang basamo jo wakianyo untuak maso jabatan 5 tahun. Gubernur salain sabagai [[pamarintah daerah]] baparan pulo sabagai pawakilan atau papanjangan tangan pamarintah pusek di wilayah provinsi nan kawenangannyo diatur dalam [[Undang-undang]] nomor 32 Taun 2004 jo [[Peraturan pemerintah]] nomor 19 taun 2010.

Samantaro hubuangan pamarintah provinsi jo pamarintah kabupaten jo kota bukan subordinat, masiang-masiang pamarintahan daerah tasabuik mangatur jo mauruih surang urusan pamarintahan manuruik asas otonomi jo tugeh pembantuan.

=== Daftar Gubernur ===
{{utama|Daftar Gubernur Sumatera Barat}}
{{:Daftar Gubernur Sumatera Barat}}

=== Dewan Perwakilan ===
{{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat}}
{{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat}}

=== Pamarintahan Nagari ===
{{utama|Nagari}}
Sampai taun [[1979]] satuan pamarintahan taketek di Sumatera Barat adolah [[nagari]], nan alah ado sabalun kamerdekaan Indonesia. Jo dibalakukannyo Undang-undang nomor 5 taun 1979 tantang pamarentahan desa, statuih nagari dihilangkan manjadi [[desa]], jo babarapo jorong ditingkekkan statuihnyo manjadi desa. Kaduduakan [[wali nagari]] juo dihapuih jo administrasi pamarintahan dijalankan dek para [[kapalo desa]]. Namun sajak bagulianyo reformasi pamarintahan jo otonomi daerah, mako sajak taun [[2001]], istilah &quot;Nagari&quot; digunokan baliak di provinsi iko.&lt;ref&gt;Franz and Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, &quot;Recentralization and Decentralization in West Sumatra,&quot; in Holtzappel and Ramstedt (eds.), ''Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges'', Singapore and Leiden, 2009, pp. 233ff. at 302.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sasdi|first=Ardimas|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20030108.F02|title=West Sumatra reinvents its original roots|work=The Jakarta Post|date=January 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125094822/http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20030108.F02|archive-date=January 25, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pamarintahan nagari marupoan suatu struktur pamarintahan nan otonom, punyo teritorial nan jaleh jo manganuik adaik sabagai pangatua tata kahiduikan anggotanyo&lt;ref&gt;Haris, Syamsuddin, 2005, ''Pemilu langsung di tengah oligarki partai: proses nominasi dan seleksi calon legislatif Pemilu 2004'', Gramedia Pustaka Utama, ISBN 978-979-22-1695-0.&lt;/ref&gt;, sistem iko kamudian disasuaikan jo konstitusi nan balaku di Indonesia, kini pamarintah provinsi Sumatera Barat manatapkan pamarintah nagari sabagai pangelola otonomi daerah tarandah untuak daerah [[kabupaten]] manggantikan istilah ''pamarintah desa'' nan dipakai sabalunnyo. Sadangkan untuak nagari nan ado pado sistem pamarintahan [[kota]] masih sabagai limbago adaik alun manjadi bagian dari struktur pamarintahan daerah.
 
Nagari pado mulonyo dipimpin sacaro basamo dek para [[pangulu]] atau [[datuak]] di nagari tasabuik, kamudian pado maso pamarintah [[Hindia-Belanda]] dipiliah salah surang dari para pangulu tasabuik untuak manjadi [[wali nagari]]. Kudian dalam manjalankan pamarintahannyo, wali nagari dibantu dek babarapo urang kapalo jorong atau ''wali jorong'', namun kini dibantu dek ''sekretaris nagari'' (setnag) jo babarapo [[pagawai nagari sipil]] (PNS) bagantuang jo kabutuahan tiok nagari. Wali nagari iko dipiliah dek ''anak nagari'' (panduduak nagari) sacaro demokratis dalam pamiliahan lansuang untuak 6 taun maso jabatan.

Dalam sabuah nagari dibantuak ''[[Kerapatan Adat Nagari]]'', yakni lambago nan baanggotakan Tungku Tigo Sajarangan. Tungku Tigo Sajarangan marupoan pawakilan anak nagari nan tadiri dari [[Ulama|Alim Ulama]], ''Cadiak Pandai'' (kaum intelektual), jo [[Niniak Mamak]] marupokan pamimpin suku dalam suatu nagari, samo jo [[Badan Permusyawaratan Desa]] (BPD) dalam sistem administrasi desa. Sagalo kaputuihan pantiang nan kak diambiak salalu dimusyawarahkan antaro wali nagari jo Tungku Tigo Sajarangan di Balai Adaik atau Balairung Sari Nagari.

=== Daftar kabupaten jo kota ===
{{utama|Daftar kabupaten jo kota di Sumatera Barat}}
{{:Daftar kabupaten jo kota di Sumatera Barat}}

==== Indeks Pambangunan Manusia ====
Barikuik iko Indeks Pambangunan Manusia (IPM) di kabupaten jo kota di Sumatera Barat. Laporan ko didapek dari Laporan Pambangunan Manusia Indonesia 2020 nan dipublikasikan dek Badan Pusat Statistik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.bps.go.id/indicator/26/370/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-ipm-provinsi-sumatera-barat-menurut-kabupaten-kota-metode-baru-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Sumatera Barat Menurut Kabupaten/Kota [Metode Baru] 2018-2020|language=id|access-date=2020-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1ex auto 1ex auto&quot;
|-
! class=&quot;sort&quot;|Paringkek
  ! class=&quot;sort&quot;|Kabupaten / Kota
  ! class=&quot;sort&quot; | Nilai IPM (2020)
  ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Nagara Pambandiang ([[Daftar nagara manuruik Indeks Pambangunan Manusia|UNDP]] 2019)
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;color:#090;&quot; | Sangaik tinggi
|-
|1
  | [[Padang|Kota Padang]] 
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00C400&quot; style=&quot;color:#FFFFFF;&quot; | 0.828
  | {{flag|Romania}}
|-
|2
 | [[Bukittinggi|Kota Bukittinggi]]
 | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00C400&quot; style=&quot;color:#FFFFFF;&quot; | 0.805
 | {{flag|Kuwait}}, {{flag|Mauritius}}, {{flag|Serbia}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;color:#0c0;&quot; | Tinggi
|-
|3
 | [[Payakumbuh|Kota Payakumbuh]]
 | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00F900&quot; | 0.789
 | {{flag|Albania}}, {{flag|Cuba}}
|-
|4
 | [[Solok|Kota Solok]]
 | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00F900&quot; | 0.782
 | {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|-
|5
  | [[Padang Panjang|Kota Padang Panjang]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00F900&quot; | 0.779
  | {{flag|Grenada}}, {{flag|Mexico}}, {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}, {{flag|Ukraine}}
|-
|6
  | [[Pariaman|Kota Pariaman]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#00F900&quot; | 0.769
  | {{flag|Colombia}}
|-
|7
  | [[Sawahlunto|Kota Sawahlunto]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#D3FF00&quot; | 0.726
  | {{flag|Tonga}}
|-
|8
  | [[Kabupaten Agam]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#D3FF00&quot; | 0.724
  | {{flag|Libya}}
|- style=&quot;background:#e6e6e6&quot;
  | –
  | '''Sumatera Barat'''
  | align=center | '''0.723'''
  | {{flag|Libya}}
|-
|9
  | [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#D3FF00&quot; | 0.723
  | {{flag|Libya}}
|-
|10
  | [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#D3FF00&quot; | 0.715
  | {{flag|Samoa}}, {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|-
|11
 | [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]]
 | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#D3FF00&quot; | 0.706
 | {{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;color:#fc0;&quot; | Manangah
|-
|12
  | [[Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.699
  | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|-
|13
  | [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.694
  | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|-
|14
  | [[Kabupaten Solok]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.690
  | {{flag|Maroko}}
|-
|14
  | [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.690
  | {{flag|Maroko}}
|-
|16
  | [[Kabupaten Pasaman Barat]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.684
  | {{flag|Guyana}}, {{flag|Maroko}}
|-
|17
  | [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.677
  | {{flag|Iraq}}
|-
|18
  | [[Kabupaten Pasaman]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFFF00&quot; | 0.666
  | {{flag|Cape Verde}}
|-
|19
  | [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]]
  | align=center bgcolor=&quot;#FFD215&quot; | 0.610
  | {{flag|Eswatini}}, {{flag|Ghana}}, {{flag|Vanuatu}}
|}

Sabagai kabupaten baru, Dharmasraya mandapek nilai tatinggi di antaro kabupaten-kabupaten baru lainnyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/26/awards-note-progress-regional-autonomy.html|title=Awards note progress in regional autonomy|last1=Indrasafitri|first1=Dina|last2=Sufa|first2=Theresia|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|date=April 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427045555/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/26/awards-note-progress-regional-autonomy.html|archive-date=April 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pandidikan ==
Sumatera Barat panah manjadi pusek pandidikan di pulau [[Sumatera]], utamonyo dalam pandidikan [[Islam]] jo [[surau]] sabagai basis utamo tampek pandidikan.&lt;ref&gt;Marsden, William, (2009), ''The History of Sumatra'', BiblioBazaar, ISBN 978-0-559-09304-3.&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso kolonial panjajahan [[Balando]], pandidikan Islam dikatapikan dibandiangan jo pandidikan model [[Hindia Balando]] nan dianggap labiah modern.&lt;ref&gt;Arif, Mahmud, (2008), ''Pendidikan Islam Transformatif'', PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara, ISBN 978-979-1283-40-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; class=&quot;centre&quot;&gt;
Berkas:Rektorat Universitas Andalas samping.JPG|Rektorat [[Universitas Andalas]]
Berkas:Asrama Diniyah Putri.jpg|Diniyyah Puteri, [[Kota Padang Panjang|Padang Panjang]]
Berkas:Gedung Rektorat Universitas Negeri Padang.jpg|Rektorat [[Universitas Negeri Padang]] 
&lt;/gallery&gt;Salapeh pangakuan kamardekaan Indonesia, di provinsi iko mulai banyak bamunculan lambago pandidikan utamonyo di taun 1950-an.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gusti&quot;&gt;Asnan, Gusti, (2007), ''Memikir ulang regionalisme: Sumatera Barat tahun 1950-an'', Yayasan Obor Indonesia, ISBN 978-979-461-640-6.&lt;/ref&gt; Ampia di satiok kabupaten jo kota dalam provinsi iko alah punyo [[perguruan tinggi]], dan sabagian gadang ado di [[kota Padang|Padang]], salah satu nan tanamo iyolah [[Universitas Andalas]] subagai kampus nan paliang tuo di Indonesia nan di lua [[Jawa|Jao]].

== Parekonomian ==
Sacaro batahap parekonomian Sumatra Barat mulai bagerak positif salapeh mangalami takanan akibaik dampak [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009|gampo bumi tahun 2009]] nan malando kawasan tasabuik. Dampak bancano ko nampak pado triwulan IV-2009, di mano patumbuahan ekonomi anyo mancapai 0,90%. Namun kini parekonomian Sumatra Barat alah mulai elok, jo tingkek patumbuahan di ateh rato-rato nasional. Pado taun 2012 ekonomi Sumatra Barat tumbuah sagadang 6,35%, labiah ancak dibandiangan taun sabalunnyo nan anyo sagadang 6,25%. Dan pado triwulan I-2013 parekonomian Sumatra Barat alah tumbuah mancapai 7,3%. Tingginyo patumbuahan ekonomi Sumatra Barat dalam tigo taun tarakhia, alah manurunkan tingkek kamiskinan di provinsi ko dari 8,99% (2011) manjadi 8% (2012). Untuak Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), pado taun 2012 provinsi ko mampunyoi PDRB mancapai Rp 110,104 triliun, jo PDRB per kapita sagadang Rp 22,41 juta.

=== Industri Pangolahan ===
[[Berkas:PT. Semen Padang.jpg|jmpl|236x236px|Kantua pusek PT. Semen Padang di [[Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan, Padang|Indarung]], Padang.]]
Industri Sumatra Barat didominasi dek industri skala kaciak atau rumah tanggo. Jumlah unit industri sabanyak 47.819 unit, tadiri dari 47.58 unit industri kaciak jo 234 industri gadang manangah, jo pabandiangan 203: 1. Pado taun 2001, investasi industri gadang manangah mancapai Rp 3.052 miliar, atau 95,60% dari total investasi, sadang industri kaciak investasinyo anyo Rp 1.412 miliar atau 4,40% sajo dari total investasi. Nilai produksi industri gadang manangah taun 2001 mancapai Rp 1.623 miliar, iyolah 60% dari toal nilai produksi, jo nilai produksi industri kaciak anyo mancapai Rp 1.090 miliar, atau 40% dari total nilai produksi.&lt;ref name=&quot;BI-E2&quot;&gt;http://www.bi.go.id [http://www.bi.go.id/web/id/DIBI/Info_Publik/Ekonomi_Regional/Profil/Sumbar/Ekonomi.htm Profil Sumbar]&lt;/ref&gt;

Untuak industri pangolahan simin, pado taun 2012 Sumatra Barat alah mamproduksi sabanyak 6.522.006 ton, labiah tinggi dibandiangan taun lalu nan anyo 6.151.636 ton. Samantaro volumen panjualan pado taun 2012 sabanyak 6.845.070 ton, maningkek 10,20% dibandiangan taun lalu nan sabnyak 6.211.603 ton.

=== Patambangan ===
Sumatra Barat mampunyoi potensi bahan tambang golongan A, B, C. Bahan tambang golongan A, iyolah batu baro ado di kota [[Kota Sawahlunto|Sawahlunto]]. Samantaro bahan tambang golongan B nan tadiri dari aia raksa, balerang, pasia basi, timbago, timah itam, jo perak taseba di [[Sijunjung]], [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya|Dharmasraya]], [[Kabupaten Solok|Solok]], [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan|Solok Selatan]], [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota|Lima Puluh Kota]], [[Kabupaten Pasaman|Pasaman]], jo [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar|Tanah Datar]]. Bahan tambang golongan C manyeba di saluruah kabupaten jo kota, nan banyaknyo tadiri dari pasia, batu, jo karekel.&lt;ref name=&quot;BI-E2&quot;/&gt;

=== Transportasi ===
Transportasi dari dan ka Sumatra Barat kini dihubuangkan dek [[Palabuahan Udaro Internasional Minangkabau]] jo [[Palabuahan lauik Taluak Bayua]]. Palabuahan Udaro Minangkabau mulai aktif baoperasi pado akhia taun [[2005]] manggantikan [[Palabuahan Udaro Tabiang]]. Palabuahan udaro ko tahubuang jo babagai kota utamo di Indonesia, mode [[Jakarta]], [[Kota Medan|Medan]], [[Batam]], [[Bandung]], sarato [[Kuala Lumpur]] di [[Malaysia]]. Untuak maningkekan aksebilitas Palabuahan Udaro Minangkabau, kini pamarintah manyadiokan kareta palabuahan udaro dari dan manuju pusek kota Padang.

Salain Taluak Bayua, transportasi lauik untuak jarak dakek bapusek di [[Palabuahan Muaro]]. Palabuahan ko antaro lain juo malayani transportasi manuju Kapulauan Mentawai jo manggunokan kapa feri atau ''speed boat''. Palabuahan Muaro juo manjadi tampek basanda kapa-kapa pesiar (''yacht'') dan kapa-kapa nalayan.

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Transportasi di Sumatra Barat&quot;&gt;
Berkas:Bandar udara minangkabau.jpg|[[Palabuahan Udaro Internasional Minangkabau]]
Berkas:Teluk Bayur Harbour1.jpg|[[Palabuahan Taluak Bayua]]
Berkas:KA Padang Panjang (train).jpg|Kareta api di tapian [[Danau Singkarak]]
Berkas:Fly Over Kelok Sembilan.jpg|[[Kelok 9]] 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Banyak jalan pangubuang sarupo Jalan Linteh Sumatra nan mambantang sapanjang provinsi, ujuang barat daya manuju ka [[Kota Medan|Medan]] jo uj uang tenggara manuju ka Jakarta, jalan antaro [[Kota Padang|Padang]] jo [[Kota Bukittinggi|Bukittinggi]], sarato jalan antaro [[Kota Bukittinggi|Bukittinggi]] jo [[Pekanbaru]]. Pamarintah provinsi barencana maningkekan kaduo jalan nan tarakhia disabuik salamo babarapo taun ka muko untuak malancaran jalan nan acok tasandek.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kkppi.go.id/lintassektor.php?pgstate=N&amp;enid=BO04050001&amp;langsel=E&amp;subid=A&amp;secid=O|title=6 Infrastructure projects to boost West Sumatra's rank|last=Tularji|date=April 25, 2005|work=Bisnis Indonesia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012701/http://www.kkppi.go.id/lintassektor.php?pgstate=N&amp;enid=BO04050001&amp;langsel=E&amp;subid=A&amp;secid=O|archivedate=September 29, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado Januari 2012, Kelok Sambilan sapanjang 970 meter alah siap untuak dipakai dan rasmi dibukak untuak lalu linteh pado April 2012. Kelok Sambilan nan aratinyo sambilan tikungan tajam marupokan area nan malalui jalan nan taapik bukik jo tabiang nan rapek di tangah lambah jo panorama nan rancak, tapi mambuek macet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/19/kelok-sembilan-overpass-set-open-april.html|title=Kelok Sembilan overpass set to open in April|date=January 19, 2012|work=The Jakarta Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522043134/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/19/kelok-sembilan-overpass-set-open-april.html|archivedate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah jalan layang dibukak, jalan Kelok Sambilan lamo masih tatap dibukak basamo jo jalan baru untuak tujuan palancongan.

Untuak transportasi antar kota, kini dilayani dek bus-bus AKDP dan AKAP sarato travel. Di Padang, angkutan umum bapusek di Terminal Bingkuang Aia Pacah. Di Bukiktinggi bapusek di Terminal Aua Kuniang, [[kota Payakumbuh|Payokumbuah]] bapusek di Terminal Koto Nan Ampek, dan [[kota Solok|Solok]] bapusek di Terminal Bareh Solok.

Transportasi darek lainnyo, [[kareta api]] masih digunoan untuak jalua dari Padang ka Sawahlunto, nan malalui Padang Panjang jo Solok. Pado jalua ko, kareta api anyo dipagunokan sabagai sarana paangkuik [[batubaro]]. Sadang dari Padang manuju Pariaman, kini masih digunoan untuak angkutan panumpang. Transportasi darek lainnyo nan masih digunoan, di antaronyo taksi, oplet, jo bendi.
== Pariwisata, Seni, jo Budayo ==

[[Berkas:Minang Jembatan Akar.jpg|200px|ka|jmpl|[[Titian Aka]], objek turis nan potensial di [[Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan|Pasisia Selatan]]]]
[[Berkas:Harau valley.jpg|200px|ka|jmpl|Lambah Harau di [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota|Limo Puluah Kota]]]]
[[Berkas:Surf holiday in the Mentawai islands.jpg|200px|ka|jmpl|Ombak [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai|Kapulauan Mentawai]] jadi tantangan para pasalancar]]
[[Berkas:2011jamgadang1.jpg|200px|ka|jmpl|[[Jam Gadang]] di [[Bukittinggi]]]]

=== Pariwisata ===
Badasarkan data dari [[Badan Pusat Statistik]], Sumatera Barat tacatek sabagai salah satu provinsi jo jumlah kunjungan wisatawan tabanyak.&lt;ref&gt;{{en}} [http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/71168/time-for-n-maluku-to-become-tourist-destination Time for N. Maluku to become tourist destination]. Antaranews. 8 Mei 2011. Diakses pada 21 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Sumatera Barat punyo ampiang sado jinih [[objek wisata]] alam sarupo [[lauik]], [[pantai]], [[danau]], [[gunuang]] jo [[ngarai]], salain objek wisata budayo. Akomodasi [[hotel]] alah banyak mulai dari kelas melati sampai bintang ampek. Agen tour jo travel di bawah kaanggotaan [[ASITA]] Sumatera Barat alah labiah dari 100 buah. Untuak malangkoki fasilitas panunjang pariwisata, pamarintah juo manyadiokan kareta api wisata nan baoperasi pado jam-jam tatantu.

Objek-objek wisata nan dikunjuangi para wisatawan di antaronyo, [[Titian Aka]] di kecamatan [[Bayang, Pesisir Selatan|Bayang]]; Rumah Gadang Mande Rubiah di [[Lunang Silaut, Pesisir Selatan|Lunang]]; Istano Karajaan Inderapura di kecamatan [[Pancung Soal, Pesisir Selatan|Pancung Soal]]; [[Pulau Cingkuak]] jo paninggalan Benteng [[Balando]] jo [[Puncak Langkisau]] di [[Painan]], kabupaten [[Pesisir Selatan]], [[Danau Maninjau]] jo Puncak Lawang Ambun Pagi di [[kabupaten Agam]], [[Lambah Anai]]; [[Istano Basa|Istano Basa Pagaruyung]], [[Danau Singkarak]] di [[kabupaten Tanah Datar]], [[Danau Talang]]; [[Danau Diateh]] jo [[Danau Dibawah]] dikana juo jo sabutan ''Danau kembar'' di [[kabupaten Solok]], Panorama [[Ngarai Sianok]]; [[Fort de Kock (benteng)|Benteng Fort de Kock]]; [[Jam Gadang]] di [[kota Bukittinggi]], Pantai Aia Manih; Pantai Muaro; Pantai Caroline; [[Pulau Sikuai]] di [[kota Padang]], Tampek wisata Harau di [[kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]], Tampek wisata Ngalau di [[kota Payakumbuh]], Candi Padang; [[Batu basurek Padang Roco]] di [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]], Pantai Kata; [[Pantai Gandoriah]] di [[kota Pariaman]], Pantai Arta; Malibo Anai di [[kabupaten Padang Pariaman]].

Samantaro itu babagai informasi jo literatur sijarah manganai Sumatera Barat jo kabudayoan [[Minangkabau]] sacaro umum dapek dijumpai di [[Pusek Dokumentasi jo Informasi Kabudayoan Minangkabau]] (PDIKM), nan talatak di tangah-tangah objek wisata [[Pakampuangan Minangkabau]] (''Minangkabau Village'') di [[kota Padang Panjang]]. Di PDIKM tadapek barupo dokumentasi foto mikrograf surek kaba, pakaian tradisional, kaset rekaman lagu daerah, dokumentasi surek-surek kapamarintahan jo alua sijarah masyarakaik Minangkabau sacaro taparinci khususnyo samanjak abaik 18 (periode panjajahan Balando) hinggo era 1980'an. Salain itu sumber literatur lain dapek ditalusuri di Perpustakaan [[KITLV]] (''Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde'') jo di Perpustakaan [[Universitas Leiden]], duo-duonyo di [[Leiden]], [[Balando]].

=== Olahraga ===
Provinsi Sumatera Barat punyo babarapo event olahraga nan baskala lokal, nasional maupun internasional dalam maningkekan pariwisatanyo, di antaronyo lomba [[pacuan kudo|pacu kudo]]. Palombaan pacu kudo iko alah manjadi tradisi jo manjadi bagian dari budayo masyarakaik Minangkabau khususnyo, kini alah manjadi rangkaian palombaan jo babarapo kota/kabupaten lain di Sumatera Barat nan mandapek kasampatan manjadi tuan rumah satu kali tiok tahunnyo, samantaro pesertanyo juo ado dari lua Sumatera Barat.&lt;ref&gt;travel.kompas.com [http://travel.kompas.com/read/2010/02/12/14501981/Pacu..quot.Kudo.quot..Bangkitkan.Pariwisata.Lokal Pacu &quot;Kudo&quot; Bangkitkan Pariwisata Lokal] (diakses 28 Oktober 2010)&lt;/ref&gt; Babarapo lapangan pacuan kudo tasabuik taseba di kota jo kabupaten nan ado dalam provinsi iko.

Samantaro [[Tour de Singkarak]] pado taun 2014, alah mamasuaki taun kaampeknya. Kajuaroan iko sacaro rasmi alah manjadi agenda paalekan tahunan ''[[Persatuan Balap Sepeda Internasional|Union Cycliste Internationale]]'' (UCI). Babarapo kawasan wisata manjadi bagian dari jalur lintasan lomba tamasuk [[Lambah Harau]], [[Danau Maninjau]], [[Kelok 44]], jo danau kamba [[Danau Diateh|Diateh]] jo [[Danau Dibawah|Dibawah]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.tourdesingkarak.com [http://www.tourdesingkarak.com/ TdS] (diakses pada 6 Juni 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Di sisi lain, cabang ulahrago [[parahu naga]] (''dragon boat'') juo rutin diadokan di Sumatera Barat, sarupo kajuaroan [[Parahu Naga Internasional]] di [[Padang]] nan mandatangkan paserta dari mancanegara jo lua [[provinsi]], sarato kajuaroan Dayuang Tradisional di [[Pantai Carocok]], [[Painan]] jo [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya|Dharmasraya]].

=== Musik ===
[[Berkas:Saluang flute.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Saluang]]]]
Nuansa Minangkabau nan ado di dalam satiok musik Sumatera Barat nan dicampua jo jinih musik apopun kini pasti ka nampak dari satiok karya lagu nan baredar di masyarakaik. Hal iko dek musik Minang dapek diracik jo aliran musik jinih apopun sahinggo lamak didanga jo dapek ditarimo dek masyarakaik. Unsur musik pambari nuansa tadiri dari instrumen alek musik tradisional [[saluang]], [[bansi]], [[talempong]], [[rabab]], [[pupuik]], [[sarunai]], jo [[gandang tabuik]].

Ado pulo saluang jo dendang, yakni panyampaian dendang (carito balagu) nan diiriangi saluang nan dikana juo jo namo [[sijobang]].&lt;ref&gt;Phillips, Nigel, (1981), ''Sijobang: sung narrative poetry of West Sumatra'', Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-23737-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

Musik Minangkabau barupo instrumentalia jo lagu-lagu dari daerah iko pado umumnyo basipaik melankolis. Hal iko bakaitan arek jo struktur masyarakaiknyo nan punyo raso pasudaroan, hubuangan kakaluargoan jo kacintoan ka kampuang laman nan tinggi ditunjang jo kabiasoan pai [[marantau]].

Industri musik di Sumatera Barat samakin bakambang jo muncuanyo seniman-seniman Minang nan dapek mambaurkan musik modern ka dalam musik tradisional Minangkabau. Pakambangan musik Minang modern di Sumatera Barat alah dimulai sajak taun 1950-an ditandoi jo lahianyo [[Orkes Gumarang]].

[[Elly Kasim]], [[Tiar Ramon]] jo [[Yan Juned]] adolah panyanyi daerah Sumatera Barat nan tanamo di era 1970-an hinggo kini.

Parusahoan-parusahoan rekaman di Sumatera Barat antaro lain: [[Tanama Record]], [[Planet Record]], [[Pitunang Record]], [[Sinar Padang Record]], [[Caroline Record]] nan talatak di [[kota Padang]] jo [[Minang Record]], [[Gita Virma Record]] nan talatak di [[kota Bukittinggi]].

Kini para panyanyi, pancipta lagu, jo panata musik di Sumatera Barat banauang di bawah organisasi [[PAPPRI]] (Pasatuan Artis Panyanyi Pancipta lagu Panata musik Rekaman Indonesia) jo [[PARMI]] (Pasatuan Artis Minang Indonesia).
[[Berkas:Randai2.ogv|jmpl|kiri|Sabuah patunjuakan [[randai]]]]

=== Tarian tradisional ===
Sacaro garih gadang seni tari dari Sumatera Barat adolah dari adaik budayo etnis [[suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] jo etnis [[suku Mentawai|Mentawai]]. Kakhasan seni tari Minangkabau umumnyo dipangaruahi dek agamo [[Islam]], kaunikan adaik [[matrilineal]] jo kabiasoan [[marantau]] masyarakaiknyo juo maagiah pangaruah gadang dalam jiwa sabuah tari tradisi nan basipaik klasik, di antaronyo [[Tari Pasambahan]], [[Tari Piriang]], [[Tari Payuang]] jo [[Tari Indang]]. Samantaro itu tadapek pulo suatu patunjuakan khas etnis Minangkabau lainnyo barupo papaduan unik antaro seni bela diri nan disabuik ''[[silek]]'' jo tarian, nyanyian jo seni paran (''acting'') nan dikana jo namo [[Randai]].&lt;ref&gt;Pauka K., (1998), ''Theater and martial arts in West Sumatra: Randai and silek of the Minangkabau'', Ohio University Press, ISBN 978-0-89680-205-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sadangkan untuak tarian khas etnis Mentawai disabuik ''Turuk Laggai''. Tarian [[Turuk Langai]] iko umumnyo bacarito tantang tingkah laku hewan, sahinggo judulnyo pun disasuaikan jo namo-namo hewan tasabuik, misalnyo tari buruang, tari cigak, tari ayam, tari ula jo sabagainyo.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.indosiar.com [http://www.indosiar.com/ragam/86393/sajian-tarian-khas-mentawai Sajian Tarian Khas Mentawai] (diakses pada 25 juli 2010)&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Berkas:Istana Pagaruyung 2018 (3).jpg|al=|kiri|jmpl|225x225px|[[Istano Basa]] di [[Pagaruyuang]] dibangun jo arsitektur khas Minang]]

=== Rumah Adaik ===
{{utama|Rumah Gadang|Uma}}
Rumah adaik Sumatera Barat khususnyo dari etnis Minangkabau disabuik [[Rumah Gadang]]. Rumah Gadang biasonyo dibangun di ateh sabidang tanah miliak suku/kaum tasabuik sacaro turun tamurun.&lt;ref&gt;Graves, Elizabeth E., (2007), ''Asal-usul elite Minangkabau modern: respons terhadap kolonial Belanda abad XIX/XX'', Jakarta:Yayasan Obor Indonesia, ISBN 978-979-461-661-1.&lt;/ref&gt; Indak jauah dari komplek rumah gadang tasabuik biasonyo juo dibangun sabuah [[surau]] kaum nan bafungsi sabagai tampek ibadah jo tampek tingga lalaki dewasa kaum tasabuik namun alun manikah.

Rumah Gadang iko dibuek babantuak ampek pasagi panjang jo dibagi ateh duo bahagian muko jo balakang,&lt;ref&gt;Azinar Sayuti, Rifai Abu, (1985), ''Sistem ekonomi tradisional sebagai perwujudan tanggapan aktif manusia terhadap lingkungan daerah Sumatera Barat'', hlm. 202, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Kebudayaan Daerah.&lt;/ref&gt; umumnyo babahan [[kayu]], jo sapinteh nampak co bantuak rumah pangguang jo atok nan khas, manonjol sarupo tanduak [[kabau]], masyarakaik satampek manyabuiknyo ''Gonjong'' jo dahulunyo atok iko babahan ijuak sabalun baganti jo atok seng. ''Rumah Bagonjong''&lt;ref&gt;Navis, A.A., ''Cerita Rakyat dari Sumatera Barat 3'', Grasindo, ISBN 979-759-551-X.&lt;/ref&gt; iko manuruik masyarakaik satampek diilhami dari [[tambo]], nan mangisahkan kadatangan nenek moyang mareka jo [[kapa]] dari [[lauik]]. Ciri khas lain rumah adaik iko adolah indak mamakai paku basi tapi manggunokan pasak dari kayu, namun cukuik kuek sabagai pangikek.&lt;ref&gt;''Mengenal Rumah Adat, Pakaian Adat, Tarian Adat, Dan Senjata Tradisional'', PT Niaga Swadaya, ISBN 979-788-145-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Samantaro etnis Mentawai juo punyo rumah adaik nan babantuak rumah panggung gadang jo tinggi lantai dari tanah mancapai satu meter nan disabuik jo ''[[uma]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Schefold R., (1991), ''Mainan bagi roh: kebudayaan Mentawai'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-274-5.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Uma'' iko dihuni sacaro basamo dek limo sampai sapuluah kaluargo. Sacaro umum konstruksi ''uma'' iko dibangun jo indak manggunokan paku, tatapi dipasak jo kayu sarato sistem sambungan silang batakik.

=== Sanjato Tradisional ===
Sanjata tradisional Sumatera Barat adolah [[Karih]] jo [[Kurambiak]]. Karih biasonyo dipakai dek kaum laki-laki nan dilatakkan di sabalah muko, jo umumnyo dipakai dek para pangulu tarutamo dalam satiok acaro rasmi ado tarutamo dalam acaro ''malewa gala'', salain itu juo biaso dipakai dek para marapulai dalam acaro majlis pakawinan nan masyarakaik satampek manyabuiknyo ''baralek''. Sadangkan kurambiak marupoan sanjato tajam ketek nan bantuaknyo malangkuang co kuku harimau, dek memang tainspirasi dari kuku binatang lia tasabuik. Sanjato iko dipakai dek para pandeka [[Silek Minangkabau|silek Minang]] dalam pataruangan jarak pendek, tarutamo nan manggunokan jurus silek harimau. Babagai jinih sanjato lainnyo juo pernah digunokan sarupo [[tombak]], [[pedang panjang]], [[panah]], [[sumpik]] jo sabagainyo.

=== Masakan khas ===
[[Berkas:Nasi Kapau.JPG|200px|ka|jmpl|[[Nasi Kapau]] salah satu masakan di Sumatera Barat]]
[[Berkas:Sate Padang2.JPG|200px|ka|jmpl|[[Sate Padang]]]]
{{utama|Masakan Padang|Masakan Sumatera Barat}}
Dalam dunia kuliner, Sumatera Barat tanamo jo [[masakan Padang]] jo [[restoran Padang]], jo citaraso nan padeh, dapek ditamukan ampiang di sadoalah panjuru [[Nusantara]], bahkan sampai ka lua nagari.&lt;ref&gt;Ramli, Andriati, 2008, ''Masakan Padang: Populer &amp; Lezat'', Niaga Swadaya, ISBN 978-979-1477-09-3.&lt;/ref&gt; Babarapo contoh makanan dari Sumatera Barat nan cukuik populer adolah [[Randang]], [[Sate Padang]], [[Dendeng Balado]], [[Itiak Lado Mudo]], [[Soto Padang]], jo [[Bubua Kampiun]].

Satiok kawasan di Sumatera Barat, punyo makanan sabagai ciri khas daerah, nan biaso dijadikan sabagai buah tangan (oleh-oleh) misalnyo: [[kota Padang]] tanamo jo [[bingkuang]], [[kota Padangpanjang]] tanamo jo [[pergedel jaguang]], [[kota Bukittinggi]] jo [[karupuak sanjai]], [[kota Payakumbuh]] jo [[galamai]]. Salain itu, Sumatera Barat juo punyo ratusan resep, sarupo kipang kacang, bareh randang, dakak-dakak, rakik maco, pinyaram, [[Karupuak Balado]], jo tamasuak juo maasiakan Kopi Luwak (Kopi siso Musang).

== Pers jo Media ==
[[Berkas:TVRI Sumbar.jpg|200px|ka|jmpl|TVRI Sumatera Barat]]
Ampia sadoalah saluran satasiun televisi nasional alah dapek manjangkau kawasan Sumatera Barat. Salain itu provinsi iko punyo juo babarapo satasiun televisi lokal, sarupo [[TVRI Sumatera Barat]], [[Padang TV]], [[Minang TV]], [[TV E]], [[Favorit TV]] jo [[Bukittinggi Televisi]] (BiTV).

Rato-rato di satiok kabupaten jo kota di provinsi iko alah punyo pamancar radio salain miliak pamarintah juo swasta, sarupo [[RRI Padang]], Radio Classy FM, Radio Jelita FM, Radio SK FM, Radio Fanesa 5 FM jo sabagainyo.

Sumatera Barat juo banyak punyo media cetak jinih surek di antaronyo [[ANTARA]] (Kantor Berita Indonesia) Biro Sumbar,&lt;ref&gt;http://www.antara-sumbar.com [http://www.antara-sumbar.com/ Antara Sumbar]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Padang Ekspres|Harian Padang Ekspres]], [[Harian Haluan]], [[Harian Singgalang]] jo lain-lain. Media cetak tasabuik juo tasadio jo dapek diakses sacaro ''online'' malalui [[internet]].

Pado awalnyo ''Sumatera Courant'' marupoan koran partamo nan tabik di Sumatera Barat dek pamarintah [[Hindia-Balando]] pado taun [[1862]]. Salanjuiknyo taun [[1877]] tabik ''Padangsche Handelsblad'' miliak swasta. Kaduo surek kaba iko manggunokan [[bahaso Balando]], jo baru pado taun [[1890]] tabik surek kaba bulanan ''Pelita Kecil'' nan alah manggunokan [[bahaso Melayu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Syam&quot;&gt;Syamdani, (2009), ''PRRI, pemberontakan atau bukan'', Media Pressindo, ISBN 978-979-788-032-3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caliak juo ==
* [[Daftar tokoh Sumatera Barat]]
* [[Uda Uni Sumbar]]

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bacoan lainnyo ==
* {{id}} Rusli Amran, (1981), ''Sumatra Barat hingga Plakat Panjang'', Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.
* {{id}} Audrey R. Kahin, (2005), ''Dari pemberontakan ke integrasi: Sumatra Barat dan politik Indonesia, 1926-1998'', Yayasan Obor Indonesia, ISBN 979-461-519-6
* {{id}} [[A.A. Navis]], (1984), ''Alam Takambang jadi Guru''. Jakarta: PT. Grafiti Pers.
* {{id}} M.D. Mansoer, (1970), ''Sedjarah Minangkabau'', Jakarta: Bhratara.

== Pautan lua ==
{{wikivoyage|West Sumatra}}
{{commons|West Sumatra}}
* {{id}} [http://www.sumbarprov.go.id/ Situs web resmi provinsi Sumbar]
* '''(Indonesia) [https://partnersablon.com Situs Sablon Sumatera Barat]'''
{{BI|Sumbar}}
* {{id}} [http://www.indonesia.travel/id/discover-indonesia/region-detail/23/sumatera-barat/ Informasi seputar Sumatra Barat]
* {{id}} [http://www.antarasumbar.com/ Situs Antara Sumbar] Portal Berita Sumatra Barat.
* {{id}} [http://www.cimbuak.net/ Situs Cimbuak.com] Portal Komunitas Minang.
* {{id}} [http://www.west-sumatra.com/ Situs West-Sumatra.com] Portal Parawisata Independen Komunitas Minang bertajuk fotografi.
{{Clr}}{{Wilayah Geografis|Centre=Sumatera Barat|North=[[Sumatera Utara]]|Northeast=[[Riau]]|East=[[Riau]]|Southeast=[[Jambi]]|South=[[Bengkulu]]|Southwest=[[Samudera Hindia]]|West=[[Samudera Hindia]]|Northwest=[[Samudera Hindia]]}}
{{coor title dms|0|56|16.94|S|100|21|38.3|E|region:ID_type:adm1st|display=title|name=Sumatra Barat}}
{{Gubernur Sumatera Barat}}
{{Sumatera Barat}}
{{Provinsi Indonesia}}
{{Sumatera}}
{{Provinsi di Indonesia}}

[[Kategori:Sumatera Barat| ]]
[[Kategori:Provinsi di Indonesia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Germaria angustata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>133397</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443915</id>
      <parentid>474832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T21:59:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Oronsay</username>
        <id>11629</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added image</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1098" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Germaria angustata
| status = 
| image = Germaria-angustata-2011-10-16-21.45.03-ZS-PMax (1).jpg
| image_caption = 
| domain = 
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Arthropoda
| classis = Insecta
| ordo = Diptera
| familia = Tachinidae| genus = | species = 
| taxon_authority = | range_map = 
| range_map_caption = 
| image2 = 
| image2_caption = 
| synonyms = 
}}
'''''Germaria angustata''''' adolah langau dari famili [[Tachinidae]]. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo [[Diptera]], kelas [[Insecta]], filum [[Arthropoda]], dan kingdom [[Animalia]].

Langau iko marupokan [[parasit]] [[Protelean]].

== Rujuakan ==
* {{cite web |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Tachinidae|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Germaria angustata}}
[[Kategori:Tachinidae]]


{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>7clfyhwpo1kh2e7j0t6mfj4d0xhcqbj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Daftar Presiden Indonesia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>228647</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443899</id>
      <parentid>2439053</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T14:38:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>3044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing SusiloBambangYudhoyono.jpg with [[File:Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono,_official_presidential_portrait_(2004).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8011" xml:space="preserve">Berikut adalah '''daftar [[Presiden Indonesia]]''' yang pernah menjabat.

{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;font-size:88%&quot;
|{{colbegin}}
{{legend|{{Non-partisan/meta/color}}|Non-partisan|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Golkar/meta/color}}|[[Partai Golongan Karya]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{National Awakening Party/meta/color}}|[[Partai Kabangkitan Bangso]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color}}|[[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia - Perjuangan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Democratic Party (Indonesia)/meta/color}}|[[Partai Demokrat]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{colend}}
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|--
! {{no.}}
! width=120px|Potret
! Nama&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Lahir-wafat)}}
! colspan=2|Maso jabat
! Partai politik
! colspan=2|Wakil presiden
|--
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Non-partisan/meta/color}}; color:black;&quot; rowspan=3|1
| rowspan=3|[[File:Presiden Sukarno.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=3 align=center| '''[[Soekarno]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1901–1970)}}
| rowspan=2| 18 Agustus 1945 ||rowspan=2| 12 Maret 1967&lt;ref&gt;Sukarno mamindahan kuaso presiden ka Suharto pado 11 Maret 1966 malaluai [[Surek Parintah Sabaleh Maret]], tapi sacaro rasmi gala presidennyo alun ditanggaan hinggo Maret 1967.&lt;/ref&gt; 
| rowspan=2| Non-partisan
! style=&quot;background:{{Non-partisan/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Mohammad Hatta]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan=2 | {{small|'''''kosong''''' (1956–1973)}}
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Salah satu dari [[proklamator kemerdekaan Indonesia]] dari [[Bulando]]. Mamimpin bangso dalam [[Revolusi Nasional Indonesia]] dan [[Konferesi Meja Bulek]]. Salah satu pandiri [[Pagarakan Indak Basakutu]] dan tuan rumah [[Konferensi Asia-Afrika 1955]]. Inyo mandeklarasian [[Demokrasi Tapimpin]] sasudah jatuahnya sapuluah pamarintahan salamo dekade 1950an, manggunoan [[Nasakom]] sabagai ideologi utamo. [[Pasatujuan New York|Manakluakkan Papua Barat]]. Manantang pambantuakan [[Malaysia]] dan mamulai [[Konfrontasi]]. Manandatangani [[Supersemar]] pado 1966, sasudah [[Pagarakan 30 September|pambunuahan anam jenderal]]. Turun kuaso pado 1967.}}
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:black;&quot; rowspan=7|2
| rowspan=7|[[File:President Suharto, 1993.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=7 align=center| '''[[Soeharto]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1921–2008)}}
| rowspan=6| 12 Maret 1967 ||rowspan=6| 21 Mai 1998
| rowspan=6| [[Golkar]] {{small|dengan dukuangan [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|militer]]}}
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Adam Malik]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Sudharmono]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Try Sutrisno]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[B. J. Habibie|Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]]
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Mandapekkan kuaso dari Soekarno malalui Supersemar pado 1966. Mambantuak [[Orde Baru]], malatakkan dasar kadikatoran militer dan [[Pambantaian kuminih di Indonesia 1965-66|mamarentahan pambunuahan jo pamanjaroan barami-rami]] ratusan ribu kaum [[Partai Kuminih Indonesia|kuminih]]. Indonesia manjadi pandiri [[ASEAN]] dan [[APEC]]. Mamutuihan ubuangan diplomatik jo [[Cino]] dan nagara kuminih lainnyo. [[Panakluakkan Timor Timur|Manakluakkan Timor Timur]]. Mangunduakan diri satalah kajatuahan ekonomi pado [[krisis kauangan Asia]] jo [[karusuahan Mai 1998 di Indonesia|karusuahan Mai 1998]].}}
|--
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:black;&quot; rowspan=2|3
| rowspan=2|[[File:Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie official portrait.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[B. J. Habibie|Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1936–2019)}}
| 21 Mai 1998 || 20 Oktober 1999
| [[Golkar]]
| colspan=2 | {{small|'''''kosong'''''}}
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Mandapek kuaso satalah pangunduran diri Suharto. Mamarintah salamo [[maso transisi Indonesia ka demokrasi]]. Malapehan Timor Timur lewat [[Referendum kamardekaan Timor Timur 1999]]. Malapehan ribuan tahanan politik.}}
|--
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{National Awakening Party/meta/color}}; color:black;&quot; rowspan=2|4
| rowspan=2|[[File:President Abdurrahman Wahid - Indonesia.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Abdurrahman Wahid]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1940–2009)}}
| 20 Oktober 1999 || 23 Juli 2001
| [[Partai Kabangkitan Bangso]]
! style=&quot;background:{{Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Mantan katua [[Nahdlatul Ulama]]. Maso jabatannyo dipanuah dek [[Buloggate dan Bruneigate|skandal jo kasus korupsi]]. Bausao untuak mareformasi [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|angkatan basanjato]] dan mancabuik kuaso politiknyo dari galanggang. Mangaluaan dekrit untuak mambubaran parlemen, tapi akhianyo dimakzulkan.}}
|--
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; rowspan=2|5
| rowspan=2|[[File:President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1947– )}}
| 23 Juli 2001 || 20 Oktober 2004
| [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia - Perjuangan]]
! style=&quot;background:{{United Development Party/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Hamzah Haz]]
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Anak Soekarno. Mamarintah satalah pamakzulan Wahid. [[Bom Bali 2002|Bali dibom]] pado 2002 dek [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]. Kalah di [[pamiliahan presiden 2004]] dek mantan mantarinyo surang.}}
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Democratic Party (Indonesia)/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; rowspan=4|6
| rowspan=4|[[File:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, official presidential portrait (2004).jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=4 align=center| '''[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1949– )}}
| rowspan=2| 20 Oktober 2004 ||rowspan=2| 20 October 2014
| rowspan=3| [[Partai Demokrat]]
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Jusuf Kalla]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Non-partisan/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|[[Boediono]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan=2 align=center| [[Pamiliahan presiden Indonesia 2004|2004]] – 60.62%; [[Pamiliahan presiden Indonesia 2009|2009]] – 60.80%
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Presiden partamo nan tapiliah lewat pamiliahan langsuang dek rakyat. [[Tsunami Samudera Hindia 2004]]. Indonesia manjadi salah satu anggota [[MINT (ekonomi)|MINT]] jo [[G-20]]. Tapiliah untuak maso jabatan kaduo pado 2009. Mambantuak [[Forum Demokrasi Bali]] dan manjadi anggota pandiri [[Open Government Partnership]]. Mamimpin diiriangi patumbuahan ekonomi nan taruih naiak. Pado maso jabatannyo nan kaduo, partainyo mangalami babarapo skandal korupsi.}}
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! style=&quot;background:{{Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot; rowspan=4|''7''
| rowspan=4|[[File:Joko Widodo 2014 official portrait.jpg|120px]]
| rowspan=4 align=center| '''[[Joko Widodo]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1961– )}}
| rowspan=2| 20 October 2014 ||rowspan=2| 
| rowspan=2| [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia - Perjuangan]]
! style=&quot;background:{{Golkar/meta/color}}; color:white;&quot;|
| [[Jusuf Kalla]]
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan=2 align=center| [[Pamiliahan presiden Indonesia 2014|2014]] – 53.15%
|-
| colspan=5|{{small|Presiden partamo nan indak barasa dari elit politik atau militer.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/world/asia/joko-widodo-populist-governor-is-named-winner-in-indonesian-election.html?_r=2 Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote], New York Times, 22 July 2014&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|}

== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}

== Caliak pulo ==
*[[Presiden Indonesia]]
*[[Daftar Wakil Presiden Indonesia]]

[[Kategori:Presiden Indonesia]]</text>
      <sha1>ikuu0tjsig63o8hr33xmyqqej4km71b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Meutia Hatta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>318141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443898</id>
      <parentid>1543676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T14:36:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>3044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Kabinet_meuthia.jpg with [[File:KIB_Meuthia_Hatta.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3879" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name               = {{PAGENAME}}
|image              = KIB Meuthia Hatta.jpg
|imagesize          = 180px
|caption            = 
|office4             = Anggota [[Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bidang Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan&lt;/small&gt;
|order4              = 
|term_start4         = 25 Januari 2010
|term_end4           = 20 Oktober 2014
|president4          = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] 
|1blankname4         = Ketua Dewan
|1namedata4          = [[Emil Salim]]
|predecessor4        = 
|successor4          = 
|office2             = [[Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan Republik Indonesia|Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan Indonesia]]
|order2              = 7
|term_start2         = 21 Oktober 2004
|term_end2           = 20 Oktober 2009
|president2          = {{nowrap|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]}}
|predecessor2        = [[Sri Redjeki Sumarjoto]]
|successor2          = [[Linda Amalia Sari]]
|office3            = [[Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia|Ketua Umum Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia]]
|order3             = 2
|term_start3        = 1 Desember 2006
|term_end3          = 13 April 2010
|president3         = 
|predecessor3       = [[Edi Sudradjat]]
|successor3         = [[Sutiyoso]]
|birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1947|3|21}}
|birth_place        = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Yogyakarta]],  [[Indonesia]]
|death_date         = 
|death_place        = 
|nationality        = [[Indonesia]]
|party              = [[Berkas:Logo PKPI.jpg|20px]] [[Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia|PKPI]]
|spouse             = [[Sri Edi Swasono]] (m. 1973)
|relations          = 
|children           = 2
|parents            = [[Mohammad Hatta]]
|alma_mater         = [[Universitas Indonesia]]
|occupation         = Politikus
|profession         = Birokrat, Dosen
|religion           = Islam
|signature          = 
|website            = 
|footnotes          = 
}}
Prof. Dr. '''Meutia Farida Hatta Swasono'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://staff.ui.ac.id/meutia.farida|title=Profil Staff UI: Prof. Dr. Meutia Farida Swasono, M.S.|website=Universitas Indonesia|access-date=15 Desember 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; (lahir di {{lahirmati|[[Yogyakarta]]|21|3|1947}}21 Maret{{lahirmati|[[Yogyakarta]]|21|3|1947}}) adolah surang ahli antropologi dan politikus [[Indonesia]] badarah [[Urang Minang|Minangkabau]] nan manjabaik sabagai anggota Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden sajak 25 Januari [[2010]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|Date=26 Januari 2010|title=Pelantikan Wantimpres: &quot;Lingkaran Dalam&quot; Presiden Bertambah|url=http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2010/01/26/0327592/lingkaran.dalam..presiden.bertambah|date=26 Januari 2010|accessdate=26 Januari 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabalunnyo Inyo manjabaik sabagai Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan dalam Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu ([[2004]] hingga [[2009]]).

Meutia adolah putri mantan wakil presiden jo proklamator [[Indonesia]], [[Mohammad Hatta]]. Inyo mandapaik gala doktor dalam bidang antropologi dari [[Universitas Indonesia]] pado taun [[1991]]. Pado taun [[2002]]–[[2005]] inyo adolah Ketua Umum Yayasan Hatta.

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* (Inggirih) [http://www.pwhce.org/apr/meutia_farida_hatta_swasono.html Profil singkat]
* (Indonesia) [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/m/meuthia-hatta/index.shtml Profil di tokohindonesia.com]

{{kotak mulai}}
{{S-off}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan Republik Indonesia|Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan]]|pendahulu=[[Sri Redjeki Sumarjoto]]|tahun=2004–2009|pengganti=[[Linda Amalia Sari]]}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{Succession box 
 |title  = [[Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia|Ketua Umum Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia]]
 |years  = 2006–2010
 |with   =
 |before = [[Edi Sudradjat]]
 |after  = [[Sutiyoso]]
}}
{{kotak selesai}}
{{Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu|state=collapsed}}

[[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]]</text>
      <sha1>cnkaqm7jqthb8bl8umbpnxk8dpm57r4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nasi lamak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>319384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443924</id>
      <parentid>2439247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T10:04:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1123" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name = Nasi lamak
| image = [[Berkas:Nasi_lemac_(cropped).jpg|jmpl|]]
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Nasi lamak nan disajikan di [[Jakarta]]{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Nasi lemak|Media: Nasi lamak]]
| alternate_name =Nasi uduk
| country = [[Indonesia]]
| region = [[Jawa]] jo [[Sumatra]]
| creator =
| course = Menu utamo
| served = Paneh atau suhu kamar
| main_ingredient = [[Bareh#Pautan lua|Bareh]] dimasak dalam [[santan]] [[karambia]] dangan lauk pauk
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''Nasi lamak''' marupoan makanan khas Minangkabau, nan mano makanan ko biaso di idangkan di alek-alek tatantu pado zaman daulu, makanan ko barasa dari bareh katan nan bawarna putiah dapek juo bawarna sirah jo itam, makanan ko di idangan jo karambia nan alah di paruik jo goreng pisang. Biasonyo nasi iko dimakan juo basamo jo pisang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cookpad.com/id/resep/1565333-nasi-lamak-ba-luo|title=Nasi lamak|last=Rahmawati|first=Suci|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Kategori:Masakan Malaysia]]</text>
      <sha1>rorog1olzd8yak88bl99o6ii9fb0bwr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443925</id>
      <parentid>2443924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T10:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1176" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name = Nasi lamak
| image = [[Berkas:Nasi_lemac_(cropped).jpg|jmpl|]]
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Nasi lamak nan disajikan di [[Jakarta]]{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Nasi lemak|Media: Nasi lamak]]
| alternate_name =Nasi uduk
| country = [[Indonesia]]
| region = [[Jawa]] jo [[Sumatra]]
| creator =
| course = Menu utamo
| served = Paneh atau suhu kamar
| main_ingredient = [[Bareh#Pautan lua|Bareh]] dimasak dalam [[santan]] [[karambia]] dangan lauk pauk
| calories =
| other =
}}
[[Berkas:BUMBU NASI UDUK.png|jmpl|Bahan nasi lamak]]
'''Nasi lamak''' marupoan makanan khas Minangkabau, nan mano makanan ko biaso di idangkan di alek-alek tatantu pado zaman daulu, makanan ko barasa dari bareh katan nan bawarna putiah dapek juo bawarna sirah jo itam, makanan ko di idangan jo karambia nan alah di paruik jo goreng pisang. Biasonyo nasi iko dimakan juo basamo jo pisang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cookpad.com/id/resep/1565333-nasi-lamak-ba-luo|title=Nasi lamak|last=Rahmawati|first=Suci|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Kategori:Masakan Malaysia]]</text>
      <sha1>q98t03ir5cg889qwkfedud1yqvt2o1y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Semen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386516</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443922</id>
      <parentid>2443454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T06:55:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1483" xml:space="preserve">{{disambiginfo|Semen}}
{{Infobox rock
|name=Semen
|type=Gamping
|image=Collage_cement.jpg
|caption=Bamacam-macam semen nan dibungkuih.
|composition=
}}
[[File:USMC-110806-M-IX060-148.jpg|thumb|Bubuak semen, di siko dikondisikan dalam kantong, siap dicampua dangan material konstruksi dan aia. Manyobarkan dobu semen kariang di udaro haruih dihindari untuak mancagah masalah kasehatan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Draeger: Guide for selection and use of filtering devices|url=https://www.draeger.com/Library/Content/ab-selection-guide-fl-9045782-en-1502-3.pdf |date=22 May 2020|website=Draeger|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200522143702/https://www.draeger.com/Library/Content/ab-selection-guide-fl-9045782-en-1502-3.pdf |archive-date=22 May 2020|access-date=22 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Semen''' adolah zat nan paguno untuak pangikek [[batu]], [[Batu bata|bata]], [[Batu bata|batako]], maupun [[bahan bangunan]] lainnyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46455844 |title=The massive CO2 emitter you may not know about|last=Rodgers|first=Lucy |date=17 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=17 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sadangkan kato semen ko baasa dari ''caementum'' (''bahaso Latin''), nan artinyo &quot;''mamotong manjadi bagian-bagian ketek tak baraturan''&quot;.

==Produksi semen==
==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Palutan lua==
*{{id}}{{Commons category-inline|Cement|semen}}
* {{en}} {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Cement |volume=5 |short=x}}</text>
      <sha1>nvxukc6aqi1uq8vzowo9bkuzsm9b4mo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Peragawan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386702</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443897</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T12:14:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.10.65.146</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Infobox karojo urang | name            = Peragawan | image           = [[Berkas:Moslema_in_style_(8090401398).jpg|200px|jmpl|]] | caption         = [[Pokan busano|Fashion show]] muslimah di PWTC | official_names  = Peragawan | type            =  | activity_sector =  | competencies    = Tinggi badan, barek badan proporsional, [[Autodidak]] | employment_field   =  | related_occupation =  | average_salary     = }} Peragawan ([[padusi|feminin]]:peragawati) atau model...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="802" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox karojo urang
| name            = Peragawan
| image           = [[Berkas:Moslema_in_style_(8090401398).jpg|200px|jmpl|]]
| caption         = [[Pokan busano|Fashion show]] muslimah di PWTC
| official_names  = Peragawan
| type            = 
| activity_sector = 
| competencies    = Tinggi badan, barek badan proporsional, [[Autodidak]]
| employment_field   = 
| related_occupation = 
| average_salary     =
}}
Peragawan ([[padusi|feminin]]:peragawati) atau model [[manusia|urang]] adolah surang nan dipakarojoan untuak tujuan manampilkan dan mampromosikan [[mode]] [[pakaian]] atau produk lainnyo dan untuak tujuan [[iklan]] atau promosi atau nan bapose untuak [[karyo soni]].

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category-inline|Female models|peragawati}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>qn608p9qett9b7nf3t5tk2s7z6qmy0m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Badan Rumah Tangga Kakaisaran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386703</id>
    <redirect title="Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran" />
    <revision>
      <id>2443901</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T15:22:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mengalihkan ke [[Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#ALIAH[[Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]]</text>
      <sha1>tvu7k7rym73qkua64f13edj69oe0bhb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443902</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T15:51:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Infobox government agency |agency_name     = Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran |nativename_a    = {{lang|ja|宮内庁}} |nativename_r    = {{lang|ja-Latn|Kunai-chō|italic=no}} |logo            = |logo_width      = |logo_caption    = | image          = Imperial Household Agency.jpg | image_size     = 253px | image_caption  = Gaduang Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran di halaman [[Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo|Istano Kakaisaran]] di {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]|itali...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2663" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name     = Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran
|nativename_a    = {{lang|ja|宮内庁}}
|nativename_r    = {{lang|ja-Latn|Kunai-chō|italic=no}}
|logo            =
|logo_width      =
|logo_caption    =
| image          = Imperial Household Agency.jpg
| image_size     = 253px
| image_caption  = Gaduang Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran di halaman [[Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo|Istano Kakaisaran]] di {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]|italic=no}}, [[Tokyo]]
|seal            = Go-shichi_no_kiri_crest.svg
|seal_width      = 100px
|seal_caption    = 
|formed          = {{start date|df=yes|1949|6|1}}
|date1           = 
|date1_name      =
|date2           =
|date2_name      =
|preceding1      = Kantua Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran (1947-1949)
|preceding2      = [[Kamantrian Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]] (701-1947)
|dissolved       =
|superseding     =
|jurisdiction    = {{JPN}}
|headquarters    = 1-1 {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo|Chiyoda]], Chiyoda-ku|italic=no}}, Tokyo 100-8111, [[Japang|Jopang]]
|employees       = 1,053
|budget          = [[Yen Japang|¥]]17,766M&lt;small&gt;(FY 2007)&lt;/small&gt;(''[[Pitih karateh|Banknote]]'') 
|chief1_name     = {{lang|ja-Latn|Yasuhiko Nishimura|italic=no}}
|chief1_position = Kapalo panguruih
|chief2_name     = {{lang|ja-Latn|Kenji Ikeda|italic=no}}
|chief2_position = Wakil kapalo panguruih
|parent_agency   = [[Kantua Kabinet (Japang)|Kantua Kabinet]]
|child1_agency   =
|child2_agency   =
|website         = {{URL|http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html}}
|footnotes       =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran'''|宮内庁|Kunai-chō}} adolah sabuah badan [[Pamarentah|pamarintahan]] Jopang nan batangguang jawab ateh hal-hal nan bakaitan dangan [[Wangsa Kakaisaran Japang|kaluargo kakaisaran Jopang]] saroto manjago [[Cap Pribadi Japang|Cap Pribadi]] dan [[Cap Nagara Japang|Cap Nagaro]]. Pado abad kadalapan baleh satolah [[Parang Dunia II|Parang Dunia Kaduo]], badan iko baubah namo manjadi {{nihongo|[[Kamantrian Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]]|宮内省|Kunai-shō}}.

Badan iko punyo kaunikan di antaro lembaga pamarentah dan kamantrian konvensional, basobok indak malapor langsuang kapado [[Pardana Mantari Japang|Pardana Mantari]] di tingkek kabinet, idak juo tapangaruah dek undang-undang nan manatokkannyo sabagai [[Lembaga Administrasi Independen]].

==Organisasi dan guno==

==Carito==
==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Catatan==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;catatan&quot;}}

==Pautan lua==
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Situs Web Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]
*{{Commons category-inline|Imperial Household Agency|Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran}}

{{Authority control}}

{{japang-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>di6hz9shzgi7ktmnnitgovw7wpjy1on</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Templat:Country abbreviation</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>386705</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443903</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T15:56:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:#invoke:Country extract|main|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="129" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:#invoke:Country extract|main|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5mzzbyzop9j924bc73qucdp562iytgw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:Country extract</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>386706</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443904</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T15:58:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;local p = {} -- -- to enable us to replicate the current functioning of CountryAbbr and CountryAbbr2 -- We need to deal with  -- 1 alternative names ISO 3166 should do that -- 2 {{&lt;name&gt;}} -- 3 [ [&lt;name&gt;] ] -- 4 [ [&lt;name&gt;|&lt;junk&gt;] ] -- 5 [ [image:flag of &lt;country&gt;.[svg|gif|png|jpg]|\d+px] ] --  function p.extractCountry(frame)    local string= mw.ustring.toNFC (frame.args[1])    local match=nil;    match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;Bendera ([^\.]*)&quot;)    if (match) th...&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23462" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}
--
-- to enable us to replicate the current functioning of CountryAbbr and CountryAbbr2
-- We need to deal with 
-- 1 alternative names ISO 3166 should do that
-- 2 {{&lt;name&gt;}}
-- 3 [ [&lt;name&gt;] ]
-- 4 [ [&lt;name&gt;|&lt;junk&gt;] ]
-- 5 [ [image:flag of &lt;country&gt;.[svg|gif|png|jpg]|\d+px] ]
--

function p.extractCountry(frame)
   local string= mw.ustring.toNFC (frame.args[1])
   local match=nil;
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;Bendera ([^\.]*)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end 
-- () for Cocos (Keeling) Islands
-- ' For  People's 
-- . for U.S. etc.
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;(%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   if (match == &quot;Image&quot;) then
       string = mw.ustring.gsub(string, match, &quot;&quot;)
       match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;[\|\[](%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   end
   if (match == &quot;20px&quot;) then
       string = mw.ustring.gsub(string, match, &quot;&quot;)
       match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;\[(%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   end 
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end
   return  string
end

--[[ 


]]

function p.extractSubdivision(frame)
   local string= mw.ustring.toNFC (frame.args[1])
   local match=nil;
-- Needed for {{flag|Greenland}},
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;Bendera ([^\.]*)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end 
-- . needed for Washington D.C. 
-- ' for cote d'azur
-- leading ' for 'Aden
-- ‘ and trailing ' for Şan‘ā'
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;('?[%u][%a'‘ \.\,-]+[%a\.'\d]+)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end
   return  string
end

local countries = {
	[&quot;Andorra&quot;] = &quot;AD&quot;,
	[&quot;Uni Emirat Arab&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
	[&quot;Afganistan&quot;] = &quot;AF&quot;,
	[&quot;Antigua dan Barbuda&quot;] = &quot;AG&quot;,
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = &quot;AI&quot;,
	[&quot;Albania&quot;] = &quot;AL&quot;,
	[&quot;Armenia&quot;] = &quot;AM&quot;,
	[&quot;Angola&quot;] = &quot;AO&quot;,
	[&quot;Antarktika&quot;] = &quot;AQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Argentina&quot;] = &quot;AR&quot;,
	[&quot;Samoa Amerika&quot;] = &quot;AS&quot;,
	[&quot;Austria&quot;] = &quot;AT&quot;,
	[&quot;Australia&quot;] = &quot;AU&quot;,
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = &quot;AW&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Åland&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Aland&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
	[&quot;Azerbaijan&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Republik Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Bosnia dan Herzegovina&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
	[&quot;Bosnia&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
	[&quot;Barbados&quot;] = &quot;BB&quot;,
	[&quot;Bangladesh&quot;] = &quot;BD&quot;,
	[&quot;Belgia&quot;] = &quot;BE&quot;,
	[&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;] = &quot;BF&quot;,
	[&quot;Bulgaria&quot;] = &quot;BG&quot;,
	[&quot;Bahrain&quot;] = &quot;BH&quot;,
	[&quot;Burundi&quot;] = &quot;BI&quot;,
	[&quot;Benin&quot;] = &quot;BJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = &quot;BM&quot;,
	[&quot;Brunei&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
	[&quot;Brunei Darussalam&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
	[&quot;Bolivia&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
	[&quot;Negara Plurinasional Bolivia&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
	[&quot;Bonaire, Sint Eustatius dan Saba&quot;] = &quot;BQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Brasil&quot;] = &quot;BR&quot;,
	[&quot;Bahama&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;The Bahamas&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;the Bahamas&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;Bhutan&quot;] = &quot;BT&quot;,
	[&quot;Pulau Bouvet&quot;] = &quot;BV&quot;,
	[&quot;Botswana&quot;] = &quot;BW&quot;,
	[&quot;Belarusia&quot;] = &quot;BY&quot;,
	[&quot;Belize&quot;] = &quot;BZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Kanada&quot;] = &quot;CA&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Cocos&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Keeling&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Demokratik Kongo&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Demokratik Congo&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DR Congo&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo-Kinshasa&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DROC&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Afrika Tengah&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Kongo&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo-Brazzaville&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Kongo Barat&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Swiss&quot;] = &quot;CH&quot;,
	[&quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
	[&quot;Pantai Gading&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Cook&quot;] = &quot;CK&quot;,
	[&quot;Chili&quot;] = &quot;CL&quot;,
	[&quot;Kamerun&quot;] = &quot;CM&quot;,
	[&quot;China&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;RRT&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Rakyat Tiongkok&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;Kolombia&quot;] = &quot;CO&quot;,
	[&quot;Kosta Rika&quot;] = &quot;CR&quot;,
	[&quot;Kuba&quot;] = &quot;CU&quot;,
	[&quot;Tanjung Verde&quot;] = &quot;CV&quot;,
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
	[&quot;Curacao&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
	[&quot;Pulau Natal&quot;] = &quot;CX&quot;,
	[&quot;Siprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Cyprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
	[&quot;Siprus Utara&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Republik Turki Siprus Utara&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Republik Ceko&quot;] = &quot;CZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Jerman&quot;] = &quot;DE&quot;,
	[&quot;Djibouti&quot;] = &quot;DJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Denmark&quot;] = &quot;DK&quot;,
	[&quot;Dominica&quot;] = &quot;DM&quot;,
	[&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;] = &quot;DO&quot;,
	[&quot;Algeria&quot;] = &quot;DZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Ecuador&quot;] = &quot;EC&quot;,
	[&quot;Estonia&quot;] = &quot;EE&quot;,
	[&quot;Mesir&quot;] = &quot;EG&quot;,
	[&quot;Sahara Barat&quot;] = &quot;EH&quot;,
	[&quot;Eritrea&quot;] = &quot;ER&quot;,
	[&quot;Spanyol&quot;] = &quot;ES&quot;,
	[&quot;Ethiopia&quot;] = &quot;ET&quot;,
	[&quot;Finlandia&quot;] = &quot;FI&quot;,
	[&quot;Fiji&quot;] = &quot;FJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Falkland (Malvinas)&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Falklands&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Falkland&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Malvinas&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Malvinas&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Federasi Mikronesia&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
	[&quot;Mikronesia&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Faroe&quot;] = &quot;FO&quot;,
	[&quot;Perancis&quot;] = &quot;FR&quot;,
	[&quot;Gabon&quot;] = &quot;GA&quot;,
	[&quot;Britania Raya&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the United Kingdom&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;U. K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the U.K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the UK&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;Kerajaan Persatuan&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;Inggris&quot;] = &quot;GB-ENG&quot;,
	[&quot;Skotlandia&quot;] = &quot;GB-SCT&quot;,
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = &quot;GB-WLS&quot;,
	[&quot;Irlanda Utara&quot;] = &quot;GB-NIR&quot;,
	[&quot;Inggris dan Wales&quot;] = &quot;GB-EAW&quot;,
	[&quot;Grenada&quot;] = &quot;GD&quot;,
	[&quot;Georgia&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;,
	[&quot;Ossetia Selatan&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Wilayah Tskhinvali&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = &quot;GE-AB&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Republik Abkhazia&quot;] = &quot;GE-AB&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Guyana Perancis&quot;] = &quot;GF&quot;,
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = &quot;GG&quot;,
	[&quot;Ghana&quot;] = &quot;GH&quot;,
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = &quot;GI&quot;,
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = &quot;GL&quot;,
	[&quot;Gambia&quot;] = &quot;GM&quot;,
	[&quot;Guinea&quot;] = &quot;GN&quot;,
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = &quot;GP&quot;,
	[&quot;Guinea Ekuator&quot;] = &quot;GQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Yunani&quot;] = &quot;GR&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Georgia Selatan dan Sandwich Selatan&quot;] = &quot;GS&quot;,
	[&quot;Guatemala&quot;] = &quot;GT&quot;,
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = &quot;GU&quot;,
	[&quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot;] = &quot;GW&quot;,
	[&quot;Guyana&quot;] = &quot;GY&quot;,
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = &quot;HK&quot;,
	[&quot;Pulau Heard dan Kepulauan McDonald&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Heard dan McDonald&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
	[&quot;Honduras&quot;] = &quot;HN&quot;,
	[&quot;Kroasia&quot;] = &quot;HR&quot;,
	[&quot;Haiti&quot;] = &quot;HT&quot;,
	[&quot;Hongaria&quot;] = &quot;HU&quot;,
	[&quot;Indonesia&quot;] = &quot;ID&quot;,
	[&quot;Irlanda&quot;] = &quot;IE&quot;,
	[&quot;Israel&quot;] = &quot;IL&quot;,
	[&quot;Pulau Man&quot;] = &quot;IM&quot;,
	[&quot;India&quot;] = &quot;IN&quot;,
	[&quot;Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania&quot;] = &quot;IO&quot;,
	[&quot;Irak&quot;] = &quot;IQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Islam Iran&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
	[&quot;Iran&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
	[&quot;Islandia&quot;] = &quot;IS&quot;,
	[&quot;Italia&quot;] = &quot;IT&quot;,
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = &quot;JE&quot;,
	[&quot;Jamaika&quot;] = &quot;JM&quot;,
	[&quot;Yordana&quot;] = &quot;JO&quot;,
	[&quot;Jepang&quot;] = &quot;JP&quot;,
	[&quot;Kenya&quot;] = &quot;KE&quot;,
	[&quot;Kirgistan&quot;] = &quot;KG&quot;,
	[&quot;Kamboja&quot;] = &quot;KH&quot;,
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = &quot;KI&quot;,
	[&quot;Komoro&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;The Comoros&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;the Comoros&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Kitts dan Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;St Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea, Democratic People's Republic of&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea Utara&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea, Republic of&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Korea&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea Selatan&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = &quot;KW&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Cayman&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;The Cayman Islands&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;the Cayman Islands&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;Kazakhstan&quot;] = &quot;KZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Rakyat Demokratik Laos&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Lao&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = &quot;LB&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;St Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = &quot;LI&quot;,
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = &quot;LK&quot;,
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = &quot;LR&quot;,
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = &quot;LS&quot;,
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = &quot;LT&quot;,
	[&quot;Luksemburg&quot;] = &quot;LU&quot;,
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = &quot;LV&quot;,
	[&quot;Libyan Arab Jamahiriya&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
	[&quot;Maroko&quot;] = &quot;MA&quot;,
	[&quot;Monako&quot;] = &quot;MC&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Moldova&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = &quot;ME&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (bagian Perancis)&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (Perancis)&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Kolektivitas Saint Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Collectivity of St. Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Collectivity of St Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint-Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Madagaskar&quot;] = &quot;MG&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Marshall&quot;] = &quot;MH&quot;,
	[&quot;Makedonia&quot;] = &quot;MK&quot;,
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = &quot;ML&quot;,
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = &quot;MN&quot;,
	[&quot;Makau&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
	[&quot;Macao&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Mariana Utara&quot;] = &quot;MP&quot;,
	[&quot;Martinik&quot;] = &quot;MQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = &quot;MR&quot;,
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = &quot;MS&quot;,
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = &quot;MT&quot;,
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = &quot;MU&quot;,
	[&quot;Maladewa&quot;] = &quot;MV&quot;,
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = &quot;MW&quot;,
	[&quot;Meksiko&quot;] = &quot;MX&quot;,
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = &quot;MY&quot;,
	[&quot;Mozambik&quot;] = &quot;MZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = &quot;NA&quot;,
	[&quot;Kaledonia Baru&quot;] = &quot;NC&quot;,
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = &quot;NE&quot;,
	[&quot;Pulau Norfolk&quot;] = &quot;NF&quot;,
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = &quot;NG&quot;,
	[&quot;Nikaragua&quot;] = &quot;NI&quot;,
	[&quot;Belanda&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;The Netherlands&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;the Netherlands&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;Norwegia&quot;] = &quot;NO&quot;,
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = &quot;NP&quot;,
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = &quot;NR&quot;,
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = &quot;NU&quot;,
	[&quot;Selandia Baru&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Aotearoa&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = &quot;OM&quot;,
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = &quot;PA&quot;,
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = &quot;PE&quot;,
	[&quot;Polinesia Perancis&quot;] = &quot;PF&quot;,
	[&quot;Papua Nugini&quot;] = &quot;PG&quot;,
	[&quot;Filipina&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;The Philippines&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;the Philippines&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = &quot;PK&quot;,
	[&quot;Polanda&quot;] = &quot;PL&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Pierre dan Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;St Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;Pitcairn&quot;] = &quot;PN&quot;,
	[&quot;Puerto Riko&quot;] = &quot;PR&quot;,
	[&quot;Negara Palestina&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
	[&quot;Palestina&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = &quot;PT&quot;,
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = &quot;PW&quot;,
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = &quot;PY&quot;,
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = &quot;QA&quot;,
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
	[&quot;Reunion&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
	[&quot;Rumania&quot;] = &quot;RO&quot;,
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;,
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Federasi Rusia&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
	[&quot;Rusia&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = &quot;RW&quot;,
	[&quot;Arab Saudi&quot;] = &quot;SA&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepualauan Solomon&quot;] = &quot;SB&quot;,
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = &quot;SC&quot;,
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = &quot;SD&quot;,
	[&quot;Swedia&quot;] = &quot;SE&quot;,
	[&quot;Singapura&quot;] = &quot;SG&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = &quot;SH&quot;,
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = &quot;SI&quot;,
	[&quot;Svalbard dan Jan Mayen&quot;] = &quot;SJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = &quot;SK&quot;,
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = &quot;SL&quot;,
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = &quot;SM&quot;,
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = &quot;SN&quot;,
	[&quot;Somalia&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;,
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = &quot;SR&quot;,
	[&quot;Sudan Selatan&quot;] = &quot;SS&quot;,
	[&quot;São Tomé dan Príncipe&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
	[&quot;Sao Tome dan Principe&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
	[&quot;El Salvador&quot;] = &quot;SV&quot;,
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (Dutch part)&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (Netherlands)&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Arab Suriah&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
	[&quot;Suriah&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
	[&quot;Eswatini&quot;] = &quot;SZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos&quot;] = &quot;TC&quot;,
	[&quot;Chad&quot;] = &quot;TD&quot;,
	[&quot;Wilayah Selatan Perancis&quot;] = &quot;TF&quot;,
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = &quot;TG&quot;,
	[&quot;Thailand&quot;] = &quot;TH&quot;,
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = &quot;TK&quot;,
	[&quot;Timor-Leste&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
	[&quot;Timor Timur&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = &quot;TM&quot;,
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = &quot;TN&quot;,
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = &quot;TO&quot;,
	[&quot;Turki&quot;] = &quot;TR&quot;,
	[&quot;Trinidad dan Tobago&quot;] = &quot;TT&quot;,
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = &quot;TV&quot;,
	[&quot;Taiwan&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Tiongkok&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Persatuan Tanzania&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Ukraina&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;The Ukraine&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;the Ukraine&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = &quot;UG&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Terluar Kecil Amerika Serikat&quot;] = &quot;UM&quot;,
	[&quot;Amerika Serikat&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the United States&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;United States of America&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the United States of America&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;U. S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the U.S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;US&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the US&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = &quot;UY&quot;,
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = &quot;UZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Tahta Suci (Negara Kota Vatikan)&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Tahta Suci&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Negara Kota Vatikan&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Kota Vatikan&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Vincent dan Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;St Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;Republik Bolivar Venezuela&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, British&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Virgin Britania Raya&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;UK Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the United Kingdom&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the UK&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, U. S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, U.S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, US&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Serikat&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;American Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;U. S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the United States&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the U.S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the US&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Vietnam&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
	[&quot;Viet Nam&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = &quot;VU&quot;,
	[&quot;Wallis dan Futuna&quot;] = &quot;WF&quot;,
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = &quot;WS&quot;,
	[&quot;Yaman&quot;] = &quot;YE&quot;,
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = &quot;YT&quot;,
	[&quot;Afrika Selatan&quot;] = &quot;ZA&quot;,
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = &quot;ZM&quot;,
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = &quot;ZW&quot;,
	[&quot;ABW&quot;] = &quot;AW&quot;,
  	[&quot;AFG&quot;] = &quot;AF&quot;,
  	[&quot;AGO&quot;] = &quot;AO&quot;,
  	[&quot;AIA&quot;] = &quot;AI&quot;,
  	[&quot;ALA&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
  	[&quot;ALB&quot;] = &quot;AL&quot;,
  	[&quot;AND&quot;] = &quot;AD&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARE&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARG&quot;] = &quot;AR&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARM&quot;] = &quot;AM&quot;,
  	[&quot;ASM&quot;] = &quot;AS&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATA&quot;] = &quot;AQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATF&quot;] = &quot;TF&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATG&quot;] = &quot;AG&quot;,
  	[&quot;AUS&quot;] = &quot;AU&quot;,
  	[&quot;AUT&quot;] = &quot;AT&quot;,
  	[&quot;AZE&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BDI&quot;] = &quot;BI&quot;,
  	[&quot;BEL&quot;] = &quot;BE&quot;,
  	[&quot;BEN&quot;] = &quot;BJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BFA&quot;] = &quot;BF&quot;,
  	[&quot;BGD&quot;] = &quot;BD&quot;,
  	[&quot;BGR&quot;] = &quot;BG&quot;,
  	[&quot;BHR&quot;] = &quot;BH&quot;,
  	[&quot;BHS&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
  	[&quot;BIH&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLM&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLR&quot;] = &quot;BY&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLZ&quot;] = &quot;BZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BMU&quot;] = &quot;BM&quot;,
  	[&quot;BOL&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRA&quot;] = &quot;BR&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRB&quot;] = &quot;BB&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRN&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
  	[&quot;BTN&quot;] = &quot;BT&quot;,
  	[&quot;BVT&quot;] = &quot;BV&quot;,
  	[&quot;BWA&quot;] = &quot;BW&quot;,
  	[&quot;CAF&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
  	[&quot;CAN&quot;] = &quot;CA&quot;,
  	[&quot;CCK&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHE&quot;] = &quot;CH&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHL&quot;] = &quot;CL&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHN&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
  	[&quot;CIV&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
  	[&quot;CMR&quot;] = &quot;CM&quot;,
  	[&quot;COD&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
  	[&quot;COG&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
  	[&quot;COK&quot;] = &quot;CK&quot;,
  	[&quot;COL&quot;] = &quot;CO&quot;,
  	[&quot;COM&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
  	[&quot;CRI&quot;] = &quot;CR&quot;,
  	[&quot;CUB&quot;] = &quot;CU&quot;,
  	[&quot;CUW&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
  	[&quot;CXR&quot;] = &quot;CX&quot;,
  	[&quot;CYM&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
  	[&quot;CYP&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
  	[&quot;CZE&quot;] = &quot;CZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;DEU&quot;] = &quot;DE&quot;,
  	[&quot;DJI&quot;] = &quot;DJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;DMA&quot;] = &quot;DM&quot;,
  	[&quot;DNK&quot;] = &quot;DK&quot;,
  	[&quot;DOM&quot;] = &quot;DO&quot;,
  	[&quot;DZA&quot;] = &quot;DZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ECU&quot;] = &quot;EC&quot;,
  	[&quot;EGY&quot;] = &quot;EG&quot;,
  	[&quot;ERI&quot;] = &quot;ER&quot;,
  	[&quot;ESH&quot;] = &quot;EH&quot;,
  	[&quot;ESP&quot;] = &quot;ES&quot;,
  	[&quot;EST&quot;] = &quot;EE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ETH&quot;] = &quot;ET&quot;,
  	[&quot;FIN&quot;] = &quot;FI&quot;,
  	[&quot;FJI&quot;] = &quot;FJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;FLK&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
  	[&quot;FRA&quot;] = &quot;FR&quot;,
  	[&quot;FRO&quot;] = &quot;FO&quot;,
  	[&quot;FSM&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
  	[&quot;GAB&quot;] = &quot;GA&quot;,
  	[&quot;GBR&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
  	[&quot;GEO&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;,
  	[&quot;GGY&quot;] = &quot;GG&quot;,
  	[&quot;GHA&quot;] = &quot;GH&quot;,
  	[&quot;GIB&quot;] = &quot;GI&quot;,
  	[&quot;GIN&quot;] = &quot;GN&quot;,
  	[&quot;GLP&quot;] = &quot;GP&quot;,
  	[&quot;GMB&quot;] = &quot;GM&quot;,
  	[&quot;GNB&quot;] = &quot;GW&quot;,
  	[&quot;GNQ&quot;] = &quot;GQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRC&quot;] = &quot;GR&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRD&quot;] = &quot;GD&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRL&quot;] = &quot;GL&quot;,
  	[&quot;GTM&quot;] = &quot;GT&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUF&quot;] = &quot;GF&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUM&quot;] = &quot;GU&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUY&quot;] = &quot;GY&quot;,
  	[&quot;HKG&quot;] = &quot;HK&quot;,
  	[&quot;HMD&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
  	[&quot;HND&quot;] = &quot;HN&quot;,
  	[&quot;HRV&quot;] = &quot;HR&quot;,
  	[&quot;HTI&quot;] = &quot;HT&quot;,
  	[&quot;HUN&quot;] = &quot;HU&quot;,
  	[&quot;IDN&quot;] = &quot;ID&quot;,
  	[&quot;IMN&quot;] = &quot;IM&quot;,
  	[&quot;IND&quot;] = &quot;IN&quot;,
  	[&quot;IOT&quot;] = &quot;IO&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRL&quot;] = &quot;IE&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRN&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRQ&quot;] = &quot;IQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ISL&quot;] = &quot;IS&quot;,
  	[&quot;ISR&quot;] = &quot;IL&quot;,
  	[&quot;ITA&quot;] = &quot;IT&quot;,
  	[&quot;JAM&quot;] = &quot;JM&quot;,
  	[&quot;JEY&quot;] = &quot;JE&quot;,
  	[&quot;JOR&quot;] = &quot;JO&quot;,
  	[&quot;JPN&quot;] = &quot;JP&quot;,
  	[&quot;KAZ&quot;] = &quot;KZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;KEN&quot;] = &quot;KE&quot;,
  	[&quot;KGZ&quot;] = &quot;KG&quot;,
  	[&quot;KHM&quot;] = &quot;KH&quot;,
  	[&quot;KIR&quot;] = &quot;KI&quot;,
  	[&quot;KNA&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
  	[&quot;KWT&quot;] = &quot;KW&quot;,
  	[&quot;LAO&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBN&quot;] = &quot;LB&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBR&quot;] = &quot;LR&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBY&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
  	[&quot;LCA&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
  	[&quot;LIE&quot;] = &quot;LI&quot;,
  	[&quot;LKA&quot;] = &quot;LK&quot;,
  	[&quot;LSO&quot;] = &quot;LS&quot;,
  	[&quot;LTU&quot;] = &quot;LT&quot;,
  	[&quot;LUX&quot;] = &quot;LU&quot;,
  	[&quot;LVA&quot;] = &quot;LV&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAC&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAF&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAR&quot;] = &quot;MA&quot;,
  	[&quot;MCO&quot;] = &quot;MC&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDA&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDG&quot;] = &quot;MG&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDV&quot;] = &quot;MV&quot;,
  	[&quot;MEX&quot;] = &quot;MX&quot;,
  	[&quot;MHL&quot;] = &quot;MH&quot;,
  	[&quot;MKD&quot;] = &quot;MK&quot;,
  	[&quot;MLI&quot;] = &quot;ML&quot;,
  	[&quot;MLT&quot;] = &quot;MT&quot;,
  	[&quot;MMR&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNE&quot;] = &quot;ME&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNG&quot;] = &quot;MN&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNP&quot;] = &quot;MP&quot;,
  	[&quot;MOZ&quot;] = &quot;MZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;MRT&quot;] = &quot;MR&quot;,
  	[&quot;MSR&quot;] = &quot;MS&quot;,
  	[&quot;MTQ&quot;] = &quot;MQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;MUS&quot;] = &quot;MU&quot;,
  	[&quot;MWI&quot;] = &quot;MW&quot;,
  	[&quot;MYS&quot;] = &quot;MY&quot;,
  	[&quot;MYT&quot;] = &quot;YT&quot;,
  	[&quot;NAM&quot;] = &quot;NA&quot;,
  	[&quot;NCL&quot;] = &quot;NC&quot;,
  	[&quot;NER&quot;] = &quot;NE&quot;,
  	[&quot;NFK&quot;] = &quot;NF&quot;,
  	[&quot;NGA&quot;] = &quot;NG&quot;,
  	[&quot;NIC&quot;] = &quot;NI&quot;,
  	[&quot;NIU&quot;] = &quot;NU&quot;,
  	[&quot;NLD&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
  	[&quot;NOR&quot;] = &quot;NO&quot;,
  	[&quot;NPL&quot;] = &quot;NP&quot;,
  	[&quot;NRU&quot;] = &quot;NR&quot;,
  	[&quot;NZL&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;OMN&quot;] = &quot;OM&quot;,
  	[&quot;PAK&quot;] = &quot;PK&quot;,
  	[&quot;PAN&quot;] = &quot;PA&quot;,
  	[&quot;PCN&quot;] = &quot;PN&quot;,
  	[&quot;PER&quot;] = &quot;PE&quot;,
  	[&quot;PHL&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
  	[&quot;PLW&quot;] = &quot;PW&quot;,
  	[&quot;PNG&quot;] = &quot;PG&quot;,
  	[&quot;POL&quot;] = &quot;PL&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRI&quot;] = &quot;PR&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRT&quot;] = &quot;PT&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRY&quot;] = &quot;PY&quot;,
  	[&quot;PSE&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
  	[&quot;PYF&quot;] = &quot;PF&quot;,
  	[&quot;QAT&quot;] = &quot;QA&quot;,
  	[&quot;REU&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ROU&quot;] = &quot;RO&quot;,
  	[&quot;RUS&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
  	[&quot;RWA&quot;] = &quot;RW&quot;,
  	[&quot;SAU&quot;] = &quot;SA&quot;,
  	[&quot;SDN&quot;] = &quot;SD&quot;,
  	[&quot;SEN&quot;] = &quot;SN&quot;,
  	[&quot;SGP&quot;] = &quot;SG&quot;,
  	[&quot;SGS&quot;] = &quot;GS&quot;,
  	[&quot;SJM&quot;] = &quot;SJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLB&quot;] = &quot;SB&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLE&quot;] = &quot;SL&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLV&quot;] = &quot;SV&quot;,
  	[&quot;SMR&quot;] = &quot;SM&quot;,
  	[&quot;SOM&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;,
  	[&quot;SPM&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
  	[&quot;SRB&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;,
  	[&quot;SSD&quot;] = &quot;SS&quot;,
  	[&quot;STP&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
  	[&quot;SUR&quot;] = &quot;SR&quot;,
  	[&quot;SVK&quot;] = &quot;SK&quot;,
  	[&quot;SVN&quot;] = &quot;SI&quot;,
  	[&quot;SWE&quot;] = &quot;SE&quot;,
  	[&quot;SWZ&quot;] = &quot;SZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;SXM&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
  	[&quot;SYC&quot;] = &quot;SC&quot;,
  	[&quot;SYR&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
  	[&quot;TCA&quot;] = &quot;TC&quot;,
  	[&quot;TCD&quot;] = &quot;TD&quot;,
  	[&quot;TGO&quot;] = &quot;TG&quot;,
  	[&quot;THA&quot;] = &quot;TH&quot;,
  	[&quot;TJK&quot;] = &quot;TJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;TKL&quot;] = &quot;TK&quot;,
  	[&quot;TKM&quot;] = &quot;TM&quot;,
  	[&quot;TLS&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
  	[&quot;TON&quot;] = &quot;TO&quot;,
  	[&quot;TTO&quot;] = &quot;TT&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUN&quot;] = &quot;TN&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUR&quot;] = &quot;TR&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUV&quot;] = &quot;TV&quot;,
  	[&quot;TWN&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
  	[&quot;TZA&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;UGA&quot;] = &quot;UG&quot;,
  	[&quot;UKR&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
  	[&quot;UMI&quot;] = &quot;UM&quot;,
  	[&quot;URY&quot;] = &quot;UY&quot;,
  	[&quot;USA&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
  	[&quot;UZB&quot;] = &quot;UZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;VAT&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
  	[&quot;VCT&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
  	[&quot;VEN&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
  	[&quot;VNM&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
  	[&quot;VUT&quot;] = &quot;VU&quot;,
  	[&quot;WLF&quot;] = &quot;WF&quot;,
  	[&quot;WSM&quot;] = &quot;WS&quot;,
  	[&quot;YEM&quot;] = &quot;YE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZAF&quot;] = &quot;ZA&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZMB&quot;] = &quot;ZM&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZWE&quot;] = &quot;ZW&quot;
	}

function p.main(frame)
	local country = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFC(frame.args[1] or ''), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1')
	local match1 = ''
	if country and country ~= '' then
		match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;Bendera ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;^[Tt]he %A*(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		if (match1 == &quot;Image&quot;) or (match1 == &quot;File&quot;) then
			country = mw.ustring.gsub(country, match1, &quot;&quot;)
			match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;[%|%[](%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		end
		if mw.ustring.match(match1, &quot;^%d*x?%d+px$&quot;) then
			country = mw.ustring.gsub(country, match1, &quot;&quot;)
			match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;%[(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		end
	end
	local code = countries[match1] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	if not code then
		if match1 ~= '' and mw.title.new('Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1).exists then
			code = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1 }
		else
			if frame.args.nocat and frame.args.nocat == 'true' then
				return ''
			end
			local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
			if ns == 0 then
				return '[[Kategori:Halaman Wikipedia dengan negara yang tidak jelas]]'
			else
				return '[[Kategori:Halaman Wikipedia dengan negara yang tidak jelas|'.. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Namespace Greek' } ..']]'
			end
		end
	end
	local subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFC(frame.args[2] or ''), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1')
	if not subdivision or subdivision == '' then return code end
	local countrytables = {
		[&quot;AD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ER&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ES&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ET&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ID&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ME&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ML&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MX&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;OM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;QA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ST&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;US&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;WF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;WS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;YE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZW&quot;] = true,
		}
	local match2 = mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;Bendera ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;[Tt]he %A*([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘‘ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘‘ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	if (match2 == &quot;Image&quot;) or (match2 == &quot;File&quot;) then
		subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(subdivision, match2, &quot;&quot;)
		match2 = mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;[\|\[]([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘ʻ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	end
	if mw.ustring.match(match2, &quot;^%d*x?%d+px$&quot;) then
		subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(subdivision, match2, &quot;&quot;)
		match2 = mw.ustring.match2(subdivision, &quot;%[([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘ʻ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	end
	local code1 = mw.ustring.sub(code, 1, 2)
	if countrytables[code1] then
		local tmp = mw.loadData('Module:Country extract/' .. code1)
		local code2 = tmp[match2] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
		if code2 then return code2 end
		
		local legacytemplate = 'Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1
		if mw.title.new(legacytemplate).exists then
			tmp = nil
			for k, v in ipairs({
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { match2 } }
			}) do
				if v ~= code and v ~= '' then
					tmp = v
					break
				end
			end
			if tmp then return tmp end
		end
		if frame.args.nocat and frame.args.nocat == 'true' then
			return code
		end
		local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
		if ns == 0 then
			return code .. '[[Kategori:Halaman Wikipedia dengan negara atau subdivisi yang tidak jelas]]'
		else
			return code .. '[[Kategori:Halaman Wikipedia dengan negara atau subdivisi yang tidak jelas|'.. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Namespace Greek' } ..']]'
		end
	end
	return code
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>d7c8mc1ug1s0rn7y8f617lvkeonwtgm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:Location map/data/Japan</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>386707</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443905</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:01:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;return { 	name = 'Jepang', 	x = '100*(($1&gt;30.90)*($2-128.24)/(149.27-128.24)+($1&lt;=30.90)*($2-110.43)/(131.44-110.43))', 	y = '100*(($1&gt;30.90)*($1-45.86)/(30.02-45.86)+($1&lt;=30.90)*($1-39.54)/(23.71-39.54))', 	image = 'Japan location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.svg', 	image1 = 'Japan natural location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.jpg', 	image2 = 'Japan bluemarble location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.jpg' }&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="441" xml:space="preserve">return {
	name = 'Jepang',
	x = '100*(($1&gt;30.90)*($2-128.24)/(149.27-128.24)+($1&lt;=30.90)*($2-110.43)/(131.44-110.43))',
	y = '100*(($1&gt;30.90)*($1-45.86)/(30.02-45.86)+($1&lt;=30.90)*($1-39.54)/(23.71-39.54))',
	image = 'Japan location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.svg',
	image1 = 'Japan natural location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.jpg',
	image2 = 'Japan bluemarble location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.jpg'
}</text>
      <sha1>ovzagikvcwgrl9umxxqf5v1rtvybuuf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Templat:Cbignore</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>386708</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443906</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:08:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{dokumentasi}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{dokumentasi}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pbolh1br0tfu682apl562cjzf37qn7i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386709</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443907</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:26:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Infobox building | name = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo | native_name = 皇居 | native_name_lang =  | logo =  | logo_size =  | logo_alt =  | logo_caption =  | image = File:Seimon Ishibashi.JPG | image_size =  | image_alt = &lt;!-- or | alt = --&gt; | image_caption = [[Titian]] ''Seimon Ishibashi'', nan mangarah ka garbang utamo [[Istano]] Kakaisaran | map_type = Japan | map_alt =  | map_caption =  | map_size =  | map_dot_label = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo | map_dot_mark =  | re...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5334" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo
| native_name = 皇居
| native_name_lang = 
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| logo_alt = 
| logo_caption = 
| image = File:Seimon Ishibashi.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_alt = &lt;!-- or | alt = --&gt;
| image_caption = [[Titian]] ''Seimon Ishibashi'', nan mangarah ka garbang utamo [[Istano]] Kakaisaran
| map_type = Japan
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map_size = 
| map_dot_label = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo
| map_dot_mark = 
| relief = 
| former_names = [[Istano Edo]]
| alternate_names = 
| etymology = 
| status = 
| cancelled = 
| topped_out = 
| building_type = 
| architectural_style = 
| classification = 
| location = 
| address = 1-1 Chiyoda, Chiyoda-ku 100-0001 Tokyo
| location_city = [[Tokyo]]
| location_country = {{JPN}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35.6825|139.7521|type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| altitude = 
| current_tenants = 
| namesake = 
| groundbreaking_date = 
| start_date = 
| stop_date = 
| est_completion = 
| topped_out_date = 
| completion_date = 
| opened_date = 
| inauguration_date = 
| relocated_date = 
| renovation_date = 
| closing_date = 
| demolition_date = &lt;!-- or | destruction_date    = --&gt;
| cost = 
| ren_cost = 
| client = 
| owner = [[Kaisar Uda]] ([[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]])
| landlord = 
| affiliation = 
| height = 
| architectural = 
| tip = 
| antenna_spire = 
| roof = 
| top_floor = 
| observatory = 
| diameter = 
| circumference = 
| weight = 
| other_dimensions = 
| structural_system = 
| material = 
| size = 
| floor_count = 
| floor_area = 
| elevator_count = 
| grounds_area = 
| architect = 
| architecture_firm = 
| developer = 
| engineer = 
| structural_engineer = 
| services_engineer = 
| civil_engineer = 
| other_designers = 
| quantity_surveyor = 
| main_contractor = 
| awards = 
| designations = 
| known_for = 
| ren_architect = 
| ren_firm = 
| ren_engineer = 
| ren_str_engineer = 
| ren_serv_engineer = 
| ren_civ_engineer = 
| ren_oth_designers = 
| ren_qty_surveyor = 
| ren_contractor = 
| ren_awards = 
| rooms = &lt;!-- or | unit_count          = --&gt;
| parking = 
| website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| public_transit = 
| embed = 
| embedded = 
| references = 
| footnotes = 
}}
[[Berkas:Imperial Palace Tokyo Panorama.jpg|jmpl|250px|Panorama Istana Kekaisaran Tokyo]]
[[Berkas:Tokyo Imperial Palace Aerial photograph 2019.jpg|jmpl|Foto udara Istana Kekaisaran Tokyo pada 2019]]

{{nihongo|'''Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo'''|[[wiktionary:皇居|皇居]]|Kōkyo|artinyo, &quot;Tampek Tingga Kaisar&quot;}} adolah tampek tingga utamo dari [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]]. Tampek iko iyolah sabuah area ajak [[taman]] bosegh nan talotak di wilayah tatutuik [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Tokyo]] sampai [[Stasiun Tokyo]] dan baisi babarapo bangunan tamasuak [[istano]] utamo ({{nihongo|宮殿|Kyūden}}, tampek tingga pribadi kaluargo kakaisaran, tampek pangarsipan, museum dan kantoa administratif.

Istano iko dibuek di situs lamo [[Istano Edo]]. Loweh kasaluruahan tamasuak taman iyolah {{convert|1.15|sqkm|mi2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;kunaicho1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/kids/kokyo/|title=皇居へ行ってみよう|publisher=[[Kunai-chō]]|access-date=2018-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salamo puncak [[Panggalambuangan harogo aset di Japang|panggalambuangan properti Jopang pado taun 1980-an]], pakarangan istano dinilai dek babarapo urang manjadi lobiah dari nilai sadonyo real estat di nagaro bagian [[California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mueller |first1=Dennis C. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Capitalism |date=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199942596 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WqhNAYLn5bcC&amp;pg=PT497 |access-date=2 May 2019|page=497}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/2891993/Oriental-risks-and-rewards-for-optimistic-occidentals.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/2891993/Oriental-risks-and-rewards-for-optimistic-occidentals.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Oriental risks and rewards for optimistic occidentals |access-date=2013-05-07 |author=Ian Cowie |date=7 August 2004 |work=The Daily Telegraph }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanity&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2009/02/what-was-lost-and-found-in-japans-lost-decade |title=What Was Lost (and Found) in Japan's Lost Decade |access-date=2011-09-02 |author=Edward Jay Epstein |date=17 February 2009 |work=Vanity Fair |publisher=VF Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Carito==
==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Catatan==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;catatan&quot;}}
==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category-inline|Tokyo Imperial Palace|Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo}}
* [http://sankan.kunaicho.go.jp/english/guide/koukyo.html Agensi Rumah Kekaisaran | Istana Kekaisaran di Tokyo]
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/shisetsu/kyuden.html Galeri Gambar Istana Kekaisaran]
* [http://gmap.jp/shop-7853.html Peta Istana Kekaisaran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406073320/http://gmap.jp/shop-7853.html |date=2010-04-06 }}
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/kyuchu/shukuga01.html Informasi untuk mengunjungi Istana Kekaisaran pada hari ulang tahun Kaisar]
* [http://www.infojepang.net/item/taman-istana-kaisar/ Taman Istana Kaisar Jepang]

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>s9aurt37nm2yyfzxubpjodfdrp0j9gt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443908</id>
      <parentid>2443907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:29:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5329" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo
| native_name = 皇居
| native_name_lang = 
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| logo_alt = 
| logo_caption = 
| image = File:Seimon Ishibashi.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_alt = &lt;!-- or | alt = --&gt;
| image_caption = [[Titian]] ''Seimon Ishibashi'', nan mangarah ka garbang utamo [[Istano]] Kakaisaran
| map_type = Japan
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map_size = 
| map_dot_label = Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo
| map_dot_mark = 
| relief = 
| former_names = [[Istano Edo]]
| alternate_names = 
| etymology = 
| status = 
| cancelled = 
| topped_out = 
| building_type = 
| architectural_style = 
| classification = 
| location = 
| address = 1-1 Chiyoda, Chiyoda-ku 100-0001 Tokyo
| location_city = [[Tokyo]]
| location_country = {{JPN}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35.6825|139.7521|type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| altitude = 
| current_tenants = 
| namesake = 
| groundbreaking_date = 
| start_date = 
| stop_date = 
| est_completion = 
| topped_out_date = 
| completion_date = 
| opened_date = 
| inauguration_date = 
| relocated_date = 
| renovation_date = 
| closing_date = 
| demolition_date = &lt;!-- or | destruction_date    = --&gt;
| cost = 
| ren_cost = 
| client = 
| owner = [[Kaisar Uda]] ([[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]])
| landlord = 
| affiliation = 
| height = 
| architectural = 
| tip = 
| antenna_spire = 
| roof = 
| top_floor = 
| observatory = 
| diameter = 
| circumference = 
| weight = 
| other_dimensions = 
| structural_system = 
| material = 
| size = 
| floor_count = 
| floor_area = 
| elevator_count = 
| grounds_area = 
| architect = 
| architecture_firm = 
| developer = 
| engineer = 
| structural_engineer = 
| services_engineer = 
| civil_engineer = 
| other_designers = 
| quantity_surveyor = 
| main_contractor = 
| awards = 
| designations = 
| known_for = 
| ren_architect = 
| ren_firm = 
| ren_engineer = 
| ren_str_engineer = 
| ren_serv_engineer = 
| ren_civ_engineer = 
| ren_oth_designers = 
| ren_qty_surveyor = 
| ren_contractor = 
| ren_awards = 
| rooms = &lt;!-- or | unit_count          = --&gt;
| parking = 
| website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| public_transit = 
| embed = 
| embedded = 
| references = 
| footnotes = 
}}
[[Berkas:Imperial Palace Tokyo Panorama.jpg|jmpl|250px|Panorama Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo]]
[[Berkas:Tokyo Imperial Palace Aerial photograph 2019.jpg|jmpl|Foto Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo pado 2019]]

{{nihongo|'''Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo'''|[[wiktionary:皇居|皇居]]|Kōkyo|artinyo, &quot;Tampek Tingga Kaisar&quot;}} adolah tampek tingga utamo dari [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]]. Tampek iko iyolah sabuah area ajak [[taman]] bosegh nan talotak di wilayah tatutuik [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Tokyo]] sampai [[Stasiun Tokyo]] dan baisi babarapo bangunan tamasuak [[istano]] utamo ({{nihongo|宮殿|Kyūden}}, tampek tingga pribadi kaluargo kakaisaran, tampek pangarsipan, museum dan kantoa administratif.

Istano iko dibuek di situs lamo [[Istano Edo]]. Loweh kasaluruahan tamasuak taman iyolah {{convert|1.15|sqkm|mi2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;kunaicho1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/kids/kokyo/|title=皇居へ行ってみよう|publisher=[[Kunai-chō]]|access-date=2018-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salamo puncak [[Panggalambuangan harogo aset di Japang|panggalambuangan properti Jopang pado taun 1980-an]], pakarangan istano dinilai dek babarapo urang manjadi lobiah dari nilai sadonyo real estat di nagaro bagian [[California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mueller |first1=Dennis C. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Capitalism |date=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199942596 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WqhNAYLn5bcC&amp;pg=PT497 |access-date=2 May 2019|page=497}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/2891993/Oriental-risks-and-rewards-for-optimistic-occidentals.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/2891993/Oriental-risks-and-rewards-for-optimistic-occidentals.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Oriental risks and rewards for optimistic occidentals |access-date=2013-05-07 |author=Ian Cowie |date=7 August 2004 |work=The Daily Telegraph }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanity&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2009/02/what-was-lost-and-found-in-japans-lost-decade |title=What Was Lost (and Found) in Japan's Lost Decade |access-date=2011-09-02 |author=Edward Jay Epstein |date=17 February 2009 |work=Vanity Fair |publisher=VF Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Carito==
==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Catatan==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;catatan&quot;}}
==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category-inline|Tokyo Imperial Palace|Istano Kakaisaran Tokyo}}
* [http://sankan.kunaicho.go.jp/english/guide/koukyo.html Agensi Rumah Kekaisaran | Istana Kekaisaran di Tokyo]
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/shisetsu/kyuden.html Galeri Gambar Istana Kekaisaran]
* [http://gmap.jp/shop-7853.html Peta Istana Kekaisaran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406073320/http://gmap.jp/shop-7853.html |date=2010-04-06 }}
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/kyuchu/shukuga01.html Informasi untuk mengunjungi Istana Kekaisaran pada hari ulang tahun Kaisar]
* [http://www.infojepang.net/item/taman-istana-kaisar/ Taman Istana Kaisar Jepang]

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>6sdy305bmlr1w33qw4u4gdmgwlekswn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panjarahan Amorion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386710</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443909</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:34:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;Panjarahan Amorion (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro Arab-Bizantium. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah Al-Mu'tashim (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo.&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="469" xml:space="preserve">Panjarahan Amorion (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro Arab-Bizantium. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah Al-Mu'tashim (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443910</id>
      <parentid>2443909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:37:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="506" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo.</text>
      <sha1>rz0jwhqemkljjfnvvp5xb9wsg75hbj8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443911</id>
      <parentid>2443910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:43:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="727" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo. Khalifah al-Mu'tashim manyarang Amorion, Kota di Anatolia bagian barek, karano tampek tasabuik iolah tampek kalahiran dinasti pamarentahan Bizantium jo salah ciek kota tagadang jo tapantiang di Bizantium katiko maso tuh.</text>
      <sha1>6vwgp61hqut8aht9a36nmaw4vvst94z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443912</id>
      <parentid>2443911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:44:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="735" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo. Khalifah al-Mu'tashim manyarang Amorion, Kota di [[Anatolia]] bagian barek, karano tampek tasabuik iolah tampek kalahiran dinasti pamarentahan Bizantium jo salah ciek kota tagadang jo tapantiang di [[Bizantium]] katiko maso tuh.</text>
      <sha1>ao859udna23bto09jhgmfn7dd7kxr8e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443913</id>
      <parentid>2443912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:45:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="882" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo. Khalifah al-Mu'tashim manyarang Amorion, Kota di [[Anatolia]] bagian barek, karano tampek tasabuik iolah tampek kalahiran dinasti pamarentahan Bizantium jo salah ciek kota tagadang jo tapantiang di [[Bizantium]] katiko maso tuh. Sang Khalifah samparono mangumpuan pasukan dalam jumlah nan gadang, kudian inyo bagi duo. Kaduo pasukan iko manyarang dari timua lauik jo salatan.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2443914</id>
      <parentid>2443913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-05T16:47:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sonjo 01</username>
        <id>12274</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1099" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo. Khalifah al-Mu'tashim manyarang Amorion, Kota di [[Anatolia]] bagian barek, karano tampek tasabuik iolah tampek kalahiran dinasti pamarentahan Bizantium jo salah ciek kota tagadang jo tapantiang di [[Bizantium]] katiko maso tuh. Sang Khalifah samparono mangumpuan pasukan dalam jumlah nan gadang, kudian inyo bagi duo. Kaduo pasukan iko manyarang dari timua lauik jo salatan. Pasukan timua lauik samparono mangalahan pasukan Bizantium nan dipimpin dek Teofilos di Anzen, hasilnyo pasukan Abbasiyah dapek masuak padalaman Asia ketek jo bakumpua di Ankira, nan ditamuan dalam keadaan ditingaan.</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kabel listrik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>386711</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443916</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T04:20:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;[[Berkas:Hochspannungskabel 400kV Querschnitt.JPG|jmpl|Kabel togangan tenggi nan potong hinggo tacoliak bulek dari ateh dirancang untuak 400 kV. Konduktor bosegh di tongah mambao aruih, konduktor ketek-ketek di lua bartindak sabagai parisai untuak manyamoan togangan togangan di lapisan isolasi [[Polietilena|polietilen]] tabal.{{br}} [[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Power cables|Media: Kabel listrik]]]] '''Kabel listr...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1638" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Hochspannungskabel 400kV Querschnitt.JPG|jmpl|Kabel togangan tenggi nan potong hinggo tacoliak bulek dari ateh dirancang untuak 400 kV. Konduktor bosegh di tongah mambao aruih, konduktor ketek-ketek di lua bartindak sabagai parisai untuak manyamoan togangan togangan di lapisan isolasi [[Polietilena|polietilen]] tabal.{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Power cables|Media: Kabel listrik]]]]
'''Kabel listrik''' adolah [[kabel]] nan paguno untuak [[arus listrik|manyalurkan energi]] [[listrik]]. Sabuah kabel listrik tadiri dari [[Panghantar listrik|konduktor]] balapih [[isolator]].

Isolator di siko iyolah bahan pambungkuih kabel nan biasonyo tabuek dari bahan thermoplastik atau thermosetting, sadangkan konduktornyo tabuek dari bahan tembaga ataupun aluminium.

Kamampuan hantar sabuah kabel listrik ditontuan dek KHA (kamampuan hantar arus) nan dimilikinyo, basobok parameter hantaran listrik ditontuan dalam satuan [[Ampere]]. Kamampuan hantar arus ditantuan dek loweh panompang konduktor nan barado dalam kabel listrik, adopun katantuan manganai KHA kabel listrik diatur pado spesifikasi SPLN.

Sadangkan togangan listrik dinyatoan dalam [[Volt]], bosegh dayi nan ditarimo dinyatoan dalam satuan Watt, nan marupoan parkalian dari Ampere × Volt = Watt. Pado togangan 220 Volt dan KHA 10 Ampere, sabuah kabel listrik dapek manyalurkan dayo sabosegh 220V × 10A = 2200 Watt.

Kabel listrik badasarkan togangannyo tadiri babarapo kategori, antaro lain:

# Kabel listrik Togangan Randah
# Kabel listrik Togangan Manongah
# Kabel listrik Togangan Tenggi

{{listrik-stub}}</text>
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    <title>Templat:Listrik-stub</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-06T04:21:58Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
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      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{asbox |name = Templat:Listrik-stub |image = ElectricDanger.png |qualifier = listrik |category = Rintisan batopik listrik }}&lt;noinclude&gt; [[Kategori:Templat rintisan|{{PAGENAME}}]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="192" xml:space="preserve">{{asbox
|name = Templat:Listrik-stub
|image = ElectricDanger.png
|qualifier = listrik
|category = Rintisan batopik listrik
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Kategori:Templat rintisan|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kategori:Rintisan batopik listrik</title>
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    <id>386713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2443918</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T04:22:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
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      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Kategori rintisan|listrik-stub|Teknologi|Listrik}}&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="52" xml:space="preserve">{{Kategori rintisan|listrik-stub|Teknologi|Listrik}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Britania Raya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Baritania Rayo" />
    <revision>
      <id>2443919</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T05:02:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
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      <comment>←Mengalihkan ke [[Baritania Rayo]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25" xml:space="preserve">#ALIAH [[Baritania Rayo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kola</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>2443920</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T05:07:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{infobox drink/wd}} '''Kola''' nan biaso dikana adolah [[minuman ringan]] manih [[Karbonasi|bakarbonasi]] nan biasonyo manggunoan pawarno [[karamel]] dan manganduang [[kafeina]]. Raso minuman kola maso kini adolah campuran dari [[lemon]], [[kayu manih]], dan [[vanila]]; namun kanduangan utamo kola bàasa dari [[biji]] [[tumbuahan]] nan disabuik kola (dari namo pohon ikolah namo minuman iko bàasa). Babarapo minuman kola tanpa [[kafeina]] tasadio juo walaupun ado na...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2099" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox drink/wd}}
'''Kola''' nan biaso dikana adolah [[minuman ringan]] manih [[Karbonasi|bakarbonasi]] nan biasonyo manggunoan pawarno [[karamel]] dan manganduang [[kafeina]]. Raso minuman kola maso kini adolah campuran dari [[lemon]], [[kayu manih]], dan [[vanila]]; namun kanduangan utamo kola bàasa dari [[biji]] [[tumbuahan]] nan disabuik kola (dari namo pohon ikolah namo minuman iko bàasa). Babarapo minuman kola tanpa [[kafeina]] tasadio juo walaupun ado nan mangatoan minuman tasabuik bukan kola. Dek biktu, baiak [[Produksi|pambuek]] maupun mayoritas paminum kola indak paduli masalah iko.

==Tumbuhan kola==
Kola (''Cola acuminata'' (P.Beauv.) Schott et Endl. dan babarapo [[spesies]] lain) marupoan [[pohon]] tahunan bakayu nan dapek mancapai katinggian 4-5[[meter|m]] dan masih tagolong  sa[[familia|suku]] dangan [[kakao]]. Tumbuhan iko bàasa dari [[Afrika]] Barat bilo kini tasobegh loweh ka saluruah daerah [[tropika]], tamasuak Indonesia.
[[Berkas:Report_on_the_agricultural_resources_and_capabilities_of_Hawaii_(1901)_(14760074386).jpg|kiri|jmpl|150px|Buah kola nan masih muda. Buah tumbuah langsuang pado cabang utamo.{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Cola acuminata|Media: Buah Kola]]]]
Kola manghasilkan [[bungo]] dan [[buah]] nan tumbuah langsuang dari [[kuncup]] dorman pado [[batang]] utamo atau cabang utamo. Buah kola punyo sajumlah ruang dan pado tiok ruang tadapek sakumpulan [[biji]] nan tabungkuih dek &quot;dagiang&quot; bawarno kaputiahan (disabuik &quot;[[aril]]&quot;). Kanduangan utamo minuman kola bàasa dari [[biji]] nan tolah dikariangkan dan diproses.

== Babagai produk kola ==
Babarapo [[merek]] kola nan takana antaro lain adolah [[Coca Cola]] dan [[Pepsi]]. Tibo pulo babagai alternatif dari merek-merek godang [[Amerika Sarikek]] tasabuik ajak [[Mecca Cola]] di [[Prancis]], [[Zam Zam Cola]] di [[Iran]], [[Qibla Cola]] di [[Britania Raya]], serta [[Cola Turka]] dan [[zelal Cola]] di [[Jerman]]. Salain di nagara-negara asa-nyo, minuman tasabuik juo di juegh di [[Jazirah Arab]].

{{clear}}


{{Tumbuhan-stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2443921</id>
      <parentid>2443920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T05:21:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.204.56</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tumbuhan kola */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2097" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox drink/wd}}
'''Kola''' nan biaso dikana adolah [[minuman ringan]] manih [[Karbonasi|bakarbonasi]] nan biasonyo manggunoan pawarno [[karamel]] dan manganduang [[kafeina]]. Raso minuman kola maso kini adolah campuran dari [[lemon]], [[kayu manih]], dan [[vanila]]; namun kanduangan utamo kola bàasa dari [[biji]] [[tumbuahan]] nan disabuik kola (dari namo pohon ikolah namo minuman iko bàasa). Babarapo minuman kola tanpa [[kafeina]] tasadio juo walaupun ado nan mangatoan minuman tasabuik bukan kola. Dek biktu, baiak [[Produksi|pambuek]] maupun mayoritas paminum kola indak paduli masalah iko.

==Tumbuhan kola==
Kola (''Cola acuminata'' (P.Beauv.) Schott et Endl. dan babarapo [[spesies]] lain) marupoan [[pohon]] tahunan bakayu nan dapek mancapai katinggian 4-5[[meter|m]] dan masih tagolong  sa[[familia|suku]] dangan [[kakao]]. Tumbuhan iko bàasa dari [[Afrika]] Barat bilo kini tasobegh loweh ka saluruah daerah [[tropika]], tamasuak Indonesia.
[[Berkas:Report_on_the_agricultural_resources_and_capabilities_of_Hawaii_(1901)_(14760074386).jpg|kiri|jmpl|150px|Buah kola nan masih muda. Buah tumbuah langsuang pado cabang utamo.{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Cola acuminata|Media: Buah Kola]]]]
Kola manghasilkan [[bungo]] dan [[buah]] nan tumbuah langsuang dari [[kuncup]] dorman pado rantiang utamo atau cabang utamo. Buah kola punyo sajumlah ruang dan pado tiok ruang tadapek sakumpulan [[biji]] nan tabungkuih dek &quot;dagiang&quot; bawarno kaputiahan (disabuik &quot;[[aril]]&quot;). Kanduangan utamo minuman kola bàasa dari [[biji]] nan tolah dikariangkan dan diproses.

== Babagai produk kola ==
Babarapo [[merek]] kola nan takana antaro lain adolah [[Coca Cola]] dan [[Pepsi]]. Tibo pulo babagai alternatif dari merek-merek godang [[Amerika Sarikek]] tasabuik ajak [[Mecca Cola]] di [[Prancis]], [[Zam Zam Cola]] di [[Iran]], [[Qibla Cola]] di [[Britania Raya]], serta [[Cola Turka]] dan [[zelal Cola]] di [[Jerman]]. Salain di nagara-negara asa-nyo, minuman tasabuik juo di juegh di [[Jazirah Arab]].

{{clear}}


{{Tumbuhan-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Daur ulang</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>2443923</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T07:41:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.124.205.153</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;[[Berkas:Recycling_symbol.svg|jmpl|Simbol internasional untuak daur ulang.{{br}} [[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Recycling|Media: Daur ulang]]]] [[Berkas:Container_deposit_machine.jpg|jmpl|Masin daur ulang. Masuakkan sampah nan baguno dapek didaur ulang dituka dangan [[pitih]].]]  '''Daur ulang''' adolah proses untuak manjadikan suatu bahan bekas manjadi bahan baru batujuan mancogah adonyo [[sampah]] nan saboneghnyo...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3150" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Recycling_symbol.svg|jmpl|Simbol internasional untuak daur ulang.{{br}}
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Recycling|Media: Daur ulang]]]]
[[Berkas:Container_deposit_machine.jpg|jmpl|Masin daur ulang. Masuakkan sampah nan baguno dapek didaur ulang dituka dangan [[pitih]].]]

'''Daur ulang''' adolah proses untuak manjadikan suatu bahan bekas manjadi bahan baru batujuan mancogah adonyo [[sampah]] nan saboneghnyo dapek manjadi sasuatu nan baguno, mangurangi panggunoan bahan baku nan baru, mangurangi panggunoan [[energi]], mangurangi [[polusi]], [[Karusakan lingkungan|karusakan lahan]], dan emisi [[gas rumah kaco]] jiko dibandingkan dangan proses pambuatan barang baru. Daur ulang iyolah ciek dari strategi pangalolaan [[sampah]] padek nan tadiri ateh kagiatan pamilahan, pangumpulan, pamrosesan, pandistribusian dan pambuatan produk/material bekas pakai, dan komponen utamo dalam manajemen sampah modern dan bagian katigo dalam proses hierarki sampah 4[[3R|R]] (''Reduce'', ''Reuse'', ''Recycle, and Replace'').

Material nan dapek didaur ulang tadiri dari sampah [[kaco]], [[plastik]], [[karateh]], [[kardus]], [[logam]], [[tekstil]], dan [[barang elektronik]]. Dek biktu sarupo, proses pambuatan [[kompos]] nan umumnyo manggunoan sampah [[biomassa]] nan dapek didegradasi dek alam, indak dikategorikan sabagai proses daur ulang. Daur ulang lobiah difokuskan kapado sampah nan indak dapek didegradasi dek alam sacaro alami untuak pangurangan karusakan lahan. Sacaro garih bosegh, daur ulang adolah proses pangumpulan sampah, panyortiran, pambarosiahan, dan pamrosesan material baru untuak proses produksi.

Pado pamahaman nan tabateh, proses daur ulang haruih manghasilkan barang nan sarupo dangan barang aslinyo dangan material nan samo, contohnyo karateh bekas haruih manjadi [[karateh]] dangan kualitas nan samo, atau busa [[polistirena]] bekas haruih manjadi [[polistirena]] dangan kualitas nan samo. Soriang kali, hal iko sulik dilakuan basobok lobiah mahegh dibandiangkan dangan proses pambuatan dangan bahan nan baru. Jadi, daur ulang iyolah proses panggunoan baliak material manjadi produk nan babedo. Bantuak lain dari daur ulang iyolah ekstraksi material baharogo dari sampah, ajak [[ameh]] dari prosesor [[komputer]], [[timah hitam]] dari [[Baterai listrik|baterai]], atau ekstraksi material nan babahayo ka [[lingkungan]], ajak [[merkuri]].

Daur ulang iyolah sasuatu nan luar biaso nan dapek didapek dari sampah. Proses daur ulang [[aluminium]] dapek manghemat 95% [[energi]] dan mangurangi [[polusi udaro]] sabanyak 95% jiko dibandingkan dangan ekstraksi aluminium dari tambang hinggo prosesnyo di [[pabrik]]. Panghematan nan cukuik bosegh pado energi juo didapek dangan mandaur ulang karateh, logam, kaco, dan plastik. 

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
{{wikimedia|collapsible=true|commons=Category:Recycling|b=Subjek:Daur ulang|v=Topik:Daur ulang |n=no|s=no|species=no|voy=no|d=Q132580|wikt=Daur ulang}}
* [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1084032　Pemanfaatan Barang Daur Ulang : Rahasia Ekonomi : Cara Memanfaatkan barang bekas] 1887

{{Authority control}}</text>
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