Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Usulan

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    <title>Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Usulan</title>
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        <username>Urang Kamang</username>
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      <comment>/* Nopember */</comment>
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      <text bytes="41519" sha1="64zkyi8ybaepj44ww3v6kifmfqp4fw5" xml:space="preserve">== 2026 ==
=== Januari-Mai ===
* [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]
* [[Ramadan]]
* [[Biluluak]]
* [[Bahaso Minangkabau]]
* [[Haji]]
Limo artikel di ateh alah ditampilan baurutan sabalunnyo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Mai 2026 14.45 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Karano sudah lewat babarapo hari, ambo buek sajo [[Urangutan]] yo sanak. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 3 Juni 2026 10.30 (WIB)
:Satuju, mokasih Sanak [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]]. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Juni 2026 17.39 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Untuak bulan iko ambo mausulan [[Michelle Yeoh]]. Memang masih banyak pautan sirah tapi alah langkok pambahasannyo. Ba'a pandapek dunsanak kasadonyo? [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 13 Juni 2026 19.40 (WIB)
: Dek lah masuak juo babarapo ari bulan Juli ko, ijin dimuek se usulan nan iko yo sanak. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Juli 2026 18.22 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo mausulan [[Rasuna Said]], dek liau salah surang Pahlawan Nasional. Tapi, catatan kakinyo masih pe-er nan paralu wak basamo peloki, dek salah manauik ka rujuakan kasehatan. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 13 Juni 2026 19.45 (WIB)

=== September ===
Dikaranoan dek bulan September ampia abih, untuak artikel bulan iko ambo piliah sajo tentang [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]].
[[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 23 September 2026 22.37 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Salam dunsanak!, untuk bulan oktober ko ambo ma usulan [[Batu basurek Pagaruyuang I]] manjadi artikel nan tapiliah. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 2 Oktober 2026 15.34 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
[[Neptunus]]
: Ambo raso artikel Neptunus talalu singkek, ba'a kok [[Che Guevara]] sajo? [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 16.15 (WIB)
::Ok :)
:::{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2026 10.16 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo mausulan [[Anschluss]], alah cukik panjang jo langkok, tapi rasonyo paralu agak dipareso/dipeloki saketek ijoannyo daulu. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 16.37 (WIB)

== 2025 ==
=== Januari ===
Salam, dunsanak ambo. Dek indak ado usulan jo lah masuak taun baru babarapo ari, ambo ijin puta baliak artikel [[Urang Mukomuko]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah tuak Januari 2025 yo. Wassalam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Januari 2025 14.20 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Salam dunsanak. Dek akhie bulan patang ado Taun Baru Imlek, ambo mausulan [[Urang Cino Padang]]—nan alah pernah manjadi ANT April 2020—untuak ANT bulan kini. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 10.56 (WIB)

:{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 16.05 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Dek insyaAllah Maret batepatan bana jo masuaknyo bulan puaso, ambo usul [[Ramadan]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Rang Djambak}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.00 (WIB)

:Ramadan alah panah diusulan manjadi Artikel nan Tapiliah pado Mei 2019. Buliah sajo diangkek baliak, asalai ado pangambangan artikelnyo. Atau opsi kaduo, artikel [[Paparangan Badar]] nan dijadian untuak ANT Maret 2025. Baa @[[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]]@[[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]]@[[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 17 Pebruari 2025 15.46 (WIB)
::Kalau baitu, ambo {{satuju}} [[Paparangan Badar]] sajo sanak @[[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 Pebruari 2025 19.31 (WIB)
::{{satuju}} juo, jo mintak izin ambo buek lo sakalian dek iko lah masuak juo ka bulannyo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 5 Maret 2025 16.27 (WIB)

=== April ===
Ambo usul [[Paparangan Badar]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.02 (WIB)

:Izin ambo buek sajo baliak, soalnyo lah patangahan bulan. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.49 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ambo usul [[Kabangkitan nasional Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.09 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Pamarintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]])

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[Gamawan Fauzi]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.04 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)
:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Juni 2025 11.37 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Kadudukan Sumatera Barat dek Japang]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.06 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== September ===
Ambo usul [[Rohana Muthalib]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.09 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Ambo usul [[Urang Pasisia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul [[Soedarpo Sastrosatomo]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

== 2024 ==
=== Januari ===
&lt;s&gt;Ambo usul [[Stroke]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Januari 2024 02.22 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
::Karano indak ado tanggapan dan {{u|Otrismon}} langsuang manulih [[Muhammadiyah di Sumatera Barat]] sabagai ANT Januari 2024, ambo satujui sajolah kalau baitu. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.09 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Ambo usul [[Stroke]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.09 (WIB)

:Ambo indak bisa manjawek dek konflik kapantingan. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 29 Januari 2024 19.44 (WIB)
:{{satuju}} Ijin wak pasang lansuang yo sanak, dek lah masuak bulannyo pulo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2024 11.25 (WIB)

=== Maret-April ===
Dek insyaAllah akan masuak bulan puaso, ambo usul [[Ramadan]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.20 (WIB)

:[[Ramadan]] alah panah manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, sarancaknyo jadi piliahan cadangan sajo kok indak ado artikel nan lain. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 29 Januari 2024 19.49 (WIB)
:: Ba'a kok wak pasang ulama sarupo [[Daud Rasyidi|Syekh Haji Daud Rasyidi]] atau [[Adam B.B.|Syekh Adam Balai-Balai]] se? Masih batema agamo Islam, jo artikel lumayan cukuik panjang. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2024 11.52 (WIB)
:::Tarimo kasih sanak {{u|Ardzun}} jo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}} atas tanggapannyo. Ma'af awak lambek mambaco.
** Ambo {{satuju}} [[Daud Rasyidi|Syekh Haji Daud Rasyidi]] untuak bulan Maret.
** Ambo {{satuju}} [[Adam B.B.|Syekh Adam Balai-Balai]] untuak bulan April.
Tarimo kasih sanak. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Pebruari 2024 01.06 (WIB)
*** {{satuju}} untuak kaduo saran di Maret jo April. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 Pebruari 2024 12.58 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ado tigo usulan ambo untuak bulan muko, silakan dipiliah salah satu dari tigo artikel ko sanak:
* [[Singapua]]
* [[Tuhan]]
* [[Kalatiahan mental]].
Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 April 2024 15.20 (WIB)

:Saran awak kalatiahan mental, dek ado ubuangan jo dunia karajo nan identik jo Ari Buruah di tanggal 1 Mei. Mungkin paralu dirapian dulu. Maimbau panguruih ciek lai @[[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 20 April 2024 12.41 (WIB)
&lt;s&gt;::{{satuju}} Kalatiahan mental. &lt;/s&gt;Tapi kok dapek nan sirah2 wak langkoki dulu, jo di kotak ado lo nan alun batajamah. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 22 April 2024 17.43 (WIB)
:::Salapeh wak baco ulang katigo artikel ko, artikel [[Tuhan]] labiah rancak sacaro konten daripado kaduo artikel nan lain. Ulasan soal Tuhan cukuik tajalehan, daripado [[Kalatiahan mental]] nan alun sampai ka poin masalah. Manuruik Ambo, untuak artikel nan ado ubuangan jo medis sarancaknyo garih gadang panyakik/kondisi medis tagambarkan dari ulu ka ilia (terapi), sadangkan artikel Kalatiahan mental masih tafokus jo sijarah/definisi nan manuruik ambo malenceng dari tujuan artikel medis. Baa pak {{u|Naval Scene}}? [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 24 April 2024 18.13 (WIB)
::::{{satuju}} Buliah se da [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]]. Beko nan [[kalatiahan mental]] itu dapeklah wak peloki dulu. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 April 2024 02.21 (WIB)
::::: Ambo izin maeksekusi sanak {{u|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 13.40 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Tan Malaka]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 14.10 (WIB)
:Karano indak ado tanggapan, mako ambo anggap sajo satuju. Ambo izin mamasang di laman utamo. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 13 Juni 2024 23.37 (WIB)
::{{satuju}} Mintak maaf agak lambek manjawek. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Juni 2024 17.10 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 14.20 (WIB)

:*{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 22 Mai 2024 13.36 (WIB)
:*{{satuju}} tapi kok buliah wak langkoki daulu nan sirah-sirah tu. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Juni 2024 17.03 (WIB)
:::Ambo izin maeksekusi sanak {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Juli 2024 09.43 (WIB)
::::Siap, mokasih Sanak {{u|Urang Kamang}}

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Mohammad Natsir]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Juli 2024 17.58 (WIB)
*{{satuju}}, Sanak [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 23 Juli 2024 08.57 (WIB)
:Ambo izin maeksekusi, sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2024 07.56 (WIB)
::Siap, mokasih sanak. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2024 14.15 (WIB)

=== September ===
Samantaro Ambo malanjuikan ANT dari bulan kapatang sajo. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 September 2024 14.20 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
=== Nopember ===
Ambo usul [[Parang Paderi]], baa manuruik sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Urang Kamang}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.43 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} dengan catatan pranala sirah &quot;dibiruan&quot; supayo labiah rancak dipandang. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.46 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} sanak. Lah ambo buek lansuang dek alah masuak bulannyo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Nopember 2024 07.39 (WIB)
:*:Tarimo kasih banyak sanak. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 3 Nopember 2024 08.42 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul [[Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck (film)|Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck]], baa manuruik sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Urang Kamang}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.43 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} dengan catatan poster film dari id.wiki diupload ka siko. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.47 (WIB)
:*:Dek ambo indak panguruih, jadi indak bisa mamuek berkas. Dek itu, mintak toloang panguruih untuak mamueknyo. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 16.37 (WIB)
:*::Alah Ambo muek naiak, buliah caliak di siko [[:Berkas:Poster film Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck.jpg]] [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2024 16.30 (WIB)

== 2023 ==
=== Januari ===
Untuak bulan iko alun ado artikel nan tapiliah, ado usulan dari Sanak-Sanak Wiki sakalian artikel nan ma ancaknyo? Mohon tanggapannyo! [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 15 Januari 2023 18.23 (WIB)

Ambo usul: [[Kota Sawahlunto]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannya karano artikelnyo cukuik panjang, kamudian salain itu Sawahlunto marupoan salah satu kota nan punyo banyak nilai sijarahnyo di Sumatra Barat. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 15 Januari 2023 18.42 (WIB)

:* {{setuju}} untuak samantaro wak pakai artikel [[Kota Sawahlunto]] dulu. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 23 Januari 2023 11.19 (WIB)

=== Februari ===
Ambo usul: [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannya karano kabupaten tasampik kaduo di Sumatera Barat.
, kamudian salain itu kabupaten Sijunjung marupokan salah satu kabupaten nan punyo banyak nilai sijarahnyo di Sumatra Barat. [[Pangguno:Alem|Alem]] ([[ Carito lamak:alem|maota ]]) 28 februari 2023 21.15 (WIB)

:* {{indak satuju}} Alasannyo dek artikel [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] masih sabantuak artikel rancangan/artikel kelas C, alun manjadi artikel nan dikatokan rancak dek alun ado banyak bahasan di dalamnyo. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Maret 2023 14.09 (WIB)

Ambo usul: [[Musajik Tuo Siguntua]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannyo karano bulan iko kito kan masuak ka bulan ramadhan jadi tema nan diangkek iolah tema nan islami. Salain tu artikel tasabuik alah mancapai sapuluah ribu bita, jadi alah cukuik rasonyo informasi nan disampaian. Itu dari ambo, kok ado piliahan nan lain dari dunsanak nan lain rancak bana. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 3 Maret 2023 17.53 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Dek alah labiah dari sapakan alun ado juo usulan nan alah tapasang, ambo mintak isin puta baliak artikel [[Kambiang utan sumatera]] (Artikel nan Tapiliah Maret 2017). Tarimo kasih, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 9 Maret 2023 16.42 (WIB)

=== April ===
Usulan sanak [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] di ateh alah ambo liek, lah rancak juo artikelnyo. Ambo suai juo karano bulan muko masiah batapatan jo bulan puaso, elok wak angkek tema Islami. Ambo usul: [[Musajik Tuo Siguntua]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 9 Maret 2023 16.47 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 15.31 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 23.58 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ambo usul [[Muhammadiyah di Sumatera Barat]]. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 15.29 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 23.58 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Hagia Sophia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Mai 2023 15.35 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Juni 2023 18.47 (WIB)

:* {{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 3 Juni 2023 13.48 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[WhatsApp]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Mai 2023 15.38 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 13 Juli 2023 13.26 (WIB)
:Halo. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Juli 2023 11.07 (WIB)

Ambo usul [[Al-Bajan (majalah)]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Lim Natee|maota]]) 10 Juli 2023 06.51 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Yurisprudensi]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 14 Juni 2023 08.05 (WIB)
 
Ambo usul [[Bagindo Aziz Chan]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Lim Natee|maota]]) 10 Juli 2023 07.00 (WIB)

Halo. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 12 Agustus 2023 23.37 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} untuak Yurisprudensi. Nan Bagindo Aziz Chan untuak bulan muko sajo yo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 17 Agustus 2023 17.09 (WIB)

=== September ===
Usul [[Bagindo Aziz Chan]] di bulan ko, sasuai usulan Sanak [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] di ateh. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 25 Agustus 2023 10.41 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 September 2023 14.27 (WIB)

=== Oktober === 
Ambo usul [[Al-Bajan (majalah)]] di bulan ko, sasuai usulan Sanak [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] bulan Juli di ateh. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 29 Agustus 2023 18.47 (WIB)
* {{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 September 2023 17.51 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Bismillah. Ambo usul [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 September 2023 17.58 (WIB)
* {{Satuju}}, sanak! [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 10 Oktober 2023 17.25 (WIB)
::Ambo izin ma-eksekusi sanak, {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 11 Nopember 2023 17.13 (WIB)
:::Moh lah sanak {{ping|Urang Kamang}}, mokasih. 12 Nopember 2023 14.13 (WIB) [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Nopember 2023 14.13 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
&lt;s&gt;Bismillah. Ambo usul [[Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Kompas TV]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 30 September 2023 09.36 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
: Artikel ko alah rancak, tapi rujuakannyo masih kurang agaknyo. Kok lah batambah lai saketek ambo raso labiah elok. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Nopember 2023 14.22 (WIB)
::Ambo ganti usulan manjadi [[Japang]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 Nopember 2023 23.00 (WIB)
::: Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 3 Desember 2023 22.21 (WIB)
:::*{{setuju}} untuak Japang. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 4 Desember 2023 12.22 (WIB)
:::*{{satuju}} juo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 4 Desember 2023 18.02 (WIB)
:::: Ambo izin ma-eksekusi sanak, {{u|Rahmatdenas}},  {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 12 Desember 2023 10.09 (WIB)

== 2022 ==
=== Januari ===
Dek indak ado usulan nan masuak, puta baliak [[Diabetes Mellitus]]

=== Pebruari ===
Usul: [[Mohammad Natsir]]. Alaman cukuik panjang jo rujuakannyo banyak. 31 Januari 2022 19.07 (WIB)
: Dek alah masuak 2 Pebruari jo indak ado nan mambantah, artikel tasabuik ditampilkan di alaman muko. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2022 16.30 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Ambo usul [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]. Ndak ado pranala merah, panjang artikel cukuik, ditambah poto sabagai ilustrasi. Meski alun dipabarui isinyo dari idwiki lai. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2022 22.27 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwadieff]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 11 Pebruari 2022 00.26 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 27 Pebruari 2022 13.51 (WIB)

=== April ===
Dek indak ado usulan nan masuak bulan ko, ijin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Islam]], [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 April 2022 13.51 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Dek alun ado juo usulan baru, ijin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Nepenthes rajah]], sabauk artikel ko elok jo lah cukuik langkok isinyo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 28 April 2022 16.37 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
[[Sjafruddin Prawiranegara]]

=== Juli ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel baru untuak Juli ko, izin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Urang Ocu]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juli 2022 15.33 (WIB)

=== November ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel baru untuk November ko, izin maangkek [[Parang Salib]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah bulan ko. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2022 20.31 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel nan tapiliah nan baru untuak desember ko, izin malanjuikkan [[Parang Salib]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah bulan ko. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 5 Desember 2022 11.22 (WIB)

== 2021 ==
=== Januari ===
Bismillah. Supayo baragam, kito cubo artikel kesehatan nan masih paralu bana di maso pandemi ko. Ambo usul '''[[Panyakik koronavirus 2019]]''' sabagai ANT. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 Januari 2021 13.18 (WIB)
*{{vote}} '''Sapakaik'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 5 Januari 2021 13.25 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Usul [[Taman Nasional Komodo]]. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 31 Januari 2021 19.05 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Pebruari 2021 14.07 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Usul [[Babako]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 16 Mai 2021 20.46 (WIB)
*{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 16 Mai 2021 20.53 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Usul [[Babako]] untuak bulan Juni dek di bulan Mai alah ado artikel [[Dian yang Tak Kunjung Padam]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 31 Mai 2021 16.30 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} Da Juna. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 31 Mai 2021 16.37 (WIB)
* {{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 31 Mai 2021 23.40 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Usul '''[[Tunggal panaluan]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.20 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Usul '''[[Andani Eka Putra]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.21 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== September ===
Usul '''[[Arbitrase]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.21 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul [[Sipak rago]]. [[Pangguno:SutanKart|SutanKart]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SutanKart|maota]]) 12 Juni 2021 14.00 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2021 12.13 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} rancak bana ko! [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2021 13.30 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2021 21.36 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Usul: [[Bakaua]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2021 21.45 (WIB)

:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwadieff]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 28 Oktober 2021 09.00 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2021 19.09 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 8 Nopember 2021 07.39 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Usul: [[Gambia (tanaman)]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 28 Oktober 2021 11.20 (WIB)

:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 8 Nopember 2021 07.39 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 Desember 2021 10.30 (WIB)

== 2020 ==
=== Januari ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Teh talua]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 28 Desember 2019 18.23 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} '''Setuju'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 28 Desember 2019 19.20 (WIB)

=== April ===
Tajadi kakosongan slot AnT kini. Ambo usulkan '''[[Urang Cino Padang]]'''. Maimbau {{ping|Ardzun}}, {{ping|Muhraz}}, jo {{ping|Naval Scene}}. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.05 (WIB)
# {{satuju}}. Artikel iko alah rancak bana. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.14 (WIB)
# {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 4 April 2020 14.26 (WIB)
# Satuju [[Pangguno:Muhraz|Muhraz]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Muhraz|maota]]) 5 April 2020 13.29 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Ambo usul '''[[Benteng Bukik Tak Jadi]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.20 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Mai 2020 08.38 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul '''[[Aligator Amerika]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Harditaher|maota]]) 4 Juni 2020 11.29 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul '''[[Taman Sejarah Nasional Chaco Culture]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juli 2020 18.11 (WIB)
:{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|rundiang]]) 1 Juli 2020 18.54 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul '''[[Karbamazepin]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2020 11.00 (WIB)

=== September ===
Ambo usul '''[[Urang Mukomuko]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 30 Agustus 2020 09.21 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul '''[[Pulau Sebuku (Sumatera)]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 19 Oktober 2020 14.10 (WIB)

=== November ===
Ambo usul '''[[Urang Lematang]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2020 14.17 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} Awak naiakan iko se yo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2020 16.40 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul '''[[Nepenthes rajah]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
# {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|rundiang]]) 30 Nopember 2020 18.34 (WIB)
# {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Desember 2020 13.10 (WIB)

== 2019 ==
=== Mai ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Irwan Prayitno]] sabagai artikel biografi nan partamo tampil di Wikipedia baso Minang pado tahun 2019. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 9 Mai 2019 14.22 (WIB)
:*Satuju sanak! Mancaliak kini alun banyak stok ANT wak. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 9 Mai 2019 21.02 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} untuak bulan Juni 2019, dek lah ado untuak bulan ko [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 13 Mai 2019 00.06 (WIB)

== 2018 ==
=== Oktober ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Irwan Prayitno]] sabagai artikel biografi nan partamo tampil di Wikipedia baso Minang. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Oktober 2018 15.07 (WIB)

== 2014 ==
=== Januari ===
:&lt;s&gt;Saya calonkan [[Urang Melayu]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
Saya usulkan [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Desember 2013 12.20 (WIB)
::{{satuju}}. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 31 Desember 2013 17.50 (WIB)
:::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Januari 2014 13.23 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===

=== Maret ===
Saya usulkan [[Sumatera]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 15 Pebruari 2014 19.29 (WIB)

=== April ===

=== Mai ===

=== Juni ===
:Saya usulkan [[Jakarta]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.49 (WIB)
::Mungkin maksud Anda [[Daerah Kusuih Ibukota Jakarta]]. Insya Allah dalam sebulan sudah selesai saya terjemahkan. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.51 (WIB)
:::Wah, Hebat! Saya mengusulkannya atas dasar bahwa ulang tahun kota ini jatuh pada 22 Juni. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.59 (WIB)
::::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 31 Mai 2014 20.31 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Saya usulkan [[Islam]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Pebruari 2014 12.45 (WIB)
:{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Juli 2014 16.17 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
:Saya usulkan [[Indonesia]], bertepatan dengan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.49 (WIB)

== 2013 ==
=== Pebruari-Maret ===
Usul [[Urang Minang]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|bicara]]) 10 Pebruari 2013 13.13 (WIT)
:{{done}} Dek sebab indak ado pandapek lain, artikel ko alah ditampilan di Laman Utamo. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Maret 2013 21.59 (WIT)

=== April ===
Dek sebab [[Namo urang Minangkabau]] alun dapek disalasaian tarajamahannyo bulan ko, ambo mangusulannyo untuak bulan April. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Maret 2013 18.39 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Juni 2013 05.12 (WIT)

=== Mai ===
Usul [[Semen Padang FC]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Maret 2013 18.39 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== Juni ===
Saya mengusulkan [[Plasmodium vivax]].----'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:اڤليکاسي&quot;&gt;[[Pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#6666FF&quot;&gt;Aplikasi&lt;/span&gt;]] (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;[[Pembicaraan pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0087BD&quot;&gt;Bicara&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;''' 25 Maret 2013 18.57 (WIT)
:Terlalu pendek. Macam mana kalau [[David Jacobs]]? [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 27 Maret 2013 09.48 (WIT)
::Boleh juga, ianya juga panjang.----'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:اڤليکاسي&quot;&gt;[[Pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#6666FF&quot;&gt;Aplikasi&lt;/span&gt;]] (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;[[Pembicaraan pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0087BD&quot;&gt;Bicara&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;''' 27 Maret 2013 09.54 (WIT)
:::{{done}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Juni 2013 05.12 (WIT)

=== Juli ===
[[Bahaso Minangkabau]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 28 Maret 2013 07.47 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== Agustus ===
[[Sumatera Barat]] nan alah dikambangan sanak Ardzun. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 20 April 2013 13.42 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== September ===
Saya usulkan [[Kota Kinabalu]], saya akan usahakannya, harap ado nan dapaik mambantu saya menerjemahkannya. [[Pengguna:Ranking Update|Ranking Update]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Ranking Update|maota]]) 8 Mai 2013 21.30 (WIT)
:Baik, akan saya coba usahakan. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 8 Mai 2013 21.52 (WIT)
::{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 3 September 2013 19.44 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
:Ba a kalau [[Kota Sawahlunto]] se nan ditampilkan, sabalun bulan Oktober, ambo usahoan manyalasaian artikel iko sanak''' [[Pengguna:Faishal Wafiq Zakiy|Faishal Wafiq Zakiy]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Faishal Wafiq Zakiy|maota]]) 28 Mai 2013 16.28(WIB)
::{{setuju}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Juni 2013 08.35 (WIT)
:::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 3 Oktober 2013 11.49 (WIT)

=== Nopember ===
:Saya calonkan [[Kota Padang]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 3 Oktober 2013 08.44 (WIT)
::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2013 11.21 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
:Saya calonkan ''[[Zonsondergang bij Montmajour]]''. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2013 14.29 (WIB)
::Saya pula lebih suka [[Urang Malayu]]. Lebih panjang dan lebih Minang. Bagaimana? [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.09 (WIB)
:::Itu bisa diusulkan bulan depan. Artikel ini sudah layak diusulkan untuk ANT, karena semua bagiannya sudah ada rujukannya. Lagipula jarang ada ANT bertema seni. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)
::::Usulan anda tentang [[Urang Melayu]] telah saya usulkan di bulan Januari 2014. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)
:::::Saya rasa artisan Zonsondergang itu masih terlalu pendek... [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.24 (WIB)
::::::Pendek namun ada rujukannya, daripada panjang namun rujukannya terlalu sedikit. Lagipula suatu ANT tidak dilihat dari panjang-pendeknya suatu artikel, namun kelengkapan suatu artikel. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.46 (WIB)
:::::::&lt;s&gt;{{alah}} &lt;/s&gt;[[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 09.30 (WIB)
::::::::Tunggu dulu. Saya tetap tidak setuju dengan artikel ini. Terlalu pendek. Harap dipertimbangkan, jangan mengambil kesimpulan sendiri saja. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 13.34 (WIB)
:::::::::[[Urang Malayu]], boleh? [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 15.27 (WIB)
::::::::::Kalau itu saya setuju. Silakan. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 20.53 (WIB)
:::::::::::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 21.37 (WIB)


[[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3353478</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T03:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>1673</id>
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      <comment>/* 2027 */ Januari 2027</comment>
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      <text bytes="41710" sha1="pwq5w4by4edzq4x505s8bmy7lmifw0c" xml:space="preserve">== 2027 ==
=== Januari ===
Ambo usul [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2026 10.24 (WIB)

== 2026 ==
=== Januari-Mai ===
* [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]
* [[Ramadan]]
* [[Biluluak]]
* [[Bahaso Minangkabau]]
* [[Haji]]
Limo artikel di ateh alah ditampilan baurutan sabalunnyo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Mai 2026 14.45 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Karano sudah lewat babarapo hari, ambo buek sajo [[Urangutan]] yo sanak. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 3 Juni 2026 10.30 (WIB)
:Satuju, mokasih Sanak [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]]. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Juni 2026 17.39 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Untuak bulan iko ambo mausulan [[Michelle Yeoh]]. Memang masih banyak pautan sirah tapi alah langkok pambahasannyo. Ba'a pandapek dunsanak kasadonyo? [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 13 Juni 2026 19.40 (WIB)
: Dek lah masuak juo babarapo ari bulan Juli ko, ijin dimuek se usulan nan iko yo sanak. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Juli 2026 18.22 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo mausulan [[Rasuna Said]], dek liau salah surang Pahlawan Nasional. Tapi, catatan kakinyo masih pe-er nan paralu wak basamo peloki, dek salah manauik ka rujuakan kasehatan. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 13 Juni 2026 19.45 (WIB)

=== September ===
Dikaranoan dek bulan September ampia abih, untuak artikel bulan iko ambo piliah sajo tentang [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]].
[[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 23 September 2026 22.37 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Salam dunsanak!, untuk bulan oktober ko ambo ma usulan [[Batu basurek Pagaruyuang I]] manjadi artikel nan tapiliah. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 2 Oktober 2026 15.34 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
[[Neptunus]]
: Ambo raso artikel Neptunus talalu singkek, ba'a kok [[Che Guevara]] sajo? [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 16.15 (WIB)
::Ok :)
:::{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2026 10.16 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo mausulan [[Anschluss]], alah cukik panjang jo langkok, tapi rasonyo paralu agak dipareso/dipeloki saketek ijoannyo daulu. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 16.37 (WIB)

== 2025 ==
=== Januari ===
Salam, dunsanak ambo. Dek indak ado usulan jo lah masuak taun baru babarapo ari, ambo ijin puta baliak artikel [[Urang Mukomuko]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah tuak Januari 2025 yo. Wassalam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Januari 2025 14.20 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Salam dunsanak. Dek akhie bulan patang ado Taun Baru Imlek, ambo mausulan [[Urang Cino Padang]]—nan alah pernah manjadi ANT April 2020—untuak ANT bulan kini. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 10.56 (WIB)

:{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 16.05 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Dek insyaAllah Maret batepatan bana jo masuaknyo bulan puaso, ambo usul [[Ramadan]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Rang Djambak}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.00 (WIB)

:Ramadan alah panah diusulan manjadi Artikel nan Tapiliah pado Mei 2019. Buliah sajo diangkek baliak, asalai ado pangambangan artikelnyo. Atau opsi kaduo, artikel [[Paparangan Badar]] nan dijadian untuak ANT Maret 2025. Baa @[[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]]@[[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]]@[[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 17 Pebruari 2025 15.46 (WIB)
::Kalau baitu, ambo {{satuju}} [[Paparangan Badar]] sajo sanak @[[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 Pebruari 2025 19.31 (WIB)
::{{satuju}} juo, jo mintak izin ambo buek lo sakalian dek iko lah masuak juo ka bulannyo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 5 Maret 2025 16.27 (WIB)

=== April ===
Ambo usul [[Paparangan Badar]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.02 (WIB)

:Izin ambo buek sajo baliak, soalnyo lah patangahan bulan. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.49 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ambo usul [[Kabangkitan nasional Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.09 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Pamarintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]])

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[Gamawan Fauzi]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.04 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)
:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Juni 2025 11.37 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Kadudukan Sumatera Barat dek Japang]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.06 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== September ===
Ambo usul [[Rohana Muthalib]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.09 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Ambo usul [[Urang Pasisia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul [[Soedarpo Sastrosatomo]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2025 11.15 (WIB)

:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 13 April 2025 15.53 (WIB)

== 2024 ==
=== Januari ===
&lt;s&gt;Ambo usul [[Stroke]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Januari 2024 02.22 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
::Karano indak ado tanggapan dan {{u|Otrismon}} langsuang manulih [[Muhammadiyah di Sumatera Barat]] sabagai ANT Januari 2024, ambo satujui sajolah kalau baitu. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.09 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Ambo usul [[Stroke]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.09 (WIB)

:Ambo indak bisa manjawek dek konflik kapantingan. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 29 Januari 2024 19.44 (WIB)
:{{satuju}} Ijin wak pasang lansuang yo sanak, dek lah masuak bulannyo pulo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2024 11.25 (WIB)

=== Maret-April ===
Dek insyaAllah akan masuak bulan puaso, ambo usul [[Ramadan]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Januari 2024 02.20 (WIB)

:[[Ramadan]] alah panah manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, sarancaknyo jadi piliahan cadangan sajo kok indak ado artikel nan lain. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 29 Januari 2024 19.49 (WIB)
:: Ba'a kok wak pasang ulama sarupo [[Daud Rasyidi|Syekh Haji Daud Rasyidi]] atau [[Adam B.B.|Syekh Adam Balai-Balai]] se? Masih batema agamo Islam, jo artikel lumayan cukuik panjang. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2024 11.52 (WIB)
:::Tarimo kasih sanak {{u|Ardzun}} jo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}} atas tanggapannyo. Ma'af awak lambek mambaco.
** Ambo {{satuju}} [[Daud Rasyidi|Syekh Haji Daud Rasyidi]] untuak bulan Maret.
** Ambo {{satuju}} [[Adam B.B.|Syekh Adam Balai-Balai]] untuak bulan April.
Tarimo kasih sanak. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Pebruari 2024 01.06 (WIB)
*** {{satuju}} untuak kaduo saran di Maret jo April. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 Pebruari 2024 12.58 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ado tigo usulan ambo untuak bulan muko, silakan dipiliah salah satu dari tigo artikel ko sanak:
* [[Singapua]]
* [[Tuhan]]
* [[Kalatiahan mental]].
Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 April 2024 15.20 (WIB)

:Saran awak kalatiahan mental, dek ado ubuangan jo dunia karajo nan identik jo Ari Buruah di tanggal 1 Mei. Mungkin paralu dirapian dulu. Maimbau panguruih ciek lai @[[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 20 April 2024 12.41 (WIB)
&lt;s&gt;::{{satuju}} Kalatiahan mental. &lt;/s&gt;Tapi kok dapek nan sirah2 wak langkoki dulu, jo di kotak ado lo nan alun batajamah. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 22 April 2024 17.43 (WIB)
:::Salapeh wak baco ulang katigo artikel ko, artikel [[Tuhan]] labiah rancak sacaro konten daripado kaduo artikel nan lain. Ulasan soal Tuhan cukuik tajalehan, daripado [[Kalatiahan mental]] nan alun sampai ka poin masalah. Manuruik Ambo, untuak artikel nan ado ubuangan jo medis sarancaknyo garih gadang panyakik/kondisi medis tagambarkan dari ulu ka ilia (terapi), sadangkan artikel Kalatiahan mental masih tafokus jo sijarah/definisi nan manuruik ambo malenceng dari tujuan artikel medis. Baa pak {{u|Naval Scene}}? [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 24 April 2024 18.13 (WIB)
::::{{satuju}} Buliah se da [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]]. Beko nan [[kalatiahan mental]] itu dapeklah wak peloki dulu. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 30 April 2024 02.21 (WIB)
::::: Ambo izin maeksekusi sanak {{u|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 13.40 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Tan Malaka]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 14.10 (WIB)
:Karano indak ado tanggapan, mako ambo anggap sajo satuju. Ambo izin mamasang di laman utamo. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 13 Juni 2024 23.37 (WIB)
::{{satuju}} Mintak maaf agak lambek manjawek. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Juni 2024 17.10 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Mai 2024 14.20 (WIB)

:*{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 22 Mai 2024 13.36 (WIB)
:*{{satuju}} tapi kok buliah wak langkoki daulu nan sirah-sirah tu. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 19 Juni 2024 17.03 (WIB)
:::Ambo izin maeksekusi sanak {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 6 Juli 2024 09.43 (WIB)
::::Siap, mokasih Sanak {{u|Urang Kamang}}

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Mohammad Natsir]]. Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Juli 2024 17.58 (WIB)
*{{satuju}}, Sanak [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 23 Juli 2024 08.57 (WIB)
:Ambo izin maeksekusi, sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2024 07.56 (WIB)
::Siap, mokasih sanak. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2024 14.15 (WIB)

=== September ===
Samantaro Ambo malanjuikan ANT dari bulan kapatang sajo. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 September 2024 14.20 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
=== Nopember ===
Ambo usul [[Parang Paderi]], baa manuruik sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Urang Kamang}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.43 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} dengan catatan pranala sirah &quot;dibiruan&quot; supayo labiah rancak dipandang. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.46 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} sanak. Lah ambo buek lansuang dek alah masuak bulannyo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Nopember 2024 07.39 (WIB)
:*:Tarimo kasih banyak sanak. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 3 Nopember 2024 08.42 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul [[Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck (film)|Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck]], baa manuruik sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}, {{u|Urang Kamang}}? Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.43 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} dengan catatan poster film dari id.wiki diupload ka siko. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 13.47 (WIB)
:*:Dek ambo indak panguruih, jadi indak bisa mamuek berkas. Dek itu, mintak toloang panguruih untuak mamueknyo. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2024 16.37 (WIB)
:*::Alah Ambo muek naiak, buliah caliak di siko [[:Berkas:Poster film Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck.jpg]] [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2024 16.30 (WIB)

== 2023 ==
=== Januari ===
Untuak bulan iko alun ado artikel nan tapiliah, ado usulan dari Sanak-Sanak Wiki sakalian artikel nan ma ancaknyo? Mohon tanggapannyo! [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 15 Januari 2023 18.23 (WIB)

Ambo usul: [[Kota Sawahlunto]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannya karano artikelnyo cukuik panjang, kamudian salain itu Sawahlunto marupoan salah satu kota nan punyo banyak nilai sijarahnyo di Sumatra Barat. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 15 Januari 2023 18.42 (WIB)

:* {{setuju}} untuak samantaro wak pakai artikel [[Kota Sawahlunto]] dulu. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 23 Januari 2023 11.19 (WIB)

=== Februari ===
Ambo usul: [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannya karano kabupaten tasampik kaduo di Sumatera Barat.
, kamudian salain itu kabupaten Sijunjung marupokan salah satu kabupaten nan punyo banyak nilai sijarahnyo di Sumatra Barat. [[Pangguno:Alem|Alem]] ([[ Carito lamak:alem|maota ]]) 28 februari 2023 21.15 (WIB)

:* {{indak satuju}} Alasannyo dek artikel [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] masih sabantuak artikel rancangan/artikel kelas C, alun manjadi artikel nan dikatokan rancak dek alun ado banyak bahasan di dalamnyo. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Maret 2023 14.09 (WIB)

Ambo usul: [[Musajik Tuo Siguntua]] untuak manjadi artikel nan tapiliah, alasannyo karano bulan iko kito kan masuak ka bulan ramadhan jadi tema nan diangkek iolah tema nan islami. Salain tu artikel tasabuik alah mancapai sapuluah ribu bita, jadi alah cukuik rasonyo informasi nan disampaian. Itu dari ambo, kok ado piliahan nan lain dari dunsanak nan lain rancak bana. [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 3 Maret 2023 17.53 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Dek alah labiah dari sapakan alun ado juo usulan nan alah tapasang, ambo mintak isin puta baliak artikel [[Kambiang utan sumatera]] (Artikel nan Tapiliah Maret 2017). Tarimo kasih, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 9 Maret 2023 16.42 (WIB)

=== April ===
Usulan sanak [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] di ateh alah ambo liek, lah rancak juo artikelnyo. Ambo suai juo karano bulan muko masiah batapatan jo bulan puaso, elok wak angkek tema Islami. Ambo usul: [[Musajik Tuo Siguntua]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 9 Maret 2023 16.47 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 15.31 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 23.58 (WIB)

=== Mai ===
Ambo usul [[Muhammadiyah di Sumatera Barat]]. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 15.29 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 22 Maret 2023 23.58 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul [[Hagia Sophia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Mai 2023 15.35 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 Juni 2023 18.47 (WIB)

:* {{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 3 Juni 2023 13.48 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul [[WhatsApp]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 28 Mai 2023 15.38 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 13 Juli 2023 13.26 (WIB)
:Halo. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Juli 2023 11.07 (WIB)

Ambo usul [[Al-Bajan (majalah)]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Lim Natee|maota]]) 10 Juli 2023 06.51 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul [[Yurisprudensi]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 14 Juni 2023 08.05 (WIB)
 
Ambo usul [[Bagindo Aziz Chan]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Lim Natee|maota]]) 10 Juli 2023 07.00 (WIB)

Halo. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 12 Agustus 2023 23.37 (WIB)
:* {{satuju}} untuak Yurisprudensi. Nan Bagindo Aziz Chan untuak bulan muko sajo yo. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 17 Agustus 2023 17.09 (WIB)

=== September ===
Usul [[Bagindo Aziz Chan]] di bulan ko, sasuai usulan Sanak [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] di ateh. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 25 Agustus 2023 10.41 (WIB)

:* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 September 2023 14.27 (WIB)

=== Oktober === 
Ambo usul [[Al-Bajan (majalah)]] di bulan ko, sasuai usulan Sanak [[Pangguno:Lim Natee|林俊沃]] bulan Juli di ateh. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 29 Agustus 2023 18.47 (WIB)
* {{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 September 2023 17.51 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Bismillah. Ambo usul [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 September 2023 17.58 (WIB)
* {{Satuju}}, sanak! [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 10 Oktober 2023 17.25 (WIB)
::Ambo izin ma-eksekusi sanak, {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 11 Nopember 2023 17.13 (WIB)
:::Moh lah sanak {{ping|Urang Kamang}}, mokasih. 12 Nopember 2023 14.13 (WIB) [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Nopember 2023 14.13 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
&lt;s&gt;Bismillah. Ambo usul [[Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Kompas TV]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 30 September 2023 09.36 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
: Artikel ko alah rancak, tapi rujuakannyo masih kurang agaknyo. Kok lah batambah lai saketek ambo raso labiah elok. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 12 Nopember 2023 14.22 (WIB)
::Ambo ganti usulan manjadi [[Japang]]. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 17 Nopember 2023 23.00 (WIB)
::: Baa tanggapannyo sanak {{u|Naval Scene}}, {{u|Ardzun}}, {{u|Rahmatdenas}}? [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 3 Desember 2023 22.21 (WIB)
:::*{{setuju}} untuak Japang. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 4 Desember 2023 12.22 (WIB)
:::*{{satuju}} juo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 4 Desember 2023 18.02 (WIB)
:::: Ambo izin ma-eksekusi sanak, {{u|Rahmatdenas}},  {{u|Naval Scene}}. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 12 Desember 2023 10.09 (WIB)

== 2022 ==
=== Januari ===
Dek indak ado usulan nan masuak, puta baliak [[Diabetes Mellitus]]

=== Pebruari ===
Usul: [[Mohammad Natsir]]. Alaman cukuik panjang jo rujuakannyo banyak. 31 Januari 2022 19.07 (WIB)
: Dek alah masuak 2 Pebruari jo indak ado nan mambantah, artikel tasabuik ditampilkan di alaman muko. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Pebruari 2022 16.30 (WIB)

=== Maret ===
Ambo usul [[Musajik Rayo Gantiang]]. Ndak ado pranala merah, panjang artikel cukuik, ditambah poto sabagai ilustrasi. Meski alun dipabarui isinyo dari idwiki lai. Tarimo kasih. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 7 Pebruari 2022 22.27 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwadieff]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 11 Pebruari 2022 00.26 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 27 Pebruari 2022 13.51 (WIB)

=== April ===
Dek indak ado usulan nan masuak bulan ko, ijin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Islam]], [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 1 April 2022 13.51 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Dek alun ado juo usulan baru, ijin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Nepenthes rajah]], sabauk artikel ko elok jo lah cukuik langkok isinyo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 28 April 2022 16.37 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
[[Sjafruddin Prawiranegara]]

=== Juli ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel baru untuak Juli ko, izin ambo puta baliak artikel [[Urang Ocu]]. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juli 2022 15.33 (WIB)

=== November ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel baru untuk November ko, izin maangkek [[Parang Salib]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah bulan ko. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2022 20.31 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Dek alun ado usulan artikel nan tapiliah nan baru untuak desember ko, izin malanjuikkan [[Parang Salib]] jadi artikel nan tapiliah bulan ko. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 5 Desember 2022 11.22 (WIB)

== 2021 ==
=== Januari ===
Bismillah. Supayo baragam, kito cubo artikel kesehatan nan masih paralu bana di maso pandemi ko. Ambo usul '''[[Panyakik koronavirus 2019]]''' sabagai ANT. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 5 Januari 2021 13.18 (WIB)
*{{vote}} '''Sapakaik'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 5 Januari 2021 13.25 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===
Usul [[Taman Nasional Komodo]]. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 31 Januari 2021 19.05 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 Pebruari 2021 14.07 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Usul [[Babako]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 16 Mai 2021 20.46 (WIB)
*{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 16 Mai 2021 20.53 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Usul [[Babako]] untuak bulan Juni dek di bulan Mai alah ado artikel [[Dian yang Tak Kunjung Padam]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 31 Mai 2021 16.30 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} Da Juna. Salam, [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 31 Mai 2021 16.37 (WIB)
* {{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 31 Mai 2021 23.40 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Usul '''[[Tunggal panaluan]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.20 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Usul '''[[Andani Eka Putra]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.21 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== September ===
Usul '''[[Arbitrase]]'''. [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 1 Juni 2021 14.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juni 2021 16.21 (WIB)
* {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 2 Juni 2021 02.49 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul [[Sipak rago]]. [[Pangguno:SutanKart|SutanKart]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SutanKart|maota]]) 12 Juni 2021 14.00 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2021 12.13 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} rancak bana ko! [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2021 13.30 (WIB)
*{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2021 21.36 (WIB)

=== Nopember ===
Usul: [[Bakaua]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2021 21.45 (WIB)

:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwadieff]] [[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|✉]] 28 Oktober 2021 09.00 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Nopember 2021 19.09 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 8 Nopember 2021 07.39 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Usul: [[Gambia (tanaman)]]. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 28 Oktober 2021 11.20 (WIB)

:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 8 Nopember 2021 07.39 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 6 Desember 2021 10.30 (WIB)

== 2020 ==
=== Januari ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Teh talua]]. [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 28 Desember 2019 18.23 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} '''Setuju'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 28 Desember 2019 19.20 (WIB)

=== April ===
Tajadi kakosongan slot AnT kini. Ambo usulkan '''[[Urang Cino Padang]]'''. Maimbau {{ping|Ardzun}}, {{ping|Muhraz}}, jo {{ping|Naval Scene}}. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.05 (WIB)
# {{satuju}}. Artikel iko alah rancak bana. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.14 (WIB)
# {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 4 April 2020 14.26 (WIB)
# Satuju [[Pangguno:Muhraz|Muhraz]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Muhraz|maota]]) 5 April 2020 13.29 (WIB)

=== Mei ===
Ambo usul '''[[Benteng Bukik Tak Jadi]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.20 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 2 Mai 2020 08.38 (WIB)

=== Juni ===
Ambo usul '''[[Aligator Amerika]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Harditaher|maota]]) 4 Juni 2020 11.29 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Ambo usul '''[[Taman Sejarah Nasional Chaco Culture]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
:{{Satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Juli 2020 18.11 (WIB)
:{{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|rundiang]]) 1 Juli 2020 18.54 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
Ambo usul '''[[Karbamazepin]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

{{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 8 Agustus 2020 11.00 (WIB)

=== September ===
Ambo usul '''[[Urang Mukomuko]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)

* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 30 Agustus 2020 09.21 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
Ambo usul '''[[Pulau Sebuku (Sumatera)]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 19 Oktober 2020 14.10 (WIB)

=== November ===
Ambo usul '''[[Urang Lematang]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2020 14.17 (WIB)
* {{satuju}} Awak naiakan iko se yo. [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 4 Nopember 2020 16.40 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
Ambo usul '''[[Nepenthes rajah]]'''. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 3 April 2020 18.27 (WIB)
# {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|dwf²]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|rundiang]]) 30 Nopember 2020 18.34 (WIB)
# {{vote|y}} [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 1 Desember 2020 13.10 (WIB)

== 2019 ==
=== Mai ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Irwan Prayitno]] sabagai artikel biografi nan partamo tampil di Wikipedia baso Minang pado tahun 2019. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 9 Mai 2019 14.22 (WIB)
:*Satuju sanak! Mancaliak kini alun banyak stok ANT wak. [[Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|Rahmatdenas]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rahmatdenas|maota]]) 9 Mai 2019 21.02 (WIB)
:{{setuju}} untuak bulan Juni 2019, dek lah ado untuak bulan ko [[Pangguno:Ardzun|Ardzun]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Ardzun|maota]]) 13 Mai 2019 00.06 (WIB)

== 2018 ==
=== Oktober ===
:Ambo usuakan [[Irwan Prayitno]] sabagai artikel biografi nan partamo tampil di Wikipedia baso Minang. [[Pangguno:Urang Kamang|Urang Kamang]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Urang Kamang|maota]]) 1 Oktober 2018 15.07 (WIB)

== 2014 ==
=== Januari ===
:&lt;s&gt;Saya calonkan [[Urang Melayu]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)&lt;/s&gt;
Saya usulkan [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Desember 2013 12.20 (WIB)
::{{satuju}}. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 31 Desember 2013 17.50 (WIB)
:::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Januari 2014 13.23 (WIB)

=== Pebruari ===

=== Maret ===
Saya usulkan [[Sumatera]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 15 Pebruari 2014 19.29 (WIB)

=== April ===

=== Mai ===

=== Juni ===
:Saya usulkan [[Jakarta]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.49 (WIB)
::Mungkin maksud Anda [[Daerah Kusuih Ibukota Jakarta]]. Insya Allah dalam sebulan sudah selesai saya terjemahkan. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.51 (WIB)
:::Wah, Hebat! Saya mengusulkannya atas dasar bahwa ulang tahun kota ini jatuh pada 22 Juni. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.59 (WIB)
::::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 31 Mai 2014 20.31 (WIB)

=== Juli ===
Saya usulkan [[Islam]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Pebruari 2014 12.45 (WIB)
:{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Juli 2014 16.17 (WIB)

=== Agustus ===
:Saya usulkan [[Indonesia]], bertepatan dengan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.49 (WIB)

== 2013 ==
=== Pebruari-Maret ===
Usul [[Urang Minang]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|bicara]]) 10 Pebruari 2013 13.13 (WIT)
:{{done}} Dek sebab indak ado pandapek lain, artikel ko alah ditampilan di Laman Utamo. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Maret 2013 21.59 (WIT)

=== April ===
Dek sebab [[Namo urang Minangkabau]] alun dapek disalasaian tarajamahannyo bulan ko, ambo mangusulannyo untuak bulan April. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Maret 2013 18.39 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Juni 2013 05.12 (WIT)

=== Mai ===
Usul [[Semen Padang FC]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Maret 2013 18.39 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== Juni ===
Saya mengusulkan [[Plasmodium vivax]].----'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:اڤليکاسي&quot;&gt;[[Pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#6666FF&quot;&gt;Aplikasi&lt;/span&gt;]] (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;[[Pembicaraan pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0087BD&quot;&gt;Bicara&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;''' 25 Maret 2013 18.57 (WIT)
:Terlalu pendek. Macam mana kalau [[David Jacobs]]? [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 27 Maret 2013 09.48 (WIT)
::Boleh juga, ianya juga panjang.----'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:اڤليکاسي&quot;&gt;[[Pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#6666FF&quot;&gt;Aplikasi&lt;/span&gt;]] (&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;[[Pembicaraan pengguna:Aplikasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0087BD&quot;&gt;Bicara&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;''' 27 Maret 2013 09.54 (WIT)
:::{{done}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Juni 2013 05.12 (WIT)

=== Juli ===
[[Bahaso Minangkabau]]. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 28 Maret 2013 07.47 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== Agustus ===
[[Sumatera Barat]] nan alah dikambangan sanak Ardzun. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 20 April 2013 13.42 (WIT)
:{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 1 Agustus 2013 11.30 (WIT)

=== September ===
Saya usulkan [[Kota Kinabalu]], saya akan usahakannya, harap ado nan dapaik mambantu saya menerjemahkannya. [[Pengguna:Ranking Update|Ranking Update]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Ranking Update|maota]]) 8 Mai 2013 21.30 (WIT)
:Baik, akan saya coba usahakan. [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 8 Mai 2013 21.52 (WIT)
::{{done}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 3 September 2013 19.44 (WIB)

=== Oktober ===
:Ba a kalau [[Kota Sawahlunto]] se nan ditampilkan, sabalun bulan Oktober, ambo usahoan manyalasaian artikel iko sanak''' [[Pengguna:Faishal Wafiq Zakiy|Faishal Wafiq Zakiy]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Faishal Wafiq Zakiy|maota]]) 28 Mai 2013 16.28(WIB)
::{{setuju}} [[Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 25 Juni 2013 08.35 (WIT)
:::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 3 Oktober 2013 11.49 (WIT)

=== Nopember ===
:Saya calonkan [[Kota Padang]]. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 3 Oktober 2013 08.44 (WIT)
::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2013 11.21 (WIB)

=== Desember ===
:Saya calonkan ''[[Zonsondergang bij Montmajour]]''. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2013 14.29 (WIB)
::Saya pula lebih suka [[Urang Malayu]]. Lebih panjang dan lebih Minang. Bagaimana? [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.09 (WIB)
:::Itu bisa diusulkan bulan depan. Artikel ini sudah layak diusulkan untuk ANT, karena semua bagiannya sudah ada rujukannya. Lagipula jarang ada ANT bertema seni. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)
::::Usulan anda tentang [[Urang Melayu]] telah saya usulkan di bulan Januari 2014. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.19 (WIB)
:::::Saya rasa artisan Zonsondergang itu masih terlalu pendek... [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.24 (WIB)
::::::Pendek namun ada rujukannya, daripada panjang namun rujukannya terlalu sedikit. Lagipula suatu ANT tidak dilihat dari panjang-pendeknya suatu artikel, namun kelengkapan suatu artikel. [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 5 Nopember 2013 13.46 (WIB)
:::::::&lt;s&gt;{{alah}} &lt;/s&gt;[[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 09.30 (WIB)
::::::::Tunggu dulu. Saya tetap tidak setuju dengan artikel ini. Terlalu pendek. Harap dipertimbangkan, jangan mengambil kesimpulan sendiri saja. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 13.34 (WIB)
:::::::::[[Urang Malayu]], boleh? [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 15.27 (WIB)
::::::::::Kalau itu saya setuju. Silakan. [[Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|SpartacksCompatriot]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:SpartacksCompatriot|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 20.53 (WIB)
:::::::::::{{alah}} [[Pangguno:Hanamanteo|Hanamanteo]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Hanamanteo|maota]]) 30 Nopember 2013 21.37 (WIB)


[[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amerika Sarikaik</title>
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      <text bytes="36413" sha1="dlob3yhjv31gzb4lp7cho5r2r2sgafy" xml:space="preserve">{{Amerika Sarikaik infobox}}
'''Amerika Sarikaik''' ({{baso-en|'''United States of America'''}}, biaso disingkek '''''USA''''' atau '''''US''''' atau '''Amerika''' sajo), adolah sabuah [[republik federasi]] dari 50 [[nagara bagian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WF&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html |title=United States |publisher=CIA |work=The World Factbook |date=September 30, 2009 |accessdate=January 5, 2010 (area given in square kilometers) |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055200/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagara ko talatak di tangah [[Banua]] [[Amerika]] bagian [[utara]], babateh jo [[Kanada]] di utara dan [[Meksiko]] di [[selatan]], [[Samudra Pasifik]] di [[timur]] dan [[Samudra Atlantik]] di [[barat]]. Kamudian salah satu nagara bagiannyo talatak sabalah utara babateh jo [[Russia]] di [[Selat Bering]]. Samantaro nagara bagian [[Hawaii]] di tangah [[Samudra Pasifik]], tamasuak babarapo daerah teritorinyo nan talatak di [[Lauik Karibian]], sahinggo mamiliki wilayah sekitar 3.79&amp;nbsp;million square miles (9.83&amp;nbsp;million km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) dan panduduaknyo sakitar 328 juta urang.

Amerika Sarikaik adolah nagara tagadang [[Dafta nagara jo wilayah mandat manuruik laweh|katigo atau kaampek manuruik total lawehnyo]], sarato katigo tagadang manuruik laweh daratan jo [[Dafta nagara manuruik populasi|panduduaknyo]]. Nagara ko adolah salah satu nagara nan panduduaknyo paliang banyak babedo-bedo [[Masyarakaik multietnis|etnis]] jo [[Multikulturalisme|budayo]]nyo, sabagai asia dari [[Imigrasi ka Amerika Sarikaik|imigrasi dari babagai nagara]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DD&quot;&gt;Adams, J.Q.; Strother-Adams, Pearlie (2001). ''Dealing with Diversity''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Geografi Amerika Sarikaik|Geografi]] jo [[Iklim Amerika Sarikaik|iklim]] Amerika Sarikaik sangaiklah baragam juo, jo nagara ko adolah tampek babagai macam jinih spesies mukaluak.

== Etimologi ==
Pada tahun 1507, kartografer Jerman [[Martin Waldseemüller]] membuat sebuah peta dunia yang di dalamnya terdapat kata &quot;[[Amerika|America]]&quot; untuk merujuk pada benua bagian barat. Penamaan ini dinamakan berdasarkan seorang penjelajah dan kartografer Italia bernama [[Amerigo Vespucci]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url= http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-24-america-turns-500_N.htm?csp=34|title= Cartographer Put 'America' on the Map 500 years Ago|work=USA Today|location =Washington, D.C.|date=April 24, 2007|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=November 30, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dokumentasi pertama yang terkait dengan penggunaan frasa &quot;United States of America&quot; terdapat dalam sebuah esai anonim yang diterbitkan dalam surat kabar ''[[Virginia Gazette]]'' di Williamsburg, Virginia pada 6 April 1776.&lt;ref&gt;''&quot;To the inhabitants of Virginia,&quot; by A PLANTER.'' Dixon and Hunter's [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/VirginiaGazette/VGIssueThumbs.cfm?IssueIDNo=76.DH.16 Virginia Gazette #1287]&amp;nbsp;– April 6, 1776, Williamsburg, Virginia. Surat ini juga terdapat dalam ''American Archives'' Vol. 5&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Carter, Rusty (August 18, 2012). [http://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-usa-first-0818-20120818,0,4983868.story &quot;You read it here first&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822051820/http://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-usa-first-0818-20120818,0,4983868.story |date=2012-08-22 }}. ''Virginia Gazette''. &quot;He did a search of the archives and found the letter on the front page of the April 6, 1776, edition, published by Hunter &amp; Dixon.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Pada bulan Juni 1776, [[Thomas Jefferson]] menggunakan frasa &quot;UNITED STATES OF AMERICA&quot; dengan huruf-huruf kapital dalam baris judul rancangan [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat|Deklarasi Kemerdekaan]].&lt;ref&gt;DeLear, Byron (August 16, 2012). [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2012/0816/Who-coined-the-name-United-States-of-America-Mystery-gets-new-twist#disqus_thread &quot;Who coined the name 'United States of America'? Mystery gets new twist.&quot;] ''Christian Science Monitor'' (Boston, MA).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jefferson's &quot;original Rough draught&quot; of the [http://www.princeton.edu/~tjpapers/declaration/declaration.html Declaration of Independence]&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, dalam versi akhir Deklarasi Kemerdekaan, judul tersebut diganti menjadi &quot;united States of America&quot;.&lt;!--Do not uppercase &quot;united&quot; here: it is unambiguously lowercased in the Declaration--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html |title=The Charters of Freedom |publisher=National Archives |accessdate=June 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624075829/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html |archive-date=June 24, 2013 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pada 1977, [[Pasal Konfederasi]] secara resmi menyatakan: &quot;Nama dari Konfederasi ini haruslah 'The United States of America'&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Mary Mostert|title=The Threat of Anarchy Leads to the Constitution of the United States|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jntSQ-yn66AC&amp;pg=PA18|year=2005|publisher=CTR Publishing, Inc.|page=18|isbn=9780975385142}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bentuk pendek &quot;United States&quot; (Negara-Negara Serikat) juga kerap digunakan sebagai bentuk standar negara ini. Bentuk umum lainnya adalah &quot;U.S.&quot;, &quot;USA&quot;, dan &quot;America&quot;. Sebutan sehari-seharinya adalah &quot;U.S. of A.&quot;, dan secara internasional kadang hanya disebut dengan &quot;the States&quot;. &quot;[[Columbia (nama)|Columbia]]&quot;, kata yang populer dalam puisi dan lagu-lagu pada akhir 1700-an,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Get to Know D.C. |url=http://www.historydc.org/aboutdc.aspx |publisher=Historical Society of Washington, D.C. |accessdate=July 11, 2011 |archive-date=2010-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918042009/http://www.historydc.org/aboutdc.aspx |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; diambil dari nama [[Christopher Columbus]]; kata ini menjadi dasar penamaan &quot;[[Distrik Columbia]]&quot;.

Sebutan standar untuk merujuk pada warga negara Amerika Serikat adalah &quot;[[Bangsa Amerika|American]]&quot;. &quot;United States&quot;, &quot;American&quot; dan &quot;U.S.&quot; juga digunakan untuk merujuk pada hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan Amerika Serikat. Dalam bahasa Inggris sendiri, istilah &quot;American&quot; jarang digunakan untuk merujuk pada subjek yang tidak terkait dengan Amerika Serikat. Meskipun pada kenyataannya [[Banua Amerika|Amerika]] adalah sebuah benua dan terdapat banyak negara lainnya di benua tersebut, istilah &quot;Amerika&quot; ini secara umum digunakan hanya untuk merujuk pada hal-hal yang terkait dengan Amerika Serikat.&lt;ref&gt;Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). ''The Columbia Guide to Standard American English''. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 27–28. ISBN 0-231-06989-8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Frasa &quot;United States&quot; pada awalnya difungsikan sebagai bentuk jamak untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai kumpulan negara-negara merdeka, misalnya dalam [[Amendemen Ketigabelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]], yang disahkan pada tahun 1865, tertulis: &quot;the United States are...&quot;. Frasa ini kemudian secara umum difungsikan sebagai bentuk tunggal; misalnya, setelah berakhirnya [[Perang Saudara Amerika|Perang Saudara]], dinyatakan: &quot;the United States is...&quot;. Bentuk tunggal ini lalu digunakan sebagai standar sampai sekarang, namun bentuk jamaknya masih tetap dipertahankan dalam idiom &quot;these United States&quot;.&lt;ref name=zimmer&gt;{{cite web |url= http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002663.html |author=Zimmer, Benjamin |date=November 24, 2005 |title=Life in These, Uh, This United States |publisher=University of Pennsylvania—Language Log |accessdate=January 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perbedaan ini dianggap bukanlah sebagai kesalahan penggunaan kata, namun untuk mencerminkan perbedaan antara kumpulan negara-negara bagian (''states'') dan sebuah negara berdaulat (''country'').&lt;ref&gt;G. H. Emerson, The Universalist Quarterly and General Review, Vol. 28 (Jan. 1891), p. 49, quoted in Zimmer paper above.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dalam bahasa non-Inggris, penamaan negara ini sering diterjemahkan dari frasa &quot;United States&quot; maupun dari &quot;United States of America&quot;, dan secara umum juga dikenal dengan &quot;America&quot;. Selain itu, inisial/penyingkatan terkadang juga digunakan. Misalnya, dalam [[bahasa Spanyol]], sebutan umum untuk &quot;United States&quot; adalah &quot;Estados Unidos&quot;, berasal dari kata &quot;states&quot; dan &quot;united&quot;, dan disingkat dengan &quot;EE.UU.&quot;; huruf-huruf ganda menandakan bahwa kata ini digunakan sebagai bentuk jamak di Spanyol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://spanish.madrid.usembassy.gov/es/educacion/benjamin_2013.html |title=US Embassy in Madrid. Official website |access-date=2013-03-03 |archive-date=2013-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113034022/http://spanish.madrid.usembassy.gov/es/educacion/benjamin_2013.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam bahasa Indonesia, nama yang digunakan adalah Amerika Serikat, berasal dari frasa &quot;United States of America&quot;, dengan bentuk singkat AS, dan umumnya juga disebut dengan &quot;Amerika&quot; saja.

=== Kemerdekaan dan perluasan ===
[[Revolusi Amerika]] adalah perang kemerdekaan kolonial pertama yang sukses dalam melawan kekuatan Eropa. Warga Amerika telah mengembangkan sistem pemerintahan daerah yang demokratis dan [[Republikanisme di Amerika Serikat|ideologi &quot;republikanisme&quot;]], menyelenggarakan pemerintahan yang bertumpu pada kehendak rakyat (bukannya raja), menentang korupsi, dan menuntut kebajikan sipil. Mereka menuntut hak-hak mereka sebagai orang Inggris dan menolak upaya Inggris untuk memungut pajak tanpa persetujuan legislatura kolonial. Inggris tetap bersikeras untuk memungut pajak dan konflik meningkat menjadi perang berskala penuh pada tahun 1775, yang dikenal dengan [[Perang Revolusi Amerika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humphrey2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author= Humphrey, Carol Sue|title=The Revolutionary Era: Primary Documents on Events from 1776 To 1800|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=19NWMZ6Ec_sC&amp;pg=PA8|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-0-313-32083-5|pages=8–10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pada tanggal 14 Juni 1775, [[Kongres Kontinental Kedua|Kongres Kontinental]] yang bersidang di [[Philadelphia]] membentuk [[Tentara Kontinental]] yang di komandoi oleh [[George Washington]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Brown, Jerold E.|title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=ygqNt3ra-vYC&amp;pg=PA126|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-0-313-29322-1|page=126}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kongres juga menyatakan bahwa &quot;semua manusia diciptakan sama&quot; dan diberkahi dengan &quot;hak asasi tertentu&quot;. Kongres ini lalu mengesahkan [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat|Deklarasi Kemerdekaan]] yang disusun oleh [[Thomas Jefferson]] pada 4 Juli 1776. Tanggal tersebut selanjutnya diperingati setiap tahunnya sebagai [[Hari Kemerdekaan (Amerika Seikat)|Hari Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat]]. Pada tahun 1777, [[Pasal Konfederasi]] mengatur pembentukan sebuah pemerintahan lemah yang bertahan sampai tahun 1789.&lt;ref name=&quot;YoungNash2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Fabian Young, Alfred|author2=Nash, Gary B.|author3=Raphael, Ray|title=Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=QEzaLJ4u_MEC&amp;pg=PA4|year =2011|publisher=Random House Digital|isbn=978-0-307-27110-5|pages=4–7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{double image|right|Declaration independence.jpg|220|U.S. Territorial Acquisitions.png|210|&lt;center&gt;[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|Declaration of Independence]] karya [[John Trumbull]], 1776. Dengan kehendak rakyat, [[Tiga Belas Koloni]] merdeka dari Kerajaan Inggris.|&lt;center&gt;Akuisisi teritorial Amerika Serikat.&lt;/center&gt;}}

Setelah [[Pengepungan Yorktown|kekalahan Inggris di Yorktown]] oleh pasukan Amerika yang [[Prancis dalam Perang Revolusi Amerika|dibantu oleh Prancis]], Amerika Serikat akhirnya menjadi negara merdeka. Dalam [[Traktat Paris 1783|Traktat Perdamaian 1783]], Inggris mengakui kedaulatan Amerika Serikat atas sebagian besar wilayah di sebelah timur [[Sungai Mississippi]]. Para nasionalis menyerukan mengenai pembentukan pemerintahan federal yang jauh lebih kuat dengan cara memungut pajak, yang menyebabkan lahirnya [[Konvensi Philadelphia|konvensi konstitusional]] pada tahun 1787. Setelah melalui debat panjang, [[Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]] akhirnya disahkan pada 1788 oleh ketigabelas negara bagian. [[Kongres ke-1 Amerika Serikat|Kongres dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat pertama]] dibentuk dan [[George Washington]] ditunjuk sebagai [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|presiden]] pertama{{ndash}}yang mulai menjabat pada 1789. [[Deklarasi Hak-Hak|Bill of Rights]], yang melarang pembatasan kebebasan pribadi dan menjamin berbagai perlindungan hukum, disahkan pada tahun 1791.&lt;ref name=&quot;BoyerJr.2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Boyer, Paul S.|author2=Clark, Cliffoed E. Jr.|author3=Kett, Joseph F.|coauthors=Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=9KT3lI76-0cC&amp;pg=PA192|year=2007|publisher=Cengage Learning|pages=192–193|isbn=9780618801619}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sikap terhadap [[Perbudakan di Amerika Serikat|perbudakan]] juga berubah; semua negara bagian melarang perdagangan budak internasional,&lt;ref&gt;Namun South Carolina kembali melakukannya.&lt;/ref&gt; dan pemerintah federal mengkriminalisasikan kegiatan impor atau ekspor budak pada tahun 1807.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cogliano2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Cogliano, Francis D.|title=Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=1f-wAfE0mpsC&amp;pg=PA219|date=March 15, 2008|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-2733-6|page=219}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seluruh negara bagian Utara menghapuskan perbudakan antara tahun 1780 dan 1804. Sementara itu, dengan tingginya produksi kapas setelah tahun 1820, bangsa kulit putih di Selatan memutuskan bahwa perbudakan adalah hal yang positif bagi semua orang, termasuk para budak.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hall200as2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Hall, Kermit|title=The Oxford Companion to American Law|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=UXodg4rwE1IC&amp;pg=PA26|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508878-6|page=26}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gerakan Kebangunan Rohani di Amerika|Gerakan Kebangunan Rohani Kedua]], yang dimulai pada 1800-an, menyebabkan jutaan orang memeluk agama [[Protestan]]. Di Utara, muncul beberapa gerakan reformasi sosial, termasuk [[abolisionisme]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark2012iu&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Clark, Mary Ann|title=Then We'll Sing a New Song: African Influences on America's Religious Landscape|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=3Tl3vqx-BX0C&amp;pg=PT47|date=May 2012|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-0881-0|page=47}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hasrat Amerika untuk [[Perluasan wilayah Amerika Serikat|memperluas wilayahnya ke arah barat]] memicu berkobarnya serangkaian [[Perang Indian|peperangan dengan bangsa Indian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;BillingtonRidge2001j&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Billington, Ray Allen|author2=Ridge, Martin|title=Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=YoV-k7VcyZ0C&amp;pg=PA22|year=2001|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-1981-4|page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pembelian Louisiana]] dari Prancis oleh Presiden Thomas Jefferson pada 1803 memperluas wilayah Amerika Serikat hampir dua kali lipat dari ukuran sebelumnya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Louisiana Purchase|url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/circa1804/heritage/louisianapurchase/louisianapurchase.htm|work=National Parks Services|accessdate=March 1, 2011|archive-date=November 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129154059/http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/circa1804/heritage/louisianapurchase/louisianapurchase.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Perang 1812]] untuk menyingkirkan pengaruh Inggris semakin memperkuat nasionalisme Amerika Serikat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wait1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Wait, Eugene M.|title=America and the War of 1812|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=puuQ30N0EsIC&amp;pg=PA78|year=1999|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-56072-644-9|page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt; Serangkaian serangan militer AS ke Florida membuat Spanyol [[Traktat Adams–Onís|menyerahkan]] koloni-koloninya di [[Pantai Teluk Amerika Serikat|Pantai Teluk]] kepada Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1819.&lt;ref name=&quot;KloseJones1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1= Klose, Nelson|author2=Jones, Robert F.|title=United States History to 1877|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=r4pXwnFs2HMC&amp;pg=PA150|date=May 13, 1994|publisher=Barron's Educational Series|isbn=978-0-8120-1834-9|page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Andrew Jackson]] menjadi presiden pada 1829 dan memulai serangkaian reformasi yang melahirkan era [[demokrasi Jacksonian]], yang berlangsung dari 1830{{ndash}}1850. Reformasi ini termasuk memperluas hak pilih bagi pria, dan beberapa penyesuaian dalam pelimpahan kekuasaan pada pemerintahan federal. Kebijakannya ini juga memicu terbentuknya [[Sistem Partai Kedua]], yang mengacu pada partai-partai dominan yang sudah ada sejak 1828 sampai 1854.

Kebijakan [[Trail of Tears]] pada 1830-an adalah contoh kebijakan [[penyingkiran Bangsa Indian]] dengan cara membangun reservasi khusus untuk mereka sendiri dengan subsidi tahunan dari pemerintah. Amerika Serikat menganeksasi [[Republik Texas]] pada 1854, di tengah-tengah periode bergulirnya konsep &quot;[[Manifest Destiny]]&quot; (Pembuktian Takdir).&lt;ref name=&quot;Morrison1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Morrison, Michael A.|title=Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=YTaxzMlkVEMC&amp;pg=PA13|date=August 30, 1999|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-4796-1|pages=13–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Traktat Oregon]] pada tahun 1846 antara AS dengan Inggris menyebabkan AS menguasai wilayah yang saat ini menjadi [[Amerika Serikat Barat Laut]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kemp2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kemp, Roger L.|title=Documents of American Democracy: A Collection of Essential Works|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=JHawgM-WnlUC&amp;pg=PA180|date=May 30, 2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4210-2|page=180}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sebagai akibat dari kemenangan AS dalam [[Perang Meksiko-Amerika]], Meksiko [[Penyerehan Meksiko|menyerahkan California]] pada tahun 1848, penyerahan ini termasuk sebagian besar wilayah yang saat ini membentuk [[Amerika Serikat Barat Daya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McIlwraithMuller2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=McIlwraith, Thomas F.|author2=Muller, Edward K.|title=North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=8NS0OTXRlTMC&amp;pg=PA61|year=2001|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-0019-8|page=61}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Demam Emas California]] yang berlangsung pada 1848-1849 semakin memacu migrasi bangsa Barat ke daratan Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith-Baranzini1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Smith-Baranzini, Marlene|title=A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=UPUsIaHZTm0C&amp;pg=PA20|date=June 1, 1999|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-21771-3|page=20}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Transportasi kereta api di Amerika Serikat|Jalur kereta api baru]] dibangun untuk memudahkan relokasi para pendatang. Hal ini semakin meningkatkan konflik dengan penduduk asli Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black2011kj&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Black, Jeremy|title=Fighting for America: The Struggle for Mastery in North America, 1519–1871|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=EIst_CSWOqIC&amp;pg=PA275|date=November 8, 2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-35660-4|page=275}}&lt;/ref&gt; Selama setengah abad, lebih dari 40 juta kerbau atau [[bison Amerika]] dibantai dan diambil kulit dan dagingnya untuk memudahkan pembangunan jalur kereta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wishart2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Wishart, David J.|title=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=rtRFyFO4hpEC&amp;pg=PA37|date=September 1, 2004|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-4787-1|page=37}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berkurangnya jumlah kerbau, yang menjadi makanan utama bagi suku Indian, menjadi pukulan serius bagi keberlangsungan kebudayaan pribumi di dataran Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wishart2004&quot;/&gt;

=== Perbudakan, perang saudara, dan industrialisasi ===
Ketegangan antara budak dan negara bagian merdeka memunculkan argumen mengenai hubungan antara negara bagian dengan pemerintahan federal. Terjadi [[Kansas Berdarah|konflik kekerasan]] terkait dengan penyebaran perbudakan ke negara bagian yang baru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Murray2004kjh&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Stuart Murray|title=Atlas of American Military History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bJ_sy7mmmxQC&amp;pg=PA76|year=2004|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3025-5|page=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abraham Lincoln]], kandidat [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Republik]] yang antiperbudakan, terpilih menjadi presiden pada tahun 1860.&lt;ref name=&quot;McIlwraithMuller2001mju&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Thomas F. McIlwraith|author2=Edward K. Muller|title=North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8NS0OTXRlTMC&amp;pg=PA186|year=2001|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-0019-8|page=186}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sebelum ia menjabat, tujuh negara bagian budak menyatakan memisahkan diri dari Amerika Serikat dan kemudian membentuk [[Konfederasi Amerika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien2002qs&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Patrick Karl O'Brien|title=Atlas of World History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ffZy5tDjaUkC&amp;pg=PA184|date=November 7, 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-521921-0|page=184}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{double image|right|Battle of Gettysburg, by Currier and Ives.png|220|Ellis island 1902.jpg|205|&lt;center&gt;[[Pertempuran Gettysburg]], [[Pennsylvania]]. [[Perang Saudara Amerika|Perang Saudara]] telah memicu berkembangnya industri baja dan pembangunan jalur kereta api antar-negara bagian.|&lt;center&gt;[[Ellis Island]], New York City. Imigran di [[Pantai Timur Amerika Serikat|Pantai Timur]] yang akan dipekerjakan di pabrik-pabrik, industri kereta api, dan pertambangan.&lt;/center&gt;}}

Setelah Konfederasi [[Pertempuran Fort Sumter|menyerang Fort Sumter]], [[Perang Saudara Amerika|Perang Saudara]] pun dimulai dan empat negara bagian budak lainnya juga ikut bergabung dengan Konfederasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien2002qs&quot;/&gt; [[Proklamasi Emansipasi]] yang dikeluarkan oleh Lincoln pada 1863 menyatakan bahwa budak di Negara Konfederasi harus dibebaskan. Setelah kemenangan [[Uni (Perang Saudara Amerika)|Uni]] pada 1865, tiga amendemen terhadap Konstitusi [[Amendemen Ketigabelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|menjamin kebebasan]] bagi hampir empat juta penduduk [[Afrika-Amerika]] yang telah diperbudak,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-02.pdf |title=1860 Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=June 10, 2007}} Page 7 lists a total slave population of 3,953,760.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Amendemen Keempatbelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|menjamin kewarganegaraan mereka]], dan [[Amendemen Kelimabelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|memberi mereka hak pilih]]. Perang Saudara dan resolusinya menyebabkan meningkatnya kekuasaan pemerintah federal.&lt;ref&gt;De Rosa, Marshall L. (1997). ''The Politics of Dissolution: The Quest for a National Identity and the American Civil War''. Edison, NJ: Transaction. p. 266. ISBN 1-56000-349-9.&lt;/ref&gt; Perang ini menjadi konflik mematikan yang pernah terjadi dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat, mengakibatkan kematian lebih dari 620.000 tentara.&lt;ref&gt;Vinovskis, Maris (1990). &quot;''[http://books.google.com/books?id=gySktxKYPGoC&amp;pg=PA6 Toward a social history of the American Civil War: exploratory essays]{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}''&quot;. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-521-39559-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

Setelah perang, [[pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln]] menyebabkan lahirnya kebijakan [[Rekonstruksi Amerika Serikat|Rekonstruksi]] yang bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan dan membangun kembali negara-negara bagian Selatan sembari memastikan hak-hak para budak yang baru dibebaskan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tarr2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=G. Alan Tarr|title=Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Q6Gh5_OQgQC&amp;pg=PA30|date=March 13, 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-56736-3|page=30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, sengketa atas hasil [[Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 1876|pemilu 1876]] mengakhiri kebijakan Rekonstruksi ini.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tarr2009&quot;/&gt;

Di negara bagian Utara, terjadi [[urbanisasi]] dan masuknya [[Imigrasi ke Amerika Serikat|gelombang imigran]] dari Eropa Timur dan Selatan secara besar-besaran yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Hal ini turut mempercepat industrialisasi Amerika Serikat. Gelombang imigrasi, yang [[Undang-Undang Imigrasi 1924|berlangsung sampai 1924]], memasok AS dengan tenaga kerja dan perlahan-lahan mulai mengubah kebudayaan Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Powell2009qwet&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=John Powell|title=Encyclopedia of North American Immigration|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VNCX6UsdZYkC&amp;pg=PA74|date=January 1, 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-1012-7|page=74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pembangunan infrastruktur nasional mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berakhirnya Perang Saudara mendorong munculnya permukiman yang lebih luas dan dikembangkannya [[American Old West]]. Hal ini memicu digalakkannya berbagai pembangunan sosial dan teknologi, termasuk dibangunnya [[Telegraf Transbenua Pertama]] pada tahun 1861 dan Jalur Kereta Transbenua Pertama pada 1869.

[[Pembelian Alaska]] dari [[Rusia]] pada tahun 1867 mengakhiri perluasan daratan Amerika Serikat. [[Pembantaian Wounded Knee]] pada 1890 adalah konflik bersenjata terakhir yang terjadi selama Perang Indian. Pada 1893, [[Hawaii Kuno|monarki pribumi]] [[Kerajaan Hawaii]] di Pasifik digulingkan dalam kudeta yang dipimpin oleh warga Amerika; Amerika Serikat kemudian mencaplok Hawaii pada tahun 1898. Kemenangannya dalam [[Perang Spanyol-Amerika]] pada tahun yang sama semakin menunjukkan statusnya bahwa Amerika Serikat adalah [[kekuatan dunia]]. Pada tahun-tahun selanjutnya, Amerika Serikat juga menduduki [[Puerto Riko]], [[Guam]], dan [[Filipina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Gates, John M. |url=http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html |title=War-Related Deaths in the Philippines |work=Pacific Historical Review |publisher=College of Wooster |date=August 1984 |accessdate=September 27, 2007 |archive-date=2010-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805061319/http://www3.wooster.edu/history/jgates/book-ch3.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Filipina memperoleh kemerdekaan setengah abad kemudian, sedangkan Puerto Riko dan Guam tetap menjadi teritori AS sampai saat ini.

Munculnya para industrialis terkemuka pada akhir abad ke-19 menyebabkan lahirnya [[Era Serikat Buruh]], yaitu periode tingginya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemakmuran. Periode ini selanjutnya mendorong munculnya [[Era Progresif]], yang ditandai dengan terjadinya reformasi besar-besaran dalam bidang sosial, termasuk perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat, dan perhatian terhadap kondisi kehidupan kelas pekerja. Presiden [[Theodore Roosevelt]] merupakan salah satu pendukung utama reformasi progresif ini.

=== Perang Dunia I, Depresi Besar, dan Perang Dunia II ===
Ketika [[Perang Dunia I]] meletus pada tahun 1914, Amerika Serikat memilih untuk tetap [[netralitas (hubungan internasional)|netral]]. Sebagian besar warga Amerika bersimpati pada Inggris dan Prancis, meskipun juga banyak yang menentang intervensi AS.&lt;ref&gt;Foner, Eric; Garraty, John A. (1991). ''The Reader's Companion to American History.'' New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 576. ISBN 0-395-51372-3.&lt;/ref&gt; Pada tahun 1917, Amerika Serikat bergabung dengan [[Sekutu (Perang Dunia II)|Sekutu]], dan [[Pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika]] turut membantu dalam melawan [[Blok Poros]]. Presiden [[Woodrow Wilson]] memainkan peran penting dalam [[Konferensi Perdamaian Paris 1919]] yang membantu membangun kembali dunia pascaperang. Wilson menganjurkan agar AS bergabung dengan [[Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]]. Namun, Senat menolak menyetujui hal ini, dan AS tidak ikut meratifikasi [[Perjanjian Versailles]], awal pembentukan Liga Bangsa-Bangsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated418&quot;&gt;McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005). ''U.S. History Super Review''. Piscataway, NJ: Research &amp; Education Association. p. 418. ISBN 0-7386-0070-9.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{double image|right|Dust Bowl&amp;nbsp;- Dallas, South Dakota 1936.jpg|220|Into the Jaws of Death 23-0455M edit.jpg|205|&lt;center&gt; '[[Dust Bowl]]' menyebabkan terjadinya depresi dalam bidang pertanian, memengaruhi pasar industri dan menimbulkan kelesuan ekonomi. |&lt;center&gt;Keikutsertaan AS dalam PD II menyebabkan berkembangnya industri perang, mendorong migrasi ke kota-kota besar dan meningkatnya skala manufaktur secara besar-besaran.&lt;/center&gt;}}

AS menerapkan kebijakan unilateralisme dan [[Nonintervensionisme Amerika Serikat|isolasionisme]].&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated418&quot;/&gt; Pada tahun 1920, pemberian [[Hak pilih perempuan di Amerika Serikat|hak pilih bagi perempuan]] berhasil lolos dalam [[Amendemen Kesembilanbelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|amendemen konstitusi]]. Era kesejahteraan diakhiri dengan [[Runtuhnya Wall Street 1929|Bencana Wall Street 1929]] yang kemudian memicu munculnya era [[Depresi Besar]].

Setelah terpilih sebagai presiden pada tahun 1932, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] mengeluarkan kebijakan [[New Deal]], yaitu serangkaian kebijakan yang memperluas campur tangan pemerintah dalam perekonomian, termasuk pembentukan sistem [[Jaminan Sosial di Amerika Serikat|Jaminan Sosial]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title= Social Welfare: A History of the American Response to Need|url= https://archive.org/details/socialwelfarehis0000axin_i6r5|first1= June|last1= Axinn|first2= Mark J.|last2=Stern|isbn=978-0-205-52215-6|edition=7th|publisher=Allyn &amp; Bacon|location=Boston|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Dust Bowl]]&quot; yang terjadi pada pertengahan 1930-an melemahkan perekonomian sebagian besar masyarakat petani dan memacu gelombang baru migrasi Barat.

Amerika Serikat pada awalnya memilih untuk bersikap netral dalam [[Perang Dunia II]]. Setelah [[Jerman Nazi]] [[Invasi Polandia (1939)|menginvasi Polandia]] pada 1939, AS mulai memasok senjata kepada pihak Sekutu pada bulan Maret 1941 melalui program [[Lend-Lease]]. Pada tanggal 7 Desember 1941, [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] melancarkan [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|serangan mendadak ke Pearl Harbor]], yang mendorong AS untuk terjun ke dalam kancah peperangan dan bergabung dengan pihak Sekutu dalam melawan [[Blok Poros]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Burton, Jeffrey F., et al. |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce3.htm |title=A Brief History of Japanese American Relocation During World War II |work=Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites |date=July 2000 |accessdate=April 2, 2010 |publisher=National Park Service |archive-date=August 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816201302/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce3.htm |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Keikutsertaan AS dalam perang mendorong terjadinya investasi modal dan berkembangnya industri perang. Di antara negara-negara peserta perang, Amerika Serikat adalah satu-satunya negara yang tidak jatuh miskin{{ndash}}bahkan jadi lebih kaya lagi{{ndash}}setelah perang berakhir.&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, Paul (1989). ''The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers''. New York: Vintage. p. 358. ISBN 0-679-72019-7.&lt;/ref&gt;

Konferensi Sekutu di [[Konferensi Moneter dan Keuangan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Bretton Woods]] dan [[Konferensi Yalta|Yalta]] menghasilkan sebuah kesepakatan mengenai pembentukan sistem organisasi internasional baru yang menempatkan Amerika Serikat dan [[Uni Soviet]] sebagai pusat kekuatan dunia. Setelah [[Hari Kemenangan di Eropa|perayaan kemenangan di Eropa]], sebuah [[Konferensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai Organisasi Internasional|konferensi internasional]] diselenggarakan di [[San Fransisco]] pada tahun 1945. Konferensi ini menghasilkan [[Piagam PBB]], yang kemudian diefektifkan setelah perang usai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612221444/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm |archivedate=2007-06-12 |title=The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941&amp;nbsp;– October 1945 |month=October |year=2005 |accessdate=June 11, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt; Menjelang PD II berakhir, Amerika Serikat mengembangkan [[Proyek Manhattan|senjata nuklir pertama]] dan menggunakannya untuk mengebom kota-kota Jepang [[Fat Man|Nagasaki]] dan [[Little Boy|Hiroshima]] pada bulan Agustus. Perang berakhir pada 2 September 1945 dengan [[menyerahnya Jepang]].&lt;ref&gt;Pacific War Research Society (2006). ''Japan's Longest Day''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 4-7700-2887-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Geografi ==
{{Utama|Geografi Amerika Serikat| Iklim Amerika Serikat}}
[[Berkas:USA-satellite.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Citra satelit Amerika Serikat daratan.]]

Luas wilayah [[daratan utama Amerika Serikat]] adalah {{convert|2959064|sqmi|km2|0}}. [[Alaska]], yang dipisahkan dari daratan utama Amerika Serikat oleh [[Kanada]], adalah negara bagian terluas, dengan luas {{convert|663268|sqmi|km2|0}}. [[Hawaii]] berlokasi di tengah-tengah [[Samudra Pasifik]], di sebelah barat daya Amerika Utara, dengan luas wilayah {{convert|10931|sqmi|km2|0}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Lubowski, Ruben; Vesterby, Marlow; Bucholtz, Shawn |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/chapter1/1.1/ |title=AREI Chapter 1.1: Land Use |publisher=Economic Research Service |date=July 21, 2006 |accessdate=March 9, 2009 |archive-date=2006-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060808222823/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/chapter1/1.1/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amerika Serikat adalah [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara terluas ketiga atau keempat di dunia]] (menurut luas daratan dan perairan), di bawah [[Rusia]] dan Kanada serta satu tingkat di atas atau di bawah [[RRC]]. Pemeringkatan tersebut bervariasi, tergantung pada apakah wilayah-wilayah yang dipersengkatan oleh RRC dan India turut dihitung dan bagaimana pengukuran luas total dari Amerika Serikat sendiri: kisaran perhitungan mulai dari {{convert|3676486|sqmi|km2|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/616563/United-States |title= United States |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=March 25, 2008 (area given in square miles)}}&lt;/ref&gt; hingga {{convert|3717813|sqmi|km2|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2005/Table03.pdf |title=Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density |publisher=UN Statistics Division |work= Demographic Yearbook 2005 |accessdate=March 25, 2008 (area given in square kilometers)}}&lt;/ref&gt; dan {{convert|3794101|sqmi|km2|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;WF&quot;/&gt; Jika yang dihitung hanya luas daratan saja, maka AS menempati peringkat ketiga, di bawah Rusia dan RRC serta di atas Kanada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://web.archive.org/web/20080208233209rn_1/education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/countrycompare/area/3d.html |title=World Factbook: Area Country Comparison Table |publisher=Yahoo Education |accessdate=February 28, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Catatan ==
{{Notelist}}

== Caliak juo ==
*[[Daftar nagara badaulaik]]

==Rujuakan==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commonscat|United States}}
=== Situs resmi pemerintah ===
* {{en}} [http://www.firstgov.gov Situs resmi]
* {{en}} [http://www.whitehouse.gov Gedung Putih]
* {{en}} [http://www.senate.gov Senate.gov]
* {{en}} [http://www.house.gov House.gov]
* {{en}} [http://www.supremecourtus.gov Supremecourtus.gov]
* {{en}} [http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/factover/homepage.htm Usinfo.state.gov]
* {{en}} [http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ Badan statistik Amerika]

=== Lain-lain ===
{{wikivoyage|United States of America}}
* {{en}} [http://www.mediatico.com Koran AS berdasarkan negara bagian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411203545/http://www.mediatico.com/ |date=2018-04-11 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.religioustolerance.org/nat_mott.htm Motto nasional] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20061212193931/http://www.religioustolerance.org/nat_mott.htm |date=2006-12-12 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.nationalcenter.org/HistoricalDocuments.html Dokumen-dokumen bersejarah]

{{Amerika Sarikat}}
{{Amerika Utaro}}

[[Kategori:Nagara di Amerika Utara]]
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    <title>Ernest Hemingway</title>
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      <text bytes="60186" sha1="o6tlyflnwm0l3ut3itnkqslrge2bxtl" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|American author and journalist (1899–1961)}}
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{{Infobox writer
| image            = ErnestHemingway.jpg
| caption          = Hemingway pada tahun 1939
| alt              = Pria berambut gelap dengan kemeja lengan pendek berwarna terang sedang mengetik di meja yang di atasnya terdapat buku terbuka
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1899|7|21}}
| birth_place      = [[Oak Park, Illinois]], AS
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1961|7|2|1899|7|21}}
| death_place      = [[Ketchum, Idaho]], AS
| spouses          = {{ubl|[[Hadley Richardson]]|[[Pauline Pfeiffer]]|[[Martha Gellhorn]]|[[Mary Welsh Hemingway|Mary Welsh]]}}
| children         = {{flatlist|
* [[Jack Hemingway|Jack]]
* [[Patrick Hemingway|Patrick]]
* [[Gloria Hemingway|Gloria]]
}}
| awards           = {{ubl|[[Penghargaan Pulitzer untuk Fiksi]] (1953)|[[Hadiah Nobel dalam Sastra]] (1954)}}
| signature        = Ernest Hemingway Signature.svg
}}

'''Ernest Miller Hemingway''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|m|ɪ|ŋ|w|eɪ}}; 21 Juli 1899&amp;nbsp;– 2 Juli 1961) marupoan novelis, [[penulis cerita pendek|penulis carito pendek,]] dan jurnalis Amerika. Dikenal karano gaya ekonomis dan bersahaja nan mamangaruhi panulih-panulih di akhir abad ka-20, Hemingway diromantisasi karano gaya hiduik patualangannyo dan citra publiknyo nan blak-blakan sarato suko bataruih-tarang. Babarapo dari tujuah novelnyo, anam kumpulan carito pendek jo duo karya non-fiksi alah manjadi karya klasik [[sastra Amerika]], dan inyo dianugerahi [[Hadiah Nobel Sastra 1954]].

Hemingway digadangan di [[Oak Park, Illinois]], pinggia kota [[Chicago]]. Satamaik SMA, inyo maabihan anam bulan subagai reporter untuak ''[[The Kansas City Star]]'' sabalun mandaftar di [[Palang Merah Amerika|Palang Merah]]. Inyo batugas subagai pangamudi ambulans di [[Front Italia (Perang Dunia I)|Front Italia]] dalam [[Perang Dunia I]] dan taluko parah akibaik pacahan paluru pado taun 1918. Pado taun 1921, Hemingway pindah ka Paris, di mano inyo bakarajo subagai [[koresponden asing]] untuak ''[[Toronto Star]]'' dan dipangaruhi dek para panulih dan seniman [[modernis]] dari komunitas ekspatriat &quot;[[Lost Generation]]&quot;. Novel debutnyo, ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]'', ditabikan pado taun 1926. Pada tauun 1928, Hemingway babaliak ka AS, di mano inyo tingga di [[Key West|Key West, Florida]]. Pangalamannyo salamo parang manjadi bahan untuak novelnyo taun 1929 ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]''.

Pado taun 1937, Hemingway pai ka Spanyol untuak maliput [[Perang Saudara Spanyol]], nan manjadi dasar novelnyo taun 1940 ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'', ditulih di [[Havana|Havana, Kuba]]. Salamo [[Perang Dunia II]], Hemingway hadir basamo pasukan Sekutu subagai jurnalis di [[pendaratan Normandia]] dan [[pembebasan Paris]]. Pado taun 1952, novelnyo ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' ditabikan jo pujian nan lumayan gadang, dan mamanangan [[Penghargaan Pulitzer untuk Fiksi|Penghargaan Pulitzer untuak Fiksi]]. Dalam perjalanan manuju Afrika pado taun 1954, Hemingway maalami luko serius dalam duo kecelakaan kapa tabang baturuik-turuik, nan manyababkan Hemingway kasakikan sahinggo kesehatannyo mamburuak salamonyo. Akhianyo Hemingway akhianyo labiah banyak maabihan wakatu di rumah sajo.

== Awal Hiduik jo Pangalaman Manulih ==
[[Berkas:ErnestHemingwayBabyPicture.gif|jmpl|kiri|Foto bayi, sekitar 1900]]
Ernest Hemingway lahia pado [[21 Juli]] [[1899]] di [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]], [[Illinois]], suburban dari [[Chicago]]. Hemingway marupoan anak laki-laki partamo dan anak kaduo dari anam anak nan dilahiaan dalam keluarga Clarence Edmonds (&quot;Doctor Ed&quot;) jo [[Grace Hall Hemingway]]. Apak Hemingway, nan marupoan dokter, manyaksikan kalahiaan Ernest dan kamudian maambuih sabuah sarunai di teras mukonyo guno maumuman ka tetangga maso bininyo alah malahiaan anak laki-laki. Keluarga Hemingway tingga di sabuah rumah bagaya Victoria jo anam kamar lalok, nan dibangun dek nenek Ernest dari pihak amaknyo nan alah manjando, Ernest Hall, imigran dari [[Inggris|Inggrih]] dan veteran Parang Saudara nan tingga basamo keluarga itu. Namo Hemingway diagiah maikuiki namo nenknyo.

Amak Hemingway punyo bakaik manyanyi dan pernah bacito-cito untuak manjadi panyanyi opera. Inyo pun pernah hiduik subagai guru nyanyi dan musik. Amak Hemingway ko marupoan urang nan dominan, saleh, dan mampunyoi pikiran nan sampik. Hal iko jaleh mancaminkan etika dari [[Protestan]] nan ketat di Oak Park, nan kelak digambaran Hemingway mampunyoi &quot;halaman nan laweh sarato pikiran nan sampik.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Dari [http://www.lostgeneration.com/childhood.htm Childhood] di ''The Hemingway Resource Center''.&lt;/ref&gt; Amaknyo nio malahiaan anak kamba dan wakatu hal itu indak tajadi, inyo mulai mandandani Hemingway ketek sarato sanak padusinyo nan banamo Marcelline (18 bulan labiah gaek) jo pakaian nan samo sarato gaya rambuik nan samo pulo. Inyo pun mambuek saolaj kaduo anak tasabuik marupoan anak kamba. Grace Hemingway labiah suko mambuek anaknyo nampak feminim. Alhasil wakatu maso remajanyo dipangia &quot;Ernestine.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Tiga sumber berbeda pendapat tentang berapa lama kebiasaan ibunya ini berlangsung. Sebuah catatan dari [http://www.pbs.org/hemingwayadventure/michigan.html sebuah rangkaian kuliah PBS] mengatakan bahwa hal ini berlangsung dua tahun; [http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Profiles/People_Profile/0,2540,15,00.html Grauer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406003019/http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Profiles/People_Profile/0,2540,15,00.html|date=2008-04-06}} mengklaim ia menghentikan hal ini ketika Ernest berusia 6 tahun; [http://www.harpercollins.com.au/drstephenjuan/0208news.htm Analisis Juan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621172505/http://harpercollins.com.au/drstephenjuan/0208news.htm|date=2006-06-21}} menyebutkan bahwa perlakuannya berlanjut &quot;bahkan hingga Ernest remaja;&quot; ia juga mengklaim bahwa kadang kala ia akan berusaha menyamakan Ernest dengan kakak perempuannya [[Marcelline Hemingway|Marcelline]].&lt;/ref&gt; (Meskipun hal iko banyak dipamasalahan dek panulih biografi—khususnyo Kenneth S. Lynn—harus cataik maso anak-anak laki-laki dari kelas manangah keluarga Victorian acok dipabuek mode ko.)

Samantaro amaknyo baharok maso anaknyo akan mangambangan minaik di dalam dunia musik, Hemingway malah mawarisi minaik apaknyo nan aktif dalam kagiatan di lua rumah. Mode baburu jo mamanciang di hutan-hutan dan danau-danau di daerah [[Michigan]] utara. Keluarga tasabuik mampunyoi rumah nan dinamoi Windemere di [[Danau Walloon]], Michigan dan acok bana maabihan maso-maso liburan musim paneh di sinan. Pangalaman-pangalaman awal dalam hubuangan arek jo [[alam]] ko lah nan kamudian hari mananamkan kacintaan Hemingway nan mandalam dan balangsuang saumua hiduik tahadok patualangan di lua rumah sarato kahidupan di tampek-tampek di dunia nan pado umumnyo dianggap tapancia atau terisolasi.

Hemingway baraja di SMA Oak Park dan River Forest. Di sinan nyo berhasil baiak dalam bidang akademis maupun atletik. Hemingway [[tinju|batinju]] sarato bamain [[rugby]]. Inyo pun manunjuakan bakaik nan sabana rancak di dalam mato palajaran [[sastra Inggris|sastra Inggrih]]. Pangalaman manulihnyo nan partamo adolah ''Trapeze'' dan ''Tabula'', surek kaba dan majalah sastra sikola.

Satamaik SMA, Hemingway indak malanjuikan ka sikola tinggi, Sabaliaknyo, wakatu nyo lah baumua 17 taun, inyo mamulai karir panulih subagai saurang [[reporter]] mudo untuak ''[[The Kansas City Star]]'' (1917). Meskipun inyo bakarajo di koran tu hanyo salamo anam bulan, tapi sapanjang hiduiknyo inyo mamakai padoman dari [[gaya penulisan]] ''Star''' subagai dasar untuak gaya manulihnyo: &quot;Gunoan kalimaik-kalimaik nan pendek. Gunoan alinea partamo nan singkek. Gunoan bahaso Inggrih nan hiduik. Tunjuakan sikap nan positif, jan nan negatif.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Sebuah daftar yang panjang tentang anekdot seperti itu dikumpulkan dalam [http://www.kcstar.com/hemingway/ halaman peringatan seratus tahun ''Kansas City Star''].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Parang Dunia I ==
[[Berkas:Hemingway on WWI.gif|jmpl|200px|Hemingway muda dalam seragam Perang Dunia I]]
Hemingway maninggaan karajonyo subagai reporter salang barbarapo bulan. Kamudian inyo bausaho untuak bagabuang jo [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]] untuak menyaksikan aksi dalam [[Perang Dunia I]] padahal iko indak sasuai bana jo kandak apaknyo. Konon Heningway gagal dalam ujian kesehatan dek matonyo nan kurang sehat, tapi indak ado catatan labiah lanjuik tantang iko. Karano itu inyo bagabuang jo Korps Ambulans [[Palang Merah]] barangkek ka [[Italia]]. Dalam perjalanan ka front Italia, inyo baranti di [[Paris]] nan wakatu tu acok dibom dek artileri [[Jerman]]. Bukannyo tingga di tampek nan relatif aman di Hotel Florida, Hemingway malah sumakin bausaho untuak mancapai arena tampua sadakek mungkin.

Satibonyo di front Italita, inyo mancaliak sabrutal apo parang nan tajadi; hari partamo batugas, ado pabrik [[amunisi]] di dakek [[Milano]] maalami ladakan. Hemingway harus mamunguik potongan-potongan badan urang, umumnyo padusi nan bakarajo di pabrik itu. Perjumpaan nan partamo dan sangaik kejam ko mambueknyo sampai manggaretek. Para serdadu nan nyo sobokan kelak indak manolongnyo samo sakali untuak mangurangi raso ngerinyo. Misalnyo, salah saurang di antaronyo, [[Eric Dorman-Smith]], mangutip baginyo sabaris ungkapan dari [[Henry IV, bagian 2|Bagian Dua dari ''Henry IV'' karya Shakespeare]]: &lt;!--&quot;By my troth,--&gt; den indak peduli, mati hanyo sakali; kito bautang maut kapado Tuhan ... dan bialah hal itu tajadi sasuai kandaknyo; urang nan mati taun ko bararti bebas pado taun barikuiknyo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Burgess, 1978, hlm. 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
(Hemingway surang acok pulo mangutip ungkapan dari [[Shakespeare]] nan samo ko di dalam carito-carito pendek [[Afrika]]nya nan tanamo). Dalam kesampekan lain, ado serdadu baumua 50 taun nan ka inyo lah Hemingway bakato, &quot;Anda ''troppo vecchio'' untuak parang ko, Pak,&quot; manajwek, &quot;Awak bisa mati mode sia se.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt; (&quot;troppo vecchio&quot; bararti &quot;talampau gaek&quot; dalam konteks ko).

Di front Italia pado [[8 Juli]] [[1918]], Hemingway taluko wakatu sadang mangirim pasokan untuak tentara sampai karirnyo subagai pembaok otoambulan pun harus baranti sampai di sinan. Rician nan tapek tantang serangan ko sampek diribuikan, tapi Hemingway pasti kanai pacahan [[mortir]] [[perang parit|parit]] Austria nan maninggaan potongan-potongannyo di kaduo kakinyo dan dek rentetan tembakan sanapan masin. Dek karano itu pulo Hemingway dianugerahi [[Medali Perak]] (''medaglia d'argento'') dari [[pemerintah]]. Samantaro taluko, inyo mambaok saurang serdadu Italia nan taluko parah lo manuju ka tampek nan labiah aman.

Sasudah iko, Hemingway dirawat di rumah sakik Milano nan dikelola dek [[Palang Merah Amerika]]. Di rumah sakik tu indak banyak nan dapek dipabueknyo subagai hiburan. Hemingway malah acok minum-minum dan mambaco surek kaba untuak maabihan wakatu. Dari sinan pulo nyo batamu jo Suster [[Agnes von Kurowsky]] dari Washington, D.C., salah saurang dari 18 perawat nan masiang-masiangnyo marawat ampek pasien. Hemingway pun kanai ati ka Suster Agnes nan umuanyo anam taun labiah gaek daripado Hemingway. Sanannyo hubungan Hemingway jo Suster tu indak bisa lanjuik. Sabaliaknyo ka AS, Suster Agnes pun kanai ati jo laki-laki lain dan kamudian mamutuihan untuak manikah. Kajadian ko mambaok ilham dan mainspirasi Hemingway untuak kamudian menulihnyo manjadi carito fiksi di dalam novel partamonyo nan bajudul ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]''.

== Kagiatan Manulih Sasudah Parang Dunia I ==
=== Novel-novel partamo dan karya-karya awal lainnyo ===

[[Berkas:Apt1239-2 002.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Apartemen Ernest Hemingway pada 1921 di Chicago, 1239 North Dearborn.]]
Sasudah Parang Dunia, Hemingway babaliak ka Oak Park. Maraso diusia dari Amerika Serikat sabagian karano [[larangan minuman keras|larangan minuman kareh]], pado 1920 inyo dapek karajo  di [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] pado ''[[Toronto Star]]''. Inyo bakarajo subagai panulih lapeh, panulih staf, dan [[koresponden]] asiang. Di Toronto ko lah Hemingway bakonco jo rakan wartawan ''Star'' [[Morley Callaghan]]. Callaghan alah mulai mangarang carito-carito pendek pado maso ko dan mancaliakannyo kapado Hemingway dan Hemingway pun mamujinyo subagai karya nan indah. Callaghan dan Hemingway belakangan basatu baliak di Paris.

Ernest tingga dakek jo bagian utara Chicago (1920 hingga 1921), bakarajo untuak sabuah surek kaba ketek pado 1921, Hemingway manikah jo bini partamonya, [[Hadley Richardson]]. Bulan September, inyo pindah ka apartemen lantai ampek nan sampik di 1239 North Dearborn dakek bagian utara Chicago nan kumuah. Gedung ko masih tagak kini sarato plakat di bagian mukonyo nan babunyi &quot;Apartemen Hemingway.&quot; Hadley maraso apartemen tu kalam dan mambuek rasah. Subagian karano alasan ko pulo akhianyo pasangan laki-bini ko mamutuihan untuak tingga di lua nagari untuak samentaro wakatu. Pado Desember 1921 Hemingway maninggaan Chicago dan Oak Park untuak salamo-lamonyo.

Ateh nasihat [[Sherwood Anderson]], inyo baduo pun mamiliah untuak tingga di Paris, dan di sinan Hemingway maliput[[Perang Yunani-Turki|Parang Yunani-Turki]] untuak ''Star''. Satalah Hemingway babaliak ka Paris, Anderson maagiahan surek perkenalan kapado Hemingway untuak [[Gertrude Stein]]. Stein manjadi mentornyo dan manganalannyo kapado &quot;Gerakan Modern Paris&quot; nan wakatu itu tajadi di [[Wilayah Montparnasse]]; ikolah awal mulo lingkaran ekspatriat Amerika nan belakangan dikenal subagai [[Generasi yang Hilang|Generasi nan Hilang]], sabuah istilah nan diciptakan dek Stein. Mentor Hemingway lainnyo nan bapangaruh adolah [[Ezra Pound]],&lt;ref&gt;Pada [[10 Agustus]] [[1943]], Hemingway mengetik '''[[Ernest Hemingway/Surat|sepucuk surat kepada Archibald MacLeish]]''' yang isinya membahas kesehatan mental Pound dan masalah-masalah sastra lainnya.&lt;/ref&gt; nan mandirikan [[imagism]]. Hemingway balakangan manganang kalompok ko dan bakato, &quot;Satangah wakatu Ezra batua, dan kok inyo salah, inyo salah sakali sajo sahinggo kito indak ka ragu saketek pun tantang hal itu. Gertrude selalu batua.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Dalam suatu percakapan dengan [[John Peale Bishop]], yang dikutip dalam Hemingway, Cowley, ed, 1944, hlm. xiii.&lt;/ref&gt; Kelompok ko acok mangunjuangi toko buku [[Sylvia Beach]], Shakespeare &amp; Co., di 12 ''Rue de l'Odéon''. Satalah panabikan taun 1922 dan dilarangnyo karya kawan-kawannyo nan dari Amerika [[James Joyce]], ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]'', Hemingway mamakai konco-konconyo nan tingga di Toronto untuak mambaok novel-novel tu ka Amerika Serikat sacaro diam-diam. Buku partamo Hemingway surang, nan bajudul ''Three Stories and Ten Poems'' (1923), ditabikan di Paris dek [[Robert McAlmon]]. Pado taun nan samo, katiko inyo babaliak sabanta ka Toronto, anak laki-laki partamo Hemingway pun lahia. Hemingway maminta Gertrude Stein untuak manjadi [[ibu serani]] John. Dek karano sibuk mangasuah kaluarga, Hemingway manjadi bosan jo ''Toronto Star'' dan mamiliah untuak baranti pado tanggal [[1 Januari]] [[1924]].

Debut sastra Hemingway di Amerika dimulai jo panabikan kumpulan carito pendeknyo ''[[In Our Time (kumpulan cerpen)|In Our Time]]'' (1925). Sketsa nan kini manjadi antar-bab dari versi Amerikanyo mulonyo ditabikan di Eropa subagai ''In Our Time'' (1924). Karya iko penting dek Hemingway karano mengukuhkan kembali kapadonyo baso gaya minimalisnyo dapek ditarimo dek komunitas sastra. &quot;[[Big Two-Hearted River]]&quot; adolah carito tabaiak dari kumpulan ko.

Pado April 1925, duo minggu satalah ditabikannyo ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', Hemingway basobok jo [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] di [[Dingo Bar]]. Fitzgerald dan Hemingway mulonyo bakonco arek, acok minum dan maota basamo. Mereka acok batuka naskah dan Fitzgerald banyak manolong perkembangan karier Hemingway sarato panabikan kumpulan carito-caritonyo nan partamo, meskipun pado akhianyo hubungan mereka mulai mandingin dan manjadi labiah kompetitif. Namun istri Fitzgerald, [[Zelda Fitzgerald|Zelda]], sajak awal indak suko pado Hemingway. Inyo tarang-tarangan manyabuik Hemingway subagai urang nan “panuah kepura-puraan” dan “palsu” sarato manyatoan baso kepribadiannyo nan jantan itu hanyo kedok sajo. Inyo pun maraso sangaik yakin – hinggo sampai di tingkek nan indak rational. Inyo manyabuik baso Hemingway homoseksual dan manuduah lakinyo manjalin hubuangan nan indak lazim jo Hemingway.

Apo iyo nan disabuik dek Zelda tasabuik batua? Indak ado Nan tau. Ado sumber-sumber nan manyabuikan baso homofobis Hemingway tacataik sacaro jaleh dan bahkan serangan-serangannyo banyak diajukan kapado urang nan terang-terangan homoseksual, mode Jean Cocteau. Tapi ado pulo nan manyabuikan baso itu hanyo caronyo untuak manutuikan homoseksualitasnyo surang. Dalam Salah satu anekdot nan dikisahkan dek Hemingway pun mambuek Cocteau berang dan manuduah Radiguet (nan dikenal di kalangan sastra Paris subagai &quot;Monsieur Bébé&quot;) punyo hubuangan galok jo model: &quot;Bébé est vicieuse. Il aime les femmes.&quot; (&quot;Baby tak bermoral. Ia suka perempuan.&quot; [Perhatikan adjektiva feminin nan digunakan di sini]). Radiguet, demikian menurut Hemingway, mamakai seksualitas untuak mamajuan kariernya, karano subagai panulih &quot;nan tahu baa mamajuan kariernya bukan hanyo jo pena tapi jo pensil,&quot; sabuah Referensi nan sensasional kapado penis.&lt;ref&gt;Thurston, Michael: &quot;Genre, Gender, dan Truth in Death in the Afternoon,&quot; ''The Hemingway Review,'' Spring 1998&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Hemingway, ''Death in the Afternoon,'' hlm.71&lt;/ref&gt; Kemarahan nan jaleh tahadok Cocteau dan Radiguet (nan hubuangannyo sangaik diperdebatkan dalam sumber-sumber lainnyo) mancaliakan kabancian nan inheren tahadok kaum homoseksual nan marupoan tema sentral dari banyak carito pendeknyo, tamasuak &quot;The Sea Change&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Moddelmog, Debra A. &quot;Reconstructing Hemingway's Identity: Sexual Politics, the Author, and the Multicultural Classroom.&quot; Narrative. 1.3 (1993) 187-206.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Bederman, Gail. &quot;Civilization, The Decline of Middle-Class Manliness, dan Ida B. Wells's Anti-Lynching Campaign (1892-94).&quot; Gender and American History Since 1890. New York: Routledge, 1993&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Bennett, Warren. &quot;Sexual Identity in `The Sea Change.'&quot; Hemingway's Neglected Short Fiction: New Perspectives. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research P, 1989.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Brian, Denis. The True Gen: An Intimate Portrait of Hemingway by Those Who Knew Him. New York: Grove Press, 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Chauncey, George Jr. &quot;Christian Brotherhood or Sexual Perversion?: Homosexual Identities dan the Construction of Sexual Boundaries in the World War I Era.&quot; Gender and American History Since 1890. New York: Routledge, 1993&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Fone, Byrne R. S. A Road to Stonewall: Male Homosexuality dan Homophobia in English dan American Literature, 1750-1969. New York: Twayne, 1995 The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. &quot;Literature Awards&quot;. 2/99 http://www.ehfop.org/life {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720084331/http://www.ehfop.org/life/ |date=2005-07-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Donnell, Sean M. &quot;Hemingway's Short Fiction and the Crisis of Middle-Class Masculinity&quot;. 2002.).&lt;/ref&gt;

Hubuangan ko dan malam-malam panjang sambia minum-minum mambaokam ilham bagi novel partamo Hemingway nan sukses''[[The Sun Also Rises]]'' (1926). Inyo hanyo butuah anam minggu untuak manyalasaian di restoran favoritnyo di Montparnasse, ''La Closerie des Lilas''. Novel ko, nan isinyo satengah-biografis karano maikuti sakalompok ekspatrian Amerika di Eropa, sukses dan dipuji dek kritikus. Samantaro Hemingway mulonyo mangklaim baso novel marupoan bantusk kuno sastra, inyo tampaknyo diilhami untuak manulih novel satalah membaco naskah Fitzgerald untuak ''[[The Great Gatsby]]''.

Hemingway bacarai jo Hadley Richardson dan manikahi [[Pauline Pfeiffer]], seorang [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik]] nan saleh dari [[Piggott, Arkansas]], pado 1927. Hemingway surang pado saat itu baraliah manjadi Katolik. Taun itu bukunyo ''[[Men Without Women]]'', sabuah kumpulan [[cerita pendek|carito pendek]] ditabikan. Isinyo mamuek &quot;[[The Killers (Hemingway)|The Killers]]&quot;, salah satu carito Hemingway nan paliang tanamo dan paliang acok dimuek dalam antologi.

[[Berkas:LaCloseriedesLilas.jpg|kiri|275px|jmpl|''La Closerie des Lilas,'' tampak di sini pada 1909, adalah restoran favorit Hemingway di distrik Montparnasse, Paris. Di sinilah ia manulih ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]''.]]

Pado 1928, ayah Hemingway, Clarence, nan mengidap [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] dan dilando masalah-masalah keuangan pun bunuah diri mamakai [[pistol]] tuo dari maso [[Perang Saudara Amerika|Perang Saudara]]. Tindakannyo ko sangaik malukoi Hemingway. Inyo pun langsuang barangkek ka Oak Park untuak mauruih pamakaman dan manimbulkan kehebohan karano inyo maungkapan suatu gagasan Katolik baso urang nan bunuah diri akan masuak ka [[neraka|narako]]. Pado wakatu nan hampia basamoan, [[Harry Crosby]], pendiri [[Black Sun Press]] dan sahabat Hemingway dari maso inyo tingga di Paris, pun turuik mambunuah dirinyo surang. Pado taun nan samo itu, anak laki-laki Hemingway, Patrick, lahia di Kansas City (anak laki-laki nan ketiga, Gregory, dilahakan babarapo taun kamudian). Anak itu lahia jo [[bedah Caesar]] satalah ibunyo jo susah payah bausaho malahiaannyo. Rincian kajadiannyo dimasuakkan dek Hemingway ka dalam bagian panutuik dari novelnyo nan batajuak ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]''.

''A Farewell to Arms'' nan ditabikan pado 1929, manggambaran sacaro detail kisah cinto antaro [[Frederic Henry]], seorang tentara Amerika, jo Catherine Barkley, seorang [[perawat]] Inggrih. Novel ko sangaik basifaik otobiorafisnyo Hemingway surang. Plotnyo sacaro langsuang diilhami dek pangalamannyo jo Suster von Kurowsky di Milano; kasakikan nan hebat di saat malahiaan anaknyo Patrick dek bini kaduonyo, Pauline, mailhami proses malahiaan Catherine dalam novel tasabuik; [[Kathleen Eaton Cannell|Kitty Cannell]] dalam kahidupan nyatonyo mailhami tokoh fiksinyo, Helen Ferguson; sang pastor dalam novel ko didasarkan pado Don Giuseppe Bianchi, pastor dari Residem ka-69 dan kea-70 dari Brigata Ancona. Samantaro ilham untuak tokoh Rinaldi indak jaleh, nan manarik adolah baso inyo alah muncha pulo dalam ''In Our Time''. ''A Farewell to Arms'' ditabikan pado saaik buku-buku tantang Parang Dunia I lainnyo banyak baredar, ''[[Her Privates We]]'' dek [[Frederic Manning]], ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' dek [[Erich Maria Remarque]], ''[[Death of a Hero]]'' dek [[Richard Aldington]], and ''[[Goodbye to All That]]'' dek [[Robert Graves]]. Sukses ''A Farewell to Arms'' mambuek Hemingway mandiri sacaro finansial.

=== ''The (First) Forty Nine Stories'' ===
Babarapo dari carito pendek Hemingway nan paliang tanamo inyo tulih pado periode satalah parang; pado 1938—basamo-samo jo satu-satunyo drama panjangnyo, nan bajudul ''The Fifth Column''—49 carito-carito tasabuik ditabikan dalam kumpulan ''[[The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories]]''. Makasuik Hemingway adolah mode nan diungkapkannyo dalam kayo panganta kumpulannyo, manulih labiah banyak lai. Banyak dari carito-carito nan dimasuakkannyo dalam kumpulannyo ko dapek dicaliak dalam kumpulan lain nan labiah disederhanakan, tamasuak ''[[In Our Time (kumpulan cerpen)|In Our Time]],'' ''[[Men Without Women]],'' ''[[Winner Take Nothing]],'' dan ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]''.

Subagian dari carito-caritonyo nan pantiang dalam kumpulan ko tamasuak: ''Old Man at the Bridge'', ''On The Quai at Smyrna'', ''[[Hills Like White Elephants]]'', ''One Reader Writes'', ''The Killers'' dan (barangkali nan paliang tanamo) ''[[A Clean, Well-Lighted Place]]''. Samantaro carito-carito ko agak pendek, buku ko pun mamuek carito-carito nan labiah panjang. Di antaronyo nan paliang tanamo adolah ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'' dan ''[[The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber]]''.

Hanya ciek kumpulan carito lainnyo karya Hemingway nan tabik pado maso hiduiknyo, ''[[Four Stories Of The Spanish Civil War]]''; &quot;The Denunciation&quot; nan mamuek carito nan paliang pantiang. ''[[The Nick Adams Stories]]'' tabik sacaro anumerta pado 1972. Apo nan kini dianggap kumpulan definitif dari sadoalah carito pendek Hemingway ditabikan jo tajuak ''[[The Complete Short Stories Of Ernest Hemingway]],'' nan partamo kali dikumpuaan dan ditabikan pado 1987.

== Early Critical Interplay ==
Karya-karya awal Hemingway laku tajua dan umumnyo meadapekkan pujian dari para kritikus. Sukses iko pun mambangkikan parangai kasa dan sombong dari Hemingway, bahkan dalam taun-taun pambantuakan kariernyo. Misalnyo, inyo mulai maajari [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] baa caro manulih; inyo turuik mangklaim baso novelis Inggrih [[Ford Madox Ford]] itu lamah syahwat. Hemingway pado gilirannyo pun mandapekkan banyak kritik. Jurnal ''[[Bookman]]'' manyarangnyo subagai seorang panulih &quot;kumuah&quot;. Manuruik Fitzgerald, McAlmon, panabik bukunyo nan partamo nan non-komersial, mancap Hemingway &quot;seorang ''fag'' dan pemukul istri&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Burgess, 1978, hlm. 57.&lt;/ref&gt; dan mangklaim baso Pauline seorang [[lesbian]] (inyo konon mampunyoi hubuangan lesbian satalah pacaraiannyo). Gertrude Stein mangkritiknyo dalam bukunyo ''[[The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas]]'', dan mangatoan baso inyo maambiak gaya prosanyo dari dirinyo dan dari [[Sherwood Anderson]].&lt;ref&gt;Ibid.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Max Eastman]] mangecam kareh Hemingway. Inyo mamintanyo untuak &quot;kalua dari baliak bulu dado palsu itu &quot; (tuduahan-tuduahan ko mambuek konfrontasi fisik antaro kaduonyo). Eastman balakanban manulih sabuah esai nan bajudul ''[[Bull in the Afternoon]]'', sabuah [[satire]] tantang karya Hemingway ''[[Death in the Afternoon]]''. Sisi lain dari kritik Eastman terdiri dari saran baso Hemingway harusnyo maninggaa  gaya hiduiknyo nan kesepian, stoisismenyo nan mambungkam, dan manulih tantang masalah-masalah sosial pado masa kini. Hemingway malakuan hal itu saindak-indaknyo untuak samantaro wakatu, dalam artikelnyo ''[[Who Murdered the Vets?]]'' untuak ''[[New Masses]]'', sabuah majalah kiri, dan ''[[To Have dan Have Not]]'' manampilan kesadaran sosial nan maningkek.

Tantang kritik-kritiknyo, Hemingway bakato, &quot;Kito dapek manulih kapan sajo bilo urang maninggaan Kito surang can indak manggaduah. Atau kito dapek manulih bilo kito cukuik kajam soal hal iko. Namun, jaleh tulisan nan paliang ancak adolah wakatu kito sadang jatuah cinto,&quot; dalam sabuah wawancara dalam The Paris Review, jo pandirinyo, George Plimpton, pado 1958.

== Key West dan Parang Saudara Spanyol ==
[[Berkas:ErnestHemingway.jpg|jmpl|ka|Hemingway sedang manulih ketika tingga di Key West]]
Maikuti nasihaik [[John Dos Passos]], Hemingway pindah ka [[Key West, Florida]] dan di sinan inyo mandirian rumah partamonyo di Amerika. Dari rumah batunyo nan lamo—sabuah hadiah pernikahan dari paman Pauline—Hemingway [[menangkap ikan|mamanciang]] di perairan [[Dry Tortugas]] jo kawan lamonyo [[Waldo Peirce]], pai ka bar tanamo [[Sloppy Joe's (bar)|Sloppy Joe's]], dan sasakali pai ka [[Spanyol]], untuak mangumpuaan bahan-bahan untuak ''[[Death in the Afternoon]]'' dan ''[[Winner Take Nothing]]''.

''[[Death in the Afternoon]]'' sabuah buku tantang [[adu banteng]], ditabikan pado 1932. Hemingway alah manjadi urang nan manyukoi adu banteng satalah manonton fiesta [[Pamplona]] pado 1925 dan meangarang fiksinyo dalam ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]''. Dalam ''Death in the Afternoon'', Hemingway sacaro panjang lebar membicarakan metafisika adu banteng: praktik ritualnya, bahkan hampir marupoan agamo. Dalam tulisan-tulisannyo tantang Spanyol inyo dipangaruhi dek empu Spanyol [[Pío Baroja]] (katiko Hemingway mandapek Penghargaan Nobel, inyo pai mangunjuangi Baroja, kamudian di tampek lalok kamatiannyo, sacaro khusus inyo mangatoan baso inyo bapandapek Baroja labiah berhak untuak penghargaan itu daripado dirinyo).

Sabuah [[safari]] pado musim gugur 1932 mambaoknyo ka [[Mombasa]], [[Nairobi]], dan [[Machakos]] di [[Mua Hills]], [[Kenya]]. Di Spanyol, katiko manulih laporan tantang Parang Saudara Spanyol, Hemingway mamutuihan persahabatannyo jo [[John Dos Passos]] karano Dos Passos taruih-manaruih manulih laporan, meskipun bakali-kali manulih peringatan manganai kakajaman, bukan hanyo dari kaum Fasis nan indak disukoi Hemingway, tapi tamasuak kaum Republikan nan dibela Hemingway (&quot;The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles&quot; dek Stephen Koch, ditabikan pado 2005 ISBN 1-58243-280-5) dan The Spanish Civil War (1961) dek [[Hugh Thomas (sejarahwan)|Hugh Thomas]]). Dalam pandangan ko, Hemingway dihubuangkan jo wartawan [[Herbert Matthews]]. Hemingway pun mulai maragukan iman Katoliknyo wakatu itu, dan akhianyo maninggaan Gereja itu (meskipun konco-konconyo mangatoan bahwa inyo mempunyai “hubuangan nan lawak” jo iman Katolik hinggo akhia hayatnyo). Carito &quot;The Denunciation&quot; [http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/07/04/specials/hemingway-fifth.html] tampaknyo marupoan autobiografinyo dan karano itu manunjuakan baso si pangarang pernah manjadi informan bagi kaum Republikan sarato palatiah senjata (The Spanish Civil War (1961) dek Hugh Thomas). Pado taun 1935 tabik ''Green Hills of Africa'', sabuah kisah tantang safari Afrikanyo. ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'' dan ''[[The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber]]'' adolah hasil fiksi dari pangalaman-pengalamannyo di Afrika.

Babarapo masalah kesehatan tajadi dalam hiduik Hemingway pado maso ko: infeksi [[antraks]], luko pado bola matonya, luko pado dahinyo, [[flu Spanyol|flu]], [[gigi|sakit gigi]], [[pendarahan]]; gangguan [[ginjal]] karano mamanciang di [[Spanyol]], otot selangkangan nan cabiak, jarinyo taluko hinggo ka tulang dalam sabuah kecelakaan jo sabuah bola tinju, luko tapotong (di langan, kaki, dan mukonyo) karano manunggang kudo nan lari indak takandali malalui hutan labek di [[Wyoming]], dan langan nan patah karano [[kecelakaan mobil|kecelakaan oto]].

=== ''For Whom the Bell Tolls'' ===
[[Francisco Franco]] mamanangan [[Perang Saudara Spanyol|Parang Saudara Spanyol]] pado musim semi 1939. Hemingway kahilangan tanah aia adopsinyo nan dikuasoi dek kaum nasionalis fasis Franco dan balakangan rumahnyo nan tacinto di [[Key West, Florida]] karano perceraiannyo pado 1940. Babarapo minggu satalah perceraiannya, Hemingway manikahi pandampiangnyo di Spanyol, Martha Gellhorn, subagai bini katigonyo. Novelnyo ''[[For Whom The Bell Tolls]]'' tabik pado 1940; karya panjang nan balangsuang salamo Parang Saudara Spanyol, nan didasarkan pado kajadian-kajadian sasungguahnyo (Parang Saudara Spanyol [[Hugh Thomas]]) dan mangisahan tantang seorang laki-laki Amerika nan banamo &quot;Robert Jordan&quot; nan batampua basamo kaum gerilyawan Spanyol di pihak Republikan. Iko adolah salah satu sukses sastra Hemingway nan paliang manonjol. Judulnyo diambiak dari alinea sabalun nan tarakhia dari karya [[John Donne]] ''Meditation XVII''.

== Perang Dunia II dan sesudahnya ==
Amerika Serikat ikuik terlibat dalam [[Perang Dunia II]] pada [[8 Desember]] [[1941]], dan untuak partamo kalinya dalam hidupnya, Hemingway berusaha ikuik serta dalam perang laut.

Di atas kapal ''Pilar'', nan kini sebuah [[Q-Ship]], awak Hemingway ditugasi menenggelamkan [[kapal selam|kapal-kapal selam]] Jerman nan mengancam pelayaran di lepas pantai [[Kuba]] dan Amerika Serikat (Martha Gellhorn selalu menganggap pengejaran di bawah laut ini sebagai alasan Hemingway dan teman-temannya untuak mendapekkan bahan bakar dan minuman keras untuak menangkap ikan). satalah [[FBI]] mengambil alih kontra-spionase di Karibia – J. Edgar Hoover nan sudah sejak awal curiga terhadap Hemingway, dan belakangan manjadi samakin bertambah-tambah – Ernest belakangan pergi ke Eropa sebagai koresponden perang untuak majalah ''[[Collier's]] ''.

Hemingway, nan manjadi koresponden untuak ''[[Collier's Weekly]],'' mengamati pendaratan [[D-Day]] (Hari-H) dari sebuah LCVP (pesawat pendarat), meskipun ia indak diizinkan ke daratan. Ia belakangan marah karano istrinya Martha Gellhorn – nan saat itu lebih merupakan koresponden perang saingannya daripada seorang istri – malah berhasil mendarat pagi-pagi sekali pada tanggal 7 Juni jo berpakaian sebagai seorang perawat, satalah ia menyeberangi Atlantik ke Inggrih jo sebuah kapal nan penuh jo bahan peledak. Belakangan, di [[Villedieu-les-Poêles, Prancis]], ia konon melemparkan tiga buah granat ke gudang bawah tanah tampek para perwira [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] bersembunyi – meskipun carito ini masih harus dibuktikan. Hemingway bertindak sebagai seorang perwira penghubung indak resmi di [[Château de Rambouillet]], dan belakangan membentuk kelompok partisannya sendiri, nan, menurut caritonya, ikuik serta dalam pembebasan [[Paris]]. Klaim ini telah dibantah dek banyak sejarawan, nan mangatokan bahwa satu-satunya nan dibebaskan dek Hemingway adalah Bar Ritz Hotel; tapi indak diragukan bahwa ia memang berada di sinan.

satalah perang, Hemingway mulai mengerjakan ''[[The Garden of Eden]]'', nan tak pernah diselesaikannya dan kelak ditabikan sacaro anumerta dalam bentuk nan sangaik disederhanakan pada 1986. Pada suatu tahap, ia merencanakan sebuah trilogi besar nan akan terdiri dari &quot;The Sea When Young&quot;, &quot;The Sea When Absent&quot; dan &quot;The Sea in Being&quot; (nan belakangan akhirnya tabik pada 1952 jo judul ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]''). Ia tingga selama beberapa waktu di sebuah kota Italia nan cantik bernama ''Acciaroli'' (terletak sekitar 136&amp;nbsp;km di selatan Napoli. di sinan ia acok terlihat berjalan berkeliling kota, jo sebuah botol selalu di tangannya. Acciaroli terutama sekali dikenal sebagai desa nelayan, dan di sinilah partamo kalinya Hemingway berkenalan jo ide untuak &quot;The Old Man and the Sea.&quot; Hemingway terpesona dek Antonio Masarone, seorang nelayan tua nan julukon namanya dalam bahasa Italia berarti &quot;Lelaki tua.&quot; (Mastracchio) Ada pula carito &quot;Sea-Chase&quot; (Pengejaran Laut); tiga dari carito-carito ini disunting dan dipersatukan sebagai novel nan tabik sacaro anumerta ''[[Islands in the Stream]]'' (1970).

Tak lama satalah bercerai jo Martha, Hemingway manikahi koresponden perang, Mary Welsh, nan pernah dijumpainya di luar negeri pada 1944. Novel partamo Hemingway satalah ''For Whom the Bell Tolls'' adalah ''[[Across the River and Into the Trees]]'' (1950), nan terjadi di [[Venezia]] satalah Perang Dunia II. Ia mengambil judulnya dari kata-kata terakhir Jenderal [[Thomas J. Jackson|Stonewall Jackson]]. Hemingway nan sedang dimabuk cinta jo seorang gadis muda Italia ([[Adriana Ivancich]]) pada saat itu, manulih ''Across the River and Into the Trees'' nan merupakan kisah cinta antara Kolonel Cantwell (berdasarkan Letnan Jenderal Inggrih &quot;Chink&quot; Dorman-Smith [lihat Journal of Modern Literature, Juni 1984]) jo Renata nan muda (nan dibuat berdasarkan Adriana; &quot;Renata&quot; dalam bahasa Italia berarti &quot;dilahirkan kembali&quot;). Novel ini dek banyak pihak dianggap jelek. Banyak nan menuduh Hemingway karano seleranya nan buruk, gayanya nan indak lancar, dan sentimental. Barangkali tuduhan nan terakhir itu nan paling benar, danc ocok jo sebuah pola nan sedang berkembang: Hemingway sudah makin tua. Namun, 'Across the River' toh mempunyai sejumlah pembelanya di kemudian hari.

== taun-taun belakangan ==
Satu seksi dari trilogy laut nan telah disebutkan di atas ditabikan jo judul ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' pada 1952. Sukses besar [[novella]] tasabuik memberikan kepuasan besar bagi Hemingway, barangkali untuak nan terakhir kalinya dalam hidupnya. Buku itu menghasilkan [[Penghargaan Pulitzer]] baginya pada 1953 dan [[Penghargaan Nobel dalam Sastra]] pada 1954, serta memulihkan reputasi internasionalnya.

Lalu, nasib sialnya nan legendaries menimpanya kembali; dalam sebuah safari ia mengalami luko-luko dalam dua [[kecelakaan pesawat terbang]] sacaro berturutan. luko-luko Hemingway sangaik serius; bahu kanannya, lengan dan kaki kirinya keselo, ia mengalami [[gegar otak]] nan parah, untuak sementara watku kehilangan daya penglihatan mata kirinya (dan daya pendengarannya di telinga kiri), mengalami kelumpuhan [[sphincter]], [[tulang belakang]], nan remuk, [[liver]], [[spleen]] dan [[ginjal]], dan nan robek, serta mengalami luko bakar pada tingkat partamo di wajah, kedua lengan dan kakinya. Babarapo surekkabar AS sacaro keliru manabikan obituarinya karano mandugo ia tabunuah dalam kaduo kecelakaan itu [http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577223/Ernest_Hemingway_Quick_Facts.html]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029195239/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577223/Ernest_Hemingway_Quick_Facts.html |date=2009-10-29 }}.

Seolah-olah itu belum cukup, ia luko parah sebulan kemudian dalam sebuah kecelakaan kebakaran semak, nan membuat ia mengalami [[luka bakar|luko bakar pada tingkat kedua]] pada kedua kakinya, dada, bibir, tangan kiri dan bagian atas lengan kanannya. Penderitaannya menyiksanya cukup lama, sehingga ia indak dapek pergi ke [[Stockholm]] untuak menerima Hadiah Nobelnya.

Secercah harapan muncul jo ditemukannya sebagian naskah lamonyo dari taun 1928 di gudang bawah tanah Ritz, nan kemudian ditransformasikannya manjadi ''[[A Moveable Feast]]''. Meskipun sebagian dari energinya tampaknya telah pulih, kecanduan minumnya nan parah tetap membuatnya indak berdaya. Tekanan darah tingginya serta kolesterolnya nan tinggi sangaik berbahaya. Ia menderita radang aorta, dan depresinya, nan diperparah dek kecanduan alkoholnya, manjadi samakin buruk.

Ia juga kehlangan Finca Vigía-nya, tanahnya di luar [[Havana, Kuba]] nan telah dimilikinya selama sekitar 20 taun, dan terpaksa mengasingkan diri di [[Ketchum, Idaho]], ketika konflik di Kuba mulai meningkat. Maka bab terakhir pun dimulai – jo Hemingway berada dalam pengawasan pemerintah federal AS karano pernah tingga di Kuba dan aktivitasnya di sinan.

Pada [[26 Februari]] [[1960]], Ernest Hemingway indak dapek mangiriman caritonya tantang adu banteng, [[The Dangerous Summer]] kapado penerbitnya. karano itu ia menyuruh istrinya agar maminta temannya, kepala kantor Majalah Life [[Will Lang Jr.]], untuak meninggalkan Paris dan dating ke Spanyol. Hemingway membujuk Lang agar mengizinkannya manabikan naskahnya, basamo-samo jo sebuah tata gambar sebelum carito itu muncul dalam bentuk sampul tebal. Meskipun indak ada perjanjian tertulis, Ernest sepakat jo usul itu. Bagian partamo dari caritonya muncul dalam Majalah Life pada [[5 September]] [[1960]]. Bagian-bagian lainnya ditabikan pada tabikan-tabikan berikuik Life.

Hemingway kecewa dek foto-foto dalam artikelnya ''[[The Dangerous Summer]]''. Ia sedang dirawat di [[Ketchum, Idaho]] untuak [[tekanan darah tinggi]] dan masalah-masalah [[liver]]nya —dan juga [[electroconvulsive therapy]] (ECT) untuak [[depresi klinis|depresi]] dan paranoianya nan berkelanjutan, meskipun hal ini mungkin telah ikuik menyebabkan bunuh dirinya, karano ia dilaporkan menderita kehilangan daya ingat nan cukup besar sebagai akibat perawatan kejut itu. Berat badannya juga menurun, dan tubuhnya nan tingginya sekitar 183&amp;nbsp;cm tampak kurus jo berat badan 77&amp;nbsp;kg.

== Kematian ==
Hemingway berusaha melakukan bunuh diri pada musim semi [[1961]], dan memperdek perawatan [[Electroconvulsive therapy|ECT]] kembali; namun sekitar tiga minggu sebelum ulang taunnya nan ke-62, ia bunuh diri pada pagi hari [[2 Juli]] [[1961]], jo sebuah senapan nan ditembakkannya ke kepala. Senapan itu dibelinya di [[Abercrombie and Fitch]]. Ia dinilai sacaro mental indak bertanggungjawab atas tindakan bunuh dirinya, sehinga ia dikuburkan jo tata-cara Katolik Roma. Hemingway sendiri mempersalahkan perawatan ECT karano &quot;membuat ia kehilangan bisnisnya&quot; jo menghancurkan daya ingatnya. Opini medis dan para pakar kini memperhatikan pandangan ini.

Beberapa anggota keluarga dekat Hemingway juga melakukan bunuh diri, termasuk ayahnya, Clarence Hemingway, dua orang saudaranya Ursula dan Leicester, dan belakangan cucunya [[Margaux Hemingway]]. Sebagian orang percaya bahwa beberapa anggota dari garis keturunan ayah Hemingway mempunyai kondisi gentik atau penyakit keturunan nan dikenal sebagai [[hemokromatosis]]; dalam kasus ini, konsentrasi zat besi nan berlebihan di dalam darah menyebabkan kerusakan pada pancreas dan juga menyebabkan depresi atau keindakstabilan dalam cerebrum. Ayah Hemingway nan seorang dokter diketahui mengidap [[Hemokromatosis|diabetes perunggu]] nan disebabkan dek kondisi ini pada taun-taun sebelum bunuh dirinya pada usia 59 taun. Sebagian orang berpendapek Hemingway menderita [[bipolar disorder]]. Sepanjang hidupnya Hemingway adalah seorang peminum berat dan ia menderita kecanduan [[alkohol]] (alkoholisme) pada usia senjanya. Namun ada pula kemungkinan spekulasi medis nan berlebihan di sini mengenai penyakitnya menjelang kematiannya serta kematiannya sendiri.

Ernest Hemingway dikebumikan di pemakaman kota di [[Ketchum, Idaho|Ketchum]], di ujung utara kota. Sebuah tugu peringatan, nan dibangun pada [[1966]], terletak tepat di ujung Trail Creek Road, satu mil di sebelah timur laut dari Penginapan [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]].

=== Penerbitan anumerta ===
Ernest Hemingway adalah seorang penulis nan produktif. Pada 1981 banyak dari tulisan-tulisannya nan ditabikan dek [[Scribner]] dalam ''[[Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917-1961]]''. Penerbitan ini menimbulkan sejumlah kontroversi karano Hemingway sendiri menyatakan bahwa ia indak ingin manabikan surat-suratnya. Namun, surat-surat ini memberikan rincian dan kepribadian nan membuat bukunya lebih mengasyikkan daripada kebanyakan biografi Hemingway. Surat-suratnya nan lain ditabikan dalam buku tantang korespondensinya jo penyuntingnya Max Perkins, ''The Only Thing that Counts'' [1996].

Hemingway masih terus manulih karya-karya baru hingga saat kematiannya pada 1961. sadoalah dari karya-karya nan indak selesai ini adalah satu-satunya karangan Hemingway nan ditabikan sacaro anumerta; karangan-karangannya itu adalah ''[[A Moveable Feast]],'' ''[[Islands in the Stream]],'' ''[[The Nick Adams Stories]]'' (bagian-bagian nan sebelumnya indak pernah ditabikan), ''[[The Dangerous Summer]],'' dan ''[[The Garden of Eden]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Informasi tentang karya-karya anumerta Hemingway ini diambil dari Pengantar Charles Scribner, Jr. 1987 dalam ''The Garden of Eden''.&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam sebuah catatan nan mengantarkan &quot;Islands in the Stream&quot; Mary Hemingway menunjukkan bahwa ia bekerja jo Charles Scribner, Jr. dalam &quot;mempersiapkan buku ini untuak penerbitan dari naskah asli Ernest.&quot; Dalam catatan itu, ia menyatakan bahwa &quot;di luar aktivitas rutin mengoreksi ejaan dan tanda baca, kami melakukan beberapa pemotongan terhadap naskahnya nan saya rasa Ernest sendiri akan melakukannya. Buku ini seluruhnya milik Ernest. Kami indak manambahkan apapun ke dalamnya.&quot; Sejumlah kontroversi muncul sekitar penerbitan karya-karya ini, sejauh indak mennankut yrusdiksi sanak keluarga Hemingway atau para penerbit nan menentukan apakah karya-karya ini perlu ditabikan untuak umum. Misalnya, para ahli acok mencatat jo nada negatif bahwa versi ''The Garden of Eden'' nan ditabikan dek [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] pada 1986, meskipun sama sekali bukanlah revisi terhadap karya asli Hemingway, tetap indak memasukkan dua pertiga dari naskah aslinya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bookrags.com/shortguide-garden_of_eden/ BookRags] membuat catatan kuantitatif ini; di sini juga diungkapkan lebih banyak informasi tentang penerbitan ''The Garden of Eden'' dan menawarkan sejumlah diskusi mengenai isi tematisnya.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pada 1999, sebuah novel nan lain berjudul ''[[True at First Light]]'' muncul jo nama Ernest Hemingway, meskipun buku ini mengalami banyak suntingan dek anaknya, [[Patrick Hemingway]]. anam taun kemudian, ''[[Under Kilimanjaro]],'' sebuah versi suntingan ulang dan versi nan jauh lebih panjang dari ''[[True at First Light]]'' tabik. Dalam kedua edisi tasabuik, novelnya adalah sebuah kisah fiktif tantang safari terakhir Hemingway di Afrika pada 1953–1954. Ia menghabisi beberapa bulan di Kenya jo istri keampeknya, Mary, sebelum kecelakaan pesawat terbang nan hampir fatal terjadi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://upress.kent.edu/books/Hemingway.htm The Kent State University Press] adalah sumber resmi untuk penerbitan novelnya yang baru ini.&lt;/ref&gt; Antisipasi akan novel ini, nan naskahnya telah selesai pada 1956, adumbrates barangkali suatu pertempuran besar dan kritis nan indak pernah terjadi sebelumnya tantang apakah layak manabikan karya ini (banyak sumber mangatokan bahwa sisi baru nan ringan dari Hemingway akan dilihat berlawanan jo citranya nan macho dan kanonik &lt;ref&gt;Lihat [http://www.und.edu/dept/our/dimensions/march2005/2.html University of North Dakota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511193909/http://www.und.edu/dept/our/dimensions/march2005/2.html |date=May 11, 2008 }} misalnya menampilkan editor Robert W. Lewis.&lt;/ref&gt;), bahkan sebagai editor [[Robert W. Lewis]] dari [[Universitas North Dakota]] dan [[Robert E. Fleming]] dari [[Universitas New Mexico]] telah mendorong agar novel ini ditabikan. Novel ini akhirnya tabik pada [[15 September]] 2005.

nan juga ditabikan satalah kematian Hemingway adalah sejumlah kumpulan karyanya sebagai seorang wartawan. tabikan-tabikan ini memuat kolom dan artikel-artikel nan ditulisnya untuak Esquire Magazine, Aliansi Surat kabar Amerika Utara, dan Toronto Star. Tulisan-tulisannya antara lain adalah ''Byline: Ernest Hemingway'' disunting dek William White, dan ''Hemingway: The Wild Years'' disunting dek Gene Z. Hanrahan. Akhirnya, sebuah kumpulan pengantar, kata pendahuluan, surat-surat publik dan berbagai tulisannya nan lain ditabikan sebagai ''Hemingway and the Mechanism of Fame'' pada 2005.

== Pengaruh dan warisan ==
Pengaruh karangan-karangan Hemingway terhadap [[sastra Amerika]] sangaik besar dan terus dirasakan hingga sekarang. Memang, pengaruh gaya Hemingway begitu meluas sehingga dapek terlihat dalam kebanyakan fiksi kontemporer, ketika para penulis menggali inspirasi entah dari Hemingway sendiri ataupun sacaro tak langsung melalui penulis-penulis nan sacaro sengaja meniru gaya Hemingway. Pada masa hidupnya sendiri, Hemingway memengaruhi penulis-penulis di lingkungan sastra [[modernis]]nya seniri. [[James Joyce]] menyebut &quot;A Clean, Well Lighted Place&quot; sebagai &quot;salah satu carito terbaik nan pernah ditulis&quot;. [[Pulp fiction]] dan fiksi kriminal &quot;[[matang]]&quot; (nan berjamuran sejak 1920-an hingga 1950-an) acok berutang besar kapado Hemingway. Gaya prosa Hemingway nan padat--&quot;Nick bangkit. Ia indak apa-apa&quot;—dikenal telah mengilhami [[Bret Easton Ellis]], [[Chuck Palahniuk]], [[Douglas Coupland]] dan banyak pengarang [[Generasi X]]. Gaya Hemingway juga memengaruhi [[Jack Kerouac]] dan para pengarang [[Beat Generation]] lainnya. [[J.D. Salinger]] konon pernah ingin manjadi pengarang [[cerita pendek|carito pendek]] besar Amerika seperti Hemingway. [[Hunter S. Thompson]] sering membandingkan dirinya jo Hemingway, dan kalimat-kalimat singkat gaya Hemingway dapek ditemukan dalam ''[[The Rum Diary]]''. Thompson juga bunuh diri, dalam cara nan sama seperti Hemingway, diduga dek banyak orang sengaja dilakukan Thompson dalam usahanya menghormati pahlawannya. Di luar para pengarang sastra nan lebih formal, novelis populer Elmore Leonard, nan mengarang sejumlah novel genre Western dan Kriminalitas, menyebut Hemingway sebagai tokoh nan paling memengaruhinya, dan hal ini tampak jelas dalam prosanya nan ditulisnya jo paadt. Meskipun ia tak pernah mengklaim manulih sastra nan serius, ia pernah mangatokan, &quot;Saya belajar jo meniru Hemingway.... hingga saya sadar bahwa saya indak mengikuiki sikapnya terhadap kehidupan. Saya indak mengangap diri saya atau apapaun juga jo serius seperti dia.&quot;

Dalam sastra [[Amerika Latin]], pengaruh Hemingway mungkin paling jelas kelihatan dalam karya-karya [[Gabriel García Márquez]], nan, misalnya, acok menggunakan laut sebagai citra sentral dalam fiksinya. Film [[1988]] ''[[The Moderns]]'' mengambil tampek di [[Paris]] pada masa Hemingway jo tokoh sentralnya nan bernama Nick Hart, nan bersahabat jo Hemingway. Novelis [[fiksi ilmiah]] [[Joe Haldeman]] memperdek [[Penghargaan Hugo]] dan [[Penghargaan Nebula]] untuak [[novella]]nya, ''The Hemingway Hoax,'' sebuah carito nan menjajaki kemungkinan dampak carito-carito Hemingway nan hilang terhadap sejarah abad ke-20. Band heavy-metal terkenal, [[Metallica]] diilhami dek 'For Whom The Bell Tolls' dan manulih sebuah lagu jo judul nan sama nan manjadi sangaik terkenal. Pada 1999, [[Michael Palin]] melakukan napak tilas terhadap kehidupan Hemingway, dalam ''Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure'', sebuah film dokumenter televisi, seratus taun satalah kelahiran pengarang favoritnya. Perjalanan ini membawanya ke banyak tampek termasuk [[Chicago]], [[Paris]], [[Italia]], [[Afrika]], [[Key West]], [[Kuba]], dan [[Idaho]]. Bukuya tersedia di situsnya [http://www.palinstravels.co.uk/]. Sejak 1987, aktor-penulis [[Ed Metzger]] telah melukiskan kehidupan Ernest Hemingway dalam sebuah pertunjukan panggung solo ''Hemingway: On The Edge'', nan manampilkan carito-carito dan anekdot dari kehidupan dan petualangan Hemingway sendiri. Metzger mengutip Hemingway, &quot;Ayahku bakato kapadoku, jangan membunuh apapun nan akan kaumakan. Pada usia 9 taun, aku menembak seekor landak. Itu adalah pelajaran nan paling berat nan pernah kuperdek.&quot; Informasi loebih jauh tantang pertunjukan ini terdapek di situs ini [http://www.hemingwayplay.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703180952/http://www.hemingwayplay.com/ |date=2008-07-03 }}.

Saat artikel ini ditulis, hanya seorang anak lelaki Hemingway nan masih bertahan yaitu Patrick. DAlam karya [[Harry Turtledove]] &quot;Alternate History&quot; [[Timeline-191]], Hemingway muncul sebagai tokoh nan mengemudikan ambulans di Front AS-Kanada di Quebec pada masa Perang Dunia. Si tokoh tertembak alat reproduksinya, sehingga ia mengalami depresi berat dan kecenderungan bunuh diri. Dalam novel grafis [[Dave Sim]], ''[[Cerebus]]'', kisah &quot;Form and Void&quot; manampilakn Ham dan Mary Ernestway, parodi tantang Hemingway dan istrinya Mary. Beberapa taun terakhir hidup Hemingway, termasuk terapi kejutan listriknya, safari nan menyebabkan ia taluko parah, dan bunuh dirinya, digunakan sebagai plot untuak caritonya. Band [[Ween]] menyebutkan Hemingway dalam nyanyian &quot;Don't Laugh I Love You&quot;. Kata-katanya berbunyi, &quot;Ernest Hemingway akan selalu ada untuakku. Tapi kini Ernest Hemingway telah mati.&quot; Band rock [[Bad Religion]] [[punk]] merujuk Hemingway dalam lagu mereka &quot;Stranger Than Fiction&quot;. Kata-katanya berbunyi, &quot;Aku ingin tahu mengapa Hemingway gila.&quot; &quot;Here's to Life&quot; karya [[Streetlight Manifesto]] juga menyebutkan Hemingway: &quot;Hemingway tampaknya indak pernah peduli akan kebosanan kehidupan nan normal dan setiap kali saya merasa hal ini makin berat. karano itu ia mengarahkan senapannya ke udara. Wajahnya diletakkannya di antara keduanya dan ia menghela napasnya, 'Demi kehidupan!'&quot;

=== Penghargaan dan penghormatan ===
Selama hidupnya Hemingway diberikan penghargaan sebagai berikuik:
* [[Medali Perak untuk Keberanian Militer|Medali Perak untuak Keberanian Militer]] (medaglia d'argento) dalam [[Perang Dunia I]]
* [[Medali Bintang Perunggu|Bintang Perunggu]] (Koresponden Perang - Militer luar buasa dalam [[Perang Dunia II]]) pada 1947
* [[Penghargaan Pulitzer]] pada 1953 (untuak ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'')
* [[Penghargaan Nobel dalam Sastra]] pada 1954 (''The Old Man and the Sea'' dikuikip sebagai alasan untuak penghargaan ini)

=== Aneka rupa ===

* Para pelaut terkenal sangaik menghargai kucing nan jari kakinya berlebih karano hal ini membuat mereka lebih hebat memanjat dan karano mereka cakap berburu sebagai bantuan untuak mengatasi [[tikus]] di kapal. Sebagian pelaut juga menganggapnya sebagai [[keberuntungan]] bila sedang berada di laut. Hemingway adalah salah seorang nan terkenal sebagai pencinta kucing seperti itu. Mula-mula ia memperdek kucing berjari kaki anam dek seorang kapten kapal. Seperti nan ditulisnya dalam testamennya, bekas rumahnya di [[Key West, Florida]] (nan kini manjadi museum nan populer), saat ini dihuni dek sekitar 60 ekor keturunan kucingnya, sekitar 50% di antaranya mempunyai kaki jo anam jari. Rumah dan kucing-kucing penghuninya itu muncul sebentar dalam film [[James Bond]] 1989 ''[[Licence to Kill]]''.
* Menurut berbagai sumber biografi, tinggi badan Hemingway sekitar 183&amp;nbsp;cm dan beratnya antara 77&amp;nbsp;kg hingga 118&amp;nbsp;kg pada berbagai waktu dalam hidupnya. Tubuhnya tegap berotot, meskipun pada usia pertengahan perutnya membuncit. Rambutnya coklat tua, matanya coklat, dan biasanya ia mengenakan kumis (dan kadang-kadang janggut) sejak usia 23 taun. Pada usia 50 taun, ia terus-menerus mengenakan janggut nan beruban. Ia mempunyai bekas luko di dahinya, akibat kecelakaan ketika mabuk di Paris pada akhir 20-an taun (ia mengira sedang menarik tali penyiram toilet, tapi ternyata ia menarik lampu di atas kepalanya). Sepanjang hidupnya ia menderita [[myopi]], tapi karano kesombongannya ia menolak mengenakan kacamata hingga ia berusia 32 taun. Jarang sekali ia tampil di foto jo kacamatanya. Ia gemar bermain [[tenis]], [[memancing]] dan [[berburu]], serta membenci [[New York City]].
* Aktris dua bersaudara [[Margaux Hemingway]] dan [[Mariel Hemingway]] adalah cucu Hemingway.
* Namanya disebutkan dalam lagu [[Billy Joel]] nan bertema sejarah &quot;[[We Didn't Start the Fire]]&quot;, sebagai tokoh partamo dalam alinea ke-13.
* Pada 2006 dinyatakan bahwa [[James Gandolfini]] akan melukiskan Hemingway jo mendalam tantang percintaannya jo [[Martha Gellhorn]]. Percintaan ini konon merupakan ilham bagi [[For Whom The Bell Tolls]]. Gellhorn akan diperankan dek [[Robin Wright Penn]].{{citation needed}}
* Ia juga disebutkan dalam lagu &quot;Here's to life&quot; dek band [[Ska]]/[[Punk]] [[Streetlight Manifesto]]: &quot;Hemingway tampaknya indak pernah keberatan jo kebersahajaan kehidupan nan normal dan saya merasa hal itu terus-menerus samakin berat. karano itu ia menembakkan senapan ke udara. Lalu mukanya dia letakkan di antara keduanya dan ia menghela napasnya, ''Here's To Life!'' (Demi kehidupan)&quot;
* Seri permainan video [[Paper Mario]] manampilkan seekor penguin novelis nan bernama &quot;Herringway&quot;.

== Karya-karya Hemingway ==
=== Novel/Novela ===

* (1925) ''[[The Torrents of Spring]]''
* (1926) ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]''
* (1929) ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]''
* (1937) ''[[To Have and Have Not]]''
* (1940) ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]''
* (1950) ''[[Across the River and Into the Trees]]''
* (1952) ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]''
* (1962) ''[[Adventures of a Young Man (Hemingway)|Adventures of a Young Man]]''
* (1970) ''[[Islands in the Stream (Hemingway)|Islands in the Stream]]''
* (1986) ''[[The Garden of Eden]]''

=== Non fiksi ===

* (1932) ''[[Death in the Afternoon]]''
* (1935) ''[[Green Hills of Africa]]''
* (1960) ''[[The Dangerous Summer]]''
* (1964) ''[[A Moveable Feast]]''
* (2003) ''[[Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917-1961]]''
* (2005) ''[[Under Kilimanjaro]]''

=== Kumpulan carito pendek ===

* (1923) ''[[Three Stories and Ten Poems]]''
* (1925) ''[[In Our Time (kumpulan cerpen)|In Our Time]]''
* (1927) ''[[Men Without Women]]''
* (1932) ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]''
* (1933) ''[[Winner Take Nothing]]''
* (1938) ''[[The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories]]''
* (1947) ''[[The Essential Hemingway]]''
* (1953) ''[[The Hemingway Reader]]'',
* (1972) ''[[The Nick Adams Stories]]''
* (1976) ''[[The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway]]''
* (1995) ''Collected Stories''

== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Referensi ==

* {{cite book|author=Berridge, H.R.|title=Barron's Book Notes on Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Klett|year=1990|id=ISBN 0-8120-3412-0}}
* {{cite book|author=Baker, Carlos|title=Hemingway: The Writer as Artist|url=https://archive.org/details/hemingwaywritera00bake|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1972|id=ISBN 0-691-01305-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Baker, Carlos, ed|title=Ernest Hemingway: Critiques of Four Major Novels|location=New York|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1962|id=ISBN 0-684-41157-1}}
* {{cite web |title=Biography |work=The Hemingway Resource Center |url=http://www.lostgeneration.com |accessdate=April 12 |accessyear=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110213658/http://lostgeneration.com/ |archive-date=January 10, 2016 |dead-url=yes}}
* [[Anthony Burgess|Burgess, Anthony]] (1978). ''Ernest Hemingway and His World''. Norwich: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-684-18504-0.
* {{cite book|author=Hemingway, Ernest, Carlos Baker, ed|title=Selected Letters 1917-1961|location=New York|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1981|id=ISBN 0-7432-4689-6}}
* {{cite book|author=Hemingway, Ernest, Malcolm Cowley, ed|title=Hemingway (The Viking Portable Library)|location=New York|publisher=The Viking Press|year=1944|id=ASIN B0007DNS9K}}
* {{cite book|author=Lynn, Kenneth Schuyler|title=Hemingway|location=Cambridge|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1995|id=ISBN 0-674-38732-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Young, Philip|title=Ernest Hemingway|url=https://archive.org/details/ernesthemingway0000phil|location=New York|publisher=Holt, Rinehart, &amp; Winston|year=1952|id=ISBN 0-8166-0191-7}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Ernest Hemingway}}
{{wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.timelesshemingway.com Timeless Hemingway]
* [http://www.timelesshemingway.com/hemingwiki HemingWiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820011117/http://www.timelesshemingway.com/hemingwiki |date=2008-08-20 }}
* [http://www.davidgagne.net/hem The Hemingway Blog]
* [http://www.onetruesentence.com One True Sentence: A Blog Devoted to EH] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805092658/http://onetruesentence.com/ |date=2018-08-05 }}
* [http://www.pbs.org/hemingwayadventure Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure] Based on a PBS lecture series narrated by Michael Palin.
* [http://www.hemingwaysociety.org The Hemingway Society]
* [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/index.html CNN: A Hemingway Retrospective]
* [http://www.einstein-hemingway-shows.com &quot;Hemingway:On The Edge,&quot; A One Man Show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103118/http://www.einstein-hemingway-shows.com/ |date=2016-03-05 }}
* [http://www.retortmagazine.com/05/id_09_05_dan_schneider.htm Review of The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623094722/http://www.retortmagazine.com/05/id_09_05_dan_schneider.htm |date=2006-06-23 }}
* [http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&amp;UID=7857 Review of The Sun Also Rises]
* [http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/oldman/ SparkNotes of The Old Man And The Sea]
* [http://www.hemingwayhome.com/ Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum in Key West, Florida, official website]
* [http://www.briangordonsinclair.com/hemingway.htm ''Hemingway on Stage''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901000455/http://www.briangordonsinclair.com/hemingway.htm |date=2006-09-01 }}
* [http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/florida/hemingway-home.php Hemingway Home Photos and Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331051126/http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/florida/hemingway-home.php |date=March 31, 2009 }}
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=1232 Hemingway's Gravesite]
* [http://www.humdrumming.co.uk/product_info.php?cPath=23&amp;products_id=45 'Hemingway Goes To War'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012232958/http://www.humdrumming.co.uk/product_info.php?cPath=23&amp;products_id=45 |date=2006-10-12 }} by Charles Whiting.
* [http://www.theparisreview.org/viewinterview.php/prmMID/4825 The full Paris Review Interview]

{{Hemingway}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1951-1975}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemingway, Ernest}}
[[Kategori:Ernest Hemingway| ]]
[[Kategori:Sastrawan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Pengarang cerita pendek Amerika]]
[[Kategori:Esais Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Pengarang non-fiksi Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Pengarang Katolik Roma]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh yang berpindah agama ke Katolik Roma]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh yang bunuh diri]]
[[Kategori:Inggris-Amerika]]
[[Kategori:Wartawan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Keluarga Hemingway]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fiqih</title>
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      <text bytes="3483" sha1="fsluyh7meo3w9rn37udna6g5b2r55bl" xml:space="preserve">{{Islam}}
'''Fiqih''' atau '''fikih''' nan barasa dari kato '''''Fiqh''''' ({{IPAc-en|f|iː|k}}; {{lang-ar|{{large|فقه}}}} {{IPA-ar|fɪqh|}}) adolah panafsiran jo pamahaman manusia pado [[syarak]]; dalam kato lain, inyo adolah [[yurisprudensi|hukum]] [[Islam]].&lt;ref name=vogel&gt;{{cite book|last=Vogel|first=Frank E.|title=Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia|date=2000|publisher=Brill|pages=4–5|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-PfDuvnHMGoC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=vogel+islamic+law#v=onepage&amp;q=vogel%20islamic%20law&amp;f=false|isbn=9004110623}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pamahaman fiqih didapek dari apo nan ado di dalam [[al-Qur'an|Alquran]] dan [[Hadis]]. Fiqih mangambangkan jo mambangun syarak malalui panafsiran (''[[ijtihad]]'') sumber-sumber syarak dek [[ulama]] dan ditagakkan malalui [[fatwa]]. Jikok syarak basipaik final dan indak bisa diubah, fiqih basipaik bagantuang dan dapek baubah. Fiqih umumnyo mambahas ibadah, nilai-nilai moral, paraturan sosial, jo sistem politik di dalam Islam. Pado maso kiniko, ado ampek ''[[mazhab]]'' fiqh dalam aliran [[Sunni|Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah]], dan tigo lainnyo dalam aliran [[Syiah]]. Saurang nan talatiah dalam fiqih disabuik '''pakiah''' atau ''[[faqih]]'' (bantuak jamaknyo ''fuqaha'')&lt;ref&gt;Glasse, Cyril, ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'', Altamira, 2001, p. 141&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliografi ===
{{col|2}}
* Doi, Abd ar-Rahman I., and Clarke, Abdassamad (2008). ''Shari'ah: Islamic Law''. Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., (hardback)
* Cilardo, Agostino, &quot;Fiqh, History of&quot;, in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp.&amp;nbsp;201–206.
* {{cite book |last1=El-Gamal |first1=Mahmoud A. |title=Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2006 |url=http://iugc.yolasite.com/resources/Reference%20Book%2004%20-%20Islamic%20finance,%20law%20economics%20and%20practice,%20M.%20El%20Gamal.pdf |ref=MAEGIFLEP2006 |access-date=2019-05-17 |archive-date=2018-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403160351/http://iugc.yolasite.com/resources/Reference%20Book%2004%20-%20Islamic%20finance,%20law%20economics%20and%20practice,%20M.%20El%20Gamal.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
* {{Cite journal |ref=harv |journal=[[University of Pennsylvania Law Review]] |volume=136 |issue=4 |date=April 1988 |pages=1231–1261 |doi=10.2307/3312162 |author1=Gaudiosi, Monica M |title=The Influence of the Islamic Law of Waqf on the Development of the Trust in England_ The Case of Merton College |publisher=The University of Pennsylvania Law Review |jstor=3312162 |url=http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3909&amp;context=penn_law_review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605024325/https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3909&amp;context=penn_law_review |archive-date=2023-06-05 |access-date=2019-05-17 |dead-url=yes }}
* {{Cite book |ref=harv |last=Levy |first=Reuben |title=The Social Structure of Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/socialstructureo0000levy |location=UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1957 |isbn=978-0-521-09182-4}}
* {{Cite journal |ref=harv |last=Makdisi|first=John A.|title=The Islamic Origins of the Common Law |journal=[[North Carolina Law Review]] |date=June 1999 |volume=77 |issue=5 |pages=1635–1739}}
{{EndDiv}}

{{Hukum}}

[[Kategori:Hukum Islam]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Agustus 2019</title>
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      <text bytes="2274" sha1="p1t3ppggbmwoqvzy8dopfaxcs6cqs8r" xml:space="preserve">== Kajadian ==

=== 4 Agustus ===

* Sajumlah daerah di [[Pulau Jawa|Jawa]] maalami '''[[Pudua lampu Jawa 2019|pudua lampu]]''' sarantak. ([https://cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20190804123332-192-418175/warganet-keluhkan-mati-listrik-di-sejumlah-wilayah CNN Indonesia]) ([https://detik.com/finance/energi/d-4651586/laporan-pln-listrik-padam-hingga-ke-jateng Detik]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})

[[Berkas:Nasa brazil fires 20190820.jpg|jmpl|Citra satelit utan ujan Amazon|170x170px]]

=== 5 Agustus ===

* [[India]] mancabuik '''[[Pasal 370 Konstitusi India|status istimewa]]''' untuak [[Kashmir]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jammu.html (''The New York Times'')]

=== 19 Agustus ===

* '''[[Unjuak raso Papua jo Papua Barat 2019|Unjuak raso]]''' tajadi di [[Papua]] jo [[Papua Barat]]. ([https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190819115057-20-422626/demo-di-manokwari-tiga-polisi-di-papua-terluka CNN Indonesia]) ([https://republika.co.id/share/pwgqmg282 Republika])

=== 20 Agustus ===

* [[Institut Riset Antariksa Nasional]] Brasil maumumkan basonyo alah mandeteksi labiah dari 74.000 '''[[Kabakaran utan Brasil 2019|kabakaran di utan ujan Amazon]]''' sajak bulan Januari. [https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2019/08/24/as-eu-threatens-trade-retaliation-brazil-fights-amazon-fires.html (CNBC)] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/amazon-fires-troops-ready-1.5258906 (CBC)]

[[Berkas:NAC Jewellers Honors Olympic Silver Medalist PV Sindhu.jpg|jmpl|141x141px|PV Sindhu]]

=== 26 Agustus ===
* [[Pamarintah Indonesia]] mamutuihan ka mambangun '''[[ibu kota Indonesia|ibu kota nagara nan baru]]''' di wilayah administratif Kabupaten [[Penajam Paser Utara]]  &amp; Kabupaten [[Kutai Kartanegara]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201204121431/https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-4681152/resmi-jokowi-putuskan-ibu-kota-ri-pindah-ke-kaltim (Detik)]
* [[P. V. Sindhu]] ''(gambar)'' mamanangan '''[[Kajuaraan Dunia BWF 2019]]''', manjadikannyo urang India partamo nan mamanangan gala Dunia ko. [http://www.indiatimes.com/sports/rio-olympics/pv-sindhu-scripts-history-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-win-olympic-silver-medal-260281.html (Indiat Times)]

[[Kategori:Agustus]]
[[Kategori:2019]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Batu runciang</title>
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      <text bytes="3652" sha1="9gbg0vd9841o81gsy8fnwz2mdkdwozy" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Batu runcing 01.jpg|jmpl|Gapura batu runcing]]
Batu Runciang adolah tampek wisata yang ado di daerah Silungkang, kota Sawahlunto. Batu Runcing resmi dibuka pado Februari 2024.Pembiayaan pembangunan fasilitas Geosite Batu Runcing manalan anggaran Rp2,3 miliar. Sumber dananyo barasa dari dana alokasi khusus Kementerian Pariwisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hariansinggalang.co.id/berita/150813/batu-runcing-indahnya-fenomena-alam-berumur-300-juta-tahun-lalu|title=Batu Runcing, Indahnya Fenomena Alam Berumur 300 Juta Tahun Lalu|last=Eriandi|date=2024-03-12|website=Harian Singgalang|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lokasi jo akses ==
Talatak di Nagari Silungkang Oso, Kecamatan Silungkang, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat,  akses manuju ka Batu Runciang ko alah baaspal, tapi tetap paralu bahati-hati karano jalannyo bakelok dan mananjak.Mangunjuangi Batu Runciang ko  bisa ditampuah sakitar 3 jam dari Kota Padang dan kurang dari 1 jam dari Kota Sawahlunto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/pariwisata/2403090007/mengunjungi-geosite-batu-runcing-kota-sawahlunto|title=Mengunjungi Geosite Batu Runcing Kota Sawahlunto|last=Purtama|first=Adetio|date=2024-03-09|website=Padang Ekspres|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lata Balakang ==
Namo Batu Runciang barasa dari kato Minangkabau runciang, nan aratinyo tajam . Namo iko mancaminkan sifaik batu-batu, nan manampilkan pamukoan nan tajam jo bantuak nan indak taratur. Hamparan batu ko mambuek lanskap nan babeda dari objek wisata alam nan khas, manjadikannyo tampek nan populer untuak maambiak pamandangan jo maambiak foto. Bantuak-bantuak nan unik juo mangungkapkan baa proses geologis nan tajadi salamo bajuta-juta taun alah mambantuak lanskap nan samo manarik untuak dikaji sarupo untuak dinikmati sabagai tujuan wisata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padang.viva.co.id/ragaminang/10283-wisata-batu-runciang-sawahlunto-pesona-bebatuan-purba-yang-menyimpan-mitos-dan-legenda-kelam|title=Wisata Batu Runciang Sawahlunto, Pesona Bebatuan Purba yang Menyimpan Mitos dan Legenda Kelam|last=VIVA|first=PT VIVA MEDIA BARU-|date=2026-10-21|website=padang.viva.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah Singkek ==
Batu Runciang adolah daerah nan manampilkan formasi batuan kuno nan dipakiroan baumua sakitar 299 juta taun. Babagai panalitian manunjuakan baso situs iko mampunyoi ciri geologis nan takaik jo formasi karst jo bahan batuan lauik kuno nan alah mangalami transformasi sapanjang sajarah geologis. Garak lempeng tektonik, basamo jo proses pangangkatan jo parubahan pamukaan, dipacayo alah mambantuak lanskap sarupo nan tampak kini. Makna geologis ko maningkekan Batu Runciang malabihi tujuan wisata belaka; inyo bafungsi sabagai ruang pandidikan nan bapotensi untuak manjalajah sajarah panjang pambentukan Bumi. Di lua kaunikan alamnyo, Batu Runciang panuah jo carito-carito misterius carito-carito nan alah baredar di kalangan masyarakaik satampek jo muncua dalam babagai akun manganai pariwisata di Sumatera Barat. Salah satu tambo nan tanamo manyarankan baso daerah iko pernah bafungsi sabagai jalur transit bagi urang-urang nan marantau dari daerah pasisia manuju ka pedalaman Minangkabau. Manuruik tambo, babarapo musafir dirampok jo dibunuah di sapanjang jalur ko, jenazahnyo tatingga di antaro bukik-bukik nan babatu-batu.

== Gambar ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Berkas:Batu runcing 02.jpg|al=
Berkas:Batu runcing 03.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 04.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 05.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 06.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 07.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 25.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
[[Kategori:WikiJalajah 2.0]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3679" sha1="kxtm6991fycd22nlfhp25xw0otqvtaw" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Batu runcing 01.jpg|jmpl|Gapura batu runcing]]
Batu Runciang adolah tampek wisata yang ado di daerah Silungkang, kota Sawahlunto. Batu Runcing resmi dibuka pado Februari 2024.Pembiayaan pembangunan fasilitas Geosite Batu Runcing manalan anggaran Rp2,3 miliar. Sumber dananyo barasa dari dana alokasi khusus Kementerian Pariwisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hariansinggalang.co.id/berita/150813/batu-runcing-indahnya-fenomena-alam-berumur-300-juta-tahun-lalu|title=Batu Runcing, Indahnya Fenomena Alam Berumur 300 Juta Tahun Lalu|last=Eriandi|date=2024-03-12|website=Harian Singgalang|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lokasi jo akses ==
Talatak di Nagari Silungkang Oso, Kecamatan Silungkang, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat,  akses manuju ka Batu Runciang ko alah baaspal, tapi tetap paralu bahati-hati karano jalannyo bakelok dan mananjak.Mangunjuangi Batu Runciang ko  bisa ditampuah sakitar 3 jam dari Kota Padang dan kurang dari 1 jam dari Kota Sawahlunto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/pariwisata/2403090007/mengunjungi-geosite-batu-runcing-kota-sawahlunto|title=Mengunjungi Geosite Batu Runcing Kota Sawahlunto|last=Purtama|first=Adetio|date=2024-03-09|website=Padang Ekspres|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lata Balakang ==
Namo Batu Runciang barasa dari kato Minangkabau runciang, nan aratinyo tajam . Namo iko mancaminkan sifaik batu-batu, nan manampilkan pamukoan nan tajam jo bantuak nan indak taratur. Hamparan batu ko mambuek lanskap nan babeda dari objek wisata alam nan khas, manjadikannyo tampek nan populer untuak maambiak pamandangan jo maambiak foto. Bantuak-bantuak nan unik juo mangungkapkan baa proses geologis nan tajadi salamo bajuta-juta taun alah mambantuak lanskap nan samo manarik untuak dikaji sarupo untuak dinikmati sabagai tujuan wisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padang.viva.co.id/ragaminang/10283-wisata-batu-runciang-sawahlunto-pesona-bebatuan-purba-yang-menyimpan-mitos-dan-legenda-kelam|title=Wisata Batu Runciang Sawahlunto, Pesona Bebatuan Purba yang Menyimpan Mitos dan Legenda Kelam|last=VIVA|first=PT VIVA MEDIA BARU-|date=2026-10-21|website=padang.viva.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah Singkek ==
Batu Runciang adolah daerah nan manampilkan formasi batuan kuno nan dipakiroan baumua sakitar 299 juta taun. Babagai panalitian manunjuakan baso situs iko mampunyoi ciri geologis nan takaik jo formasi karst jo bahan batuan lauik kuno nan alah mangalami transformasi sapanjang sajarah geologis. Garak lempeng tektonik, basamo jo proses pangangkatan jo parubahan pamukaan, dipacayo alah mambantuak lanskap sarupo nan tampak kini. Makna geologis ko maningkekan Batu Runciang malabihi tujuan wisata belaka; inyo bafungsi sabagai ruang pandidikan nan bapotensi untuak manjalajah sajarah panjang pambentukan Bumi. Di lua kaunikan alamnyo, Batu Runciang panuah jo carito-carito misterius carito-carito nan alah baredar di kalangan masyarakaik satampek jo muncua dalam babagai akun manganai pariwisata di Sumatera Barat. Salah satu tambo nan tanamo manyarankan baso daerah iko pernah bafungsi sabagai jalur transit bagi urang-urang nan marantau dari daerah pasisia manuju ka pedalaman Minangkabau. Manuruik tambo, babarapo musafir dirampok jo dibunuah di sapanjang jalur ko, jenazahnyo tatingga di antaro bukik-bukik nan babatu-batu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Gambar ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Berkas:Batu runcing 02.jpg|al=
Berkas:Batu runcing 03.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 04.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 05.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 06.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 07.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 25.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
[[Kategori:WikiJalajah 2.0]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4458" sha1="tr8v5y6ol255zt6tcm4pvri74t5xq6w" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Batu runcing 01.jpg|jmpl|Gapura batu runcing]]
Batu Runciang adolah tampek wisata yang ado di daerah Silungkang, kota Sawahlunto. Batu Runcing resmi dibuka pado Februari 2024.Pembiayaan pembangunan fasilitas Geosite Batu Runcing manalan anggaran Rp2,3 miliar. Sumber dananyo barasa dari dana alokasi khusus Kementerian Pariwisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hariansinggalang.co.id/berita/150813/batu-runcing-indahnya-fenomena-alam-berumur-300-juta-tahun-lalu|title=Batu Runcing, Indahnya Fenomena Alam Berumur 300 Juta Tahun Lalu|last=Eriandi|date=2024-03-12|website=Harian Singgalang|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lokasi jo akses ==
Talatak di Nagari Silungkang Oso, Kecamatan Silungkang, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat,  akses manuju ka Batu Runciang ko alah baaspal, tapi tetap paralu bahati-hati karano jalannyo bakelok dan mananjak.Mangunjuangi Batu Runciang ko  bisa ditampuah sakitar 3 jam dari Kota Padang dan kurang dari 1 jam dari Kota Sawahlunto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/pariwisata/2403090007/mengunjungi-geosite-batu-runcing-kota-sawahlunto|title=Mengunjungi Geosite Batu Runcing Kota Sawahlunto|last=Purtama|first=Adetio|date=2024-03-09|website=Padang Ekspres|language=id|access-date=2026-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Untuak manuju ka puncak batu runciang indaklah sulik. Jalan masuak untuak bisa manuju ka puncak batu runciang ado di tapi jalan lintas Solok - Sawahlunto, dan puskesmas silungkanglah nan manjadi patokan jalan masuak ka puncak batu runciang.

Dari jalan masuak ka puncak batu runciang kiro-kiro bajarak 4 kilometer. Pangunjuang diarokan bahati-hati katiko malinteh di jalan iko karano jalannyo nan sampik dan berliku sahinggo bisa manyusahan pangamudi, tarutamo pangamudi oto. Masuak ka puncak batu runciang indak mambayia, pangunjuang hanyo mambayia pitih parkir masuak. Dari pintu masuak ka titiak dima pangunjuang bisa untuk mamanjek dipakiroan sajauah 500 meter. Satibo disitu, pangunjuang bisa mamiliah puncak batu runciang maa yang nio dipanjek untuk bisa bafoto tantunyo.

== Lata Balakang ==
Namo Batu Runciang barasa dari kato Minangkabau runciang, nan aratinyo tajam . Namo iko mancaminkan sifaik batu-batu, nan manampilkan pamukoan nan tajam jo bantuak nan indak taratur. Hamparan batu ko mambuek lanskap nan babeda dari objek wisata alam nan khas, manjadikannyo tampek nan populer untuak maambiak pamandangan jo maambiak foto. Bantuak-bantuak nan unik juo mangungkapkan baa proses geologis nan tajadi salamo bajuta-juta taun alah mambantuak lanskap nan samo manarik untuak dikaji sarupo untuak dinikmati sabagai tujuan wisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://padang.viva.co.id/ragaminang/10283-wisata-batu-runciang-sawahlunto-pesona-bebatuan-purba-yang-menyimpan-mitos-dan-legenda-kelam|title=Wisata Batu Runciang Sawahlunto, Pesona Bebatuan Purba yang Menyimpan Mitos dan Legenda Kelam|last=VIVA|first=PT VIVA MEDIA BARU-|date=2026-10-21|website=padang.viva.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah Singkek ==
Batu Runciang adolah daerah nan manampilkan formasi batuan kuno nan dipakiroan baumua sakitar 299 juta taun. Babagai panalitian manunjuakan baso situs iko mampunyoi ciri geologis nan takaik jo formasi karst jo bahan batuan lauik kuno nan alah mangalami transformasi sapanjang sajarah geologis. Garak lempeng tektonik, basamo jo proses pangangkatan jo parubahan pamukaan, dipacayo alah mambantuak lanskap sarupo nan tampak kini. Makna geologis ko maningkekan Batu Runciang malabihi tujuan wisata belaka; inyo bafungsi sabagai ruang pandidikan nan bapotensi untuak manjalajah sajarah panjang pambentukan Bumi. Di lua kaunikan alamnyo, Batu Runciang panuah jo carito-carito misterius carito-carito nan alah baredar di kalangan masyarakaik satampek jo muncua dalam babagai akun manganai pariwisata di Sumatera Barat. Salah satu tambo nan tanamo manyarankan baso daerah iko pernah bafungsi sabagai jalur transit bagi urang-urang nan marantau dari daerah pasisia manuju ka pedalaman Minangkabau. Manuruik tambo, babarapo musafir dirampok jo dibunuah di sapanjang jalur ko, jenazahnyo tatingga di antaro bukik-bukik nan babatu-batu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Gambar ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Berkas:Batu runcing 02.jpg|al=
Berkas:Batu runcing 03.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 04.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 05.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 06.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 07.jpg
Berkas:Batu runcing 25.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
[[Kategori:WikiJalajah 2.0]]</text>
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    <title>Aliyah Hamka</title>
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'''Aliyah Hamka''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|17|04|1947|[[Jakarta]]|15|7|2016}}) adolah Guru Gadang [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka]] dan puteri Prof.Dr. [[Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah]] atau Buya Hamka, Pahlawan Nasional.

Pado taun 2009-2014 dalam kapangurusan BP4 (Badan Penasihatan Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan) sabagai Bandahara Umum [[BP4]] Pusaik jo anggota Dewan Pakar/ Tim Ahli [[BP4]] Pusat periode 20014 - 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://bimasislam.kemenag.go.id/post/berita/menag-pendidikan-pra-nikah-perlu-dijadikan-gerakan-nasional- |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428092439/https://bimasislam.kemenag.go.id/post/berita/menag-pendidikan-pra-nikah-perlu-dijadikan-gerakan-nasional- |archive-date=2023-04-28 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pandidikan ==

* S1 [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka]].
* S2 jo S3 [[Universitas Padjadjaran]].

== Karajo ==

* Guru Besar di [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka]]
* Dosen di [[Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia]] [[Jakarta]] dan [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta]]
 
== Riwayaik organisasi ==

* Bandahara Umum [[BP4]] Pusat (2009-2014)
* Anggota Dewan Pakar/ Tim Ahli [[BP4]] Pusat (2014-2019)
* Anggota Pangurus Pusat Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah.
* Anggota IMWA (''International Moslem Women Association'').
* Anggota Kowani (Kongres Wanita Indonesia).
* Anggota [[Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak|Komnas PA (perlindungan anak)]].
* Anggota KOMWAS PBB (Koalisi Masyarakat untuk Pemerintahan Baik dan Bersih).
* Katua Pusat Studi Buya Hamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://uhamka.ac.id/profil/pimpinan-uhamka/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2016-03-08 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111902/http://uhamka.ac.id/profil/pimpinan-uhamka/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamka, Aliyah}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Muhammadiyah]]</text>
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|fossil_range={{long fossil range|Mesoproterozoic|saat ini|ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;butterfield&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=N. J. Butterfield |year=2000 |title=''Bangiomorpha pubescens'' n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes |journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=386–404 |url=http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/386 |doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026&lt;0386:BPNGNS&gt;2.0.CO;2 |issn=0094-8373}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|domain=[[Eukaryota]], [[Bacteria]]
|image=NSW seabed 1.JPG
|image_width=263px
|image_caption=Babagai macam alga tumbuah di dasegh lauik di aia dangkal
|includes=
* [[Archaeplastida]]
** [[Chlorophyta]] (alga hijau)
** [[Rhodophyta]] (alga sirah)
** [[Glaucophyta]]
** [[Charophyta]]
* [[Rhizaria]], [[Excavata]]
** [[Chlorarachniophyta]]
** [[Euglenid]]
* [[Chromista]], [[Alveolata]]
** [[Heterokonta]]
*** [[Bacillariophyceae]] (Diatom)
*** [[Axodine]]s
*** [[Bolidomonas]]
*** [[Eustigmatophyceae]]
*** [[Phaeophyceae]] (alga coklat)
*** [[Chrysophyceae]] (alga keemasan)
*** [[Raphidophyceae]]
*** [[Synurophyceae]]
*** [[Xanthophyceae]] (yellow-green algae)
** [[Cryptophyta]]
** [[Dinoflagellata]]
** [[Haptophyta]]
* [[Cyanobacteria]] (alga biru-hijau)
|excludes=
* [[Bacteria]] (non-fotosintetik)
* [[Protista]] (non-fotosintetik)
* [[Animalia]]
* [[Embryophyta]]
* [[Fungi]]}}

'''Alga''' adolah sakumpulan organisme [[autotrof]] maupun [[heterotrof]] (mixotrof) nan indak punyo organ dangan pambedo fungsi nan nyato. Sabagian bosegh barupo fototrof, iyolah mandapek makanan dangan bantuan [[foton]] (cahayo), tapi ado pulo nan mandapek nutrisi malalui kombinasi fototrof dangan osmotrof (mandapek nutrisi dangan osmosis), myzotrof (mandapek nutrisi dangan manghisok [[sel (biologi)|sel]] lain), [[Fagositosis|phagotrof]] (mandapek nutrisi dangan mamangsa partikel). Panggolongan alga sacaro tasandiri babedo dari tumbuahan basobok indak punyo &quot;[[organ]]&quot; ajak nan dipunyo [[tumbuahan]] ([[akar]], [[rangko]], [[daun]], dan sabagainyo). Bilo alga pernah digolongkan pulo sabagai [[tumbuahan]] ba[[talus]]. Alga marupokan jinih tanaman non-vaskuler nan malakukan [[fotosintesis]]. Alga punyo klorofil saroto punyo sistem [[reproduksi]] nan sederhana. Alga dapek dikalompokan manjadi 2 bagian, iyolah alga makro dan alga mikro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tampanguma, dkk.|first=|date=2017|title=Identifikasi Jenis Alga Koralin di Pulau Salawati, Waigeo Barat Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan Pantai Malalayang Kota Manado|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/124871-ID-identifikasi-jenis-alga-koralin-di-pulau.pdf|journal=Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis|volume=1|issue=1|pages=9|doi=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Istilah '''ganggang''' pernah dipakai dek alga, namun kini indak dianjurkan basobok dapek manyobabkan kakacauan arti dangan sajumlah tumbuahan nan hiduik di [[aia]] lainnyo, ajak ''[[Hydrilla]]''. 

Pado [[taksonomi]] nan banyak didukuang dek pakar biologi, alga indak lai dimasuakkan pado satu kalompok divisi atau kelas tasandiri, namun dipisah-pisahkan sasuai dangan fakta-fakta nan bamunculan kini ko. Dek biktu alga indaklah ciek dari kalompok takson tasandiri.

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
{{Commons category|Algae|Alga}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org |title=AlgaeBase|first=Michael and Wendy|last=Guiry}} – a database of all algal names including images, nomenclature, taxonomy, distribution, bibliography, uses, extracts
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007111512/http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/sand/main?stype=lite&amp;keyword=algae&amp;event=display&amp;Submit=Go&amp;start=1 Algae – Cell Centered Database]
* {{cite web|title=Algae Research|publisher=National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany|year=2008|url=http://botany.si.edu/projects/algae/|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081201013721/http://botany.si.edu/projects/algae/| archivedate= 1 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web| first=Don |last=Anderson |author2=Bruce Keafer|author3=Judy Kleindinst|author4=Katie Shaughnessy|author5=Katherine Joyce|author6=Danielle Fino|author7= Adam Shepherd |title=Harmful Algae|year=2007|publisher=US National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms|url=http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14779|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081205151336/http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=14779| archivedate= 5 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web|title=Australian Freshwater Algae (AFA)|publisher=Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW Botanic Gardens Trust|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/hot_science_topics/australian_freshwater_algae2|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230140015/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/hot_science_topics/australian_freshwater_algae2| archivedate= 30 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web|title=Freshwater Algae Research|publisher=Phycology Section, Patrick Center for Environmental Research|year=2011|url=http://diatom.ansp.org/|accessdate=17 December 2011|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906163851/http://diatom.ansp.org/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite web|title=Monterey Bay Flora|publisher=Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)|date=1996–2008|accessdate=20 December 2008|url=http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/flora/mflora.htm|archive-date=2009-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125102348/http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/flora/mflora.htm|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite web|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html|title= Index Nominum Algarum (INA)|first=Paul|last=Silva|date=1997–2004|publisher=University Herbarium, University of California|location=Berkeley|accessdate=19 December 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081223172950/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html| archivedate= 23 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
* [http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=52 Algae: Protists with Chloroplasts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614110917/http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=52 |date=2011-06-14 }}
* {{cite web|title=Research on microalgae|publisher=Wageningen UR|year=2009|url=http://www.algae.wur.nl/uk/|accessdate=18 May 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090424044729/http://www.algae.wur.nl/UK/| archivedate= 24 April 2009 | deadurl= no}}
* [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/glossaries/algae/index.html Algae glossary (Australian Biological Resources Study).]
* {{cite web|title=About Algae|publisher=Natural History Museum, United Kingdom|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/biodiversity/uk-biodiversity/algaevision/about-algae/index.html}}
* EnAlgae [http://www.enalgae.eu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904213844/http://www.enalgae.eu/ |date=2014-09-04 }}

{{tumbuahan-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Urang Kamang</username>
        <id>1673</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan */</comment>
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      <text bytes="51720" sha1="m9rajxro0bajyy3syoo6kym12n1msz6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dokter jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro aromaik dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dokter di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasehatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dokter medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasehatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Menteri Besar Kedah|Mantari Gadang Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kaoromatan ==
=== Tando kaoromatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
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[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dotor jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro hormat dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dotor di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasehatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dokter medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasehatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Menteri Besar Kedah|Mantari Gadang Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kaoromatan ==
=== Tando kaoromatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Dokter Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Minangkabau Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia katurunan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Kaluarga Mahathir Mohamad]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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      <text bytes="51716" sha1="c5oarcmo5bzv1hc3nn6yvc7pqugeyt2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dotor jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro hormat dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dotor di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasehatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dotor medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasehatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Menteri Besar Kedah|Mantari Gadang Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kaoromatan ==
=== Tando kaoromatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Dokter Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Minangkabau Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia katurunan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Kaluarga Mahathir Mohamad]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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      <text bytes="51716" sha1="m8rs5no987e4hjlmamga6l3vvjnvvit" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dotor jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro hormat dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dotor di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasehatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dotor medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasehatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Menteri Besar Kedah|Mantari Gadang Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Menteri Besar Selangor|Mantari Gadang Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kahormatan ==
=== Tando kahormatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Dokter Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Minangkabau Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia katurunan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Kaluarga Mahathir Mohamad]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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      <text bytes="51644" sha1="0u9evw1g6tploy5n28ejokx1tc89ka7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dotor jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro hormat dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dotor di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Mantari Basa Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasehatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dotor medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasehatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Mantari Basa Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Mantari Basa Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kahormatan ==
=== Tando kahormatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Dokter Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Minangkabau Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia katurunan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Kaluarga Mahathir Mohamad]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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      <text bytes="51644" sha1="8l35aynlv8ktcm3nr7aarntnxju59qn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix   = [[Gelar kehormatan Melayu|Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun]] [[Dokter|Dr.]]
| name               = Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali
| native_name        = {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|سيتي حسمه محمد علي}}}}
| honorific_suffix   =  SSM SSDK SPDK DUPN DUNM DA SMK (Kedah)
| image              = File:Siti Hasmah 2019.jpg
| image_size         = 220px
| caption            = Siti Hasmah pado taun 2019
| office             = [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label         = Manjabaik
| term_start         = 10 Mei 2018
| term_end           = 24 Februari 2020 &lt;br&gt; {{small|Pasangan Interim: 24 Februari – 1 Maret 2020}}
| monarch            = [[Muhammad V dari Kelantan|Muhammad V]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abdullah dari Pahang|Abdullah]]
| prime_minister     = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| predecessor        = [[Rosmah Mansor]]
| successor          = [[Noorainee Abdul Rahman]]
| monarch1           = [[Ahmad Shah dari Pahang|Ahmad Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iskandar dari Johor|Iskandar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah dari Perak|Azlan Shah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Ja'afar|Jaafar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salahuddin dari Selangor|Salahuddin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin|Sirajuddin]]
| term_label1        = Manjabaik
| term_start1        = 16 Juli 1981
| term_end1          = 30 Oktober 2003
| prime_minister1    = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor1       = [[Suhailah Noah]]
| successor1         = [[Endon Mahmood]]
| office2            = [[Pasangan Wakil Perdana Menteri Malaysia|Pasangan Wakial Pardano Mantari Malaysia]]
| term_label2        = Manjabaik
| term_start2        = 5 Maret 1976
| term_end2          = 16 Juli 1981
| 1blankname2        = Wakial Pardano Mantari
| 1namedata2         = Mahathir Mohamad
| predecessor2       = Suhailah Noah
| successor2         = Ines Maria Reyna
| office3            = [[Kanselir (pendidikan)|Kanselir]] [[Universitas Multimedia]]
| term_start3        = 20 Juni 1997
| term_end3          = 20 Juni 2012
| predecessor3       = 
| successor3         = 
| birth_name         = Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Klang]], Selangor, Federasi Malaya
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2026|9|28|1926|7|12|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
| occupation         = [[Dokter]], [[Pegawai negeri|Pagawai nagari]]
| alma_mater         = [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin|King Edward VII College of Medicine]] ([[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]])
| awards             = [[Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali#Tando kaoromatan|Daftar langkok]]
| citizenship        = Malaysia
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Mahathir Mohamad]]|1956}}
| children           = 7; tamasuak [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]] jo [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]]
| relatives          = [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah pays tribute to brother Ismail Ali, the first Malaysian Bank Negara governor |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/10/08/dr-siti-hasmah-pays-tribute-to-brother-ismail-ali-the-first-malaysian-bank/1680609 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt; [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] (sudaro laki-laki) &lt;br&gt; [[Saleha Mohd Ali]] (sudaro padusi)
| signature          = 
| party              = {{ubl|[[Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu|UMNO]] (?{{ndash}}2008, 2009{{ndash}}2016)|[[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia|BERSATU]] (2016{{ndash}}2026)}}
}}
'''Hasmah binti Mohamad Ali'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416142426/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{Lang|ms-Arab|حسمه بنت محمد علي|label=[[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]}}; {{lahirmati||12|7|1926||28|9|2026}}), umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Siti Hasmah''', iolah surang dotor jo pagawai nagari Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai [[Pasangan Perdana Menteri Malaysia|pasangan pardano mantari Malaysia]] dari 1981 inggo 2003 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020, sabagai istri dari [[Mahathir Mohamad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-30 |title=Don't forget Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1401662/don-t-forget-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-31 |title=Thanks also to Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1400614/thanks-also-to-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di Malaysia, Siti Hasmah sacaro hormat dikana sabagai ''Ibu Negara''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah named 'Ibu Negara' for contributions to country |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/22/dr-siti-hasmah-named-ibu-negara-for-contributions-to-country/1782906 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lahia di [[Klang]], Selangor, Siti Hasmah pernah manjadi kanselir [[Universitas Multimedia]]. Sabagai surang dotor di [[Kedah]], inyo sacaro aktif mampromosian kasehatan masyarakaik jo padusunan mangorganisir inisiatif untuak maningkekan kabarasihan, mandorong gaya iduik sehaik, sarato mambarian imunisasi untuak anak-anak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-12 |title=Siti Hasmah: 'Take care of your babies, take care of yourself' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487713/siti-hasmah-take-care-your-babies-take-care-yourself-nsttv |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaiduikan awal jo pandidikan ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali.jpg|thumb|180px|Poto maso mudo Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir]]
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad at his graduation in Singapore in 1953.jpg|180px|thumb]]
Siti Hasmah lahia pado 12 Juli 1926 di [[Klang]], Selangor, sabagai surang dotor (purnatugeh) katurunan [[Suku Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] dari Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Apak Siti Hasmah, Haji Mohd Ali, iolah surang pagawai pamarentah, samantaro mandenyo, Hajah Siti Khatijah binti Ahmad, iolah surang ibu rumah tanggo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt; Kaluarganyo marupokan parantau dari [[Koto Rajo, Rao Utara, Pasaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Zabidin Haji Ismail; Biografi Tokoh Rao, Sumbangan dan Jasa terhadap Pembangunan Malaysia; Persatuan Karyawan Perak, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah, anak kaanam dari sapuluah basudaro, barasa dari kaluarga tapandang nan mambarian kontribusi signifikan taadok pakambangan Malaysia. Uda laki-lakinyo, [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]], manjabaik sabagai Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] kaduo dari 1962 inggo 1980 sarato marupokan katua partamo [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]] (PNB). Sudaro laki-lakinyo nan lain, Jenderal (Purn) [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]], mamagang posisi Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] dari 1987 inggo 1992. Salain itu, sudaro laki-lakinyo Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali iolah [[Mantari Basa Selangor]] ka-10, dan uniangnyo, Saleha Mohd Ali, baporan dalam pandirian UMNO sarato marupokan tokoh takamuko dalam komunitas medis Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Wu Zhen |date=2018-05-14 |title=4 amazing things you might not have known about our First Lady: Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://cilisos.my/4-amazing-things-you-might-not-have-known-about-our-ex-first-ladytun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah basikola di [[Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. Mary, Kuala Lumpur|SMK St. Mary]]. Inyo mandapekan gala [[Sarjana Kedokteran dan Sarjana Bedah|MBBS]] dari [[Universitas Malaya]] di Singapura.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Biografi Wanita Malaysia |language=ms |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Pertubuhan Tindakan Wanita Islam (Malaysia)|oclc=559286367|page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah salah satu padusi Melayu partamo nan mandaftar kursus kadokteran di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura (kini [[Sekolah Kedokteran Yong Loo Lin]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AR |first=Zurairi |date=2018-07-12 |title=In birthday wish, Marina says Dr Siti Hasmah 'strong, steady hand' behind Dr M |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/12/in-birthday-wish-marina-says-dr-siti-hasmah-strong-steady-hand-behind-dr-m/1651465#google_vignette |access-date= |website=Malay Mail }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Terence |date=2020-09-20 |title=Discover the pioneer life of Tun Dr Siti Hasmah in a new children's book |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/09/20/discover-the-pioneer-life-of-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-in-a-new-children039s-book |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1955, inyo lulus sabagai dotor dari Fakultas Kadokteran Universiti Malaya, nan kutiko itu balokasi di Singapura. Inyo kudian bagabuang jo layanan kasehatan pamarentah. Inyo adolah salah satu dotor padusi [[Diaspora Minangkabau di Malaysia|Minangkabau]] partamo di [[Federasi Malaya|Malaya]] pado maso itu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Information Malaysia|publisher=Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd|year=1975|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah maraiah babarapo pancapaian partamo di Kamantarian Kasehatan, tamasuak manjadi padusi partamo di Malaysia nan manjabaik sabagai patugas medis di Departemen Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak pado taun 1965.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sharanjit |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dr M, wife conferred doctorate by Singapore alma mater |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/430648/dr-m-wife-conferred-doctorate-singapore-alma-mater |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 1966, inyo maikuik-i program sertifikat kasehatan masyarakaik di [[Sekolah Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Michigan|Sikola Kasehatan Masyarakaik]], [[Universitas Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=2012 |title=Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore|location=Kuala Lumpur }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1974, inyo adolah padusi partamo nan diangkek sabagai Patugas Kasehatan Ibu jo Anak Nagara Bagian di Kedah. Salamo maso jabatannyo, Siti Hasmah barasil manurunan angko kamatian bayi dari 75 per 1.000 manjadi hanyo 6 per 1.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-24 |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah |url=https://my-women.prestigeonline.com/women/tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Prestige Woman }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo panulih babarapo artikel tantang kadokteran kaluarga sarato faktor sosial ekonomi nan takaik jo kahamilan sarato pasalinan di Malaysia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Faculty of Dentistry |url=https://dentistry.um.edu.my/tun-siti-hasmah-professorial-chair |access-date= |website=dentistry.um.edu.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, Siti Hasmah pernah manjabaik sabagai dosen di Fakultas Kadokteran Gigi, [[Universitas Malaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah&quot;/&gt;

== Pasangan Pardano Mantari Malaysia ==
=== 1981–2003 ===
[[File:Elena Ceaușescu and Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali in 1982.jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah (kanan) basamo [[Elena Ceaușescu]] (kiri), bini dari [[Daftar kepala negara Rumania|kapalo nagara Rumania]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], salamo kunjuangan Elena ka Malaysia pado taun 1982.]]
Siti Hasmah manggunokan posisinyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari untuak mangadvokasi kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, jo literasi urang gadang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt; Inyo juo manjabaik babagai posisi sabagai barikuik:

* Presiden Pasatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Katua Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Kedah&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Yayasan Asosiasi Medis Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Presiden Asosiasi Rehabilitasi Anak Cacaik&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Wakial Presiden Federasi Asosiasi Kaluarga Barancano Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Kasehatan Ibu jo Neonatus Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;
* Palinduang Asosiasi Bulu Tangkis Malaysia (BAM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Pictorial Journey Tun Dr. Mahathir|year=2004|publisher=Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=967-61-1637-8 |pages=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8jnFk_zhOwC&amp;q=A%20Pictorial%20Journey%20Tun%20Dr.Mahathir&amp;pg=PP6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabagai Palinduang Asosiasi Wanita Pan Pasifik jo Asia Selatan (PPSEAWA) Malaysia, Siti Hasmah maadiri sarato manyampaian pidato utamo di Konferensi Trienial di [[Tokyo]] (1984), [[Bangkok]] (1991), jo [[Tonga]] (1994).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/pms-of-malaysia/tun-dr-mahathir-mohamad/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-bt-mohd-ali/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo pernah manjabaik sabagai Kanselir partamo [[Universitas Multimedia]] (MMU) salamo 15 taun, dari 1997 inggo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 93rd birthday... by playing the violin for charity |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-celebrates-93rd-birthday...-by-the-playing-the-violin-for-ch/1770871 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah mamainkan paran kunci dalam mambao Malaysia jo padusinyo ka kancah internasional. Inyo batamu sarato maadoan diskusi jo tokoh-tokoh takamuko, tamasuak [[Nancy Reagan]], bini [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Ronald Reagan]]; [[Rosalynn Carter]], bini Presiden AS [[Jimmy Carter]]; [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]]; [[Ratu Noor dari Yordania]]; [[Elizabeth II|Ratu Elizabeth II]] dari [[Britania Raya]]; jo [[Cherie Blair]], bini [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Tony Blair]], nan pernah badiskusi diplomatik jo inyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah VIP Lounge Official Opening |url=https://wimnet.org.my/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-vip-lounge-official-opening/ |access-date= |website=Women's Institute of Management }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan September 1995, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia ka Konferensi Dunia Kaampek PBB tantang Padusi di [[Beijing]], di mano inyo manyampaian pidato bajudua “Kasataroan, Pambangunan jo Padamaian: Dunia nan Paduli”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Happy 96th Birthday, Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2022/07/12/happy-96th-birthday-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Agustus 1999, surang laki-laki barusaho manabrak kandaraan pamarentah nan mambao Siti Hasmah, tapi dicegaik dek personel kaamanan dan akhirnyo ditangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-08-14 |title=Man tries to ram car carrying Mahathir's wife |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990814-1.2.37.6 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2000, Siti Hasmah mamimpin delegasi Malaysia dalam kunjuangan niaik baiak limo ari ka [[Irak]] untuak manilai dampak sanksi ekonomi taadok padusi jo anak-anak. Delegasi tasabuik mangunjuangi rumah sakik, panti asuahan, jo panti jompo, sambia mambaok pasokan medis pantiang. Salamo pajalanan itu, inyo batamu jo Wakial Pardano Mantari Irak [[Tariq Aziz]] sarato kudian diunduang untuak patamuan singkek jo Presiden [[Saddam Hussein]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=AISHAH |date=2019-07-12 |title=Happy sweet 93, Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503668/happy-sweet-93-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo kudian mangana baso patamuan itu dirahasioan inggo tajadi, bahkan dari tim kaamanannyo jo Mahathir, sarato baso salamo picakapan mareka, Saddam manyatoan tarimo kasih ka Malaysia ateh dukuangannyo dalam upayo mancabuik sanksi tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Fauziah Ismail and Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-13 |title='I didn't even tell security chief I was going to meet Saddam' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/05/487886/i-didnt-even-tell-security-chief-i-was-going-meet-saddam |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Oktober 2003, sabalun maso jabatannyo sabagai istri Pardano Mantari barakhia, Siti Hasmah mamimpin Dialog Ibu Negara tantang &quot;Padusi, Padamaian, jo Pambangunan&quot; salamo KTT [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) ka-10. Dialog ko bafokus pado paran padusi dalam pambangunan bangso, sarato resolusi 10 poin disarahan untuak mampromosian pambangunan bakalanjutan sarato kasataroan gender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-27 |title=A `heavier' agenda perhaps? |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/730919/a-heavier-agenda-perhaps- |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–2020 ===
[[File:Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali signing document witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad and Joko Widodo.jpg|thumb|Pado taun 2018, Siti Hasmah mandampingi Mahathir dalam kunjuangannyo ka [[Indonesia]] sarato batamu jo [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] jo bininyo [[Iriana Joko Widodo|Iriana]]]]
Siti Hasmah baliak manjabaik sabagai istri pardano mantari sasudah lakinyo diangkek baliak pado 10 Mei 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goh |first=Geraldine Tong &amp; Norman |date=2018-06-06 |title=M'sians can hold their heads high after May 9, says Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/428473 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kudian pado bulan November, inyo maluncuakan toko buku 24 jam partamo di Malaysia, BookXcess Cyberjaya, di mano inyo manandotangani plakat nan batulisan: ‘Surang pajuang buku jo urang nan sangaik picayo pado kakuatan mambaco’.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/siti-hasmah-launches-nations-first-24hour-bookstore |access-date= |website=The Edge Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2018-11-09 |title=Siti Hasmah launches nation's first 24-hour bookstore |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/451085 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakitar wakatu nan samo, video Siti Hasmah mamintak izin kapado [[Perdana Menteri Pakistan]] [[Imran Khan]] untuak mamagang tangannyo manjadi viral, nan mano komentator manggambaran momen tasabuik manyagaran sarato malampaui diplomasi konvensional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-11-27 |title=Malaysian PM Mahathir's wife holds Pakistan PM Khan's hand, winning hearts and tickling netizens |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathirs-wife-holds-pakistan-pm-khans-hand-winning-hearts-and-tickling |access-date= |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kontribusi sosial ==

=== Panyalahgunoan narkoba ===
Sabagai Presiden BAKTI (Badan Amal Kebajikan Tenaga Isteri-isteri/Klub Kasajahtaroan Istri Mantari jo Wakial Mantari), Siti Hasmah sacaro aktif bapartisipasi dalam inisiatif untuak maningkekan kasadaran di kalangan anak mudo tantang bahayo panyalahgunoan narkoba. Pado taun 1985, inyo manarimo unduangan dari [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] [[Nancy Reagan]] untuak maadiri Konferensi Ibu Negara tantang Panyalahgunoan Narkoba di [[Washington, D.C.]] Duo taun kudian, pado taun 1987, inyo mawakili Malaysia pado Konferensi Internasional tantang Panyalahgunoan jo Paredaran Galok Narkoba di [[Wina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah a model for women |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story?page=2&amp;keywords_op=textAll&amp;keywords=%20Siti%20Hasmah&amp;publication_date=custom&amp;pub_date_start=1992-07-01&amp;pub_date_end=2003-11-04&amp;publication_title=2977 |website=New Straits Times}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Padusi padusunan ===
Siti Hasmah juo aktif di tingkek internasional dalam mampromosian hak-hak [[perempuan pedesaan|padusi padusunan]]. Pado taun 1992, ateh unduangan [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragón|Ratu Fabiola dari Belgia]], inyo maadiri KTT Ibu Negara untuak Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan di [[Jenewa]]. Inyo tapiliah sabagai salah satu dari anam Inisiator Kalompok Inti Ibu Negara nan mawakili Kawasan Asia-Pasifik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

Pado bulan Februari 1994, Siti Hasmah bapartisipasi dalam Patamuan Dewan ISC nan diadoan di [[Brussel]]. Taun barikuiknyo, pado bulan September 1995, inyo ditunjuak sabagai Katua Komite Pangarah Regional tantang Kamajuan Ekonomi Padusi Padusunan jo Kapulauan untuak wilayah Asia-Pasifik. Pado bulan November 1996, inyo maambiak paran sabagai presiden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali&quot;/&gt;

=== Kasihatan mental ===
Balata balakang pandidikan sabagai dotor medis, Siti Hasmah juo mampunyoi minaik pado kasihatan mental. Mantan [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]], [[Rosalynn Carter]] maunduang Siti Hasmah untuak bagabuang dalam Komite Nasional Federasi Dunia untuak Kasehatan Mental nan dikatuai Carter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Bt Mohd Ali&quot;/&gt;

== Kaiduikan paribadi ==
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad &amp; Siti Hasmah.webp|thumb|Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir sasudah inyo baduo manikah pado Agustus 1956]]
[[File:DSC 0462 (2652962350).jpg|thumb|right|Siti Hasmah (tangah) taliek basamo lakinyo, Mahathir, salamo kunjuangan di [[Bukit Merah, Perak]]]]
[[File:PLF Book Launch &amp; Special Dialogue with Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad (9).jpg|thumb|Siti Hasmah maadiri Paluncuran Buku PLF sarato Dialog Khusus, Mei 2025]]
Pado 5 Agustus 1956, Siti Hasmah manikah jo Mahathir Mohamad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956-08-06 |title=Seven-year romance |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19560806-1.2.90 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo baduo mampunyoi tujuah anak: [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], Mirzan, Melinda, [[Mokhzani Mahathir|Mokhzani]], [[Mukhriz Mahathir|Mukhriz]], Maizura, jo Mazhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siti Hasmah personal life&quot;/&gt; Inyo batamu sabagai mahasiswa katiko baraja di King Edward VII College of Medicine di Singapura pado taun 1947.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Marina Mahathir celebrates parents' 64th wedding anniversary in a heartfelt Facebook post |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/marina-mahathir-celebrates-parents-64th-wedding-anniversary-heartfelt-facebook-post |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anak laki-lakinyo, Mukhriz, manjabaik duo kali sabagai [[Mantari Basa Kedah]], dari 2013 inggo 2016 sarato baliak manjabaik dari 2018 inggo 2020. Sabagian gadang dunsanak kanduangnyo lah mamagang paran pantiang dalam bidang ekonomi, militer, jo politik di nagara tasabuik, cando uda laki-lakinyo [[Ismail Mohamad Ali]] nan marupokan Gubernur [[Bank Negara Malaysia]] ka-2, [[Mohamed Hashim Mohamad Ali]] Panglimo [[Angkatan Tentara Malaysia]] ka-9, sarato [[Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali]] [[Mantari Basa Selangor]] ka-11.

Dalam memoar Siti Hasmah taun 2016, ''My Name is Hasmah'', inyo manggambaran Mahathir sabagai 'pahlawannyo' nan mandukuangnyo salamo maso studinyo, utamonyo katiko inyo kasulitan jo Fisika sarato Kimia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Mahathir's wife Siti Hasmah has mixed feelings about his return to politics, but will stand by her man |url=https://www.todayonline.com/malaysian-ge/mahathirs-wife-siti-hasmah-has-mixed-feelings-about-his-return-politics-will-stand-her |access-date= |website=TODAY }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo manyabuik Mahathir sabagai 'bujang dari Nagari Sawah Padi', juluakan nan manonjolkan asa-usuanyo dari Kedah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-10 |title=On Dr M's 90th birthday, Siti Hasmah wishes to 'see his fight end' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/07/10/on-dr-ms-90th-birthday-siti-hasmah-wishes-to-see-his-fight-end/930735 |access-date= |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah adolah surang pancinto kuciang jo panggama musik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=Intan Maizura Ahmad |date=2022-02-13 |title=Being Siti Hasmah: Malaysia's former first lady's rare insights on what makes her tick! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2022/02/770978/being-siti-hasmah-malaysias-former-first-ladys-rare-insights |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo mulai baraja biola pado umua 16 taun tapi baranti sasudah babarapo taun, lalu mulai bamain baliak labiah dari 70 taun kudian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=Fauziah |last2=Jay |first2=Beatrice Nita |date=2019-05-26 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Mohamed Ali shows one can master the violin at any age! |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2019/05/491440/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-mohamed-ali-shows-one-can-master-violin-any |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2018, biolanyo dilelang saharago RM35.000 untuak mandukuang kampanye [[Pakatan Harapan]] pado [[Pemilihan umum Malaysia 2018|Pamiliahan Umum ka-14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Happy 95th, Tun Dr Siti! |url=https://www.perdana.org.my/blog/2021/07/12/happy-95th-tun-dr-siti/ |access-date= |website=Perdana Leadership Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt; Salain itu, di umua 70-an, inyo mandedikasian dirinyo untuak baraja [[bahasa Prancis|bahaso Prancis]] sarato barasil lulus ujian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Au |first=Rachel |date=2018-05-24 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah: 7 Things to know and what makes Malaysians love her |url=https://www.buro247.my/lifestyle/news/tun-dr-siti-hasmah-7-things-to-know-and-what-makes.html |access-date= |website=BURO. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember 2015, Siti Hasmah baraja mamainkan instrumen baru, iyolah erhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FMT |date=2016-07-12 |title=Happy 90th birthday, Mummy |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2016/07/12/happy-90th-birthday-mummy/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah acok manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasmi jo liburan, dimulai jo pajalanan partamo mareka ka [[Jepang]] pado taun 1961. Salamo bataun-taun, inyo lah malakuan pajalanan ka ampiang satiok nagara, tamasuak pulau-pulau tapancia jo [[Antarktika]], jo [[Afganistan]] sabagai satu-satunyo pangacualian. Jepang tatap manjadi tujuan liburan favorit mareka. Siti Hasmah pernah manyabuik baso inyo manonton ''[[Star Wars]]'' basamo Mahathir di [[Houston]], AS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=An intimate moment with Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/02/15/an-intimate-moment-with-dr-siti-hasmah/#google_vignette |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indak saroman banyak [[Perempuan dalam Islam|padusi Muslim]] Malaysia nan maikuik-i tradisi mamakai ''[[Kerudung|tuduang]]'', Siti Hasmah indak mamakainyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-11-24 |title=Dr Mahathir forbade me from wearing hijab, says Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/24349 |access-date= |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; Namun, pado bulan Maret 2025, inyo taliek mangenakan tuduang katiko maadiri acara babuko puaso nan disalanggaroan dek Organisasi Kasajahtaroan Islam Malaysia (Perkim), manariak paratian publik dek karano panampilan langkanyo bahijab di muko umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FAUZI |first=AMAL HAYATI |date=2025-03-16 |title=[VIDEO] ‘Hampir tak kenal, cantiknya Tun Dr. Hasmah pakai tudung’ |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2025/03/16/video-hampir-tak-kenal-cantiknya-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-pakai-tudung/ |access-date= |website=Kosmo Digital |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado bulan Maret 2019, Siti Hasmah manjalani operasi untuak maangkek benjolan ketek di payudaro kirinyo sasudah mamogram jo biopsi mangonfirmasi kabaradoannyo. Sasudah puliah, inyo babagi pangalamannyo manjalani pangobatan kanker payudaro salamo Kampanye Kasadaran Kanker Payudaro tingkek Kuala Lumpur, mandasak para padusi untuak mamprioritasan pamariksoan sarato pangobatan dini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-10-15 |title=Siti Hasmah, the breast cancer survivor |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/496017 |access-date= |website=Malaysiakini}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Siti Hasmah reveals successful breast cancer treatment |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917031946/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-reveals-successful-breast-cancer-treatment-CD1489703 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 26 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dirawaik di Prince Court Medical Centre dek karano [[Penyakit bawaan makanan|karacunan makanan]] ringan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/1784471 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=2019-08-26 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah down with food poisoning |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/08/26/dr-siti-hasmah-down-with-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo alah dijadwalan untuak manamani Mahathir dalam kunjuangan rasminyo salamo tigo ari ka [[Vietnam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismayatim |first=Wan Faizal |date=2019-08-29 |title=PM: Find out what caused KLIA glitch |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/516889/pm-find-out-what-caused-klia-glitch |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Katiko barado di [[Hanoi]], Mahathir mayakinan para wartawan baso kondisinyo lah mambaiak sarato manyatoan niaiknyo untuak manjanguaknyo sasudah baliak ka Kuala Lumpur, jo mangatoan, “Ambo marinduannyo… kami lah manikah salamo 60 taun.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BP 3 |date=2019-08-28 |title=Mahathir says wife has recovered from food poisoning |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/28/mahathir-says-wife-has-recovered-from-food-poisoning/ |access-date= |website=Borneo Post Online }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sasudah tigo ari parawatan, Siti Hasmah kalua dari rumah sakik pado 29 Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah discharged from hospital |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/08/29/dr-siti-hasmah-discharged-from-hospital/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 Oktober 2024, Siti Hasmah maungkapkan dalam sabuah wawancara di podcast ''Coffee with Ryan'' baso namo aslinyo indak manyaratokan &quot;Siti&quot;. Inyo manjalehan baso awalan tu ditambahan pado taun 1970-an katiko inyo diangkek sabagai patugas medis, karano &quot;Siti&quot; marupokan tren populer pado maso itu. Inyo mamintak supayo urang-urang indak lai manggunokan &quot;Siti&quot; di muko namonyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title='My name is just Hasmah, not Siti Hasmah' |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/10/27/039my-name-is-just-hasmah-not-siti-hasmah039 |access-date= |website=The Star }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siti Hasmah juo marupokan panasihat kaoromatan Perdana Global Peace Foundation (PGPF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-22 |title=Malaysia all for peacekeeping, says Tun Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/04/22/malaysia-all-for-peacekeeping-says-tun-dr-siti-hasmah/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kamatian ===
Pado 12 Juli 2026, Siti Hasmah [[Centenarian|baumua 100 taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2026-07-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah at 100: a Malaysian Malaysia loves |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2026/07/12/dr-siti-hasmah-at-100-malaysias-favourite-first-lady |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maningga dunia duo bulan kudian pado 28 September 2026 di [[Institut Jantung Negara]] di Kuala Lumpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-09-28 |title=Tun Dr Siti Hasmah passes away at 100 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/28/siti-hasmah-passes-away-at-100 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tando kahormatan ==
=== Tando kahormatan Malaysia ===
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}
** [[File:Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - SSM.svg|50px]] Seri Setia Mahkota (SSM) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia]] – '''Tun''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-11-01 |title=Dr Mahathir, Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Tun title |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1394930/dr-mahathir-dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-tun-title |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
** [[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara - Officer (K.M.N.).svg|50px]] Kesatria Mangku Negara (KMN) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara]] (1975)&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929181530/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|archive-date=29 September 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|publisher=[[Departemen Perdana Menteri (Malaysia)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Kedah}}
** [[File:MY-KED Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah - Knight Grand Companion (SSDK).svg|50px]] Darjah Seri Setia Diraja Kedah (SSDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Diraja Kedah]] – '''Dato' Seri''' (1983)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=18 July 1983|title=Dr. Hasmah terima kurnia Sultan Kedah|language=ms|url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/0027/UtusanMalaysia%5B18Jul1983%5BDasukSri.Dr.HasmahTerimaKurniaSultanKedah.pdf|access-date=15 April 2021|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|publisher=[[Perdana Leadership Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED_Exalted_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Kedah_-_Companion_(SMK).svg|50px]] Setia Mahkota Kedah (SMK) dari [[Darjah Yang Mulia Mahkota Kedah]] (1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19710120-1.2.25|title=114ra'ayat di-beri gelaran dan pingat|date=20 January 1971|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[File:MY-KED State of Kedah Distinguished Service Star or Medal (BCK - PCK).svg|50px]] Bintang Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Negeri Kedah (PCK)
* {{Flag|Melaka}}
** [[File:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Negeri Melaka (DUNM) dari [[Darjah Seri Melaka]] – '''Datuk Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-10-11 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah heads Malacca list |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1397512/dr-siti-hasmah-heads-malacca-list |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pulau Pinang}}
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Darjah Utama Pangkuan Negeri (DUPN) dari [[Darjah Pangkuan Negeri]] – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2003 |title=Siti Hasmah heads Penang list |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119094938/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/12/siti-hasmah-heads-penang-list |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date= |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-08 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1403165/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sabah}}
** [[File:MY-SAB Order of Kinabalu - SPDK.svg|50px]] Seri Panglima Darjah Kinabalu (SPDK) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu]] – '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JoWAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=panglima+darjah+kinabalu&amp;article_id=2185,2306866|title=Anwar heads birthday honours list of 2,025 recipients|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=16 September 1994|pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Sarawak}}
** [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 2. Knight Commander (DA).svg|50px]] Datuk Amar Bintang Kenyalang (DA) dari [[Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak]] – '''Datuk Amar''' (1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-09-09 |title=Sarawak honours Siti Hasmah, Chong Eu|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1238037/sarawak-honours-siti-hasmah-chong-eu |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Selangor}}
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Grand Commander - SPMS.svg|50px]] Seri Paduka Mahkota Selangor (SPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka Seri'''&lt;/s&gt; (1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SPMS 1994|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=19&amp;subcat=S.P.M.S.|access-date=8 December 2021|website=awards.selangor.gov.my}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;)
** &lt;s&gt;[[File:MY-SEL Order of the Crown of Selangor - Knight Commander - DPMS.svg|50px]] Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (DPMS) dari [[Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia]] – '''Datin Paduka'''&lt;/s&gt; (1983,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DPMS 1983|url=https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=29&amp;subcat=D.P.M.S.|website=awards.selangor.gov.my|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''dikambalian pado 2017''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Istana Selangor sahkan Tun M pulangkan darjah kebesaran|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/12/362264/bhplus|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[Berita Harian (Malaysia)|Berita Harian]]|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2017|title=Selangor Royal Council confirms Mahathir has returned royal awards|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225095243/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/selangor-royal-council-confirms-mahathir-has-returned-royal-awards-KUARCH511297|archive-date=25 December 2018|access-date=15 April 2021|website=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== Pangharagoan jo pangakuan ==
Ateh palayanan publik, karajo sukarela, sarato kapamimpinannyo saumua iduik di bidang kasehatan masyarakaik, literasi, jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, Siti Hasmah lah manarimo babagai pangharagoan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Hashini Kavishtri |date=2019-07-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah gets Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in health sector |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/504912/dr-siti-hasmah-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-her-work-health-sector |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Januari 1988, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Kazue McLaren dek Konsorsium Asia Pasifik untuak Kasehatan Masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1988-01-22 |title=Dr M's wife receives award |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19880122-1.2.24.5 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 1991, [[Universitas Nasional Malaysia|Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam ilmu kadokteran, diikuik-i dek Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Kasehatan Masyarakaik dari Royal College of Physicians, Irlandia pado taun 1992.

Pado taun 1994, inyo manarimo duo gala doktor kaoromatan: Gala Doktor Kaoromatan dalam Sastra Kamanusiaan dari [[Universitas Indiana Bloomington]] pado bulan Mei sarato Gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Hukum dari [[Universitas Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]] pado bulan Agustus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-05-09 |title=Siti Hasmah gets honorary doctorate in US |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/858465/siti-hasmah-gets-honorary-doctorate-in-us |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-08-18 |title=Siti Hasmah receives doctorate |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/840624/siti-hasmah-receives-doctorate |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Agustus 1995, Siti Hasmah manarimo gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Pandidikan dari [[Universitas Malaya]] ateh kontribusinyo nan gadang sarato indak anti-antinyo dalam mampajuangkan hak-hak padusi di nagara tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-08-19 |title=Honorary doctorate for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1243785/honorary-doctorate-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 8 Juli 1996, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Prestasi Pediatri jo Kasehatan Anak Takamuko dek Asosiasi Pediatri Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1996-07-09 |title=Siti Hasmah receives MPA award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1311871/siti-hasmah-receives-mpa-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Agustus 2002, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan ''Companion of Honour'' dek Asosiasi Institut Pamasaran Bartauliah Malaysia, manjakiannyo padusi partamo nan manarimo pangharagoan tasabuik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-08-16 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah conferred Companion of Honour award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1440061/dr-siti-hasmah-conferred-companion-of-honour-award |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 28 Agustus 2003, [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (Unimas) maanugerahi Siti Hasmah gala Doktor Kaoromatan di bidang Sains sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusi signifikannyo bagi bangso, utamonyo dalam parawatan kasehatan padusunan sarato pamberdayaan padusi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-08-29 |title=Unimas honours Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1408594/unimas-honours-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Januari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Filsafat dalam Pakarajoan Sosial, samantaro lakinyo, Mahathir, manarimo Gala Kaoromatan Doktor Sastra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-01-16 |title=Honorary IIUM doctorates for Dr Mahathir and Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1388509/honorary-iium-doctorates-for-dr-mahathir-and-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 14 Februari 2004, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Fellow Intan 2003 sabagai pangakuan ateh dedikasinyo taadok pambangunan nasional jo masyarakaik salamo labiah dari duo dekade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-15 |title=Siti Hasmah receives Intan award for service to nation |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1826424/siti-hasmah-receives-intan-award-for-service-to-nation |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 20 Juni 2004, Siti Hasmah manarimo pangakuan nan layak ateh kontribusinyo pado ulahrago Malaysia katiko Dewan Olimpiade Malaysia mambarinyo Pangharagoan Padusi jo Ulahrago taun 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-21 |title=Siti Hasmah wins award |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4014161/siti-hasmah-wins-award |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 27 April 2005, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi sabagai Ibu Idola dek parusahaan kosmetik internasional Avon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Siti Hasmah named Avon's 'Ideal Mother'|url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4095035/siti-hasmah-named-avon-s-ideal-mother- |access-date= |website=The Malay Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-04-28 |title=Avon's ideal mother |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1683689/avon-s-ideal-mother |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 15 Mei 2006, Siti Hasmah mandapek kajuikan manyanangan katiko manarimo Pangharagoan Hixson Fellowship, pangakuan tatinggi nan dibarian dek Yayasan Internasional Kiwanis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-05-16 |title=Kiwanis award surprise for Dr Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1638387/kiwanis-award-surprise-for-dr-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 3 Oktober 2009, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi gala doktor kaoromatan dek [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM) ateh kontribusinyo taadok pambangunan nasional, samantaro Mahathir manarimo panghormatan nan samo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-10-04 |title=Honorary doctorates for Dr M, wife |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/4725027/honorary-doctorates-for-dr-m-wife |access-date= |website=New Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 7 Oktober 2018, [[Universitas Perdana]] maanugerahinyo Gala Doktor Kaoromatan Filsafat ateh kontribusinyo pado pambangunan padusi jo masyarakaik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2018|access-date=23 August 2019|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|title=Education is a lifetime job, says Dr Mahathir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162121/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/10/418780/education-lifetime-job-says-dr-mahathir|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 13 November 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi Pangharagoan Layanan Alumni Takamuko dek [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] (NUS), nan mangakuinyo sabagai “ikon global untuak mamalopori sarato mainspirasi padusi di saluruah dunia”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah hailed as icon for women |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/11/14/dr-siti-hasmah-hailed-as-icon-for-women/ |access-date= |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado maso nan samo, [[Singapura]] manamoi hibrida anggrek, &quot;Dendrobium Mahathir Siti Hasmah&quot;, untuak manghormati kunjuangan rasmi Siti Hasmah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Singapore names reddish-brown, purple orchid after Dr M, wife |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/11/12/singapore-names-reddish-brown-purple-orchid-after-dr-m-wife/1692533 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 29 Desember 2018, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Tokoh Srikandi Negara pado sidang umum [[Partai Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia]] (Bersatu) sabagai pangakuan ateh kontribusinyo taadok kasuksesan katua partai Mahathir. Inyo marupokan panarimo partamo pangharagoan ko, nan diwakili pambiakkannyo dek anaknyo, [[Mukhriz Mahathir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=NSTP |date=2018-12-29 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah receives Tokoh Srikandi Negara award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/445160/dr-siti-hasmah-receives-tokoh-srikandi-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 16 Juli 2019, inyo dianugerahi Pangharagoan Pangabdian Saumua Iduik di Pangharagoan Pangambangan Sumber Dayo Manusia Asia ateh kontribusinyo pado sektor kasehatan masyarakaik Malaysia, utamonyo kapamimpinannyo di organisasi medis jo sosial, sarato upayonyo dalam literasi jo pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=JOSEPH KAOS |date=2019-07-16 |title=Tun Siti Hasmah receives Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/tun-siti-hasmah-receives-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 21 Agustus 2019, Siti Hasmah dianugerahi pangharagoan Ibu Negara dek Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI) ateh kontribusinyo dalam pambangunan bangso, kasehatan padusi, kaluarga barancano, pangandalian panyalahgunoan narkoba, sarato pasatuan nasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajvinder |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah honoured with ‘Ibu Negara’ award |url=https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |access-date= |website=thesun.my |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925171430/https://thesun.my/malaysia-news/siti-hasmah-honoured-with-ibu-negara-award-AJ1290615 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2019-08-22 |title=Siti Hasmah receives 'Ibu Negara' award |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/08/514874/siti-hasmah-receives-ibu-negara-award |access-date= |website=NST Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado 18 Desember 2020, inyo dianugerahi Nona Superwoman Award 2020 dek majalah ''Nona'', sabagai pangakuan ateh dampaknyo sabagai sosok padusi nan inspiratif.&lt;ref name=&quot;nona&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Norzalina |date=2020-12-21 |title=Pencinta Kucing Muzik Tun Dr Siti Hasmah Dedah Rahsia Penyayang! |url=https://www.nona.my/pencinta-kucing-muzik-tun-dr-siti-hasmah-dedah-rahsia-penyayang |access-date= |website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]] |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nona.my/malam-gala-nona-superwoman-2020-raikan-kejayaan-wanita-pencetus-inspirasi/|title=NONA SUPERWOMAN 2020 Raikan Kejayaan Wanita Pencetus Inspirasi|date=21 December 2020|website=[[Nona (majalah)|Nona]]|author=Rosmah Idayu|language=ms|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain itu, Yayasan AIDS Malaysia mandirian Pangharagoan Dr Siti Hasmah pado taun 1996 untuak mambarian pangakuan kapado individu jo organisasi nan karyanyo lah mambarian dampak signifikan pado kasadaran sarato pancegahan HIV/AIDS di Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=The Dr Siti Hasmah Award 2004 |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/726625/the-dr-siti-hasmah-award-2004 |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Maret 2004, Institut Panalitian jo Pangambangan Patanian Malaysia (Mardi) mampakanalkan hibrida anggrek baru nan dinamoi untuak manghormati Siti Hasmah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-03-10 |title=Mardi names new orchid hybrid after Siti Hasmah |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1384464/mardi-names-new-orchid-hybrid-after-siti-hasmah |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalam budayo populer ==
Siti Hasmah alah diparankan dalam teater, dokumenter, sarato film. Inyo diparankan dek [[Erra Fazira]] dalam teater musikal ''[[Mahathir, the Musical]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/143381 |title=Mahathir musical destined for greatness? |work=Malaysiakini |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalam ''[[Teater Tun Siti Hasmah]]'' (2012), inyo diparankan dek Datin Sofia Jane jo [[Lisa Surihani]]. Sandiwara ko, nan dipentasan di [[Istana Budaya]], maikuik-i kaiduikan Siti Hasmah, jo ciek aktris mamarankan maso mudonyo, nan ciek lai mamarankannyo sasudah manikah jo Mahathir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/09/08/sofia-and-lisa-to-play-dr-siti-hasmah |title=Sofia and Lisa to play Dr Siti Hasmah |author=Revathi Murugappan |work=The Star |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=28 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo muncua dalam ciek episode ''[[Upin &amp; Ipin]]'' basamo lakinyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] pado taun 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Mantan PM Malaysia Pernah Nongol di Serial Upin Ipin: Geleng Kepala |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20240705150314-106-1118003/mantan-pm-malaysia-pernah-nongol-di-serial-upin-ipin-geleng-kepala |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inyo juo diparankan dalam duo film—dek Fadhilah Mansor dalam ''Kapsul'' (2015) sarato dek [[Fauziah Latiff]] dalam ''Mahathir: The Journey'' (2022 atau 2023), karano film tasabuik diambiak pado taun 2019 sarato awal 2020 sabalun balakunyo [[Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020|Parintah Kawalan Pagarakan]] sarato [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Malaysia]].

== Publikasi ==
* ''My Name is Hasmah''. Karangkraf Group, 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=Dr Siti Hasmah celebrates 90 years with biography |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/06/30/siti-hasmah-celebrates-90-years-with-biography/1152207 |access-date= |website=www.malaymail.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Speaking of Mass Destruction'', 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yusof |first=Teh Athira |date=2021-12-05 |title=Scenes in Iraq 'have haunted me since' |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/12/751458/scenes-iraq-have-haunted-me |access-date= |website=NST Online }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua ==
{{commons category|Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Dokter Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Minangkabau Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Malaysia katurunan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Kaluarga Mahathir Mohamad]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Malaya]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Nasional Singapura]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan di Kabupaten Purbalingga</title>
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      <text bytes="16565" sha1="hq2p5rt5j8octkg5fjzla2rdzf2e4g6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
Berkas:Seal of Purbalingga Regency.svg|Lambang Kabupaten Purbalingga
Berkas:Locator kabupaten purbalingga.png|Peta Kabupaten Purbalingga di Jawa Tengah
Berkas:Indonesia Purbalingga Regency location map.svg|Peta kecamatan di Kabupaten Purbalingga
&lt;/gallery&gt;Barikuik adolah '''daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan/desa di Kabupaten Purbalingga''', Provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;Kabupaten Purbalingga tadiri dari 18 kecamatan, 15 kelurahan, jo 224 desa. Pado tahun 2017, jumlah panduduaknyo mancapai 953.304 urang dengan laweh wilayah 677,55 km² dan sebaran panduduak 1.406 urang/km².&lt;ref name=&quot;Permendagri-137-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017|title=Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan|publisher=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up|archive-date=29 Desember 2018|access-date=3 Oktober 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Permendagri-72-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf|title=Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan|publisher=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019|archive-date=25 Oktober 2019|access-date=15 Januari 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan di Kabupaten Purbalingga, adolah sabagai barikuik:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
!Kode &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kemendagri
!Kecamatan
!Jumlah &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kelurahan
!Jumlah &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desa
!Status
!Daftar &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desa/Kelurahan
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.09
|Bobotsari
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |16
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Banjarsari, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Banjarsari]]
* [[Bobotsari, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Bobotsari]]
* [[Dagan, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Dagan]]
* [[Gandasuli, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Gandasuli]]
* [[Gunungkarang, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Gunungkarang]]
* [[Kalapacung, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Kalapacung]]
* [[Karangduren, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Karangduren]]
* [[Karangmalang, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Karangmalang]]
* [[Karangtalun, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Karangtalun]]
* [[Limbasari, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Limbasari]]
* [[Majapura, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Majapura]]
* [[Pakuncen, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Pakuncen]]
* [[Palumbungan, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Palumbungan]]
* [[Palumbungan Wetan, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Palumbungan Wetan]]
* [[Talagening, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Talagening]]
* [[Tlagayasa, Bobotsari, Purbalingga|Tlagayasa]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.14
|Bojongsari
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |13
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Banjaran, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Banjaran]]
* [[Beji, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Beji]]
* [[Bojongsari, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Bojongsari]]
* [[Brobot, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Brobot]]
* [[Bumisari, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Bumisari]]
* [[Galuh, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Galuh]]
* [[Gembong, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Gembong]]
* [[Kajongan, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Kajongan]]
* [[Karangbanjar, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Karangbanjar]]
* [[Metenggeng, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Metenggeng]]
* [[Pagedangan, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Pagedangan]]
* [[Patemon, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Patemon]]
* [[Pekalongan, Bojongsari, Purbalingga|Pekalongan]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.02
|Bukateja
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |14
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bajong, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Bajong]]
* [[Bukateja, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Bukateja]]
* [[Cipawon, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Cipawon]]
* [[Karangcengis, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Karangcengis]]
* [[Karanggedang, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Karanggedang]]
* [[Karangnangka, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Karangnangka]]
* [[Kebutuh, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Kebutuh]]
* [[Kedungjati, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Kedungjati]]
* [[Kembangan, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Kembangan]]
* [[Kutawis, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Kutawis]]
* [[Majasari, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Majasari]]
* [[Penaruban, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Penaruban]]
* [[Tidu, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Tidu]]
* [[Wirasaba, Bukateja, Purbalingga|Wirasaba]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.04
|Kaligondang
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |18
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Arenan, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Arenan]]
* [[Brecek, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Brecek]]
* [[Cilapar, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Cilapar]]
* [[Kaligondang, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Kaligondang]]
* [[Kalikajar, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Kalikajar]]
* [[Kembaran Wetan, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Kembaran Wetan]]
* [[Lamongan, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Lamongan]]
* [[Pagerandong, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Pagerandong]]
* [[Penaruban, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Penaruban]]
* [[Penolih, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Penolih]]
* [[Selakambang, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Selakambang]]
* [[Selanegara, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Selanegara]]
* [[Sempor Lor, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Sempor Lor]]
* [[Sidanegara, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Sidanegara]]
* [[Sidareja, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Sidareja]]
* [[Sinduraja, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Sinduraja]]
* [[Slinga, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Slinga]]
* [[Tejasari, Kaligondang, Purbalingga|Tejasari]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |33.03.06
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kalimanah
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |14
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Babakan, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Babakan]]
* [[Blater, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Blater]]
* [[Grecol, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Grecol]]
* [[Jompo, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Jompo]]
* [[Kalimanah Kulon, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Kalimanah Kulon]]
* [[Kalimanah Wetan, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Kalimanah Wetan]]
* [[Karangpetir, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Karangpetir]]
* [[Karangsari, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Karangsari]]
* [[Kedungwuluh, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Kedungwuluh]]
* [[Klapasawit, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Klapasawit]]
* [[Manduraga, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Manduraga]]
* [[Rabak, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Rabak]]
* [[Selabaya, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Selabaya]]
* [[Sidakangen, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Sidakangen]]}}
|-
|Kelurahan
|{{Flatlist|* [[Kalikabong, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Kalikabong]]
* [[Karangmanyar, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Karangmanyar]]
* [[Mewek, Kalimanah, Purbalingga|Mewek]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.11
|Karanganyar
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |13
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Banjarkerta, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Banjarkerta]]
* [[Brakas, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Brakas]]
* [[Buara, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Buara]]
* [[Bungkanel, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Bungkanel]]
* [[Jambudesa, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Jambudesa]]
* [[Kabunderan, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Kabunderan]]
* [[Kalijaran, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Kalijaran]]
* [[Kaliori, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Kaliori]]
* [[Karanganyar, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Karanganyar]]
* [[Karanggedang, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Karanggedang]]
* [[Lumpang, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Lumpang]]
* [[Maribaya, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Maribaya]]
* [[Ponjen, Karanganyar, Purbalingga|Ponjen]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.17
|Karangjambu
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Danasari, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Danasari]]
* [[Jingkang, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Jingkang]]
* [[Karangjambu, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Karangjambu]]
* [[Purbasari, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Purbasari]]
* [[Sanguwatang, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Sanguwatang]]
* [[Sirandu, Karangjambu, Purbalingga|Sirandu]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.12
|Karangmoncol
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Baleraksa, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Baleraksa]]
* [[Grantung, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Grantung]]
* [[Karangsari, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Karangsari]]
* [[Kramat, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Kramat]]
* [[Pekiringan, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Pekiringan]]
* [[Pepedan, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Pepedan]]
* [[Rajawana, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Rajawana]]
* [[Sirau, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Sirau]]
* [[Tajug, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Tajug]]
* [[Tamansari, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Tamansari]]
* [[Tunjungmuli, Karangmoncol, Purbalingga|Tunjungmuli]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.10
|Karangreja
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Gondang, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Gondang]]
* [[Karangreja, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Karangreja]]
* [[Kutabawa, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Kutabawa]]
* [[Serang, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Serang]]
* [[Siwarak, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Siwarak]]
* [[Tlahab Kidul, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Tlahab Kidul]]
* [[Tlahab Lor, Karangreja, Purbalingga|Tlahab Lor]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.03
|Kejobong
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |13
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bandingan, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Bandingan]]
* [[Gumiwang, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Gumiwang]]
* [[Kedarpan, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Kedarpan]]
* [[Kejobong, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Kejobong]]
* [[Krenceng, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Krenceng]]
* [[Lamuk, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Lamuk]]
* [[Langgar, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Langgar]]
* [[Nangkasawit, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Nangkasawit]]
* [[Nangkod, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Nangkod]]
* [[Pandansari, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Pandansari]]
* [[Pangempon, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Pangempon]]
* [[Sokanegara, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Sokanegara]]
* [[Timbang, Kejobong, Purbalingga|Timbang]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.01
|Kemangkon
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |19
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bakulan, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Bakulan]]
* [[Bokol, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Bokol]]
* [[Gambarsari, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Gambarsari]]
* [[Jetis, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Jetis]]
* [[Kalialang, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Kalialang]]
* [[Karangkemiri, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Karangkemiri]]
* [[Karangtengah, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Karangtengah]]
* [[Kedungbenda, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Kedungbenda]]
* [[Kedunglegok, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Kedunglegok]]
* [[Kemangkon, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Kemangkon]]
* [[Majasem, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Majasem]]
* [[Majatengah, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Majatengah]]
* [[Muntang, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Muntang]]
* [[Panican, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Panican]]
* [[Pegandekan, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Pegandekan]]
* [[Pelumutan, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Pelumutan]]
* [[Senon, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Senon]]
* [[Sumilir, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Sumilir]]
* [[Toyareka, Kemangkon, Purbalingga|Toyareka]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.18
|Kertanegara
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Adiarsa, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Adiarsa]]
* [[Condong, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Condong]]
* [[Darma, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Darma]]
* [[Karang Tengah, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Karang Tengah]]
* [[Karangasem, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Karangasem]]
* [[Karangpucung, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Karangpucung]]
* [[Kasih, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Kasih]]
* [[Kertanegara, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Kertanegara]]
* [[Krangean, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Krangean]]
* [[Langkap, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Langkap]]
* [[Margasana, Kertanegara, Purbalingga|Margasana]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.07
|Kutasari
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |14
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Candinata, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Candinata]]
* [[Candiwulan, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Candiwulan]]
* [[Cendana, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Cendana]]
* [[Karangaren, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karangaren]]
* [[Karangcegak, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karangcegak]]
* [[Karangjengkol, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karangjengkol]]
* [[Karangklesem, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karangklesem]]
* [[Karanglewas, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karanglewas]]
* [[Karangreja, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Karangreja]]
* [[Kutasari, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Kutasari]]
* [[Limbangan, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Limbangan]]
* [[Meri, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Meri]]
* [[Munjul, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Munjul]]
* [[Sumingkir, Kutasari, Purbalingga|Sumingkir]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.08
|Mrebet
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |19
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Binangun, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Binangun]]
* [[Bojong, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Bojong]]
* [[Campakoah, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Campakoah]]
* [[Cipaku, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Cipaku]]
* [[Karang Nangka, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Karang Nangka]]
* [[Karangturi, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Karangturi]]
* [[Kradenan, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Kradenan]]
* [[Lambur, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Lambur]]
* [[Mangunegara, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Mangunegara]]
* [[Mrebet, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Mrebet]]
* [[Onje, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Onje]]
* [[Pager Andong, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Pager Andong]]
* [[Pengalusan, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Pengalusan]]
* [[Sangkanayu, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Sangkanayu]]
* [[Selaganggeng, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Selaganggeng]]
* [[Serayu Karanganyar, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Serayu Karanganyar]]
* [[Serayu Larangan, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Serayu Larangan]]
* [[Sindang, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Sindang]]
* [[Tangkisan, Mrebet, Purbalingga|Tangkisan]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |33.03.15
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Padamara
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |13
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bojanegara, Padamara, Purbalingga|Bojanegara]]
* [[Dawuhan, Padamara, Purbalingga|Dawuhan]]
* [[Gemuruh, Padamara, Purbalingga|Gemuruh]]
* [[Kalitinggar, Padamara, Purbalingga|Kalitinggar]]
* [[Kalitinggar Kidul, Padamara, Purbalingga|Kalitinggar Kidul]]
* [[Karanggambas, Padamara, Purbalingga|Karanggambas]]
* [[Karangjambe, Padamara, Purbalingga|Karangjambe]]
* [[Karangpule, Padamara, Purbalingga|Karangpule]]
* [[Mipiran, Padamara, Purbalingga|Mipiran]]
* [[Padamara, Padamara, Purbalingga|Padamara]]
* [[Prigi, Padamara, Purbalingga|Prigi]]
* [[Purbayasa, Padamara, Purbalingga|Purbayasa]]
* [[Sokawera, Padamara, Purbalingga|Sokawera]]}}
|-
|Kelurahan
|{{Flatlist|* [[Karangsentul, Padamara, Purbalingga|Karangsentul]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.16
|Pengadegan
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bedagas, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Bedagas]]
* [[Karangjoho, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Karangjoho]]
* [[Larangan, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Larangan]]
* [[Pangadegan, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Pangadegan]]
* [[Panunggalan, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Panunggalan]]
* [[Pasunggingan, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Pasunggingan]]
* [[Tegalpingen, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Tegalpingen]]
* [[Tetel, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Tetel]]
* [[Tumanggal, Pengadegan, Purbalingga|Tumanggal]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |33.03.05
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Purbalingga
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |11
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Jatisaba, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Jatisaba]]
* [[Toyareja, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Toyareja]]}}
|-
|Kelurahan
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bancar, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Bancar]]
* [[Bojong, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Bojong]]
* [[Kandang Gampang, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Kandang Gampang]]
* [[Kedung Menjangan, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Kedung Menjangan]]
* [[Kembaran Kulon, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Kembaran Kulon]]
* [[Penambongan, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Penambongan]]
* [[Purbalingga Kidul, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga Kidul]]
* [[Purbalingga Kulon, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga Kulon]]
* [[Purbalingga Lor, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga Lor]]
* [[Purbalingga Wetan, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Purbalingga Wetan]]
* [[Wirasana, Purbalingga, Purbalingga|Wirasana]]}}
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|33.03.13
|Rembang
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| align=&quot;center&quot; |12
|Desa
|{{Flatlist|* [[Bantarbarang, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bantarbarang]]
* [[Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga|Bodas Karangjati]]
* [[Gunungwuled, Rembang, Purbalingga|Gunungwuled]]
* [[Karangbawang, Rembang, Purbalingga|Karangbawang]]
* [[Losari, Rembang, Purbalingga|Losari]]
* [[Makam, Rembang, Purbalingga|Makam]]
* [[Panusupan, Rembang, Purbalingga|Panusupan]]
* [[Sumampir, Rembang, Purbalingga|Sumampir]]
* [[Tanalum, Rembang, Purbalingga|Tanalum]]
* [[Wanogara Wetan, Rembang, Purbalingga|Wanogara Wetan]]
* [[Wlahar, Rembang, Purbalingga|Wlahar]]
* [[Wonogara Kulon, Rembang, Purbalingga|Wonogara Kulon]]}}
|- style=&quot;background-color: #ccc;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;
!
!TOTAL
!15
!224
!
!
|}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Caliak pulo ==

* Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Indonesia
* Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Jawa Tengah
* Pembagian administratif di Indonesia

== Pranala lua ==

* {{Id}} [http://purbalinggakab.bps.go.id/ Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Purbalingga]
* {{Id}} [http://jatengprov.go.id Situs Resmi Provinsi Jawa Tengah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801033005/https://jatengprov.go.id/ |date=2022-08-01 }}
* {{Id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124001432/https://www.purbalinggakab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Purbalingga]
[[Kategori:Kabupaten Purbalingga]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Engishiki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>389185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3353497</id>
      <parentid>2505522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T10:25:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>12718</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1027" sha1="10mtzk7dkw557kezl7w3atqskqq6uhd" xml:space="preserve">{{italic title}}
{{Nihongo|'''''Engishiki'''''|延喜式||extra=&quot;Prosedur Era Engi&quot;}} adolah sabuah [[buku]] [[Japang|Jopang]] tontang hukum dan adaik istiadaik. Bagian gadang dari panulisan tasabuik salosai pado taun 927.&lt;ref name=&quot;nussbaum178&quot;&gt;Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&amp;pg=PA178&amp;dq= &quot;''Engi-shiki''&quot;] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 178.&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 905, [[Kaisar Daigo]] anak dari [[Kaisar Uda]] mamarentahkan kompilasi ''Engishiki''.

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Bacoan tambahan==
* {{NKBJ}}
* {{NKBD}}

==Pautan lua==
*[https://jhti.berkeley.edu/Engi%20shiki.html Japanese text and English translation] at the ''Japanese Historical Text Initiative''
*Manuscript scans, ''Waseda University Library'': volumes [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230908/http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/wa03/wa03_01594/ 1-50] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223090546/http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/wa03/wa03_01350/ 8-10]

{{Authority control}}

[[Kategori:927]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dasrizal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="7906" sha1="93ihllxt98jotue8pnwj4reib6pchg4" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Dasrizal_dan_istri.jpg|jmpl|Dasrizal jo bininyo, 2013]]
H. '''Dasrizal M. Nainin''', S.S.I, M.I.S adolah surang [[qari]] internasional, dosen, jo akademisi [[Indonesia]]. Inyo mandapek Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (MTQ) Internasional pado taun 2013 di [[Malaysia]] jo MTQ Internasional pado taun 2022 di [[Kuwait]]. Inyo aktif sabagai dosen di program studi Ilmu Al-Qur'an jo Tafsir fakultas Ushuluddin [[Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah]] Jakarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://langgam.id/mengenal-dasrizal-juara-mtq-internasional-pemikul-nama-sumbar/|title=Mengenal Dasrizal, Juara MTQ Internasional Pemikul Nama Sumbar|last=Redaksi|date=2020-11-19|website=Langgam.id|language=id|access-date=2023-12-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kahidupan awal jo pandidiakan ==
Dasrizal bin Marah Nainin dilayiekan di Nagari Padang Laweh, [[Koto Tujuh, Sijunjung|Kecamatan Koto VII]], [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]], [[Sumatera Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://issuu.com/haluan/docs/hln240713/14 |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211093646/https://issuu.com/haluan/docs/hln240713/14 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo adolah anak dari pasangan Marah Nainin (almarhum) jo Darusiah (almarhumah). Sasudah Sakola Manangah Pertama (MTsN) di Padang Sibusuk, kabupaten Sijunjung, inyo manjalehan pandidikan ka [[MA Negeri 2 Padang]]. Salain itu, inyo manjalehan pendidikannyo di Magister Perbandingan Mazhab dan Hukum IAIN (kini UIN Imam Bonjol Padang). Sasudah menjalani perkuliahan salamo duo semester, pado taun 2004 inyo pindah ka Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah [[Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah|Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah]] Jakarta dan mandapek gelar Sarjana Studi Islam (S.S.I) pado taun 2008. Inyo salapeh manjalehan studi S2 pado taun 2010 jo mancapai gelar Master of Islamic Studies dari Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia pado taun 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;tn&quot;&gt;https://padang.tribunnews.com/2022/10/27/jalan-berliku-dasrizal-menuju-juara-mtq-internasional-di-kuwait?page=all&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dasrizal-Dasrizal&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pddikti&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/REUxQjhCNUMtMjU4QS00NUYxLUI0NDQtQzUzRTREOUU5QkM4/6C0AB991-511D-4164-838E-B1868B617B54 |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213092100/https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/REUxQjhCNUMtMjU4QS00NUYxLUI0NDQtQzUzRTREOUU5QkM4/6C0AB991-511D-4164-838E-B1868B617B54 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== karir ==
[[Berkas:Dasrizal_juara_1_MTQ_Internasional_Kuwait.jpg|jmpl|Dasrizal juara 1 MTQ Internasional Kuwait 2022]]
Dasrizal manunjuakkan minatnyo pado seni mambaco bagian-bagian Al-Qur'an sajak ketek. Inyo taruih malajari jo malatih irama balajang Al-Qur'an sampai mandapek pajuangan [[Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an]] (MTQ) mulai dari tingkat kacamatan, kabupaten, sampai provinsi. Inyo ma akui sacaro rutin malatih balawah Al-Q'an satangah jam satiok hari.&lt;ref name=&quot;tn&quot; /&gt; Awalnyo inyo mamulai balapan MTQ pado umua ketek, inyo acok gagal, tapi inyo taruih semangat untuak maningkatkan kualitas ritme lapangnyo. Inyo pernah bajalan balapan balapan balapa anak MTQ Nasional di [[Kota Palu]], Sulawesi Tengah pado taun 2000&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; dan balapa remaja MTQ Nasional pado Palangkaraya Kalimantan Tengah pado taun 2003. Pado taun 2007, inyo berhasil mancapai juara 1 MTQ antar Radio Republik Indonesia/Televisi Republik Indonesia tingkek Nasional. Pado taun 2011, inyo mandapek juara 1 tilawah dewasa MTQ Provinsi Sumatera Barat di [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] dan mandapek hadiah Haji dari Gubernur Sumatera Utara. Taun nan sabanta inyo mandapek juara 3 tilawah dewasa MTQ Nasional di [[Koto Ambon|Kota Ambon]], Maluku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://emka.web.id/ke-nu-an/inilah-hasil-mtq-tahun-2012-di-ambon/ |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211094100/https://emka.web.id/ke-nu-an/inilah-hasil-mtq-tahun-2012-di-ambon/ |archive-date=2022-12-11 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hln&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://issuu.com/haluan/docs/hln110713/19 |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211095604/https://issuu.com/haluan/docs/hln110713/19 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dasrizal meraih juara [[Kompetisi Tilawah Al Quran Tingkat Internasional|Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (MTQ) Internasional]] ke-55 ({{Lang-ms|Majlis Tilawah Al Quran Peringkat Antarabangsa}}) yang dilaksanakan di [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] pada 29 Juni hingga 6 Juli 2013. Pada pengumuman pemenang perlombaan di Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC) Kuala Lumpur, 6 Juli 2013, Dasrizal diumumkan sukses menyisihkan 37 peserta lainnya dengan skor 93.26. Atas kemenangan itu, Dasrizal menerima hadiah uang tunai sebesar 40.000 Ringgit beserta emas batang seberat 350 gram. Hadiah tersebut diserahkan langsung oleh [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] Malaysia, [[Abdul Halim dari Kedah|Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/qari-indonesia-qariah-maghribi-muncul-johan-tilawah-alquran-17867&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://nasional.tempo.co/read/494231/qori-indonesia-juara-mtq-internasional-di-malaysia&lt;/ref&gt; Pada 26 Juli 2013, Dasrizal ditunjuk sebagai pembaca Al-Qur'an dalam peringatan hari turunnya Al-Qur'an (Nuzulul Qur'an) nasional di [[Istana Negara]], Jakarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://kemenag.go.id/read/presiden-peringati-malam-nuzulul-quran-di-istana-pm6j1 |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211093648/https://kemenag.go.id/read/presiden-peringati-malam-nuzulul-quran-di-istana-pm6j1 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2016, pado MTQ Nasional di kota Mataram NTB (Nusa Tenggara Barat) inyo mandapek Juara 1 cabang Qiraat Sab'ah Mujawwad jo pancapaian nilai 99,33.

Dasrizal kembali meraih Juara 1 MTQ Internasional di [[Kuwait]] ({{lang-en|Kuwait International Prize of The Holy Quran}}) yang diselenggarakan pada 10 hingga 19 Oktober 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://kemenag.go.id/read/dasrizal-qari-indonesia-juara-1-mtq-internasional-kuwait-doyrj |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201145234/https://www.kemenag.go.id/read/dasrizal-qari-indonesia-juara-1-mtq-internasional-kuwait-doyrj |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dasrizal mulai karir akademisnyo sabagai dosen indak tatap di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah (STIT) Muaro Sijunjung, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Pangembangan Ilmu Al-Qur'an (STAI-PIQ) Sumatera Barat jo Sekolah Tinggi Agama Muslim Negeri Batusangkar pado taun 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;hln&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://sumbar.kemenag.go.id/v2/post/45184/dasrizal-qari-terbaik-internasional.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado Maret 2015, inyo diangkat sabagai dosen tetap [[pagawai negeri sipil|PNS]] di Jurusan Ilmu Al-Qur'an jo Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.&lt;ref&gt;Sesuai nomor Induk pegawai (NIP) 19850724 201503 1 003 https://lpm.uin-suka.ac.id/media/dokumen_akademik/011_20200211_SK%20KELULUSAN%20SERDOS%202019.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://staff.uinjkt.ac.id/profile.php?staff=40c9f2e7-b54c-ef45-8ec3-a233d80952a0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pddikti2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/REUxQjhCNUMtMjU4QS00NUYxLUI0NDQtQzUzRTREOUU5QkM4/6C0AB991-511D-4164-838E-B1868B617B54 |title=archive copy |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213092100/https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/REUxQjhCNUMtMjU4QS00NUYxLUI0NDQtQzUzRTREOUU5QkM4/6C0AB991-511D-4164-838E-B1868B617B54 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kahidupan pribadi ==
Dasrizal balaki jo Liyani Febri Yunita jo dikaruniaan ampek anak.&lt;ref name=&quot;tn&quot; /&gt;

== Rujuakan ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Efa Yonnedi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="13287" sha1="i6tyv425bcwyczceksfjxs0v17un7ph" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|honorific-prefix= Dr.
|name               = {{PAGENAME}}
|honorific-suffix = S.E., MPPM, Akt., CA, CRGP
|native_name        =
|image              = Pelantikan Rektor Universitas Andalas Efa Yonnedi.jpg
|imagesize          =
|caption            =
|office             = Rektor Universitas Andalas
|order              = ke-13
|term_start         = 20 November 2023
|term_end           = kini
|succeeding         = 
|president          = 
|predecessor        = [[Yuliandri]]
|successor          = 
|office1             = 
|term_start1         =
|term_end1           =
|succeeding1         = 
|president1          = 
|predecessor1        = 
|successor1          = 
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|order3              =
|term_start3         =
|term_end3           =
|succeeding3         = 
|president3          = 
|predecessor3        = 
|successor3          = 
|birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1972|05|02}}
|birth_place        = [[Jopang Manganti, Mungka, Lima Puluh Kota|Nagari Jopang]], [[Mungka, Lima Puluh Kota|Kecamatan Mungka]], [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]]
|death_date         = 
|death_place        = 
|nationality        = [[Indonesia]]
|party              = 
|spouse             = 
|relations          = 
|children           = 
|alma_mater         = [[Universitas Andalas]]{{br}}[[Universitas Monash]]{{br}}[[Universitas Manchester]]
|occupation         = Akademisi, ekonom
|profession         = 
|religion           = [[Islam]]
|signature          = 
|website            = 
|footnotes          = 
}}

Dr. '''Efa Yonnedi''', S.E., MPPM, [[Akuntan|Akt.]], CA, CRGP ({{lahirmati||2|5|1972}}) adolah saurang ekonom jo akademisi Indonesia. Mangalahan duo, inyo tapiliah sabagai Rektor [[Universitas Andalas]] (Unand) jo mulai manjabek sajak 20 November 2023 manggantian [[Yuliandri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3831333/mwa-lantik-eks-konsultan-bank-dunia-sebagai-rektor-unand-2023-2028|title=‬ MWA lantik eks konsultan Bank Dunia sebagai Rektor Unand 2023-2028‪ |last= |first= |date=20 November 2023 |website=antaranews |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabalumnyo inyo manjabek sabagai Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis (FEB) Unand sajak 2020.

== Kahidupan awa jo pandidikan ==
Efa Yonnedi dilahiakan di [[Jopang Manganti, Mungka, Lima Puluh Kota|Nagari Jopang]], [[Mungka, Lima Puluh Kota|Kecamatan Mungka]], [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]], [[Sumatera Barat]] pado tanggal 2 Mei 1972‪.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://padang.tribunnews.com/2023/10/31/profil-efa-yonnedi-rektor-unand-yang-baru-terpilih-pernah-jabat-komisaris-utama-bank-nagari‪ |title=‬ Profil Efa Yonnedi, Rektor Unand yang Baru Terpilih, Pernah Jabat Komisaris Utama Bank Nagari‪ |last= |first= |date=31 Oktober 2023 |website=tribunnews.com |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo maraiah gala [[Sarjana Ekonomi]] dari‬ Jurusan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Andalas pado taun 1996. Inyo sampek manjadi panarimo beasiswa [[Bank Nagari|Bank Pembangunan Daerah Sumatera Barat]] pado taun 1994. Inyo mandapek gala ''[[Magister|Master]] of Public Policy and Management'' dari [[Universitas Monash]] Australia pado taun 2002. Inyo juo pernah manjadi panarimo beasiswa Australian Development Scholarships pado taun 2000. Inyo maraiah gala [[Doktor]] dari [[Universitas Manchester]] Inggirih pado taun 2007. Disertasinyo bajudul &quot;Impact of Privatization and Organizational Changes and Performance in Indonesia&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/6ab81299563df14246a432869ec8f6ba/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=2026366&amp;diss=y‪ |title=‬ Disertasi Impact of Privatisation on Organisational Change and Managerial Practices in Indonesia‪|last=Yonnedi |first=Efa |date=2007 |website=proquest.com |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo juo parnah manjadi panarimo beasiswa QUE Scholarships dari [[Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi]] Depdiknas RI sajak 2002 sampai 2004 jo beasiswa Overseas Studentship Scholarships dari Universitas Manchester sajak 2004 sampai 2006.‪&lt;ref name=bio&gt;{{cite web |url=http://pilrek.unand.ac.id/index.php/profil-balon/82-10-dr-efa-yonnedi-se-mppm-akt-ca-crgp‪ |title=‬ Profil Efa Yonnedi‪ |last= |first= |date= |website=unand.ac.id |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karier ==

Efa Yonnedi mamulai karier sabagai tanago pangajar [[pagawai negeri sipil]] di Unand pado taun 1996.&lt;ref&gt; Sabagai mano tacantum pado Nomor Induk Pegawai (NIP) 19720502 199602 1 001&lt;/ref&gt; Inyo tacatat di Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud mulai mangaja pado 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/2B13BB24-354F-4FF4-B5A8-8D8A8D6209C7/DD695824-7BF9-4A0A-A7EB-F68F6B92CA30 |title=‬ Efa Yonnedi, PDDikti‪ |last= |first= |date= |website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote= |archive-date=2023-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119025149/https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/data_dosen/2B13BB24-354F-4FF4-B5A8-8D8A8D6209C7/DD695824-7BF9-4A0A-A7EB-F68F6B92CA30 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2007, inyo manjabek sabagai Kepala Program Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi (FE) Unand. Pado taun barikuiknyo, inyo manjabek sabagai Direktur Pusat Pengembangan Akuntansi FE Unand.&lt;ref name=bio/&gt;

Efa marupoan seorang ekonom yang juga dikenal di kalangan industri keuangan dan perbankan di Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Salain marupoan alumnus akuntansi FEB Unand, dia juga pernah menjabaik Komisaris Bank Nagari periode 2008-2012, dan Komisaris Utama bank tersebut pado 2012-2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sumatra.bisnis.com/read/20231120/533/1716172/ekonom-efa-yonnedi-resmi-dilantik-jadi-rektor-unand|title=Ekonom Efa Yonnedi Resmi Dilantik Jadi Rektor Unand|last=Hendra|first=Muhammad Noli|date=2023-11-20|website=Bisnis.com|language=id|access-date=2024-01-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pado taun 2013, Efa diangkek sabagai Ketua Jurusan Akuntansi FE Unand. Salanjuiknyo pado 2017, inyo tapiliah manjadi Ketua Senat Akademik FE Unand.&lt;ref name=bio/&gt; Pado 2020, inyo mamanangkan pamiliahan Dekan FE Unand jo dilantiak manjadi dekan manggantian Harif Amali Rivai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://feb.unand.ac.id/pelantikan-dan-pengambilan-sumpah-jabatan-dekan-fakultas-ekonomi-universitas-andalas-periode-2020-2024/ |title=‬ Pelantikan dan Pengambilan Sumpah Jabatan Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Andalas Periode 2020-2024 ‪ |last= |first= |date=29 Juni 2020|website=feb.unand.ac.id |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2022, Fakultas Ekonomi Unand baganti namo manjadi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://fekon.unand.ac.id/?p=2887 |title=‬ Launching Nama Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Andalas ‪ |last= |first= |date= |website=fekon.unand.ac.id |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119030055/https://fekon.unand.ac.id/?p=2887 |archive-date=2023-11-19 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pado 31 Oktober 2023, inyo tapiliah sabagai rektor dalam pamiliahan rektor Unand 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://regional.kompas.com/read/2023/10/31/140122678/efa-yonnedi-terpilih-jadi-rektor-unand-periode-2023-2028 |title=‬ Efa Yonnedi Terpilih Jadi Rektor Unand Periode 2023-2028|last= |first= |date=31 Oktober 2023|website=kompas.com |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salain manjadi akademisi, sabagai praktisi Efa juo bakarajo sabagai konsultan paruah wakatu untuak [[World Bank]] Office of Jakarta sajak 2010 sampai 2013. Pado 2011, inyo diangkek manjadi Komisaris Independen jo Ketua Komite Pemantau Risiko [[Bank Nagari]]. Pado 2014, inyo diangkek manjadi Komisaris Utama, Ketua Komite Pemantau Risiko, Ketua Komite Remunerasi jo Nominasi Bank Nagari sampai 2018. Pado 2018, inyo diangkek manjadi Komisaris Utama PT Asuransi Bangun Askrida.&lt;ref name=bio/&gt;

Usai dilantik, Efa mangatoan dengan telah ditetapkannyo sabagai Rektor Unand untuak limo tahun ke depan, dalam manjalankan tangguang jawek sabagai rektor di perguruan tinggi terbaik itu, ado hal yang dia pedomani. Sabalum tapiliah jadi rektor, dia adolah Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis (FEB) Unand periode 2020-2024, dan kini tapiliah dan telah dilantik manjadi Rektor Unand periode 2023-2028.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

= Organisasi =
Efa juga terlibat dalam Public Management Research Association, Universitas Kansas antara 2009 hingga 2010. Ia menjadi Ketua Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia Kota Padang Bidang Keuangan Daerah dan Perbankan Syariah periode 2011–2014, Ketua Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) Sumatera Barat Bidang Sektor Publik periode 2012–2015, dan Ketua Masyarakat Ekonomi Syariah Sumatera Barat periode 1432H–1435H. Ia juga menjadi Koordinator Regional Sumatera Asosiasi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia (AFEBI) periode 2020–2022 dan Ketua Strategis Nasional Dewan Pengurus Pusat AFEBI periode 2022–2025. Ia juga menjadi Koordinator Kerjasama Bidang Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Pendidikan Profesi Lanjutan IAI Kompartemen Akuntan Pendidik periode 2022–2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pilrek.unand.ac.id/index.php/profil-balon/82-10-dr-efa-yonnedi-se-mppm-akt-ca-crgp|title=10. Dr. Efa Yonnedi, SE, MPPM, Akt, CA, CRGP|website=pilrek.unand.ac.id|access-date=2024-01-17|archive-date=2023-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119025152/http://pilrek.unand.ac.id/index.php/profil-balon/82-10-dr-efa-yonnedi-se-mppm-akt-ca-crgp|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Karya =
- Competitive Markets and Competition Policy in Indonesia (2007)

- Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Firm Performance: Evidence from Indonesia's State–Owned Enterprises (SOEs) (2009)

- Privatization, organizational change and performance: evidence from Indonesia (2010)

- CREATING KNOWLEDGE REGIONS: INDONESIA’S CHALLENGES AND FUTURE (2012)

- World Trade Center Disaster and Asthma Type: Thomas et al. Respond (2015)

- VOLATILITAS HARGA SAHAM PASAR MODAL INDONESIA: STUDI PADA INDEKS LQ45 PERIODE 30 DESEMBER 2011-30 JUNI 2014 (2015)

- PENGARUH SALURAN PELAPORAN PELANGGARAN DAN PERSONAL COST TERHADAP MINAT UNTUK MELAPORKAN KECURANGAN PADA PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA PEMERINTAH  (2016)

- EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS: MULTI-STAGE DEA APPROACH AND MALMQUIST PRODUCTIVITY INDEX (2019)

- The Link between Fiscal Decentralization and Unemployment Evidence from Indonesia (2022)

- Decentralization's Impact on Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis (2023)

- The Influence of Micro and Small Industries on Economic Growth West Sumatra Province (2023)

- Analysis of The Influence of Enterprise Risk Management Implementation on Company Performance and Company Value (2023)

- Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Direksi Luar Perusahaan, Komisaris Independen dan Gender Direksi terhadap Kinerja Bank Pembangunan Daerah: Inovasi Keuangan sebagai Variabel Moderasi (2023)

- Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Zakat pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode Tahun 2018 – 2020 (2023)

- The Influence of Advanced Enterprise Risk Management Implementation Analyses : The Role Of Environmental, Social and Governance Performances (2023)

- Strategy to improve economic condition of fishermen living in the coastal area in Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan (2023)

- Bancassurance on the Value of Banking Companies in Asia Pacific: Profitability as a Mediating Variable (2023)

- Analisis pengaruh alokasi dana pembinaan terhadap daya saing komoditi unggulan daerah (studi kasus UMKM petani Kemiri Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara Provinsi Sumatra Utara) (2023)

- The Long-Term Effect of Foreign Debt and Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Indonesia (2024)

== Pangharagoan ==
Efa manerimo pangharagoan [[Satyalancana Karya Satya]] 20 Tahun dari Presiden Republik Indonesia pado 2018.&lt;ref name=bio/&gt; Inyo juo manarimo pangharagoan Ketua Program Studi Berprestasi dalam Anugerah Unand Award 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sumbarpost.com/inilah-nama-nama-penghargaan-unand-award-tahun-2016/ |title=‬ Inilah Nama-nama Penghargaan Unand Award Tahun 2016 |last= |first= |date=14 September 2016 |website=sumbarpost.com |publisher= |access-date=14 Januari 2024 |quote= |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120043459/https://sumbarpost.com/inilah-nama-nama-penghargaan-unand-award-tahun-2016/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pautan lua==
* {{Google Scholar id|Vyx4Bh4AAAAJ}}
* {{Facebook|efa.yonnedi}}
* {{Instagram|efa.yonnedi}}

[[Kategori:Dosen Universitas Andalas]]
[[Kategori:Akademikus Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Ekonom Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Andalas]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Monash]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Manchester]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Lima Puluh Kota]]
[[Kategori:Rektor Universitas Andalas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benteng Amsterdam</title>
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      <text bytes="5669" sha1="f7k3jbayu64cpym8h188cikrmsuim27" xml:space="preserve">'''Benteng Amsterdam''' adolah [[benteng]] warisan [[Balando]] nan talatak di pabatasan antaro [[Hila]] jo [[Kaitetu]], kecamatan [[Leihitu]], [[Kabupaten Maluku Tengah|Kabupaten Maluku Tangah]], labiah kurang 42 km dari [[Koto Ambon|Kota Ambon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bkpmd-Maluku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bkpmd-maluku.com/index.php/informasi/wisata/50-wisata/127-dibalik-kemegahan-benteng-amsterdam|title=''Dibalik Kemegahan Benteng Amsterdam''|publisher=Bkpmd-Maluku.com|access-date=17 Juli 2026|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306065931/http://bkpmd-maluku.com/index.php/informasi/wisata/50-wisata/127-dibalik-kemegahan-benteng-amsterdam|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Latak benteng ko tapek di sabalah pantai Hila jo Kaitetu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Melayu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wisatamelayu.com/id/object.php?a=SEpvL1JSdy9P=&amp;nav=geo|title=''Benteng Amsterdam Ambon''|publisher=Wisatamelayu.com|access-date=17 Juli 2026}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Benteng Amsterdam marupoan bangunan kaduo nan dibangun dek Balando sasudah [[Casteel Vanveere]] di [[Seith]] hancua.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Melayu&quot; /&gt; Benteng Amsterdam marupokan salah satu bangunan tuo nan baumua ratusan tahun dan marupoan bagian dari [[Sejarah|sajarah]] panguaso VOC di [[Ambon (disambiguasi)|Ambon]], [[Maluku]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Melayu&quot; /&gt;

== Sajarah ==
[[Berkas:Benteng Amsterdam 2026 06.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Benteng Amsterdam 2026]]
Sabalun manjadi benteng, tampek ko marupoan [[Loji|pondok]] [[Portugis]] untuak manyimpan [[Langkok-langkok|bumbu]] ( [[pala]] jo [[Cangkeh|cengkeh]] ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kidnesia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kidnesia.com/Kidnesia2014/Indonesiaku/Teropong-Daerah/Maluku/Tempat-Menarik/Benteng-Amsterdam|title=''Benteng Amsterdam''|publisher=Kidnesia.com|access-date=17 Juli 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benteng ko sangaik pantiang bagi urang Portugis karano pado maso itu, [[Teluk Ambon|Taluak Ambon]] marupoan rute kapa-kapa dagang untuak masuak jo kalua dari Maluku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gagas Ulung&quot;&gt;''Extremely Beautiful Maluku, Tempat Wisata Indah: Wisata Alam-Bahari-Kuliner-Tradisi, dan Hotel. ''&lt;/ref&gt; Daerah iko dijadian dek Portugis sabagai pusek padagangan rempah-rempah jo pangkalan patahanan taradok sarangan [[kapa]] asiang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gagas Ulung&quot; /&gt; Pado [[1512|taun 1512]] bangunan utamo benteng Amsterdam partamo kali dibangun dek urang Portugis nan dipimpin dek [[Francisco Serrão|Francisco Serrão.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambon.go.id/benteng-amsterdam/|title=''Benteng Amsterdam''|publisher=Ambon.go.id|access-date=17 Juli 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sairiang bajalannyo wakatu, urang Maluku maraso dirugikan dek tamak urang Portugis dalam mandapekkan labo dari bumbu-bumbu di [[Kapulauan Nusantara|Nusantara]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Putri Rizqi Hernasari&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/09/26/134555/2370128/1519/3-benteng-gahar-di-maluku|title=''3 Benteng Gahar di Maluku''|publisher=Travel.detik.com|access-date=17 Juli 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akhianyo, sampai akhia abaik ka-16, rakyat   Maluku baparang malawan urang Portugis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Putri Rizqi Hernasari&quot; /&gt; Kaadaan iko dimanfaatkan dek Balando untuak marabuik hati masyarakaik Maluku jo maninggaan jejak di tanah Maluku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Putri Rizqi Hernasari&quot; /&gt; Sasudah Balando datang jo manguasoi [[pulau Ambon]] pado [[1605|taun 1605]], mareka mangalahkan Portugis jo maambiak alih pondok Portugis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon&quot; /&gt; Mareka maubahnyo manjadi benteng patahanan nan dilakukan dek [[Gubernur Jenderal]] [[Jaan Ottens]] pado [[1637|taun 1637]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon&quot; /&gt; Hal iko juo didukuang dek pambentukan [[Kumpeni Balando|Perusahaan Pembuatan Terbaru]] ( [[Kumpeni Balando|VOC]] ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Putri Rizqi Hernasari&quot; /&gt; Parubahan fungsi pondok ko dilakukan karano pado maso itu tajadi parang antaro Balando jo [[Kerajaan Tanah Hitu|Karajaan Tanah Hitu]] atau Karajaan Hitu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon&quot; /&gt; Patempuran balangsuang pado taun 1633-1654 dan dari [[Kerajaan Tanah Hitu|Karajaan Tanah Hitu]] dipimpin dek [[Kapitan Kakialy|Kapten Kakialy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon&quot; /&gt;

== Pambangunan ==
Gubernur Jenderal Jaan Ottens marusak kantua  urang Portugis jo mambangun rumah batu barupo benteng pado [[1637|taun 1637.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Malukueyes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://malukueyes.com/heritage/the-fortress/6-benteng-amsterdam-hila|title=''Benteng Amsterdam - Hila''|publisher=Malukueyes.com|access-date=17 Juli 2026|archive-date=2015-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429063035/http://www.malukueyes.com/heritage/the-fortress/6-benteng-amsterdam-hila|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pambangunan benteng ditambahi jo paga nan mangaliliangannyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Malukueyes&quot; /&gt; Pado [[1642|taun 1642]], benteng ko dipagadang dek [[Gerrard Demmer]] dan kamudian pambangunannyo ditaruihkan pado [[1649|taun 1649]] dek Gubernur Jenderal [[Anthony Caan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambon.go.id/benteng-amsterdam/|title=''Benteng Amsterdam''|publisher=Ambon.go.id|access-date=8 Mei 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pambangunan benteng tasabuik salasai pado [[1649-1656|taun 1649-1656]] dek [[Arnold de Vlaming van Ouds Hoorn]] (antagonis manuruik [[urang Ambon]] dan [[Kepulauan Lease|Lease]] ) dan manamoinyo Benteng Amsterdam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pemerintah Kota Ambon2&quot; /&gt;

== Akses ka lokasi ==
Untuak sampai ka Benteng Amsterdam, sanak dapek manyewa minibus dari Bandara Pattimura, atau dapek naiak rute bus kota Laha, kamudian naiak rute bus mini Hila. Lokasi Benteng Amsterdam barado di Negeri Kaitetu, Kecamatan Leihitu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku.

== Rujuakan ==

[[Kategori:WikiMaluku]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Baileo Negeri Haruku</title>
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      <text bytes="5141" sha1="cu22burk64giha52f48awvpk19idynx" xml:space="preserve">'''Baileo Negeri Haruku''' adolah sabuah bangunan [[rumah adaik]] (rumah baileo) nan marupokan pusek kagiatan adaik sarato pandidiakan budayo masyarakaik nan talatak di [[Negeri Haruku]], kecamatan [[Pulau Haruku, Maluku Tengah|Pulau Haruku]], [[Kabupaten Maluku Tengah|Kabupaten Maluku Tangah]], Provinsi [[Maluku]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://brwa.or.id/wa/view/ZDBmanNVbVc2dzA|title=Wilayah Adat Negeri Haruku|publisher=Badan Registrasi Wilayah Adat|access-date=2026-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407144453/https://brwa.or.id/wa/view/ZDBmanNVbVc2dzA|archive-date=2024-04-07|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Latak baileo ko sangek pantiang di tangah pamukiman nagari sabagai pusek pangaturan kedaulatan patuanan wilayah satampek.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://balaibahasaprovinsimaluku.kemendikdasmen.go.id/2016/08/semiotika-ruang-dalam-peresmian-baeleo-negeri-haruku/|title=Semiotika Ruang Dalam Peresmian Baeleo Negeri Haruku|publisher=Balai Bahasa Provinsi Maluku}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangunan adaik iko indak cuman batagak sabagai benda mati paninggalan sijarah sajo, malainkan bafungsi sabagai tampek rasmi pakumpulan untuak malangsuangkan musyawarah desa, mambicarokan baragam urusan aturan nagari, inggo manjadi latak pusek palaksanaan babagai upacara adaik sakral. Baileo iko dipagunoan sabaiak-baiaknyo manjadi urat nadi pamasatu panduduak di dalam nagari untuak manatapkan atauran dan manyalasaikan apo sajo ujuang pabedaan pandapek nan ado malalui jalua musyawarah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribun-maluku.com/tuasikal-resmi-baileo-negeri-haruku/03/13/|title=''Tuasikal Resmi Baileo Negeri Haruku''|publisher=Tribun Maluku}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajarah ==
[[Berkas:Baileo_Negeri_Haruku_01.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Baileo Negeri Haruku]]
Sabalun bakambang takah pado maso kini, Baileo Negeri Haruku mampunyoi pangkajian sijarah sarato makna nan mandalam baitu juo sajak zaman saisuak. Dipandang dari suduik pandang semiotika ruang, baileo iko bukan hanyo sakadar struktur bagonjong bantuak fisik biaso nan tabuek dari susunan tiang jo atok daun rumbia, tatapi iko adolah marupokan bantuak pangejawantahan (perwujudan) dari nilai-nilai filosofi sarato kearifan lokal nan malakaik arek pado batin niniak moyang masyarakaik Haruku. Manuruik pamahaman budayo satampek, bangunan baileo iko umumnyo dirancang dalam bantuak rumah panggung, nan mambuek lantai bangunannyo manjulang di ateh mungko tanah pado katinggian tatantu, sarato indak mampunyoi dindiang pambateh nan tatutuik pado kida-kanannyo. Konstruksi tabukak bantuak iko mambaok sabuah makna nan sangek mandalam; inyo sabana malambangkan sipaik katerbukaan, transparansi di dalam palaksanaan pamarintahan nagari, sarato manggambaran kamanunggalan antaro kamanusiaan basamo jo alam lingkungan sarato roh-roh niniak moyang nan dipicayoi dapek kalua-masuak sacaro bebas untuak tatap turuik manjago nagari tasabuik.

Salain pado itu, panempatan tiang-tiang panyangga pado struktur baileo indak pernah dibuek sacaro sumbarangan. Tiang tasabuik umumnyo malambangkan marga-marga, fam, atau &quot;soa&quot; nan bagabuang di dalam tatanan kasatuan pamarintahan Negeri Haruku. Baileo batindak sabagai parpanjangan rasmi pangadilan adaik panduduak. Malalui sabuah musyawarah gadang nan biasonyo diputuihkan rami di dalam rumah ikolah baragam aturan palinduangan lingkungan co hukum budayo ''Sasi'' (tamasuak tradisi mambuka sarato manutuik panangkokan Sasi Lompa) taruih dirumuskan sarato ditagakkan palaksanaannyo satiok maso untuak malinduangi patuanan darat jo patuanan lauik nagari.

== Pambangunan ==
Pado maso pakambangan zaman nan samakin maju, kaadaan fisik baileo sabagai warisan paninggalan bangunan saisuak tantu mamaralukan parawatan sarato pamugaran supayo indak lapuak dimakan umua. Untuak manjago kalestarian hiduik badampiangan sarato taruih ba-adaik, masyarakaik basamo pamarintah daerah satampek pado akhianyo turuik malakukan usaho pambangunan atau pamugaran baliak Baileo Nagari Haruku iko. Palaksanaan paresmian dari pambangunan baliak baileo iko ditandoi pulo jo sabuah upacara adaik nan sangek gadang nan turuik rami dihadiri dek sadoalah warga nagari sarato para pamangku kapantiangan pamarintahan.

Bupati Maluku Tangah pado wakatu tasabuik, Bapak Abua Tuasikal, sacaro langsuang datang marasmiakan panggunaan baliak Baileo Nagari Haruku ko pado masyarakaik banyak. Paresmian tasabuik diartikan mambaok pasan sabagai tando parpanjangan komitmen batin masyarakaik nagari sarato bantuak palinduangan riil dari pamarintah daerah untuak mambantu mampatahankan eksistensi limbago-limbago adaik, baiak kearifan sarato idantitas budayo masyarakaik Maluku dari aruah pergaulan globalisasi zaman kini.

== Akses ka lokasi ==
Untuak sampai ka Baileo Negeri Haruku, Sanak dapek manggunokan transportasi lauik barupo speedboat atau kapa capek dari Palabuhan Tulehu di Pulau Ambon nan balayia lansuang manuju Palabuhan Haruku. Latak [https://web.archive.org/web/20240407144453/https://brwa.or.id/wa/view/ZDBmanNVbVc2dzA Baileo Negeri Haruku] barado tapek di tangah pamukiman panduduak Negeri Haruku, kecamatan Pulau Haruku, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku.

== Rujuakan ==


[[Kategori:WikiMaluku]]</text>
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# [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2026 10.57 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 21.22 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|Afdhal Sy]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2026 07.26 (WIB)
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# [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2026 10.57 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 21.22 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|Afdhal Sy]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2026 07.26 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Sandi rambe|Sandi rambe]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Sandi rambe|maota]])</text>
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      <text bytes="521" sha1="2djo94jcf7ttder1lv3mq5cj8dzi7oy" xml:space="preserve"># [[Pangguno:Adhmi|Adhmi]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Adhmi|maota]]) 9 Oktober 2026 20.07 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2026 10.57 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 21.22 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|Afdhal Sy]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2026 07.26 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Sandi rambe|Sandi rambe]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Sandi rambe|maota]])2 November 2026 18.21 (WIB)</text>
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# [[Pangguno:Naval Scene|Naval Scene]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Naval Scene|maota]]) 26 Oktober 2026 10.57 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Rang Djambak|Rang Djambak]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Rang Djambak|maota]]) 30 Oktober 2026 21.22 (WIB)
# [[Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|Afdhal Sy]] ([[Rundiang Pangguno:Afdhal Sy|maota]]) 1 Nopember 2026 07.26 (WIB)
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  <page>
    <title>Kerkhof Sawahlunto</title>
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      <text bytes="2565" sha1="8czyw09om3wzdtig3od2hj5my0cjl6m" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Kherkhof Sawahlunto 01.jpg|jmpl]]
[[Berkas:Kompleks_Makam_Belanda_Sawahlunto.jpg|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Kompleks_Makam_Belanda_Sawahlunto.jpg|jmpl|Kompleks Makam Belanda Sawahlunto]]
'''Kompleks Makam Belanda Sawahlunto''' atau disabuik juo Kerkhof Sawahlunto marupokan salah satu dari [[:id:Cagar_budaya|cagar budaya]] paninggalan [[:id:Belanda|Belanda]] yang ado di [[:id:Kota_Sawahlunto|Kota Sawahlunto]]. Daerah iko alah ado sajak taun 1917 dan barisi 94 kuburan, nan tadiri dari kuburan miliak anggota agamo [[:id:Kristen|Kristen]] dan babarapo makam [[:id:Bangsa_Jepang|Jepang]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://halonusa.com/sejarah-cagar-budaya-kompleks-makam-belanda-kerkhof-di-kota-sawahlunto|title=Sejarah Cagar Budaya Kompleks Makam Belanda (Kerkhof) di Kota Sawahlunto|website=halonusa.com|language=id|access-date=2024-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Istilah ''kerkhof'' sabananyo tadiri dari duo kato: ''kerk'' jo ''hoff''. ''Kerk'' aratinyo gereja dan hoff aratinyo halaman atau lapangan. Namo iko barasa dari tradisi Balando nan alah lamo mangubuaan anggota kaluarga nan alah maningga di sampiang gereja, nan mancaminkan kanyataan baso mayoritas panduduak Balando baagamo Kristen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kidalnarsis.com/2018/09/kerkhoff-sawahlunto.html|title=Kerkhof Sawahlunto Kuburan Belanda dan Kejayaan Kota Tambang Batubara|last=Haryanto|first=Bayu|access-date=2024-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hal iko mambuek kato kerkhof lamo-lamo manjadi kato nan aratinyo pemakaman.

== Lokasi ==
Kompleks Makam Belanda Sawahlunto (Kerkhof) barado di Kelurahan [[:id:Lubang_Panjang,_Barangin,_Sawahlunto|Lubang Panjang]], Kecamatan [[:id:Barangin,_Sawahlunto|Barangin]], Kota Sawahlunto. Kerkhof talatak indak jauah dari jantuang kota Sawahlunto dan arahnya manuju MTSN 1 Sawahlunto. Pemakaman Belanda iko berada pado titiak koordinat -0.6755517094305961, 100.76933907920484 dan bisa sajo tampak dari Puncak Cemara jikok diliek jo taliti. Posisi kuburan ini berada di atas pabukikan dengan kontur yang indak rato dan mamanjang dari utara ka selatan. Lokasi Kerkhof juga dekat dengan ladang dan pekarangan warga setempat.

== Gambar ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Berkas:Kherkhof Sawahlunto 02.jpg
Berkas:Kherkhof Sawahlunto.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Pranala luar ==

* [https://niadilova.wordpress.com/2024/03/17/senarai-nama-nama-orang-belanda-yang-meninggal-di-sawahloento-di-zaman-kolonial/ Senarai nama-nama orang Belanda yang meninggal dunia di Sawahlunto 1880-1900]

== Referensi ==
{{Orphan|date=Juli 2025}}
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[Kategori:WikiJalajah 2.0]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Artikel nan Tapiliah/Nopember 2026</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>478843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3353477</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T03:22:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Urang Kamang</username>
        <id>1673</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;[[Berkas:Che Guevara - Guerrillero Heroico by Alberto Korda.jpg|left|150px]] '''Ernesto''' &quot;'''Che'''&quot; '''Guevara''' adolah saurang tokoh revolusioner [[Marxisme|Marxis]], dokter, pamimpin gerilya, jo diplomat asa [[Argentina]] nan manjadi salah satu tokoh utamo dalam manggalang [[Revolusi Kuba]]. Sasudah diradikalisasi dek kamiskinan nan inyo saksikan katiko mangaliliangi [[Amerika Selatan]], Che bagabuang jo [[Fidel Castro]] sarato [[Gerakan 26 Juli]] untuak mangg...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1598" sha1="kmhumfy0by8jvw17b9em1ssuohib9uo" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Che Guevara - Guerrillero Heroico by Alberto Korda.jpg|left|150px]]
'''Ernesto''' &quot;'''Che'''&quot; '''Guevara''' adolah saurang tokoh revolusioner [[Marxisme|Marxis]], dokter, pamimpin gerilya, jo diplomat asa [[Argentina]] nan manjadi salah satu tokoh utamo dalam manggalang [[Revolusi Kuba]]. Sasudah diradikalisasi dek kamiskinan nan inyo saksikan katiko mangaliliangi [[Amerika Selatan]], Che bagabuang jo [[Fidel Castro]] sarato [[Gerakan 26 Juli]] untuak manggulingakan diktator [[Kuba]], [[Fulgencio Batista]]. Salapeh kamanangan revolusi, inyo mamainkan paran pantiang dalam pamarintahan Kuba, takah malaksanakan [[Hukum Reformasi Agraria Kuba|reformasi agraris]], mampromosikan [[Kampanye Melek Huruf Kuba|kampanye melek huruf]], manjabat sabagai direktur pasukan basanjato, sarato mandukuang panampekan rudal nuklir [[Uni Soviet]] nan mamicu [[Krisis Misil Kuba]] pado taun 1962. Guevara kudian maninggaan Kuba pado taun 1965 untuak mamicu revolusi di lua nagari, namun inyo akhianyo ditangkok jo dieksekusi di [[Bolivia]] pado taun 1967 dek militer satampek nan dibantu dek [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. Hinggo kini, Che manjadi tokoh sijarah nan sangek bapangaruah sarato lambang dari babarapo gerakan kiri, samantaro fotonyo nan bajudul ''[[Guerrillero Heroico]]'' dianggap sabagai salah satu foto paliang tanamo di dunia.'''([[Che Guevara|salangkoknyo...]])'''

&lt;small&gt;Artikel nan Tapiliah sabalunnyo: [[Michelle Yeoh]] &amp;ndash; [[Rasuna Said]] &amp;ndash; [[Gampo bumi Sumatera Barat 2009]] &amp;ndash; [[Batu basurek Pagaruyuang I]]&lt;/small&gt;

[[Kategori:Artikel nan Tapiliah 2026]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yangon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>478844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3353494</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T10:17:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rang Djambak</username>
        <id>14874</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;[[File:Yangon View South.jpg|thumb]]  Yangon, nan ditransliterasian juo dalam bahaso Inggirih sabagai Rangoon,{{sfn|Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yangon – Definition, Meaning &amp; Synonyms |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Vocabulary.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; adolah ibu kota Region Yangon jo kota tagadang di Myanmar. Yangon marupokan ibu kota Myanmar hinggo tahun 2005 jo tetap manjalanan fungsi tu sa...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="18321" sha1="2ap5fspdhd7bqwyj9elkyofw9ktp1vd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Yangon View South.jpg|thumb]]

Yangon, nan ditransliterasian juo dalam bahaso Inggirih sabagai Rangoon,{{sfn|Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yangon – Definition, Meaning &amp; Synonyms |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Vocabulary.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; adolah ibu kota Region Yangon jo kota tagadang di Myanmar. Yangon marupokan ibu kota Myanmar hinggo tahun 2005 jo tetap manjalanan fungsi tu sampai tahun 2006, katiko pamarintah militer mamindahan fungsi-fungsi administratif ka Naypyidaw, ibu kota nan dibangun khusus di bagian utara tangah Myanmar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |title=Burma's new capital stages parade |work=BBC News |date=27 March 2006 |access-date=3 August 2006 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203065423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jo panduduak labiah dari limo juta urang, Yangon marupokan kota tapadek di Myanmar sakaliguih pusek komersial tapantiang nagara tu.

Yangon mampunyoi jumlah bangunan dari era kolonial tagadang di Asia Tenggara,{{sfn|Martin|2004|}} sarato kawasan inti pakotaan dari era kolonial nan unik jo masih tapaliharo dengan sangaik baiak.{{sfn|Langfitt|2014}} Kawasan komersil inti dari era panjajahan bapusek di sakitar Pagoda Sule, nan konon bausia labiah dari 2.000 tahun.{{sfn|De Thabrew|2014}} Kota ko juo manjadi lokasi Pagoda Shwedagon nan balapih ameh, pagoda Buddha paliang suci jo takenal di Myanmar.

Yangon mahadoki kakurangan infrastruktur nan sangaik parah, tautamo jikok dibandiangan jo kota-kota gadang lainnyo di Asia Tenggara, takah Jakarta, Bangkok, atau Hanoi. Transportasi kareta api khususnyo masih sangaik kurang.{{sfn|Øren Aldal|Overland|2025|p=767}} Maskipun banyak bangunan tampek tingga jo komersial basijarah di pusek Yangon alah direnovasi, sabagian gadang kota satelit nan mangaliliangi kota tu masih maalami kamiskinan kronis jo kakurangan infrastruktur dasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rapid migration and lack of cheap housing fuels Yangon slum growth |url=http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |website=Myanmar Now |access-date=8 April 2017 |date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913180352/http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah ==
=== Sijarah awal ===
Yangon didirian jo namo Dagon pado awal abaik ka-11 (sakitar 1028–1043) dek urang Mon, nan pado wakatu itu mandiami Burma Ilia.&lt;ref&gt;Smith-Forbes 1882, p. [https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog/page/n30 20]. Founded during the reign of King Pontarika.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Harvey 1925, p. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]. The king's reign was from 1028 to 1043.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagon manjadi kota pagoda nan pantiang dek para paziarah sajak abaik ka-14, pado maso Karajaan Hanthawaddy. Gubernur Dagon nan takenal antaro lain Putri Maha Dewi, nan mamarintah kota tu dari 1364 hinggo 1392,{{sfn|Pan Hla|2005|p=54}} sarato cicit padusinyo, Shin Saw Pu, nan kamudian manjadi satu-satunyo ratu nan mamarintah ateh namonyo surang dalam sijarah Burma. Pado 1460, Ratu Saw Pu mambangun sabuah istana di dakek Pagoda Shwedagon di kota tu jo mahabihan maso hiduiknyo sasudah maunduran diri dari pamarintahan di istana tu hingga maningga pado 1471.{{sfn|Morse|Morse|Converse|1823}}{{sfn|Harvey|1925|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]}}

Pado 1755, Rajo Alaungpaya, pandiri Dinasti Konbaung, marabuik Dagon jo kamudian manambah mambangun pamukiman di sakitarnyo, jo manamou kota nan alah dipalaweh tu “Yangon”. Pado tahun 1790-an, Parusahaan Hindia Timur mambukak sabuah pabrik di Yangon. Jumlah panduduak kota pado 1823 dipakiroan sakitar  30.000 jiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee21grea |title=Imperial gazetteer of India .. |last1=Great Britain. India Office |last2=Hunter |first2=William Wilson |last3=Cotton |first3=James Sutherland |last4=Burn |first4=Richard |last5=Meyer |first5=William Stevenson |date=1907 |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon Press |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inggirih marabuik Yangon salamo Parang Inggirih–Burma Patamo (1824–1826), tapi mambaliakan kota tu ka pamarintah Burma sasudah parang tu baakhia. Kota ko hancua akibaik kabakaran pado 1841.{{sfn|Kyaw|2006|pp=333–334}}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite dictionary |chapter=Rangoon, n. |date=2023-03-02 |dictionary=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oed/1808019758| ref={{sfnref|Oxford English Dictionary}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Martin |first=Steven |date=30 March 2004 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3578993.stm |title=Burma maintains bygone buildings |work=BBC News |access-date=22 May 2006 |archive-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408162817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |title=As Myanmar Modernizes, Architectural Gems Are Endangered |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=NPR |first=Frank|last=Langfitt|date=4 June 2014 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191503/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=De Thabrew |first1=W. Vivian |title=Buddhist Monuments And Temples of Myanmar And Thailand |date=11 March 2014 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4918-9622-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGg6AwAAQBAJ&amp;q=sule+pagoda&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=8 April 2017}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Øren Aldal|first=Malin |last2=Overland |first2=Indra |date=2025-08-07 |title=Does ASEAN climate policy pay sufficient attention to public transportation? |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01716-6 |journal=Discover Sustainability |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s43621-025-01716-6 |issn=2662-9984|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book |title=Legendary History of Burma and Arakan |url=https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog |year=1882 |first=Charles James Forbes|last=Smith-Forbes |publisher=The Government Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Harvey |first=G. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463|title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 |publisher=Frank Cass &amp; Co. Ltd |year=1925 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing ed.)|last=Pan Hla |first=Nai |publisher=Armanthit Sarpay |orig-date=1968 |year=2005 |location=Yangon}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/newuniversalgaze00morsrich |title=A new universal gazetteer, or geographical dictionary .. |last1=Morse |first1=Jedidiah |last2=Morse |first2=Richard C. (Richard Cary) |last3=Converse |first3=S. |date=1823 |publisher=New Haven, S. Converse |others=University of California Libraries}}
* {{Cite book |title=Indian Communities in south-east Asia – Some Aspects of Indians in Rangoon |last=Tin Maung Maung Than |publisher=Institute of south-east Asian Studies |year=1993 |isbn=978-981-230-418-6}}
* {{Cite book |title=Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments |first=Kyaw |last=Kyaw |isbn=978-3-8258-0042-0 |editor1=Frauke Krass |editor2=Hartmut Gaese |editor3=Mi Mi Kyi |publisher=Lit Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2006}}
* {{cite web|first=Anbarasan|last=Ethirajan |title=Remembering the last Mughal emperor |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41884390 |website=BBC |access-date=11 June 2021 |date=8 November 2017 |archive-date=11 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611032521/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41884390 |url-status=live}}
*{{Cite book |last=Falconer |first=John |year=2001 |title=Burmese Design &amp; Architecture |isbn=978-962-593-882-0 |publisher=Periplus |location=Hong Kong |display-authors=etal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grace |first=John D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YfDgAAQBAJ |title=Heads of State and Government |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-349-65771-1}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Beyond Rangoon |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=5745&amp;page=3 |date=1 May 2006 |first=Edward |last=Blair |magazine=The Irrawaddy |access-date=30 August 2008 |archive-date=4 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004130347/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=5745&amp;page=3 }}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-333/b006.htm |title=Pioneering FMI City 'the best in Yangon' |first=Zaw |last=Htet |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=7 September 2008 |date=2006|archive-date=14 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114013535/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-333/b006.htm }}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2001/2-2001/nga.htm |title=Ngamoeyeik Bridge |first=Kyi Kyi |last=Hla |date=1 February 2001 |access-date=7 September 2008 |archive-date=19 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119074811/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2001/2-2001/nga.htm |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |first=Eli|last=Meixler|title=How a Failed Democracy Uprising Set the Stage for Myanmar's Future |url=https://time.com/5360637/myanmar-8888-uprising-30-anniversary-democracy/ |access-date=11 June 2021 |date=8 August 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919162950/https://time.com/5360637/myanmar-8888-uprising-30-anniversary-democracy/ |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no427/b004.htm |title=Long road back for industrial recovery |date=14 July 2008 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-date=30 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045910/http://www.mmtimes.com/no427/b004.htm |ref ={{sfnref|Lwin|2008}}}}
* {{Cite web |title=Life in Myanmar's Yangon after COVID and a coup |date=March 24, 2023 |first1=Michael |last1=Kemp |url=https://www.dw.com/en/life-in-myanmars-yangon-after-covid-and-a-coup/a-65105276 |access-date=2023-08-22 |website= DW |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408124325/https://www.dw.com/en/life-in-myanmars-yangon-after-covid-and-a-coup/a-65105276 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite journal |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-332/b007.htm |title=Market reforms lead to Bayintnaung boom |first1=Zaw |last1=Htet |first2=May Thanda |last2=Win |name-list-style=amp |date=4 September 2006 |journal=The Myanmar Times |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129150553/http://myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-332/b007.htm |archive-date=29 January 2009 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Industrial zones to run at night |date=26 March 2007 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |journal=The Myanmar Times}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no420/b005.htm |title=Hlaing Tharyar IZ rebuilding underway |date=2008 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=2 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045932/http://www.mmtimes.com/no420/b005.htm |archive-date=30 April 2011 |df=dmy-all|ref={{sfnref|Lwin|2008a}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |doi=10.1890/130260 |bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207073933/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=13962 |title=International Text Messaging Approved in Burma |first=Min |last=Lwin |date=21 August 2008 |magazine=The Irrawaddy |access-date=30 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811233000/http://irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=13962 |archive-date=11 August 2010 |df=dmy-all|ref={{sfnref|Lwin|2008b}}}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/highlight.php?art_id=14444 |title=Rangoon Commuters Afraid of Gas Explosions |date=14 October 2008 |first=Wai |last=Moe |magazine=The Irrawaddy |access-date=15 October 2008 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501123123/http://www.irrawaddy.org/highlight.php?art_id=14444 }}
* {{Cite journal |title=The Future of Yangon |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-325/b008.htm |date=16 July 2006 |last=May Thanda Win |journal=The Myanmar Times |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121094338/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-325/b008.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite book |title=Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments |last=Zin Nwe Myint |isbn=978-3-8258-0042-0 |first2=Frauke |last2=Krass |first3=Hartmut| last3=Gaese |last4=Mi Mi Kyi |publisher=Lit Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2006}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Demand for downtown's golden oldies still strong |url=http://mmtimes.com/no449/b007.html |date=15 December 2008 |journal=The Myanmar Times |last=Htar Htar Khin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214145346/http://mmtimes.com/no449/b007.html |archive-date=14 February 2012}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/colonial-past-could-be-the-saving-of-rangoon-2219991.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/colonial-past-could-be-the-saving-of-rangoon-2219991.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Colonial past could be the saving of Rangoon |last=Kennedy |first=Phoebe |date=20 February 2011 |work=The Independent |access-date=10 March 2012}}{{cbignore}}
* {{Cite web |last=Kyaw Phyo Tha |date=2016-02-08 |title=Once-Cancelled Dagon City 1 Project Relocated to New Site |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/once-cancelled-dagon-city-1-project-relocated-to-new-site.html |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822092110/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/once-cancelled-dagon-city-1-project-relocated-to-new-site.html |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |last=Soe |first=Hein Ko |date=5 May 2017 |title=Running dry in Yangon as hot season rages |url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/running-dry-in-yangon-as-hot-season-rages/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Frontier Myanmar |language=en-US|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703060432/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/running-dry-in-yangon-as-hot-season-rages/}}
* {{Cite news |title=Digital television take-up slower than expected |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no429/b004.htm |date=3 August 2008 |last=Kyaw Hsu Mon |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=8 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045926/http://www.mmtimes.com/no429/b004.htm |archive-date=30 April 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite news |title=Myanmar edges towards pro football |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes14-277/sport.htm |date=1 August 2005 |work=The Myanmar Times |last=Zaw Htet |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514035649/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes14-277/sport.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/health/h012.htm |title=Medical tourism gives patients options |last=Thein Win Nyo |work=The Myanmar Times |date=11 June 2007 |access-date=1 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720093301/https://www.mmtimes.com/feature/health/h012.htm |archive-date=20 July 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite journal |title=High-rise building slowing down |author=Htar Htar Khin |journal=The Myanmar Times |date=February 2010 |volume=26 |issue=9}}
* {{Cite news |title=Educationalists concerned by Burmese literacy rate |url=http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=1732 |date=10 September 2008 |last=Yee May Aung |publisher=DVB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914132228/http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=1732 |archive-date=14 September 2008}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e013.htm |title=Myanmar students choosing Australian and Singapore unis |date=28 March 2008 |last=Aye Thawda Thit |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=23 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720094401/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e013.htm |archive-date=20 July 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20081011-93043.html |title=I see no future for my two sons in Myanmar. |date=13 October 2008 |first=Sandra |last=Davie |work=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |access-date=24 December 2008 |archive-date=13 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213143838/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20081011-93043.html |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e001.htm |title=HR key to development |date=28 March 2008 |last=Minh Zaw |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=23 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720031121/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e001.htm |archive-date=20 July 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Another Medical Malpractice Death in Rangoon |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17547 |last=Arkar Moe |magazine=The Irrawaddy |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=18 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112075354/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17547 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |df=dmy-all}}
{{refend|30em}}</text>
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      <comment>Mambuek [[Kategori:Kota di Myanmar]] manggunoan [[Bantuan:HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="18351" sha1="h8vqiv023f4z4f5e40e07timga7tu3p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Yangon View South.jpg|thumb]]

Yangon, nan ditransliterasian juo dalam bahaso Inggirih sabagai Rangoon,{{sfn|Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yangon – Definition, Meaning &amp; Synonyms |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Vocabulary.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; adolah ibu kota Region Yangon jo kota tagadang di Myanmar. Yangon marupokan ibu kota Myanmar hinggo tahun 2005 jo tetap manjalanan fungsi tu sampai tahun 2006, katiko pamarintah militer mamindahan fungsi-fungsi administratif ka Naypyidaw, ibu kota nan dibangun khusus di bagian utara tangah Myanmar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |title=Burma's new capital stages parade |work=BBC News |date=27 March 2006 |access-date=3 August 2006 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203065423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jo panduduak labiah dari limo juta urang, Yangon marupokan kota tapadek di Myanmar sakaliguih pusek komersial tapantiang nagara tu.

Yangon mampunyoi jumlah bangunan dari era kolonial tagadang di Asia Tenggara,{{sfn|Martin|2004|}} sarato kawasan inti pakotaan dari era kolonial nan unik jo masih tapaliharo dengan sangaik baiak.{{sfn|Langfitt|2014}} Kawasan komersil inti dari era panjajahan bapusek di sakitar Pagoda Sule, nan konon bausia labiah dari 2.000 tahun.{{sfn|De Thabrew|2014}} Kota ko juo manjadi lokasi Pagoda Shwedagon nan balapih ameh, pagoda Buddha paliang suci jo takenal di Myanmar.

Yangon mahadoki kakurangan infrastruktur nan sangaik parah, tautamo jikok dibandiangan jo kota-kota gadang lainnyo di Asia Tenggara, takah Jakarta, Bangkok, atau Hanoi. Transportasi kareta api khususnyo masih sangaik kurang.{{sfn|Øren Aldal|Overland|2025|p=767}} Maskipun banyak bangunan tampek tingga jo komersial basijarah di pusek Yangon alah direnovasi, sabagian gadang kota satelit nan mangaliliangi kota tu masih maalami kamiskinan kronis jo kakurangan infrastruktur dasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rapid migration and lack of cheap housing fuels Yangon slum growth |url=http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |website=Myanmar Now |access-date=8 April 2017 |date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913180352/http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah ==
=== Sijarah awal ===
Yangon didirian jo namo Dagon pado awal abaik ka-11 (sakitar 1028–1043) dek urang Mon, nan pado wakatu itu mandiami Burma Ilia.&lt;ref&gt;Smith-Forbes 1882, p. [https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog/page/n30 20]. Founded during the reign of King Pontarika.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Harvey 1925, p. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]. The king's reign was from 1028 to 1043.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagon manjadi kota pagoda nan pantiang dek para paziarah sajak abaik ka-14, pado maso Karajaan Hanthawaddy. Gubernur Dagon nan takenal antaro lain Putri Maha Dewi, nan mamarintah kota tu dari 1364 hinggo 1392,{{sfn|Pan Hla|2005|p=54}} sarato cicit padusinyo, Shin Saw Pu, nan kamudian manjadi satu-satunyo ratu nan mamarintah ateh namonyo surang dalam sijarah Burma. Pado 1460, Ratu Saw Pu mambangun sabuah istana di dakek Pagoda Shwedagon di kota tu jo mahabihan maso hiduiknyo sasudah maunduran diri dari pamarintahan di istana tu hingga maningga pado 1471.{{sfn|Morse|Morse|Converse|1823}}{{sfn|Harvey|1925|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]}}

Pado 1755, Rajo Alaungpaya, pandiri Dinasti Konbaung, marabuik Dagon jo kamudian manambah mambangun pamukiman di sakitarnyo, jo manamou kota nan alah dipalaweh tu “Yangon”. Pado tahun 1790-an, Parusahaan Hindia Timur mambukak sabuah pabrik di Yangon. Jumlah panduduak kota pado 1823 dipakiroan sakitar  30.000 jiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee21grea |title=Imperial gazetteer of India .. |last1=Great Britain. India Office |last2=Hunter |first2=William Wilson |last3=Cotton |first3=James Sutherland |last4=Burn |first4=Richard |last5=Meyer |first5=William Stevenson |date=1907 |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon Press |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inggirih marabuik Yangon salamo Parang Inggirih–Burma Patamo (1824–1826), tapi mambaliakan kota tu ka pamarintah Burma sasudah parang tu baakhia. Kota ko hancua akibaik kabakaran pado 1841.{{sfn|Kyaw|2006|pp=333–334}}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite dictionary |chapter=Rangoon, n. |date=2023-03-02 |dictionary=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oed/1808019758| ref={{sfnref|Oxford English Dictionary}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Martin |first=Steven |date=30 March 2004 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3578993.stm |title=Burma maintains bygone buildings |work=BBC News |access-date=22 May 2006 |archive-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408162817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3578993.stm |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |title=As Myanmar Modernizes, Architectural Gems Are Endangered |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=NPR |first=Frank|last=Langfitt|date=4 June 2014 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191503/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |url-status=live}}
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* {{cite book |title=Legendary History of Burma and Arakan |url=https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog |year=1882 |first=Charles James Forbes|last=Smith-Forbes |publisher=The Government Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Harvey |first=G. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463|title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 |publisher=Frank Cass &amp; Co. Ltd |year=1925 |location=London}}
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* {{Cite news |url=http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2001/2-2001/nga.htm |title=Ngamoeyeik Bridge |first=Kyi Kyi |last=Hla |date=1 February 2001 |access-date=7 September 2008 |archive-date=19 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119074811/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2001/2-2001/nga.htm |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |first=Eli|last=Meixler|title=How a Failed Democracy Uprising Set the Stage for Myanmar's Future |url=https://time.com/5360637/myanmar-8888-uprising-30-anniversary-democracy/ |access-date=11 June 2021 |date=8 August 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919162950/https://time.com/5360637/myanmar-8888-uprising-30-anniversary-democracy/ |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no427/b004.htm |title=Long road back for industrial recovery |date=14 July 2008 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-date=30 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045910/http://www.mmtimes.com/no427/b004.htm |ref ={{sfnref|Lwin|2008}}}}
* {{Cite web |title=Life in Myanmar's Yangon after COVID and a coup |date=March 24, 2023 |first1=Michael |last1=Kemp |url=https://www.dw.com/en/life-in-myanmars-yangon-after-covid-and-a-coup/a-65105276 |access-date=2023-08-22 |website= DW |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408124325/https://www.dw.com/en/life-in-myanmars-yangon-after-covid-and-a-coup/a-65105276 |url-status=live }}
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* {{Cite journal |title=Industrial zones to run at night |date=26 March 2007 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |journal=The Myanmar Times}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no420/b005.htm |title=Hlaing Tharyar IZ rebuilding underway |date=2008 |first=Ye |last=Lwin |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=2 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045932/http://www.mmtimes.com/no420/b005.htm |archive-date=30 April 2011 |df=dmy-all|ref={{sfnref|Lwin|2008a}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |doi=10.1890/130260 |bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207073933/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=13962 |title=International Text Messaging Approved in Burma |first=Min |last=Lwin |date=21 August 2008 |magazine=The Irrawaddy |access-date=30 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811233000/http://irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=13962 |archive-date=11 August 2010 |df=dmy-all|ref={{sfnref|Lwin|2008b}}}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/highlight.php?art_id=14444 |title=Rangoon Commuters Afraid of Gas Explosions |date=14 October 2008 |first=Wai |last=Moe |magazine=The Irrawaddy |access-date=15 October 2008 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501123123/http://www.irrawaddy.org/highlight.php?art_id=14444 }}
* {{Cite journal |title=The Future of Yangon |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-325/b008.htm |date=16 July 2006 |last=May Thanda Win |journal=The Myanmar Times |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121094338/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-325/b008.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite book |title=Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments |last=Zin Nwe Myint |isbn=978-3-8258-0042-0 |first2=Frauke |last2=Krass |first3=Hartmut| last3=Gaese |last4=Mi Mi Kyi |publisher=Lit Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2006}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Demand for downtown's golden oldies still strong |url=http://mmtimes.com/no449/b007.html |date=15 December 2008 |journal=The Myanmar Times |last=Htar Htar Khin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214145346/http://mmtimes.com/no449/b007.html |archive-date=14 February 2012}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/colonial-past-could-be-the-saving-of-rangoon-2219991.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/colonial-past-could-be-the-saving-of-rangoon-2219991.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Colonial past could be the saving of Rangoon |last=Kennedy |first=Phoebe |date=20 February 2011 |work=The Independent |access-date=10 March 2012}}{{cbignore}}
* {{Cite web |last=Kyaw Phyo Tha |date=2016-02-08 |title=Once-Cancelled Dagon City 1 Project Relocated to New Site |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/once-cancelled-dagon-city-1-project-relocated-to-new-site.html |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822092110/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/once-cancelled-dagon-city-1-project-relocated-to-new-site.html |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |last=Soe |first=Hein Ko |date=5 May 2017 |title=Running dry in Yangon as hot season rages |url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/running-dry-in-yangon-as-hot-season-rages/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Frontier Myanmar |language=en-US|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703060432/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/running-dry-in-yangon-as-hot-season-rages/}}
* {{Cite news |title=Digital television take-up slower than expected |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/no429/b004.htm |date=3 August 2008 |last=Kyaw Hsu Mon |work=The Myanmar Times |access-date=8 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045926/http://www.mmtimes.com/no429/b004.htm |archive-date=30 April 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite news |title=Myanmar edges towards pro football |url=http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes14-277/sport.htm |date=1 August 2005 |work=The Myanmar Times |last=Zaw Htet |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514035649/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes14-277/sport.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/health/h012.htm |title=Medical tourism gives patients options |last=Thein Win Nyo |work=The Myanmar Times |date=11 June 2007 |access-date=1 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720093301/https://www.mmtimes.com/feature/health/h012.htm |archive-date=20 July 2008 |df=dmy-all}}
* {{Cite journal |title=High-rise building slowing down |author=Htar Htar Khin |journal=The Myanmar Times |date=February 2010 |volume=26 |issue=9}}
* {{Cite news |title=Educationalists concerned by Burmese literacy rate |url=http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=1732 |date=10 September 2008 |last=Yee May Aung |publisher=DVB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914132228/http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=1732 |archive-date=14 September 2008}}
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* {{cite magazine |title=Another Medical Malpractice Death in Rangoon |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17547 |last=Arkar Moe |magazine=The Irrawaddy |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=18 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112075354/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17547 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |df=dmy-all}}
{{refend|30em}}

[[Kategori:Kota di Myanmar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="18501" sha1="1utcx71d2y6jbozlmmnjdbtb2qilsbm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Yangon View South.jpg|thumb]]

'''Yangon''', nan ditransliterasian juo dalam [[bahaso Inggirih]] sabagai '''Rangoon''',{{sfn|Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yangon – Definition, Meaning &amp; Synonyms |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yangon |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Vocabulary.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; adolah ibu kota [[Region Yangon]] jo kota tagadang di [[Myanmar]]. Yangon marupokan ibu kota Myanmar hinggo tahun 2005 jo tetap manjalanan fungsi tu sampai tahun 2006, katiko pamarintah militer mamindahan fungsi-fungsi administratif ka [[Naypyidaw]], ibu kota nan dibangun khusus di bagian utara tangah Myanmar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |title=Burma's new capital stages parade |work=BBC News |date=27 March 2006 |access-date=3 August 2006 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203065423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4848408.stm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jo panduduak labiah dari limo juta urang, Yangon marupokan kota tapadek di Myanmar sakaliguih pusek komersial tapantiang nagara tu.

Yangon mampunyoi jumlah bangunan dari era kolonial tagadang di [[Asia Tenggara]],{{sfn|Martin|2004|}} sarato kawasan inti pakotaan dari era kolonial nan unik jo masih tapaliharo dengan sangaik baiak.{{sfn|Langfitt|2014}} Kawasan komersil inti dari era panjajahan bapusek di sakitar [[Pagoda Sule]], nan konon bausia labiah dari 2.000 tahun.{{sfn|De Thabrew|2014}} Kota ko juo manjadi lokasi [[Pagoda Shwedagon]] nan balapih ameh, pagoda [[Agamo Buddha|Buddha]] paliang suci jo takenal di Myanmar.

Yangon mahadoki kakurangan infrastruktur nan sangaik parah, tautamo jikok dibandiangan jo kota-kota gadang lainnyo di Asia Tenggara, takah [[Jakarta]], [[Bangkok]], atau [[Hanoi]]. Transportasi kareta api khususnyo masih sangaik kurang.{{sfn|Øren Aldal|Overland|2025|p=767}} Maskipun banyak bangunan tampek tingga jo komersial basijarah di pusek Yangon alah direnovasi, sabagian gadang kota satelit nan mangaliliangi kota tu masih maalami kamiskinan kronis jo kakurangan infrastruktur dasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rapid migration and lack of cheap housing fuels Yangon slum growth |url=http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |website=Myanmar Now |access-date=8 April 2017 |date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913180352/http://www.myanmar-now.org/news/i/?id=15af2551-98ae-4b69-bc63-9091702da2fa |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sijarah ==
=== Sijarah awal ===
Yangon didirian jo namo ''[[Kota Dagon|Dagon]]'' pado awal abaik ka-11 (sakitar 1028–1043) dek [[urang Mon]], nan pado wakatu itu mandiami Burma Ilia.&lt;ref&gt;Smith-Forbes 1882, p. [https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog/page/n30 20]. Founded during the reign of King Pontarika.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Harvey 1925, p. [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]. The king's reign was from 1028 to 1043.&lt;/ref&gt; Dagon manjadi kota pagoda nan pantiang dek para paziarah sajak abaik ka-14, pado maso [[Karajaan Hanthawaddy]]. Gubernur Dagon nan takenal antaro lain Putri Maha Dewi, nan mamarintah kota tu dari 1364 hinggo 1392,{{sfn|Pan Hla|2005|p=54}} sarato cicit padusinyo, [[Shin Saw Pu]], nan kamudian manjadi satu-satunyo ratu nan mamarintah ateh namonyo surang dalam sijarah Burma. Pado 1460, Ratu Saw Pu mambangun sabuah istana di dakek Pagoda Shwedagon di kota tu jo mahabihan maso hiduiknyo sasudah maunduran diri dari pamarintahan di istana tu hingga maningga pado 1471.{{sfn|Morse|Morse|Converse|1823}}{{sfn|Harvey|1925|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463/page/n423/mode/2up 368]}}

Pado 1755, Rajo [[Alaungpaya]], pandiri [[Dinasti Konbaung]], marabuik Dagon jo kamudian manambah mambangun pamukiman di sakitarnyo, jo manamoi kota nan alah dipalaweh tu “Yangon”. Pado tahun 1790-an, [[Parusahoan Hindia Timur Baritania|Parusahaan Hindia Timur]] mambukak sabuah pabrik di Yangon. Jumlah panduduak kota pado 1823 dipakiroan sakitar  30.000 jiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee21grea |title=Imperial gazetteer of India .. |last1=Great Britain. India Office |last2=Hunter |first2=William Wilson |last3=Cotton |first3=James Sutherland |last4=Burn |first4=Richard |last5=Meyer |first5=William Stevenson |date=1907 |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon Press |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inggirih marabuik Yangon salamo [[Parang Inggirih–Burma Patamo]] (1824–1826), tapi mambaliakan kota tu ka pamarintah Burma sasudah parang tu baakhia. Kota ko hancua akibaik kabakaran pado 1841.{{sfn|Kyaw|2006|pp=333–334}}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite dictionary |chapter=Rangoon, n. |date=2023-03-02 |dictionary=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oed/1808019758| ref={{sfnref|Oxford English Dictionary}}}}
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* {{cite news |title=As Myanmar Modernizes, Architectural Gems Are Endangered |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=NPR |first=Frank|last=Langfitt|date=4 June 2014 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191503/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/04/299058830/as-myanmar-modernizes-architectural-gems-are-endangered |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=De Thabrew |first1=W. Vivian |title=Buddhist Monuments And Temples of Myanmar And Thailand |date=11 March 2014 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4918-9622-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGg6AwAAQBAJ&amp;q=sule+pagoda&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=8 April 2017}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Øren Aldal|first=Malin |last2=Overland |first2=Indra |date=2025-08-07 |title=Does ASEAN climate policy pay sufficient attention to public transportation? |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01716-6 |journal=Discover Sustainability |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s43621-025-01716-6 |issn=2662-9984|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book |title=Legendary History of Burma and Arakan |url=https://archive.org/details/legendaryhistor00smitgoog |year=1882 |first=Charles James Forbes|last=Smith-Forbes |publisher=The Government Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Harvey |first=G. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9463|title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 |publisher=Frank Cass &amp; Co. Ltd |year=1925 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing ed.)|last=Pan Hla |first=Nai |publisher=Armanthit Sarpay |orig-date=1968 |year=2005 |location=Yangon}}
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{{refend|30em}}

[[Kategori:Kota di Myanmar]]</text>
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