വിക്കിപീഡിയ mlwiki https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter മീഡിയ പ്രത്യേകം സംവാദം ഉപയോക്താവ് ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം വിക്കിപീഡിയ വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംവാദം പ്രമാണം പ്രമാണത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം മീഡിയവിക്കി മീഡിയവിക്കി സംവാദം ഫലകം ഫലകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം സഹായം സഹായത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം വർഗ്ഗം വർഗ്ഗത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം കവാടം കവാടത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം കരട് കരട് സംവാദം TimedText TimedText talk ഘടകം ഘടകത്തിന്റെ സംവാദം Event Event talk 0 1858 4644349 4605093 2026-07-08T09:04:35Z ~2026-38759-31 220078 4644349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featured}} {{Infobox sport | name = ഫുട്ബോൾ | image = Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = എതിർ ടീമിലെ പ്രതിരോധ നിരക്കാരനെ ( വെള്ള ജേഴ്സി) മറികടന്ന് ഗോൾ നേടാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുന്ന മുന്നേറ്റ നിരക്കാരൻ(10). തടയുവാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുന്ന ഗോളി. | union = [[ഫിഫ]] | nickname = ഫുട്ബോൾ, സോക്കർ, സുന്ദരമായ *,കളി, ലോക കളി<ref>{{cite web|title=In a globalised world, the football World Cup is a force for good|url=http://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727|publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=11 July 2014|archive-date=2023-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306030559/https://theconversation.com/in-a-globalised-world-the-football-world-cup-is-a-force-for-good-28727|url-status=live}}</ref> | first = ഡിസംബർ 19, 1863, ലൈയിംസ് ഫീൽഡ്, ലണ്ടൻ, ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/fa150 |title=The fa 1863-2013. |access-date=2016-05-01 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207022626/http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/fa150 |url-status=live }}</ref> | country/region = ലോകം മുഴുവൻ | registered = | clubs = | contact = അതെ, പരിമിതമായ | team = 11 പേർ (ഗോളി അടക്കം) | mgender = അതെ, വ്യത്യസ്ത മത്സരം | category = ടീം സ്പോർട്സ്, പന്ത് കളി | equipment = പന്ത് | venue = ഫുട്ബോൾ മൈതാനം | olympic = അതെ, പുരുഷന്മാർ 1900 ഒളിംപിക്‌സ് മുതൽ, വനിതകൾ 1996 ഒളിംപിക്‌സ് മുതൽ | paralympic = Yes, [[Paralympic association football#Football 5-a-side|5-a-side]] since [[2004 Summer Paralympics|2004]] and [[Paralympic association football#Football 7-a-side|7-a-side]] since [[1984 Summer Paralympics|1984]] }}[[പ്രമാണം:La mejor Hinchada de Futbol Argentino.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|250px|ഫുട്ബോളിൽ, ആരാധകരുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന ലക്ഷ്യം മത്സര സമയത്ത് അവരുടെ ടീമിനെ പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്.]] ലോകത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ജനപ്രിയതയുള്ള കായിക വിനോദമാണ്‌ '''കാൽപന്തുകളി''' അഥവാ '''ഫുട്ബോൾ'''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572379/Soccer.html |title=Soccer |publisher=MSN |encyclopedia=Encarta |accessdate=2007-10-07 |archive-date=2009-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028075103/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572379/Soccer.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guttman |first=Allen |editor=Eric Dunning, Joseph A. Maguire, Robert E. Pearton |title=The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach |origyear=1993 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] |isbn=0880116242 |pages=p129 |chapter=The Diffusion of Sports and the Problem of Cultural Imperialism |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=tQY5wxQDn5gC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=6ns3wVUEGV&sig=SZPKYSDMJBrO1uV4mPxNbKyAuJY#PPA129,M1 |quote=the game is complex enough not to be invented independently by many preliterate cultures and yet simple enough to become the world's most popular team sport }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunning |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Dunning |title=Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation |origyear=1999 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=0415064139 |pages=p103 |chapter=The development of soccer as a world game |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=X3lX_LVBaToC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=world%27s+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=ehee9Lr9o1&sig=nyvDhcrPoR8lXhYKE7k4CZYg_qU#PPA103,M1 |quote=During the twentieth century, soccer emerged as the world's most popular team sport |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511095611/http://books.google.com/books?id=X3lX_LVBaToC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=world%27s+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=ehee9Lr9o1&sig=nyvDhcrPoR8lXhYKE7k4CZYg_qU#PPA103,M1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Soccer Popularity In U.S. |url=http://www.kxan.com/global/story.asp?s=5019143 |publisher=[[KXAN-TV|KXAN]] |date=[[2006-06-12]] |accessdate=2008-01-26 |quote=Soccer is easily the most popular sport worldwide, so popular that much of Europe practically shuts down during the World Cup. |location=[[Austin, Texas]] |archive-date=2008-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006105616/http://www.kxan.com/global/story.asp?s=5019143 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Frederick O. Mueller, Robert C. Cantu, Steven P. Van Camp |last= |first= |coauthors= |title=Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Sports |origdate= |origyear=1996 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] |isbn=0873226747 |pages=p57 |chapter=Team Sports |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=XG6AIHLtyaUC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=soccer+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=QzydYB5Am0&sig=w_ouIgmegjytYFfWy7k92guTNfU#PPA57,M1 |quote=Soccer is the most popular sport in the world, and its popularity is growing in the United States. It has been estimated that there were 22 million soccer players in the world in the early 1980s, and that number is increasing. In the United States soccer is now a major sport at both the high school and college levels }}</ref> പതിനൊന്നു പേരടങ്ങുന്ന രണ്ടു ടീമുകൾ തമ്മിലുളള മത്സരമാണിത്‌. ചതുരാകൃതിയിലുള്ള മൈതാനത്തിലാണ് കളി നടക്കുന്നത്. മൈതാനത്തിന്റെ രണ്ടറ്റത്തും [[ഗോൾ|ഗോൾ പോസ്റ്റ്]] സ്ഥാപിച്ചിരിക്കും. [[ഗോളം|ഗോളാകൃതിയിലുള്ള]] [[പന്ത്]] എതിർ ടീമിന്റെ ഗോളിൽ എത്തിക്കുകയാണ് ടീമുകളുടെ ലക്ഷ്യം. ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോൾ നേടുന്നവർ കളി ജയിക്കുന്നു. കാലുകൊണ്ടാണു പ്രധാനമായും ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കുന്നതെങ്കിലും കയ്യൊഴികെ മറ്റെല്ലാ ശരീര ഭാഗങ്ങളും കളിക്കാർ ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുന്നുണ്ട്‌. എന്നാൽ ഇരുടീമിലെയും ഗോൾകീപ്പർമാർക്ക്‌ പന്തു കൈകൊണ്ടു തൊടാം. കളി നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതിന് കളിക്കളത്തിനകത്ത് ഒരു പ്രധാന റഫറിയും, മൈതാനത്തിന്റെ ഇരു പാർശ്വങ്ങളിലും ഓരോ സഹ റഫറിമാരും ഉണ്ടാകും. ചൈനയിലെ [[ഹാൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|ഹാൻ സാമ്രാജ്യകാലത്താണ്]] ഫുട്ബോളിന്റെ ആദ്യരൂപം കളിച്ചിരുന്നതായി കണക്കാക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-game/britain-home-of-football.html|title=History of Football - Britain, the home of Football - FIFA.com|last=FIFA.com|website=FIFA.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-06-20|archive-date=2018-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624042908/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/the-game/britain-home-of-football.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഫുട്ബോൾ എന്ന പേരിൽ [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കയിൽ]] മറ്റു ചില കളികളുമുണ്ട്‌. അതിനാൽ തെറ്റിദ്ധാരണ ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ കാൽപന്തുകളി അവിടെ '''സോക്കർ''' എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. '''അസോസിയേഷൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ''' എന്നത് മറ്റൊരു പേരാണ്. ഫെഡറേഷൻ ഓഫ്‌ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫുട്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ, [[ഫിഫ]] ആണ്‌ ഈ കളിയുടെ നിയമങ്ങൾ പരിഷ്ക്കരിക്കുന്നതും നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്നതും. ലളിതമായ നിയമങ്ങളും പരിമിതമായ സൗകര്യങ്ങളുമാണ് ഫുട്ബോളിനെ ജനപ്രിയമാക്കുന്നത്. 200 രാജ്യങ്ങളിലായി കോടിക്കണക്കിനാളുകൾ ഈ കായികവിനോദത്തിലേർപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്‌. [[ലാറ്റിനമേരിക്ക|ലാറ്റിനമേരിക്കൻ]] രാജ്യങ്ങൾ, [[യൂറോപ്പ്‌]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലാണ്‌ ഫുട്ബോളിന്‌ ഏറ്റവും പ്രചാരമുളളത്‌. ഫുട്ബോൾ യൂറോപ്യന്മാർ കണ്ടുപിടിച്ച ഒരു കളി മാത്രമാണെന്ന ധാരണ തെറ്റാണെന്ന് ലേഖകൻ ചൂണ്ടിക്കാണിക്കുന്നു. യൂറോപ്യന്മാർ ഇതിന്റെ നിയമങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നതിന് നൂറ്റാണ്ടുകൾക്ക് മുമ്പ് തന്നെ ചൈനയിലും അമേരിക്കയിലെ തദ്ദേശീയ ഗോത്രങ്ങളിലും സമാനമായ കളികൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഫിഫയുടെ അംഗീകാരമില്ലാത്ത [[സെവൻസ്‌ ഫുട്‌ബോൾ|സെവൻസ്‌ ഫുട്‌ബോളിന്‌]] ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യൻ സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ പ്രചാരമുണ്ട്‌. == കളിക്രമം == പതിനൊന്നു പേർ വീതമടങ്ങുന്ന രണ്ടു ടീമുകൾ തമ്മിലാണ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരം.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2008-07-03 |archive-date=2007-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142527/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[പന്ത്]] കൈക്കലാക്കി എതിർ ടീമിന്റെ വലയിൽ (ഗോൾ പോസ്റ്റ്‌) എത്തിക്കുകയാണു ലക്ഷ്യം. നിശ്ചിത സമയമായ 90 മിനിട്ടിന്റെ പരിധിക്കുള്ളിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന ടീം കളി ജയിക്കുന്നു. ഇരു ടീമുകളും തുല്യ ഗോളുകളാണ്‌ നേടിയതെങ്കിൽ കളി സമനിലയിലാകും. പന്തു വരുതിയിലാക്കി കാലുകൾ കൊണ്ടു നിയന്ത്രിച്ച്‌ മുന്നോട്ടു നീങ്ങി, ടീമംഗങ്ങൾ തമ്മിൽ പരസ്പരം പന്തു കൈമാറി ഗോൾ വലയത്തിനടുത്തെത്തുമ്പോൾ ഗോൾ കീപ്പറെ കബളിപ്പിച്ച്‌ പന്തു വലയിലാക്കുക എന്നതാണ് കളിയുടെ ക്രമം‌. പന്തു കൈക്കലാക്കി ഗോളാക്കാനായി ഇത്തരത്തിൽ ടീമുകൾ തമ്മിൽ നടക്കുന്ന മത്സരമാണ്‌ ഫുട്ബോളിനെ ആവേശഭരിതമാക്കുന്നത്‌. പന്തു കളിക്കളത്തിന്റെ അതിർത്തി വരയ്ക്കു പുറത്തേക്കു പോകുമ്പോഴോ കളി നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്ന റഫറി നിർത്തി വയ്ക്കുമ്പോഴോ മാത്രമേ ഫുട്ബോൾ കളി നിശ്ചലമാകുന്നുള്ളു. == കളിനിയമങ്ങൾ == ==== ഉത്ഭവവും മാറ്റങ്ങളും ==== പല പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലായി വിവിധ നിയമങ്ങളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ കളിച്ചിരുന്ന ഫുട്ബോളിന്റെ നിയമങ്ങൾ ദീർഘകാല ശ്രമങ്ങളുടെ ഫലമായാണ്‌ ക്രോഡീകരിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്‌. ഇതിനുളള ശ്രമങ്ങൾ ശക്തമായത്‌ പത്തൊമ്പതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ മധ്യത്തിലാണ്‌. ഇന്നു നിലവിലുളള നിയമങ്ങളുടെ ഏകദേശ ചിത്രം രൂപപ്പെടുത്തിയതു കേംബ്രിഡ്ജിലെ ട്രിനിറ്റി കോളജാണ്‌. [[1848]]ൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ വിവിധ ടീമുകളെ ചർച്ചയ്ക്കിരുത്തിയാണ്‌ ഇതു സാധ്യമാക്കിയത്‌. കളിനിയമങ്ങളുടെ ക്രോഡീകരണത്തിനുളള ശ്രമങ്ങൾ [[1863]]ൽ [[എഫ്‌. എ|ദ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ]]( എഫ്‌. എ) എന്ന സംഘടനയുടെ രൂപവത്കരണത്തിനു കാരണമായി. ആ വർഷാന്ത്യം ഫുട്ബോളിന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ നിയമ പട്ടിക പുറത്തിറങ്ങി. കളിനിയമങ്ങൾ രൂപപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിൽ ഇപ്പോൾ പ്രധാന പങ്കു വഹിക്കുന്നത്‌ [[ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫുട്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ ബോർഡ്‌]](ഐ.എഫ്‌.എ.ബി.) എന്ന സംഘടനയാണ്‌. [[1882]]ലാണ്‌ ഇതു രൂപീകൃതമായത്‌. [[1904]]ൽ പാരിസിൽ രൂപംകൊണ്ട [[ഫിഫ]], ഐ.എഫ്‌.എ.ബി.യുടെ നിയമങ്ങൾ പിന്തുടരുമെന്നു പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. കാലക്രമത്തിൽ ഫുട്ബോളിലെ ഏറ്റവും ശക്തമായ സംഘടനയായി ഫിഫ മാറി. ഇന്ന് ഐ.എഫ്‌.എ.ബി.യിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ പ്രതിനിധികളുള്ളത്‌ ഫിഫയിൽ നിന്നാണ്‌. ==== ആമുഖം ==== ഔദ്യോഗികമായി പതിനേഴ്‌ പ്രധാന നിയമങ്ങളാണുളളത്‌.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/menu.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2008-07-03 |archive-date=2008-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703182337/http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/menu.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> എല്ലാ വിഭാഗത്തിലുമുളള ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിയിലും ഈ നിയമങ്ങളാണ്‌ പ്രാവർത്തികമാകുന്നതെങ്കിലും വനിതാ, ജൂണിയർ തലങ്ങളിൽ ചില്ലറ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ വരുത്തുവാൻ ദേശീയ അസോസിയേഷനുകൾക്ക്‌ അധികാരമുണ്ട്‌. ഈ നിയമങ്ങൾക്കു പുറമേ ഐ.എഫ്‌.എ.ബി. പുറപ്പെടുവിക്കുന്ന പ്രത്യേക മാർഗനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും കളിയുടെ നടത്തിപ്പിനായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. ==== കളിക്കാർ ==== [[പ്രമാണം:Football Pallo valmiina-cropped.jpg|thumb|300px|right|ഫുട്ബോൾ.]] ഓരോ ടീമിലും പതിനൊന്നു കളിക്കാരുണ്ടാവണം(പകരക്കാരെ കൂടാതെ). ഇവരിലൊരാൾ [[ഗോൾകീപ്പർ]] ആയിരിക്കും. പന്തു കൈകൊണ്ടു തൊടുവാൻ അനുവാദമുളള ഏക കളിക്കാരൻ ഗോൾ കീപ്പറാണ്‌. എന്നാൽ ''പെനാൽറ്റി ഏരിയ''( ഗോൾ പോസ്റ്റിനു മുന്നിലുള്ള 18 വാര ബോക്സ്‌)യ്ക്കുള്ളിൽ വച്ചു മാത്രമേ ഗോൾ കീപ്പർക്കും പന്തു കൈകൊണ്ടു തൊടുവാൻ അനുവാദമുള്ളു. കളിക്കാർ ഷർട്ട്‌ അഥവാ ''ജേഴ്സി'', നിക്കർ, സോക്സ്‌ എന്നിവ ധരിച്ചിരിക്കണം. തനിക്കോ മറ്റു കളിക്കാർക്കോ പരിക്കേൽക്കുന്ന വിധത്തിൽ യാതൊന്നും ധരിക്കാൻ പാടില്ല.ഇതിൽ മോതിരം മാല എന്നിങ്ങനെയുള്ള ആഭരണങ്ങളും ഉൾപ്പെടും. കളി പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നതിനിടെ ചില കളിക്കാർക്ക്‌ പകരക്കാരെ ഇറക്കാം. രാജ്യാന്തര മത്സരങ്ങളിലും മറ്റ്‌ ദേശീയ മത്സരങ്ങളിലും ഇത്തരം പകരക്കാരുടെ എണ്ണം മൂന്നായി നിജപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. എന്നാൽ ചില സൗഹാർദ്ദ മൽസരങ്ങളിൽ ഇതിനു പരിധി ഇല്ല. കളത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു താരം പരിക്കേൽക്കുമ്പോഴോ തളരുമ്പോഴോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അയാളുടെ കളിനിലവാരം താഴുന്നുവെന്ന് പരിശീലകനു തോന്നുമ്പോഴോ ആണ്‌ സാധാരണ പകരക്കാരെ ഇറക്കുന്നത്‌. അങ്ങനെ പകരക്കാരൻ കളത്തിലിറങ്ങിയാൽ ഏതു താരത്തിനും പ്രസ്തുത മത്സരത്തിൽ പിന്നീടു കളിക്കാനാകില്ല. ====പന്ത്==== സാധാരണയായി #1 മുതൽ #5 വരെയുള്ള അളവുകളിൽ പന്തുകൾ ലഭ്യമാണ്. അളവിന്റെ നംബർ കൂടുന്നതിനനുസരിച്ച് വലിപ്പവും കൂടുന്നു. ഫിഫയുടെ അംഗീകാരമുള്ള കളികൾക്ക് ലോകമെങ്ങും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത് #5 അളവിലുള്ള പന്തുകളാണ്. ഈ പന്തുകൾക്ക് 68 മുതൽ 70 സെ. മീ വരെ ചുറ്റളവും 410 മുതൽ 450 വരെ ഗ്രാം ഭാരവും ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കണം. അവയിലെ വായുമർദ്ദം സാധാരണ അന്തരീകഷമർദ്ദത്തിന്റെ 0.6 മുതൽ 1.1 വരെ മടങ്ങ് ആകാം.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(ball)#Australian_rules_football |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-04-14 |archive-date=2013-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424232248/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(ball)#Australian_rules_football |url-status=live }}</ref> ആദ്യകാലത്ത് ഏതാനും ഷഡ്ഭുജരൂപത്തിലുള്ള തുകൽക്കഷണങ്ങൾ തമ്മിൽ തുന്നിച്ചേർത്ത് ഗോളാകൃതിയിലാക്കിയാണ് കാൽപ്പന്തുകൾ നിർമ്മിച്ചിരുന്നത്. കാറ്റു നിറക്കാൻ അവക്കകത്ത് റബ്ബർ കൊണ്ടുള്ള ഒരു ബ്ലാഡർ ഉണ്ടാകും. ഇതിൽ പമ്പുപയോഗിച്ച് കാറ്റു നിറച്ച് അതിന്റെ വായ് ഭദ്രമായി കെട്ടി പന്തിനകത്തു കയറ്റിവച്ച് പന്തിന്റെ പുറംവായ് ഷൂലേസുകൾ കെട്ടുന്ന മട്ടിൽ ചരടുപയോഗിച്ച് കെട്ടിയുറപ്പിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു പതിവ്. പിൽക്കാലത്ത് നേരിട്ട് കാറ്റ് നിറക്കാവുന്ന പന്തുകൾ നിലവിൽ വന്നു. ഇവ നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത് പ്രത്യേകതരം പ്ലാസ്റ്റിക്കുകളായ പോളിയുറേത്തേൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ചാണ്. ==== കളിക്കളം ==== [[പ്രമാണം:Football pitchmetric.png|thumb|right|300px|ഫുട്ബോൾ മൈതാനത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ]] 100 മുതൽ 110 മീറ്റർ വരെ നീളവും 64-75 മീറ്റർ വരെ വീതിയുമുളള കളിക്കളമായിരിക്കണം മുതിർന്നവരുടെ ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരത്തിനുപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്‌. ദീർഘ ചതുരാകൃതിയിലായിരിക്കണം കളിക്കളം. നീളമുളള അതിർത്തിവര ''ടച്ച്‌ ലൈൻ'' എന്നും നീളം കുറഞ്ഞത്‌ ''ഗോൾ ലൈൻ'' എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇരുവശത്തെയും ഗോൾ ലൈനുകളിലാണ്‌ ''ഗോൾപോസ്റ്റുകളുടെ'' സ്ഥാനം. ഗോൾ പോസ്റ്റിനു മുന്നിലുളള 16.3 മീറ്റർ സ്ഥലത്താണ്‌ ''പെനാൽറ്റി ബോക്സ്‌''. ഗോൾ ലൈനിൽ നിന്നും കളത്തിലേക്ക്‌ 18 വാര തള്ളി നിൽക്കുന്നതിനാൽ ''18 യാർഡ്‌ ബോക്സ്‌'' എന്നും ഈ പ്രദേശം അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. കളിക്കളത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട സ്ഥലമാണിത്‌. ഈ വരയ്കു വെളിയിൽ വച്ച്‌ ഗോൾകീപ്പർ പന്തു കൈകൊണ്ടു തൊട്ടാലോ ബോക്സിനുള്ളിൽ വച്ച്‌ ഗോൾ ലക്ഷ്യമാക്കുന്ന കളിക്കാരനെ എതിർ ടീമിലെ ''ഡിഫൻഡർ'' ഫൌൾ ചെയ്താലോ സാധാരണ ഗതിയിൽ ''പെനാൽറ്റി കിക്ക്‌'' നൽകി ശിക്ഷിക്കപ്പെടും. ====ഗോൾ പോസ്റ്റ്==== രണ്ട് ഗോൾപോസ്റ്റുകൾക്കുമിടയിൽ 7.32 മീറ്റർ(8 വാര) അകലവും അവയെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന മുകൾത്തണ്ടിന്റെ അടിവശത്തിന് തറനിരപ്പിൽനിന്ന് 2.44 മീറ്റർ (8 അടി) ഉയരവുമുണ്ടായിരിക്കണമെന്നാണ് അന്താരാഷ്ട്രനിയമം. പോസ്റ്റുകൾക്കും മുകൾത്തണ്ടിനും 12 സെ.മീ. (5 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും വീതിയും വേണമെന്നും നിബന്ധനയുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/392433-dimensions-of-a-soccer-goalpost/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-04-14 |archive-date=2013-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611161559/http://www.livestrong.com/article/392433-dimensions-of-a-soccer-goalpost/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== കളിസമയം ==== 45 മിനുട്ട്‌ വീതമുളള ഇരു പകുതികളിലായാണ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരം നടക്കുക. പതിനഞ്ചു മിനുട്ടാണ്‌ ഇടവേള. മത്സരത്തിലെ വിജയിയെ കണ്ടെത്തണമെന്ന് നിർബന്ധമുളളപ്പോൾ (ഉദാ: ലോകകപ്പ് നോക്കൗട്ട് മത്സരങ്ങൾ) കളി 30 മിനുട്ട് (15x2) അധികസമയത്തേക്കു നീട്ടുന്നു. എന്നിട്ടും സമനിലയാണു ഫലമെങ്കിൽ പെനാൽറ്റി ഷൂട്ടൌട്ടിനെ ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നു. പെനാൽറ്റി ഷൂട്ടൌട്ടിലൂടെ വിജയികളെ കണ്ടെത്തുന്ന രീതിക്കുപകരമായി 1990കൾ മുതൽ രണ്ടു പരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾ നടത്തിയിരുന്നു. അധിക സമയം തുടങ്ങിയ ശേഷം ആദ്യം ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന ടീമിനെ വിജയിയായി പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു ആദ്യ രീതി. ഇതിനെ [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗോൾ]] എന്നു വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിൽ അധികസമയത്ത് ഒരു ടീം ഗോളടിച്ചാൽ അപ്പോൾ തന്നെ കളി നിർത്തി അവരെ വിജയികളായി പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കും. ഇതിനു ശേഷം നടത്തിയ പരീക്ഷണമാണ്‌ [[സിൽവർ ഗോൾ]]. അതായത്‌ അധിക സമയത്തിലെ ഏതു പകുതിയിലാണോ ഗോളടിക്കുന്നത് ആ പകുതി മുഴുവൻ കഴിയാൻ കാത്തു നിൽക്കുകയും വീണ്ടും തുല്യത പാലിക്കുകയാണെങ്കിൽ മാത്രം രണ്ടാം പകുതിയോ ഷൂട്ടൗട്ടോ തുടങ്ങുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന രീതിയെ ആണിങ്ങനെ വിളിക്കുന്നത് രണ്ടു രീതികളും ഇപ്പോൾ നിലവിലില്ല. റഫറിയാണ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരത്തിന്റെ സമയപാലകൻ. കളിക്കിടയിൽ പരിക്ക് കാരണം നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്ന സമയം നാലാം റഫറിയുടെ സഹായത്താൽ ഇരുപകുതികളിലുമായി കൂട്ടിച്ചേർക്കുന്നതും റഫറിതന്നെയാണ്‌. ഇങ്ങനെ കൂട്ടിച്ചേർക്കുന്ന സമയത്തെ ഇൻ‌ജ്വറി സമയമെന്നു പറയുന്നു. ==== കളിനിയന്ത്രണം ==== കളിക്കളത്തിനകത്തുള്ള [[റഫറി|റഫറിയാണ്‌]] ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരം നിയന്ത്രിക്കുക. കളിനിയമങ്ങൾക്കനുസരിച്ച്‌ കളി മുന്നോട്ടു കൊണ്ടുപോവുകയാണ്‌ റഫറിയുടെ ദൌത്യം. റഫറിയുടെ തീരുമാനം അന്തിമമാണ്‌. പ്രധാന റഫറിയെ സഹായിക്കുവാൻ രണ്ടു ''അസിസ്റ്റന്റ്‌ റഫറി''മാരും ഉണ്ടാകും. സുപ്രധാന മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നാലാമതൊരാളെയും കളിനിയന്ത്രണത്തിനായി കരുതാറുണ്ട്‌. ==== കളി തുടങ്ങുന്ന രീതികൾ ==== കിക്കോഫിലൂടെയാണ്‌ മത്സരം തുടങ്ങുന്നത്‌. കളിക്കളത്തിലെ മധ്യവൃത്തത്തിൽ നിന്നാണ്‌ [[കിക്കോഫ്‌]] /തുടങ്ങുന്നത്‌. കിക്കോഫ്‌ എടുക്കുന്ന ടീമിലെ രണ്ടു കളിക്കാരൊഴികെ ബാക്കിയുളളവർ മധ്യവൃത്തത്തിനു വെളിയിലായിരിക്കണം. ആദ്യത്തെ കിക്കോഫ്‌ കഴിഞ്ഞാൽ പന്ത്‌ പുറത്തു പോവുകയോ റഫറി കളി നിർത്തി വയ്ക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുന്ന സമയമൊഴികെ കളി തുടർന്നുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കും. കളി പുനരാരംഭിക്കുന്നത്‌ താഴെ പറയുന്ന രീതികളിലാണ്‌. * കിക്കോഫ്‌- ഏതെങ്കിലുമൊരു ടീം ഗോൾ നേടുമ്പോഴും ഇടവേളയ്ക്കു ശേഷവും. * ത്രോ ഇൻ- ഒരു കളിക്കാരന്റെ പക്കൽ നിന്നും പന്ത്‌ ടച്ച്‌ ലൈൻ കടന്നു പുറത്ത്‌ പോയാൽ എതിർ ടീമിന്‌ അനുകൂലമായ ത്രോ ഇൻ അനുവദിക്കും. കളത്തിനു പുറത്തു നിന്നും പന്ത്‌ അകത്തേക്കെറിയുകയാണിവിടെ. * ഗോൾ കിക്ക്‌- പന്തു സ്ട്രൈക്കറുടെ പക്കൽ നിന്നും ഗോൾലൈനു പുറത്തേക്കു പോകുമ്പോൾ ഗോളി പെനാൽട്ടി ബോക്സിനകത്തുനിന്നും എടുക്കുന്നത്. * കോർണർ കിക്ക്‌- ഏതെങ്കിലുമൊരു ടീം സ്വന്തം ഗോൾ ലൈനു പുറത്തേക്കു പന്തടിച്ചു കളഞ്ഞാൽ. * ഇൻഡയറക്ട്‌ ഫ്രീകിക്ക്‌- നിസാരമായ ഫൌളുകൾ വഴങ്ങുന്ന ടീമിനെതിരെയാണ്‌ ഇത്തരം കിക്കുകൾ. * ഡയറക്ട്‌ ഫ്രീകിക്ക്‌- ഫൌൾ അൽപം കൂടി ഗൗരവമുളളതാകുമ്പോൾ ഡയറക്ട്‌ ഫ്രീകിക്കിലൂടെ കളിതുടരും. * പെനാൽറ്റി കിക്ക്‌- സ്വന്തം പെനാൽറ്റിബോക്സിൽ‍ ഫൌൾ വഴങ്ങുന്ന ടീമിനെതിരെയാണ്‌ പെനാൽറ്റി കിക്ക്‌ വിധിക്കുക. ഗോളിയെ മാത്രം മുന്നിൽ നിർത്തി ഗോൾ ലൈനു തൊട്ടു മുൻപിലുള്ള പെനാൽറ്റി സ്പോട്ടിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ കിക്കെടുക്കുന്നു. * ഡ്രോപ്ഡ്‌ ബോൾ- ആർക്കെങ്കിലും പരിക്കു പറ്റിയോ സമാനമായ കാരണങ്ങൾകൊണ്ടോ കളിനിർത്തിവച്ചാൽ പുനരാരംഭിക്കുന്ന രീതിയാണിത്‌. * [[ഒളിംപിക് ഗോൾ]] ഇതിലേതു രീതി ആണെങ്കിലും കളി ഏതവസരത്തിലും വീണ്ടും തുടങ്ങുവാൻ പന്ത് എറിയുകയോ അടിക്കുകയോ കൈമാറുകയോ ചെയ്യുന്ന കളിക്കാരന്‌ വേറേതെങ്കിലും കളിക്കാരൻ പന്ത് തൊട്ടതിനു ശേഷമേ വീണ്ടും തൊടാൻ അനുവാദമുണ്ടായിരിക്കുകയുള്ളൂ. ഗോൾകിക്കെടുക്കുമ്പോൾ കിക്കെടുത്തു കഴിഞ്ഞ് പന്ത് പെനാൽട്ടി ഏരിയക്ക് പുറത്തെത്തിയതിനു ശേഷം മാത്രമെ ഗോളിയ്ക്കോ അയാളുടെ സഹകളിക്കാർക്കോ(എതിർടീമിനു ബാധകമല്ല) പന്ത് തൊടാനവകാശമുള്ളൂ. == അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ഫുട്ബോൾ == ഫുട്ബോളിനെ രാജ്യാന്തര തലത്തിൽ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നത്‌ ഫിഫയാണ്‌. ഫിഫയുടെ കീഴിൽ ഓരോ ഭൂഖണ്ഡങ്ങൾക്കും കോൺഫെഡറേഷനുകളും അവയ്ക്കു കീഴിൽ ദേശീയ അസോസിയേഷനുകളുമുണ്ട്‌. താഴെ പറയുന്നവയാണ്‌ കോൺഫെഡറേഷനുകൾ * ഏഷ്യ: [[ഏഷ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻ]] ( എ. എഫ്‌. സി.) * ആഫ്രിക്ക: [[കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻ ഓഫ്‌ ആഫ്രിക്കൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ]] ( സി. എ. എഫ്‌.) * വടക്കേ അമേരിക്ക: കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻ ഓഫ്‌ നോർത്ത്‌ സെൻ ട്രൽ അമേരിക്കൻ ആൻഡ്‌ കരിബിയൻ അസോസിയേഷൻ ഓഫ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ ( [[കോൺകാഫ്‌]]) * യൂറോപ്‌: യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ്‌ യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻസ്‌ ([[യുവേഫ]]) * ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ: ഓഷ്യാന ഫുട്ബോൾ കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻ( ഒ. എഫ്‌. സി.) * തെക്കേ അമേരിക്ക: സൗത്ത്‌ അമേരിക്കൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻ( കോൺമിബോൾ) == പ്രധാന രാജ്യാന്തര ഫുട്ബോൾ മത്സരങ്ങൾ == ഫുട്ബോളിലെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാന മത്സരം [[ലോക കപ്പ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ|ലോക കപ്പ്‌]] ആണ്‌. നാലു വർഷം കൂടുമ്പോൾ ഫിഫയാണ്‌ ഈ ഫുട്ബോൾ മേള സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്‌. പ്രാഥമിക തലത്തിൽ മത്സരിക്കുന്ന 190 ദേശീയ ടീമുകളിൽ നിന്നും 32 ടീമുകൾ ഒരു മാസം നീണ്ടു നിൽക്കുന്ന ലോക കപ്പ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിനു യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നു. ലോക കപ്പ് മത്സരങ്ങൾ നടക്കുന്നതിനു മുൻപുള്ള 3 വർഷക്കാലയളവിൽ നടക്കുന്ന യോഗ്യതാ റൗണ്ട് മൽസരങ്ങളിലൂടെയാണ് ഇപ്രകാരം 32 രാജ്യങ്ങൾ യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നത്. വൻകരകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് ആദ്യ ഘട്ട മത്സരങ്ങൾ നടക്കുന്നത്. [[ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്‌ ഫുട്ബോൾ]] ആണ്‌ മറ്റൊരു പ്രധാന മത്സരം. ===== മറ്റു പ്രധാന മത്സരങ്ങൾ (ക്ലബ്‌ തലം ഉൾപ്പെടെ) ===== * [[യുവേഫ യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |യൂറോ കപ്പ്‌]] * [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]] * [[യുവേഫ യൂറോപ്പ ലീഗ്]] * [[കോപ അമേരിക്ക]] * [[കോപ ലിബർട്ടഡോറസ്‌]] *[[ആഫ്രിക്കൻസ്‌ നേഷൻസ്‌ കപ്പ്‌]] *[[ഏഷ്യൻ കപ്പ്‌]] * [[എ. എഫ്‌. സി. ചാമ്പ്യൻസ്‌ ലീഗ്‌]] * [[കോൺകാഫ്‌ ഗോൾഡ്‌ കപ്പ്‌]] * [[ഓഷ്യാന കപ്പ്‌]] * [[മെർദേക്ക കപ്പ്‌]] * [[കോൺഫെഡറേഷൻസ് കപ്പ്]] * [[പ്രീമിയർ ലീഗ് |ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പ്രീമിയർ ലീഗ്]] * [[ലാ ലിഗാ|സ്പാനിഷ്‌ ലീഗ് (ലാ ലീഗാ)]] * [[സീരി എ| സീരി എ (ഇറ്റലി)]] * [[ബുണ്ടെസ്‌ലിഗാ|ജർമ്മൻ ബുണ്ടെസ്‌ലിഗാ]] *[[ഇന്ത്യൻ സൂപ്പർ ലീഗ്]] *അറബ് കപ്പ് == ചേർത്തു വായിക്കേണ്ടവ == # [[പ്രശസ്തരായ ഫുട്ബോൾ താരങ്ങൾ]] # [[പ്രശസ്തമായ ഫുട്ബോൾ ക്ലബുകൾ]] == അവലംബം == {{reflist|2}} {{Summer Olympic sports}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫുട്ബോൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പന്തുപയോഗിച്ചുള്ള കളികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ടീം കായികവിനോദങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സമ്മർ ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് കായികയിനങ്ങൾ]] s8edkmrw8v4aigiytq7zi5zp72inh0b 4 2122 4644335 4644033 2026-07-08T07:45:41Z Vijayanrajapuram 21314 [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Muhammad the false prophet]] ചേർക്കുന്നു. ([[WP:Twinkle|ട്വിങ്കിൾ]]) 4644335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:വിക്കിപീഡിയ പരിപാലനം]] {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/തലക്കെട്ട്}} {{മായ്ക്കൽപത്തായം}} __TOC__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ =ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക= <!-- ഇതിനു താഴെ ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങളുടെ വിവരം ചേർക്കുക . ഉദാഹരണമായി നിങ്ങൾ നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യാനുദ്ദേശിക്കുന്ന ലേഖനത്തിന്റെ തലക്കെട്ട് കേരളം എന്നാണെങ്കിൽ എന്നു ഏറ്റവും മുകളിൽ ചേർത്ത് താൾ സേവ് ചെയ്യുക. --> <!-- താഴത്തെ വരി മാറ്റാതിരിക്കുക! ഇത് ട്വിങ്കിൾ ഗാഡ്ജറ്റിന് ആവശ്യമുണ്ട് --> <!-- നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യുന്ന ലേഖനങ്ങൾ ഇതിനു തൊട്ടു താഴെ നൽകുക --> {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Muhammad the false prophet}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജെൻസി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കാട്ടുമുളക്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കാട്ടുവെള്ളരി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പി.കെ. ഏട്ടനുണ്ണി രാജ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പി.കെ.എസ്. രാജ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജനശക്തി ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജോയ് കൂത്തൂർ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജോയ് തോമസ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജോസഫ് ചാലിശ്ശേരി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഡി.ബി. ബിനു}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/നജിം കൊച്ചുകലുങ്ക്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/നന്ദകുമാർ കളരിക്കൽ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പീറ്റർ നോക്സ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പുത്തലത്ത് ദിനേശൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പഴനി ബാബ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പള്ളിക്കൽ മൊയ്ദീൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ചെറൂപ്പ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ബിനോയ് ഡൊമിനിക്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ബി. ഭദ്ര}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/അംഗനമാർമൗലേ, ബാലേ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ധമ്മാനന്ദ ഭിഖുനി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പ്രവാസി നിവാസി പാർട്ടി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പി.എ. പൗരൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ലാലി വിൻസന്റ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ശങ്കരനാരായണൻ മലപ്പുറം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഓൺലൈൻ ഫിറ്റ്നസ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ജോൺ ടി. വേക്കൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സുസ്മിത പ്രഭാകരൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ലാവണ്യ നായർ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഇല്യാസ് പെരിമ്പലം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/അരുൺ കുമാർ എസ്. ഹരിപ്പാട്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സായി ശ്യാം രാമചന്ദ്രൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സായി ശ്യാം രാമചന്ദ്രൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പുലാമന്തോൾ മൂസ്സ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സായി ശ്യാം രാമചന്ദ്രൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/അബ്ദുൾ മുനീർ എൻ.കെ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Mercy foundation}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/വാക്കോട് മൊയ്തീൻ കുട്ടി ഫൈസി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കൊടക് അബ്ദുറഹ്‍മാൻ മുസ്‍ലിയാർ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/നാസിം ചാനടുക്കം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഡോ. ശ്രീ. ചിത്രഭാനു കെ പൊതുവാൾ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സുനിൽ ജോസഫ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പി വി സുകുമാരൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Mitun M Das}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/അപ്പുണ്ണി ഏട്ടൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/അജേഷ് മാഷ് കോട്ടായി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/തലതിരിവിൽ നിന്നും ആഞ്ജകളിലേക്ക്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സുധീർ മമ്പാട്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഇടുക്കി സീറോ-മലബാർ കത്തോലിക്കാ രൂപത}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Sanjay krishnan mt}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/വഴിച്ചെണ്ട}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പി. വി. സുകുമാരൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ടി എൻ പ്രകാശ് പുരസ്കാരം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സജി ജോസഫ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/മലയാളത്തിലെ പോർച്ചുഗീസ് പദങ്ങൾ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഡോ. ശ്രീ. ചിത്രഭാനു കെ പൊതുവാൾ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/എം.എം പുരുഷോത്തമൻ നായർ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സുന്ദരം ധനുവച്ചപുരം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ചിത്രഭാനു കെ പൊതുവാൾ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സാമൂഹിക പ്രവർത്തനം (തൊഴിൽവൃത്തിപരമായത്)}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ന്യൂനപക്ഷ പ്രീണനം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഭവാനി തമ്പുരാട്ടി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കെ. മണികണ്ഠൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ബൗദി മലയാളം നോവൽ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഭാവന ക്ലബ്ബ് & റീഡിംഗ് റൂം , പൊതുവാച്ചേരി}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/2016ലെ സമ്മർ ഒളിബിക്സിലെ അത് ലറ്റിക് മത്സരങ്ങൾ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കേരള സർവീസ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/വസീം കണ്ണൂർ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/സുധീരൻ ​​പ്ര​യാർ-1}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കേരള യാത്ര 2026}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/മഴ തോരും മുൻപേ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കേരള ഉർദു ടീച്ചേഴ്സ് അസോസിയേഷൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/കേരള സ്കൂൾ ടീച്ചേഴ്സ് അസോസിയേഷൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/മുന്നോക്ക വികസന കോർപ്പറേഷൻ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/റഫീഖ് ഇബ്രാഹിം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ആർ.രാഹുൽ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ആന്റണി കാട്ടിപ്പറമ്പിൽ}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ആൽബ്രൈറ്റ് സിൻഡ്രോം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പേറ്റന്റ് ഡക്ടസ് ആർട്ടീരിയോസിസ്}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ഗുഹ്യരോമം}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/ആൻഡ്രോപോസ്}} <!-- നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യുന്ന ലേഖനങ്ങൾ ഇതിനു മുകളിൽ ഏറ്റവും ആദ്യം നൽകുക --> 7x4z4j3f7sf6rkey7nylrbzsczsglb7 0 3396 4644294 4626729 2026-07-08T04:14:43Z ~2026-38733-37 220071 4644294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kerala Legislative Assembly}} {{Infobox legislature | name = കേരള നിയമസഭ | native_name =Kerala Legislative Assembly | native_name_lang = [[മലയാളം]] | transcription_name = | legislature = [[കേരള നിയമസഭാ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് (2026)]] | coa_pic = Seal_of_Kerala_fair_use.svg | coa_res = 250px | coa_alt = | house_type = ഏകമണ്ഡല സഭ | body = | houses = നിയമസഭ | leader1_type = [[സ്പീക്കർ (രാഷ്ട്രീയം)|സ്പീക്കർ]] | leader1 = [[തിരുവഞ്ചൂർ രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] | party1 =([[Indian National Congress|കോൺഗ്രസ്]]) | election1 = | leader3_type = സഭാ നേതാവ് ([[മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി (ഇന്ത്യ)|മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി]]) | leader3 = [[വി.ഡി. സതീശൻ]] | party3 =([[Indian National Congress|കോൺഗ്രസ്]]) | election3 = | leader4_type = [[പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവ്]] | leader4 = [[പിണറായി വിജയൻ]] | party4 =([[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|സി.പി.ഐ.എം]]) | election4 = | leader5_type = | leader5 = | party5 = | election5 = | leader6_type = | leader6 = | party6 = | election6 = | structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India Keralam Legislative Assembly 2026.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_2026_Alliance wise.svg|300px]]|By alliance}} | structure1_res = 300px | seats = '''140''' | house1 =[[നിയമസഭ]] | house2 = | political_groups1 = '''ഭരണപക്ഷം (102)''' '''{{Colorbox|#007AFF}} [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി]] {{Small|(UDF)|}} (102)''' * {{colorbox|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|കോൺഗ്രസ്]] (63) * {{colorbox|#008000}} [[Indian Union Muslim League|മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ്]] (22) *{{Color box|#CC9900}} [[Kerala Congress|കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (ജോസഫ്)]] (7) *{{Color box|#008000}} [[റെവല്യൂഷനറി സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ആർ.എസ്.പി]] (3) * {{colorbox|#CC6605}} [[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (ജേക്കബ്)]] (1) * {{Color box|#FF0000}} [[കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് മാർക്സിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|സി.എം.പി.]] (1) * {{colorbox|red}} [[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|ആർ.എം.പി.ഐ ]] (1) * [[കേരള ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി|കെ.ഡി.പി]] (1) *{{Color box|#5B617A}} [[Independent politician|സ്വതന്ത്രർ]] (3) '''പ്രതിപക്ഷം (35)''' '''{{Colorbox|#FF0000}} [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി]] {{small|(LDF)|}} (35)''' *{{Color box|#FF0000}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|സി.പി.ഐ.എം.]] (26) *{{Color box|#DE0000}} [[Communist Party of India|സി.പി.ഐ]] (08) *{{Colorbox|#008000}} [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|ആർ.ജെ.ഡി]] (1) '''മറ്റ് പ്രതിപക്ഷം (3)''' {{Colorbox|#F47216}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|ബി.ജെ.പി]] (3) | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]] | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = [[കേരള നിയമസഭാ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് (2026)|09-ഏപ്രിൽ-2026]] | last_election2 = | previous_election1 = | previous_election2 = | session_room = | session_res = 300px | session_alt = | meeting_place = [[നിയമസഭാമന്ദിരം]], [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] | website = {{URL|http://www.niyamasabha.org/}} | footnotes = |leader2=[[ഷാനിമോൾ ഉസ്മാൻ]]|leader2_type=ഡെപ്യൂട്ടി സ്പീക്കർ|party2=([[Indian National Congress|കോൺഗ്രസ്]])|leader2_term=|election2=|next_election1=2031|term_limits=5 വർഷം|background_color=#007AFF}} [[പ്രമാണം:Kerala Legislative Assembly, Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|[[തിരുവനന്തപുരം|തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ]] കേരള [[നിയമസഭാ മന്ദിരം]]]] <!-- --> [[കേരളം|കേരള സംസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ]] നിയമനിർമ്മാണസഭ '''കേരള നിയമസഭ''' എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ഏകമണ്ഡല സഭയാണ് കേരളനിയമസഭ അഥവാ ജനപ്രതിനിധിസഭ. തിരുവനന്തപുരമാണ് നിയമസഭയുടെ ആസ്ഥാനം. [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിന്റെ]] ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്ര അതിർത്തികൾക്കുള്ളിലെ 140 [[കേരളത്തിലെ നിയമസഭാ മണ്ഡലങ്ങൾ|നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലങ്ങളിൽ]] നിന്നും സാർവത്രികസമ്മതിദാനത്തിലൂടെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ജനപ്രതിനിധികളാണ് നിയമസഭയിലെ അംഗങ്ങൾ. ഇതു കൂടാതെ [[ഇന്ത്യയുടെ ഭരണഘടന|ഇന്ത്യൻ ഭരണഘടനയിലെ]] പ്രത്യേക വകുപ്പു പ്രകാരം കേരളത്തിലെ [[ആംഗ്ലോ-ഇന്ത്യൻ]]104-ാം ഭേദഗതി നിയമം (104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019) പ്രകാരമാണ് ആംഗ്ലോ-ഇന്ത്യൻ വിഭാഗത്തിന് ലോക്സഭയിലും സംസ്ഥാന നിയമസഭകളിലും നൽകിയിരുന്ന സംവരണം (നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യാനുള്ള അവകാശം) എടുത്തുമാറ്റിയത്. ജനങ്ങൾക്കിടയിൽ നിന്നും നാമനിർ‌ദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുന്ന പ്രതിനിധിയും സഭയിൽ അംഗമാണ്.<ref> {{cite web | url =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/govt_2.htm | title = കേരളനിയമസഭ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്സൈറ്റ് | accessdate = 06-10-2009 | publisher =<small>ഇൻഫർമേഷൻ സിസ്റ്റം വിഭാഗം, കേരളനിയമസഭ, തിരുവനന്തപുരം</small> | language =<small>[[ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]]</small> }} </ref> എന്നാൽ ആംഗ്ലോ-ഇന്ത്യൻ പ്രതിനിധിക്ക് സഭയിൽ വോട്ടവകാശമില്ല. നിയമസഭാ സാമാജികർ ചേർന്നു തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്ന ''[[കേരളനിയമസഭയുടെ സ്പീക്കർമാർ|സ്പീക്കർ]]'' ആണ് സഭയുടെ അധ്യക്ഷൻ. സ്പീക്കറെ സഹായിക്കാൻ [[കേരളനിയമസഭയുടെ ഡെപ്യൂട്ടി സ്പീക്കർമാർ|ഡെപ്യൂട്ടി സ്പീക്ക<nowiki/>റെയും]] അംഗങ്ങൾ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്നു. സ്പീക്കറാണ് സഭാ നടപടികൾ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നത്. [[File:Niyamasabha Mandiram.JPG|thumb|കേരള നിയമസഭാ മന്ദിരം രാത്രിയിൽ]] ==കാലാവധി== സാധാരണ നിലയിൽ സഭ സമ്മേളിക്കുന്ന ആദ്യം ദിനം മുതൽ അഞ്ചു വർഷമാണ് നിയമസഭയുടെ കാലാവധി. എന്നാൽ പ്രത്യേക സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിൽ സഭ പിരിച്ചുവിടാനുള്ള അധികാരം [[ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സംസ്ഥാന ഗവർണ്ണർ|ഗവർണ്ണർക്കുണ്ട്]]. അടിയന്തര ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ നിയമസഭയുടെ കാലാവധി ദീർഘിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഇന്ത്യൻ ഭരണഘടനയിൽ വ്യവസ്ഥകളുണ്ട്. == ചുമതലകൾ == പേരു സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ നിയമനിർമ്മാണമാണ് നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങളുടെ പ്രധാന ചുമതല. സാങ്കേതികാർത്ഥത്തിൽ നിയമ സഭയ്ക്കുള്ളിൽ നടക്കുന്ന ചർച്ചകളെല്ലാം നിയമ നിർമ്മാണവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടതാണ്. എന്നാൽ ജന പ്രതിനിധി സഭ എന്ന നിലയിൽ സംസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ പൊതുകാര്യങ്ങളും ഇവിടെ ചർച്ചാ വിഷയമാകുന്നു. അംഗങ്ങൾ പാസാക്കുന്ന നിയമങ്ങൾ ഗവർണ്ണർ അംഗീകരിച്ച് ഒപ്പുവയ്ക്കുന്നതോടെയാണ് ഔദ്യോഗികമാകുന്നത്. == ചരിത്രം == {{പ്രധാന ലേഖനം|കേരളത്തിലെ മന്ത്രിസഭകൾ}} [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയിലെ]] ജനാധിപത്യ ഭരണക്രമങ്ങളുടെ പരീക്ഷണ ശാലയായിരുന്നു [[കേരളം]] എന്നു പറയാം. സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിനു മുമ്പുതന്നെ [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിൽ]] നിയമനിർമ്മാണ സഭയടക്കമുള്ള സംവിധാനങ്ങൾ നിലനിന്നിരുന്നു. ഇന്ത്യാ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിനു മുമ്പ് [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിന്റെ]] തെക്കൻ പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ ഭരിച്ചിരുന്ന [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ]] മഹാരാജാവിന്റെ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങളാണ് കേരള നിയമസഭയുടെ പിറവിക്കു വഴിമരുന്നിട്ടതെന്നു പറയാം. കേരളത്തിന്റെ തെക്കേ അറ്റത്തെ സ്വതന്ത്രരാജ്യമായിരുന്നു തിരുവിതാംകൂർ, വേണാട് എന്ന് കൊച്ചു നാട്ടുരാജ്യത്തിൽ നിന്ന്, [[മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയുടെ]] കാലത്ത് വിശാലരൂപം പ്രാപിച്ചതണ്. 1795-ലെ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ- ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് സഖ്യം രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ പരമാധികാര നിലക്ക് മാറ്റം വരുത്തിയിരുന്നു. === തിരുവതാംകൂർ ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റിവ് കൌൺസിൽ === <!--[[പ്രമാണം:Divanschamber.jpg|thumb|right|180px|തിരുവതാംകുർ ദിവാന്റെ ചേമ്പർ. ഇവിടെയാണ് ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റിവ് കൌൺസിലിന്റെ ആദ്യ യോഗം ചേർന്നത്.]] --> നാട്ടുരാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിലാദ്യമായി നിയമനിർമ്മാണ സഭ രൂപവത്കരിച്ചത് തിരുവതാംകൂറിലാണ്. 1888 മാർച്ച് 30നാണ് എട്ടംഗങ്ങളുള്ള ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റിവ് കൌൺസിലിനു രൂപം നൽകുന്നതായി തിരുവതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജാവ് [[ശ്രീമൂലം തിരുനാൾ രാമവർമ്മ]] വിളംബരം പുറപ്പെടുവിക്കുന്നത്. മൂന്നു വർഷമായിരുന്നു കൗൺസിലിന്റെ കാലാവധി. 1888 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 23ന് തിരുവതാംകൂർ ദിവാന്റെ മുറിയിലാണ് ആദ്യത്തെ ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റിവ് കൌൺസിൽ യോഗം കൂടിയത്.<ref name="kerala_legislature"> {{cite web | url =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_2_1.htm | title = സ്വാതന്ത്രത്തിനു മുമ്പുള്ള കാലഘട്ടം (1888-1947) | accessdate = 06-10-2009 | publisher =<small>കേരള നിയമസഭ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, ഇൻഫർമേഷൻ സിസ്റ്റം വിഭാഗം, കേരള നിയമസഭ, തിരുവനന്തപുരം</small> | language =<small>[[ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]]</small> }} </ref> 1888 മുതൽ 1891 വരെയുള്ള ആദ്യ കാലാവധിക്കുള്ളിൽ 32 തവണ കൌൻസിൽ സമ്മേളിച്ചു. കേവലം നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ മാത്രമാണെങ്കിലും സാങ്കേതികാർത്ഥത്തിൽ ഒൻപത് ബില്ലുകൾ പാസാക്കി. ശരിയായ ജനാധിപത്യ സംവിധാ‍നമായി ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റീവ് കൗൺസിലിനെ കണക്കാക്കാനാവില്ലെങ്കിലും ആ വഴിക്കുള്ള ശ്രമമെന്ന നിലയിൽ പ്രാധാന്യമർഹിക്കുന്നു. ഇക്കാലയളവിൽ ഒട്ടേറെ ജനകീയ സമരങ്ങൾക്കും [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ]] വേദിയായി. ഭരണത്തിൽ കൂടുതൽ പ്രാതിനിധ്യം ഉറപ്പുവരുത്തുന്നതിനായി 1891ൽ [[മലയാളി മെമ്മോറിയൽ]] എന്ന ചരിത്രപ്രധാനമായ രേഖ ഒപ്പുവയ്ക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1898ൽ ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റിവ് കൌൻസിലിന്റെ അംഗസംഖ്യ പതിനഞ്ചായി ഉയർത്തി.<ref name="kerala_legislature"/> === ശ്രീമൂലം പ്രജാസഭ === {{Main|ശ്രീമൂലം പ്രജാസഭ}} <!--[[പ്രമാണം:VJT Hall.jpg|thumb|right|180px|തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ വി.ജെ.ടി. ഹാൾ. ഇവിടെയാണ് ശ്രീമൂലം പ്രജാസഭയുടെ ആദ്യ യോഗം ചേർന്നത്.]] --> 1904 ആയപ്പോഴേക്കും ‘[[ശ്രീമൂലം പ്രജാസഭ]]’ എന്ന പേരിൽ കുറച്ചുകൂടി വിപുലമായ മറ്റൊരു പ്രതിനിധി സഭയ്ക്ക് രാജാവ് രൂപം നൽകി. നൂറംഗങ്ങളുള്ള പ്രജാസഭയിലേക്ക് അംഗങ്ങളെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തത് വാർഷിക വരുമാനത്തിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലായിരുന്നു. ചുരുക്കത്തിൽ ഭുവുടമകളുടെയും വ്യാപാരികളുടെയും പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ അവതരിപ്പിക്കാനുള്ള വേദിയായിരുന്നു പ്രജാസഭ. നൂറു രൂപയെങ്കിലും വാർഷിക ഭൂനികുതി ഇനത്തിൽ നൽകുന്ന വ്യാപാരികളെയും 6000 രൂപയ്ക്കു മുകളിൽ വാർഷിക വരുമാനമുള്ള ഭൂവുടമകളെയുമാണ് സഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തിരുന്നത്. ഓരോ താലൂക്കിൽ നിന്നും ഈരണ്ടു പ്രതിനിധികൾ വീതം ജില്ലാ ഭരണാധികാരികൾ നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്താണ് പ്രജാസഭാംഗങ്ങളെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തത്. <ref name="kerala_legislature"/> 1905 മെയ് ഒന്നിന് സുപ്രധാനമായ ഒരു വിളംബരത്തിലൂടെ പ്രജാസഭയിലേക്ക് അംഗങ്ങളെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാനുള്ള അവകാശം ജനങ്ങൾക്കു നൽകപ്പെട്ടു. എന്നാൽ ഇവിടെയും വരുമാനവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ യോഗ്യതകളുമാണ് വോട്ടവകാശത്തെ നിർണ്ണയിച്ചത്. 50 രൂപയെങ്കിലും വാർഷിക ഭൂനികുതിയായി നൽകുന്നവർക്കും അംഗീകൃത സർവ്വകലാശാലാ ബിരുദധാരികൾക്കുമായിരുന്നു വോട്ടവകാശം. ഇപ്രകാരം വോട്ടവകാശമുള്ളവർ പ്രജാസഭയിലെ 100 അംഗങ്ങളിൽ 77 പേരേ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു. ബാക്കി 23 പേർ നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുകയായിരുന്നു. കൌൺസിലിലേക്ക് മത്സരിക്കാൻ പിന്നീടു സ്ത്രീകൾക്ക് അനുവാദം നൽകി. നിവർത്തന പ്രക്ഷോഭത്തെ തുടർന്ന് ഒരുരൂപ കരം തീരുവയുള്ള എല്ലാവർക്കും വോട്ടവകാശം ലഭിച്ചു. 1932ൽ ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റീവ് കൗൺസിലിനെ ഉപരിസഭയും ശ്രീമൂലം പ്രജാസഭയെ അധോസഭയുമാക്കി. 1947ൽ രാജ്യം സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം നേടിയതോടെ രണ്ടുസഭകളും ഇല്ലാതായി. പകരം പ്രായപൂർത്തി വോട്ടവകാശത്തിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ 1948ൽ 120 അംഗ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ കോൺസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യുവന്റ് അസംബ്ലി നിലവിൽ വന്നു. ഇതും നാട്ടുരാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിലാദ്യമായിരുന്നു. ഇതൊക്കെയാണെങ്കിലും മഹാരാജാവ് തന്നെയായിരുന്നു ഭരണഘടനാ പ്രകാരമുള്ള മേധാവി. === തിരു-കൊച്ചി ലയനം === 1949 ജൂലൈ ഒന്നിന് അയൽ നാട്ടുരാജ്യങ്ങളായ [[കൊച്ചി|കൊച്ചിയും]] [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ|തിരുവിതാംകൂറും]] യോജിച്ച് [[തിരു-കൊച്ചി]] സംസ്ഥാനം നിലവിൽ വന്നത് ഐക്യകേരളത്തിലേക്കുളള ആദ്യ ചുവടുവെപ്പായി. ലയനത്തിനനുസൃതമായി നിലവിലുണ്ടായിരുന്ന മന്ത്രിസഭ പുന:സംഘടിപ്പിച്ചു. [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ]] പ്രധാനമന്ത്രിയായിരുന്ന [[പറവൂർ ടി.കെ. നാരായണപിള്ള]] ആ സ്ഥാനത്തു തുടർന്നു. തിരുവിതാംകൂറിൽനിന്നുള്ള ഏതാനും മന്ത്രിമാരെ ഒഴിവാക്കി കൊച്ചിയിൽനിന്നുള്ള മന്ത്രിമാരെ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തി. ഇരു സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലെയും മൊത്തം 178 അംഗങ്ങൾ തിരു-കൊച്ചി സഭയിലുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് രാജ്യത്തെ ആദ്യ പൊതു തെരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിനു മുന്നോടിയായി 1951ൽ മണ്ഡലങ്ങളുടെ അതിർത്തി പുനർനിർണയിച്ചപ്പോൾ നിയമസഭാ സാമാജികരുടെ എണ്ണം 108 ആയി. ഇതിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ തിരു-കൊച്ചി നിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് 1951ൽ നടന്ന തെരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ [[എ. ജെ. ജോൺ|എ. ജെ. ജോണിന്റെ]] നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് സർക്കാർ അധികാരമേറ്റു. ഒരു കക്ഷിക്കും വ്യക്തമായ ഭൂരിപക്ഷമില്ലാതിരുന്നതിനാൽ ചുരുങ്ങിയ കാലയളവിൽ മൂന്നു മന്ത്രിസഭകൾക്കൂടി നിലവിൽ‌വന്നു. [[പട്ടം താണുപിള്ള]], [[പനമ്പിള്ളി ഗോവിന്ദമേനോൻ]] എന്നിവർ ഇക്കാലയളവിൽ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിമാരായി. രാഷ്ട്രീയ അനിശ്ചിതത്വത്തിനു വിരാമമിട്ട് പനമ്പിള്ളി മന്ത്രിസഭ രാജിവച്ചു. 1956 മാർച്ച് മൂന്നു മുതൽ തിരു-കൊച്ചി രാഷ്ടപതി ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിലായി.<ref name="kerala_legislature_1949_to_1956"> {{cite web | url =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_2_3.htm | title =തിരു-കൊച്ചി ലയനം മുതൽ 1956-ലെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിഭരണം വരെയുള്ള ചരിത്രം | accessdate = 06-10-2009 | publisher =<small>കേരള നിയമസഭ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, ഇൻഫർമേഷൻ സിസ്റ്റം വിഭാഗം, കേരള നിയമസഭ, തിരുവനന്തപുരം</small> | language =<small>[[ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]]</small> }} </ref> ==കേരള നിയമസഭാദിനം== കേരള നിയമസഭയുടെ ആദ്യ സമ്മേളനം നടന്നത് 1957 ഏപ്രിൽ 27 നാണ്. ആദിനം അനുസ്മരിക്കാനാണ് എല്ലാ വർഷവും ഏപ്രിൽ 27 ന് നിയമസഭാദിനമായി ആചരിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതോടനുബന്ധിച്ച് നിയമസഭാ സമുച്ചയത്തിലെ രാഷ്ട്രനേതാക്കളുടെ പ്രതിമയിൽ സ്പീക്കർ പുഷ്പാർച്ചന നടത്തും. പൊതുജനങ്ങൾക്ക്, [[കേരള നിയമസഭാ മ്യൂസിയം|നിയമസഭാ മ്യൂസിയങ്ങൾ]] വൈകുന്നേരം വരെ കാണുന്നതിനുള്ള സൌകര്യം നൽകാറുമുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/news/a2013.php?tnd=15&tnn=171946&Line=Directorate%2C%20Thiruvananthapuram&count=0&dat=26%2F04%2F2013 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2021-08-12 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305095554/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/news/a2013.php?tnd=15&tnn=171946&Line=Directorate%2C%20Thiruvananthapuram&count=0&dat=26%2F04%2F2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == തിരു-കൊച്ചി സംസ്ഥാനത്തിലെ മന്ത്രിസഭകൾ == *1. 1949 ലെ മന്ത്രിമാരുടെ സമിതി *2. 1951 ലെ മന്ത്രിസഭ *3. 1952-ലെ മന്ത്രിസഭ *4. 1954-ലെ മന്ത്രിസഭ *5. 1955-ലെ മന്ത്രിസഭ == കേരളത്തിലെ മന്ത്രിസഭകൾ == വിശദമായ വായനയ്ക്ക് [[കേരളത്തിലെ മന്ത്രിസഭകൾ]] സന്ദർശിക്കുക. == കേരള നിയമസഭകൾ == # 1957-1959 [[ഒന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1960-1964 [[രണ്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] ##'''''1964-1967 രാഷ്ട്രപതി ഭരണം : 1965 മാർച്ച് 4-ന് മൂന്നാമത്തെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് നടന്നെങ്കിലും ആർക്കും ഭൂരിപക്ഷം ഇല്ലാതിരുന്നതുകൊണ്ട് നിയസഭ ചേർന്നില്ല.'''''<ref name="vns111">{{cite news|title=അലസിപ്പോയ സഭയിലെ അവശേഷിക്കുന്ന സമാജികൻ|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/2837811/2014-03-30/kerala|accessdate=30 മാർച്ച് 2014|newspaper=[[മാതൃഭൂമി]]|date=30 മാർച്ച് 2014|author=ഡോ. എബി പി. ജോയ്‌|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329232259/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/2837811/2014-03-30/kerala|archivedate=2014-03-29 23:22:59|language=മലയാളം|format=പത്രലേഖനം}}</ref> # 1967-1970 [[മൂന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1970-1977 [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1977-1979 [[അഞ്ചാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1980-1982 [[ആറാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1982-1987 [[ഏഴാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1987-1991 [[എട്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1991-1996 [[ഒൻപതാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 1996-2001 [[പത്താം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 2001-2006 [[പതിനൊന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 2006-2011 [[പന്ത്രണ്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 2011-2016 [[പതിമൂന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] # 2016-2021 [[പതിനാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] #2021-ഇന്നുവരെ [[പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരളനിയമസഭ]] ==അടിസ്ഥാന വിവരങ്ങൾ== {| class="wikitable" width="95%" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="centre" |- ! നിയമസഭ !! നിലവിൽ വന്നത് !! ആദ്യ സമ്മേളനം !! പിരിച്ചു വിട്ടത് !! സമ്മേളിച്ച ദിവസങ്ങൾ !! സെഷനുകൾ !! പാസാക്കിയ ബില്ലുകളുടെ എണ്ണം<ref name=m1>[http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_11.htm Kerala Legislature - Duration of Each Assembly]</ref><ref name="vns21">പേജ്38 ,എ.കെ. ആഗസ്റ്റി- പാർലമെന്റിന് അറുപത് നിയമസഭയ്ക്ക് നൂറ്റി ഇരുപത്തിയഞ്ച്, ജനപഥം നവംബർ2012</ref> |- | [[ഒന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|ഒന്നാം സഭ]] || 16-03-1957 || 27-04-1957 || 31-07-1959 || 175 || 7 || 88 |- | [[രണ്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|രണ്ടാം സഭ]] || 09-02-1960 || 12-03-1960 || 10-09-1964 || 300 || 12 || 161 |- | [[മൂന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|മൂന്നാം സഭ]] || 03-03-1967 || 15-03-1967 || 26-06-1970 || 211 || 7 || 101 |- | [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|നാലാം സഭ]] || 04-10-1970 || 22-10-1970 || 22-03-1977 || 322 || 16 || 227 |- | [[അഞ്ചാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|അഞ്ചാം സഭ]] || 22-3-1977 || 26-03-1977 || 30-11-1979 || 143 || 6 || 87 |- | [[ആറാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|ആറാം സഭ]] || 25-01-1980 || 15-02-1980 || 17-03-1982 || 112 || 7 || 47 |- | [[ഏഴാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|ഏഴാം സഭ]] || 24-05-1982 || 24-06-1982 || 25-03-1987 || 249 || 14 || 118 |- | [[എട്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|എട്ടാം സഭ]] || 25-03-1987 || 28-03-1987 || 05-04-1991 || 312 || 13 || 130 |- | [[ഒൻപതാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|ഒമ്പതാം സഭ]] || 21-06-1991 || 29-06-1991 || 14-05-1996 || 264 || 15 || 84 |- | [[പത്താം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പത്താം സഭ]] || 14-05-1996 || 29-05-1996 || 16-05-2001 || 268 || 16 || 104 |- | [[പതിനൊന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പതിനൊന്നാം സഭ]] || 16-05-2001 || 05-06-2001 || 12-05-2006 || 257 || 15 || 139 |- | [[പന്ത്രണ്ടാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പന്ത്രണ്ടാം സഭ]] || 13-05-2006 || 24-05-2006 || 14-05-2011 || 253 || 17 || - |- | [[പതിമൂന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പതിമൂന്നാം സഭ]] || 14-05-2011 || 01-06-2011 || 20-5-2016 || 237 || 16 || - |- |[[പതിനാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പതിനാലാം സഭ]] |20-05-2016 |02-06-2016 |03-05-2021 |232 |22 | |- |[[പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|പതിനഞ്ചാം സഭ]] |03-05-2021 |24-05-2021 | | | | |} == കേരളത്തിലെ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലങ്ങൾ== * [[കേരളത്തിലെ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലങ്ങൾ]] == പുറമെ നിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{commonscat|Kerala Niyamasabha}} * [http://niyamasabha.org/ കേരള നിയമസഭയുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ്സൈറ്റ്] * [http://klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org/ കേരള നിയസഭാനടപടികളുടെ സമഗ്രമായ ഡിജിറ്റൽ ശേഖരം] == അവലംബം == {{reflist|3}} == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == {{Legislatures of India}} {{Kerala elections}} {{Government of Kerala}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരള നിയമസഭ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളരാഷ്ട്രീയം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സംസ്ഥാന നിയമനിർമ്മാണസഭകൾ]] htwg4g526wec088ukjjp79kgx6o9fmw 0 4813 4644373 3640661 2026-07-08T09:36:35Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs_Image}} {{Prettyurl|Decalepis salicifolia}} {{taxobox |image = |regnum = [[സസ്യം]] |unranked_divisio = [[പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots|യൂഡികോട്സ്]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asterids|ആസ്റ്റെറൈയ്ഡ്സ്]] |ordo = [[Gentianales|ജെന്റ്യനെയിൽസ്]] |familia = [[Apocynaceae|അപ്പോസൈനേസി]] |subfamilia = [[Asclepiadoideae]] |genus = ''[[Decalepis]]'' |species = '''''D. salicifolia''''' |binomial = ''Decalepis salicifolia'' |binomial_authority =(Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Venter |synonyms = *Utleria salicifolia Bedd. ex Hook.f. |}} [[പാലക്കാട്‌ ജില്ല|പാലക്കാടൻ]] [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|പശ്ചിമഘട്ട നിരകളിലെ]] [[നെല്ലിയാമ്പതി]] വനമേഖലയിൽ കണ്ടുവരുന്ന സസ്യമാണ്‌ '''മഹാളിക്കിഴങ്ങ്''' {{ശാനാ|Decalepis salicifolia}}. പ്രദേശത്തെ വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രവുമായി ഇഴ ചേർത്തുകെട്ടപ്പെട്ട [[ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ|ഔഷധസസ്യമാണിത്‌.]] == പ്രത്യേകതകൾ == നെല്ലിയാമ്പതി വനങ്ങളിൽ അറുനൂറുമുതൽ ആയിരത്തി അഞ്ഞൂറു മീറ്റർ വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ കിഴുക്കാംതൂക്കായ പാറമടക്കുകളിൽ വളരുന്ന കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ്‌ മഹാളി. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ എല്ലാഭാഗങ്ങളിലും വെള്ളക്കറ കാണുന്നു. [[മരച്ചീനി]]യോടു സാദൃശ്യമുള്ള കിഴങ്ങുകളാണ്‌ ഇവയുടേത്. വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രത്തിൽ ഇതിന് ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാന്യമുണ്ട്. മൂന്നു മുതൽ അഞ്ചുവരെ തൂക്കമുള്ള [[കിലോഗ്രാം]] കിഴങ്ങ് ഒരു സസ്യത്തിൽ കണ്ടുവരുന്നു. ചെറിയ മഞ്ഞപ്പൂക്കളാണ്‌ ചെടിയിലുണ്ടാകുന്നത്‌. [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിന്റെ]] വടക്കൻ ജില്ലകളിൽ കണ്ടുവരുന്ന മഹാളിക്ക്‌ തെക്ക്‌ [[പൊന്മുടി]]-[[കല്ലാർ]] ഭാഗത്ത്‌ കണ്ടുവരുന്ന [[അമൃതപ്പാല]]യുമായി അസാധാരണമായ സാമ്യമുണ്ട്‌. മഹാളിയെന്നനാമം [[ഹൈന്ദവം|ഹൈന്ദവ]] ഐശ്വര്യദേവതയായ [[ലക്ഷ്മി|മഹാലക്ഷ്മി]]യുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെടുത്തിയാണ്‌ പ്രദേശവാസികൾ കാണുന്നത്‌. അതുകൊണ്ടു തന്നെ അവർ ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്‌ ദിവ്യത്വം കൽപ്പിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. മഹാളിയുടെ കിഴങ്ങുകൾ കുടിക്കു മുൻപിൽ തൂക്കിയിട്ടാൽ ഐശ്വര്യവർദ്ധനവുണ്ടാകുമെന്ന്‌ അവർ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നു. == ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ == [[നെല്ലിയാമ്പതി]]യിലെ [[ആദിവാസി|ആദിവാസികളിൽ]] നിന്നാണ്‌ മഹാളിയുടെ ഔഷധഗുണം ആദ്യമായി പുറം ലോകമറിയുന്നത്‌. മഹാളിയുടെ കിഴങ്ങ്‌ ഉദരരോഗങ്ങൾ, വ്രണങ്ങൾ, [[ക്ഷയം]], [[ആസ്മ]], ത്വഗ്‌രോഗങ്ങൾ മുതലായഭേദപ്പെടുത്തുമെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. <ref>http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1620050{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ചിലപ്പോൾ കിഴങ്ങുകൾ അച്ചാറുകൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കാനും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. ആമശയത്തിലും കുടലിലുമുള്ള പുണ്ണ് (അൾസർ)ശമിക്കുന്നതിന് മഹാളിയുടെ സത്ത് നല്ലതാണെന്ന് വിദേശത്തു നടന്ന ഗവേഷണങ്ങൾ തെളിയിക്കുന്നു.<ref>http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15627633{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == സംരക്ഷണം == മഹാളി അത്യപൂർവ്വവും നാശോന്മുഖവുമായ സസ്യമായതിനാൽ മഹാളിയുടെ സംരക്ഷണം വളരെ പ്രാധാന്യമർഹിക്കുന്നു. അമിതമായ ശേഖരണം തടഞ്ഞ്‌ തനതായ [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]]യിൽ(in situ) സംരക്ഷിക്കുകയാണ്‌ പ്രധാനമെന്നാണ്‌ കേരള സർക്കാർ പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. അതോടൊപ്പം തന്നെ സമഗ്ര പഠനത്തിനായി ചില പരീക്ഷണശാലകൾക്ക്‌ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയ്ക്ക്‌ പുറത്ത്‌(ex situ)സംരക്ഷിക്കാനും അനുമതി നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. [[ടി. ബി. ജി. ആർ. ഐ]] ഇതിനകം തന്നെ [[ടിഷ്യുകൾച്ചർ]] മുതലായ [[ജൈവ സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ|ജൈവ സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യകൾ]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച്‌ മഹാളിയുടെ പ്രജനനം നടത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. ഇത്തരം ചെടികളും പിന്നീട്‌ തനത്‌ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിലേക്ക്‌ മാറ്റി വളർത്താം എന്നു കരുതുന്നു. <ref> http://envfor.nic.in/bsi/research.html </ref> ==അവലംബം== <references/> ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/263764 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] * [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874104000182 കിഴങ്ങിൽ നിന്നും ലഭിക്കുന്ന [[ulcer|അൾസറിനെതിരെയുള്ള]] ഔഷധത്തെപ്പറ്റി] {{WS|Decalepis salicifolia}} {{CC|Decalepis salicifolia}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അപ്പോസൈനേസീ]] axgfq8mu9u3dwvv5z3zhac7r8oq5kby 0 5658 4644308 4643913 2026-07-08T05:00:14Z Irshadpp 10433 4644308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | name = ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി <br/> LDF Keralam | logo = {{Image gallery|Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|align=Center|width=200|height=200}} | logo_size = 100 | caption = LDF ലോഗോ |colorcode = {{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}} |convener = [[ടി.പി. രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |leader = [[ പിണറായി വിജയൻ ]] |foundation = 1979 |founder = |ideology = [[Socialism]]<br />{{list collapsed|title='''Factions'''|1=[[Marxism-Leninism]]<br />[[Civic nationalism]]<br />[[Indian nationalism]]<br />[[Secularism]]<br />[[Social democracy]]<br />[[Social liberalism]]}} | position = | seats2_title = [[ലോക്സഭ]] | seats2 = {{composition bar|1|20|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats1_title = [[രാജ്യസഭ]] | seats1 = {{composition bar|6|9|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats3_title = [[കേരള നിയമസഭ]] | seats3 = {{composition bar|35|140|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats5_title = [[ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ]] | seats5 = {{composition bar|338|941|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats6_title = [[ബ്ലോക്ക് പഞ്ചായത്ത്]] | seats6 = {{composition bar|64|152|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats7_title = [[ജില്ലാ പഞ്ചായത്ത്]] | seats7 = {{composition bar|7|14|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats8_title = [[നഗരസഭ|മുനിസിപ്പാലിറ്റികൾ]] | seats8 = {{composition bar|28|86|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | seats9_title = [[മുനിസിപ്പൽ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ]] | seats9 = {{composition bar|1|6|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}} | colours = {{color box|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|border=darkgray}} ചുവപ്പ് | headquarters = ഏ.കെ.ജി സെന്റർ, [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] |chairperson=EP Jayarajan|national=I.N.D.I.A}} [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] ഇടതുപക്ഷ-കമ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് രാഷ്ട്രീയ പാർട്ടികളുടെ കൂട്ടായ്മയാണ് '''ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി''' അഥവാ '''എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്'''. മുന്നണിയിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ പാർട്ടിയായ [[സി.പി.ഐ(എം)]] ആണ് മുന്നണിക്ക് നേതൃത്വം നൽകുന്നത്. സിപിഐ നേതാവായിരുന്ന പി.കെ.വാസുദേവൻ നായർ കോൺഗ്രസ് പിന്തുണയോടെ വഹിച്ചിരുന്ന മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി പദവി 1979-ൽ രാജി വെച്ച് കോൺഗ്രസ് ബന്ധം സിപിഐ അവസാനിപ്പിക്കുകയും പിന്നീട് സിപിഐഎമ്മുമായി ചേർന്ന് ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി രൂപീകരിക്കുകയുമായിരുന്നു. മുന്നണിയിലെ പാർട്ടികളുടെ കാര്യത്തിൽ ഓരോ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിലും ചെറിയ വ്യത്യാസം ഉണ്ടാവാം, എങ്കിലും മുഖ്യകക്ഷികൾ കഴിഞ്ഞ കുറെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകളായി ഇതേ മുന്നണിയിൽ തുടരുന്നു. [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി]] അഥവാ [[യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] ആണ് കേരളത്തിൽ ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണിക്ക് ബദൽ. വർഷങ്ങളായി മുന്നണി ഭരണം 2016 വരെ ഓരോ അഞ്ചുവർഷവും മാറി വരുന്നതാണ് കേരള രാഷ്ട്രീയം കണ്ടത്. പിണറായി വിജയൻ നയിച്ച ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യമുന്നണി 2016-ൽ 91 സീറ്റോടെ ഭരണത്തിൽ തിരിച്ചു കയറിയതിന് ശേഷം 2021-ലും 99 സീറ്റുകളോടെ ഭരണം തുടർന്നു. പത്ത് വർഷത്തിന് ശേഷം 2026-ലെ നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ 102 സീറ്റുകൾ നേടി യു.ഡി.എഫ് തരംഗമുണ്ടായപ്പോൾ ഇടതുപക്ഷത്തിന് വൻ തിരിച്ചടി നേരിട്ടു. 99 ൽ നിന്ന് 35 സീറ്റിലേക്ക് കുറഞ്ഞു.<ref>https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/why-cpim-suffered-its-worst-defeat-in-kerala/article71002500.ece</ref><ref>https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/kerala/keralas-left-bastion-falls-ldf-faces-historic-defeat-1954567</ref> മുന്നണി ഏകോപന സമിതി യോഗങ്ങൾ മാസത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ എങ്കിലും ചേരുന്നു. മുന്നണിയുടെ നിലവിലെ കൺവീനറാണ് [[ടി.പി. രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ]]<ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2022/04/19/ep-jayarajan-set-to-become-ldf-convener-his-political-journey.html</ref><ref>https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/kerala-assembly-election-2026/kerala-assembly-election-results-2026-udf-victory-iz3sy4y2</ref> == 2026 കക്ഷി നില == [[കേരള നിയമസഭാ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് (2026)]] * [[സി.പി.എം]] : 26 * [[സി.പി.ഐ]] : 08 * [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|ആർ.ജെ.ഡി]] : 01 * ആകെ 35<ref>https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/premium/malayalam-weekly/its-story-about-how-udf-winning-over-election-against-10year-rule-of-ldf</ref> == എൽ.ഡി.എഫ് കൺവീനർമാർ == * [[പി.വി. കുഞ്ഞിക്കണ്ണൻ]] 1980-1986 * [[ടി.കെ. രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ]] 1986-1987 * [[എം.എം. ലോറൻസ്]] 1987-1998 * [[വി.എസ്. അച്യുതാനന്ദൻ]] 1998-2001 * [[പാലൊളി മുഹമ്മദ്കുട്ടി]] 2001-2006 * [[വൈക്കം വിശ്വൻ]] 2006-2018 * [[എ. വിജയരാഘവൻ]] 2018-2022 * [[ഇ.പി. ജയരാജൻ]] 2022-2024<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/e-p-jayarajan-ldf-convenor-p-sasi-political-secretary/1014673 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2022-04-20 |archive-date=2022-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421033016/https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/e-p-jayarajan-ldf-convenor-p-sasi-political-secretary/1014673 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[ടി.പി. രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ]] 2024-തുടരുന്നു ==ഇടതു പക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നന്നി ഘടക കക്ഷികൾ == {| class="wikitable" |- ! നമ്പർ !! പാർട്ടി !അടയാളം !! പതാക !! കേരളത്തിലെ നേതാവ് |- | 1 || [[കമ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ (മാർക്സിസ്റ്റ്)]] |അരിവാൾ ചുറ്റിക || [[File:South Asian Communist Banner.svg|50px]] || [[എം.വി. ഗോവിന്ദൻ]] |- | 2 || [[കമ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ]] |അരിവാൾ നെൽക്കതിർ |[[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]] || ബിനോയ്‌ വിശ്വം |- | 3 || [[ജനതാദൾ (സെക്കുലർ) ]] (ബിജെപി - വിരുദ്ധ ഘടകം ) |നെല്ല് തലയിൽ ചുമക്കുന്ന സ്ത്രീ | || [[മാത്യു ടി. തോമസ്]] |- | 4 || [[നാഷണലിസ്റ്റ് കോൺഗ്രസ് പാർട്ടി]] {{സൂചിക|൧}}<ref name="NCP, Kerala Congress join LDF">{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/ncp-kerala-congress-join-ldf_100392184.html |title=NCP, Kerala Congress join LDF |accessdate=2010-12-05 |work= |date= |archive-date=2011-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828001735/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/ncp-kerala-congress-join-ldf_100392184.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |ക്ലോക്ക് ||[[File:NCP-flag.svg|50px]] || [[പി.സി. ചാക്കോ]] |- | 5 || [[കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (എം.)]] |രണ്ടില || || [[ജോസ് കെ. മാണി]] |- | 6 || [[ കോൺഗ്രസ് (എസ്)]] |തെങ്ങ്‌|| || [[കടന്നപ്പള്ളി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] |- | 7 || [[ ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ ലീഗ് ]] |ഗ്ലാസ് || || അഹമ്മദ് ദേവർകോവിൽ |- | 8 || [[ കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (ബി) ]] |ഓട്ടോ || || [[കെ.ബി. ഗണേഷ് കുമാർ]] |- | 9 || [[രാഷ്ട്രീയ ജനതാ ദൾ]] |റാന്തൽ വിളക് || || [[എം.വി. ശ്രേയാംസ് കുമാർ]] |- |10 |ജനാധിപത്യ കേരളാ കോൺഗ്രസ് | | |[[ആന്റണി രാജു]] |- |11 |കേരളാ കോൺഗ്രസ് (സ്കറിയ തോമസ്) | | | |} == ഇതും കാണുക == * [[യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] ([[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി]]) * [[എൻ.ഡി.എ.]] ([[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം]]) == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == *{{കുറിപ്പ്|൧|2006-ലെ നിയമസഭാതിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ ഇതേ മുന്നണിയിൽ മത്സരിച്ചെങ്കിലും, പിന്നീട് [[കെ. കരുണാകരൻ|കെ. കരുണാകരന്റെ]] [[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|ഡി.ഐ.സി.യെ]] ഈ കക്ഷിയിൽ ലയിപ്പിച്ചതിന്റെ പശ്ചാത്തലത്തിൽ മുന്നണിയിൽ നിന്ന് പുറത്താക്കി.}} *{{കുറിപ്പ്|൨|ഇത് [[കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (ജോസഫ്)]] എന്ന കക്ഷിയിൽ നിന്നും പിളർന്നുണ്ടായതാണ്. ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യമുന്നണിയിലെ സഖ്യകക്ഷിയായിരുന്ന [[കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (ജോസഫ്)]], 2010ൽ മുന്നണി വിട്ട് കെ .എം. മാണി നയിക്കുന്ന കേരള കോൺഗൃസ്സ്(എം)ൽ ചേർന്നതോടെ [[പി.സി. തോമസ്|പി.സി. തോമസിന്റെ]] നേതൃത്വത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു വിഭാഗം ഇടതുമുന്നണിയിൽ തുടരുകയായിരുന്നു.}} *{{കുറിപ്പ്|൩|പരസ്യവിമർശനത്തിന്റെ പേരിൽ [[പി.സി. ജോർജ്|പി.സി. ജോർജിന്റെ]] [[കേരള കോൺഗ്രസ് (സെക്കുലർ)]] കക്ഷിയേയും മുന്നണിയിൽ നിന്നും പുറത്താക്കിയിരുന്നു.}} == അവലംബം == {{reflist}} {{commons category|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}} {{Political stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളരാഷ്ട്രീയം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ രാഷ്ട്രീയ മുന്നണികൾ]] 3o17mnuhsibxves2p2lt00k9dy8xx56 0 5823 4644213 4601311 2026-07-07T13:23:45Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ഇതേ പേരിലുള്ള ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തിന്|പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്}} {{Infobox settlement | name = പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര | other_name = ''Puthenvelikara'' (as per post office seal) | settlement_type = ഗ്രാമം | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India | coordinates = {{coord|10|10|0|N|76|15|0|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|ഇന്ത്യ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[കേരളം]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Ernakulam district|എറണാകുളം]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Local Self Government, Government of Kerala | governing_body = Panchayath | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|മലയാളം]], [[English language|ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = 683594 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 0484 | registration_plate = KL-42 | website = http://lsgkerala.in/puthenvelikkarapanchayat/, https://puthenvelikkara.com | footnotes = }} [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിൽ]] [[എറണാകുളം ജില്ല|എറണാകുളം ജില്ലയുടെ]] വടക്കേയറ്റത്ത് [[പറവൂർ]] താലൂക്കിൽ ഉൾപ്പെട്ട ഒരു ഗ്രാമമാണ്‌ '''പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര'''. ഈ പ്രദേശം ചെറിയ കുന്നുകളാലും പുഴകളാലും ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടതാണ്‌. [[ചാലക്കുടിപ്പുഴ]] [[പെരിയാർ|പെരിയാറുമായി]] സംഗമിക്കുന്നത് പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര ഗ്രാമത്തിലെ [[എളന്തിക്കര|എളന്തിക്കരയിൽ]] വച്ചാണ്‌. പെരിയാർ, ചാലക്കുടി, കോട്ടപ്പുറം കായൽ എന്നിവയുടെ തീരത്താണ് പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര. ധാരാളം നെൽവയലുകൾ ഉള്ളതിനാൽ ഗ്രാമം ഈ പ്രദേശത്തെ ഒരു കാർഷിക ഉൽപാദന കേന്ദ്രമാണിത്. കേരളത്തിൽ കണ്ടുകിട്ടിയ ബുദ്ധ പ്രതിമകളിൽ പ്രമുഖമായ ഒന്ന് പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര സർവ്വേയിൽപെട്ട തുരുത്തിപ്പുറം കോട്ട കടവിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് ലഭിച്ചത്. == പേരിനു പിന്നിൽ == പുത്തൻ എന്നത് ബുദ്ധൻ എന്നതിന്റെ [[പാലി]] രൂപമാണ്. വേലി എന്നത് മൈതാനത്തേയും കോട്ടയെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. പുരാതന കാലങ്ങളിൽ ഇവിടെ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന ബുദ്ധസന്യാസി മഠത്തിൽ 'മാളവ ന പള്ളിയുടെയുംനിന്നാവാം ബുദ്ധൻ വേലി -കര രൂപം കൊണ്ടത് എന്ന് ചരിത്രകാരനായ വി.വി.കെ വാലത്ത് കരുതുന്നു. <ref>{{cite book|title=കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലനാമചരിത്രങ്ങൾ എറണാകുളം ജില്ല|last=വാലത്ത്|first=വി.വി.കെ.|publisher=കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി|year=1991|isbn=81-7690-105-9|location=തൃശ്ശൂർ|authorlink=വി.വി.കെ. വാലത്ത്|coauthors=}}</ref> ബുദ്ധ ആരാധനാ കേന്ദ്രമായിരുന്ന ചൈത്യ പള്ളി നിലനിന്നിരുന്ന ചിത്തനാപ്പിള്ളിയും മാളവത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വന്ന ബുദ്ധർ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന മാളവനായും ശാസ്താവിന്റെ (ബുദ്ധന്റെ തറ അഥവാ ബോധിത്തറ)തറ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന ചാത്തനാട്ട് തറയും, ബുദ്ധകാലത്തെ ആശുപത്രിയും വിദ്യാലയവും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന (വട്ടവും കൂട്ടവും) വട്ടേക്കാട്ട് കുന്നും,ചാത്തൻറെ ശാസ്താവിന്റെ ബുദ്ധൻറെ  സ്ഥലമായിരുന്നു ചാത്തേടവും എല്ലാം ഈ ഭൂവിഭാഗത്തിലെ ബുദ്ധ സാന്നിദ്ധ്യം സ്ഥിരീകരിക്കുന്നതാണ്. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.samadarshi.in/history/puthenvelikkara-homestead-of-the-ancient-history/|title=പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര, പൗരാണിക ചരിത്രത്തിന്റെ തറവാട് {{!}} Samadarshi|access-date=2021-08-07|last=Raveendran|first=Sushil Kumar|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128063949/http://www.samadarshi.in/history/puthenvelikkara-homestead-of-the-ancient-history/|url-status=deviated|archivedate=2020-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128063949/http://www.samadarshi.in/history/puthenvelikkara-homestead-of-the-ancient-history/}}</ref> == ചരിത്രം == പ്രാചീന മനുഷ്യവാസത്തിൻറെ തെളിവുകളായ  നന്നങ്ങാടികൾ  ധാരളമായി പുത്തൻ വേലിക്കരയിലുള്ള ഇളന്തിക്കര, കൊടികുത്തു കുന്ന് , മാളവന, വട്ടേക്കാട്ട് കുന്ന് , മാനാഞ്ചേരിക്കുന്ന്,പനച്ചക്കുന്ന്. കപ്പേളക്കുന്ന് , പഞ്ഞിപ്പള്ള , തുരുത്തൂർ ,കല്ലേപ്പറമ്പ്, മുതുപറമ്പ്, തുടങ്ങിയ സ്ഥലങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. നന്നങ്ങാടികൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്ന ജനതയുടെ കാലം  രണ്ടായിരത്തിനും അയ്യായിരത്തിനും ഇടയിലാകുമെന്ന് ചരിത്രകാരന്മാർ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളതിൽ നിന്നും പുത്തൻവേലിക്കരയുടെ ചരിത്രം അതി പ്രാചീനമാണെന്ന് മനസ്സിലാക്കാം. ചേര തലസ്ഥാനമായിരുന്ന  വഞ്ചി മഹാനഗരത്തിൻറെ ഭാഗമായിരുന്നു പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര.ചേര രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ തകർച്ചക്ക് ശേഷം ആലങ്ങാട്  രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ ഭാഗമായ പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര പിന്നീട് കൊച്ചി രാജ്യത്തിന്റെയും തിരുവിതാംകൂർ രാജ്യത്തിന്റെയും ഭാഗമായിരുന്നു.കോട്ടയം ജില്ലയിൽ ആലങ്ങാട് ഫർക്കയിൽ പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര പ്രവർത്തിയിൽ എന്നും പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര മണ്ഡപത്തും വാതുക്കലെന്നും രാജ ശാസനങ്ങളിൽ കാണുന്നു. കൊച്ചിയുടെയും തിരിവിതാംകൂറിന്റെയും അതൃത്തിയായ ഇളന്തിക്കരയിൽ ചുങ്കം പിരിവിനായി സ്ഥാപിക്കപ്പെട്ട ചൗക്ക ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഇതിനാലാണ് ഇവിടം ചൗക്കക്കടവ് എന്ന് അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. ഈ സ്ഥലത്തു ഒരു ഫോറസ്ററ് തടി ഡിപ്പോയും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ടിപ്പുവിന്റെ ആക്രമണകാലത്തു ടിപ്പു തന്റെ അധികാര അടയാളമായി കൊടി നാട്ടിയ സ്ഥലം കൊടികുത്തിയ കുന്നായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ടിപ്പുവിന്റെ പട ക്യാമ്പ് ചെയ്ത സ്ഥലം പടയാമ്പ് എന്നും ടിപ്പുവിന്റ സൈന്ന്യം നെടുങ്കോട്ട തകർക്കാൻ പീരങ്കികൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് വെടിയുതിർത്ത സ്ഥലം തുരുത്തിപ്പുറം എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. കേരളത്തിൽ കണ്ടുകിട്ടിയ ബുദ്ധ പ്രതിമകളിൽ പ്രമുഖമായ ഒന്ന് പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര സർവ്വേയിൽപെട്ട തുരുത്തിപ്പുറം കോട്ട കടവിൽ നിന്നുമാണ്. തുരുത്തിപ്പുറത്തെ ചങ്ങാടവും വള്ളങ്ങളും ഒക്കെ കെട്ടാനുപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്ന തലയില്ലാത്ത ഈ പ്രതിമ മുസരീസ് ഗവേഷകർ കണ്ടെടുക്കുകയും തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തു സൂക്ഷിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നു. യഹൂദരുടെ അധിവാസകേന്ദ്രമായിരുന്നു പാടശ്ശേരികുന്ന് എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന തുരുത്തൂർ. ഇവിടെ യഹൂദരുടെ ആരാധനാ കേന്ദ്രവും ശ്മശാനവും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു == ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം == ചാലക്കുടിയാർ പെരിയാർ കനോലി കനാൽ എന്നീ ജലസ്രോതസ്സുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര പഞ്ചായത്ത് താഴംഞ്ചിറ പാടം, തടം താന്നിക്കപ്പാടം, കണത്താട്ട് പാടം, പൂവൻപാടം, പാണ്ടിപ്പാടം തുടങ്ങിയ പാടശേഖങ്ങളാൽ സമ്പന്നമാണ്.കൃഷി ,മൽസ്യബന്ധനം, കയർപിരി, ചെത്ത്, കെട്ടിട നിർമ്മാണം തുടങ്ങിയ തൊഴിലുകളിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നവരായിരുന്നു ഇവിടത്തെ ഭൂരിഭാഗം  ജനങ്ങളും. == വിദ്യാലയങ്ങൾ == 1918 ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര പി എസ് എം എൽ പി സ്‌കൂളും 1947 ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ ഇളന്തിക്കര ഹൈസ്‌കൂളുമാണ് ഇവിടത്തെ ആദ്യ വിദ്യാലയം. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schoolwiki.in/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E2%80%8B%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD.%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0|title=പി.എസ്.​എം.ഗവ.എൽ.പി.എസ് പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര - Schoolwiki|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> *വി. സി. എസ്. എച്ച്. എസ്. എസ്. പുത്തൻ വേലിക്കര *വി. ആൻ്റണിയുടേ പേരിലുള്ള ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മീഡിയം സ്കൂൾ കാരോട്ടുകര *എം. എം. എൻ. എസ്. എസ്. ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മീഡിയം സ്കൂൾ * എളന്തിക്കര ഹൈസ്കൂൾ, എളന്തിക്കര *മേരി വാർഡ് ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മീഡിയം സ്കൂൾ, പുത്തൻ വേലിക്കര * വി. ജോസഫിൻ്റെ നാമത്തിലുള്ള സ്കൂൾ, ചാത്തേടം *ശ്രീ ശാരദ വിദ്യാമന്ദിർ എളന്തിക്കര സൈനിക് സ്കൂൾ *മാളവ ന പള്ളിയുടെ കീഴിൽ പ്രൈമറി സ്കൂൾ മാളവ ന *പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര ഇൻഫൻ്റ് ജീസസ് പള്ളിയുടെ കീഴിൽ പ്രൈമറി സ്കൂൾ ;കലാശാലകൾ *പ്രസൻ്റേഷൻ കോളേജ് ഓഫ് അപ്ലൈഡ് സയൻസ്. *ഐ. എച്ച്. ആർ. ഡി. കോളേജ് ഓഫ് അപ്ലൈഡ് സയൻസസ്. == ആരോഗ്യരംഗം == പുത്തൻ വേലിക്കര താലൂക്ക് ആശുപത്രിയാണ് സർക്കാർ ഉടമസ്ഥതയിലുള്ള ഏക അരോഗ്യസ്ഥാപനം. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/nattuvartha/central/2017/07/03/vadakkan-paravoor-puthanvelikkara-government-hospital-no-facilities.html|title=കിടത്തിചികിത്സയില്ലാതെ പുത്തൻവേലിക്കര താലൂക്ക് ആശുപത്രി|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> മറ്റ് സ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ *അസ്സീസ്സി ആശുപത്രി, തുരുത്തിപ്പുറം *ആയുർവ്വേദ ആശുപത്രി, മാനാഞ്ചേരിക്കുന്ന് *സർക്കാർ ഹോമിയോ ആശുപത്രി, കണക്കൻ കടവ്, *വെറ്ററിനറി ആശുപത്രി, പുത്തൻ വേലിക്കര എന്നിവയാണ്. ==എത്തിച്ചേരാൻ== [[ചാലക്കുടി|ചാലക്കുടിയിൽ]] നിന്ന് മാള വഴി പറവൂർ ബസ്സുകൾ ഈ ഗ്രാമമാർഗ്ഗം സേവനം ഉണ്ട്. നോർത്ത് പറവൂർ ഈ ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ നിന്ന് 5 കി.മി ദൂരത്തിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. == റഫറൻസുകൾ == {{Reflist}}{{Ernakulam-geo-stub}} {{എറണാകുളം ജില്ല}} [[Category:എറണാകുളം ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമങ്ങൾ]] q6whivdu2auuw7exiv1gysdexw1o2h3 4 6849 4644209 4644202 2026-07-07T12:40:42Z Ranjithsiji 22471 [[Special:Contributions/Payyoor|Payyoor]] ([[User talk:Payyoor|സംവാദം]]) ചെയ്ത നാൾപ്പതിപ്പ് [[Special:Diff/4644202|4644202]] നീക്കം ചെയ്യുന്നു 4644209 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{prettyurl|Wiki_Panchayath_Technical}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ പഞ്ചായത്ത്}} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" style="float: right; background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:1px;border: thin solid red; width: 160px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; buyhttyyuackground:red; color:#ffffff;text-align:center;"| '''സാങ്കേതികവിഭാഗത്തിലെ</br>പഴയ സം‌വാദങ്ങൾ''' |- !align="center"|[[Image:Vista-file-manager.png|50px|സംവാദ നിലവറ]]<br/> * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive1|സംവാദ നിലവറ 1]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_2|സംവാദ നിലവറ 2]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_3|സംവാദ നിലവറ 3]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_4|സംവാദ നിലവറ 4]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_5|സംവാദ നിലവറ 5]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_6|സംവാദ നിലവറ 6]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_7|സംവാദ നിലവറ 7]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_8|സംവാദ നിലവറ 8]] ---- *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യൂണികോഡ് 5.1.0|യൂണീകോഡ് ചർച്ച]] *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യു.എൽ.എസ്.|യു.എൽ.എസ്. ചർച്ച]] |} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:41, 14 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:36, 21 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:14, 27 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 4 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:11, 11 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 17 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:30, 4 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 10 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 17 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:41, 24 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 1 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ലുവ പിഴവ് == വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ താഴെ കാണുന്ന ലുവ എറർ നിരന്തരമായി വരുന്നു. ലുവ പിഴവ് ഘടകം:Footnotes/anchor_id_list-ൽ 841 വരിയിൽ : Template list not yet created. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) 06:23, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) : എൻ്റെ അറിവിൽ വിവർത്തന താളുകൾ ഡ്രാഫ്റ്റിലെങ്കിലും എത്തിയ ശേഷം നോക്കുന്നതാവും നല്ലതെന്ന് തോനുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 13:24, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:51, 7 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:23, 15 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:59, 21 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ഘടകങ്ങളിൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ട്ടപെടുന്നതിനെ കുറിച്ച് == ഇക്കഴിഞ്ഞ വിക്കിമീഡിയൻസ് ഓഫ് കേരള പ്രതിമാസ ചർച്ചയിൽ ഒരു പ്രശ്നം ഉന്നയിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. ഘടകങ്ങൾ മറ്റു ഭാഷകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ തർജ്ജമകൾ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു എന്നത്. ഇതിനൊരു ചെറിയ പരിഹാരം ഉദിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ആദ്യമായി താഴെ പറയുന്ന താളുകൾ ഒന്ന് സന്ദർശിക്കുക: *[[ഘടകം:Age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Birth date and age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) ചെയ്യാൻ ഉദ്ദേശിച്ചത്: Age എന്ന ഘടകത്തിന്റെ തുടക്ക ഭാഗങ്ങളിലെല്ലാം തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്തതോ ചെയ്യേണ്ടതോ ആയിട്ടുള്ള സന്ദേശങ്ങളാണ്. ഞാൻ ഇപ്പൊ ഇത് നേരിട്ട് അവിടെ തന്നെ തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്‌താൽ മറ്റാരെങ്കിലും മറ്റ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ ഘടകം ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്‌താൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ടമാവും. ഇതിനുള്ള പരിഹാരം - മറ്റൊരു ഘടകത്തിൽ ഈ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ നൽകിയ ശേഷം പ്രധാന ഘടകത്തിൽ ആ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ വിളിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്. ഇവിടെ Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData എന്ന ഘടകത്തിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത് ചരങ്ങളും അവയുടെ തർജ്ജമയും മാത്രമാണ്. പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷയിൽ പറഞ്ഞാൽ ഒരു ഡാറ്റാബേസ് ആയി ഇതിനെ (Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData) കാണുക. ഈ ഡാറ്റാബേസിനെ വിളിക്കുകയാണ് പിന്നീട് ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age ഇൽ ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഈ ഘടകം (ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age) ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഫലകം ആണ് ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age എന്നത്. ഒടുവിൽ ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample എന്ന ഇൻഫോബോക്സിൽ തെറ്റായി ജനനതീയതി കൊടുത്തപ്പോൾ commondata യിൽ കൊടുത്ത വാല്യൂ കാണിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. ഇതിന്റെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ എന്റെ മനസ്സിൽ വന്നത്: *വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇൻബോക്സ് എന്ന സങ്കല്പം വരുമ്പോൾ ഇത് override ആവുമോ എന്നൊരു സംശയമുണ്ട്. *മലയാളം വിക്കിയിൽ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കിയാലും ഉടനെ ഇതിന് പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവില്ല.പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവണമെങ്കിൽ ഏത് വിക്കിയിൽ നിന്നാണോ ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുന്നത് അവിടെ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കണം. വിഷയത്തെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള നിങ്ങളുടെ അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 17:33, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:36, 12 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 21:53, 18 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:T Cells@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 19 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 26 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:53, 2 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 10 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 16 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:19, 23 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 30 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 8 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 12:45, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:07, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 21 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 29 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:39, 5 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 11 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Duplication of page after renaming == [[വിളയനൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] [[വിളയന്നൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] Looks like both existed separately following a 2013 renaming. [[പ്രത്യേകം:സംഭാവനകൾ/49.47.195.187|49.47.195.187]] 02:25, 13 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 19 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:10, 26 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Weekly highlight</span>''' * ഒരു പകർപ്പവകാശ ലംഘനം നീക്കം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ എഡിറ്റ് സംഗ്രഹങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ടെംപ്ലേറ്റുകൾ, സാങ്കേതിക പദങ്ങൾ, നയങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുടെ പട്ടിക തയ്യാറാക്കാൻ എഡിറ്റിംഗ് ടീം ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിലൂടെ പകർപ്പവകാശ പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളാൽ തിരികെ കൊണ്ടുവന്ന എഡിറ്റുകളുടെ എണ്ണം തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കും. താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന വിക്കികളിലെ കമ്മ്യൂണിറ്റി അംഗങ്ങളെ [[Phab:T402601|T402601]]-ൽ ഈ പദങ്ങൾ ചേർക്കാൻ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അവരുടെ പട്ടിക [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]-നൊപ്പം പങ്കിടാൻ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/ml}}. ഈ പ്രോജക്റ്റ് 2025 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 9 വരെ തുറന്നിരിക്കും. '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for editors</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page.</span> [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].</span> * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for technical contributors</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Detailed code updates later this week:</span> [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Meetings and events</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|ടെക് വാർത്തകൾ]]''' തയാറാക്കിയത്-[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|ടെക് ന്യൂസ് എഴുത്തുകാർ]], പോസ്റ്റുചെയ്തത് [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|സംഭാവന ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|സഹായം തേടു]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|സബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക/അൺസബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:48, 1 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:12, 9 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:05, 15 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:54, 22 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 29 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:21, 6 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 13 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 20 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 27 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 3 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:37, 10 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:25, 17 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:55, 24 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 1 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 8 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:02, 15 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:44, 22 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 00:35, 6 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29825860 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 9 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|സംവാദം]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 17:09, 3 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ZI Jony@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 03:07, 29 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ സാങ്കേതിക വിഭാഗം (Movement Communications Specialist (Product & Tech)) അറിയിപ്പ് തന്നിരുന്നു. അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി തുടങ്ങുന്ന സമയത്ത് മലയാളം ഭാഷ പരിഗണിക്കുന്നതുസംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയപ്പ് തന്നിട്ടുള്ളതും ചേരാൻ സമ്മതം അറിയിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതുമാണ്. അതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട തുടർപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ സംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയിപ്പ് [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത്#Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot|ഇവിടെ കാണാവുന്നതാണ്]].ഇത് പരീക്ഷണാടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്നത്. എല്ലാവരുടെയും സഹകരണം പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:32, 5 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) === ചർച്ച === താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ താൽപര്യമുള്ളവർ ദയവായി അറിയിക്കുക: * മലയാളത്തിലെ Wikidata Lexemes മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനായി സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? * മലയാള ഭാഷയിൽ [[വിക്കിഫങ്ഷൻസ്]] പരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? ''ഇതിനായി പ്രോഗ്രാമിംഗ് പരിജ്ഞാനം ആവശ്യമില്ല.'' :'''മുകളിൽ പങ്കുവച്ച നിർദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് 2026 ജൂലൈ 18-നകം ഇവിടെ പഞ്ചായത്തിൽ ചർച്ച നടത്തി ചുവടെയുള്ള വിഭാഗത്തിൽ താങ്കളുടെ നിലപാടും പിന്തുണ അറിയിക്കണമെന്ന് അഭ്യർഥിക്കുന്നു.'''-[[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:11, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) === സമ്മതം === {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.- [[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:12, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്. [[User:Roopeshor6]] {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാനും താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Tonynirappathu|Tonynirappathu]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Tonynirappathu|സംവാദം]]) 14:28, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. --[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 17:50, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.--'''[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Kiran Gopi|KG]]''' [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Kiran Gopi|(കിരൺ)]] 18:53, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ഭാരത് ആർമി ഫാൻസ് പയ്യൂർക്കാവ് ഗ്രാമം == ഭാരതത്തിനു വേണ്ടി ജീവൻ നൽകിയ ദീര ജവാൻമാർക്ക് ആദരമർപ്പിച്ച് കൊണ്ട് പയ്യൂർക്കാവ് ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ ഒരു സ്മൃതി മണ്ഡപം പണികഴിപ്പിച്ചു കൊണ്ടാണ് തുടക്കം നാട്ടിലെ യുവാക്കളും പ്രവാസികളും പങ്കാളികളാണ് <nowiki>*</nowiki>'''2019- മാർച്ച് 10ന് സ്മൃതിമണ്ഡപം നാടിന് സമർപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു'''* 2021സെപ്റ്റംബർ 8ന് സ്മൃതി മണ്ഡപം നവീകരിച്ച് അമർജവാൻ സ്മൃതിമണ്ഡപം നാടിന്സമർപ്പിച്ചു. 2020തുടക്കത്തിൽ നാട്ടിലെ പ്രവാസികളും മെമ്പർമാരായി🙏🇮🇳 <nowiki>*</nowiki>ഭാരത് ആർമി ഫാൻസ് പയ്യൂർക്കാവ് ഗ്രാമം ഭാരത് ആർമി ഫാൻസ് പുതിയ ഭാരവാഹികൾ 2026-2027 <nowiki>*</nowiki>'''കോഡിനേറ്റർ'''*👉 സുരേഷ് കുമാർ <nowiki>*</nowiki>'''രക്ഷാധികാരി'''* 👉സുരേഷ് കൃഷ്ണയും ആണ് വിരമൃത്യുവരിച്ച ധീര ജവാൻമാരുടെ ഓർമ്മ ദിവസം സ്മൃതി മണ്ഡപത്തിൽ പുഷ്പാർച്ചന നടത്തുകയും ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15 സ്വാതന്ത്ര ദിനം ജനുവരി 26 റിപബ്ലിക് ദിനം ഓണാഘോഷം വ SSLC +2 പരീക്ഷയിൽ ഉന്നത വിജയം കരസ്ഥമാക്കിയ വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളെ ആദരിക്കലും വർഷത്തിൽ തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ലയിലെ ഏതെങ്കിലും സകൂൾ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത് നിർധരരായ വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്ക് സ്കൂ കിറ്റ് നൽകുംക [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Payyoor|Payyoor]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Payyoor|സംവാദം]]) 10:54, 7 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) ecc7lolyckdiucly6f9t4s2kcm06ur4 4644210 4644209 2026-07-07T12:41:04Z Ranjithsiji 22471 [[Special:Contributions/Payyoor|Payyoor]] ([[User talk:Payyoor|സംവാദം]]) ചെയ്ത നാൾപ്പതിപ്പ് [[Special:Diff/4644201|4644201]] നീക്കം ചെയ്യുന്നു 4644210 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{prettyurl|Wiki_Panchayath_Technical}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ പഞ്ചായത്ത്}} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" style="float: right; background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:1px;border: thin solid red; width: 160px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; buyhttyyuackground:red; color:#ffffff;text-align:center;"| '''സാങ്കേതികവിഭാഗത്തിലെ</br>പഴയ സം‌വാദങ്ങൾ''' |- !align="center"|[[Image:Vista-file-manager.png|50px|സംവാദ നിലവറ]]<br/> * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive1|സംവാദ നിലവറ 1]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_2|സംവാദ നിലവറ 2]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_3|സംവാദ നിലവറ 3]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_4|സംവാദ നിലവറ 4]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_5|സംവാദ നിലവറ 5]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_6|സംവാദ നിലവറ 6]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_7|സംവാദ നിലവറ 7]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_8|സംവാദ നിലവറ 8]] ---- *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യൂണികോഡ് 5.1.0|യൂണീകോഡ് ചർച്ച]] *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യു.എൽ.എസ്.|യു.എൽ.എസ്. ചർച്ച]] |} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:41, 14 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:36, 21 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:14, 27 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 4 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:11, 11 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 17 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:30, 4 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 10 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 17 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:41, 24 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 1 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ലുവ പിഴവ് == വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ താഴെ കാണുന്ന ലുവ എറർ നിരന്തരമായി വരുന്നു. ലുവ പിഴവ് ഘടകം:Footnotes/anchor_id_list-ൽ 841 വരിയിൽ : Template list not yet created. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) 06:23, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) : എൻ്റെ അറിവിൽ വിവർത്തന താളുകൾ ഡ്രാഫ്റ്റിലെങ്കിലും എത്തിയ ശേഷം നോക്കുന്നതാവും നല്ലതെന്ന് തോനുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 13:24, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:51, 7 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:23, 15 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:59, 21 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ഘടകങ്ങളിൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ട്ടപെടുന്നതിനെ കുറിച്ച് == ഇക്കഴിഞ്ഞ വിക്കിമീഡിയൻസ് ഓഫ് കേരള പ്രതിമാസ ചർച്ചയിൽ ഒരു പ്രശ്നം ഉന്നയിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. ഘടകങ്ങൾ മറ്റു ഭാഷകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ തർജ്ജമകൾ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു എന്നത്. ഇതിനൊരു ചെറിയ പരിഹാരം ഉദിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ആദ്യമായി താഴെ പറയുന്ന താളുകൾ ഒന്ന് സന്ദർശിക്കുക: *[[ഘടകം:Age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Birth date and age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) ചെയ്യാൻ ഉദ്ദേശിച്ചത്: Age എന്ന ഘടകത്തിന്റെ തുടക്ക ഭാഗങ്ങളിലെല്ലാം തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്തതോ ചെയ്യേണ്ടതോ ആയിട്ടുള്ള സന്ദേശങ്ങളാണ്. ഞാൻ ഇപ്പൊ ഇത് നേരിട്ട് അവിടെ തന്നെ തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്‌താൽ മറ്റാരെങ്കിലും മറ്റ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ ഘടകം ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്‌താൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ടമാവും. ഇതിനുള്ള പരിഹാരം - മറ്റൊരു ഘടകത്തിൽ ഈ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ നൽകിയ ശേഷം പ്രധാന ഘടകത്തിൽ ആ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ വിളിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്. ഇവിടെ Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData എന്ന ഘടകത്തിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത് ചരങ്ങളും അവയുടെ തർജ്ജമയും മാത്രമാണ്. പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷയിൽ പറഞ്ഞാൽ ഒരു ഡാറ്റാബേസ് ആയി ഇതിനെ (Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData) കാണുക. ഈ ഡാറ്റാബേസിനെ വിളിക്കുകയാണ് പിന്നീട് ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age ഇൽ ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഈ ഘടകം (ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age) ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഫലകം ആണ് ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age എന്നത്. ഒടുവിൽ ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample എന്ന ഇൻഫോബോക്സിൽ തെറ്റായി ജനനതീയതി കൊടുത്തപ്പോൾ commondata യിൽ കൊടുത്ത വാല്യൂ കാണിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. ഇതിന്റെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ എന്റെ മനസ്സിൽ വന്നത്: *വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇൻബോക്സ് എന്ന സങ്കല്പം വരുമ്പോൾ ഇത് override ആവുമോ എന്നൊരു സംശയമുണ്ട്. *മലയാളം വിക്കിയിൽ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കിയാലും ഉടനെ ഇതിന് പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവില്ല.പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവണമെങ്കിൽ ഏത് വിക്കിയിൽ നിന്നാണോ ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുന്നത് അവിടെ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കണം. വിഷയത്തെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള നിങ്ങളുടെ അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 17:33, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:36, 12 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 21:53, 18 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:T Cells@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 19 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 26 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:53, 2 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 10 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 16 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:19, 23 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 30 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 8 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 12:45, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:07, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 21 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 29 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:39, 5 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 11 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Duplication of page after renaming == [[വിളയനൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] [[വിളയന്നൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] Looks like both existed separately following a 2013 renaming. [[പ്രത്യേകം:സംഭാവനകൾ/49.47.195.187|49.47.195.187]] 02:25, 13 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 19 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:10, 26 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Weekly highlight</span>''' * ഒരു പകർപ്പവകാശ ലംഘനം നീക്കം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ എഡിറ്റ് സംഗ്രഹങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ടെംപ്ലേറ്റുകൾ, സാങ്കേതിക പദങ്ങൾ, നയങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുടെ പട്ടിക തയ്യാറാക്കാൻ എഡിറ്റിംഗ് ടീം ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിലൂടെ പകർപ്പവകാശ പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളാൽ തിരികെ കൊണ്ടുവന്ന എഡിറ്റുകളുടെ എണ്ണം തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കും. താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന വിക്കികളിലെ കമ്മ്യൂണിറ്റി അംഗങ്ങളെ [[Phab:T402601|T402601]]-ൽ ഈ പദങ്ങൾ ചേർക്കാൻ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അവരുടെ പട്ടിക [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]-നൊപ്പം പങ്കിടാൻ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/ml}}. ഈ പ്രോജക്റ്റ് 2025 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 9 വരെ തുറന്നിരിക്കും. '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for editors</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page.</span> [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].</span> * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for technical contributors</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Detailed code updates later this week:</span> [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Meetings and events</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|ടെക് വാർത്തകൾ]]''' തയാറാക്കിയത്-[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|ടെക് ന്യൂസ് എഴുത്തുകാർ]], പോസ്റ്റുചെയ്തത് [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|സംഭാവന ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|സഹായം തേടു]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|സബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക/അൺസബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:48, 1 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:12, 9 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:05, 15 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:54, 22 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 29 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:21, 6 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 13 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 20 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 27 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 3 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:37, 10 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:25, 17 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:55, 24 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 1 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 8 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:02, 15 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:44, 22 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 00:35, 6 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29825860 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 9 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|സംവാദം]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 17:09, 3 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ZI Jony@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 03:07, 29 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ സാങ്കേതിക വിഭാഗം (Movement Communications Specialist (Product & Tech)) അറിയിപ്പ് തന്നിരുന്നു. അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി തുടങ്ങുന്ന സമയത്ത് മലയാളം ഭാഷ പരിഗണിക്കുന്നതുസംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയപ്പ് തന്നിട്ടുള്ളതും ചേരാൻ സമ്മതം അറിയിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതുമാണ്. അതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട തുടർപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ സംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയിപ്പ് [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത്#Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot|ഇവിടെ കാണാവുന്നതാണ്]].ഇത് പരീക്ഷണാടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്നത്. എല്ലാവരുടെയും സഹകരണം പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:32, 5 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) === ചർച്ച === താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ താൽപര്യമുള്ളവർ ദയവായി അറിയിക്കുക: * മലയാളത്തിലെ Wikidata Lexemes മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനായി സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? * മലയാള ഭാഷയിൽ [[വിക്കിഫങ്ഷൻസ്]] പരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? ''ഇതിനായി പ്രോഗ്രാമിംഗ് പരിജ്ഞാനം ആവശ്യമില്ല.'' :'''മുകളിൽ പങ്കുവച്ച നിർദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് 2026 ജൂലൈ 18-നകം ഇവിടെ പഞ്ചായത്തിൽ ചർച്ച നടത്തി ചുവടെയുള്ള വിഭാഗത്തിൽ താങ്കളുടെ നിലപാടും പിന്തുണ അറിയിക്കണമെന്ന് അഭ്യർഥിക്കുന്നു.'''-[[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:11, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) === സമ്മതം === {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.- [[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:12, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്. [[User:Roopeshor6]] {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാനും താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Tonynirappathu|Tonynirappathu]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Tonynirappathu|സംവാദം]]) 14:28, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. --[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 17:50, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.--'''[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Kiran Gopi|KG]]''' [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Kiran Gopi|(കിരൺ)]] 18:53, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> js249s6rzf0pd09bycl2td1e5gt28h7 4644212 4644210 2026-07-07T12:43:15Z Ranjithsiji 22471 move to archive 4644212 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{prettyurl|Wiki_Panchayath_Technical}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ പഞ്ചായത്ത്}} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" style="float: right; background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:1px;border: thin solid red; width: 160px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; buyhttyyuackground:red; color:#ffffff;text-align:center;"| '''സാങ്കേതികവിഭാഗത്തിലെ</br>പഴയ സം‌വാദങ്ങൾ''' |- !align="center"|[[Image:Vista-file-manager.png|50px|സംവാദ നിലവറ]]<br/> * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive1|സംവാദ നിലവറ 1]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_2|സംവാദ നിലവറ 2]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_3|സംവാദ നിലവറ 3]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_4|സംവാദ നിലവറ 4]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_5|സംവാദ നിലവറ 5]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_6|സംവാദ നിലവറ 6]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_7|സംവാദ നിലവറ 7]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_8|സംവാദ നിലവറ 8]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_9|സംവാദ നിലവറ 9]] ---- *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യൂണികോഡ് 5.1.0|യൂണീകോഡ് ചർച്ച]] *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യു.എൽ.എസ്.|യു.എൽ.എസ്. ചർച്ച]] |} == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ സാങ്കേതിക വിഭാഗം (Movement Communications Specialist (Product & Tech)) അറിയിപ്പ് തന്നിരുന്നു. അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി തുടങ്ങുന്ന സമയത്ത് മലയാളം ഭാഷ പരിഗണിക്കുന്നതുസംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയപ്പ് തന്നിട്ടുള്ളതും ചേരാൻ സമ്മതം അറിയിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതുമാണ്. അതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട തുടർപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ സംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയിപ്പ് [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത്#Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot|ഇവിടെ കാണാവുന്നതാണ്]].ഇത് പരീക്ഷണാടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്നത്. എല്ലാവരുടെയും സഹകരണം പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:32, 5 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) === ചർച്ച === താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ താൽപര്യമുള്ളവർ ദയവായി അറിയിക്കുക: * മലയാളത്തിലെ Wikidata Lexemes മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനായി സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? * മലയാള ഭാഷയിൽ [[വിക്കിഫങ്ഷൻസ്]] പരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? ''ഇതിനായി പ്രോഗ്രാമിംഗ് പരിജ്ഞാനം ആവശ്യമില്ല.'' :'''മുകളിൽ പങ്കുവച്ച നിർദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് 2026 ജൂലൈ 18-നകം ഇവിടെ പഞ്ചായത്തിൽ ചർച്ച നടത്തി ചുവടെയുള്ള വിഭാഗത്തിൽ താങ്കളുടെ നിലപാടും പിന്തുണ അറിയിക്കണമെന്ന് അഭ്യർഥിക്കുന്നു.'''-[[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:11, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) === സമ്മതം === {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.- [[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:12, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്. [[User:Roopeshor6]] {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാനും താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Tonynirappathu|Tonynirappathu]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Tonynirappathu|സംവാദം]]) 14:28, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. --[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 17:50, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.--'''[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Kiran Gopi|KG]]''' [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Kiran Gopi|(കിരൺ)]] 18:53, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> p3detqslhuydtp5m1wmybyngutcn09g 4644253 4644212 2026-07-07T18:47:17Z Irshadpp 10433 /* അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് */ 4644253 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{prettyurl|Wiki_Panchayath_Technical}} {{വിക്കിപീഡിയ പഞ്ചായത്ത്}} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" style="float: right; background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:1px;border: thin solid red; width: 160px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; buyhttyyuackground:red; color:#ffffff;text-align:center;"| '''സാങ്കേതികവിഭാഗത്തിലെ</br>പഴയ സം‌വാദങ്ങൾ''' |- !align="center"|[[Image:Vista-file-manager.png|50px|സംവാദ നിലവറ]]<br/> * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive1|സംവാദ നിലവറ 1]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_2|സംവാദ നിലവറ 2]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_3|സംവാദ നിലവറ 3]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_4|സംവാദ നിലവറ 4]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_5|സംവാദ നിലവറ 5]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_6|സംവാദ നിലവറ 6]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_7|സംവാദ നിലവറ 7]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_8|സംവാദ നിലവറ 8]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/archive_9|സംവാദ നിലവറ 9]] ---- *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യൂണികോഡ് 5.1.0|യൂണീകോഡ് ചർച്ച]] *[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത് (സാങ്കേതികം)/യു.എൽ.എസ്.|യു.എൽ.എസ്. ചർച്ച]] |} == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് == അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ചേർക്കുന്നത് സംബന്ധിച്ച് വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ സാങ്കേതിക വിഭാഗം (Movement Communications Specialist (Product & Tech)) അറിയിപ്പ് തന്നിരുന്നു. അബസ്ട്രാക്റ്റ് വിക്കിപീഡിയ പദ്ധതി തുടങ്ങുന്ന സമയത്ത് മലയാളം ഭാഷ പരിഗണിക്കുന്നതുസംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയപ്പ് തന്നിട്ടുള്ളതും ചേരാൻ സമ്മതം അറിയിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതുമാണ്. അതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട തുടർപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ സംബന്ധിച്ച് അറിയിപ്പ് [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത്#Invitation to participate in Abstract Wikipedia pilot|ഇവിടെ കാണാവുന്നതാണ്]].ഇത് പരീക്ഷണാടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്നത്. എല്ലാവരുടെയും സഹകരണം പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:32, 5 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) === ചർച്ച === താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ താൽപര്യമുള്ളവർ ദയവായി അറിയിക്കുക: * മലയാളത്തിലെ Wikidata Lexemes മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനായി സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? * മലയാള ഭാഷയിൽ [[വിക്കിഫങ്ഷൻസ്]] പരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുണ്ടോ? ''ഇതിനായി പ്രോഗ്രാമിംഗ് പരിജ്ഞാനം ആവശ്യമില്ല.'' :'''മുകളിൽ പങ്കുവച്ച നിർദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് 2026 ജൂലൈ 18-നകം ഇവിടെ പഞ്ചായത്തിൽ ചർച്ച നടത്തി ചുവടെയുള്ള വിഭാഗത്തിൽ താങ്കളുടെ നിലപാടും പിന്തുണ അറിയിക്കണമെന്ന് അഭ്യർഥിക്കുന്നു.'''-[[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:11, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) === സമ്മതം === {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.- [[User:Gnoeee|<span style="color:#990000">❙❚❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span><span style="color:#000"> ജിനോയ് </span><span style="color:#006699">❚❙❚</span><span style="color:#339966">❙❙</span>]] [[User talk:Gnoeee|✉]] 08:12, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്. [[User:Roopeshor6]] {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാനും താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് (പരിപാടി നടക്കുന്നത് ഒഴിവുദിവസങ്ങളിലോ വൈകുന്നേരങ്ങളിലോ ആണെങ്കിൽ). ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവാനും താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട്[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Tonynirappathu|Tonynirappathu]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Tonynirappathu|സംവാദം]]) 14:28, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. --[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">രൺജിത്ത് സിജി </span>{Ranjithsiji}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Ranjithsiji|<span style="color:green;font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 17:50, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു.--'''[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Kiran Gopi|KG]]''' [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Kiran Gopi|(കിരൺ)]] 18:53, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) {{support}} -- പരിശീലന ശില്പശാലയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ട് ടെസ്റ്റ് ഉപയോക്താവായി പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ താല്പര്യം അറിയിക്കുന്നു. ഓൺലൈൻ സെഷനുകളാവുമെന്ന് പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു.--[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Irshadpp|Irshadpp]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Irshadpp|സംവാദം]]) 18:47, 7 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> n5opom1psl0n72v9z4udok5qsfps06v 0 7209 4644242 4643581 2026-07-07T16:43:07Z ~2026-38798-92 220064 /* പ്രധാന പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ */ 4644242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|T.Padmanabhan}} {{Infobox Writer | name =ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | image =T Padmanabhan closeup.JPG|thumb|right|ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | imagesize = 250px | caption = ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | pseudonym = | birthdate = ഫെബ്രുവരി 5 , 1931 | birthplace = [[പള്ളിക്കുന്ന്]],[[കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ല]] | occupation = [[എഫ്.എ.സി.ടി]] (FACT) ഡപ്യൂട്ടി ജനരൽ മാനേജർ റിട്ടയേർഡ് | nationality = [[ഭാരതം|ഭാരതീയൻ]] | period = | genre = | subject = ചെറുകഥ | movement = | debut_works = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} [[ആധുനിക മലയാളസാഹിത്യം|ആധുനിക മലയാളസാഹിത്യത്തിലെ]] പ്രശസ്തനായ ഒരു [[ചെറുകഥ|ചെറുകഥാകൃത്താണ്]] '''ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ.''' മുഴുവൻ പേര് '''തിണക്കൽ പത്മനാഭൻ'''. കഥാസാഹിത്യത്തിന്റെ അനന്തസാധ്യതകൾ മലയാള വായനക്കാരെ ബോധ്യപ്പെടുത്തിയ കഥാകൃത്താണ്<ref name="erumeli">മലയാള സാഹിത്യം കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിലൂടെ, പേജ് 371, എരുമേലി പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള, [[കറന്റ് ബുക്സ്]], 2008 ജൂലൈ </ref> ഇദ്ദേഹം എന്നു പറയാം. കവിതയുടെ വരമ്പത്തുകൂടി സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നവ എന്ന് ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെ വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാറുണ്ട്. ആഖ്യാനത്തിലെ സങ്കീർണതകൾ ഒഴിവാക്കുന്ന കഥാകൃത്താണ് ഇദ്ദേഹം.<ref name="kmg">ആധുനിക മലയാള സാഹിത്യം പ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലൂടെ, പേജ് 328, എഡിറ്റർ: കെ.എം. ജോർജ്ജ്, ഡി.സി. ബുക്സ്, 2009 ഏപ്രിൽ</ref> ഉദാത്തമായ ലാളിത്യം ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name="kmg" /> . ലളിതകൽപ്പനകളിലൂടെയും അനവദ്യസുന്ദരമായ ചമൽക്കാരങ്ങളിലൂടെയും കഥയെഴുത്തിൽ തനതായ സരണിയും നവഭാവുകത്വവും അദ്ദേഹം സൃഷ്ടിച്ചു. സത്യം, സ്നേഹം, ദയ, സഹാനുഭൂതി, ത്യാഗം, സമത്വം, മാനവികത തുടങ്ങിയ മൂല്യങ്ങൾ ഉണർത്തുന്നവയാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെല്ലാം. റഷ്യൻ, ഫ്രഞ്ച്, ജർമൻ ഭാഷകളിലേക്കും ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കൃതികൾ തർജിമ ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. == സാഹിത്യശൈലികൾ == കഥകൾ മാത്രമേ എഴുതൂ എന്ന് ഉറപ്പിച്ച എഴുത്തുകാരനാണ് ടി പത്മനാഭൻ.അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഓരോ കഥയും നല്കുന്ന ആശയം ഒരു ലേഖനത്തിനുപോലും നൽകാനാവില്ല..ഒരു കവിതയുടെ എല്ലാ ശൈലിയും ഒത്തൊരുങ്ങിയ ഒരു കഥ എന്നുതന്നെ ഓരോ കഥയെയും വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാം കാരണം പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന പെൺകുട്ടിയെ പോലെ,ഗൗരിയെ പോലെ ,ശേഖൂട്ടിയെ പോലെ ,മഖൻസിങ്ങിനെ പോലെ ജീവിതത്തിൻ്റെ നാനാമുഖങ്ങൾ നമുക്കുമുന്നിൽ മറ്റൊരാളും വരച്ചുകാട്ടിയിട്ടില്ല.തന്റെ കഥയിലൂടെ വായനക്കാരനെകൊണ്ട് മനസ്സിൽ അതിൻ്റെ ബാക്കിഭാഗത്തെ കുറിച്ച് അഗാധമായി ആലോചിക്കുവാനുള്ള പ്രേരണയും നൽകുന്നു.ഒരെഴുത്തുകാരൻ ഒരു വായനക്കാരന് നൽകുന്ന ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച സമ്മാനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണത്. == ജീവചരിത്രം == [[പ്രമാണം:T Padmanabhan.JPG|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി പദ്മനാഭൻ കേരള വനഗവേഷണ കേന്ദ്രത്തിൽ വച്ചു നടന്ന ഒരു കഥാക്യാമ്പിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്നു.]] 1931-ൽ [[കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ല|കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ലയിലെ]] പള്ളിക്കുന്നിൽ ജനനം. അച്ഛൻ പുതിയടത്ത് കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ. അമ്മ തിണക്കൽ ദേവകി എന്ന അമ്മുക്കുട്ടിയമ്മ. ചിറക്കൽ രാജാസ് ഹൈസ്ക്കൂളിലും [[മംഗലാപുരം]] ഗവൺമെന്റ് കോളേജിലും പഠനം. കുറച്ചുകൊല്ലം കണ്ണൂരിൽ വക്കീലായി പ്രാക്ടീസ് ചെയ്തു. ശേഷം [[എഫ്.എ.സി.ടി|ഫാക്ടിൽ]] ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥനായിരുന്നു. 1989-ൽ ഡപ്യൂട്ടി ജനറൽ മാനേജരായി റിട്ടയർ ചെയ്തു. പരേതയായ കല്ലന്മാർതൊടി ഭാർഗ്ഗവിയാണു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പത്നി<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1465|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 751|date = 2012 ജൂലൈ 16|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 09|language = മലയാളം}}</ref>. [[പ്രമാണം:T.padmanabhan.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി പത്മനാഭൻ ഒരു പരിപാടിയിൽ പ്രസംഗിക്കുന്നു.]] 1948 മുതൽ കഥകളെഴുതി തുടങ്ങി. ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഏതാണ്ടെല്ലാ ഭാഷകളിലും കഥകളുടെ തർജ്ജമകൾ വന്നിട്ടുണ്ട്. പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന ഒരു പെൺകുട്ടി എന്ന സമാഹാരം നാഷനൽ ബുക്ക് ട്രസ്റ്റ് 11 ഭാഷകളിൽ തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്ത് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്.നൂറ്റി അറുപതിൽ പരം കഥകൾ എഴുതിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>പ്രശസ്തരായ സാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ ( ഡോ.കെ. രവീന്ദ്രൻ നായർ)</ref> == പ്രധാന പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == [[പ്രമാണം:T Padmanabhan and P K Parakkadavu.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി. പദ്മനാഭൻ [[പി.കെ. പാറക്കടവ്|പി കെ പാറക്കടവിനോടൊപ്പം]]]] * മാതൃഭൂമി സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം - 2015<ref>{{cite web|title=മാതൃഭൂമി സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌ക്കാരം ടി.പത്മനാഭന്‌|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/t_padmanabhan/574325/index.html|website=മാതൃഭൂമി|accessdate=7 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2015|archive-date=2015-09-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150907132457/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/t_padmanabhan/574325/index.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> *കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെ വിശിഷ്ടാംഗത്വം (2012)<ref>http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=286203{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ പുരസ്കാരം]] (2003) (കേരള സർക്കാർ ഏർപ്പെടുത്തിയത്)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2006-11-26 |archive-date=2003-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031124024424/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[വയലാർ ‍അവാർഡ്]] (2001)-പുഴ കടന്നു മരങ്ങളുടെ ഇടയിലേക്ക് *വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്‌കാരം (2001) * [[ലളിതാംബിക അന്തർജ്ജനം പുരസ്കാരം]] (1998) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/literacycriticsm.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2006-11-26 |archive-date=2016-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604173519/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/literacycriticsm.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ആൽ- ഐൻ അവാർഡ് (1997) - ([[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]] എന്ന കൃതിക്ക്) * സാഹിത്യപരിഷത്ത് അവാർഡ് (1988) - (കാലഭൈരവൻ എന്ന കൃതിക്ക്) * ഓ.എൻ.വി. സ്മാരക പുരസ്‌കാരം -2019 1974-ൽ '[[സാക്ഷി (ചെറുകഥ)|സാക്ഷി]]' എന്ന കഥാസമാഹാരത്തിന് കേരളസാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡും<ref name="KSA">{{cite web |title=കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/Award%20Pages.pdf |accessdate=27 മാർച്ച് 2020}}</ref> 1996-ൽ '[[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]]' എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിന് കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡും ലഭിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ ഈ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ അവാർഡ് സംവിധാനത്തോടുള്ള എതിർപ്പു മൂലം ഇദ്ദേഹം നിരസിച്ചു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1711618/2012-07-13/kerala |title=അക്കാദമി ഫെലോഷിപ്പ് സ്വീകരിക്കും; അതിന് കാരണവുമുണ്ട്- ടി.പദ്മനാഭൻ, മാതൃഭൂമി ഓൺലൈൻ |access-date=2012-07-26 |archive-date=2012-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714145931/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1711618/2012-07-13/kerala |url-status=dead }}</ref>. 1995-ൽ ''കടൽ'' എന്ന കൃതിക്ക് ലഭിച്ച [[ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരം|ഓടക്കുഴൽ അവാർഡും]] ഇദ്ദേഹം നിരസിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://dcbookstore.com/authors/padmanabhan-t|title= എഴുത്തുകാർ : ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ|last= |first= |date= 2022 |website=dcbookstore.com|publisher=ഡി.സി. ബുക്സ് |access-date=4 ജനുവരി 2022|quote=സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെയും കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെയും അവാർഡുകളും ഓടക്കുഴൽ അവാർഡും നിരസിച്ചു.}}</ref> ==കൃതികൾ== [[File:T. Padmanabhan ( Thinakkal Padmanabhan ) 13.jpg|thumb|കാനായിയിൽ നടന്ന ബാലസാഹിത്യക്യാമ്പിൽ]] === കഥാസമാഹാരങ്ങൾ=== * [[പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന ഒരു പെൺകുട്ടി]] (1955)<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1891|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 778|date = 2013 ജനുവരി 21|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 20|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * ഒരു കഥാകൃത്ത് കുരിശിൽ (1956) * [[മഖൻ സിംഗിന്റെ മരണം]] (1958) * [[ടി. പത്മനാഭന്റെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത കൃതികൾ]] (1971) * [[സാക്ഷി (ചെറുകഥ)|സാക്ഷി]] (1973) *ശേഖൂട്ടി * [[ഹാരിസൺ സായ്‌വിന്റെ നായ]] (1979) * വീടു നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട കുട്ടി (1983) * അശ്വതി *[[ഗസ്സയിലെ കുട്ടികൾ]] (2026) * *മരയ *പെരുമഴ പോലെ * * [[കാലഭൈരവൻ]] (1986) . *[[കത്തുന്ന ഒരു രഥ ചക്രം]] * നളിനകാന്തി (1988)<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1529|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 755|date = 2012 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 13|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 11|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * [[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]] (1991) * കടൽ 1994 * പത്മനാഭന്റെ കഥകൾ (1995) * പള്ളിക്കുന്ന് * ഖലീഫാ ഉമറിന്റെ പിൻമുറക്കാർ<ref>{{cite news|title = വായന|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/744|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 708|date = 2011 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 19|accessdate = 2013 മാർച്ച് 24|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> ===സ്മരണകൾ=== *കഥകൾക്കിടയിൽ *യാത്രയ്ക്കിടയിൽ == അവലംബം == {{reflist|2}} * [http://www.malayalamresourcecentre.org/Mrc/literature/authors/authors.html മലയാളം റിസോഴ്സ് സെന്റർ . ഓർഗ്ഗ്]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518124401/http://www.malayalamresourcecentre.org/Mrc/literature/authors/authors.html |date=2007-05-18 }} == പുറത്തുനിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{Commons category|T. Padmanabhan}} * [http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm ഹിന്ദു ദിനപത്രത്തിൽ വന്ന ലേഖനം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031124024424/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |date=2003-11-24 }} {{എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ പുരസ്കാരം നേടിയ സാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ}} {{കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്‌കാരം - മലയാളം}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1931-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 5-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വയലാർ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാള കഥാകൃത്തുക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മുട്ടത്തു വർക്കി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ലയിൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച മലയാളികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചെറുകഥക്കുള്ള കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] {{India-writer-stub}} 6ct6dqk281gv0jn5spi8b7tyw2gbrak 4644243 4644242 2026-07-07T16:45:29Z ~2026-38798-92 220064 /* കഥാസമാഹാരങ്ങൾ */ 4644243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|T.Padmanabhan}} {{Infobox Writer | name =ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | image =T Padmanabhan closeup.JPG|thumb|right|ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | imagesize = 250px | caption = ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ | pseudonym = | birthdate = ഫെബ്രുവരി 5 , 1931 | birthplace = [[പള്ളിക്കുന്ന്]],[[കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ല]] | occupation = [[എഫ്.എ.സി.ടി]] (FACT) ഡപ്യൂട്ടി ജനരൽ മാനേജർ റിട്ടയേർഡ് | nationality = [[ഭാരതം|ഭാരതീയൻ]] | period = | genre = | subject = ചെറുകഥ | movement = | debut_works = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} [[ആധുനിക മലയാളസാഹിത്യം|ആധുനിക മലയാളസാഹിത്യത്തിലെ]] പ്രശസ്തനായ ഒരു [[ചെറുകഥ|ചെറുകഥാകൃത്താണ്]] '''ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ.''' മുഴുവൻ പേര് '''തിണക്കൽ പത്മനാഭൻ'''. കഥാസാഹിത്യത്തിന്റെ അനന്തസാധ്യതകൾ മലയാള വായനക്കാരെ ബോധ്യപ്പെടുത്തിയ കഥാകൃത്താണ്<ref name="erumeli">മലയാള സാഹിത്യം കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിലൂടെ, പേജ് 371, എരുമേലി പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള, [[കറന്റ് ബുക്സ്]], 2008 ജൂലൈ </ref> ഇദ്ദേഹം എന്നു പറയാം. കവിതയുടെ വരമ്പത്തുകൂടി സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നവ എന്ന് ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെ വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാറുണ്ട്. ആഖ്യാനത്തിലെ സങ്കീർണതകൾ ഒഴിവാക്കുന്ന കഥാകൃത്താണ് ഇദ്ദേഹം.<ref name="kmg">ആധുനിക മലയാള സാഹിത്യം പ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലൂടെ, പേജ് 328, എഡിറ്റർ: കെ.എം. ജോർജ്ജ്, ഡി.സി. ബുക്സ്, 2009 ഏപ്രിൽ</ref> ഉദാത്തമായ ലാളിത്യം ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name="kmg" /> . ലളിതകൽപ്പനകളിലൂടെയും അനവദ്യസുന്ദരമായ ചമൽക്കാരങ്ങളിലൂടെയും കഥയെഴുത്തിൽ തനതായ സരണിയും നവഭാവുകത്വവും അദ്ദേഹം സൃഷ്ടിച്ചു. സത്യം, സ്നേഹം, ദയ, സഹാനുഭൂതി, ത്യാഗം, സമത്വം, മാനവികത തുടങ്ങിയ മൂല്യങ്ങൾ ഉണർത്തുന്നവയാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഥകളെല്ലാം. റഷ്യൻ, ഫ്രഞ്ച്, ജർമൻ ഭാഷകളിലേക്കും ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കൃതികൾ തർജിമ ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. == സാഹിത്യശൈലികൾ == കഥകൾ മാത്രമേ എഴുതൂ എന്ന് ഉറപ്പിച്ച എഴുത്തുകാരനാണ് ടി പത്മനാഭൻ.അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഓരോ കഥയും നല്കുന്ന ആശയം ഒരു ലേഖനത്തിനുപോലും നൽകാനാവില്ല..ഒരു കവിതയുടെ എല്ലാ ശൈലിയും ഒത്തൊരുങ്ങിയ ഒരു കഥ എന്നുതന്നെ ഓരോ കഥയെയും വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കാം കാരണം പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന പെൺകുട്ടിയെ പോലെ,ഗൗരിയെ പോലെ ,ശേഖൂട്ടിയെ പോലെ ,മഖൻസിങ്ങിനെ പോലെ ജീവിതത്തിൻ്റെ നാനാമുഖങ്ങൾ നമുക്കുമുന്നിൽ മറ്റൊരാളും വരച്ചുകാട്ടിയിട്ടില്ല.തന്റെ കഥയിലൂടെ വായനക്കാരനെകൊണ്ട് മനസ്സിൽ അതിൻ്റെ ബാക്കിഭാഗത്തെ കുറിച്ച് അഗാധമായി ആലോചിക്കുവാനുള്ള പ്രേരണയും നൽകുന്നു.ഒരെഴുത്തുകാരൻ ഒരു വായനക്കാരന് നൽകുന്ന ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച സമ്മാനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണത്. == ജീവചരിത്രം == [[പ്രമാണം:T Padmanabhan.JPG|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി പദ്മനാഭൻ കേരള വനഗവേഷണ കേന്ദ്രത്തിൽ വച്ചു നടന്ന ഒരു കഥാക്യാമ്പിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്നു.]] 1931-ൽ [[കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ല|കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ലയിലെ]] പള്ളിക്കുന്നിൽ ജനനം. അച്ഛൻ പുതിയടത്ത് കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ. അമ്മ തിണക്കൽ ദേവകി എന്ന അമ്മുക്കുട്ടിയമ്മ. ചിറക്കൽ രാജാസ് ഹൈസ്ക്കൂളിലും [[മംഗലാപുരം]] ഗവൺമെന്റ് കോളേജിലും പഠനം. കുറച്ചുകൊല്ലം കണ്ണൂരിൽ വക്കീലായി പ്രാക്ടീസ് ചെയ്തു. ശേഷം [[എഫ്.എ.സി.ടി|ഫാക്ടിൽ]] ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥനായിരുന്നു. 1989-ൽ ഡപ്യൂട്ടി ജനറൽ മാനേജരായി റിട്ടയർ ചെയ്തു. പരേതയായ കല്ലന്മാർതൊടി ഭാർഗ്ഗവിയാണു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പത്നി<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1465|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 751|date = 2012 ജൂലൈ 16|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 09|language = മലയാളം}}</ref>. [[പ്രമാണം:T.padmanabhan.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി പത്മനാഭൻ ഒരു പരിപാടിയിൽ പ്രസംഗിക്കുന്നു.]] 1948 മുതൽ കഥകളെഴുതി തുടങ്ങി. ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഏതാണ്ടെല്ലാ ഭാഷകളിലും കഥകളുടെ തർജ്ജമകൾ വന്നിട്ടുണ്ട്. പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന ഒരു പെൺകുട്ടി എന്ന സമാഹാരം നാഷനൽ ബുക്ക് ട്രസ്റ്റ് 11 ഭാഷകളിൽ തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്ത് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്.നൂറ്റി അറുപതിൽ പരം കഥകൾ എഴുതിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>പ്രശസ്തരായ സാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ ( ഡോ.കെ. രവീന്ദ്രൻ നായർ)</ref> == പ്രധാന പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == [[പ്രമാണം:T Padmanabhan and P K Parakkadavu.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ടി. പദ്മനാഭൻ [[പി.കെ. പാറക്കടവ്|പി കെ പാറക്കടവിനോടൊപ്പം]]]] * മാതൃഭൂമി സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം - 2015<ref>{{cite web|title=മാതൃഭൂമി സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌ക്കാരം ടി.പത്മനാഭന്‌|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/t_padmanabhan/574325/index.html|website=മാതൃഭൂമി|accessdate=7 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2015|archive-date=2015-09-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150907132457/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/specials/t_padmanabhan/574325/index.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> *കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെ വിശിഷ്ടാംഗത്വം (2012)<ref>http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=286203{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ പുരസ്കാരം]] (2003) (കേരള സർക്കാർ ഏർപ്പെടുത്തിയത്)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2006-11-26 |archive-date=2003-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031124024424/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[വയലാർ ‍അവാർഡ്]] (2001)-പുഴ കടന്നു മരങ്ങളുടെ ഇടയിലേക്ക് *വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്‌കാരം (2001) * [[ലളിതാംബിക അന്തർജ്ജനം പുരസ്കാരം]] (1998) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/literacycriticsm.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2006-11-26 |archive-date=2016-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604173519/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/literacycriticsm.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഓഫ് ആൽ- ഐൻ അവാർഡ് (1997) - ([[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]] എന്ന കൃതിക്ക്) * സാഹിത്യപരിഷത്ത് അവാർഡ് (1988) - (കാലഭൈരവൻ എന്ന കൃതിക്ക്) * ഓ.എൻ.വി. സ്മാരക പുരസ്‌കാരം -2019 1974-ൽ '[[സാക്ഷി (ചെറുകഥ)|സാക്ഷി]]' എന്ന കഥാസമാഹാരത്തിന് കേരളസാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡും<ref name="KSA">{{cite web |title=കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/Award%20Pages.pdf |accessdate=27 മാർച്ച് 2020}}</ref> 1996-ൽ '[[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]]' എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിന് കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡും ലഭിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ ഈ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ അവാർഡ് സംവിധാനത്തോടുള്ള എതിർപ്പു മൂലം ഇദ്ദേഹം നിരസിച്ചു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1711618/2012-07-13/kerala |title=അക്കാദമി ഫെലോഷിപ്പ് സ്വീകരിക്കും; അതിന് കാരണവുമുണ്ട്- ടി.പദ്മനാഭൻ, മാതൃഭൂമി ഓൺലൈൻ |access-date=2012-07-26 |archive-date=2012-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714145931/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/1711618/2012-07-13/kerala |url-status=dead }}</ref>. 1995-ൽ ''കടൽ'' എന്ന കൃതിക്ക് ലഭിച്ച [[ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരം|ഓടക്കുഴൽ അവാർഡും]] ഇദ്ദേഹം നിരസിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://dcbookstore.com/authors/padmanabhan-t|title= എഴുത്തുകാർ : ടി. പത്മനാഭൻ|last= |first= |date= 2022 |website=dcbookstore.com|publisher=ഡി.സി. ബുക്സ് |access-date=4 ജനുവരി 2022|quote=സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെയും കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെയും അവാർഡുകളും ഓടക്കുഴൽ അവാർഡും നിരസിച്ചു.}}</ref> ==കൃതികൾ== [[File:T. Padmanabhan ( Thinakkal Padmanabhan ) 13.jpg|thumb|കാനായിയിൽ നടന്ന ബാലസാഹിത്യക്യാമ്പിൽ]] === കഥാസമാഹാരങ്ങൾ=== * [[പ്രകാശം പരത്തുന്ന ഒരു പെൺകുട്ടി]] (1955)<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1891|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 778|date = 2013 ജനുവരി 21|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 20|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * ഒരു കഥാകൃത്ത് കുരിശിൽ (1956) * [[മഖൻ സിങ്ങിൻ്റെ മരണം|മഖൻ സിങ്ങിന്റെ മരണം]] (1958) * [[ടി. പത്മനാഭന്റെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത കൃതികൾ]] (1971) * [[സാക്ഷി (ചെറുകഥ)|സാക്ഷി]] (1973) *ശേഖൂട്ടി * [[ഹാരിസൺ സായ്‌വിന്റെ നായ]] (1979) * വീടു നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട കുട്ടി (1983) * അശ്വതി *[[ഗസ്സയിലെ കുട്ടികൾ]] (2026) * *മരയ *പെരുമഴ പോലെ * * [[കാലഭൈരവൻ]] (1986) . *[[കത്തുന്ന ഒരു രഥ ചക്രം]] * നളിനകാന്തി (1988)<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/1529|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 755|date = 2012 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 13|accessdate = 2013 മെയ് 11|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * [[ഗൗരി (ചെറുകഥ)|ഗൗരി]] (1991) * കടൽ 1994 * പത്മനാഭന്റെ കഥകൾ (1995) * പള്ളിക്കുന്ന് * ഖലീഫാ ഉമറിന്റെ പിൻമുറക്കാർ<ref>{{cite news|title = വായന|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/744|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 708|date = 2011 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 19|accessdate = 2013 മാർച്ച് 24|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> ===സ്മരണകൾ=== *കഥകൾക്കിടയിൽ *യാത്രയ്ക്കിടയിൽ == അവലംബം == {{reflist|2}} * [http://www.malayalamresourcecentre.org/Mrc/literature/authors/authors.html മലയാളം റിസോഴ്സ് സെന്റർ . ഓർഗ്ഗ്]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518124401/http://www.malayalamresourcecentre.org/Mrc/literature/authors/authors.html |date=2007-05-18 }} == പുറത്തുനിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{Commons category|T. Padmanabhan}} * [http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm ഹിന്ദു ദിനപത്രത്തിൽ വന്ന ലേഖനം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031124024424/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/02/stories/2003110202680500.htm |date=2003-11-24 }} {{എഴുത്തച്ഛൻ പുരസ്കാരം നേടിയ സാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ}} {{കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്‌കാരം - മലയാളം}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1931-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 5-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വയലാർ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാള കഥാകൃത്തുക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മുട്ടത്തു വർക്കി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ലയിൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച മലയാളികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചെറുകഥക്കുള്ള കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] {{India-writer-stub}} 37vgat67x99a1s9wsgoh6nq2w00japc 0 7370 4644276 4582165 2026-07-07T22:36:08Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Ottappalam}} {{ആധികാരികത}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലങ്ങൾ |സ്ഥലപ്പേർ=ഒറ്റപ്പാലം |അപരനാമം = ഒറ്റപ്പാലം |ചിത്രം =otp bus stand1.jpg |ചിത്രം വീതി =250px |ചിത്രം തലക്കെട്ട് =ഒറ്റപ്പാലം പ്രൈവറ്റ് ബസ് സ്റ്റാന്റും മെയിൻ റോഡും |ജില്ല/മഹാനഗരം/പട്ടണം/ഗ്രാമം = പട്ടണം |അക്ഷാംശം = 10.8900 |രേഖാംശം = 76.3800 |ജില്ല = പാലക്കാട് |ഭരണസ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ = നഗര സഭ |ഭരണസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ = നഗര സഭ |ഭരണനേതൃത്വം = ചെയർമാൻ |വിസ്തീർണ്ണം = |ജനസംഖ്യ = 49,230 |ജനസാന്ദ്രത = |Pincode/Zipcode = 679101 |TelephoneCode = 4662 (91 ഇൻഡ്യയുടെ കോഡ്) |പ്രധാന ആകർഷണങ്ങൾ = ഭാരതപ്പുഴ |കുറിപ്പുകൾ= }} [[പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല|പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലയിൽ]] [[ഭാരതപ്പുഴ|ഭാരതപ്പുഴയുടെ]] തീരത്ത് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഒരു പട്ടണമാണ് '''ഒറ്റപ്പാലം'''. സമ്പന്നമായ സാംസ്കാരിക പാരമ്പര്യമുള്ള ഒറ്റപ്പാലം ഒരുപാട് ചരിത്ര സംഭവങ്ങൾക്ക് സാക്ഷ്യം വഹിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. പണ്ട് [[മദ്രാസ് സംസ്ഥാനം| മദ്രാസ് സംസ്ഥാനത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട]] [[മലബാർ ജില്ല|മലബാർ ജില്ലയിലെ]] [[വള്ളുവനാട്]] താലൂക്കിൽ ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു ഈ പ്രദേശം. പിന്നീട് 1969 ൽ വള്ളുവനാട് താലൂക്ക് വിഭജിച്ച് ഈ പട്ടണം ആസ്ഥാനമായി [[ഒറ്റപ്പാലം താലൂക്ക്]] രൂപീകരിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. == ചരിത്രം == [[ഒറ്റപ്പാലം]] എന്ന് ഇന്ന് അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന പ്രദേശം മുൻപ് അരിയൂർ തെക്കുമ്മുറി ദേശം എന്നാണു അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. ഇന്നത്തെ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം, [[പട്ടാമ്പി]], [[ചെർ‌പ്പുളശ്ശേരി]] പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ പ്രാചീന നെടുങ്ങനാടിൻറെ ഭാഗമായിരുന്നു..<ref>{{cite book |last1=നെടുങ്ങനാട് ചരിത്രം |title=എസ് രാജേന്ദു |date=2012 |location=പെരിന്തൽമണ്ണ}}</ref> [[നെടുങ്ങേതിരിപ്പാട്]] ആയിരുന്നു നെടുങ്ങനാട്ടിലെ ഭരണാധിപൻ. ചെമ്പുലങ്ങാട് കൊടിക്കുന്നിന് സമീപമുള്ള മാക്കോവിലകം ആയിരുന്നു ആസ്ഥാനം. [[കവളപ്പാറ സ്വരൂപം|കവളപ്പാറ]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=കവളപ്പാറ-ചരിത്രവും പൈതൃകവും |title=ഒ.പി. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |date=2014}}</ref> [[തൃക്കടീരി]], [[വീട്ടിക്കാട്]]-[[കണ്ണമ്പ്ര]], വട്ടക്കാവിൽ പെരുമ്പട നായന്മാരായിരുന്നു നെടുങ്ങേതിരിയുടെ കീഴിൽ നെടുങ്ങനാട് ഭരിച്ചിരുന്നത്. ഇതിൽ തൃക്കടീരി നായരുടെ ഭരണപ്രദേശമാണിത്. ഇതിൻറെ വടക്കേയറ്റം അരിയൂർ-വടക്കുംമുറി [[മണ്ണാർക്കാട്|മണ്ണാർക്കാടി]]നു സമീപം തുടങ്ങി അരിയൂർ-തെക്കുംമുറിയിൽ അവസാനിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=ഒററപ്പാലം വായനശാലാ സുവനീർ |title=ഒററപ്പാലം |date=2014}}</ref> അരിയൂർ-തെക്കുമ്മുറി കഴിഞ്ഞു ''കണ്ണിയംപുറം തോടിന്റെ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം'' കടന്നാൽ കവളപ്പാറ നായർക്ക് ചുങ്കം നൽകാനുള്ള സ്ഥലമായി. <p>എ.ഡി.1487 -നടുത്ത് [[സാമൂതിരി]] [[നെടുങ്ങനാട്]] കീഴടക്കി [[കരിമ്പുഴ]]യിൽ കോവിലകം പണിതു.<ref>{{cite book |last1=നെടുങ്ങനാട് ചരിത്രം |title=എസ് രാജേന്ദു |date=2012 |location=പെരിന്തൽമണ്ണ}}</ref> 1766 -ൽ [[ഹൈദരലി]] [[മൈസൂർ]] സൈന്യവുമായി വന്ന് സാമൂതിരിനാട് കീഴടക്കി. <ref>{{cite book |last1=മൈസൂർ പടയോട്ടം 250 വർഷങ്ങൾ |title=എസ് രാജേന്ദു |date=2016 |publisher=വള്ളത്തോൾ വിദ്യാപീഠം |location=ശുകപുരം}}</ref> 1792 -ലെ [[ശ്രീരംഗപട്ടണം]] ഉടമ്പടിയോടെ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഈസ്റ്റ് ഇന്ത്യ കമ്പനി|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കമ്പനി]] ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിലായി. ബ്രിട്ടിഷുകാർ [[മലബാർ ജില്ല]] രൂപീകരിച്ചു [[കോഴിക്കോട്|കോഴിക്കോട്ട്]] ആസ്ഥാനം പണിതു.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Logan |title=Malabar (2 vols) |date=1887 |location=Madras}}</ref> [[തലശ്ശേരി]]യിലും [[ചെർ‌പ്പുളശ്ശേരി]]യിലും ഓരോ സൂപ്രണ്ടുമാരെ (തുക്കിടി സായ്‌വ്) നിയമിച്ചു. ചെർപ്പുളശ്ശേരിയിലെ ആസ്ഥാനം പിന്നീട് ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തേക്കു മാററിയതായി ഗസറ്റിയറിൽ പറയുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Malabar District Gazatteer |title=C.A. Innes |date=1908}}</ref> റെയിൽവേ വന്ന് സ്റ്റേഷന് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം എന്നു നാമകരണം ചെയ്തു. സൗത്ത് മലബാർ സ്പെഷ്യൽ കോടതി 1880 ആവുമ്പോഴേക്കും ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്ത് പ്രവർത്തനം ആരംഭിച്ചു. അങ്ങനെ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം എന്ന പേര് സാർവ്വത്രികമായി. അരിയൂർ-തെക്കുമ്മുറി എന്ന പേര് ഭൂമിയുടെ ആധാരങ്ങളിൽ മാത്രം ഒതുങ്ങിനിന്നു. <p>ഒറ്റപ്പാലം എന്ന പേരിന്നു കാരണം ഇവിടത്തെ കച്ചേരി വളപ്പിൽ ഒറ്റക്കു നിൽക്കുന്ന ഒരു [[പാല]] മരമാണ് എന്നും പാല നിന്നിടം ഒറ്റപ്പാല എന്നും അതിനപ്പുറം ഉള്ള ഗ്രാമം പാലയ്ക്കപ്പുറം അഥവാ [[പാലപ്പുറം]] എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടു എന്നും ചില ആളുകൾ പറഞ്ഞുവരുന്നു. == പിത്കാല ചരിത്രം == [[ടി. പ്രകാശം]] അധ്യക്ഷനായി 1921-ൽ ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്ത് വെച്ചു നടന്ന ആദ്യ കേരള സംസ്ഥാന കോൺഗ്രസ്സ് സമ്മേളനത്തിൽ വെച്ചാണ് കേരളത്തിലെ കോൺഗ്രസ്സ് പ്രവർത്തനത്തിനു തുടക്കം കുറിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. ദേശീയസമ്മേളനത്തിൽ അദ്ധ്യക്ഷത വഹിച്ച ആദ്യ കേരളീയനായ ശ്രീമാൻ [[ചേറ്റൂർ ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aicc.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=11 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723132855/http://aicc.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (1897ൽ [[അമരാവതി(സ്ഥലനാമം|അമരാവതി]]യിൽ) ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തുകാരനായിരുന്നു എന്നത് ദേശീയ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യപ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ അക്കാലത്തുതന്നെ ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തിന്റെ കൈമുദ്ര പതിഞ്ഞിരുന്നു എന്നതിന്റെ തെളിവാണ്. പിണറായി പാറപ്പുറത്തുവച്ച് കമ്യുണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടിയുടെ ആദ്യ സംമ്മേളനം നടക്കുന്നതിനു മുമ്പ് 1937ൽ ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തുവെച്ചാണ് പാർട്ടിയുടെ ആദ്യഘടകം രൂപംകൊണ്ടത് എന്ന് ഐ.സി.പി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. ഇന്ത്യയിൽ പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ആദ്യത്തെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിയായ [[കെ.ആർ. നാരാ‍യണൻ]] അതിനു മുമ്പ് മൂന്ന് തവണ ലോകസഭയിലേക്ക് (1984, 1989, 1991) ഒറ്റപ്പാലം നിയോജകണ്ഡലത്തെ പ്രതിനിധീകരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[തുള്ളൽ പ്രസ്ഥാനം|തുള്ളൽ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ]] ഉപജ്ഞാതാവായ [[കുഞ്ചൻ നമ്പ്യാർ|കുഞ്ചൻ നമ്പ്യാരുടെ]] ജന്മസ്ഥലമായ [[ലക്കിടി|ലക്കിടിയിലെ]] [[കിള്ളിക്കുറുശിമംഗലം]] ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്ത് നിന്നും 8 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയുള്ള [[ലക്കിടിപേരൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|ലക്കിടി-പേരൂർ]] ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ‍പ്രശസ്ത [[കൂടിയാട്ടം|കൂടിയാട്ട]] കലാകാരനായ പദ്മശ്രീ [[മാണി മാധവ ചാക്യാർ|മാണി മാധവ ചാക്യാരുടെ]] വസതിയും കിള്ളിക്കുറുശിമംഗലത്താണ്. സർദാർ പട്ടേലിന്റെ സെക്രട്ടറിയായിരുന്ന വി.പി.മേനോൻ, [[കെ പി എസ് മേനോൻ]], [[ശ്രീ ശിവശങ്കരമേനോൻ]] (മുൻ വിദേശ കാര്യ സെക്രട്ടറി), [[റിസർച്ച് ആന്റ് അനാലിസിസ് വിങ്ങ്|"റോ"(RAW)]] യുടെ മുൻ മേധാവിയും 1982 ദൽഹി ഏഷ്യാഡ് സംഘാടകസമിതിയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുകയും ചെയ്ത കെ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ<ref>http://premkumarrao.wordpress.com/2013/01/25/inside-ib-and-raw-by-k-sankaran-nair/</ref>, ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മൂന്നാമത്തെ ദേശീയ സുരക്ഷാ ഉപദേഷ്ടാവായിരുന്ന എം.കെ.നാരായണൻ, തുടങ്ങിയ ഭരണതന്ത്രജ്ഞരുടെ നാടാണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. ‍കേരളീയ ക്ഷേത്ര കലയായ തോൽപ്പാവ കൂത്തിൻ്റെ പുരാതന കേന്ദ്രം കൂടിയാണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. പാലപ്പുറം ആസ്ഥാന മായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന തോൽപ്പാവ സംഘത്തിനു നുറ്റാണ്ടു കളുടെ ചരിത്രമുണ്ട്. ഗുരു കൃഷ്ണ പ്പുലവർ, ഗുരു രാമസ്വാമി പുലവർ ഗുരു അണ്ണാമല പുലവർ എന്നിവർ എക്കാലത്തെയും പ്രശസ്ത തോൽപ്പാവകൂത്തു കലാകാരന്മാരാണ്. സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യ സമരത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ത്യാഗം അനുഭവിച്ച സുന്ദരയ്യരുടെ നാടു കൂടിയാണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. ഈയിടെയായി [[മലയാളം]], തമിഴ് മുഖ്യധാരാ സിനിമകളുടെ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട ലൊക്കേഷൻ കൂടിയായി മാറിയിട്ടുണ്ട് ഒറ്റപ്പാലവും പരിസര പ്രദേശങ്ങളും. പ്രശസ്ത കർണ്ണാടക സംഗീതജ്ഞനായിരുന്ന [[ചെമ്പൈ വൈദ്യനാഥഭാഗവതർ]] ഇവിടെയുള്ള ശ്രീകൃഷ്ണ ക്ഷേത്രത്തിലെ മണ്ഡപത്തിൽ വെച്ചാണ് ദിവംഗതനായത്. അടുത്ത കാലത്ത് ആ ക്ഷേത്രമിരിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥലത്തെ ചെമ്പൈനഗർ എന്നു പുനർ‌നാമകരണം ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. == ജനസംഖ്യ == 2001ലെ [[സെൻസസ്]] പ്രകാരം 49,230 ആണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തിന്റെ ജനസംഖ്യ. മൊത്തം ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 53% സ്ത്രീകളും ബാക്കി പുരുഷന്മാരുമാണ്. ശരാശരി സാക്ഷരതാ നിരക്ക് 81% ആണ്. ദേശീയ ശരാശരിയായ 53%ത്തേക്കാൾ ഉയരത്തിലാണിത്. ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തെ 82% പുരുഷന്മാരും 79% സ്ത്രീകളും സാക്ഷരരാണ്. മൊത്തം ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 12% പേർ 6 വയസ്സിൽ താഴെയുള്ളവരാണ്. ===അതിരുകൾ=== *കിഴക്ക് - [[ലക്കിടിപേരൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|ലക്കിടി-പേരൂർ]] പഞ്ചായത്ത് *പടിഞ്ഞാറ്- [[വാണിയംകുളം]] പഞ്ചായത്ത് *വടക്കുകിഴക്ക് - [[അമ്പലപ്പാറ]] പഞ്ചായത്ത് *വടക്ക് - [[അനങ്ങൻ മല|അനങ്ങൻ]] മലനിരയും അതിന്റെ താഴ്വരയിൽ [[അനങ്ങനടി]] ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തും *തെക്ക്‌ - [[ഭാരതപ്പുഴ]], ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ ഡിഫെൻസ് പാർക്ക്‌ ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തിനടുത്തുള്ള കിൻഫ്ര ഇന്റഗ്രേറ്റഡ് ഇൻഡസ്ട്രിയൽ പാർക്കിൽ പൂർത്തിയായിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. (21/2/2019) == വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ == ഒറ്റപ്പാലം വർഷങ്ങളായി നിലനിന്നു പോരുന്ന വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ട് അനുഗൃഹീതമാണ്. ഒറ്റപ്പാലം ഒരു വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ജില്ലാതലസ്ഥാനവുമാണ്. നൂറുവയസ്സു പിന്നിട്ട എൻ.എസ്. എസ്. കെ.പി.ടി സ്കൂൾ, 1961-ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ എൻ. എസ്. എസ് കോളേജ്, കേന്ദ്രീയ വിദ്യാലയം, എൽ. എസ്. എൻ. കോൺ‌വെന്റ്, എൻ.എസ്. എസ് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ കോളേജ്, G.H.S.S ഈസ്റ്റ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം, സെവൻ‌ത് ഡേ അഡ്വന്റിസ്റ്റ് സ്കൂൾ,വേങ്ങശ്ശേരി എൻ.എസ്.എസ്. ഹൈ സ്കൂൾ , വേങ്ങശ്ശേരി വി.കെ.എം.യു.പി.സ്കൂൾ , എന്നിവയാണ് പ്രധാന വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ. == ആശുപത്രികൾ == ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തെ പ്രധാന ആശുപത്രികൾ താഴെപ്പറയുന്നു: * ഗവൺ‌മെന്റ് ആശുപത്രി, ടി.ബി റോഡ്, ഒറ്റപ്പാലം * അശ്വിനി ആശുപത്രി, മെയിൻ റോഡ്, ഒറ്റപ്പാലം * വള്ളുവനാട് ആശുപത്രിയും നഴ്സിങ്ങ് വിദ്യാലയവും, കണ്ണിയമ്പുറം, ഒറ്റപ്പാലം * സെമാൽക്ക് ആശുപത്രി, സി.എസ്.എൻ ഓഡിറ്റോറിയത്തിനു സമീപം, ഒറ്റപ്പാലം, * സെവൻ‌ത് ഡേ അഡ്വന്റിസ്റ്റ് ആശുപത്രി, കണ്ണിയാമ്പുറം, ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. * പി കെ ദാസ് Institute of മെഡിക്കൽ സയൻസ്, വാണിയംകുളം == യാത്രാ സൗകര്യങ്ങൾ == [[File:Otp bus stand1.jpg|thumb|right|ഒറ്റപ്പാലം ബസ് സ്റ്റാന്റ്]] ഒറ്റപ്പാലം റെയിൽ, റോഡ് മാർഗ്ഗം മറ്റു പ്രധാന സ്ഥലങ്ങളുമായിൽ ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. === റെയിൽ മാർഗം === ഭാരതീയ റെയിൽ ശൃംഖലയിലെ പാലക്കാട് ഡിവിഷന്റെ കീഴിലുള്ള ഒരു പ്രധാ‍ന സ്റ്റേഷനാണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. കേരളത്തിലേക്കു കടക്കുമ്പോൾ പാലക്കാടിനു ശേഷമുള്ള പ്രധാന റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷനാണ് ഒറ്റപ്പാലം. [[മംഗലാപുരം]]/[[കൊങ്കൺ പാ‍ത|കൊങ്കൺ പാ‍തയിൽ]] [[ഷൊർണ്ണൂർ|ഷൊർണൂരും]] ആലപ്പുഴ/കന്യാകുമാരി പാതയിൽ [[വടക്കാഞ്ചേരി|വടക്കാഞ്ചേരിയുമാണ്]] ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തിനു ശേഷമുള്ള പ്രധാന സ്റ്റേഷനുകൾ. === റോഡ് മാർഗം === ഒറ്റപ്പാലം പട്ടണം പാലക്കാട്-പട്ടാമ്പി പാതയിൽ പാലക്കാട് നിന്നും 34 കി.മീ അകലെയായി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഇവിടെ നിന്ന് [[തൃശ്ശൂർ]], [[പാലക്കാട്]], [[ചെർപ്പുളശ്ശേരി]], [[പെരിന്തൽമണ്ണ]], [[ഷൊർണ്ണൂർ]], [[തിരുവില്വാമല]] എന്നീ പ്രധാന പട്ടണങ്ങളിലേക്കെല്ലാം ബസ് മാർഗ്ഗം എളുപ്പത്തിൽ എത്താവുന്നതാണ്. [[കെ.എസ്.ആർ.ടി.സി.]], പ്രൈവറ്റ് ബസ്സുകൾ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം ബസ് സ്റ്റാൻഡിൽ നിന്നും സർവീസ് നടത്തുന്നു.[[പാലക്കാട്‌]] നിന്ന് [[പട്ടാമ്പി]]യിലേക്ക്‌ സദാസമയവും ബസ്‌ സർവ്വീസ്‌ നടത്തുനുണ്ട്‌ ഇത്‌ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം വഴി കടന്ന് പോകുന്നു. == പ്രധാന ആരാധനാലയങ്ങൾ == ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തെ പ്രധാന ആരാധനാലയങ്ങൾ താഴെ പറയുന്നു. * [[ചിനക്കത്തൂർകാവ് ഭഗവതിക്ഷേത്രം]] * [[നീലികാവ് ഭഗവതിക്ഷേത്രം]] * പാർത്ഥസാരഥി ക്ഷേത്രം * കളരിക്കൽ ക്ഷേത്രം * ഒറ്റപ്പാലം ജുമാ മസ്ജിദ് * [[വേങ്ങശ്ശേരി പുതുക്കുളങ്ങര ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം]] * [[വേങ്ങശ്ശേരി വയങ്കാവിൽ ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം]] * [[വേങ്ങശ്ശേരി തിമലയിൽ ശിവ ക്ഷേത്രം]] * മുളഞ്ഞൂർ ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * മണ്ണൂർ കൈമകുന്നത്ത് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * കിഴൂർ കാളിക്കാവ് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * അമ്പലപ്പാറ മുതലപ്പാറക്കാവ് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * പരിയാനമ്പറ്റ ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * കടമ്പൂർ ശ്രീ പനയൂർക്കാവ് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * [[വേങ്ങേരി ശിവ-വിഷ്ണുക്ഷേത്രം]] * അമ്പലപ്പാറ അറവക്കാട്ടപ്പൻ ശിവക്ഷേത്രം * കോതകുർശ്ശി ശ്രീ ചേറമ്പറ്റ ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * മാത്തൂർ മന ഗണപതി ക്ഷേത്രം * അമ്പലപ്പാറ ചെറുമുണ്ടശ്ശേരി പാലേക്കാവിൽ അയ്യപ്പക്ഷേത്രം * പൂക്കോട്ടുകാളികാവ് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * [[പൂഴിക്കുന്ന് ശ്രീകൃഷ്ണസ്വാമിക്ഷേത്രം]] * വരോട് ചുനങ്ങാട് ചാത്തൻകണ്ടാർക്കവ് ഭഗവതിക്ഷേത്രം * ഉസ്മാൻ ഔലിയാ മഖാം * കണ്ണിയംപുറം കിളളിക്കുളങ്ങര ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം * [[പനമണ്ണ ശങ്കരനാരായണസ്വാമിക്ഷേത്രം]] * കൊട്ടേക്കാവ് ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം,ചുനങ്ങാട് * ശ്രീ പെരുങ്കുറുശ്ശി ശിവ ക്ഷേത്രം, മനയ്ക്കൽ പടി,ചുനങ്ങാട് *സെന്റ് ഗ്രിഗോറിയോസ് ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് ചർച്ച് *അകലൂർ ഭഗവതി ക്ഷേത്രം *അകലൂർ കുറിശ്ശി ശിവക്ഷേത്രം *പഴയ ലക്കിടി കാട്ടിലെ തങ്ങൾ മഖാം == അവലംബം == <references/> == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{commons category|Ottapalam}} * [http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf റെയില് ഡിവിഷനുകൾ. സതേൺ റെയിൽ‌വേ ഡിവിഷൻ കാണുക] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |date=2015-03-19 }} * [http://ottapalam.net/ ഒറ്റപ്പാലം.നെറ്റ്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930062440/http://ottapalam.net/ |date=2007-09-30 }} * [http://www.kathakalisadanam.com/history.htm സേവാസദനം കഥകളി സദനം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816031105/http://www.kathakalisadanam.com/history.htm |date=2007-08-16 }} * [http://www.adventistdirectory.org/view_Entity.asp?EntityID=13259 അഡ്വന്റിസ്റ്റ് ആശുപത്രികളുടെ ഡയറക്ടറിയിൽ ഒറ്റപ്പാലത്തെ ആശുപത്രിയുടെ വിലാസം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808083414/http://www.adventistdirectory.org/View_Entity.asp?EntityID=13259 |date=2007-08-08 }} * [http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm കേരളത്തിലെ കോളേജുകൾ, നമ്പ്ര് 133 കാണുക] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009104441/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm |date=2007-10-09 }} * [http://www.nssce.org/AboutCollege.aspx എൻ. എസ്. എസ് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ കോളേജ്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929072110/http://www.nssce.org/AboutCollege.aspx |date=2007-09-29 }} * [http://www.nssotpalchem.com/ എൻ എസ് എസ് കോളേ കെമിസ്ട്രി അലുംനി] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025852/http://www.nssotpalchem.com/ |date=2007-09-28 }} * [http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?resultpage=2&st=Kerala യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ഗ്രാന്റ്സ് കമ്മീഷൻ അംഗീകരിച്ച കേരളത്തിലെ കോളേജുകൾ] * [http://www.kvotp.com/ കേന്ദ്രീയ വിദ്യാലയും] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424060118/http://kvotp.com/ |date=2008-04-24 }} * [[ചേറ്റൂർ ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]][http://aicc.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723132855/http://aicc.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=11 |date=2012-07-23 }} {{പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല}} {{Palakkad-geo-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലയിലെ പട്ടണങ്ങൾ]] bstuqq8eswoy2uo0w2qnuif7ilob8jm 0 9578 4644285 4618294 2026-07-08T02:28:39Z Malikaveedu 16584 /* അഭിനയത്തിനപ്പുറം */ 4644285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Madhu (actor)}} {{ToDisambig|വാക്ക്=മധു}}{{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = മധു | image = Madhu 2008.jpg | caption = 2008 ലെ അമ്മയുടെ ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ | othername = | birth_name = മാധവൻ നായർ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1933|09|23}}<ref>{{cite news|title=J.C. Daniel Award for Madhu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125405/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2016|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 April 2005}}</ref> | birth_place = ഗൗരീശപട്ടം, തിരുവനന്തപുരം,<ref>{{cite news|title=Madhu makes Kerala proud|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/madhu-makes-kerala-proud/article4346115.ece|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 January 2013}}</ref> [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജ്യം]], [[British Raj|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യ]]<br>(present day [[Thiruvananthapuram district|തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[കേരള]], ഇന്ത്യ) | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mahatma Gandhi College|മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി കോളജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[Banaras Hindu University|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി, വാരണാസി]]|[[National School of Drama|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ, ന്യൂഡൽഹി]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ|സംവിധായകൻ|നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | yearsactive = 1963 – ഇതുവരെ | spouse = {{Marriage|ജയലക്ഷ്മി||2014|reason=died}} | children = 1 (ഡോ. ഉമ) | parents = | awards = [[ജെ സി ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ്]] (2004)<br />[[പത്മശ്രീ]] (2013) <ref>{{cite news|title=Winners of Padma awards function 2013 - 2 Padma Vibhushan, 10 Padma Bhushan and 42 Padma Shree awards presented|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=5 April 2013|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925172452/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> | website = {{URL|www.madhutheactor.com}} }} [[പ്രമാണം:Mohanlal and Madhu.jpg|thumb|2008 ലെ [[അമ്മ (താരസംഘടന)|അമ്മയുടെ]] ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ [[മോഹൻലാൽ|മോഹൻലാലിനൊപ്പം]] ]][[മലയാള സിനിമ|മലയാളചലച്ചിത്ര ലോകത്തെ]] പ്രമുഖ അഭിനേതാക്കളിൽ ഒരാളാണ് '''മധു''' (ജനനം: [[സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23]], [[1933]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-09-24 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926044723/http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |url-status=dead }}</ref>). സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമാതാവ്, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ (ഉമ സിനിമ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ) ഉടമസ്ഥൻ എന്നീ നിലകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം പ്രശസ്തി നേടി. [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] മേയറായിരുന്ന പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ളയുടെയും തങ്കമ്മയുടേയും മൂത്തപുത്രനായി ജനിച്ചു. യഥാർത്ഥ പേര്‌ '''മാധവൻ നായർ'''. മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ ശൈശവം മുതൽ ഒപ്പമുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഈ നടൻ ഇപ്പോഴും അഭിനയ രംഗത്ത് സജീവമാണ്. 1960 കളിലും 1970 കളിലും 1980 കളിലും ഒരു പ്രമുഖ നായക നടനായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 400 ലധികം സിനിമകളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 12 സിനിമകൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യുകയും 15 സിനിമകൾ നിർമ്മിക്കുകയും ഒരു കാലത്ത് ഉമ ഫിലിം സ്റ്റുഡിയോയുടെ ഉടമയുമായിരുന്നു. മലയാള സിനിമകൾക്ക് നൽകിയ സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2004-ൽ കേരള സർക്കാർ ജെ.സി.ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ് നൽകി അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചു.കലാരംഗത്തെ സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2013ൽ ഇന്ത്യാ ഗവൺമെന്റ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ പത്മശ്രീ നൽകി ആദരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഇപ്റ്റ (ഇന്ത്യൻ പീപ്പിൾസ് തിയറ്റർ അസോസിയേഷൻ) സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റായും സാംസ്ക്കാരിക രംഗത്ത് നിറഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ സിനിമയായ ''മിനി'', 1995-ലെ 43-ാമത് ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡിൽ കുടുംബക്ഷേമം പ്രമേയമായ മികച്ച ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള ഇന്ദിരാഗാന്ധി ദേശീയ അവാർഡ് കരസ്ഥമാക്കി. [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരത്തിലെ]] (1972) അഭിനയത്തിന് മലയാളത്തിലെ മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡിന്റെ ആദ്യ ജേതാവായ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഇത് കൂടാതെ മൂന്ന് ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡുകളും അഞ്ച് കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡുകളും ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മധു അഭിനയിച്ച [[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] എന്ന സിനിമ 1965-ൽ അഖിലേന്ത്യാതലത്തിൽ മികച്ച ഫീച്ചർ ഫിലിമിനുള്ള രാഷ്ട്രപതിയുടെ സ്വർണ്ണ മെഡൽ നേടിക്കൊണ്ട് ഈ ടൈറ്റിൽ നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ മലയാള ചിത്രമായി മാറി. == സ്വകാര്യ ജീവിതം == പഴയ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ നാട്ടുരാജ്യത്തെ ഗൗരീശപട്ടം എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് 1933 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23 നാണ് മാധവൻ നായർ ജനിച്ചത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് ആർ. പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള (പത്മനാഭപുരം, തക്കലെ സ്വദേശി) തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ മുൻ മേയറും മാതാവ്  തങ്കമ്മ ഒരു വീട്ടമ്മയായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് നാല് സഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. കുന്നുകുഴി എൽ.പി സ്‌കൂളിൽ നാലാം ക്ലാസ് വരെയും, അഞ്ചാം ക്ലാസ് (പ്രിപ്പറേറ്ററി) എസ്.എം.വി സ്‌കൂളിലും, ഫസ്റ്റ് ഫോറം മുതൽ മൂന്നാം ഫോറം വരെ പേട്ട മിഡിൽ സ്‌കൂളിലും, നാലാം ഫോറം  മുതൽ ആറാം ഫോറം വരെ (എസ്‌എസ്‌എൽസി) സെന്റ് ജോസഫ്‌സ് ഹൈസ്‌കൂളിലും പഠിച്ചു. മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് പ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ബിരുദവും യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദവും നേടി. പിന്നീട് ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽ (BHU) ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. ജയലക്ഷ്മിയെ (മരണം, 2014-ൽ) വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അവർക്ക് ഒരു ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പശ്ചാത്തലം == വിദ്യാർത്ഥിയായിരിക്കെ നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമായി. പിന്നീട്‌ കലാപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ അവധി നൽകി പഠനത്തിൽ ശ്രദ്ധകേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ചു. [[ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാല|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽനിന്ന്]] ബിരുദവും തുടർന്ന് ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. 1957 മുതൽ 1959 വരെയുള്ള കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ [[നാഗർകോവിൽ|നാഗർകോവിലിലെ]] ST ഹിന്ദു കോളേജിലും [[സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ കോളേജ്|സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ]] കോളേജിലും ഹിന്ദി അദ്ധ്യാപകൻ ആയി സേവനം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPZzYIAsAWc&t=217s</ref> അപ്പോഴും മാധവൻ നായരുടെ മനസ്സിലെ അഭിനയമോഹം കെട്ടടങ്ങിയിരുന്നില്ല. ഒരിക്കൽ [[നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ(എൻ.എസ്.ഡി)|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ]] പരസ്യം പത്രത്തിൽ കണ്ട അദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടും കൽപ്പിച്ച്‌ അദ്ധ്യാപക ജോലി രാജിവച്ച്‌ [[ഡൽഹി|ഡൽഹിക്ക്]] വണ്ടികയറി. 1959 ൽ നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ ആദ്യ ബാച്ചിലേയ്ക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട ഏക മലയാളിയുമാണ് മധു.<ref>മാത്റ്ഭൂമി വാർഷിക പതിപ്പ് 2013 പേജ്178</ref> എൻ.എസ്‌.ഡിയിൽ പഠിക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ്‌ [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്|രാമു കാര്യാട്ടുമായി]] അടുപ്പത്തിലായത്‌. പഠനം പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയ ശേഷം നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമാകാനായിരുന്നു ഉദ്ദേശ്യം. പക്ഷേ നിയോഗം മറ്റൊന്നായിരുന്നു. == സിനിമയിൽ == മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രരംഗത്തേക്ക് മധു കടന്ന് വന്നത് 1962 -ൽ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjdr4x7tUAs</ref> ആദ്യ മലയാളചിത്രം രാമു കാര്യാട്ടിന്റെ [[മൂടുപടം]] ആയിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ആദ്യം പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ചിത്രം [[ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻനായർ|ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]നിർമിച്ച്‌ [[എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി(സിനിമ)|എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി]] സംവിധാനംചെയ്ത [[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ]] ആണ്‌. ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ [[പ്രേംനസീർ|പ്രേം നസീറിന്റെ]] നായകകഥാപാത്രത്തെ വെല്ലുന്ന പ്രകടനത്തിലൂടെ മധു പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ ശ്രദ്ധ പിടിച്ചുപറ്റി. നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ സത്യനു വേണ്ടി മാറ്റി വെച്ച വേഷമായിരുന്നു ഇത്‌. [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ]] ആണ് മാധവൻ നായരെ മധു ആക്കി മാറ്റിയത്. 1969ൽ [[ക്വാജ അഹ്മദ് അബ്ബാസ്]] ഒരുക്കിയ [[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ഹിന്ദിയിൽ തൻ്റെ അഭിനയമികവ് കാഴ്ചവെച്ചു. പിന്നീട് ബോവുഡിലെ എക്കാലത്തെയും പ്രശസ്ത നടനായി മാറിയ അമിതാഭ് ബച്ചന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ ചിത്രം കൂടിയാണ് എന്ന പ്രത്യേകത ഈ സിനിമയ്ക്ക് ഉണ്ട്. പ്രേംനസീറും സത്യനും നിറഞ്ഞു നിൽക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ് സിനിമയിൽ രംഗപ്രവേശം നടത്തിയതെങ്കിലും അധികം വൈകാതെ സ്വതസ്സിദ്ധമായ അഭിനയശൈലിയിലൂടെ സ്വന്തമായ ഒരു ഇടം നേടിയെടുക്കാൻ മധുവിനായി. ക്ഷുഭിത യൗവനവും പ്രണയാതുരനായ കാമുകനുമൊക്കെയായി അദ്ദേഹം പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനം കവർന്നു. == ചെമ്മീൻ എന്ന വഴിത്തിരിവ്‌ == <!-- [[ചിത്രം:Chemmeen.jpg‎|right|thumb|200px|ചെമ്മീൻ]] --> മലയാള സിനിമാചരിത്രത്തിലെ നാഴികക്കല്ലെന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന [[ചെമ്മീൻ (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീനാണ്]] മധുവിന്റെ അഭിനയ ജീവിതത്തിലും വഴിത്തിരിവുണ്ടാക്കിയത്‌. '''കറുത്തമ്മയെ''' കുടിയിരുത്തിയ പ്രണയതരളമായ മനസ്സുമായി ജീവിച്ച പരീക്കുട്ടി മലയാളികളുടെ ഹൃദയത്തിലേക്കാണ്‌ നടന്നു കയറിയത്‌. [[മന്നാഡേ]] ആലപിച്ച ''മാനസമൈനേ വരൂ....'' എന്ന ഗാനം മധുവാണ്‌ പാടിയതെന്നുവരെ ഒരുകാലത്ത് ജനം വിശ്വസിച്ചു''.'' പതിറ്റാണ്ടുകൾക്കു ശേഷവും മധുവിനെ കാണുമ്പോൾ ചെമ്മീനിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളും ഗാനങ്ങളുമാണ്‌ പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനസ്സിൽ ഓടിയെത്തുന്നത്‌. മിമിക്രി താരങ്ങൾ ഈ നടനെ അനുകരിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതും ഇതേ ചിത്രത്തിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളാണ്. പിന്നീട് ഒട്ടേറെ ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ നായക വേഷത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം തിളങ്ങി. [[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം|ഭാർഗവീ നിലയം]], [[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]], [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]], [[ഓളവും തീരവും]], [[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേഥം]], [[തുലാഭാരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തുലാഭാരം]], [[ആഭിജാത്യം]], [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരം]], [[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]], [[തീക്കനൽ]], യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം, നീതിപീഠം, ഇതാ ഇവിടെവരെ തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളിലൂടെ മധു മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ അവിഭാജ്യ ഘടകമായി മാറി. കാലം മാറുന്നതിനൊപ്പം ചെയ്യുന്ന വേഷങ്ങളും മാറാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു മടിയില്ലായിരുന്നു. മുഖ്യധാരാ-സിനിമയിലും സമാന്തര-സിനിമയിലും ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പരകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം സാന്നിദ്ധ്യമറിയിച്ചു. അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ മധു എന്ന നായകനടനെ മനസ്സിൽ കുടിയിരുത്തിയ ആരാധകർ, കുടുംബനാഥനായും മുത്തച്ഛനായും അദ്ദേഹം തിരശ്ശീലയിൽ എത്തിയപ്പോൾ ഇരുകൈകളും നീട്ടി സ്വീകരിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. == അഭിനയത്തിനപ്പുറം == ക്യാമറയ്ക്കു മുന്നിൽ മാത്രം ഒതുങ്ങി നിൽക്കുന്നതായിരുന്നില്ല മധുവിന്റെ ജീവിതം. താരജാഡ തൊട്ടു തീണ്ടാത്ത സ്നേഹബന്ധങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ഉടമയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമ്മാതാവ്‌, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഉടമ, സ്കൂൾ ഉടമ, കർഷകൻ തുടങ്ങിയ റോളുകളിലും തിളങ്ങി. മലയാള സിനിമയെ ചെന്നൈയിൽ നിന്നും കേരളത്തിലേക്ക്‌ പറിച്ചു നടുന്ന കാലഘട്ടത്തിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം‌ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത്‌ വള്ളക്കടവിൽ [[ഉമാ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ]] സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്‌. മറ്റു പല സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾക്കും ഈ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഒരനുഗ്രഹമായി. [[1970|1970ൽ]] പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ [[പ്രിയ(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രിയ]] ആയിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യമായി സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രം. സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്, സതി, നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ, [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], അക്കൽദാമ, കാമ ക്രോധം മോഹം, തീക്കനൽ, ധീര സമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ, ആരാധന, ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ, ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ് എന്നിവയും അദ്ദേഹം സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്.<ref name="test1">[https://m3db.com/madhu/ m3db] മധു</ref> സതി, ആക്കൽദാമ, തീക്കനൽ എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ സൂപ്പർ ഹിറ്റുകളായിരുന്നു. [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], [[സംരംഭം(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്‌ അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ചവ. അദ്ദേഹം തന്നെ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത [[പ്രിയ]], [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] എന്നിവ മികച്ച രണ്ടാമത്തെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡ്‌ നേടിയിരുന്നു. ''ഓമലാളെ കണ്ടൂ ഞാൻ പൂങ്കിനാവിൽ ..... എന്ന'' പ്രശസ്തമായ ഗാനം '''സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്''' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലേതാണ്''.'' == കുടുംബം == പരേതയായ ജയലക്ഷ്മിയാണ് മധുവിന്റെ ഭാര്യ. ഇവർക്ക് ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == * 1980 സംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാരിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക പുരസ്കാരം * 1995 മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള(നിർമാതാവ്‌) അവാർഡ്‌ (മിനി എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന്‌) * 2004 സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനക്കുള്ള ജെ. സി ഡാനിയൽ അവാർഡ്‌ * 2013 പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129060133/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == മധു -ചലച്ചിത്രസംഭാവനകൾ == ====മലയാളം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീതം ഇൻഫൊ|accessdate=2023-10-16|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>==== {|class="wikitable sortable" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! വർഷം !! ചലച്ചിത്രം !! വേഷം !! നിർമ്മാണം!! സംവിധാനം |- |2022|| [[റൺ കല്യാണി]]|| അച്ഛൻ|| || ഗീത ജെ ജയൻ |- |2022||പി.കെ റോസി|| || ഡി ഗോപകുമാർ||ശശി നാടുക്കാട് |- |2021||നീരവം|| ||നസീർ വെളിയിൽ ,സന്തോഷ് തലമുകിൽ || അജയ് ശിവറാം |- |2021||വൺ|| പ്രൊ.വാസുദേവപ്പണിക്കർ||ആർ ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മി ||സന്തോഷ്‌ വിശ്വനാഥൻ |- |2019||മാജിക് മൊമൻറ്സ്|| || || |- |2019 |[[ചിൽഡ്രൻസ് പാർക്ക്]]|| ||രൂപേഷ് ഓമന||ഷാഫി |- |2019 |[[വിശുദ്ധ പുസ്തകം]]|| || രാജേഷ്‌ കളീക്കൽ || ഷാബു ഉസ്മാൻ |- |2019 |[[ഒരു യമണ്ടൻ പ്രേമകഥ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || || |- |2019 |[[വള്ളിക്കെട്ട്]]|| ||സന്തോഷ് നായർ ||ജിബിൻ എടവനക്കാട് |- |2018 |[[വേലക്കാരി ആയി ഇരുന്താലും നീ എൻ മോഹവല്ലി]]|| || ||ഗോവിന്ദ് വരാഹ |- |2018||സ്ഥാനം|| അലക്സാണ്ടർ|| ഔവർ രാജൻ നായർ|| പ്രൊഫ ശിവപ്രസാദ് |- |2018||കണ്ണാടി|| || ||ജി ചന്ദ്രചൂഡൻ |- |2018 |മൈ സ്കൂൾ|| ||പി ജഗദീഷ് കുമാർ || പപ്പൻ പയറ്റുവിള |- |2018 |ഡസ്റ്റ് ബിൻ|| ||മോഹൻദാസ്‌,രേഖ ശ്രീകുമാർ || മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |നെക്സ്റ്റ് ടോക്കൺ നമ്പർ|| || || |- |2017 |വളപ്പൊട്ടുകൾ||വലിയ ഉസ്താദ് || കെ എം പ്രകാശ്,ആർ സി ഡോൺ,അപ്പു ആലിമുക്ക്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |[[ബഷീറിന്റെ പ്രേമലേഖനം]]|| || ||അനീഷ് അൻ വർ |- |2017 |ഏലിയാമ്മച്ചിയുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ ക്രിസ്തുമസ്|| || ||ബന്നി ആശംസ |- |2017 |വേദം|| ||സാംസൺ വിശ്വനാഥ് || പ്രസാദ് യാദവ് |- |2017 |സ്വയം||ശങ്കരൻ വൈദ്യർ ||വിനോദ് ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || ആർ ശരത് |- |2016 |[[സെലിബ്രേഷൻസ്]]|| || ഷേർളി കുര്യൻ ||മഞ്ജിത് ദിവാകർ |- |2015 |ഞാൻ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യും|| ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |2015 || [[ആശംസകളോടെ അന്ന]]||ആഭ്യന്തരമന്ത്രി പുന്നക്കാടൻ ||ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ജെ ഫോൻസെക || സംഗീത് ലൂയിസ് |- |2015 || [[കുക്കിലിയാർ]]|| പ്രൊ.ഭാസ്ക്രരൻ||പ്രേംജി || നേമം പുഷ്പരാജ് |- |2015 || [[സിനിമ @പി.ഡബ്ലിയു ഡി ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസ്]]|| ||അശോക് കുമാർ || വി വി സന്തോഷ് |- |2015||[[കിഡ്നി ബിരിയാണി]]|| || റിയാസ് പാടിവട്ടം,ഇ എ ബഷീർ,അജിത് ബിനോയ്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2015||[[സാമ്രാജ്യം II: സൺ ഓഫ് അലക്സാണ്ടർ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || അജ്മൽ ഹസ്സൻ,ബൈജു ആദിത്യൻ|| പേരരശ് |- |2015 || [[അമ്മയ്ക്കൊരു താരാട്ട്]] || കവി ജോസഫ് പുഷ്പവനം ||റോയ് ജോൺ മാത്യു|| ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി |- |2015 || [[തിലോത്തമ]]|| || ഗോകുലം ഗോപാലൻ|| പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2015 || [[ഉത്തര ചെമ്മീൻ]]|| || ഹരിദാസ് ഹൈദ്രബാദ്,അൻ‌വിത ഹരി|| ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[ഡോൾഫിൻസ്]]|| അച്ചൻ കുട്ടിച്ചൻ|| അരുൺകുമാർ,സുദീപ് കാരാട്ട്|| ദീപൻ |- |2014 || [[ജോൺപോൾ വാതിൽ തുറക്കുന്നു]]||കോര ||അർജ്ജുൻ മോഹൻ || ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |2014 || [[സ്നേഹമുള്ളോരാൾ കൂടെയുള്ളപ്പോൾ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || അനിൽ കൊച്ചിടക്കാട്ട് || റിജു നായർ |- |2014 || [[എട്ടേക്കാൽ സെക്കന്റ്]]|| മേനോൻ|| സന്തോഷ് ബാബുസേനൻ|| കനകരാഘവൻ |- |2014 || [[രക്തരക്ഷസ്സ് 3ഡി]]|| ||ത്രീ ഡി റീംസ് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ || ആർ ഫാക്ടർ |- |2014 || [[ലിറ്റിൽ സൂപ്പർമാൻ]]||അച്ഛൻ || വിനയൻ ,വി എൻ ബാബു|| വിനയൻ |- |2014 || [[പറയാൻ ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്]]|| || അബ്ബാസ് മലയിൽ || കരീം |- |2014 || [[നെലുമ്പൂ]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ഇനിയും എത്രദൂരം]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ദൈവത്തിന്റെ കയ്യൊപ്പ്]]|| ||പ്രഭാകരൻ നറുകര || ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[മൈലാഞ്ചിമൊഞ്ചുള്ള വീട്]]||സോയാ സാഹിബ് ||ഹനീഫ് മുഹമ്മദ്‌ || ബെന്നി തോമസ്‌ |- |2013 || [[72 മോഡൽ]] || കുട്ടൻപിള്ള||ജെ ശരത്ചന്ദ്രൻ നായർ || [[രാജസേനൻ]] |- |2013 || [[മഹാത്മ അയ്യങ്കാളി]] ||ഊട്ടത്ത് പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള || പരമൻ,ഷബീർ ||സൂര്യദേവ |- |2013 || [[മാണിക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടിയും ക്രിസ്തുമസ് കാരോളും]] ||പത്രോസ് || സച്ചിൻ ശ്രീധർ || ടി എം റാഫി,ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2013 || [[ഗീതാഞ്ജലി (2013 മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗീതാഞ്ജലി]] ||ബേബിച്ചൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[പ്രിയദർശൻ]] |- |2013 || [[പ്രതീക്ഷയോടെ]] || ||ശോഭന ജോർജ്ജ് ||സ്നോബ |- |2013 || [[അനാവൃതയായ കാപാലിക]] || ||മധുസൂദനൻ മാവേലിക്കര ||പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2013 || [[വൈറ്റ്‌ പേപ്പർ]] ||മനോരോഗജ്ഞൻ ||ജോൺസൺ ജോസഫ് ||[[രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ മംഗലത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[മഴവില്ലിനറ്റം വരെ]] || || എ മുകുന്ദൻ|| [[കൈതപ്രം ദാമോദരൻ|കൈതപ്രം]] |- |2012 || [[സ്പിരിറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്പിരിറ്റ്]] ||ക്യാപ്റ്റൻ നമ്പ്യാർ ||[[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]] || [[രഞ്ജിത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[പ്രഭുവിന്റെ മക്കൾ]] || ||സന്തോഷ് ബാലൻ,സിന്ധു ||സജീവൻ അന്തിക്കാട് |- |2011 || [[ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15]] ||ഡോ.ജോൺ || [[എം. മണി]]|| [[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |2011 || [[ഉമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മ]] || ||കെ കെ സുരേഷ് ചന്ദ്രൻ || വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2011 || [[നായിക]]|| || തോമസ് ബെഞ്ചമിൻ|| [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |2011 || [[ലക്കി ജോക്കേഴ്സ്]]||വലിയതമ്പുരാൻ ||ഡി രമേഷ് ബാബു || സുനിൽ |- |2010 || [[ചിത്രക്കുഴൽ]] ||ചാരുവിന്റെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||ധിരുഭായ് ചൌഹാൻ ||മജീദ് ഗുലിസ്ഥാൻ |- |2010 || [[സഹസ്രം]] ||മന്ത്രി ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ || സുരേന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള||ഡോ എസ് ജനാർദ്ദനൻ |- |2010 || [[കാര്യസ്ഥൻ]] ||കിഴക്കേടത്ത് കൃഷ്ണവാരിയർ ||നീത ആന്റോ ||തോംസൺ |- |2010 || [[പത്താം അദ്ധ്യായം]]|| ആനന്ദവർമ്മ|| എ കെ ഷെയ്ക് നാസർ || പി കെ രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2009 || [[പെരുമാൾ]]||മത്തായി ||തിരുനക്കര ഫിലിംസ് ||പ്രസാദ് വാളച്ചേരി |- |2009 || [[പാസഞ്ചർ ]]||ടി.വി ചാനൽ ചെയർമാൻ || എസ്‌ സി പിള്ള||രഞ്ജിത്ത് ശങ്കർ |- |2008 || റോബോ ||മാധവൻ || ||ഡോ.ആർ പ്രസന്നകുമാർ |- |2008 || [[ബ്രഹ്മാസ്ത്രം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബ്രഹ്‌മാസ്‌ത്രം]]||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി ||വി സോമനാഥൻ,അമ്പിളി നെടുംകുന്നം ||വി സോമനാഥൻ |- |2008 || [[മാടമ്പി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാടമ്പി]]||ജഡ്ജി ||ബി സി ജോഷി ||[[ബി. ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |2008 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||തങ്ങൾ || ചാനൽ എന്റർപ്രൈസസ്||എം എ നിഷാദ്‌ |- |2008 ||[[കനൽക്കണ്ണാടി ]] ||സിദ്ധാർത്ഥമേനോൻ ||മധു കല്ലയം || എ കെ ജയൻ പൊതുവാൾ |- |2008 || [[ട്വന്റി20 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|റ്റ്വന്റി:20]] || വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ|| അനൂപ്|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2007 || [[പന്തയക്കോഴി]]||അബ്ദു റാവുത്തർ || [[ലാൽ]]|| [[എം എ വേണു]] |- |2007||[[ഹലോ]] ||ബഡാ ഭായ് || ജോയ് തോമസ് ശക്തികുളങ്ങര|| [[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2007||[[ബാല്യം |ബാല്യം]] || ||എസ് തങ്കപ്പൻ ||ജോസ് നെട്ടയം |- |2006 ||[[രാവണൻ]] ||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി || എം മണി|| ജോജോ വർഗ്ഗീസ് |- |2006 || [[രാഷ്ട്രം]] ||മാളിയേക്കൽ ഔസേപ്പച്ചൻ ||സി കരുണാകരൻ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2005 || [[തസ്കരവീരൻ (2005ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തസ്കരവീരൻ]]|| അറക്കളം പൈലി||വിന്ധ്യൻ,ദിനൻ || [[പ്രമോദ് പപ്പൻ]] |- |2005 || [[നരൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നരൻ]] ||വലിയ നമ്പ്യാർ || [[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]]|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2005 ||[[ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ]]||ഗോവിന്ദമേനോൻ ||മിലൻ ജലീൽ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2004 || [[ചതിക്കാത്ത ചന്തു]] ||വസുമതിയുടെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||[[ലാൽ]] ||[[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2001 ||[[ഷാർജാ ടു ഷാർജാ]] || ജസ്റ്റിസ് വിശ്വനാഥകർത്ത|| മോഹൻ കാർത്തിക|| വേണു ഗോപൻ |- |1999 ||[[ഏഴുപുന്നതരകൻ]] ||എഴുപുന്ന ഔത തരകൻ || പി ജോർജ്ജ് ജോസഫ്|| [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[ഒന്നാംവട്ടം കണ്ടപ്പോൾ]] ||പ്രഭാകരവർമ്മ || കെ എൽ ജോൺ||[[കെ.കെ. ഹരിദാസ്]] |- |1999 ||[[ഗർഷോം ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി മാഷ് ||ജയപാലമേനോൻ ||[[പി.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമുഹമ്മദ്]] |- |1999 ||[[പ്രണയനിലാവ്]] || തങ്ങൾ|| [[മിലൻ ജലീൽ]]||[[വിനയൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[സ്റ്റാലിൻ ശിവദാസ്‌]] || സഖാവ് കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ|| [[ദിനേഷ് പണിക്കർ]] ||[[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1998 ||[[ഹർത്താൽ]] ||ഇമാം തങ്ങളുപ്പാപ്പ || വെങ്കിടേശ്വര ഫിലിംസ്||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് |- |1998 ||[[ആഘോഷം]] ||ഗീ വർഗീസ് പുന്നൂക്കാരൻ ||ഗോൾഡൻ മൂവീ മേക്കേഴ്സ് ||[[ടി എസ് സജി]] |- |1998 ||[[സമാന്തരങ്ങൾ]] ||മന്ത്രി ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1997 ||[[വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട് ]] || പകലോമറ്റം ഇട്ടി|| ജോകുട്ടൻ|| ഐ വി ശശി |- |1997 ||[[ദി ഗുഡ്‌ ബോയ്സ്‌]] ||പ്രതാപവർമ ||മാക് അലി || കെ പി സുനിൽ |- |1997 ||[[മോക്ഷം]] || ||കെ പി വേണു || ബേപ്പൂർ മണി |- |1996 ||[[ടൈം ബോംബ്‌]] || ||ലിയോൺ കംബയിൻസ് || വിശ്വം |- |1995 || [[സമുദായം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമുദായം]] || ഇബ്രാഹിം മൂപ്പൻ||പ്രേമകുമാർ മാരാത്ത് || [[അമ്പിളി]] |- |1995 || [[പ്രായിക്കര പാപ്പാൻ]] ||ശങ്കുണ്ണി (വലിയപാപ്പാൻ) ||എസ് കെ ഭദ്ര || [[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1995 || [[സിംഹവാലൻ മേനോൻ]] ||മേനോൻ ||കിളിമാനൂർ ചന്ദ്രൻ || [[വിജി തമ്പി]] |- |1995 || [[മുൻപേ പറക്കുന്ന പക്ഷി]] || || || തേവലക്കര ചെല്ലപ്പൻ |- |1994 || [[മലപ്പുറം ഹാജി മഹാനായ ജോജി]]|| ഹാജിയാർ||ബാബു തോമസ്‌ ,മജീദ് || [[തുളസീദാസ് (സംവിധായകൻ)|തുളസിദാസ്]] |- |1994 || [[വരണമാല്യം |വരണമാല്യം]]||വർമ്മ ||പിസി അബ്രഹാം || വിജയ് പി നായർ |- |1994 || [[ഗോത്രം]]||കേശവൻ മാസ്റ്റർ ||സെവെൻ ബ്യൂട്ടി ഫിലിംസ് || സുരേഷ് രാജ് |- |1994 || [[മാന്ത്രികന്റെ പ്രാവുകൾ]]||വാസുദേവൻ || കെ സദഗോപൻ|| വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1993 || [[തലമുറ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തലമുറ]]||മുണ്ടക്കൽ മാർക്കോസ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[കെ. മധു]] |- |1993 || [[ഒറ്റയടിപ്പാതകൾ]]||ഭാസ്കരമേനോൻ ||വിൻസന്റ് ചിറ്റിലപ്പള്ളി || [[സി. രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1993 || [[യാദവം ]]||വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ ||പി നന്ദകുമാർ,ഗീതാഞ്ജലി നന്ദകുമാർ || ജോമോൻ |- |1993 || [[ആയിരപ്പറ ]]||പാപ്പി ||മാക് അലി ,അശോകൻ ||[[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1993 || [[ഏകലവ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏകലവ്യൻ]]||ശ്രീധരൻ || [[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]]||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1993 || [[അഭയം]]|| ||എൻ എഫ് ഡി സി ||ശിവൻ |- |1992 ||[[കുടുംബസമേതം]]||രാഘവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |1992 ||[[ശബരിമലയിൽ തങ്കസൂര്യോദയം]]||ശങ്കരപ്പിള്ള || കുപ്പുസ്വാമി||[[കെ.ശങ്കർ]] |- |1992 || [[ചമ്പക്കുളം തച്ചൻ]]|| മൂത്താശാരി||വി പി മാധവൻ നായർ || [[കമൽ]] |- |1992 || [[കുഞ്ഞിക്കുരുവി]]|| ||വസന്താ ഫിലിംസ് || [[വിനയൻ]] |- |1990 || [[സാമ്രാജ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സാമ്രാജ്യം]]||ഐ.ജി ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ || [[ജോമോൻ]] |- |1990 || [[ലാൽസലാം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലാൽ സലാം]]||മേടയിൽ ഇട്ടിച്ചൻ ||കെ ആർ ഗംഗാധരൻ || [[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1990 || [[വീണ മീട്ടിയ വിലങ്ങുകൾ]]||വേലപ്പൻ ||മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ || [[കൊച്ചിൻ ഹനീഫ]] |- |1990 || [[അമ്മയുടെ സ്വന്തം കുഞ്ഞുമേരി]]||ഫാ.ഫ്രാൻസിസ് || || |- |1990 ||[[നമ്മുടെ നാട് |നമ്മുടെ നാട്]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||പി വി ആർ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ || കെ സുകു |- |1989 ||[[നാടുവാഴികൾ]]||അനന്തൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1989 ||[[ദേവദാസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവദാസ്]] ||ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ ||പൊന്നമ്പലം സേതുനാഥ്,എം സാമുവൽ || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1989 ||[[മുദ്ര (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുദ്ര]] ||ഐ.സി ജോസഫ് ചാക്കോ || || |- |1989 ||[[ജാതകം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജാതകം]] ||പ്രൊഫ.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ || മീരാ ഫിലിം ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ|| [[സുരേഷ് ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ചാണക്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചാണക്യൻ]] || ഐ.ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണപ്പണിക്കർ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] ||[[ടി.കെ. രാജീവ് കുമാർ]] |- |1989 ||[[ഒരു സായാഹ്നത്തിന്റെ സ്വപ്നം]] ||ബ്രിഗേഡിയർ ആർ.കെ മേനോൻ || അഗസ്റ്റിൻ ഇലഞ്ഞിപ്പള്ളി|| [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ന്യൂസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ന്യൂസ്]] ||സുരേന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||ജി സുരേഷ് കുമാർ ||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1988 ||[[സൈമൺ പീറ്റർ നിനക്കുവേണ്ടി]]|| കേശവദാസ്||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]],[[കെ.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമോൻ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[1921 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|1921]]||ആലി മുസല്യാർ || മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1988 ||[[അപരൻ ]]||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[പി. പത്മരാജൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[വിറ്റ്നസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വിറ്റ്നസ്]]||അഡ്വ.മാധവൻ തമ്പി || പ്രിയങ്ക ഫിലിംസ്|| [[വിജി തമ്പി ]] |- |1988 ||[[ഊഴം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഊഴം]]||ഗാന്ധിയൻ കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ ||എം ചന്ദ്രിക || [[ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1987 ||[[ഇത്രയും കാലം]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1987 ||[[അതിർത്തികൾ ]] ||മേജർ മുകുന്ദൻ ||എം.ടി.പി പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1986 ||[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] ||കേശവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||[[പി കെ ആർ പിള്ള]] || [[മധു]] |- |1986 ||[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] ||എ ആർ കെ മേനോൻ || [[മധു]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1985 ||[[ഒറ്റയാൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || || ||എൻ കേശവൻ നായർ ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി |- |1985 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ ഒരിടത്ത്]] ||മൊയ്തു ||ഫിലിപ്പ് റെമണ്ട് || [[ജേസി ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഇവിടെ ഈ തീരത്ത്]] ||പ്രൊഫ.തമ്പി ||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[അയനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അയനം]] ||ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||ശിവൻ കുന്നമ്പിള്ളി || [[ഹരികുമാർ|ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഗുരുജി ഒരു വാക്ക്]] ||ഗുരുജി || ഗജരാജാ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[രാജൻ ശങ്കരാടി]] |- |1985 ||[[കഥ ഇതുവരെ]] || മേജർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ||[[ജോയ് തോമസ്]] || [[ജോഷി]] |- |1985 ||[[ജനകീയ കോടതി |ജനകീയകോടതി]] ||ഗോപി || [[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[ഹസ്സൻ |ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[പച്ച വെളിച്ചം|പച്ചവെളിച്ചം]]||മേജർ നായർ ||[[എം. മണി]] ||[[എം. മണി]] |- |1985 ||[[വെള്ളം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളം]] || മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി|| [[ദേവൻ (നടൻ)|ദേവൻ]]|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[കണ്ണാരം പൊത്തി പൊത്തി]]|| പ്രൊസിക്യൂട്ടർ കരുണാകരൻ||[[കെ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]] || [[ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ചക്കരയുമ്മ]] ||മാത്യൂസ് || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[സാജൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|സാജൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[അറിയാത്ത വീഥികൾ ]] ||ജഡ്ജ് ജഗന്നാഥൻ ||[[രാജു മാത്യു]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[തിരക്കിൽ അല്പ സമയം]] ||കാദർ ഹാജി ||വിജയ & വിജയ || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇടവേളയ്ക്കുശേഷം]] ||ജഡ്ജ് രാജശേഖരൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[മനസ്സേ നിനക്കു മംഗളം]] ||അഡ്വ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[ലക്ഷ്മി (നടി)|ലക്ഷ്മി]]|| [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1984 ||[[അലകടലിനക്കരെ]] || ബാലു എസ് ദാസ്|| [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[കുരിശുയുദ്ധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കുരിശുയുദ്ധം]] || മാത്യു ചെറിയാച്ചൻ|| സി രാധാമണി || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1984 ||[[ആറ്റുവഞ്ചി ഉലഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ]]||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഭദ്രൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇത്തിരിപ്പൂവേ ചുവന്നപൂവേ]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||[[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]] || [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ആരോരുമറിയാതെ]]||പ്രൊഫ്. പണിക്കർ || റോസമ്മ ജോർജ്|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ജീവിതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജീവിതം]]||രാജൻ മേനോൻ ||കെ ബാലാജി || കെ വിജയൻ |- |1984 ||[[ഒരു പൈങ്കിളിക്കഥ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി || വരദ ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[മോർച്ചറി]] ||സി കൃഷ്ണദാസ് || പുഷ്പരാജൻ|| [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പിൻനിലാവ്]]||കേശവപ്പണിക്കർ ||സെഞ്ച്വറി || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[നാണയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നാണയം]]|| വിശ്വനാഥൻ മുതലാളി|| സി എസ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1983 ||[[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||മമ്മദ് കുട്ടി || [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[എന്നെ ഞാൻ തേടുന്നു]]||മാധവമേനോൻ/ഗോപിനാഥമേനോൻ || പി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ്]]||ഡി.വൈ.എസ് പി ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[അങ്കം]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ലോറൻസ് || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[ബന്ധം]] ||വാസു ||മോഹൻ ശർമ്മ|| [[വിജയാനന്ദ് ]] |- |1983 ||[[പാലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം) |പാലം]] ||കോണ്ട്രാക്ടർ കുമാരൻ || എം ഹസ്സൻ ,സൈനബ് ഹസ്സൻ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1983||[[ആധിപത്യം]] ||സുലൈമാൻ ||സൌപർണ്ണിക ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1983||[[ആന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആന]]||ജബ്ബാർ || [[ടി.പി. മാധവൻ]],[[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[യുദ്ധം]] ||രാമു || [[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[അറബിക്കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അറബിക്കടൽ]] || സേവ്യർ മുതലാളി||അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ ||[[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[സംരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] ||വാസു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പാസ്പോർട്ട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പാസ്പോർട്ട് ]] ||ബാലൻ ||പുഷ്പരാജൻ || [[തമ്പി കണ്ണന്താനം ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||സത്യപാലൻ ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[പടയോട്ടം ]] ||ദേവരാജരാജൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || ജിജോ പുന്നൂസ് |- |1982 ||[[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]] ||മാധവൻകുട്ടി മേനോൻ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരംഭം]]|| മൊയ്തു||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1982 ||[[കർത്തവ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കർത്തവ്യം]]||മേജർ രാംകുമാർ || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[ജോഷി ]] |- |1981 ||[[കാട്ടുപോത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്ടുപോത്ത്]] || ||യുണൈറ്റഡ് ആർട്ട്സ് || [[പി ഗോപികുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]] ||സ്കൂൾ മാനേജർ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1981 ||[[ഇര തേടുന്ന മനുഷ്യർ]] || ജമാൽ|| ഒ അബ്ദുൾ ഹമീദ് ആന്റ് ബ്രദേഴ്സ്|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1981 ||[[ദന്തഗോപുരം]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ || രഞ്ജിത് ഫിലിംസ്|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[പിന്നെയും പൂക്കുന്ന കാട്]] ||അരവിന്ദൻ ||[[എം. മണി]] || ശ്രീനി കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ |- |1981 ||[[രക്തം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രക്തം]] ||വിശ്വൻ || അപ്പച്ചൻ (വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്)|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1981 ||[[താറാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|താറാവ്]] ||ചേന്നൻ || എൻ കെ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ,എൻ പ്രേംകുമാർ|| [[ജേസി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി]] || പ്രഭാകരമേനോൻ||[[മധു]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1981 ||[[കോളിളക്കം]] ||പ്രഭാകരൻ ||സി വി ഹരിഹരൻ || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1981 ||[[സംഭവം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംഭവം]]||മത്തായി ||മജീന്ദ്രൻ,ബാബു തോമസ്‌ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അരിക്കാരി അമ്മു]] ||അപ്പുക്കുട്ടൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ജെ ശശികുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ആക്രമണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആക്രമണം]]|| വർഗീസ്|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി]]||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ ഷാജി || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1980 ||[[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]] ||വർമ്മാജി ||[[മധു]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[അമ്പലവിളക്ക്]] ||ഗോപി || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[ഇതിലെ വന്നവർ|ഇതിലേ വന്നവർ]]||രാജശേഖരൻ, എസ് ഐ രാജൻ(ഇരട്ടവേഷം) ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[അകലങ്ങളിൽ അഭയം]] ||അഡ്വ. രഘുരാമൻ ||ജോയ് കുര്യാ‍ക്കോസ്,സി ചാക്കോ || [[ജേസി]] |- |1980 ||[[തീക്കടൽ]] ||ഡോ.ദിവാകരൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || [[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[സ്വന്തം എന്ന പദം]] ||കൃഷ്ണകുമാർ || [[പി കെ കൈമൾ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[മുത്തുച്ചിപ്പികൾ]] || ഗോപി|| സി ദാസ്|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[രജനീഗന്ധി]] ||ഗോപിനാഥ് ||എൻ ജി ജോൺ || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1980|| [[ദീപം (സിനിമ)|ദീപം]]||വർമ്മ || രഞ്ജി മാത്യു|| [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മീൻ]] ||കുര്യാക്കോസ് || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[കൃഷ്ണപ്പരുന്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൃഷ്ണപരുന്ത്]] ||വക്കീൽ ||ബാബു ജോർജ് || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1979 ||[[പുഷ്യരാഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുഷ്യരാഗം]] ||ഡോക്ടർ || അബ്ബാസ്,വി വി ആന്റണി|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[കതിർമണ്ഡപം]] ||ചാർളി ||എം ഹസ്സൻ ,അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ || കെ പി പിള്ള |-] |1979 ||[[അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം]] ||സബ് ഇൻസ്പെകർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പതിവ്രത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പതിവ്രത]] ||ബാലു || മേഘാലയ ഫിലിംസ്|| എം എസ് ചക്രവർത്തി |- |1979 ||[[ഇടവഴിയിലെ പൂച്ച മിണ്ടാപ്പൂച്ച]] || ഡോ.രാജ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[സിംഹാസനം (1979ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിംഹാസനം]] ||ഗോപാലൻ/രാമു ||[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1979 ||[[അനുഭവങ്ങളേ നന്ദി]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||പൂർണ്ണശ്രീ ആർട്ട്സ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[ഹൃദയത്തിന്റെ നിറങ്ങൾ]] || ബാലു|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1979 || [[കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ട് നീലി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ടു നീലി]] ||ഹേമചന്ദ്രൻ || [[എം. മണി|എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ജീവിതം ഒരു ഗാനം]]||മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി ||എം ആർ സിനി ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1979 ||[[ശുദ്ധികലശം]] || വിജയകുമാർ|| [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പ്രതീക്ഷ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രതീക്ഷ]]||ആർ.കെ നായർ ||വിജയ് കുമാർ || ,ശ്രീകുമാർ ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |1979 ||[[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[കായലും കയറും]] || ചെല്ലപ്പൻ|| എം എസ് ശിവസ്വാമി,ബാലഗംഗാധര തിലകൻ,പി ടി ശ്രീനിവാസൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[മനുഷ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ |- |1979 ||[[ഇനിയെത്ര സന്ധ്യകൾ]] || തോമസ്|| പാറശ്ശാല ദിവാകരൻ,മുല്ലശ്ശേരി മുകുന്ദൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1979 ||[[എനിക്കു ഞാൻ സ്വന്തം]] || വാസു|| [[എം മണി]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ഒരു രാഗം പല താളം]] ||വിനോദ് ||ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌ ,[[ശ്രീവിദ്യ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[വേനലിൽ ഒരു മഴ]] ||വാസു || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1978 ||[[അവർ ജീവിക്കുന്നു]]||കുമാർ || ആർ ദേവരാജൻ ||[[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാണെന്റെ വഴി]]||ഡോ.വിജയൻ/ഭാർഗ്ഗവൻ ||പരിമല പിക്ചേര്സ് || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉത്രാട രാത്രി]]||വക്കീൽ || എൽ രാജലക്ഷ്മികുഞ്ഞമ്മ|| [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[നാലുമണിപ്പൂക്കൾ ]]||ജോയി മുതലാളി ||[[ടി ആർ ശ്രീനിവാസൻ ]] || [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സീമന്തിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സീമന്തിനി]]||സാം മാത്യു ||[[എൻ ശരത്കുമാർ ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[രണ്ടു പെൺകുട്ടികൾ]]||ഡോ.മാധവൻ നായർ ||[[എൻ സി മേനോൻ]],[[ഗോപികൃഷ്ണൻ]] || [[എം മോഹൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ മുഖങ്ങൾ]]||ദേവദാസ് ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സൊസൈറ്റി ലേഡി ]]|| ശ്രീധരൻ||[[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1978 ||[[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]|| ബാബു|| [[മധു]],[[എം മണി]]|| [[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അഗ്നി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നി]]||സുലൈമാൻ || [[പി‌എംകെ ബാപ്പു]],[[ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||ഡോ.ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[റൗഡി രാമു]] ||രാമു || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 || [[ഈ മനോഹര തീരം]] || സുകുമാരൻ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ|| എ ജെ കുരിയാക്കോസ്|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹിക്കാൻ സമയമില്ല]]||രാജൻ ||ശ്രീകാന്ത് || [[വിജയാനന്ദ്]] |- |1978 ||[[വാടകയ്ക്ക് ഒരു ഹൃദയം]] ||സദാശിവൻ പിള്ള || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ജലതരംഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ബീന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബീന]] ||ശ്രീനിവാസ് ||തൃക്കുന്നപ്പുഴ വിജയകുമാർ || [[കെ. നാരായണൻ (ചിത്രസംയോജകൻ)|കെ നാരായണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഞാൻ ഞാൻ മാത്രം]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള ||[[എം ഓ ജോസഫ്]] || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[കന്യക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കന്യക]]||ശ്രീകുമാർ || പി എസ് നായർ|| [[ജെ.ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാ ഒരു മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||മധുസൂദനൻ തമ്പി ||ഹേംനാഗ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഈറ്റ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഈറ്റ]]|| വറൂതുണ്ണി|| ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉറക്കം വരാത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ജയൻ || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ആരാധന]] ||ആനന്ദ് ||ടി സത്യദേവി || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[ആ നിമിഷം]] || പ്രഭാകരൻ||ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[കാവിലമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാവിലമ്മ]] ||ഡോ.ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||ഖാദർ,ഖലം || [[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[സരിത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സരിത]] ||വില്യംസ് ||സുവർണ രേഖ || പി പി ഗോവിന്ദൻ |- |1977 ||[[നുരയും പതയും ]] ||കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] || [[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1977 ||[[അകലെ ആകാശം ]] ||രവീന്ദ്രൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[വിടരുന്ന മൊട്ടുകൾ]] ||ഹെഡ്മാസ്റ്റർ സത്യശീലൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[റൗഡി രാജമ്മ]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ശങ്കർ|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[അപരാധി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അപരാധി]] || ജയചന്ദ്രൻ||[[എസ് പാവമണി]] || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1977 ||[[യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം]] ||പ്രസാദ് ||അഷ്‌റഫ് ഫിലിംസ് || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി ]] |- |1977 ||[[ഇതാ ഇവിടെ വരെ]] ||പള്ളി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[ശാന്ത ഒരു ദേവത]] ||രാജൻ ||[[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]],ശാരദ കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] || മോഹൻ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[നീതിപീഠം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നീതിപീഠം]] ||പീറ്റർ/ശങ്കരൻ ||[[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1977 ||[[പൂജയ്ക്കെടുക്കാത്ത പൂക്കൾ]]||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]],[[പ്രേം നവാസ്]] ||[[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[മുത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുത്ത്]] ||തങ്കപ്പൻ || ഡോ തോമസ് മാത്യു|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |- |1976 ||[[മാനസവീണ]] ||രവി ||ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മിഗണേഷ് പിക്ചേർസ് || ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1976 ||[[അമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്മ]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ തമ്പി ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[സമസ്യ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || ശങ്കരവാര്യർ|| കലാരത്നം|| കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1976 || [[കന്യാദാനം]]||ജഗദീശ് ||സി സി ബേബി || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[തെമ്മാടി വേലപ്പൻ]] ||രാഘവൻ ||ജി പി ബാലൻ || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[യക്ഷഗാനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യക്ഷഗാനം]] ||രവി ||മതിഒളി ഷണ്മുഖം || [[ഷീല]] |- |1976 ||[[തീക്കനൽ]] ||വിനോദ് || ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌|| [[മധു ]] |- |1976 ||[[ഹൃദയം ഒരു ക്ഷേത്രം]]||ഡോ.രമേഷ് ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 ||[[സിന്ധു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ധു]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || ആർ സോമനാഥൻ|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 || [[സമ്മാനം (1975-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമ്മാനം]] ||രഘു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം]] ||രാഘവൻ ||പി‌എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ]] ||അതിഥിതാരം || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 || [[ഓമനക്കുഞ്ഞ് ]] ||രാമു ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1975 ||[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] ||ഫെർണാണ്ടസ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1975 ||[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]] ||വിൻസെന്റ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1974||[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||മാർത്താണ്ഡൻ തമ്പി || [[മധു]]||[[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ ]]||കുഞ്ഞുരാമൻ ||കെ പി എ സി ഫിലിംസ് || [[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[ഭൂമീദേവി പുഷ്പിണിയായി]]||ജഗദീശ് || പികെ കൈമൾ|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[ഒരു പിടി അരി ]]||ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ നായർ || ടി മോഹൻ|| [[പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[യൗവനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യൗവനം]]|| മോഹൻ||[[പി. സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[ബാബു നന്തൻകോട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചുക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചുക്ക്]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[സൗന്ദര്യപൂജ ]] ||രാജൻ||അജയചിത്ര || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചെണ്ട (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെണ്ട]] ||അപ്പു || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[ഏണിപ്പടികൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏണിപ്പടികൾ]] ||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[കാമ്പിശ്ശേരി കരുണാകരൻ]] || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[പോലീസ് അറിയരുത്]] ||ജയിംസ് ||എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ || എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ |- |1973 ||[[നഖങ്ങൾ (1973-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നഖങ്ങൾ]]||ശങ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[സ്വപ്നം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വപ്നം]] ||വിശ്വം || ശിവൻ|| ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1973 ||[[സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി |സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി]] ||ബാബു || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973||[[മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ]]||കാർത്തികേയൻ ||കടക്കാവൂർ തങ്കപ്പൻ || ബേബി,ഋഷി |- |1973 ||[[മഴക്കാറ്]]||പ്രഭാകരൻ || [[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]]|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[തിരുവാഭരണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിരുവാഭരണം]] ||രാഘവൻ || [[ഇ. കെ. ത്യാഗരാജൻ]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973 ||[[യാമിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യാമിനി]] ||ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[കെ സി ജോയ്]],[[എം എസ് ജോസഫ്]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1973 || [[മാധവിക്കുട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാധവിക്കുട്ടി]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ |ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി|തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[തെക്കൻ കാറ്റ്]] ||ബാബു|| [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973||[[കാട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്]]||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973 ||[[ഉദയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉദയം]]||രാജശേഖരൻ || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[ദിവ്യദർശനം]] ||വേണു || ഭാരതിമേനോൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്വയംവരം]] ||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || ചിത്രലേഖ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[ലക്ഷ്യം]] ||ശശി ||ജിപ്‌സൺ || ജിപ്‌സൺ |- |1972 ||[[ദേവി (മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവി]] || ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ. എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[അഴിമുഖം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഴിമുഖം]] ||ഹംസ || കൃഷ്ണൻകുട്ടി , പി വിജയൻ|| [[പി വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുള്ളിമാൻ (1972-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുള്ളിമാൻ]] ||ദേവയ്യൻ ||പൊന്നപ്പൻ ഇ ||എൻ ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1972 ||[[പ്രീതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രീതി]] ||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് ||കെ കെ എസ് കൈമൾ || [[വില്യം തോമസ്]] |- |1972 ||[[തീർത്ഥയാത്ര]] ||രാജഗോപാൽ || [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[എ. വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1972||[[ആറടി മണ്ണിന്റെ ജന്മി]]|| പ്രസാദ്||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]] ||ഗോവിന്ദൻ നായർ || [[മധു]] ||[[മധു]] |- |1972 ||[[ഇനി ഒരു ജന്മം തരൂ]] ||രഘു || അമ്മ പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ്|| [[കെ വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മനുഷ്യബന്ധങ്ങൾ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||കാർത്തിക ഫിലിംസ് || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുത്രകാമേഷ്ടി]] || കേശവൻ നായർ/കരുണാകരൻ ഐ.പി എസ്|| പി എസ് ചെട്ടി,പി അപ്പു നായർ|| [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[ചെമ്പരത്തി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്പരത്തി]] ||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]] || [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പണിമുടക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പണിമുടക്ക്]] ||കേശവൻ ||[[ പി എൻ മേനോൻ]],എം‌ ബി പിഷാരടി|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 || [[വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളേ ഇതിലേ ഇതിലേ]] || || മിന്നൽ|| [[ജോൺ ഏബ്രഹാം]] |- |1972 || [[നാടൻ പ്രേമം]] ||ഇക്കോരൻ ||എൻ വിശ്വേശ്വരയ്യ,പി‌ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1972||[[ഗന്ധർവ്വക്ഷേത്രം]]||സതീശൻ ||[[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴി തുറക്കു|സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴിതുറക്കൂ]]||കൃഷ്ണൻ നമ്പൂതിരി ||സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി ]] || കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി|| യുണൈറ്റഡ് പ്രൊഡ്യൂസേഴ്സ്|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1971 || [[കരകാണാക്കടൽ]] ||കറിയ || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 || [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] ||കേശവൻ || [[യൂസഫലി കേച്ചേരി]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1971 ||[[ലൈൻ ബസ്സ്]] ||ഗോപി ||സി സി ബേബി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[മൂന്നു പൂക്കൾ]] ||വേണുഗോപാൽ || സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ജലകന്യക ]] ||മാധവൻ ||കലാലയ ഫിലിംസ് || [[എം.എസ്. മണി]] |- |1971 ||[[ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് ]] ||ശ്രീധരൻ ||കെ എസ് ആർ മൂർത്തി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[പ്രതിസന്ധി (ഹ്രസ്വചിത്രം)|പ്രതിസന്ധി]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് || || [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ശരശയ്യ]] || ഡോ. ഹരീന്ദ്രനാഥ്|| പിവി സത്യം,മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്)|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1971 ||[[വിലയ്ക്കുവാങ്ങിയ വീണ]] ||വേണു || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[ബോബനും മോളിയും (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബോബനും മോളിയും]] ||ബാലൻ ||രവി ഏബ്രഹാം || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1971 ||[[ആഭിജാത്യം]] || മാധവൻ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1971 ||[[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]] || മായൻ|| താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[കൊച്ചനിയത്തി]] ||രാജു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1971 ||[[വിത്തുകൾ]] || ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ||ആരാധന മൂവീസ് || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[ഭീകര നിമിഷങ്ങൾ]]||വേണുഗോപാൽ || വി അരുണാചലം ,ചിന്ന അണ്ണാമലൈ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1970 ||[[തുറക്കാത്ത വാതിൽ]] ||വാസു || എ രഘുനാഥ്|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പ്രിയ]] ||ഗോപൻ || എൻ പി അബു|| [[മധു]] |- |1970 ||[[സ്ത്രീ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്ത്രീ]] ||രവി || മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്) || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പളുങ്കുപാത്രം]]|| രവി||ശബരിനാഥൻ || [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ|തിക്കുറിശ്ശി ]] |- |1970 ||[[നിലയ്ക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നിലക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ]] || സാം|| മിസ്സിസ് കെ സുകുമാരൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1970 ||[[കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി]] ||രാജപ്പൻ ||സി ജെ ബേബി,പി സി ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[അഭയം]] || പ്രൊഫ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ|| [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1970||[[സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ]]|| ഡോ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1970 || [[ഓളവും തീരവും]]|| ബാപ്പുട്ടി||[[പി.എ. ബക്കർ]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1970 || [[അമ്പലപ്രാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്പലപ്രാവ്]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ ||താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[ജന്മഭൂമി (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജന്മഭൂമി]] ||ജോണി || [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]]|| [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]] |- |1969 ||[[കുരുതിക്കളം |കുരുതിക്കളം]] ||രഘു || സിനി യുണൈറ്റഡ്|| എ കെ സഹദേവൻ |- |1969 ||[[ആൽമരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആൽമരം]] ||ഗോപി || ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[കള്ളിച്ചെല്ലമ്മ]] ||ചന്ദ്രപ്പൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[വില കുറഞ്ഞ മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രാമസ്വാമി|| എം എ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ |- |1969 ||[[നദി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നദി]] ||സണ്ണി ||[[ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച]] ||രാജൻ ||എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1969 ||[[വിരുന്നുകാരി]] ||സേതു || [[പി. വേണു]]||[[പി. വേണു]] |- |1969 ||[[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] ||സുബോധ് സന്യാൽ || || |- |1969 ||''[[വീട്ടുമൃഗം]]'' ||വിജയൻ || [[പി സുകുമാരൻ]],[[ജി അർജ്ജുനൻ]]|| [[പി വേണു]] |- |1968 ||[[തുലാഭാരം]] || ബാബു|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1968||[[കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കടൽ]] ||ആന്റണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വിപ്ലവകാരികൾ ]] ||മേനോൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]] ||ചാക്കോ സാർ ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വഴിപിഴച്ച സന്തതി]] ||ഉണ്ണി ||[[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1968||[[മനസ്വിനി ]] || ഹരിദാസ്||എൻ വാസുമേനോൻ || പി ഭാസ്കരൻ |- |1968||[[രാഗിണി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രാഗിണി ]] ||രവി || കെ എൻ മൂർത്തി|| പി ബി ഉണ്ണി |- |1968||[[കറുത്ത പൗർണ്ണമി ]] || ബാലു||[[എൻ ജി മേനോൻ]] || നാരായണൻകുട്ടി വല്ലത്ത് |- |1967||[[കദീജ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കദീജ]] || ഡോ.സലിം||കലാരത്ന || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1967||[[കറുത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ഡോ.ശാന്തൻ || [[പി. സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1967||[[ചെകുത്താന്റെ കോട്ട]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ || എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1967||[[ഒള്ളതുമതി ]] || ബാബു||എം പി ചന്ദ്രശേഖര പിള്ള || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1967||[[അവൾ ]] || ജോയ്||മുഹമ്മദ് സർക്കാർ || പി എം എ അസീസ്‌ |- |1967 ||[[അന്വേഷിച്ചു കണ്ടെത്തിയില്ല]] ||ആന്റണി || കെ രവീന്ദ്രനാഥൻ നായർ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1967 ||[[ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥ]] ||രാജശേഖരൻ || പി‌ എസ് ദാസ്,പി കെ ദേവദാസ് || വേണുഗോപാല മേനോൻ (പി വേണു) |- |1967 ||[[ലേഡി ഡോക്ടർ]] ||ജോണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1967 ||[[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേധം]]|| സദാനന്ദൻ|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1967 ||[[രമണൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രമണൻ]] || മാധവൻ|| [[ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട്]]|| ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട് |- |1967 ||[[നഗരമേ നന്ദി]] ||രാഘവൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ|ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്|എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1966 ||[[തിലോത്തമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിലോത്തമ]] ||ഉസ്മാൻ || [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]]|| [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] |- |1966 ||[[കരുണ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കരുണ]] ||യൂണിയൻ ലീഡർ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1966 ||[[മാണിക്യക്കൊട്ടാരം]] ||വേണു ||എച്ച് എച്ച് അബ്ദുള്ള സേട്ട് || യു രാജഗോപാൽ |- |1966||[[അർച്ചന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അർച്ചന]]||രാജഗോപാലൻ ||റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1966 ||[[പുത്രി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുത്രി]] ||ബാബു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[തൊമ്മന്റെ മക്കൾ]] ||കുഞ്ഞച്ചൻ || കാശിനാഥൻ|| ശശികുമാർ |- |1965 ||[[അമ്മു]] ||ഭാസി ||എം കേശവൻ || എൻ എൻ പിഷാരടി |- |1965 || [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]]||കേശവൻ കുട്ടി ||ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1965 ||[[കല്യാണഫോട്ടോ ]] ||എസ്.ഐ ജോൺ || റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ|| ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ |- |1965 ||[[കളിയോടം]] ||ഡോ.വേണു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] ||പരീക്കുട്ടി || ബാബു സേട്ട്|| രാമു കാര്യാട്ട് |- |1965 ||[[കാട്ടുപൂക്കൾ]] ||ജോണീ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1965||[[മായാവി (1965-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മായാവി]] ||മധു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || ജി കെ രാമു |- |1965 ||[[സുബൈദ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സുബൈദ]] ||അഹമ്മദ് ||എച്ച് എച്ച് ഇബ്രാഹിം || [[എം എസ് മണി]] |- |1965 ||[[പട്ടുതൂവാല]] || ജോർജ്||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ജീവിതയാത്ര]] ||രാജൻ ||മാസ്റർ ഗണേഷ് || കൊട്ടാരക്കര ശശികുമാർ |- | 1965||[[സർപ്പക്കാട്]] || ഡോ.ബാലൻ||പി കെ സത്യപാൽ || [[ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ആദ്യകിരണങ്ങൾ]] ||പാപ്പച്ചൻ ||വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[മണവാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മണവാട്ടി]] ||ബാബു || എം രാജു മാത്തൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം]] ||കവി || [[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1964 ||[[കുട്ടിക്കുപ്പായം]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് ||[[റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1964 ||[[തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ]] ||പയ്യംവള്ളി ചന്തു ||[[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി|ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || എസ് എസ് രാജൻ |- |1963 ||[[അമ്മയെ കാണാൻ]] ||ബാലഗോപാൽ || വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]]|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1963 ||[[മൂടുപടം]] ||കൊച്ചുകുഞ്ഞ് ||[[ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1963 ||[[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ|നിണമണിഞ്ഞകാല്പാടുകൾ]] ||സ്റ്റീഫൺ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |} ====തമിഴ്==== *[[ധർമ്മദുരൈ]] (1991) ===സംവിധാനം=== *[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] (1986) *[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] (1986) *[[ആരാധന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരാധന]] (1977) – *[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] (1976) *[[തീക്കനൽ]] (1976) *[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] (1975) *[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]](1975) *[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]] (1974) *[[നീലക്കണ്ണൂകൾ|നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ]] (1974) *[[സാഥി]] (1972) *[[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] (1971) *[[പ്രിയ]] (1970) ===നിർമ്മാണം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു നിർമ്മിച്ച ചിത്രങ്ങൾ|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=producer&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീത്ം ഇൻഫോ|accessdate=2019-11-29|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>=== {| class="wikitable" ! ക്ര.നം. !!സിനിമ !!വർഷം !!സംവിധാനം |- | 1 || [[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]]||1972 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |2 || [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||1974 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 3 || [[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 4 || [[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |5 || [[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||1978 || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 6 || [[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]||1978 ||[[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- | 7 || [[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 8 || [[ശുദ്ധികലശം]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 9 || [[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം |വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]]||1980 ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- | 10 || [[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]]||1981 ||[[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |11 || [[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]]||1981 ||[[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- | 12 || [[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]]||1982 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 13 || [[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||1983 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 14 || [[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]]||1986 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 15 || [[മിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മിനി]]||1995 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |} ===പിന്നണിഗാനം=== * സഹകരിക്കട്ടെ സഹകരിക്ക [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * അറിയൂ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * രമണീയെന്നിൽ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) ==അവലംബം== {{RL}} {{മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിം ഫെയർ അവാർഡ് ലഭിച്ചവർ-മലയാളം}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commons category|Madhu (actor)}} *[http://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu Profile in Malayalasangeetham.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902094341/https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors |date=2025-09-02 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1933-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ നിർമ്മാതാവിനുള്ള പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അഭിനയത്തിനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാനസർക്കാർ പ്രത്യേകപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജെ.സി. ദാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച മലയാളികൾ]] 2kkapaqt78ecxax19es22k4wahltp8x 4644286 4644285 2026-07-08T02:32:54Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Madhu (actor)}} {{ToDisambig|വാക്ക്=മധു}}{{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = മധു | image = Madhu 2008.jpg | caption = 2008 ലെ അമ്മയുടെ ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ | othername = | birth_name = മാധവൻ നായർ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1933|09|23}}<ref>{{cite news|title=J.C. Daniel Award for Madhu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125405/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2016|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 April 2005}}</ref> | birth_place = ഗൗരീശപട്ടം, തിരുവനന്തപുരം,<ref>{{cite news|title=Madhu makes Kerala proud|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/madhu-makes-kerala-proud/article4346115.ece|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 January 2013}}</ref> [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജ്യം]], [[British Raj|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യ]]<br>(present day [[Thiruvananthapuram district|തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[കേരള]], ഇന്ത്യ) | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mahatma Gandhi College|മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി കോളജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[Banaras Hindu University|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി, വാരണാസി]]|[[National School of Drama|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ, ന്യൂഡൽഹി]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ|സംവിധായകൻ|നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | yearsactive = 1963 – ഇതുവരെ | spouse = {{Marriage|ജയലക്ഷ്മി||2014|reason=died}} | children = 1 (ഡോ. ഉമ) | parents = [[ആർ. പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള]] (father) <br>തങ്കമ്മ പിള്ള (mother) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=Malayalam Cinema's Beloved Madhu Turns 90, Reflects On A Life Well-Lived |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-cinemas-beloved-madhu-turns-90-reflects-on-a-life-well-lived-8588755.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> | awards = [[ജെ സി ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ്]] (2004)<br />[[പത്മശ്രീ]] (2013) <ref>{{cite news|title=Winners of Padma awards function 2013 - 2 Padma Vibhushan, 10 Padma Bhushan and 42 Padma Shree awards presented|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=5 April 2013|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925172452/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> | website = {{URL|www.madhutheactor.com}} }} [[പ്രമാണം:Mohanlal and Madhu.jpg|thumb|2008 ലെ [[അമ്മ (താരസംഘടന)|അമ്മയുടെ]] ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ [[മോഹൻലാൽ|മോഹൻലാലിനൊപ്പം]] ]][[മലയാള സിനിമ|മലയാളചലച്ചിത്ര ലോകത്തെ]] പ്രമുഖ അഭിനേതാക്കളിൽ ഒരാളാണ് '''മധു''' (ജനനം: [[സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23]], [[1933]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-09-24 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926044723/http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |url-status=dead }}</ref>). സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമാതാവ്, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ (ഉമ സിനിമ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ) ഉടമസ്ഥൻ എന്നീ നിലകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം പ്രശസ്തി നേടി. [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] മേയറായിരുന്ന പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ളയുടെയും തങ്കമ്മയുടേയും മൂത്തപുത്രനായി ജനിച്ചു. യഥാർത്ഥ പേര്‌ '''മാധവൻ നായർ'''. മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ ശൈശവം മുതൽ ഒപ്പമുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഈ നടൻ ഇപ്പോഴും അഭിനയ രംഗത്ത് സജീവമാണ്. 1960 കളിലും 1970 കളിലും 1980 കളിലും ഒരു പ്രമുഖ നായക നടനായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 400 ലധികം സിനിമകളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 12 സിനിമകൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യുകയും 15 സിനിമകൾ നിർമ്മിക്കുകയും ഒരു കാലത്ത് ഉമ ഫിലിം സ്റ്റുഡിയോയുടെ ഉടമയുമായിരുന്നു. മലയാള സിനിമകൾക്ക് നൽകിയ സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2004-ൽ കേരള സർക്കാർ ജെ.സി.ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ് നൽകി അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചു.കലാരംഗത്തെ സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2013ൽ ഇന്ത്യാ ഗവൺമെന്റ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ പത്മശ്രീ നൽകി ആദരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഇപ്റ്റ (ഇന്ത്യൻ പീപ്പിൾസ് തിയറ്റർ അസോസിയേഷൻ) സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റായും സാംസ്ക്കാരിക രംഗത്ത് നിറഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ സിനിമയായ ''മിനി'', 1995-ലെ 43-ാമത് ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡിൽ കുടുംബക്ഷേമം പ്രമേയമായ മികച്ച ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള ഇന്ദിരാഗാന്ധി ദേശീയ അവാർഡ് കരസ്ഥമാക്കി. [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരത്തിലെ]] (1972) അഭിനയത്തിന് മലയാളത്തിലെ മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡിന്റെ ആദ്യ ജേതാവായ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഇത് കൂടാതെ മൂന്ന് ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡുകളും അഞ്ച് കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡുകളും ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മധു അഭിനയിച്ച [[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] എന്ന സിനിമ 1965-ൽ അഖിലേന്ത്യാതലത്തിൽ മികച്ച ഫീച്ചർ ഫിലിമിനുള്ള രാഷ്ട്രപതിയുടെ സ്വർണ്ണ മെഡൽ നേടിക്കൊണ്ട് ഈ ടൈറ്റിൽ നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ മലയാള ചിത്രമായി മാറി. == സ്വകാര്യ ജീവിതം == പഴയ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ നാട്ടുരാജ്യത്തെ ഗൗരീശപട്ടം എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് 1933 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23 നാണ് മാധവൻ നായർ ജനിച്ചത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് ആർ. പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള (പത്മനാഭപുരം, തക്കലെ സ്വദേശി) തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ മുൻ മേയറും മാതാവ്  തങ്കമ്മ ഒരു വീട്ടമ്മയായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് നാല് സഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. കുന്നുകുഴി എൽ.പി സ്‌കൂളിൽ നാലാം ക്ലാസ് വരെയും, അഞ്ചാം ക്ലാസ് (പ്രിപ്പറേറ്ററി) എസ്.എം.വി സ്‌കൂളിലും, ഫസ്റ്റ് ഫോറം മുതൽ മൂന്നാം ഫോറം വരെ പേട്ട മിഡിൽ സ്‌കൂളിലും, നാലാം ഫോറം  മുതൽ ആറാം ഫോറം വരെ (എസ്‌എസ്‌എൽസി) സെന്റ് ജോസഫ്‌സ് ഹൈസ്‌കൂളിലും പഠിച്ചു. മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് പ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ബിരുദവും യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദവും നേടി. പിന്നീട് ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽ (BHU) ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. ജയലക്ഷ്മിയെ (മരണം, 2014-ൽ) വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അവർക്ക് ഒരു ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പശ്ചാത്തലം == വിദ്യാർത്ഥിയായിരിക്കെ നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമായി. പിന്നീട്‌ കലാപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ അവധി നൽകി പഠനത്തിൽ ശ്രദ്ധകേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ചു. [[ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാല|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽനിന്ന്]] ബിരുദവും തുടർന്ന് ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. 1957 മുതൽ 1959 വരെയുള്ള കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ [[നാഗർകോവിൽ|നാഗർകോവിലിലെ]] ST ഹിന്ദു കോളേജിലും [[സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ കോളേജ്|സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ]] കോളേജിലും ഹിന്ദി അദ്ധ്യാപകൻ ആയി സേവനം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPZzYIAsAWc&t=217s</ref> അപ്പോഴും മാധവൻ നായരുടെ മനസ്സിലെ അഭിനയമോഹം കെട്ടടങ്ങിയിരുന്നില്ല. ഒരിക്കൽ [[നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ(എൻ.എസ്.ഡി)|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ]] പരസ്യം പത്രത്തിൽ കണ്ട അദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടും കൽപ്പിച്ച്‌ അദ്ധ്യാപക ജോലി രാജിവച്ച്‌ [[ഡൽഹി|ഡൽഹിക്ക്]] വണ്ടികയറി. 1959 ൽ നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ ആദ്യ ബാച്ചിലേയ്ക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട ഏക മലയാളിയുമാണ് മധു.<ref>മാത്റ്ഭൂമി വാർഷിക പതിപ്പ് 2013 പേജ്178</ref> എൻ.എസ്‌.ഡിയിൽ പഠിക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ്‌ [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്|രാമു കാര്യാട്ടുമായി]] അടുപ്പത്തിലായത്‌. പഠനം പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയ ശേഷം നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമാകാനായിരുന്നു ഉദ്ദേശ്യം. പക്ഷേ നിയോഗം മറ്റൊന്നായിരുന്നു. == സിനിമയിൽ == മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രരംഗത്തേക്ക് മധു കടന്ന് വന്നത് 1962 -ൽ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjdr4x7tUAs</ref> ആദ്യ മലയാളചിത്രം രാമു കാര്യാട്ടിന്റെ [[മൂടുപടം]] ആയിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ആദ്യം പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ചിത്രം [[ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻനായർ|ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]നിർമിച്ച്‌ [[എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി(സിനിമ)|എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി]] സംവിധാനംചെയ്ത [[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ]] ആണ്‌. ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ [[പ്രേംനസീർ|പ്രേം നസീറിന്റെ]] നായകകഥാപാത്രത്തെ വെല്ലുന്ന പ്രകടനത്തിലൂടെ മധു പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ ശ്രദ്ധ പിടിച്ചുപറ്റി. നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ സത്യനു വേണ്ടി മാറ്റി വെച്ച വേഷമായിരുന്നു ഇത്‌. [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ]] ആണ് മാധവൻ നായരെ മധു ആക്കി മാറ്റിയത്. 1969ൽ [[ക്വാജ അഹ്മദ് അബ്ബാസ്]] ഒരുക്കിയ [[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ഹിന്ദിയിൽ തൻ്റെ അഭിനയമികവ് കാഴ്ചവെച്ചു. പിന്നീട് ബോവുഡിലെ എക്കാലത്തെയും പ്രശസ്ത നടനായി മാറിയ അമിതാഭ് ബച്ചന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ ചിത്രം കൂടിയാണ് എന്ന പ്രത്യേകത ഈ സിനിമയ്ക്ക് ഉണ്ട്. പ്രേംനസീറും സത്യനും നിറഞ്ഞു നിൽക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ് സിനിമയിൽ രംഗപ്രവേശം നടത്തിയതെങ്കിലും അധികം വൈകാതെ സ്വതസ്സിദ്ധമായ അഭിനയശൈലിയിലൂടെ സ്വന്തമായ ഒരു ഇടം നേടിയെടുക്കാൻ മധുവിനായി. ക്ഷുഭിത യൗവനവും പ്രണയാതുരനായ കാമുകനുമൊക്കെയായി അദ്ദേഹം പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനം കവർന്നു. == ചെമ്മീൻ എന്ന വഴിത്തിരിവ്‌ == <!-- [[ചിത്രം:Chemmeen.jpg‎|right|thumb|200px|ചെമ്മീൻ]] --> മലയാള സിനിമാചരിത്രത്തിലെ നാഴികക്കല്ലെന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന [[ചെമ്മീൻ (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീനാണ്]] മധുവിന്റെ അഭിനയ ജീവിതത്തിലും വഴിത്തിരിവുണ്ടാക്കിയത്‌. '''കറുത്തമ്മയെ''' കുടിയിരുത്തിയ പ്രണയതരളമായ മനസ്സുമായി ജീവിച്ച പരീക്കുട്ടി മലയാളികളുടെ ഹൃദയത്തിലേക്കാണ്‌ നടന്നു കയറിയത്‌. [[മന്നാഡേ]] ആലപിച്ച ''മാനസമൈനേ വരൂ....'' എന്ന ഗാനം മധുവാണ്‌ പാടിയതെന്നുവരെ ഒരുകാലത്ത് ജനം വിശ്വസിച്ചു''.'' പതിറ്റാണ്ടുകൾക്കു ശേഷവും മധുവിനെ കാണുമ്പോൾ ചെമ്മീനിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളും ഗാനങ്ങളുമാണ്‌ പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനസ്സിൽ ഓടിയെത്തുന്നത്‌. മിമിക്രി താരങ്ങൾ ഈ നടനെ അനുകരിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതും ഇതേ ചിത്രത്തിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളാണ്. പിന്നീട് ഒട്ടേറെ ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ നായക വേഷത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം തിളങ്ങി. [[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം|ഭാർഗവീ നിലയം]], [[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]], [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]], [[ഓളവും തീരവും]], [[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേഥം]], [[തുലാഭാരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തുലാഭാരം]], [[ആഭിജാത്യം]], [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരം]], [[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]], [[തീക്കനൽ]], യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം, നീതിപീഠം, ഇതാ ഇവിടെവരെ തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളിലൂടെ മധു മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ അവിഭാജ്യ ഘടകമായി മാറി. കാലം മാറുന്നതിനൊപ്പം ചെയ്യുന്ന വേഷങ്ങളും മാറാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു മടിയില്ലായിരുന്നു. മുഖ്യധാരാ-സിനിമയിലും സമാന്തര-സിനിമയിലും ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പരകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം സാന്നിദ്ധ്യമറിയിച്ചു. അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ മധു എന്ന നായകനടനെ മനസ്സിൽ കുടിയിരുത്തിയ ആരാധകർ, കുടുംബനാഥനായും മുത്തച്ഛനായും അദ്ദേഹം തിരശ്ശീലയിൽ എത്തിയപ്പോൾ ഇരുകൈകളും നീട്ടി സ്വീകരിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. == അഭിനയത്തിനപ്പുറം == ക്യാമറയ്ക്കു മുന്നിൽ മാത്രം ഒതുങ്ങി നിൽക്കുന്നതായിരുന്നില്ല മധുവിന്റെ ജീവിതം. താരജാഡ തൊട്ടു തീണ്ടാത്ത സ്നേഹബന്ധങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ഉടമയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമ്മാതാവ്‌, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഉടമ, സ്കൂൾ ഉടമ, കർഷകൻ തുടങ്ങിയ റോളുകളിലും തിളങ്ങി. മലയാള സിനിമയെ ചെന്നൈയിൽ നിന്നും കേരളത്തിലേക്ക്‌ പറിച്ചു നടുന്ന കാലഘട്ടത്തിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം‌ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത്‌ വള്ളക്കടവിൽ [[ഉമാ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ]] സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്‌. മറ്റു പല സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾക്കും ഈ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഒരനുഗ്രഹമായി. [[1970|1970ൽ]] പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ [[പ്രിയ(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രിയ]] ആയിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യമായി സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രം. സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്, സതി, നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ, [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], അക്കൽദാമ, കാമ ക്രോധം മോഹം, തീക്കനൽ, ധീര സമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ, ആരാധന, ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ, ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ് എന്നിവയും അദ്ദേഹം സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്.<ref name="test1">[https://m3db.com/madhu/ m3db] മധു</ref> സതി, ആക്കൽദാമ, തീക്കനൽ എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ സൂപ്പർ ഹിറ്റുകളായിരുന്നു. [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], [[സംരംഭം(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്‌ അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ചവ. അദ്ദേഹം തന്നെ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത [[പ്രിയ]], [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] എന്നിവ മികച്ച രണ്ടാമത്തെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡ്‌ നേടിയിരുന്നു. ''ഓമലാളെ കണ്ടൂ ഞാൻ പൂങ്കിനാവിൽ ..... എന്ന'' പ്രശസ്തമായ ഗാനം '''സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്''' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലേതാണ്''.'' == കുടുംബം == പരേതയായ ജയലക്ഷ്മിയാണ് മധുവിന്റെ ഭാര്യ. ഇവർക്ക് ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == * 1980 സംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാരിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക പുരസ്കാരം * 1995 മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള(നിർമാതാവ്‌) അവാർഡ്‌ (മിനി എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന്‌) * 2004 സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനക്കുള്ള ജെ. സി ഡാനിയൽ അവാർഡ്‌ * 2013 പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129060133/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == മധു -ചലച്ചിത്രസംഭാവനകൾ == ====മലയാളം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീതം ഇൻഫൊ|accessdate=2023-10-16|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>==== {|class="wikitable sortable" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! വർഷം !! ചലച്ചിത്രം !! വേഷം !! നിർമ്മാണം!! സംവിധാനം |- |2022|| [[റൺ കല്യാണി]]|| അച്ഛൻ|| || ഗീത ജെ ജയൻ |- |2022||പി.കെ റോസി|| || ഡി ഗോപകുമാർ||ശശി നാടുക്കാട് |- |2021||നീരവം|| ||നസീർ വെളിയിൽ ,സന്തോഷ് തലമുകിൽ || അജയ് ശിവറാം |- |2021||വൺ|| പ്രൊ.വാസുദേവപ്പണിക്കർ||ആർ ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മി ||സന്തോഷ്‌ വിശ്വനാഥൻ |- |2019||മാജിക് മൊമൻറ്സ്|| || || |- |2019 |[[ചിൽഡ്രൻസ് പാർക്ക്]]|| ||രൂപേഷ് ഓമന||ഷാഫി |- |2019 |[[വിശുദ്ധ പുസ്തകം]]|| || രാജേഷ്‌ കളീക്കൽ || ഷാബു ഉസ്മാൻ |- |2019 |[[ഒരു യമണ്ടൻ പ്രേമകഥ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || || |- |2019 |[[വള്ളിക്കെട്ട്]]|| ||സന്തോഷ് നായർ ||ജിബിൻ എടവനക്കാട് |- |2018 |[[വേലക്കാരി ആയി ഇരുന്താലും നീ എൻ മോഹവല്ലി]]|| || ||ഗോവിന്ദ് വരാഹ |- |2018||സ്ഥാനം|| അലക്സാണ്ടർ|| ഔവർ രാജൻ നായർ|| പ്രൊഫ ശിവപ്രസാദ് |- |2018||കണ്ണാടി|| || ||ജി ചന്ദ്രചൂഡൻ |- |2018 |മൈ സ്കൂൾ|| ||പി ജഗദീഷ് കുമാർ || പപ്പൻ പയറ്റുവിള |- |2018 |ഡസ്റ്റ് ബിൻ|| ||മോഹൻദാസ്‌,രേഖ ശ്രീകുമാർ || മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |നെക്സ്റ്റ് ടോക്കൺ നമ്പർ|| || || |- |2017 |വളപ്പൊട്ടുകൾ||വലിയ ഉസ്താദ് || കെ എം പ്രകാശ്,ആർ സി ഡോൺ,അപ്പു ആലിമുക്ക്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |[[ബഷീറിന്റെ പ്രേമലേഖനം]]|| || ||അനീഷ് അൻ വർ |- |2017 |ഏലിയാമ്മച്ചിയുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ ക്രിസ്തുമസ്|| || ||ബന്നി ആശംസ |- |2017 |വേദം|| ||സാംസൺ വിശ്വനാഥ് || പ്രസാദ് യാദവ് |- |2017 |സ്വയം||ശങ്കരൻ വൈദ്യർ ||വിനോദ് ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || ആർ ശരത് |- |2016 |[[സെലിബ്രേഷൻസ്]]|| || ഷേർളി കുര്യൻ ||മഞ്ജിത് ദിവാകർ |- |2015 |ഞാൻ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യും|| ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |2015 || [[ആശംസകളോടെ അന്ന]]||ആഭ്യന്തരമന്ത്രി പുന്നക്കാടൻ ||ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ജെ ഫോൻസെക || സംഗീത് ലൂയിസ് |- |2015 || [[കുക്കിലിയാർ]]|| പ്രൊ.ഭാസ്ക്രരൻ||പ്രേംജി || നേമം പുഷ്പരാജ് |- |2015 || [[സിനിമ @പി.ഡബ്ലിയു ഡി ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസ്]]|| ||അശോക് കുമാർ || വി വി സന്തോഷ് |- |2015||[[കിഡ്നി ബിരിയാണി]]|| || റിയാസ് പാടിവട്ടം,ഇ എ ബഷീർ,അജിത് ബിനോയ്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2015||[[സാമ്രാജ്യം II: സൺ ഓഫ് അലക്സാണ്ടർ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || അജ്മൽ ഹസ്സൻ,ബൈജു ആദിത്യൻ|| പേരരശ് |- |2015 || [[അമ്മയ്ക്കൊരു താരാട്ട്]] || കവി ജോസഫ് പുഷ്പവനം ||റോയ് ജോൺ മാത്യു|| ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി |- |2015 || [[തിലോത്തമ]]|| || ഗോകുലം ഗോപാലൻ|| പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2015 || [[ഉത്തര ചെമ്മീൻ]]|| || ഹരിദാസ് ഹൈദ്രബാദ്,അൻ‌വിത ഹരി|| ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[ഡോൾഫിൻസ്]]|| അച്ചൻ കുട്ടിച്ചൻ|| അരുൺകുമാർ,സുദീപ് കാരാട്ട്|| ദീപൻ |- |2014 || [[ജോൺപോൾ വാതിൽ തുറക്കുന്നു]]||കോര ||അർജ്ജുൻ മോഹൻ || ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |2014 || [[സ്നേഹമുള്ളോരാൾ കൂടെയുള്ളപ്പോൾ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || അനിൽ കൊച്ചിടക്കാട്ട് || റിജു നായർ |- |2014 || [[എട്ടേക്കാൽ സെക്കന്റ്]]|| മേനോൻ|| സന്തോഷ് ബാബുസേനൻ|| കനകരാഘവൻ |- |2014 || [[രക്തരക്ഷസ്സ് 3ഡി]]|| ||ത്രീ ഡി റീംസ് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ || ആർ ഫാക്ടർ |- |2014 || [[ലിറ്റിൽ സൂപ്പർമാൻ]]||അച്ഛൻ || വിനയൻ ,വി എൻ ബാബു|| വിനയൻ |- |2014 || [[പറയാൻ ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്]]|| || അബ്ബാസ് മലയിൽ || കരീം |- |2014 || [[നെലുമ്പൂ]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ഇനിയും എത്രദൂരം]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ദൈവത്തിന്റെ കയ്യൊപ്പ്]]|| ||പ്രഭാകരൻ നറുകര || ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[മൈലാഞ്ചിമൊഞ്ചുള്ള വീട്]]||സോയാ സാഹിബ് ||ഹനീഫ് മുഹമ്മദ്‌ || ബെന്നി തോമസ്‌ |- |2013 || [[72 മോഡൽ]] || കുട്ടൻപിള്ള||ജെ ശരത്ചന്ദ്രൻ നായർ || [[രാജസേനൻ]] |- |2013 || [[മഹാത്മ അയ്യങ്കാളി]] ||ഊട്ടത്ത് പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള || പരമൻ,ഷബീർ ||സൂര്യദേവ |- |2013 || [[മാണിക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടിയും ക്രിസ്തുമസ് കാരോളും]] ||പത്രോസ് || സച്ചിൻ ശ്രീധർ || ടി എം റാഫി,ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2013 || [[ഗീതാഞ്ജലി (2013 മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗീതാഞ്ജലി]] ||ബേബിച്ചൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[പ്രിയദർശൻ]] |- |2013 || [[പ്രതീക്ഷയോടെ]] || ||ശോഭന ജോർജ്ജ് ||സ്നോബ |- |2013 || [[അനാവൃതയായ കാപാലിക]] || ||മധുസൂദനൻ മാവേലിക്കര ||പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2013 || [[വൈറ്റ്‌ പേപ്പർ]] ||മനോരോഗജ്ഞൻ ||ജോൺസൺ ജോസഫ് ||[[രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ മംഗലത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[മഴവില്ലിനറ്റം വരെ]] || || എ മുകുന്ദൻ|| [[കൈതപ്രം ദാമോദരൻ|കൈതപ്രം]] |- |2012 || [[സ്പിരിറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്പിരിറ്റ്]] ||ക്യാപ്റ്റൻ നമ്പ്യാർ ||[[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]] || [[രഞ്ജിത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[പ്രഭുവിന്റെ മക്കൾ]] || ||സന്തോഷ് ബാലൻ,സിന്ധു ||സജീവൻ അന്തിക്കാട് |- |2011 || [[ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15]] ||ഡോ.ജോൺ || [[എം. മണി]]|| [[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |2011 || [[ഉമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മ]] || ||കെ കെ സുരേഷ് ചന്ദ്രൻ || വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2011 || [[നായിക]]|| || തോമസ് ബെഞ്ചമിൻ|| [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |2011 || [[ലക്കി ജോക്കേഴ്സ്]]||വലിയതമ്പുരാൻ ||ഡി രമേഷ് ബാബു || സുനിൽ |- |2010 || [[ചിത്രക്കുഴൽ]] ||ചാരുവിന്റെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||ധിരുഭായ് ചൌഹാൻ ||മജീദ് ഗുലിസ്ഥാൻ |- |2010 || [[സഹസ്രം]] ||മന്ത്രി ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ || സുരേന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള||ഡോ എസ് ജനാർദ്ദനൻ |- |2010 || [[കാര്യസ്ഥൻ]] ||കിഴക്കേടത്ത് കൃഷ്ണവാരിയർ ||നീത ആന്റോ ||തോംസൺ |- |2010 || [[പത്താം അദ്ധ്യായം]]|| ആനന്ദവർമ്മ|| എ കെ ഷെയ്ക് നാസർ || പി കെ രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2009 || [[പെരുമാൾ]]||മത്തായി ||തിരുനക്കര ഫിലിംസ് ||പ്രസാദ് വാളച്ചേരി |- |2009 || [[പാസഞ്ചർ ]]||ടി.വി ചാനൽ ചെയർമാൻ || എസ്‌ സി പിള്ള||രഞ്ജിത്ത് ശങ്കർ |- |2008 || റോബോ ||മാധവൻ || ||ഡോ.ആർ പ്രസന്നകുമാർ |- |2008 || [[ബ്രഹ്മാസ്ത്രം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബ്രഹ്‌മാസ്‌ത്രം]]||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി ||വി സോമനാഥൻ,അമ്പിളി നെടുംകുന്നം ||വി സോമനാഥൻ |- |2008 || [[മാടമ്പി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാടമ്പി]]||ജഡ്ജി ||ബി സി ജോഷി ||[[ബി. ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |2008 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||തങ്ങൾ || ചാനൽ എന്റർപ്രൈസസ്||എം എ നിഷാദ്‌ |- |2008 ||[[കനൽക്കണ്ണാടി ]] ||സിദ്ധാർത്ഥമേനോൻ ||മധു കല്ലയം || എ കെ ജയൻ പൊതുവാൾ |- |2008 || [[ട്വന്റി20 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|റ്റ്വന്റി:20]] || വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ|| അനൂപ്|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2007 || [[പന്തയക്കോഴി]]||അബ്ദു റാവുത്തർ || [[ലാൽ]]|| [[എം എ വേണു]] |- |2007||[[ഹലോ]] ||ബഡാ ഭായ് || ജോയ് തോമസ് ശക്തികുളങ്ങര|| [[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2007||[[ബാല്യം |ബാല്യം]] || ||എസ് തങ്കപ്പൻ ||ജോസ് നെട്ടയം |- |2006 ||[[രാവണൻ]] ||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി || എം മണി|| ജോജോ വർഗ്ഗീസ് |- |2006 || [[രാഷ്ട്രം]] ||മാളിയേക്കൽ ഔസേപ്പച്ചൻ ||സി കരുണാകരൻ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2005 || [[തസ്കരവീരൻ (2005ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തസ്കരവീരൻ]]|| അറക്കളം പൈലി||വിന്ധ്യൻ,ദിനൻ || [[പ്രമോദ് പപ്പൻ]] |- |2005 || [[നരൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നരൻ]] ||വലിയ നമ്പ്യാർ || [[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]]|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2005 ||[[ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ]]||ഗോവിന്ദമേനോൻ ||മിലൻ ജലീൽ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2004 || [[ചതിക്കാത്ത ചന്തു]] ||വസുമതിയുടെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||[[ലാൽ]] ||[[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2001 ||[[ഷാർജാ ടു ഷാർജാ]] || ജസ്റ്റിസ് വിശ്വനാഥകർത്ത|| മോഹൻ കാർത്തിക|| വേണു ഗോപൻ |- |1999 ||[[ഏഴുപുന്നതരകൻ]] ||എഴുപുന്ന ഔത തരകൻ || പി ജോർജ്ജ് ജോസഫ്|| [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[ഒന്നാംവട്ടം കണ്ടപ്പോൾ]] ||പ്രഭാകരവർമ്മ || കെ എൽ ജോൺ||[[കെ.കെ. ഹരിദാസ്]] |- |1999 ||[[ഗർഷോം ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി മാഷ് ||ജയപാലമേനോൻ ||[[പി.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമുഹമ്മദ്]] |- |1999 ||[[പ്രണയനിലാവ്]] || തങ്ങൾ|| [[മിലൻ ജലീൽ]]||[[വിനയൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[സ്റ്റാലിൻ ശിവദാസ്‌]] || സഖാവ് കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ|| [[ദിനേഷ് പണിക്കർ]] ||[[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1998 ||[[ഹർത്താൽ]] ||ഇമാം തങ്ങളുപ്പാപ്പ || വെങ്കിടേശ്വര ഫിലിംസ്||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് |- |1998 ||[[ആഘോഷം]] ||ഗീ വർഗീസ് പുന്നൂക്കാരൻ ||ഗോൾഡൻ മൂവീ മേക്കേഴ്സ് ||[[ടി എസ് സജി]] |- |1998 ||[[സമാന്തരങ്ങൾ]] ||മന്ത്രി ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1997 ||[[വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട് ]] || പകലോമറ്റം ഇട്ടി|| ജോകുട്ടൻ|| ഐ വി ശശി |- |1997 ||[[ദി ഗുഡ്‌ ബോയ്സ്‌]] ||പ്രതാപവർമ ||മാക് അലി || കെ പി സുനിൽ |- |1997 ||[[മോക്ഷം]] || ||കെ പി വേണു || ബേപ്പൂർ മണി |- |1996 ||[[ടൈം ബോംബ്‌]] || ||ലിയോൺ കംബയിൻസ് || വിശ്വം |- |1995 || [[സമുദായം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമുദായം]] || ഇബ്രാഹിം മൂപ്പൻ||പ്രേമകുമാർ മാരാത്ത് || [[അമ്പിളി]] |- |1995 || [[പ്രായിക്കര പാപ്പാൻ]] ||ശങ്കുണ്ണി (വലിയപാപ്പാൻ) ||എസ് കെ ഭദ്ര || [[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1995 || [[സിംഹവാലൻ മേനോൻ]] ||മേനോൻ ||കിളിമാനൂർ ചന്ദ്രൻ || [[വിജി തമ്പി]] |- |1995 || [[മുൻപേ പറക്കുന്ന പക്ഷി]] || || || തേവലക്കര ചെല്ലപ്പൻ |- |1994 || [[മലപ്പുറം ഹാജി മഹാനായ ജോജി]]|| ഹാജിയാർ||ബാബു തോമസ്‌ ,മജീദ് || [[തുളസീദാസ് (സംവിധായകൻ)|തുളസിദാസ്]] |- |1994 || [[വരണമാല്യം |വരണമാല്യം]]||വർമ്മ ||പിസി അബ്രഹാം || വിജയ് പി നായർ |- |1994 || [[ഗോത്രം]]||കേശവൻ മാസ്റ്റർ ||സെവെൻ ബ്യൂട്ടി ഫിലിംസ് || സുരേഷ് രാജ് |- |1994 || [[മാന്ത്രികന്റെ പ്രാവുകൾ]]||വാസുദേവൻ || കെ സദഗോപൻ|| വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1993 || [[തലമുറ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തലമുറ]]||മുണ്ടക്കൽ മാർക്കോസ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[കെ. മധു]] |- |1993 || [[ഒറ്റയടിപ്പാതകൾ]]||ഭാസ്കരമേനോൻ ||വിൻസന്റ് ചിറ്റിലപ്പള്ളി || [[സി. രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1993 || [[യാദവം ]]||വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ ||പി നന്ദകുമാർ,ഗീതാഞ്ജലി നന്ദകുമാർ || ജോമോൻ |- |1993 || [[ആയിരപ്പറ ]]||പാപ്പി ||മാക് അലി ,അശോകൻ ||[[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1993 || [[ഏകലവ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏകലവ്യൻ]]||ശ്രീധരൻ || [[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]]||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1993 || [[അഭയം]]|| ||എൻ എഫ് ഡി സി ||ശിവൻ |- |1992 ||[[കുടുംബസമേതം]]||രാഘവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |1992 ||[[ശബരിമലയിൽ തങ്കസൂര്യോദയം]]||ശങ്കരപ്പിള്ള || കുപ്പുസ്വാമി||[[കെ.ശങ്കർ]] |- |1992 || [[ചമ്പക്കുളം തച്ചൻ]]|| മൂത്താശാരി||വി പി മാധവൻ നായർ || [[കമൽ]] |- |1992 || [[കുഞ്ഞിക്കുരുവി]]|| ||വസന്താ ഫിലിംസ് || [[വിനയൻ]] |- |1990 || [[സാമ്രാജ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സാമ്രാജ്യം]]||ഐ.ജി ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ || [[ജോമോൻ]] |- |1990 || [[ലാൽസലാം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലാൽ സലാം]]||മേടയിൽ ഇട്ടിച്ചൻ ||കെ ആർ ഗംഗാധരൻ || [[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1990 || [[വീണ മീട്ടിയ വിലങ്ങുകൾ]]||വേലപ്പൻ ||മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ || [[കൊച്ചിൻ ഹനീഫ]] |- |1990 || [[അമ്മയുടെ സ്വന്തം കുഞ്ഞുമേരി]]||ഫാ.ഫ്രാൻസിസ് || || |- |1990 ||[[നമ്മുടെ നാട് |നമ്മുടെ നാട്]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||പി വി ആർ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ || കെ സുകു |- |1989 ||[[നാടുവാഴികൾ]]||അനന്തൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1989 ||[[ദേവദാസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവദാസ്]] ||ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ ||പൊന്നമ്പലം സേതുനാഥ്,എം സാമുവൽ || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1989 ||[[മുദ്ര (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുദ്ര]] ||ഐ.സി ജോസഫ് ചാക്കോ || || |- |1989 ||[[ജാതകം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജാതകം]] ||പ്രൊഫ.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ || മീരാ ഫിലിം ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ|| [[സുരേഷ് ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ചാണക്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചാണക്യൻ]] || ഐ.ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണപ്പണിക്കർ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] ||[[ടി.കെ. രാജീവ് കുമാർ]] |- |1989 ||[[ഒരു സായാഹ്നത്തിന്റെ സ്വപ്നം]] ||ബ്രിഗേഡിയർ ആർ.കെ മേനോൻ || അഗസ്റ്റിൻ ഇലഞ്ഞിപ്പള്ളി|| [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ന്യൂസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ന്യൂസ്]] ||സുരേന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||ജി സുരേഷ് കുമാർ ||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1988 ||[[സൈമൺ പീറ്റർ നിനക്കുവേണ്ടി]]|| കേശവദാസ്||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]],[[കെ.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമോൻ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[1921 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|1921]]||ആലി മുസല്യാർ || മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1988 ||[[അപരൻ ]]||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[പി. പത്മരാജൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[വിറ്റ്നസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വിറ്റ്നസ്]]||അഡ്വ.മാധവൻ തമ്പി || പ്രിയങ്ക ഫിലിംസ്|| [[വിജി തമ്പി ]] |- |1988 ||[[ഊഴം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഊഴം]]||ഗാന്ധിയൻ കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ ||എം ചന്ദ്രിക || [[ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1987 ||[[ഇത്രയും കാലം]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1987 ||[[അതിർത്തികൾ ]] ||മേജർ മുകുന്ദൻ ||എം.ടി.പി പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1986 ||[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] ||കേശവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||[[പി കെ ആർ പിള്ള]] || [[മധു]] |- |1986 ||[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] ||എ ആർ കെ മേനോൻ || [[മധു]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1985 ||[[ഒറ്റയാൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || || ||എൻ കേശവൻ നായർ ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി |- |1985 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ ഒരിടത്ത്]] ||മൊയ്തു ||ഫിലിപ്പ് റെമണ്ട് || [[ജേസി ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഇവിടെ ഈ തീരത്ത്]] ||പ്രൊഫ.തമ്പി ||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[അയനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അയനം]] ||ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||ശിവൻ കുന്നമ്പിള്ളി || [[ഹരികുമാർ|ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഗുരുജി ഒരു വാക്ക്]] ||ഗുരുജി || ഗജരാജാ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[രാജൻ ശങ്കരാടി]] |- |1985 ||[[കഥ ഇതുവരെ]] || മേജർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ||[[ജോയ് തോമസ്]] || [[ജോഷി]] |- |1985 ||[[ജനകീയ കോടതി |ജനകീയകോടതി]] ||ഗോപി || [[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[ഹസ്സൻ |ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[പച്ച വെളിച്ചം|പച്ചവെളിച്ചം]]||മേജർ നായർ ||[[എം. മണി]] ||[[എം. മണി]] |- |1985 ||[[വെള്ളം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളം]] || മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി|| [[ദേവൻ (നടൻ)|ദേവൻ]]|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[കണ്ണാരം പൊത്തി പൊത്തി]]|| പ്രൊസിക്യൂട്ടർ കരുണാകരൻ||[[കെ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]] || [[ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ചക്കരയുമ്മ]] ||മാത്യൂസ് || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[സാജൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|സാജൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[അറിയാത്ത വീഥികൾ ]] ||ജഡ്ജ് ജഗന്നാഥൻ ||[[രാജു മാത്യു]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[തിരക്കിൽ അല്പ സമയം]] ||കാദർ ഹാജി ||വിജയ & വിജയ || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇടവേളയ്ക്കുശേഷം]] ||ജഡ്ജ് രാജശേഖരൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[മനസ്സേ നിനക്കു മംഗളം]] ||അഡ്വ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[ലക്ഷ്മി (നടി)|ലക്ഷ്മി]]|| [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1984 ||[[അലകടലിനക്കരെ]] || ബാലു എസ് ദാസ്|| [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[കുരിശുയുദ്ധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കുരിശുയുദ്ധം]] || മാത്യു ചെറിയാച്ചൻ|| സി രാധാമണി || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1984 ||[[ആറ്റുവഞ്ചി ഉലഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ]]||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഭദ്രൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇത്തിരിപ്പൂവേ ചുവന്നപൂവേ]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||[[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]] || [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ആരോരുമറിയാതെ]]||പ്രൊഫ്. പണിക്കർ || റോസമ്മ ജോർജ്|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ജീവിതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജീവിതം]]||രാജൻ മേനോൻ ||കെ ബാലാജി || കെ വിജയൻ |- |1984 ||[[ഒരു പൈങ്കിളിക്കഥ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി || വരദ ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[മോർച്ചറി]] ||സി കൃഷ്ണദാസ് || പുഷ്പരാജൻ|| [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പിൻനിലാവ്]]||കേശവപ്പണിക്കർ ||സെഞ്ച്വറി || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[നാണയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നാണയം]]|| വിശ്വനാഥൻ മുതലാളി|| സി എസ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1983 ||[[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||മമ്മദ് കുട്ടി || [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[എന്നെ ഞാൻ തേടുന്നു]]||മാധവമേനോൻ/ഗോപിനാഥമേനോൻ || പി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ്]]||ഡി.വൈ.എസ് പി ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[അങ്കം]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ലോറൻസ് || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[ബന്ധം]] ||വാസു ||മോഹൻ ശർമ്മ|| [[വിജയാനന്ദ് ]] |- |1983 ||[[പാലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം) |പാലം]] ||കോണ്ട്രാക്ടർ കുമാരൻ || എം ഹസ്സൻ ,സൈനബ് ഹസ്സൻ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1983||[[ആധിപത്യം]] ||സുലൈമാൻ ||സൌപർണ്ണിക ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1983||[[ആന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആന]]||ജബ്ബാർ || [[ടി.പി. മാധവൻ]],[[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[യുദ്ധം]] ||രാമു || [[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[അറബിക്കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അറബിക്കടൽ]] || സേവ്യർ മുതലാളി||അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ ||[[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[സംരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] ||വാസു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പാസ്പോർട്ട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പാസ്പോർട്ട് ]] ||ബാലൻ ||പുഷ്പരാജൻ || [[തമ്പി കണ്ണന്താനം ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||സത്യപാലൻ ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[പടയോട്ടം ]] ||ദേവരാജരാജൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || ജിജോ പുന്നൂസ് |- |1982 ||[[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]] ||മാധവൻകുട്ടി മേനോൻ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരംഭം]]|| മൊയ്തു||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1982 ||[[കർത്തവ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കർത്തവ്യം]]||മേജർ രാംകുമാർ || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[ജോഷി ]] |- |1981 ||[[കാട്ടുപോത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്ടുപോത്ത്]] || ||യുണൈറ്റഡ് ആർട്ട്സ് || [[പി ഗോപികുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]] ||സ്കൂൾ മാനേജർ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1981 ||[[ഇര തേടുന്ന മനുഷ്യർ]] || ജമാൽ|| ഒ അബ്ദുൾ ഹമീദ് ആന്റ് ബ്രദേഴ്സ്|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1981 ||[[ദന്തഗോപുരം]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ || രഞ്ജിത് ഫിലിംസ്|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[പിന്നെയും പൂക്കുന്ന കാട്]] ||അരവിന്ദൻ ||[[എം. മണി]] || ശ്രീനി കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ |- |1981 ||[[രക്തം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രക്തം]] ||വിശ്വൻ || അപ്പച്ചൻ (വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്)|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1981 ||[[താറാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|താറാവ്]] ||ചേന്നൻ || എൻ കെ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ,എൻ പ്രേംകുമാർ|| [[ജേസി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി]] || പ്രഭാകരമേനോൻ||[[മധു]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1981 ||[[കോളിളക്കം]] ||പ്രഭാകരൻ ||സി വി ഹരിഹരൻ || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1981 ||[[സംഭവം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംഭവം]]||മത്തായി ||മജീന്ദ്രൻ,ബാബു തോമസ്‌ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അരിക്കാരി അമ്മു]] ||അപ്പുക്കുട്ടൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ജെ ശശികുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ആക്രമണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആക്രമണം]]|| വർഗീസ്|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി]]||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ ഷാജി || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1980 ||[[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]] ||വർമ്മാജി ||[[മധു]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[അമ്പലവിളക്ക്]] ||ഗോപി || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[ഇതിലെ വന്നവർ|ഇതിലേ വന്നവർ]]||രാജശേഖരൻ, എസ് ഐ രാജൻ(ഇരട്ടവേഷം) ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[അകലങ്ങളിൽ അഭയം]] ||അഡ്വ. രഘുരാമൻ ||ജോയ് കുര്യാ‍ക്കോസ്,സി ചാക്കോ || [[ജേസി]] |- |1980 ||[[തീക്കടൽ]] ||ഡോ.ദിവാകരൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || [[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[സ്വന്തം എന്ന പദം]] ||കൃഷ്ണകുമാർ || [[പി കെ കൈമൾ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[മുത്തുച്ചിപ്പികൾ]] || ഗോപി|| സി ദാസ്|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[രജനീഗന്ധി]] ||ഗോപിനാഥ് ||എൻ ജി ജോൺ || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1980|| [[ദീപം (സിനിമ)|ദീപം]]||വർമ്മ || രഞ്ജി മാത്യു|| [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മീൻ]] ||കുര്യാക്കോസ് || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[കൃഷ്ണപ്പരുന്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൃഷ്ണപരുന്ത്]] ||വക്കീൽ ||ബാബു ജോർജ് || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1979 ||[[പുഷ്യരാഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുഷ്യരാഗം]] ||ഡോക്ടർ || അബ്ബാസ്,വി വി ആന്റണി|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[കതിർമണ്ഡപം]] ||ചാർളി ||എം ഹസ്സൻ ,അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ || കെ പി പിള്ള |-] |1979 ||[[അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം]] ||സബ് ഇൻസ്പെകർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പതിവ്രത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പതിവ്രത]] ||ബാലു || മേഘാലയ ഫിലിംസ്|| എം എസ് ചക്രവർത്തി |- |1979 ||[[ഇടവഴിയിലെ പൂച്ച മിണ്ടാപ്പൂച്ച]] || ഡോ.രാജ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[സിംഹാസനം (1979ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിംഹാസനം]] ||ഗോപാലൻ/രാമു ||[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1979 ||[[അനുഭവങ്ങളേ നന്ദി]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||പൂർണ്ണശ്രീ ആർട്ട്സ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[ഹൃദയത്തിന്റെ നിറങ്ങൾ]] || ബാലു|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1979 || [[കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ട് നീലി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ടു നീലി]] ||ഹേമചന്ദ്രൻ || [[എം. മണി|എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ജീവിതം ഒരു ഗാനം]]||മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി ||എം ആർ സിനി ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1979 ||[[ശുദ്ധികലശം]] || വിജയകുമാർ|| [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പ്രതീക്ഷ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രതീക്ഷ]]||ആർ.കെ നായർ ||വിജയ് കുമാർ || ,ശ്രീകുമാർ ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |1979 ||[[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[കായലും കയറും]] || ചെല്ലപ്പൻ|| എം എസ് ശിവസ്വാമി,ബാലഗംഗാധര തിലകൻ,പി ടി ശ്രീനിവാസൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[മനുഷ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ |- |1979 ||[[ഇനിയെത്ര സന്ധ്യകൾ]] || തോമസ്|| പാറശ്ശാല ദിവാകരൻ,മുല്ലശ്ശേരി മുകുന്ദൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1979 ||[[എനിക്കു ഞാൻ സ്വന്തം]] || വാസു|| [[എം മണി]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ഒരു രാഗം പല താളം]] ||വിനോദ് ||ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌ ,[[ശ്രീവിദ്യ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[വേനലിൽ ഒരു മഴ]] ||വാസു || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1978 ||[[അവർ ജീവിക്കുന്നു]]||കുമാർ || ആർ ദേവരാജൻ ||[[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാണെന്റെ വഴി]]||ഡോ.വിജയൻ/ഭാർഗ്ഗവൻ ||പരിമല പിക്ചേര്സ് || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉത്രാട രാത്രി]]||വക്കീൽ || എൽ രാജലക്ഷ്മികുഞ്ഞമ്മ|| [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[നാലുമണിപ്പൂക്കൾ ]]||ജോയി മുതലാളി ||[[ടി ആർ ശ്രീനിവാസൻ ]] || [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സീമന്തിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സീമന്തിനി]]||സാം മാത്യു ||[[എൻ ശരത്കുമാർ ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[രണ്ടു പെൺകുട്ടികൾ]]||ഡോ.മാധവൻ നായർ ||[[എൻ സി മേനോൻ]],[[ഗോപികൃഷ്ണൻ]] || [[എം മോഹൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ മുഖങ്ങൾ]]||ദേവദാസ് ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സൊസൈറ്റി ലേഡി ]]|| ശ്രീധരൻ||[[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1978 ||[[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]|| ബാബു|| [[മധു]],[[എം മണി]]|| [[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അഗ്നി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നി]]||സുലൈമാൻ || [[പി‌എംകെ ബാപ്പു]],[[ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||ഡോ.ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[റൗഡി രാമു]] ||രാമു || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 || [[ഈ മനോഹര തീരം]] || സുകുമാരൻ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ|| എ ജെ കുരിയാക്കോസ്|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹിക്കാൻ സമയമില്ല]]||രാജൻ ||ശ്രീകാന്ത് || [[വിജയാനന്ദ്]] |- |1978 ||[[വാടകയ്ക്ക് ഒരു ഹൃദയം]] ||സദാശിവൻ പിള്ള || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ജലതരംഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ബീന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബീന]] ||ശ്രീനിവാസ് ||തൃക്കുന്നപ്പുഴ വിജയകുമാർ || [[കെ. നാരായണൻ (ചിത്രസംയോജകൻ)|കെ നാരായണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഞാൻ ഞാൻ മാത്രം]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള ||[[എം ഓ ജോസഫ്]] || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[കന്യക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കന്യക]]||ശ്രീകുമാർ || പി എസ് നായർ|| [[ജെ.ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാ ഒരു മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||മധുസൂദനൻ തമ്പി ||ഹേംനാഗ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഈറ്റ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഈറ്റ]]|| വറൂതുണ്ണി|| ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉറക്കം വരാത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ജയൻ || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ആരാധന]] ||ആനന്ദ് ||ടി സത്യദേവി || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[ആ നിമിഷം]] || പ്രഭാകരൻ||ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[കാവിലമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാവിലമ്മ]] ||ഡോ.ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||ഖാദർ,ഖലം || [[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[സരിത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സരിത]] ||വില്യംസ് ||സുവർണ രേഖ || പി പി ഗോവിന്ദൻ |- |1977 ||[[നുരയും പതയും ]] ||കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] || [[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1977 ||[[അകലെ ആകാശം ]] ||രവീന്ദ്രൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[വിടരുന്ന മൊട്ടുകൾ]] ||ഹെഡ്മാസ്റ്റർ സത്യശീലൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[റൗഡി രാജമ്മ]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ശങ്കർ|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[അപരാധി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അപരാധി]] || ജയചന്ദ്രൻ||[[എസ് പാവമണി]] || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1977 ||[[യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം]] ||പ്രസാദ് ||അഷ്‌റഫ് ഫിലിംസ് || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി ]] |- |1977 ||[[ഇതാ ഇവിടെ വരെ]] ||പള്ളി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[ശാന്ത ഒരു ദേവത]] ||രാജൻ ||[[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]],ശാരദ കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] || മോഹൻ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[നീതിപീഠം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നീതിപീഠം]] ||പീറ്റർ/ശങ്കരൻ ||[[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1977 ||[[പൂജയ്ക്കെടുക്കാത്ത പൂക്കൾ]]||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]],[[പ്രേം നവാസ്]] ||[[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[മുത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുത്ത്]] ||തങ്കപ്പൻ || ഡോ തോമസ് മാത്യു|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |- |1976 ||[[മാനസവീണ]] ||രവി ||ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മിഗണേഷ് പിക്ചേർസ് || ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1976 ||[[അമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്മ]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ തമ്പി ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[സമസ്യ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || ശങ്കരവാര്യർ|| കലാരത്നം|| കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1976 || [[കന്യാദാനം]]||ജഗദീശ് ||സി സി ബേബി || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[തെമ്മാടി വേലപ്പൻ]] ||രാഘവൻ ||ജി പി ബാലൻ || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[യക്ഷഗാനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യക്ഷഗാനം]] ||രവി ||മതിഒളി ഷണ്മുഖം || [[ഷീല]] |- |1976 ||[[തീക്കനൽ]] ||വിനോദ് || ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌|| [[മധു ]] |- |1976 ||[[ഹൃദയം ഒരു ക്ഷേത്രം]]||ഡോ.രമേഷ് ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 ||[[സിന്ധു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ധു]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || ആർ സോമനാഥൻ|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 || [[സമ്മാനം (1975-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമ്മാനം]] ||രഘു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം]] ||രാഘവൻ ||പി‌എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ]] ||അതിഥിതാരം || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 || [[ഓമനക്കുഞ്ഞ് ]] ||രാമു ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1975 ||[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] ||ഫെർണാണ്ടസ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1975 ||[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]] ||വിൻസെന്റ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1974||[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||മാർത്താണ്ഡൻ തമ്പി || [[മധു]]||[[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ ]]||കുഞ്ഞുരാമൻ ||കെ പി എ സി ഫിലിംസ് || [[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[ഭൂമീദേവി പുഷ്പിണിയായി]]||ജഗദീശ് || പികെ കൈമൾ|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[ഒരു പിടി അരി ]]||ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ നായർ || ടി മോഹൻ|| [[പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[യൗവനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യൗവനം]]|| മോഹൻ||[[പി. സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[ബാബു നന്തൻകോട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചുക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചുക്ക്]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[സൗന്ദര്യപൂജ ]] ||രാജൻ||അജയചിത്ര || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചെണ്ട (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെണ്ട]] ||അപ്പു || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[ഏണിപ്പടികൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏണിപ്പടികൾ]] ||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[കാമ്പിശ്ശേരി കരുണാകരൻ]] || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[പോലീസ് അറിയരുത്]] ||ജയിംസ് ||എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ || എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ |- |1973 ||[[നഖങ്ങൾ (1973-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നഖങ്ങൾ]]||ശങ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[സ്വപ്നം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വപ്നം]] ||വിശ്വം || ശിവൻ|| ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1973 ||[[സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി |സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി]] ||ബാബു || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973||[[മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ]]||കാർത്തികേയൻ ||കടക്കാവൂർ തങ്കപ്പൻ || ബേബി,ഋഷി |- |1973 ||[[മഴക്കാറ്]]||പ്രഭാകരൻ || [[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]]|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[തിരുവാഭരണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിരുവാഭരണം]] ||രാഘവൻ || [[ഇ. കെ. ത്യാഗരാജൻ]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973 ||[[യാമിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യാമിനി]] ||ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[കെ സി ജോയ്]],[[എം എസ് ജോസഫ്]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1973 || [[മാധവിക്കുട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാധവിക്കുട്ടി]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ |ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി|തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[തെക്കൻ കാറ്റ്]] ||ബാബു|| [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973||[[കാട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്]]||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973 ||[[ഉദയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉദയം]]||രാജശേഖരൻ || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[ദിവ്യദർശനം]] ||വേണു || ഭാരതിമേനോൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്വയംവരം]] ||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || ചിത്രലേഖ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[ലക്ഷ്യം]] ||ശശി ||ജിപ്‌സൺ || ജിപ്‌സൺ |- |1972 ||[[ദേവി (മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവി]] || ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ. എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[അഴിമുഖം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഴിമുഖം]] ||ഹംസ || കൃഷ്ണൻകുട്ടി , പി വിജയൻ|| [[പി വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുള്ളിമാൻ (1972-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുള്ളിമാൻ]] ||ദേവയ്യൻ ||പൊന്നപ്പൻ ഇ ||എൻ ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1972 ||[[പ്രീതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രീതി]] ||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് ||കെ കെ എസ് കൈമൾ || [[വില്യം തോമസ്]] |- |1972 ||[[തീർത്ഥയാത്ര]] ||രാജഗോപാൽ || [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[എ. വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1972||[[ആറടി മണ്ണിന്റെ ജന്മി]]|| പ്രസാദ്||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]] ||ഗോവിന്ദൻ നായർ || [[മധു]] ||[[മധു]] |- |1972 ||[[ഇനി ഒരു ജന്മം തരൂ]] ||രഘു || അമ്മ പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ്|| [[കെ വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മനുഷ്യബന്ധങ്ങൾ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||കാർത്തിക ഫിലിംസ് || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുത്രകാമേഷ്ടി]] || കേശവൻ നായർ/കരുണാകരൻ ഐ.പി എസ്|| പി എസ് ചെട്ടി,പി അപ്പു നായർ|| [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[ചെമ്പരത്തി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്പരത്തി]] ||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]] || [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പണിമുടക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പണിമുടക്ക്]] ||കേശവൻ ||[[ പി എൻ മേനോൻ]],എം‌ ബി പിഷാരടി|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 || [[വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളേ ഇതിലേ ഇതിലേ]] || || മിന്നൽ|| [[ജോൺ ഏബ്രഹാം]] |- |1972 || [[നാടൻ പ്രേമം]] ||ഇക്കോരൻ ||എൻ വിശ്വേശ്വരയ്യ,പി‌ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1972||[[ഗന്ധർവ്വക്ഷേത്രം]]||സതീശൻ ||[[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴി തുറക്കു|സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴിതുറക്കൂ]]||കൃഷ്ണൻ നമ്പൂതിരി ||സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി ]] || കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി|| യുണൈറ്റഡ് പ്രൊഡ്യൂസേഴ്സ്|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1971 || [[കരകാണാക്കടൽ]] ||കറിയ || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 || [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] ||കേശവൻ || [[യൂസഫലി കേച്ചേരി]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1971 ||[[ലൈൻ ബസ്സ്]] ||ഗോപി ||സി സി ബേബി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[മൂന്നു പൂക്കൾ]] ||വേണുഗോപാൽ || സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ജലകന്യക ]] ||മാധവൻ ||കലാലയ ഫിലിംസ് || [[എം.എസ്. മണി]] |- |1971 ||[[ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് ]] ||ശ്രീധരൻ ||കെ എസ് ആർ മൂർത്തി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[പ്രതിസന്ധി (ഹ്രസ്വചിത്രം)|പ്രതിസന്ധി]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് || || [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ശരശയ്യ]] || ഡോ. ഹരീന്ദ്രനാഥ്|| പിവി സത്യം,മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്)|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1971 ||[[വിലയ്ക്കുവാങ്ങിയ വീണ]] ||വേണു || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[ബോബനും മോളിയും (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബോബനും മോളിയും]] ||ബാലൻ ||രവി ഏബ്രഹാം || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1971 ||[[ആഭിജാത്യം]] || മാധവൻ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1971 ||[[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]] || മായൻ|| താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[കൊച്ചനിയത്തി]] ||രാജു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1971 ||[[വിത്തുകൾ]] || ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ||ആരാധന മൂവീസ് || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[ഭീകര നിമിഷങ്ങൾ]]||വേണുഗോപാൽ || വി അരുണാചലം ,ചിന്ന അണ്ണാമലൈ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1970 ||[[തുറക്കാത്ത വാതിൽ]] ||വാസു || എ രഘുനാഥ്|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പ്രിയ]] ||ഗോപൻ || എൻ പി അബു|| [[മധു]] |- |1970 ||[[സ്ത്രീ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്ത്രീ]] ||രവി || മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്) || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പളുങ്കുപാത്രം]]|| രവി||ശബരിനാഥൻ || [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ|തിക്കുറിശ്ശി ]] |- |1970 ||[[നിലയ്ക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നിലക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ]] || സാം|| മിസ്സിസ് കെ സുകുമാരൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1970 ||[[കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി]] ||രാജപ്പൻ ||സി ജെ ബേബി,പി സി ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[അഭയം]] || പ്രൊഫ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ|| [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1970||[[സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ]]|| ഡോ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1970 || [[ഓളവും തീരവും]]|| ബാപ്പുട്ടി||[[പി.എ. ബക്കർ]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1970 || [[അമ്പലപ്രാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്പലപ്രാവ്]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ ||താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[ജന്മഭൂമി (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജന്മഭൂമി]] ||ജോണി || [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]]|| [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]] |- |1969 ||[[കുരുതിക്കളം |കുരുതിക്കളം]] ||രഘു || സിനി യുണൈറ്റഡ്|| എ കെ സഹദേവൻ |- |1969 ||[[ആൽമരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആൽമരം]] ||ഗോപി || ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[കള്ളിച്ചെല്ലമ്മ]] ||ചന്ദ്രപ്പൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[വില കുറഞ്ഞ മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രാമസ്വാമി|| എം എ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ |- |1969 ||[[നദി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നദി]] ||സണ്ണി ||[[ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച]] ||രാജൻ ||എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1969 ||[[വിരുന്നുകാരി]] ||സേതു || [[പി. വേണു]]||[[പി. വേണു]] |- |1969 ||[[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] ||സുബോധ് സന്യാൽ || || |- |1969 ||''[[വീട്ടുമൃഗം]]'' ||വിജയൻ || [[പി സുകുമാരൻ]],[[ജി അർജ്ജുനൻ]]|| [[പി വേണു]] |- |1968 ||[[തുലാഭാരം]] || ബാബു|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1968||[[കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കടൽ]] ||ആന്റണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വിപ്ലവകാരികൾ ]] ||മേനോൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]] ||ചാക്കോ സാർ ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വഴിപിഴച്ച സന്തതി]] ||ഉണ്ണി ||[[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1968||[[മനസ്വിനി ]] || ഹരിദാസ്||എൻ വാസുമേനോൻ || പി ഭാസ്കരൻ |- |1968||[[രാഗിണി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രാഗിണി ]] ||രവി || കെ എൻ മൂർത്തി|| പി ബി ഉണ്ണി |- |1968||[[കറുത്ത പൗർണ്ണമി ]] || ബാലു||[[എൻ ജി മേനോൻ]] || നാരായണൻകുട്ടി വല്ലത്ത് |- |1967||[[കദീജ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കദീജ]] || ഡോ.സലിം||കലാരത്ന || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1967||[[കറുത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ഡോ.ശാന്തൻ || [[പി. സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1967||[[ചെകുത്താന്റെ കോട്ട]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ || എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1967||[[ഒള്ളതുമതി ]] || ബാബു||എം പി ചന്ദ്രശേഖര പിള്ള || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1967||[[അവൾ ]] || ജോയ്||മുഹമ്മദ് സർക്കാർ || പി എം എ അസീസ്‌ |- |1967 ||[[അന്വേഷിച്ചു കണ്ടെത്തിയില്ല]] ||ആന്റണി || കെ രവീന്ദ്രനാഥൻ നായർ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1967 ||[[ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥ]] ||രാജശേഖരൻ || പി‌ എസ് ദാസ്,പി കെ ദേവദാസ് || വേണുഗോപാല മേനോൻ (പി വേണു) |- |1967 ||[[ലേഡി ഡോക്ടർ]] ||ജോണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1967 ||[[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേധം]]|| സദാനന്ദൻ|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1967 ||[[രമണൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രമണൻ]] || മാധവൻ|| [[ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട്]]|| ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട് |- |1967 ||[[നഗരമേ നന്ദി]] ||രാഘവൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ|ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്|എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1966 ||[[തിലോത്തമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിലോത്തമ]] ||ഉസ്മാൻ || [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]]|| [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] |- |1966 ||[[കരുണ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കരുണ]] ||യൂണിയൻ ലീഡർ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1966 ||[[മാണിക്യക്കൊട്ടാരം]] ||വേണു ||എച്ച് എച്ച് അബ്ദുള്ള സേട്ട് || യു രാജഗോപാൽ |- |1966||[[അർച്ചന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അർച്ചന]]||രാജഗോപാലൻ ||റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1966 ||[[പുത്രി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുത്രി]] ||ബാബു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[തൊമ്മന്റെ മക്കൾ]] ||കുഞ്ഞച്ചൻ || കാശിനാഥൻ|| ശശികുമാർ |- |1965 ||[[അമ്മു]] ||ഭാസി ||എം കേശവൻ || എൻ എൻ പിഷാരടി |- |1965 || [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]]||കേശവൻ കുട്ടി ||ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1965 ||[[കല്യാണഫോട്ടോ ]] ||എസ്.ഐ ജോൺ || റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ|| ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ |- |1965 ||[[കളിയോടം]] ||ഡോ.വേണു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] ||പരീക്കുട്ടി || ബാബു സേട്ട്|| രാമു കാര്യാട്ട് |- |1965 ||[[കാട്ടുപൂക്കൾ]] ||ജോണീ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1965||[[മായാവി (1965-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മായാവി]] ||മധു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || ജി കെ രാമു |- |1965 ||[[സുബൈദ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സുബൈദ]] ||അഹമ്മദ് ||എച്ച് എച്ച് ഇബ്രാഹിം || [[എം എസ് മണി]] |- |1965 ||[[പട്ടുതൂവാല]] || ജോർജ്||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ജീവിതയാത്ര]] ||രാജൻ ||മാസ്റർ ഗണേഷ് || കൊട്ടാരക്കര ശശികുമാർ |- | 1965||[[സർപ്പക്കാട്]] || ഡോ.ബാലൻ||പി കെ സത്യപാൽ || [[ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ആദ്യകിരണങ്ങൾ]] ||പാപ്പച്ചൻ ||വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[മണവാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മണവാട്ടി]] ||ബാബു || എം രാജു മാത്തൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം]] ||കവി || [[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1964 ||[[കുട്ടിക്കുപ്പായം]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് ||[[റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1964 ||[[തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ]] ||പയ്യംവള്ളി ചന്തു ||[[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി|ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || എസ് എസ് രാജൻ |- |1963 ||[[അമ്മയെ കാണാൻ]] ||ബാലഗോപാൽ || വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]]|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1963 ||[[മൂടുപടം]] ||കൊച്ചുകുഞ്ഞ് ||[[ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1963 ||[[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ|നിണമണിഞ്ഞകാല്പാടുകൾ]] ||സ്റ്റീഫൺ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |} ====തമിഴ്==== *[[ധർമ്മദുരൈ]] (1991) ===സംവിധാനം=== *[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] (1986) *[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] (1986) *[[ആരാധന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരാധന]] (1977) – *[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] (1976) *[[തീക്കനൽ]] (1976) *[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] (1975) *[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]](1975) *[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]] (1974) *[[നീലക്കണ്ണൂകൾ|നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ]] (1974) *[[സാഥി]] (1972) *[[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] (1971) *[[പ്രിയ]] (1970) ===നിർമ്മാണം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു നിർമ്മിച്ച ചിത്രങ്ങൾ|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=producer&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീത്ം ഇൻഫോ|accessdate=2019-11-29|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>=== {| class="wikitable" ! ക്ര.നം. !!സിനിമ !!വർഷം !!സംവിധാനം |- | 1 || [[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]]||1972 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |2 || [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||1974 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 3 || [[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 4 || [[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |5 || [[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||1978 || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 6 || [[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]||1978 ||[[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- | 7 || [[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 8 || [[ശുദ്ധികലശം]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 9 || [[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം |വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]]||1980 ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- | 10 || [[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]]||1981 ||[[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |11 || [[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]]||1981 ||[[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- | 12 || [[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]]||1982 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 13 || [[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||1983 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 14 || [[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]]||1986 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 15 || [[മിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മിനി]]||1995 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |} ===പിന്നണിഗാനം=== * സഹകരിക്കട്ടെ സഹകരിക്ക [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * അറിയൂ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * രമണീയെന്നിൽ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) ==അവലംബം== {{RL}} {{മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിം ഫെയർ അവാർഡ് ലഭിച്ചവർ-മലയാളം}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commons category|Madhu (actor)}} *[http://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu Profile in Malayalasangeetham.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902094341/https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors |date=2025-09-02 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1933-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ നിർമ്മാതാവിനുള്ള പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അഭിനയത്തിനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാനസർക്കാർ പ്രത്യേകപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജെ.സി. ദാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച മലയാളികൾ]] f6frusc2m9dl056yeg86pip4cgp4xq5 4644287 4644286 2026-07-08T02:34:00Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Madhu (actor)}} {{ToDisambig|വാക്ക്=മധു}}{{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = മധു | image = Madhu 2008.jpg | caption = 2008 ലെ അമ്മയുടെ ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ | othername = | birth_name = മാധവൻ നായർ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1933|09|23}}<ref>{{cite news|title=J.C. Daniel Award for Madhu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125405/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042306030400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2016|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 April 2005}}</ref> | birth_place = ഗൗരീശപട്ടം, തിരുവനന്തപുരം,<ref>{{cite news|title=Madhu makes Kerala proud|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/madhu-makes-kerala-proud/article4346115.ece|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 January 2013}}</ref> [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജ്യം]], [[British Raj|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യ]]<br>(present day [[Thiruvananthapuram district|തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[കേരള]], ഇന്ത്യ) | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mahatma Gandhi College|മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി കോളജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജ്, തിരുവനന്തപുരം]]|[[Banaras Hindu University|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി, വാരണാസി]]|[[National School of Drama|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ, ന്യൂഡൽഹി]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ|സംവിധായകൻ|നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | yearsactive = 1963 – ഇതുവരെ | spouse = {{Marriage|ജയലക്ഷ്മി||2014|reason=died}} | children = 1 (ഡോ. ഉമ) | parents = ആർ. പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള (father) <br>തങ്കമ്മ പിള്ള (mother) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=Malayalam Cinema's Beloved Madhu Turns 90, Reflects On A Life Well-Lived |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-cinemas-beloved-madhu-turns-90-reflects-on-a-life-well-lived-8588755.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> | awards = [[ജെ സി ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ്]] (2004)<br />[[പത്മശ്രീ]] (2013) <ref>{{cite news|title=Winners of Padma awards function 2013 - 2 Padma Vibhushan, 10 Padma Bhushan and 42 Padma Shree awards presented|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|access-date=2 September 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=5 April 2013|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925172452/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/winners-of-padma-awards-function-2013/padma-shri-p-madhavan-nair-madhu/slideshow/19398117.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> | website = {{URL|www.madhutheactor.com}} }} [[പ്രമാണം:Mohanlal and Madhu.jpg|thumb|2008 ലെ [[അമ്മ (താരസംഘടന)|അമ്മയുടെ]] ജനറൽ ബോഡി മീറ്റിംഗിൽ [[മോഹൻലാൽ|മോഹൻലാലിനൊപ്പം]] ]][[മലയാള സിനിമ|മലയാളചലച്ചിത്ര ലോകത്തെ]] പ്രമുഖ അഭിനേതാക്കളിൽ ഒരാളാണ് '''മധു''' (ജനനം: [[സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23]], [[1933]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-09-24 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926044723/http://www.madhyamam.com/movies/node/522 |url-status=dead }}</ref>). സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമാതാവ്, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ (ഉമ സിനിമ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ) ഉടമസ്ഥൻ എന്നീ നിലകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം പ്രശസ്തി നേടി. [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] മേയറായിരുന്ന പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ളയുടെയും തങ്കമ്മയുടേയും മൂത്തപുത്രനായി ജനിച്ചു. യഥാർത്ഥ പേര്‌ '''മാധവൻ നായർ'''. മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ ശൈശവം മുതൽ ഒപ്പമുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഈ നടൻ ഇപ്പോഴും അഭിനയ രംഗത്ത് സജീവമാണ്. 1960 കളിലും 1970 കളിലും 1980 കളിലും ഒരു പ്രമുഖ നായക നടനായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 400 ലധികം സിനിമകളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 12 സിനിമകൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യുകയും 15 സിനിമകൾ നിർമ്മിക്കുകയും ഒരു കാലത്ത് ഉമ ഫിലിം സ്റ്റുഡിയോയുടെ ഉടമയുമായിരുന്നു. മലയാള സിനിമകൾക്ക് നൽകിയ സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2004-ൽ കേരള സർക്കാർ ജെ.സി.ഡാനിയേൽ അവാർഡ് നൽകി അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചു.കലാരംഗത്തെ സംഭാവനകൾക്ക് 2013ൽ ഇന്ത്യാ ഗവൺമെന്റ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ പത്മശ്രീ നൽകി ആദരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഇപ്റ്റ (ഇന്ത്യൻ പീപ്പിൾസ് തിയറ്റർ അസോസിയേഷൻ) സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റായും സാംസ്ക്കാരിക രംഗത്ത് നിറഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ സിനിമയായ ''മിനി'', 1995-ലെ 43-ാമത് ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡിൽ കുടുംബക്ഷേമം പ്രമേയമായ മികച്ച ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള ഇന്ദിരാഗാന്ധി ദേശീയ അവാർഡ് കരസ്ഥമാക്കി. [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരത്തിലെ]] (1972) അഭിനയത്തിന് മലയാളത്തിലെ മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡിന്റെ ആദ്യ ജേതാവായ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഇത് കൂടാതെ മൂന്ന് ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡുകളും അഞ്ച് കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡുകളും ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മധു അഭിനയിച്ച [[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] എന്ന സിനിമ 1965-ൽ അഖിലേന്ത്യാതലത്തിൽ മികച്ച ഫീച്ചർ ഫിലിമിനുള്ള രാഷ്ട്രപതിയുടെ സ്വർണ്ണ മെഡൽ നേടിക്കൊണ്ട് ഈ ടൈറ്റിൽ നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ മലയാള ചിത്രമായി മാറി. == സ്വകാര്യ ജീവിതം == പഴയ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ നാട്ടുരാജ്യത്തെ ഗൗരീശപട്ടം എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് 1933 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23 നാണ് മാധവൻ നായർ ജനിച്ചത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് ആർ. പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള (പത്മനാഭപുരം, തക്കലെ സ്വദേശി) തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ മുൻ മേയറും മാതാവ്  തങ്കമ്മ ഒരു വീട്ടമ്മയായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് നാല് സഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. കുന്നുകുഴി എൽ.പി സ്‌കൂളിൽ നാലാം ക്ലാസ് വരെയും, അഞ്ചാം ക്ലാസ് (പ്രിപ്പറേറ്ററി) എസ്.എം.വി സ്‌കൂളിലും, ഫസ്റ്റ് ഫോറം മുതൽ മൂന്നാം ഫോറം വരെ പേട്ട മിഡിൽ സ്‌കൂളിലും, നാലാം ഫോറം  മുതൽ ആറാം ഫോറം വരെ (എസ്‌എസ്‌എൽസി) സെന്റ് ജോസഫ്‌സ് ഹൈസ്‌കൂളിലും പഠിച്ചു. മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് പ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ബിരുദവും യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദവും നേടി. പിന്നീട് ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽ (BHU) ഹിന്ദിയിൽ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. ജയലക്ഷ്മിയെ (മരണം, 2014-ൽ) വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അവർക്ക് ഒരു ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പശ്ചാത്തലം == വിദ്യാർത്ഥിയായിരിക്കെ നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമായി. പിന്നീട്‌ കലാപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ അവധി നൽകി പഠനത്തിൽ ശ്രദ്ധകേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ചു. [[ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാല|ബനാറസ് ഹിന്ദു സർവകലാശാലയിൽനിന്ന്]] ബിരുദവും തുടർന്ന് ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി. 1957 മുതൽ 1959 വരെയുള്ള കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ [[നാഗർകോവിൽ|നാഗർകോവിലിലെ]] ST ഹിന്ദു കോളേജിലും [[സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ കോളേജ്|സ്കോട്ട് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ]] കോളേജിലും ഹിന്ദി അദ്ധ്യാപകൻ ആയി സേവനം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPZzYIAsAWc&t=217s</ref> അപ്പോഴും മാധവൻ നായരുടെ മനസ്സിലെ അഭിനയമോഹം കെട്ടടങ്ങിയിരുന്നില്ല. ഒരിക്കൽ [[നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമ(എൻ.എസ്.ഡി)|നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ]] പരസ്യം പത്രത്തിൽ കണ്ട അദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടും കൽപ്പിച്ച്‌ അദ്ധ്യാപക ജോലി രാജിവച്ച്‌ [[ഡൽഹി|ഡൽഹിക്ക്]] വണ്ടികയറി. 1959 ൽ നാഷണൽ സ്കൂൾ ഓഫ് ഡ്രാമയുടെ ആദ്യ ബാച്ചിലേയ്ക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട ഏക മലയാളിയുമാണ് മധു.<ref>മാത്റ്ഭൂമി വാർഷിക പതിപ്പ് 2013 പേജ്178</ref> എൻ.എസ്‌.ഡിയിൽ പഠിക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ്‌ [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്|രാമു കാര്യാട്ടുമായി]] അടുപ്പത്തിലായത്‌. പഠനം പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയ ശേഷം നാടക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമാകാനായിരുന്നു ഉദ്ദേശ്യം. പക്ഷേ നിയോഗം മറ്റൊന്നായിരുന്നു. == സിനിമയിൽ == മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രരംഗത്തേക്ക് മധു കടന്ന് വന്നത് 1962 -ൽ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjdr4x7tUAs</ref> ആദ്യ മലയാളചിത്രം രാമു കാര്യാട്ടിന്റെ [[മൂടുപടം]] ആയിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ആദ്യം പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ചിത്രം [[ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻനായർ|ശോഭനാ പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]നിർമിച്ച്‌ [[എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി(സിനിമ)|എൻ.എൻ പിഷാരടി]] സംവിധാനംചെയ്ത [[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ]] ആണ്‌. ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ [[പ്രേംനസീർ|പ്രേം നസീറിന്റെ]] നായകകഥാപാത്രത്തെ വെല്ലുന്ന പ്രകടനത്തിലൂടെ മധു പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ ശ്രദ്ധ പിടിച്ചുപറ്റി. നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ സത്യനു വേണ്ടി മാറ്റി വെച്ച വേഷമായിരുന്നു ഇത്‌. [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ]] ആണ് മാധവൻ നായരെ മധു ആക്കി മാറ്റിയത്. 1969ൽ [[ക്വാജ അഹ്മദ് അബ്ബാസ്]] ഒരുക്കിയ [[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ഹിന്ദിയിൽ തൻ്റെ അഭിനയമികവ് കാഴ്ചവെച്ചു. പിന്നീട് ബോവുഡിലെ എക്കാലത്തെയും പ്രശസ്ത നടനായി മാറിയ അമിതാഭ് ബച്ചന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ ചിത്രം കൂടിയാണ് എന്ന പ്രത്യേകത ഈ സിനിമയ്ക്ക് ഉണ്ട്. പ്രേംനസീറും സത്യനും നിറഞ്ഞു നിൽക്കുന്ന കാലത്താണ് സിനിമയിൽ രംഗപ്രവേശം നടത്തിയതെങ്കിലും അധികം വൈകാതെ സ്വതസ്സിദ്ധമായ അഭിനയശൈലിയിലൂടെ സ്വന്തമായ ഒരു ഇടം നേടിയെടുക്കാൻ മധുവിനായി. ക്ഷുഭിത യൗവനവും പ്രണയാതുരനായ കാമുകനുമൊക്കെയായി അദ്ദേഹം പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനം കവർന്നു. == ചെമ്മീൻ എന്ന വഴിത്തിരിവ്‌ == <!-- [[ചിത്രം:Chemmeen.jpg‎|right|thumb|200px|ചെമ്മീൻ]] --> മലയാള സിനിമാചരിത്രത്തിലെ നാഴികക്കല്ലെന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന [[ചെമ്മീൻ (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീനാണ്]] മധുവിന്റെ അഭിനയ ജീവിതത്തിലും വഴിത്തിരിവുണ്ടാക്കിയത്‌. '''കറുത്തമ്മയെ''' കുടിയിരുത്തിയ പ്രണയതരളമായ മനസ്സുമായി ജീവിച്ച പരീക്കുട്ടി മലയാളികളുടെ ഹൃദയത്തിലേക്കാണ്‌ നടന്നു കയറിയത്‌. [[മന്നാഡേ]] ആലപിച്ച ''മാനസമൈനേ വരൂ....'' എന്ന ഗാനം മധുവാണ്‌ പാടിയതെന്നുവരെ ഒരുകാലത്ത് ജനം വിശ്വസിച്ചു''.'' പതിറ്റാണ്ടുകൾക്കു ശേഷവും മധുവിനെ കാണുമ്പോൾ ചെമ്മീനിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളും ഗാനങ്ങളുമാണ്‌ പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ മനസ്സിൽ ഓടിയെത്തുന്നത്‌. മിമിക്രി താരങ്ങൾ ഈ നടനെ അനുകരിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതും ഇതേ ചിത്രത്തിലെ സംഭാഷണങ്ങളാണ്. പിന്നീട് ഒട്ടേറെ ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ നായക വേഷത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം തിളങ്ങി. [[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം|ഭാർഗവീ നിലയം]], [[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]], [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]], [[ഓളവും തീരവും]], [[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേഥം]], [[തുലാഭാരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തുലാഭാരം]], [[ആഭിജാത്യം]], [[സ്വയംവരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വയംവരം]], [[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]], [[തീക്കനൽ]], യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം, നീതിപീഠം, ഇതാ ഇവിടെവരെ തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളിലൂടെ മധു മലയാള സിനിമയുടെ അവിഭാജ്യ ഘടകമായി മാറി. കാലം മാറുന്നതിനൊപ്പം ചെയ്യുന്ന വേഷങ്ങളും മാറാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു മടിയില്ലായിരുന്നു. മുഖ്യധാരാ-സിനിമയിലും സമാന്തര-സിനിമയിലും ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പരകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം സാന്നിദ്ധ്യമറിയിച്ചു. അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ മധു എന്ന നായകനടനെ മനസ്സിൽ കുടിയിരുത്തിയ ആരാധകർ, കുടുംബനാഥനായും മുത്തച്ഛനായും അദ്ദേഹം തിരശ്ശീലയിൽ എത്തിയപ്പോൾ ഇരുകൈകളും നീട്ടി സ്വീകരിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. == അഭിനയത്തിനപ്പുറം == ക്യാമറയ്ക്കു മുന്നിൽ മാത്രം ഒതുങ്ങി നിൽക്കുന്നതായിരുന്നില്ല മധുവിന്റെ ജീവിതം. താരജാഡ തൊട്ടു തീണ്ടാത്ത സ്നേഹബന്ധങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ഉടമയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമ്മാതാവ്‌, സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഉടമ, സ്കൂൾ ഉടമ, കർഷകൻ തുടങ്ങിയ റോളുകളിലും തിളങ്ങി. മലയാള സിനിമയെ ചെന്നൈയിൽ നിന്നും കേരളത്തിലേക്ക്‌ പറിച്ചു നടുന്ന കാലഘട്ടത്തിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം‌ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത്‌ വള്ളക്കടവിൽ [[ഉമാ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ]] സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്‌. മറ്റു പല സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾക്കും ഈ സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ഒരനുഗ്രഹമായി. [[1970|1970ൽ]] പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ [[പ്രിയ(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രിയ]] ആയിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യമായി സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രം. സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്, സതി, നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ, [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], അക്കൽദാമ, കാമ ക്രോധം മോഹം, തീക്കനൽ, ധീര സമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ, ആരാധന, ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ, ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ് എന്നിവയും അദ്ദേഹം സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്.<ref name="test1">[https://m3db.com/madhu/ m3db] മധു</ref> സതി, ആക്കൽദാമ, തീക്കനൽ എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ സൂപ്പർ ഹിറ്റുകളായിരുന്നു. [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]], [[സംരംഭം(ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ്‌ അദ്ദേഹം നിർമ്മിച്ചവ. അദ്ദേഹം തന്നെ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത [[പ്രിയ]], [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] എന്നിവ മികച്ച രണ്ടാമത്തെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡ്‌ നേടിയിരുന്നു. ''ഓമലാളെ കണ്ടൂ ഞാൻ പൂങ്കിനാവിൽ ..... എന്ന'' പ്രശസ്തമായ ഗാനം '''സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്''' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലേതാണ്''.'' == കുടുംബം == പരേതയായ ജയലക്ഷ്മിയാണ് മധുവിന്റെ ഭാര്യ. ഇവർക്ക് ഉമ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == * 1980 സംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാരിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക പുരസ്കാരം * 1995 മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിനുള്ള(നിർമാതാവ്‌) അവാർഡ്‌ (മിനി എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന്‌) * 2004 സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനക്കുള്ള ജെ. സി ഡാനിയൽ അവാർഡ്‌ * 2013 പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129060133/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=335360 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == മധു -ചലച്ചിത്രസംഭാവനകൾ == ====മലയാളം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീതം ഇൻഫൊ|accessdate=2023-10-16|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>==== {|class="wikitable sortable" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! വർഷം !! ചലച്ചിത്രം !! വേഷം !! നിർമ്മാണം!! സംവിധാനം |- |2022|| [[റൺ കല്യാണി]]|| അച്ഛൻ|| || ഗീത ജെ ജയൻ |- |2022||പി.കെ റോസി|| || ഡി ഗോപകുമാർ||ശശി നാടുക്കാട് |- |2021||നീരവം|| ||നസീർ വെളിയിൽ ,സന്തോഷ് തലമുകിൽ || അജയ് ശിവറാം |- |2021||വൺ|| പ്രൊ.വാസുദേവപ്പണിക്കർ||ആർ ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മി ||സന്തോഷ്‌ വിശ്വനാഥൻ |- |2019||മാജിക് മൊമൻറ്സ്|| || || |- |2019 |[[ചിൽഡ്രൻസ് പാർക്ക്]]|| ||രൂപേഷ് ഓമന||ഷാഫി |- |2019 |[[വിശുദ്ധ പുസ്തകം]]|| || രാജേഷ്‌ കളീക്കൽ || ഷാബു ഉസ്മാൻ |- |2019 |[[ഒരു യമണ്ടൻ പ്രേമകഥ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || || |- |2019 |[[വള്ളിക്കെട്ട്]]|| ||സന്തോഷ് നായർ ||ജിബിൻ എടവനക്കാട് |- |2018 |[[വേലക്കാരി ആയി ഇരുന്താലും നീ എൻ മോഹവല്ലി]]|| || ||ഗോവിന്ദ് വരാഹ |- |2018||സ്ഥാനം|| അലക്സാണ്ടർ|| ഔവർ രാജൻ നായർ|| പ്രൊഫ ശിവപ്രസാദ് |- |2018||കണ്ണാടി|| || ||ജി ചന്ദ്രചൂഡൻ |- |2018 |മൈ സ്കൂൾ|| ||പി ജഗദീഷ് കുമാർ || പപ്പൻ പയറ്റുവിള |- |2018 |ഡസ്റ്റ് ബിൻ|| ||മോഹൻദാസ്‌,രേഖ ശ്രീകുമാർ || മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |നെക്സ്റ്റ് ടോക്കൺ നമ്പർ|| || || |- |2017 |വളപ്പൊട്ടുകൾ||വലിയ ഉസ്താദ് || കെ എം പ്രകാശ്,ആർ സി ഡോൺ,അപ്പു ആലിമുക്ക്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2017 |[[ബഷീറിന്റെ പ്രേമലേഖനം]]|| || ||അനീഷ് അൻ വർ |- |2017 |ഏലിയാമ്മച്ചിയുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ ക്രിസ്തുമസ്|| || ||ബന്നി ആശംസ |- |2017 |വേദം|| ||സാംസൺ വിശ്വനാഥ് || പ്രസാദ് യാദവ് |- |2017 |സ്വയം||ശങ്കരൻ വൈദ്യർ ||വിനോദ് ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || ആർ ശരത് |- |2016 |[[സെലിബ്രേഷൻസ്]]|| || ഷേർളി കുര്യൻ ||മഞ്ജിത് ദിവാകർ |- |2015 |ഞാൻ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്യും|| ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |2015 || [[ആശംസകളോടെ അന്ന]]||ആഭ്യന്തരമന്ത്രി പുന്നക്കാടൻ ||ഫ്രാൻസിസ് ജെ ഫോൻസെക || സംഗീത് ലൂയിസ് |- |2015 || [[കുക്കിലിയാർ]]|| പ്രൊ.ഭാസ്ക്രരൻ||പ്രേംജി || നേമം പുഷ്പരാജ് |- |2015 || [[സിനിമ @പി.ഡബ്ലിയു ഡി ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസ്]]|| ||അശോക് കുമാർ || വി വി സന്തോഷ് |- |2015||[[കിഡ്നി ബിരിയാണി]]|| || റിയാസ് പാടിവട്ടം,ഇ എ ബഷീർ,അജിത് ബിനോയ്|| മധു തത്തമ്പള്ളി |- |2015||[[സാമ്രാജ്യം II: സൺ ഓഫ് അലക്സാണ്ടർ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || അജ്മൽ ഹസ്സൻ,ബൈജു ആദിത്യൻ|| പേരരശ് |- |2015 || [[അമ്മയ്ക്കൊരു താരാട്ട്]] || കവി ജോസഫ് പുഷ്പവനം ||റോയ് ജോൺ മാത്യു|| ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി |- |2015 || [[തിലോത്തമ]]|| || ഗോകുലം ഗോപാലൻ|| പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2015 || [[ഉത്തര ചെമ്മീൻ]]|| || ഹരിദാസ് ഹൈദ്രബാദ്,അൻ‌വിത ഹരി|| ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[ഡോൾഫിൻസ്]]|| അച്ചൻ കുട്ടിച്ചൻ|| അരുൺകുമാർ,സുദീപ് കാരാട്ട്|| ദീപൻ |- |2014 || [[ജോൺപോൾ വാതിൽ തുറക്കുന്നു]]||കോര ||അർജ്ജുൻ മോഹൻ || ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |2014 || [[സ്നേഹമുള്ളോരാൾ കൂടെയുള്ളപ്പോൾ]]||മുത്തശ്ശൻ || അനിൽ കൊച്ചിടക്കാട്ട് || റിജു നായർ |- |2014 || [[എട്ടേക്കാൽ സെക്കന്റ്]]|| മേനോൻ|| സന്തോഷ് ബാബുസേനൻ|| കനകരാഘവൻ |- |2014 || [[രക്തരക്ഷസ്സ് 3ഡി]]|| ||ത്രീ ഡി റീംസ് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ || ആർ ഫാക്ടർ |- |2014 || [[ലിറ്റിൽ സൂപ്പർമാൻ]]||അച്ഛൻ || വിനയൻ ,വി എൻ ബാബു|| വിനയൻ |- |2014 || [[പറയാൻ ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്]]|| || അബ്ബാസ് മലയിൽ || കരീം |- |2014 || [[നെലുമ്പൂ]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ഇനിയും എത്രദൂരം]]|| || || |- |2014 || [[ദൈവത്തിന്റെ കയ്യൊപ്പ്]]|| ||പ്രഭാകരൻ നറുകര || ബെന്നി ആശംസ |- |2014 || [[മൈലാഞ്ചിമൊഞ്ചുള്ള വീട്]]||സോയാ സാഹിബ് ||ഹനീഫ് മുഹമ്മദ്‌ || ബെന്നി തോമസ്‌ |- |2013 || [[72 മോഡൽ]] || കുട്ടൻപിള്ള||ജെ ശരത്ചന്ദ്രൻ നായർ || [[രാജസേനൻ]] |- |2013 || [[മഹാത്മ അയ്യങ്കാളി]] ||ഊട്ടത്ത് പരമേശ്വരൻ പിള്ള || പരമൻ,ഷബീർ ||സൂര്യദേവ |- |2013 || [[മാണിക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടിയും ക്രിസ്തുമസ് കാരോളും]] ||പത്രോസ് || സച്ചിൻ ശ്രീധർ || ടി എം റാഫി,ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2013 || [[ഗീതാഞ്ജലി (2013 മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗീതാഞ്ജലി]] ||ബേബിച്ചൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[പ്രിയദർശൻ]] |- |2013 || [[പ്രതീക്ഷയോടെ]] || ||ശോഭന ജോർജ്ജ് ||സ്നോബ |- |2013 || [[അനാവൃതയായ കാപാലിക]] || ||മധുസൂദനൻ മാവേലിക്കര ||പ്രീതി പണിക്കർ |- |2013 || [[വൈറ്റ്‌ പേപ്പർ]] ||മനോരോഗജ്ഞൻ ||ജോൺസൺ ജോസഫ് ||[[രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ മംഗലത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[മഴവില്ലിനറ്റം വരെ]] || || എ മുകുന്ദൻ|| [[കൈതപ്രം ദാമോദരൻ|കൈതപ്രം]] |- |2012 || [[സ്പിരിറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്പിരിറ്റ്]] ||ക്യാപ്റ്റൻ നമ്പ്യാർ ||[[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]] || [[രഞ്ജിത്ത്]] |- |2012 || [[പ്രഭുവിന്റെ മക്കൾ]] || ||സന്തോഷ് ബാലൻ,സിന്ധു ||സജീവൻ അന്തിക്കാട് |- |2011 || [[ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആഗസ്റ്റ് 15]] ||ഡോ.ജോൺ || [[എം. മണി]]|| [[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |2011 || [[ഉമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മ]] || ||കെ കെ സുരേഷ് ചന്ദ്രൻ || വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2011 || [[നായിക]]|| || തോമസ് ബെഞ്ചമിൻ|| [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |2011 || [[ലക്കി ജോക്കേഴ്സ്]]||വലിയതമ്പുരാൻ ||ഡി രമേഷ് ബാബു || സുനിൽ |- |2010 || [[ചിത്രക്കുഴൽ]] ||ചാരുവിന്റെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||ധിരുഭായ് ചൌഹാൻ ||മജീദ് ഗുലിസ്ഥാൻ |- |2010 || [[സഹസ്രം]] ||മന്ത്രി ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ || സുരേന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള||ഡോ എസ് ജനാർദ്ദനൻ |- |2010 || [[കാര്യസ്ഥൻ]] ||കിഴക്കേടത്ത് കൃഷ്ണവാരിയർ ||നീത ആന്റോ ||തോംസൺ |- |2010 || [[പത്താം അദ്ധ്യായം]]|| ആനന്ദവർമ്മ|| എ കെ ഷെയ്ക് നാസർ || പി കെ രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |2009 || [[പെരുമാൾ]]||മത്തായി ||തിരുനക്കര ഫിലിംസ് ||പ്രസാദ് വാളച്ചേരി |- |2009 || [[പാസഞ്ചർ ]]||ടി.വി ചാനൽ ചെയർമാൻ || എസ്‌ സി പിള്ള||രഞ്ജിത്ത് ശങ്കർ |- |2008 || റോബോ ||മാധവൻ || ||ഡോ.ആർ പ്രസന്നകുമാർ |- |2008 || [[ബ്രഹ്മാസ്ത്രം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബ്രഹ്‌മാസ്‌ത്രം]]||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി ||വി സോമനാഥൻ,അമ്പിളി നെടുംകുന്നം ||വി സോമനാഥൻ |- |2008 || [[മാടമ്പി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാടമ്പി]]||ജഡ്ജി ||ബി സി ജോഷി ||[[ബി. ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |2008 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||തങ്ങൾ || ചാനൽ എന്റർപ്രൈസസ്||എം എ നിഷാദ്‌ |- |2008 ||[[കനൽക്കണ്ണാടി ]] ||സിദ്ധാർത്ഥമേനോൻ ||മധു കല്ലയം || എ കെ ജയൻ പൊതുവാൾ |- |2008 || [[ട്വന്റി20 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|റ്റ്വന്റി:20]] || വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ|| അനൂപ്|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2007 || [[പന്തയക്കോഴി]]||അബ്ദു റാവുത്തർ || [[ലാൽ]]|| [[എം എ വേണു]] |- |2007||[[ഹലോ]] ||ബഡാ ഭായ് || ജോയ് തോമസ് ശക്തികുളങ്ങര|| [[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2007||[[ബാല്യം |ബാല്യം]] || ||എസ് തങ്കപ്പൻ ||ജോസ് നെട്ടയം |- |2006 ||[[രാവണൻ]] ||മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി || എം മണി|| ജോജോ വർഗ്ഗീസ് |- |2006 || [[രാഷ്ട്രം]] ||മാളിയേക്കൽ ഔസേപ്പച്ചൻ ||സി കരുണാകരൻ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2005 || [[തസ്കരവീരൻ (2005ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തസ്കരവീരൻ]]|| അറക്കളം പൈലി||വിന്ധ്യൻ,ദിനൻ || [[പ്രമോദ് പപ്പൻ]] |- |2005 || [[നരൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നരൻ]] ||വലിയ നമ്പ്യാർ || [[ആന്റണി പെരുമ്പാവൂർ]]|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |2005 ||[[ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബെൻ ജോൺസൺ]]||ഗോവിന്ദമേനോൻ ||മിലൻ ജലീൽ || അനിൽ സി മേനോൻ |- |2004 || [[ചതിക്കാത്ത ചന്തു]] ||വസുമതിയുടെ മുത്തശ്ശൻ ||[[ലാൽ]] ||[[റാഫി മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ|റാഫി,മെക്കാർട്ടിൻ]] |- |2001 ||[[ഷാർജാ ടു ഷാർജാ]] || ജസ്റ്റിസ് വിശ്വനാഥകർത്ത|| മോഹൻ കാർത്തിക|| വേണു ഗോപൻ |- |1999 ||[[ഏഴുപുന്നതരകൻ]] ||എഴുപുന്ന ഔത തരകൻ || പി ജോർജ്ജ് ജോസഫ്|| [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[ഒന്നാംവട്ടം കണ്ടപ്പോൾ]] ||പ്രഭാകരവർമ്മ || കെ എൽ ജോൺ||[[കെ.കെ. ഹരിദാസ്]] |- |1999 ||[[ഗർഷോം ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി മാഷ് ||ജയപാലമേനോൻ ||[[പി.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമുഹമ്മദ്]] |- |1999 ||[[പ്രണയനിലാവ്]] || തങ്ങൾ|| [[മിലൻ ജലീൽ]]||[[വിനയൻ]] |- |1999 ||[[സ്റ്റാലിൻ ശിവദാസ്‌]] || സഖാവ് കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ|| [[ദിനേഷ് പണിക്കർ]] ||[[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1998 ||[[ഹർത്താൽ]] ||ഇമാം തങ്ങളുപ്പാപ്പ || വെങ്കിടേശ്വര ഫിലിംസ്||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് |- |1998 ||[[ആഘോഷം]] ||ഗീ വർഗീസ് പുന്നൂക്കാരൻ ||ഗോൾഡൻ മൂവീ മേക്കേഴ്സ് ||[[ടി എസ് സജി]] |- |1998 ||[[സമാന്തരങ്ങൾ]] ||മന്ത്രി ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1997 ||[[വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട് ]] || പകലോമറ്റം ഇട്ടി|| ജോകുട്ടൻ|| ഐ വി ശശി |- |1997 ||[[ദി ഗുഡ്‌ ബോയ്സ്‌]] ||പ്രതാപവർമ ||മാക് അലി || കെ പി സുനിൽ |- |1997 ||[[മോക്ഷം]] || ||കെ പി വേണു || ബേപ്പൂർ മണി |- |1996 ||[[ടൈം ബോംബ്‌]] || ||ലിയോൺ കംബയിൻസ് || വിശ്വം |- |1995 || [[സമുദായം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമുദായം]] || ഇബ്രാഹിം മൂപ്പൻ||പ്രേമകുമാർ മാരാത്ത് || [[അമ്പിളി]] |- |1995 || [[പ്രായിക്കര പാപ്പാൻ]] ||ശങ്കുണ്ണി (വലിയപാപ്പാൻ) ||എസ് കെ ഭദ്ര || [[ടി.എസ്. സുരേഷ്ബാബു]] |- |1995 || [[സിംഹവാലൻ മേനോൻ]] ||മേനോൻ ||കിളിമാനൂർ ചന്ദ്രൻ || [[വിജി തമ്പി]] |- |1995 || [[മുൻപേ പറക്കുന്ന പക്ഷി]] || || || തേവലക്കര ചെല്ലപ്പൻ |- |1994 || [[മലപ്പുറം ഹാജി മഹാനായ ജോജി]]|| ഹാജിയാർ||ബാബു തോമസ്‌ ,മജീദ് || [[തുളസീദാസ് (സംവിധായകൻ)|തുളസിദാസ്]] |- |1994 || [[വരണമാല്യം |വരണമാല്യം]]||വർമ്മ ||പിസി അബ്രഹാം || വിജയ് പി നായർ |- |1994 || [[ഗോത്രം]]||കേശവൻ മാസ്റ്റർ ||സെവെൻ ബ്യൂട്ടി ഫിലിംസ് || സുരേഷ് രാജ് |- |1994 || [[മാന്ത്രികന്റെ പ്രാവുകൾ]]||വാസുദേവൻ || കെ സദഗോപൻ|| വിജയകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1993 || [[തലമുറ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തലമുറ]]||മുണ്ടക്കൽ മാർക്കോസ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[കെ. മധു]] |- |1993 || [[ഒറ്റയടിപ്പാതകൾ]]||ഭാസ്കരമേനോൻ ||വിൻസന്റ് ചിറ്റിലപ്പള്ളി || [[സി. രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1993 || [[യാദവം ]]||വിശ്വനാഥമേനോൻ ||പി നന്ദകുമാർ,ഗീതാഞ്ജലി നന്ദകുമാർ || ജോമോൻ |- |1993 || [[ആയിരപ്പറ ]]||പാപ്പി ||മാക് അലി ,അശോകൻ ||[[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1993 || [[ഏകലവ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏകലവ്യൻ]]||ശ്രീധരൻ || [[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]]||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1993 || [[അഭയം]]|| ||എൻ എഫ് ഡി സി ||ശിവൻ |- |1992 ||[[കുടുംബസമേതം]]||രാഘവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി ബഷീർ || [[ജയരാജ്]] |- |1992 ||[[ശബരിമലയിൽ തങ്കസൂര്യോദയം]]||ശങ്കരപ്പിള്ള || കുപ്പുസ്വാമി||[[കെ.ശങ്കർ]] |- |1992 || [[ചമ്പക്കുളം തച്ചൻ]]|| മൂത്താശാരി||വി പി മാധവൻ നായർ || [[കമൽ]] |- |1992 || [[കുഞ്ഞിക്കുരുവി]]|| ||വസന്താ ഫിലിംസ് || [[വിനയൻ]] |- |1990 || [[സാമ്രാജ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സാമ്രാജ്യം]]||ഐ.ജി ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ || [[ജോമോൻ]] |- |1990 || [[ലാൽസലാം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലാൽ സലാം]]||മേടയിൽ ഇട്ടിച്ചൻ ||കെ ആർ ഗംഗാധരൻ || [[വേണു നാഗവള്ളി]] |- |1990 || [[വീണ മീട്ടിയ വിലങ്ങുകൾ]]||വേലപ്പൻ ||മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ || [[കൊച്ചിൻ ഹനീഫ]] |- |1990 || [[അമ്മയുടെ സ്വന്തം കുഞ്ഞുമേരി]]||ഫാ.ഫ്രാൻസിസ് || || |- |1990 ||[[നമ്മുടെ നാട് |നമ്മുടെ നാട്]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||പി വി ആർ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ || കെ സുകു |- |1989 ||[[നാടുവാഴികൾ]]||അനന്തൻ || ജി പി വിജയകുമാർ|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1989 ||[[ദേവദാസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവദാസ്]] ||ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ ||പൊന്നമ്പലം സേതുനാഥ്,എം സാമുവൽ || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1989 ||[[മുദ്ര (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുദ്ര]] ||ഐ.സി ജോസഫ് ചാക്കോ || || |- |1989 ||[[ജാതകം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജാതകം]] ||പ്രൊഫ.രാമചന്ദ്രൻ || മീരാ ഫിലിം ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ|| [[സുരേഷ് ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ചാണക്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചാണക്യൻ]] || ഐ.ജി ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണപ്പണിക്കർ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] ||[[ടി.കെ. രാജീവ് കുമാർ]] |- |1989 ||[[ഒരു സായാഹ്നത്തിന്റെ സ്വപ്നം]] ||ബ്രിഗേഡിയർ ആർ.കെ മേനോൻ || അഗസ്റ്റിൻ ഇലഞ്ഞിപ്പള്ളി|| [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1989 ||[[ന്യൂസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ന്യൂസ്]] ||സുരേന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||ജി സുരേഷ് കുമാർ ||[[ഷാജി കൈലാസ്]] |- |1988 ||[[സൈമൺ പീറ്റർ നിനക്കുവേണ്ടി]]|| കേശവദാസ്||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]],[[കെ.ടി. കുഞ്ഞുമോൻ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[1921 (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|1921]]||ആലി മുസല്യാർ || മുഹമ്മദ് മണ്ണിൽ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1988 ||[[അപരൻ ]]||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[പി. പത്മരാജൻ]] |- |1988 ||[[വിറ്റ്നസ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വിറ്റ്നസ്]]||അഡ്വ.മാധവൻ തമ്പി || പ്രിയങ്ക ഫിലിംസ്|| [[വിജി തമ്പി ]] |- |1988 ||[[ഊഴം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഊഴം]]||ഗാന്ധിയൻ കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ ||എം ചന്ദ്രിക || [[ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1987 ||[[ഇത്രയും കാലം]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1987 ||[[അതിർത്തികൾ ]] ||മേജർ മുകുന്ദൻ ||എം.ടി.പി പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1986 ||[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] ||കേശവക്കുറുപ്പ് ||[[പി കെ ആർ പിള്ള]] || [[മധു]] |- |1986 ||[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] ||എ ആർ കെ മേനോൻ || [[മധു]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1985 ||[[ഒറ്റയാൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || || ||എൻ കേശവൻ നായർ ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി |- |1985 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ ഒരിടത്ത്]] ||മൊയ്തു ||ഫിലിപ്പ് റെമണ്ട് || [[ജേസി ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഇവിടെ ഈ തീരത്ത്]] ||പ്രൊഫ.തമ്പി ||[[അഗസ്റ്റിൻ പ്രകാശ്]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[അയനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അയനം]] ||ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||ശിവൻ കുന്നമ്പിള്ളി || [[ഹരികുമാർ|ഹരികുമാർ]] |- |1985 ||[[ഗുരുജി ഒരു വാക്ക്]] ||ഗുരുജി || ഗജരാജാ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[രാജൻ ശങ്കരാടി]] |- |1985 ||[[കഥ ഇതുവരെ]] || മേജർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ||[[ജോയ് തോമസ്]] || [[ജോഷി]] |- |1985 ||[[ജനകീയ കോടതി |ജനകീയകോടതി]] ||ഗോപി || [[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[ഹസ്സൻ |ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[പച്ച വെളിച്ചം|പച്ചവെളിച്ചം]]||മേജർ നായർ ||[[എം. മണി]] ||[[എം. മണി]] |- |1985 ||[[വെള്ളം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളം]] || മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി|| [[ദേവൻ (നടൻ)|ദേവൻ]]|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1985 ||[[കണ്ണാരം പൊത്തി പൊത്തി]]|| പ്രൊസിക്യൂട്ടർ കരുണാകരൻ||[[കെ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]] || [[ഹസ്സൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ചക്കരയുമ്മ]] ||മാത്യൂസ് || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[സാജൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|സാജൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[അറിയാത്ത വീഥികൾ ]] ||ജഡ്ജ് ജഗന്നാഥൻ ||[[രാജു മാത്യു]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[തിരക്കിൽ അല്പ സമയം]] ||കാദർ ഹാജി ||വിജയ & വിജയ || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇടവേളയ്ക്കുശേഷം]] ||ജഡ്ജ് രാജശേഖരൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[മനസ്സേ നിനക്കു മംഗളം]] ||അഡ്വ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[ലക്ഷ്മി (നടി)|ലക്ഷ്മി]]|| [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1984 ||[[അലകടലിനക്കരെ]] || ബാലു എസ് ദാസ്|| [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1984 ||[[കുരിശുയുദ്ധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കുരിശുയുദ്ധം]] || മാത്യു ചെറിയാച്ചൻ|| സി രാധാമണി || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1984 ||[[ആറ്റുവഞ്ചി ഉലഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ]]||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഭദ്രൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ഇത്തിരിപ്പൂവേ ചുവന്നപൂവേ]]||കേശവമേനോൻ ||[[പി.വി. ഗംഗാധരൻ]] || [[ഭരതൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ഭരതൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ആരോരുമറിയാതെ]]||പ്രൊഫ്. പണിക്കർ || റോസമ്മ ജോർജ്|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1984 ||[[ജീവിതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജീവിതം]]||രാജൻ മേനോൻ ||കെ ബാലാജി || കെ വിജയൻ |- |1984 ||[[ഒരു പൈങ്കിളിക്കഥ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി || വരദ ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[മോർച്ചറി]] ||സി കൃഷ്ണദാസ് || പുഷ്പരാജൻ|| [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പിൻനിലാവ്]]||കേശവപ്പണിക്കർ ||സെഞ്ച്വറി || [[പി ജി വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1983 ||[[നാണയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നാണയം]]|| വിശ്വനാഥൻ മുതലാളി|| സി എസ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1983 ||[[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||മമ്മദ് കുട്ടി || [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[എന്നെ ഞാൻ തേടുന്നു]]||മാധവമേനോൻ/ഗോപിനാഥമേനോൻ || പി രാമചന്ദ്രൻ|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ്]]||ഡി.വൈ.എസ് പി ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[അങ്കം]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ലോറൻസ് || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1983 ||[[ബന്ധം]] ||വാസു ||മോഹൻ ശർമ്മ|| [[വിജയാനന്ദ് ]] |- |1983 ||[[പാലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം) |പാലം]] ||കോണ്ട്രാക്ടർ കുമാരൻ || എം ഹസ്സൻ ,സൈനബ് ഹസ്സൻ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1983||[[ആധിപത്യം]] ||സുലൈമാൻ ||സൌപർണ്ണിക ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1983||[[ആന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആന]]||ജബ്ബാർ || [[ടി.പി. മാധവൻ]],[[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[യുദ്ധം]] ||രാമു || [[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[അറബിക്കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അറബിക്കടൽ]] || സേവ്യർ മുതലാളി||അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ ||[[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1983 ||[[സംരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംരംഭം]] ||വാസു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ബേബി (സംവിധായകൻ)|ബേബി]] |- |1983 ||[[പാസ്പോർട്ട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പാസ്പോർട്ട് ]] ||ബാലൻ ||പുഷ്പരാജൻ || [[തമ്പി കണ്ണന്താനം ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആയുധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആയുധം]] ||സത്യപാലൻ ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[പടയോട്ടം ]] ||ദേവരാജരാജൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || ജിജോ പുന്നൂസ് |- |1982 ||[[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]] ||മാധവൻകുട്ടി മേനോൻ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1982 ||[[ആരംഭം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരംഭം]]|| മൊയ്തു||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] ||[[ജോഷി]] |- |1982 ||[[കർത്തവ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കർത്തവ്യം]]||മേജർ രാംകുമാർ || വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്|| [[ജോഷി ]] |- |1981 ||[[കാട്ടുപോത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്ടുപോത്ത്]] || ||യുണൈറ്റഡ് ആർട്ട്സ് || [[പി ഗോപികുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]] ||സ്കൂൾ മാനേജർ ||[[മധു]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1981 ||[[ഇര തേടുന്ന മനുഷ്യർ]] || ജമാൽ|| ഒ അബ്ദുൾ ഹമീദ് ആന്റ് ബ്രദേഴ്സ്|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1981 ||[[ദന്തഗോപുരം]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ || രഞ്ജിത് ഫിലിംസ്|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[പിന്നെയും പൂക്കുന്ന കാട്]] ||അരവിന്ദൻ ||[[എം. മണി]] || ശ്രീനി കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ |- |1981 ||[[രക്തം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രക്തം]] ||വിശ്വൻ || അപ്പച്ചൻ (വി സി ജോർജ്ജ്)|| [[ജോഷി]] |- |1981 ||[[താറാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|താറാവ്]] ||ചേന്നൻ || എൻ കെ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ,എൻ പ്രേംകുമാർ|| [[ജേസി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി]] || പ്രഭാകരമേനോൻ||[[മധു]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1981 ||[[കോളിളക്കം]] ||പ്രഭാകരൻ ||സി വി ഹരിഹരൻ || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1981 ||[[സംഭവം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സംഭവം]]||മത്തായി ||മജീന്ദ്രൻ,ബാബു തോമസ്‌ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ|പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1981 ||[[അരിക്കാരി അമ്മു]] ||അപ്പുക്കുട്ടൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ജെ ശശികുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ആക്രമണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആക്രമണം]]|| വർഗീസ്|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1981 ||[[ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി]]||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ ഷാജി || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1980 ||[[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]] ||വർമ്മാജി ||[[മധു]] || [[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[അമ്പലവിളക്ക്]] ||ഗോപി || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[ഇതിലെ വന്നവർ|ഇതിലേ വന്നവർ]]||രാജശേഖരൻ, എസ് ഐ രാജൻ(ഇരട്ടവേഷം) ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[അകലങ്ങളിൽ അഭയം]] ||അഡ്വ. രഘുരാമൻ ||ജോയ് കുര്യാ‍ക്കോസ്,സി ചാക്കോ || [[ജേസി]] |- |1980 ||[[തീക്കടൽ]] ||ഡോ.ദിവാകരൻ ||[[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] || [[നവോദയ അപ്പച്ചൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[സ്വന്തം എന്ന പദം]] ||കൃഷ്ണകുമാർ || [[പി കെ കൈമൾ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1980 ||[[മുത്തുച്ചിപ്പികൾ]] || ഗോപി|| സി ദാസ്|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1980 ||[[രജനീഗന്ധി]] ||ഗോപിനാഥ് ||എൻ ജി ജോൺ || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1980|| [[ദീപം (സിനിമ)|ദീപം]]||വർമ്മ || രഞ്ജി മാത്യു|| [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1980 ||[[മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മീൻ]] ||കുര്യാക്കോസ് || എൻ ജി ജോൺ|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[കൃഷ്ണപ്പരുന്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൃഷ്ണപരുന്ത്]] ||വക്കീൽ ||ബാബു ജോർജ് || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1979 ||[[പുഷ്യരാഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുഷ്യരാഗം]] ||ഡോക്ടർ || അബ്ബാസ്,വി വി ആന്റണി|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[കതിർമണ്ഡപം]] ||ചാർളി ||എം ഹസ്സൻ ,അമ്പലത്തറ ദിവാകരൻ || കെ പി പിള്ള |-] |1979 ||[[അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം]] ||സബ് ഇൻസ്പെകർ വിശ്വനാഥൻ || [[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പതിവ്രത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പതിവ്രത]] ||ബാലു || മേഘാലയ ഫിലിംസ്|| എം എസ് ചക്രവർത്തി |- |1979 ||[[ഇടവഴിയിലെ പൂച്ച മിണ്ടാപ്പൂച്ച]] || ഡോ.രാജ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[സിംഹാസനം (1979ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിംഹാസനം]] ||ഗോപാലൻ/രാമു ||[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |- |1979 ||[[അനുഭവങ്ങളേ നന്ദി]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||പൂർണ്ണശ്രീ ആർട്ട്സ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1979 ||[[ഹൃദയത്തിന്റെ നിറങ്ങൾ]] || ബാലു|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1979 || [[കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ട് നീലി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ടു നീലി]] ||ഹേമചന്ദ്രൻ || [[എം. മണി|എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ജീവിതം ഒരു ഗാനം]]||മാത്തുക്കുട്ടി ||എം ആർ സിനി ആർട്സ് || [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1979 ||[[ശുദ്ധികലശം]] || വിജയകുമാർ|| [[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[പ്രതീക്ഷ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രതീക്ഷ]]||ആർ.കെ നായർ ||വിജയ് കുമാർ || ,ശ്രീകുമാർ ചന്ദ്രഹാസൻ |- |1979 ||[[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]||ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[മധു]] || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[കായലും കയറും]] || ചെല്ലപ്പൻ|| എം എസ് ശിവസ്വാമി,ബാലഗംഗാധര തിലകൻ,പി ടി ശ്രീനിവാസൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1979 ||[[മനുഷ്യൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ || പി രവീന്ദ്രൻ |- |1979 ||[[ഇനിയെത്ര സന്ധ്യകൾ]] || തോമസ്|| പാറശ്ശാല ദിവാകരൻ,മുല്ലശ്ശേരി മുകുന്ദൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1979 ||[[എനിക്കു ഞാൻ സ്വന്തം]] || വാസു|| [[എം മണി]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1979 ||[[ഒരു രാഗം പല താളം]] ||വിനോദ് ||ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌ ,[[ശ്രീവിദ്യ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1979 ||[[വേനലിൽ ഒരു മഴ]] ||വാസു || [[സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം കുമാർ]]|| [[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി ]] |- |1978 ||[[അവർ ജീവിക്കുന്നു]]||കുമാർ || ആർ ദേവരാജൻ ||[[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാണെന്റെ വഴി]]||ഡോ.വിജയൻ/ഭാർഗ്ഗവൻ ||പരിമല പിക്ചേര്സ് || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉത്രാട രാത്രി]]||വക്കീൽ || എൽ രാജലക്ഷ്മികുഞ്ഞമ്മ|| [[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[നാലുമണിപ്പൂക്കൾ ]]||ജോയി മുതലാളി ||[[ടി ആർ ശ്രീനിവാസൻ ]] || [[കെ.എസ്. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|കെ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സീമന്തിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സീമന്തിനി]]||സാം മാത്യു ||[[എൻ ശരത്കുമാർ ]] || [[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[രണ്ടു പെൺകുട്ടികൾ]]||ഡോ.മാധവൻ നായർ ||[[എൻ സി മേനോൻ]],[[ഗോപികൃഷ്ണൻ]] || [[എം മോഹൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ മുഖങ്ങൾ]]||ദേവദാസ് ||കെ സി ജോയ് || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[സൊസൈറ്റി ലേഡി ]]|| ശ്രീധരൻ||[[അരീഫ ഹസ്സൻ]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1978 ||[[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]|| ബാബു|| [[മധു]],[[എം മണി]]|| [[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അഗ്നി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഗ്നി]]||സുലൈമാൻ || [[പി‌എംകെ ബാപ്പു]],[[ഹസ്സൻ]]|| [[സി രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||ഡോ.ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[മധു]]|| [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[റൗഡി രാമു]] ||രാമു || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1978 || [[ഈ മനോഹര തീരം]] || സുകുമാരൻ കുട്ടി മേനോൻ|| എ ജെ കുരിയാക്കോസ്|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[സ്നേഹിക്കാൻ സമയമില്ല]]||രാജൻ ||ശ്രീകാന്ത് || [[വിജയാനന്ദ്]] |- |1978 ||[[വാടകയ്ക്ക് ഒരു ഹൃദയം]] ||സദാശിവൻ പിള്ള || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ജലതരംഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ ||ആർ എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ബീന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബീന]] ||ശ്രീനിവാസ് ||തൃക്കുന്നപ്പുഴ വിജയകുമാർ || [[കെ. നാരായണൻ (ചിത്രസംയോജകൻ)|കെ നാരായണൻ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഞാൻ ഞാൻ മാത്രം]] ||ചന്ദ്രൻ പിള്ള ||[[എം ഓ ജോസഫ്]] || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[കന്യക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കന്യക]]||ശ്രീകുമാർ || പി എസ് നായർ|| [[ജെ.ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1978 ||[[ഇതാ ഒരു മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||മധുസൂദനൻ തമ്പി ||ഹേംനാഗ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ് || [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഈറ്റ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഈറ്റ]]|| വറൂതുണ്ണി|| ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1978 ||[[ഉറക്കം വരാത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ജയൻ || [[എം മണി]]|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ആരാധന]] ||ആനന്ദ് ||ടി സത്യദേവി || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[ആ നിമിഷം]] || പ്രഭാകരൻ||ജോസ്‌‌കുട്ടി ചെറുപുഷ്പം || [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[കാവിലമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാവിലമ്മ]] ||ഡോ.ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||ഖാദർ,ഖലം || [[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[സരിത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സരിത]] ||വില്യംസ് ||സുവർണ രേഖ || പി പി ഗോവിന്ദൻ |- |1977 ||[[നുരയും പതയും ]] ||കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി ||[[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] || [[ജെ.ഡി. തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1977 ||[[അകലെ ആകാശം ]] ||രവീന്ദ്രൻ || [[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]]|| [[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[വിടരുന്ന മൊട്ടുകൾ]] ||ഹെഡ്മാസ്റ്റർ സത്യശീലൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[റൗഡി രാജമ്മ]] ||ഇൻസ്പെക്റ്റർ ശങ്കർ|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1977 ||[[അപരാധി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അപരാധി]] || ജയചന്ദ്രൻ||[[എസ് പാവമണി]] || [[പി. എൻ. സുന്ദരം]] |- |1977 ||[[യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യുദ്ധകാണ്ഡം]] ||പ്രസാദ് ||അഷ്‌റഫ് ഫിലിംസ് || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി ]] |- |1977 ||[[ഇതാ ഇവിടെ വരെ]] ||പള്ളി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[ഐ വി ശശി]] |- |1977 ||[[ശാന്ത ഒരു ദേവത]] ||രാജൻ ||[[കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര]],ശാരദ കെ പി കൊട്ടാരക്കര || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1977 ||[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] || മോഹൻ||[[എം. മണി]] || [[മധു]] |- |1977 ||[[നീതിപീഠം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നീതിപീഠം]] ||പീറ്റർ/ശങ്കരൻ ||[[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] || [[ക്രോസ്‌ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1977 ||[[പൂജയ്ക്കെടുക്കാത്ത പൂക്കൾ]]||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]],[[പ്രേം നവാസ്]] ||[[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[മുത്ത് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുത്ത്]] ||തങ്കപ്പൻ || ഡോ തോമസ് മാത്യു|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |- |1976 ||[[മാനസവീണ]] ||രവി ||ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മിഗണേഷ് പിക്ചേർസ് || ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1976 ||[[അമ്മ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്മ]] ||വേണുഗോപാലൻ തമ്പി ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1976 ||[[സമസ്യ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]] || ശങ്കരവാര്യർ|| കലാരത്നം|| കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1976 || [[കന്യാദാനം]]||ജഗദീശ് ||സി സി ബേബി || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[തെമ്മാടി വേലപ്പൻ]] ||രാഘവൻ ||ജി പി ബാലൻ || [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ ]] |- |1976 ||[[യക്ഷഗാനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യക്ഷഗാനം]] ||രവി ||മതിഒളി ഷണ്മുഖം || [[ഷീല]] |- |1976 ||[[തീക്കനൽ]] ||വിനോദ് || ജോർജ് തോമസ്‌|| [[മധു ]] |- |1976 ||[[ഹൃദയം ഒരു ക്ഷേത്രം]]||ഡോ.രമേഷ് ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 ||[[സിന്ധു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സിന്ധു]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || ആർ സോമനാഥൻ|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 || [[സമ്മാനം (1975-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സമ്മാനം]] ||രഘു ||[[തിരുപ്പതി ചെട്ടിയാർ]] || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വർണ്ണമത്സ്യം]] ||രാഘവൻ ||പി‌എം ശ്രീനിവാസൻ || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1975 ||[[സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വാമി അയ്യപ്പൻ]] ||അതിഥിതാരം || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1975 || [[ഓമനക്കുഞ്ഞ് ]] ||രാമു ||[[കെ.പി. കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] || [[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- |1975 ||[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] ||ഫെർണാണ്ടസ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1975 ||[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]] ||വിൻസെന്റ് ||[[മധു]] || [[മധു]] |- |1974||[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||മാർത്താണ്ഡൻ തമ്പി || [[മധു]]||[[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ ]]||കുഞ്ഞുരാമൻ ||കെ പി എ സി ഫിലിംസ് || [[മധു]] |- |1974 ||[[ഭൂമീദേവി പുഷ്പിണിയായി]]||ജഗദീശ് || പികെ കൈമൾ|| [[ഹരിഹരൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|ടി ഹരിഹരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[ഒരു പിടി അരി ]]||ശ്രീകണ്ഠൻ നായർ || ടി മോഹൻ|| [[പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1974 ||[[യൗവനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യൗവനം]]|| മോഹൻ||[[പി. സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[ബാബു നന്തൻകോട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചുക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചുക്ക്]] ||ചാക്കോച്ചൻ ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[സൗന്ദര്യപൂജ ]] ||രാജൻ||അജയചിത്ര || [[ബി കെ പൊറ്റക്കാട്]] |- |1973 ||[[ചെണ്ട (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെണ്ട]] ||അപ്പു || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[ഏണിപ്പടികൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഏണിപ്പടികൾ]] ||കേശവപ്പിള്ള ||[[കാമ്പിശ്ശേരി കരുണാകരൻ]] || [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[പോലീസ് അറിയരുത്]] ||ജയിംസ് ||എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ || എം എസ് സെന്തിൽ കുമാർ |- |1973 ||[[നഖങ്ങൾ (1973-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നഖങ്ങൾ]]||ശങ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1973 ||[[സ്വപ്നം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വപ്നം]] ||വിശ്വം || ശിവൻ|| ബാബു നന്തൻകോട് |- |1973 ||[[സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി |സ്വർഗ്ഗപുത്രി]] ||ബാബു || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973||[[മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മനുഷ്യപുത്രൻ]]||കാർത്തികേയൻ ||കടക്കാവൂർ തങ്കപ്പൻ || ബേബി,ഋഷി |- |1973 ||[[മഴക്കാറ്]]||പ്രഭാകരൻ || [[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]]|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[തിരുവാഭരണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിരുവാഭരണം]] ||രാഘവൻ || [[ഇ. കെ. ത്യാഗരാജൻ]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973 ||[[യാമിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യാമിനി]] ||ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ ||[[കെ സി ജോയ്]],[[എം എസ് ജോസഫ്]] || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1973 || [[മാധവിക്കുട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാധവിക്കുട്ടി]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ കുട്ടി || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ |ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി|തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1973 ||[[തെക്കൻ കാറ്റ്]] ||ബാബു|| [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1973||[[കാട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാട്]]||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1973 ||[[ഉദയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉദയം]]||രാജശേഖരൻ || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1973 ||[[ദിവ്യദർശനം]] ||വേണു || ഭാരതിമേനോൻ || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്വയംവരം]] ||വിശ്വനാഥൻ || ചിത്രലേഖ ഫിലിംസ്|| [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[ലക്ഷ്യം]] ||ശശി ||ജിപ്‌സൺ || ജിപ്‌സൺ |- |1972 ||[[ദേവി (മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ദേവി]] || ||[[എം.ഒ. ജോസഫ്]] || [[കെ. എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[അഴിമുഖം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അഴിമുഖം]] ||ഹംസ || കൃഷ്ണൻകുട്ടി , പി വിജയൻ|| [[പി വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുള്ളിമാൻ (1972-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുള്ളിമാൻ]] ||ദേവയ്യൻ ||പൊന്നപ്പൻ ഇ ||എൻ ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- |1972 ||[[പ്രീതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പ്രീതി]] ||കൃഷ്ണദാസ് ||കെ കെ എസ് കൈമൾ || [[വില്യം തോമസ്]] |- |1972 ||[[തീർത്ഥയാത്ര]] ||രാജഗോപാൽ || [[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]]|| [[എ. വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1972||[[ആറടി മണ്ണിന്റെ ജന്മി]]|| പ്രസാദ്||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]] ||ഗോവിന്ദൻ നായർ || [[മധു]] ||[[മധു]] |- |1972 ||[[ഇനി ഒരു ജന്മം തരൂ]] ||രഘു || അമ്മ പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻസ്|| [[കെ വിജയൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മനുഷ്യബന്ധങ്ങൾ]] ||മാധവൻ കുട്ടി ||കാർത്തിക ഫിലിംസ് || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[പുത്രകാമേഷ്ടി]] || കേശവൻ നായർ/കരുണാകരൻ ഐ.പി എസ്|| പി എസ് ചെട്ടി,പി അപ്പു നായർ|| [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി ]] |- |1972 ||[[ചെമ്പരത്തി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്പരത്തി]] ||ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ ||[[എസ്.കെ. നായർ]] || [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[പണിമുടക്ക് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പണിമുടക്ക്]] ||കേശവൻ ||[[ പി എൻ മേനോൻ]],എം‌ ബി പിഷാരടി|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1972 || [[വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളേ ഇതിലേ ഇതിലേ]] || || മിന്നൽ|| [[ജോൺ ഏബ്രഹാം]] |- |1972 || [[നാടൻ പ്രേമം]] ||ഇക്കോരൻ ||എൻ വിശ്വേശ്വരയ്യ,പി‌ എസ് ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ || [[ക്രോസ്ബെൽറ്റ് മണി]] |- |1972||[[ഗന്ധർവ്വക്ഷേത്രം]]||സതീശൻ ||[[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1972 ||[[സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴി തുറക്കു|സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴിതുറക്കൂ]]||കൃഷ്ണൻ നമ്പൂതിരി ||സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1972 ||[[മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മാപ്പുസാക്ഷി ]] || കൃഷ്ണൻ കുട്ടി|| യുണൈറ്റഡ് പ്രൊഡ്യൂസേഴ്സ്|| [[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- |1971 || [[കരകാണാക്കടൽ]] ||കറിയ || [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 || [[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] ||കേശവൻ || [[യൂസഫലി കേച്ചേരി]]|| [[മധു]] |- |1971 ||[[ലൈൻ ബസ്സ്]] ||ഗോപി ||സി സി ബേബി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[മൂന്നു പൂക്കൾ]] ||വേണുഗോപാൽ || സുന്ദർലാൽ നഹാത,എസ് സൗന്തപ്പൻ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ജലകന്യക ]] ||മാധവൻ ||കലാലയ ഫിലിംസ് || [[എം.എസ്. മണി]] |- |1971 ||[[ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഇൻക്വിലാബ് സിന്ദാബാദ് ]] ||ശ്രീധരൻ ||കെ എസ് ആർ മൂർത്തി || [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[പ്രതിസന്ധി (ഹ്രസ്വചിത്രം)|പ്രതിസന്ധി]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് || || [[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[ശരശയ്യ]] || ഡോ. ഹരീന്ദ്രനാഥ്|| പിവി സത്യം,മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്)|| [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി]] |- |1971 ||[[വിലയ്ക്കുവാങ്ങിയ വീണ]] ||വേണു || സുചിത്രമഞ്ജരി|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ ]] |- |1971 ||[[ബോബനും മോളിയും (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ബോബനും മോളിയും]] ||ബാലൻ ||രവി ഏബ്രഹാം || [[ജെ. ശശികുമാർ|ശശികുമാർ]] |- |1971 ||[[ആഭിജാത്യം]] || മാധവൻ||[[ആർ.എസ്. പ്രഭു]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1971 ||[[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]] || മായൻ|| താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1971 ||[[കൊച്ചനിയത്തി]] ||രാജു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1971 ||[[വിത്തുകൾ]] || ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ||ആരാധന മൂവീസ് || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[ഭീകര നിമിഷങ്ങൾ]]||വേണുഗോപാൽ || വി അരുണാചലം ,ചിന്ന അണ്ണാമലൈ|| [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1970 ||[[തുറക്കാത്ത വാതിൽ]] ||വാസു || എ രഘുനാഥ്|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പ്രിയ]] ||ഗോപൻ || എൻ പി അബു|| [[മധു]] |- |1970 ||[[സ്ത്രീ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്ത്രീ]] ||രവി || മുഹമ്മദ്‌ ആസം (ആസം ഭായ്) || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[പളുങ്കുപാത്രം]]|| രവി||ശബരിനാഥൻ || [[തിക്കുറിശ്ശി സുകുമാരൻ നായർ|തിക്കുറിശ്ശി ]] |- |1970 ||[[നിലയ്ക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നിലക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ]] || സാം|| മിസ്സിസ് കെ സുകുമാരൻ|| കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1970 ||[[കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി]] ||രാജപ്പൻ ||സി ജെ ബേബി,പി സി ഇട്ടൂപ്പ് ||[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1970 ||[[അഭയം]] || പ്രൊഫ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ|| [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1970||[[സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ]]|| ഡോ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1970 || [[ഓളവും തീരവും]]|| ബാപ്പുട്ടി||[[പി.എ. ബക്കർ]] || [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] |- |1970 || [[അമ്പലപ്രാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്പലപ്രാവ്]] ||രാജേന്ദ്രൻ ||താരാചന്ദ്ഭർജാത്യ || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[ജന്മഭൂമി (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|ജന്മഭൂമി]] ||ജോണി || [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]]|| [[ജോൺ ശങ്കരമംഗലം]] |- |1969 ||[[കുരുതിക്കളം |കുരുതിക്കളം]] ||രഘു || സിനി യുണൈറ്റഡ്|| എ കെ സഹദേവൻ |- |1969 ||[[ആൽമരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആൽമരം]] ||ഗോപി || ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[കള്ളിച്ചെല്ലമ്മ]] ||ചന്ദ്രപ്പൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1969 ||[[വില കുറഞ്ഞ മനുഷ്യൻ]] ||രാജൻ || പി രാമസ്വാമി|| എം എ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ |- |1969 ||[[നദി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നദി]] ||സണ്ണി ||[[ഹരി പോത്തൻ]] || [[എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1969 ||[[വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച]] ||രാജൻ ||എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1969 ||[[വിരുന്നുകാരി]] ||സേതു || [[പി. വേണു]]||[[പി. വേണു]] |- |1969 ||[[സാത്ത് ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാനി]] ||സുബോധ് സന്യാൽ || || |- |1969 ||''[[വീട്ടുമൃഗം]]'' ||വിജയൻ || [[പി സുകുമാരൻ]],[[ജി അർജ്ജുനൻ]]|| [[പി വേണു]] |- |1968 ||[[തുലാഭാരം]] || ബാബു|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1968||[[കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കടൽ]] ||ആന്റണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വിപ്ലവകാരികൾ ]] ||മേനോൻ || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[അദ്ധ്യാപിക (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അദ്ധ്യാപിക]] ||ചാക്കോ സാർ ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1968||[[വഴിപിഴച്ച സന്തതി]] ||ഉണ്ണി ||[[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] || [[ഒ. രാംദാസ്]] |- |1968||[[മനസ്വിനി ]] || ഹരിദാസ്||എൻ വാസുമേനോൻ || പി ഭാസ്കരൻ |- |1968||[[രാഗിണി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രാഗിണി ]] ||രവി || കെ എൻ മൂർത്തി|| പി ബി ഉണ്ണി |- |1968||[[കറുത്ത പൗർണ്ണമി ]] || ബാലു||[[എൻ ജി മേനോൻ]] || നാരായണൻകുട്ടി വല്ലത്ത് |- |1967||[[കദീജ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കദീജ]] || ഡോ.സലിം||കലാരത്ന || [[എം. കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ (സംവിധായകൻ)|എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1967||[[കറുത്ത രാത്രികൾ]] ||ഡോ.ശാന്തൻ || [[പി. സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം]]|| [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1967||[[ചെകുത്താന്റെ കോട്ട]] ||ഭാസ്കരൻ || എം എം നേശൻ|| എം എം നേശൻ |- |1967||[[ഒള്ളതുമതി ]] || ബാബു||എം പി ചന്ദ്രശേഖര പിള്ള || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1967||[[അവൾ ]] || ജോയ്||മുഹമ്മദ് സർക്കാർ || പി എം എ അസീസ്‌ |- |1967 ||[[അന്വേഷിച്ചു കണ്ടെത്തിയില്ല]] ||ആന്റണി || കെ രവീന്ദ്രനാഥൻ നായർ|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1967 ||[[ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥ]] ||രാജശേഖരൻ || പി‌ എസ് ദാസ്,പി കെ ദേവദാസ് || വേണുഗോപാല മേനോൻ (പി വേണു) |- |1967 ||[[ലേഡി ഡോക്ടർ]] ||ജോണി ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || കെ സുകുമാരൻ നായർ |- |1967 ||[[അശ്വമേധം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അശ്വമേധം]]|| സദാനന്ദൻ|| [[ഹരിപോത്തൻ|ഹരി പോത്തൻ]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1967 ||[[രമണൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രമണൻ]] || മാധവൻ|| [[ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട്]]|| ഡി എം പൊറ്റേക്കാട് |- |1967 ||[[നഗരമേ നന്ദി]] ||രാഘവൻ ||[[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ|ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]] || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്|എ വിൻസന്റ്]] |- |1966 ||[[തിലോത്തമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിലോത്തമ]] ||ഉസ്മാൻ || [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]]|| [[കുഞ്ചാക്കോ]] |- |1966 ||[[കരുണ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കരുണ]] ||യൂണിയൻ ലീഡർ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1966 ||[[മാണിക്യക്കൊട്ടാരം]] ||വേണു ||എച്ച് എച്ച് അബ്ദുള്ള സേട്ട് || യു രാജഗോപാൽ |- |1966||[[അർച്ചന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അർച്ചന]]||രാജഗോപാലൻ ||റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ || കെ എസ് സേതുമാധവൻ |- |1966 ||[[പുത്രി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പുത്രി]] ||ബാബു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[തൊമ്മന്റെ മക്കൾ]] ||കുഞ്ഞച്ചൻ || കാശിനാഥൻ|| ശശികുമാർ |- |1965 ||[[അമ്മു]] ||ഭാസി ||എം കേശവൻ || എൻ എൻ പിഷാരടി |- |1965 || [[മുറപ്പെണ്ണ്]]||കേശവൻ കുട്ടി ||ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ || [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1965 ||[[കല്യാണഫോട്ടോ ]] ||എസ്.ഐ ജോൺ || റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ|| ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ |- |1965 ||[[കളിയോടം]] ||ഡോ.വേണു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ചെമ്മീൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചെമ്മീൻ]] ||പരീക്കുട്ടി || ബാബു സേട്ട്|| രാമു കാര്യാട്ട് |- |1965 ||[[കാട്ടുപൂക്കൾ]] ||ജോണീ ||കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ || കെ തങ്കപ്പൻ |- |1965||[[മായാവി (1965-ലെ ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മായാവി]] ||മധു ||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || ജി കെ രാമു |- |1965 ||[[സുബൈദ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സുബൈദ]] ||അഹമ്മദ് ||എച്ച് എച്ച് ഇബ്രാഹിം || [[എം എസ് മണി]] |- |1965 ||[[പട്ടുതൂവാല]] || ജോർജ്||[[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] || [[പി സുബ്രമണ്യം]] |- |1965 ||[[ജീവിതയാത്ര]] ||രാജൻ ||മാസ്റർ ഗണേഷ് || കൊട്ടാരക്കര ശശികുമാർ |- | 1965||[[സർപ്പക്കാട്]] || ഡോ.ബാലൻ||പി കെ സത്യപാൽ || [[ജെ ഡി തോട്ടാൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ആദ്യകിരണങ്ങൾ]] ||പാപ്പച്ചൻ ||വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] || [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[മണവാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മണവാട്ടി]] ||ബാബു || എം രാജു മാത്തൻ|| [[കെ.എസ്. സേതുമാധവൻ]] |- |1964 ||[[ഭാർഗ്ഗവീനിലയം]] ||കവി || [[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി]]|| [[എ. വിൻസെന്റ്]] |- |1964 ||[[കുട്ടിക്കുപ്പായം]] ||സിദ്ദീഖ് ||[[റ്റി ഇ വാസുദേവൻ]] || [[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |1964 ||[[തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തച്ചോളി ഒതേനൻ]] ||പയ്യംവള്ളി ചന്തു ||[[ടി.കെ. പരീക്കുട്ടി|ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || എസ് എസ് രാജൻ |- |1963 ||[[അമ്മയെ കാണാൻ]] ||ബാലഗോപാൽ || വി അബ്ദുള്ള,[[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]]|| [[പി ഭാസ്കരൻ]] |- |1963 ||[[മൂടുപടം]] ||കൊച്ചുകുഞ്ഞ് ||[[ടി കെ പരീക്കുട്ടി]] || [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] |- |1963 ||[[നിണമണിഞ്ഞ കാല്പാടുകൾ|നിണമണിഞ്ഞകാല്പാടുകൾ]] ||സ്റ്റീഫൺ || [[ശോഭന പരമേശ്വരൻ നായർ]]|| [[എൻ. എൻ. പിഷാരടി]] |} ====തമിഴ്==== *[[ധർമ്മദുരൈ]] (1991) ===സംവിധാനം=== *[[ഒരു യുഗസന്ധ്യ]] (1986) *[[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]] (1986) *[[ആരാധന (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരാധന]] (1977) – *[[ധീരസമീരേ യമുനാ തീരേ]] (1976) *[[തീക്കനൽ]] (1976) *[[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]] (1975) *[[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]](1975) *[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]] (1974) *[[നീലക്കണ്ണൂകൾ|നീലക്കണ്ണുകൾ]] (1974) *[[സാഥി]] (1972) *[[സിന്ദൂരച്ചെപ്പ്]] (1971) *[[പ്രിയ]] (1970) ===നിർമ്മാണം<ref>{{cite web|title=മധു നിർമ്മിച്ച ചിത്രങ്ങൾ|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=producer&artist=Madhu|publisher=മലയാളസംഗീത്ം ഇൻഫോ|accessdate=2019-11-29|5=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>=== {| class="wikitable" ! ക്ര.നം. !!സിനിമ !!വർഷം !!സംവിധാനം |- | 1 || [[സതി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സതി]]||1972 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |2 || [[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]||1974 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 3 || [[അക്കൽദാമ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അക്കൽദാമ]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 4 || [[കാമം ക്രോധം മോഹം]]||1975 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- |5 || [[അസ്തമയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അസ്തമയം]]||1978 || [[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 6 || [[കൈതപ്പൂ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കൈതപ്പൂ]]||1978 ||[[രഘുരാമൻ]] |- | 7 || [[പ്രഭാതസന്ധ്യ]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 8 || [[ശുദ്ധികലശം]]|| 1979||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 9 || [[വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം |വൈകി വന്ന വസന്തം]]||1980 ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്ര മേനോൻ]] |- | 10 || [[ഗൃഹലക്ഷ്മി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)]]||1981 ||[[എം കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |- |11 || [[അർച്ചന ടീച്ചർ]]||1981 ||[[പി എൻ മേനോൻ]] |- | 12 || [[ഞാൻ ഏകനാണ്]]||1982 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 13 || [[രതിലയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|രതിലയം]]||1983 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 14 || [[ഉദയം പടിഞ്ഞാറ്]]||1986 ||[[മധു (നടൻ)|മധു]] |- | 15 || [[മിനി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മിനി]]||1995 ||[[പി ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |} ===പിന്നണിഗാനം=== * സഹകരിക്കട്ടെ സഹകരിക്ക [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * അറിയൂ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) * രമണീയെന്നിൽ [Bit] ... രമണൻ (1967) ==അവലംബം== {{RL}} {{മികച്ച നടനുള്ള ഫിലിം ഫെയർ അവാർഡ് ലഭിച്ചവർ-മലയാളം}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commons category|Madhu (actor)}} *[http://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Madhu Profile in Malayalasangeetham.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902094341/https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=actors |date=2025-09-02 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1933-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച കുട്ടികളുടെ ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ നിർമ്മാതാവിനുള്ള പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അഭിനയത്തിനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാനസർക്കാർ പ്രത്യേകപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജെ.സി. ദാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്മശ്രീ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച മലയാളികൾ]] cs0y0emhamr1ut7ig15nnoygazk7lhj 0 9752 4644301 4560344 2026-07-08T04:36:02Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|P Bhaskaran}} {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ | image = പി.ഭാസ്കരൻ.jpg | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = mal | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|4|21}} | birth_place = [[കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ]], [[തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ല]], [[കൊച്ചി]] | father =Nandyelathu Padmanabha Menon | mother =Pulloottupadathu Ammalu Amma | spouse = Indira | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2007|2|25|1924|4|21}} | death_place = [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] | occupation = [[കവി]], [[ഗാനരചയിതാവ്]], [[ചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകൻ]] | website = {{URL|http://www.pbhaskaran.net}} |partners=പത്മനാഭമേനോന്റെയും (പിതാവ്) <br> അമ്മാളു അമ്മ (മാതാവ്)}} മലയാളത്തിലെ ഒരു പ്രശസ്ത കവിയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവുമായിരുന്നു<ref>{{cite news|title = കവർസ്റ്റോറി|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/383|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 686|date = 2011 ഏപ്രിൽ 18|accessdate = 2013 മാർച്ച് 12|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> '''പി.ഭാസ്കരൻ''' (ഭാസ്കരൻ മാസ്റ്റർ, 1924 ഏപ്രിൽ  21- 2007 ഫെബ്രുവരി 25)<ref name="മലയാളം"/>. ഗാനരചയിതാവ്, ചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകൻ, ചലച്ചിത്രനടൻ, [[ആകാശവാണി]] പ്രൊഡ്യൂസർ, സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യ സമര സേനാനി, ആദ്യകാല കമ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പ്രവർത്തകൻ, പത്രപ്രവർത്തകൻ എന്നിങ്ങനെ വിവിധ നിലകളിലും അദ്ദേഹം പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിരുന്നു.ഇന്നത്തെ [[തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ല|തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ലയിൽ]] പെട്ട [[കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ|കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂരിൽ]] കവിയും അഭിഭാഷകനും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യസമരസേനാനിയുമായിരുന്ന നന്തിലത്ത് പത്മനാഭമേനോന്റെയും പുല്ലൂറ്റുപാടത്ത് അമ്മാളു അമ്മയുടെയും ഒമ്പതുമക്കളിൽ ആറാമത്തെ സന്തതിയായി 1924 ഏപ്രിൽ 21-നാണ് പുല്ലൂറ്റുപാടത്ത് ഭാസ്കരൻ എന്ന പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ ജനിച്ചത്. [[മലയാളം|മലയാള]] ഗാനശാഖയ്ക്ക് ഗണ്യമായ സംഭാവനകൾ നൽകിയ പ്രതിഭാശാലി എന്നനിലയിൽ ഓർമ്മിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ഇദ്ദേഹം [[ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ്|ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റിന്റെ]] സ്ഥാപക ചെയർമാനായും, [[കെ.എഫ്.ഡി.സി|കെ.എഫ്.ഡി.സിയുടെ]] ചെയർമാനായും, [[ദേശാഭിമാനി ദിനപത്രം|ദേശാഭിമാനി ദിനപത്രത്തിന്റെ]] പത്രാധിപരായും, [[ജയകേരളം മാസിക]], [[ദീപിക വാരിക]] എന്നിവയുടെ പത്രാധിപ സമിതി അംഗമായും സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട് . == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == ഇന്നത്തെ [[തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ല|തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ലയിൽ]] പെട്ട [[കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂർ|കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂരിൽ]] കവിയും അഭിഭാഷകനും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യസമരസേനാനിയുമായിരുന്ന നന്തിലത്ത് പത്മനാഭമേനോന്റെയും പുല്ലൂറ്റുപാടത്ത് അമ്മാളു അമ്മയുടെയും ഒമ്പതുമക്കളിൽ ആറാമത്തെ സന്തതിയായി 1924 ഏപ്രിൽ 21-നാണ് പുല്ലൂറ്റുപാടത്ത് ഭാസ്കരൻ എന്ന പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ ജനിച്ചത്. ഭാസ്കരൻ അഞ്ചാം ക്ലാസിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ പത്മനാഭമേനോൻ മരിച്ചു. [[ശൃംഗപുരം]] ഗവ: ബോയ്സ് ഹൈസ്കൂളിലും [[മഹാരാജാസ് കോളേജ്|മഹാരാജാസ് കോളേജിലുമായാണ്]] അദ്ദേഹം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയത്. ഏഴാം ക്ലാസിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ കവിതകൾ എഴുതിത്തുടങ്ങിയ ഭാസ്കരന്റെ ആദ്യകവിതകൾ അധികവും അക്കാലത്തെ മാസികകളിലൂടെയാണ് പുറത്തുവന്നത്. == രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തനം == വിദ്യാഭ്യാസകാലത്ത് പുരോഗമന പ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ഭാസ്കരൻ 1942-ൽ [[ക്വിറ്റിന്ത്യാ സമരം|ക്വിറ്റിന്ത്യാ സമര]]ത്തോടനുബന്ധിച്ച് ജയിൽ വാസം വരിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. പിന്നീട് [[കമ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ്]] പ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങളുടെ സഹയാത്രികനായി മാറിയ അദ്ദേഹം അക്കാലത്ത് ഒളിവിലും തടവിലും കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഓൾ കൊച്ചിൻ സ്റ്റുഡന്റ്സ് അസോസിയേഷൻ എന്ന വിദ്യാർത്ഥിസംഘടനയുടെ ജനറൽ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി അദ്ദേഹം പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. വയലാർ വെടിവെപ്പിനെ കുറിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം രചിച്ച ''വയലാർ ഗർജ്ജിക്കുന്നു'' എന്ന സമാഹാരം [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ|തിരുവിതാംകൂറിൽ]] ദിവാൻ [[സി.പി. രാമസ്വാമി അയ്യർ]] നിരോധിച്ചിരുന്നു. വളരെ പിന്നീട് അദ്ദേഹം രാഷ്ട്രീയം പൂർണ്ണമായും ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച് സാഹിത്യ സാംസ്കാരിക പ്രവർത്തകനായി. ഇക്കാലത്താണ് അദ്ദേഹം അന്ന് മദിരാശി എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന [[ചെന്നൈ]] നഗരത്തിലെത്തുന്നത്. 'ജയകേരളം' എന്ന പേരിൽ അന്നുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഒരു മാസികയിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ചേർന്നു. == കലാജീവിതം == തന്റെ ഇരുപതാമത്തെ വയസിൽത്തന്നെ ആദ്യ കവിതാസമാഹാരം പുറത്തിറക്കിയ അദ്ദേഹം, എക്കാലത്തും [[കാല്പനികത്വം|കാല്പനികത]] ലളിതമായി ചിത്രീകരിക്കാനാണ് ശ്രമിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതെന്നാണ് നിരൂപകരുടെ അഭിപ്രായം. മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രഗാനശാഖയിൽ സംസ്കൃതാതിപ്രസരവും, മറ്റുഭാഷകളിലെ ഗാനങ്ങളുടെ തത്സമങ്ങളും വിളങ്ങിനിന്നിരുന്ന കാലത്ത്, ഒരു ലളിത ഗാന ശൈലി ഉണ്ടാക്കിയത് ഭാസ്കരൻ മാസ്റ്റർ ആണെന്ന് ഏവരും സമ്മതിക്കും. {{cquote|മലയാള ഭാഷയുടെ പിതാവ് [[തുഞ്ചത്തെഴുത്തച്ഛൻ|തുഞ്ചത്തെഴുത്തച്ഛനാണെങ്കിൽ]] മലയാള ഗാനങ്ങളുടെ പിതാവ് പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ ആണ്}} എന്നാണ് [[യൂസഫലി കേച്ചേരി]] പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുള്ളത്. കാൽപ്പനികതക്ക് ജനകീയത നൽകിയ അദ്ദേഹം, നിരാശാന്തമായ ആധുനിക സാഹിത്യത്തിൽ വിശ്വസിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല. 1949-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''അപൂർവ്വസഹോദരർകൾ'' എന്ന തമിഴ് ചിത്രത്തിലെ ബഹുഭാഷാഗാനത്തിൽ ഏതാനും മലയാളം വരികളാണ് അദ്ദേഹം എഴുതിയ ആദ്യ ചലച്ചിത്രഗാനം. മലയാളത്തിൽ ''ചന്ദ്രിക'' എന്ന‍ ചിത്രത്തിനാണ് ആദ്യം പാട്ടെഴുതിയത്. ''നീലക്കുയിൽ'' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ ഗാനങ്ങളോടെ പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്ര മേഖലയുടെ അനിവാര്യ ഘടകമായി. രാഷ്ട്രപതിയുടെ രജതകമലം നേടിയ ഈ ചിത്രം [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്|രാമു കാര്യാട്ടും]] പി. ഭാസ്കരനും ചേർന്ന് സംവിധാനം ചെയ്തതാണ്<ref name="മലയാളം">{{cite news|title = സിനിമ|url = http://malayalamvaarika.com/2013/may/31/essay8.pdf|publisher = [[മലയാളം വാരിക]]|date = 2013 മെയ് 31|accessdate = 2013 ഒക്ടോബർ 08|language = മലയാളം|archive-date = 2016-03-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306110437/http://malayalamvaarika.com/2013/may/31/essay8.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref>. [[ഇരുട്ടിന്റെ ആത്മാവ്|''ഇരുട്ടിന്റെ ആത്മാവ്'',]] ''[[ജഗദ്ഗുരു ആദിശങ്കരൻ|ജഗത്ഗുരു ആദിശങ്കരാചാര്യർ]]'', ''[[കള്ളിച്ചെല്ലമ്മ]]'' തുടങ്ങി 47 ചിത്രങ്ങൾ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്തു. ഏഴു ചിത്രങ്ങൾ നിർമ്മിച്ചിരുന്നു. ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗത്തെ സമഗ്ര സംഭാവനക്ക് [[ജെ.സി. ഡാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം|ജെ.സി. ദാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം]] ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ''അല്ലിയാമ്പൽ കടവിലന്നരയ്ക്കു വെള്ളം..<ref name="മാധ്യമം">{{cite news|title = പാട്ടോർമ്മ|url = http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/487|publisher = [[മാധ്യമം ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ്]] ലക്കം 691|date = 2011 മെയ് 30|accessdate = 2013 മാർച്ച് 18|language = മലയാളം}}</ref>, കദളി വാഴക്കൈയിലിരുന്ന്.., മാമലകൾക്കപ്പുറത്ത്.., പുലർകാല സുന്ദര സ്വപ്നത്തിൽ..'' തുടങ്ങി ഒട്ടനവധി പ്രസിദ്ധ ഗാനങ്ങൾ പി. ഭാസ്കരന്റേതായിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2003-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''സൗദാമിനി'' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിനുവേണ്ടിയാണ് അദ്ദേഹം അവസാനമായി ഗാനരചന നിർവ്വഹിച്ചത്. [[എം.എസ്. ബാബുരാജ്]], [[കെ. രാഘവൻ]] എന്നിവരാണ് ഭാസ്കരന്റെ ഗാനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിപക്ഷത്തിനും ഈണം പകർന്നത്. [[വി. ദക്ഷിണാമൂർത്തി]], [[ജി. ദേവരാജൻ]], [[എം.കെ. അർജ്ജുനൻ]] തുടങ്ങിയവരും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഗാനങ്ങൾക്ക് ഈണം പകർന്നിട്ടുണ്ട്. പി. ഭാസ്കരനും [[വയലാർ രാമവർമ്മ|വയലാർ രാമവർമ്മയും]] എഴുതിയ ഗാനങ്ങൾ അറുപതുകളിലും എഴുപതുകളിലും മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രഗാനലോകത്ത് ഒരു സുവർണകാലം സൃഷ്ടിച്ചു. ഇരുവരും ഇക്കാലത്ത് തുല്യശക്തികളായി നിലകൊണ്ടു. [[കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസ്|കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസും]] [[എസ്. ജാനകി|എസ്. ജാനകിയുമാണ്]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഗാനങ്ങൾ കൂടുതൽ ആലപിച്ചത്. ''ഓർക്കുക വല്ലപ്പോഴും'', ''[[ഒറ്റക്കമ്പിയുള്ള തമ്പുരു (കവിത)|ഒറ്റക്കമ്പിയുള്ള തമ്പുരു]]'', ''വയലാർ ഗർജ്ജിക്കുന്നു'', ''ഒസ്യത്ത്'', ''പാടുന്ന മൺ‌തരികൾ'', ''ഓടക്കുഴലും ലാത്തിയും'' തുടങ്ങിയവയാണ് പ്രധാന കൃതികൾ. ''ഒറ്റക്കമ്പിയുള്ള തമ്പുരു'' എന്ന കൃതിക്ക് 1981-ൽ [[ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരം|ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരവും]], 82-ൽ [[കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം|കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരവും]] ലഭിച്ചു. [[കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി|കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെ]] ഫെലോഷിപ്പും ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2000 ൽ [[വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്കാരം‌|വള്ളത്തോൾ അവാർഡും]] ലഭിച്ചു<ref>[http://malayalam.oneindia.in/news/2000/08/07/ker-award.html പി.ഭാസ്കരന് വള്ളത്തോൾ സമ്മാനം]{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. [[File:Bust of P. Bhaskaran in Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ പി. ഭാസ്കരന്റെ പ്രതിമ]] == മരണം == ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ അവസാനകാലത്ത് [[മേധാക്ഷയം|അൾഷിമേഴ്സ് രോഗം]] ബാധിച്ച ഭാസ്കരന് അടുത്ത ബന്ധുക്കളെപ്പോലും തിരിച്ചറിയാനോ, പഴയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ ഓർമ്മിച്ചെടുക്കാനോ ഒന്നും കഴിഞ്ഞിരുന്നില്ല. ഒരിക്കൽ ഗായിക [[എസ്. ജാനകി|എസ്. ജാനകിക്ക്]] [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] വഴുതക്കാട്ടെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ വീട്ടിൽ വന്നപ്പോഴുണ്ടായ അനുഭവം അതിനുദാഹരണമായി പ്രശസ്ത ചലച്ചിത്രസംഗീതനിരൂപകൻ രവിമേനോൻ ചൂണ്ടിക്കാട്ടുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite book|title=പൂർണ്ണേന്ദുമുഖി|last=[[രവിമേനോൻ]]|first=|publisher=മാതൃഭൂമി ബുക്സ്|year=2015|isbn=9788182665590|edition=2|location=കോഴിക്കോട്|publication-place=കോഴിക്കോട്|pages=30 -33|chapter=തളിരിട്ട കിനാക്കൾ}}</ref> ജാനകിയെ ഓർമ്മയില്ലാതിരുന്ന കവി അവർ പാടിക്കൊടുത്ത തന്റെ ഗാനങ്ങൾ മുഴുവൻ ഓർത്തെടുത്ത് കൂടെപ്പാടി. ഓർമ്മക്കുറവ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ തെല്ലും അലട്ടിയിരുന്നില്ല അപ്പോൾ. പക്ഷേ ആ ഗാനങ്ങൾ താനാണ് എഴുതിയത് എന്ന കാര്യം കവിക്ക് ഓർമ്മയില്ലായിരുന്നു. പൊട്ടിക്കരഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ടാണ് ജാനകി മടങ്ങിയത്. 2007 ആയപ്പോയേക്കും അദ്ദേഹം തീർത്തും അവശനായിക്കഴിഞ്ഞിരുന്നു. ഒടുവിൽ 2007 ഫെബ്രുവരി 25-ന് ഉച്ചയ്ക്ക് 1:10-ന് തന്റെ 83-ആം വയസ്സിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഈ ലോകത്തോട് വിടപറഞ്ഞു. മൃതദേഹം പിറ്റേ ദിവസം പൂർണ ഔദ്യോഗിക ബഹുമതികളോടെ തൈക്കാട് ശാന്തികവാടം ശ്മശാനത്തിൽ സംസ്കരിച്ചു. രാഷ്ട്രീയ-കലാ-സാംസ്കാരിക രംഗങ്ങളിലെ നിരവധി പ്രമുഖർ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് അന്ത്യാഞ്ജലി അർപ്പിച്ചു. == സിനിമകൾ (സംവിധായകൻ, നിർമാതാവ്) == * [[നീലക്കുയിൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|നീലക്കുയിൽ]] ( രാമു കാര്യാട്ടിനൊപ്പം) (1954) * [[രാരിച്ചൻ എന്ന പൗരൻ]] (1956) * [[നായരു പിടിച്ച പുലിവാൽ]] (1958) * [[ഭാഗ്യജാതകം|ഭാഗ്യ ജാതകം]] (1962) * [[ലൈല മജ്നു|ലൈലാ മജ്നു]] (1962) * [[അമ്മയെ കാണാൻ]] (1963) * [[ആദ്യകിരണങ്ങൾ]] (1964) * [[ശ്യാമള ചേച്ചി]] (1965) * [[തറവാട്ടമ്മ]] (1966) * [[അന്വേഷിച്ചു കണ്ടെത്തിയില്ല]] (1967) * [[ഇരുട്ടിൻറെ ആത്മാവ്]] (1967) * [[പരീക്ഷ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|പരീക്ഷ]] (1967) * [[ലക്ഷപ്രഭു]] (1968) * [[അപരാധിനി]] (1968) * [[മനസ്വിനി]] (1968) * [[കാട്ടുകുരങ്ങ്]] (1969) * [[കള്ളിച്ചെല്ലമ്മ]] (1969) * [[മൂലധനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മൂലധനം]] (1969) * [[അമ്പലപ്രാവ് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അമ്പലപ്രാവ്]] (1970) * [[കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കാക്കത്തമ്പുരാട്ടി]] (1970) * സ്ത്രീ (1970) * [[തുറക്കാത്ത വാതിൽ]] (1970) * [[കുരുക്ഷേത്രം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കുരുക്ഷേത്രം]] (1970) * [[മൂന്നു പൂക്കൾ]] (1971) * [[മുത്തശ്ശി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മുത്തശ്ശി]] (1971) * [[നവവധു]] (1971) * [[ഉമ്മാച്ചു (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉമ്മാച്ചു]] (1971) * [[വിലയ്ക്കുവാങ്ങിയ വീണ|വിലയ്ക്കു വാങ്ങിയ വീണ]] (1971) (നിർമ്മാതാവും സംവിധായകനും) * [[വിത്തുകൾ]] (1971) * [[ആറടി മണ്ണിൻറെ ജന്മി]] (1972) (നിർമ്മാതാവും സംവിധായകനും) * [[സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴി തുറക്കു|സ്നേഹദീപമേ മിഴിതുറക്കൂ]] (1972) * [[രാക്കുയിൽ]] (1973) (Only as Producer) * [[ഉദയം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉദയം]] (1973) (Producer & Director) * [[വീണ്ടും പ്രഭാതം]] (1973) * [[അരക്കള്ളൻ മുക്കാൽകള്ളൻ|അരക്കള്ളൻ മുക്കാൽക്കള്ളൻ]] (1974) * [[ഒരു പിടി അരി]] (1974) * [[തച്ചോളിമരുമകൻ ചന്തു|തച്ചോളി മരുമകൻ ചന്തു]] (1974) (നിർമ്മാതാവും സംവിധായകനും) * [[ചുമടുതാങ്ങി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചുമടുതാങ്ങി]] (1975) * [[മറ്റൊരു സീത]] (1975) * [[അപ്പൂപ്പൻ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അപ്പൂപ്പൻ]] (1976) * [[വഴിവിളക്ക്]] (1976) * [[ശ്രീമദ് ഭഗവത്ഗീത (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ശ്രീമദ് ഭഗവദ്ഗീത]] (1977) (നിർമ്മാതാവും സംവിധായകനും) * [[ജഗദ്ഗുരു ആദിശങ്കരൻ]] (1977) (നിർമ്മാതാവും സംവിധായകനും) * [[വിളക്കും വെളിച്ചവും]] (1978) * [[എനിക്ക് വിശക്കുന്നു]] (1983) ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളകവികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രഗാനരചയിതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓടക്കുഴൽ പുരസ്കാരജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച ഗാനരചയിതാവിനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജെ.സി. ദാനിയേൽ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വള്ളത്തോൾ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കവിതക്കുള്ള കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളനാടക ഗാനരചയിതാക്കൾ|മലയാള നാടകഗാനരചയിതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1924-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2007-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഏപ്രിൽ 21-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 25-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] {{kerala-writer-stub}} jlmtks7pcghqya72e32xwf6szm1iztj 0 10459 4644422 4559782 2026-07-08T11:49:37Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Cricket_World_Cup}} {{Infobox Cricket Tournaments | | tournament name = അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് | image = Cricket World Cup best results.png | caption = Best results in the ICC Cricket World Cup | Organisers = [[അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ക്രിക്കറ്റ് കൌൺസിൽ]] | Timeline = 1975 – ഇതുവരെ | Tournament format = [[റൌണ്ട് റോബിൻ]] & [[നോക്കൌട്ട്]] | Tournament participants = 16 (അവസാന ഘട്ടത്തിൽ)¹ | entrants = [[List of International Cricket Council members|97]] | Teams participated = 19² | winner = [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം| ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്]] | Cricket format = [[ഏകദിന ക്രിക്കറ്റ്]] | most wins = [[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]]<small>(അഞ്ച് തവണ ജേതാക്കൾ)</small> | top run scorer = [[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]] (2,278) | top wicket taker = [[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ഗ്ലെൻ മക്ഗ്രാത്ത്]] (71) | footnotes = ¹For 2007 World Cup. ²In World Cup history. }} [[ഐ.സി.സി]] ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് പുരുഷന്മാരുടെ [[ഏകദിന ക്രിക്കറ്റ്|ഏകദിന ക്രിക്കറ്റിന്റെ]] പ്രധാന ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് ആണ്. നാലുവർഷത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ നടക്കുന്ന ഈ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ക്രിക്കറ്റ് കൗൺസിൽ ആണ് സംഘടിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്. പ്രാഥമിക റൌണ്ട് മത്സരങ്ങൾ തൊട്ട് ഫൈനൽ വരെ നീളുന്നതാണ് ഈ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിന്റെ മത്സരക്രമം. ഈ ടൂർണമെന്റ് ലോകത്ത് ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആളുകൾ വീക്ഷിക്കുന്ന കായിക ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണ്.<ref name="CWC" /><ref name="3rd" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scoring Big|url=http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/charter/charter_archive/2003/june_2003/A117967146|author=Peter Switzer|publisher=www.charteredaccountants.com.au|accessdate=2007-02-24|archive-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309152853/http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/charter/charter_archive/2003/june_2003/A117967146|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഐ സി സിയുടെ അഭിപ്രായപ്രകാരം ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകക്കപ്പ് ആണ് ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട കായികമത്സരം. കായിക മത്സരങ്ങളുടെ ഔന്നത്യത്തിനു ഉദാഹരണവുമാണ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകക്കപ്പ്.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket World Cup marketing overview|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/icc-marketing.html|author=[[International Cricket Council]]|publisher=Cricket World Cup 2007|accessdate=2007-01-30|archive-date=2007-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124001408/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/icc-marketing.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket World Cup overview|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/pdfs/icc.pdf|author=[[International Cricket Council]]|publisher=Cricket World Cup 2007|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-01-30|archive-date=2006-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208084434/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/pdfs/icc.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ആദ്യത്തെ ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് 1975-ൽ [[ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്|ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലാണ്]] നടന്നത്. വനിതകൾക്കുള്ള ഒരു ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റും 1973 മുതൽ നാല് വർഷത്തെ ഇടവേളയിൽ നടന്നു വരുന്നു. [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]] ഈ കപ്പ് അഞ്ച് പ്രാവിശ്യം സ്വന്തമാക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇന്ത്യയും വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസും രണ്ടു പ്രാവശ്യവും. പാകിസ്താൻ ശ്രീലങ്ക ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് എന്നീ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ ഓരോ പ്രാവശ്യവും ഈ കപ്പ് സ്വന്തമാക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2003 -ൽ ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയിൽ വച്ചു നടന്ന ലോകകപ്പിൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ഇന്ത്യയെ തോൽ‌പ്പിച്ച് കപ്പ് നേടി. <ref name="AUS2003"> {{cite web| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2870000/newsid_2875100/2875135.stm |publisher=bbc.co.uk|title=Ruthless Aussies lift World Cup|date=[[2003-03-23]] |accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref>16 ടീമുകൾ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന 2007-ലെ ലോകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് മാർച്ച് 13-മുതൽ വെസ്റ്റ്‌ഇൻഡീസിൽനടന്നു ഇതിൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ശ്രീലങ്കയെ തോൽപ്പിച്ചു കപ്പ് നേടി. 2011 ലോകകപ്പിൽ ശ്രീലങ്ക വീണ്ടും അവസാന വട്ടത്തിൽ എത്തിയെങ്കിലും ഇന്ത്യ അവരെ തോൽപ്പിച്ചു ജേതാക്കളായി. == ചരിത്രം == === ആദ്യത്തെ ലോകകപ്പിന് മുമ്പ് === ആദ്യത്തെ [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടെസ്റ്റ്]] മൽസരം 1877-ൽ [[ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്|ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടും]] [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയും]] തമ്മിലാണ് നടന്നത്. തുടർന്നു വന്ന വർഷങ്ങളിൽ ഇരു ടീമുകളും [[ആഷസ് പരമ്പര|ആഷസ് പരമ്പരയിൽ]] സ്ഥിരമായി മത്സരിച്ചു. [[ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക|ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയ്ക്ക്]] [[ടെസ്റ്റ് പദവി]] കിട്ടിയത് 1889-ൽ ആണ്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/australia/content/match/62396.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|date=[[1877-03-15]]|title= 1st Test Scorecard|accessdate=2007-01-28}}</ref> തെരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട ടീമുകൾ പരസ്പരം സന്ദർശിച്ച് മത്സരങ്ങൾ സംഘടിപ്പിച്ചു. 1900-ലെ പാരിസ് ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ഒരു മത്സര ഇനമായി ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുകയും [[ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടൻ]] ഫ്രാൻസിനെ തോൽപ്പിച്ച് സ്വർണ്ണം കരസ്ഥമാക്കുകയുമുണ്ടായി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1900S/1900/OLYMP/GREAT-BRIT_FRANCE_OLYMP_FINAL_19-20AUG1900.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|date=[[1900-08-19]]|title=Olympic Games, 1900, Final|accessdate=2006-09-09|archive-date=2006-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108134144/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1900S/1900/OLYMP/GREAT-BRIT_FRANCE_OLYMP_FINAL_19-20AUG1900.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഇതാണ് അവസാനമായി ക്രിക്കറ്റ് വേനൽക്കാല ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ട അവസരം. രണ്ടിലധികം ടീമുകൾ പങ്കെടുത്ത ഒരു അന്താരാഷ്ട്രമത്സരം ആദ്യമായി നടന്നത്, 1912 ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലാണ്. ടെസ്റ്റ് കളിക്കുന്ന രാജ്യങ്ങളായ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്, ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ, സൗത്താഫ്രിക്ക എന്നീ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള ത്രിരാഷ്ട്ര ടെസ്റ്റ് മത്സരമായിരുന്നു അത്. പക്ഷെ മഴ മൂലവും കളികളുടെ ആധിക്യം മൂലവും കാണികൾ കുറവായിരുന്ന ഈ പരമ്പര ഒരു വിജയമായില്ല.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/australia/content/story/207248.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|title= The original damp squib|date=[[2005-04-23]]|accessdate=2006-08-29}}</ref> തുടർന്നുള്ള വർഷങ്ങളിൽ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ടെസ്റ്റ് മത്സരപരമ്പരകൾ‍ രണ്ട് ടീമുകൾ തമ്മിൽ മാത്രമായാണ് സംഘടിപ്പിയ്ക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. 1999-ൽ ഏഷ്യൻ ടെസ്റ്റ് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് സംഘടിപ്പിയ്ക്കുന്നത് വരെ അത് അങ്ങനെ തന്നെ തുടർന്നു. 1928-ൽ [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ്|വെസ്റ്റിന്റീസിന്റെയും]] 1930-ൽ [[ന്യൂസിലാന്റ്|ന്യൂസിലാന്റിന്റെയും]] 1932-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഇന്ത്യയുടേയും]] 1952-ൽ [[പാകിസ്താൻ|പാകിസ്താന്റെയും]] വരവോടെ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് കളിക്കുന്ന രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ എണ്ണം ഉയർന്നു എങ്കിലും അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ക്രിക്കറ്റ് മത്സരങ്ങൾ അപ്പോഴും മൂന്നും നാലും അഞ്ചും ദിവസങ്ങൾ നീണ്ട് നിൽക്കുന്ന ടെസ്റ്റ് മത്സരങ്ങളായിരുന്നു. 1960-കളുടെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ [[കൌണ്ടി ക്രിക്കറ്റ്]] ടീമുകൾ ഒരു ദിവസം മാത്രം നീണ്ട് നിൽക്കുന്ന ദൈർഘ്യം കുറഞ്ഞ മത്സരങ്ങൾ കളിച്ച് തുടങ്ങി. 1962-ൽ നാല് ടീമുകളുടെ നോക്കൌട്ട് മത്സര രൂപത്തിൽ (knockout competition)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/208335.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|date=[[2005-04-30]]|title= The birth of the one-day game|accessdate=2006-09-10}}</ref> നടത്തപ്പെട്ട മിഡ്ലാന്റ്സ് നോക്കൌട്ട് കപ്പോടെയും തുടർന്ന് വന്ന 1963-ലെ ആദ്യ ജില്ലെറ്റ് കപ്പോടെയും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിൽ എകദിന മത്സരങ്ങളുടെ ജനപ്രീതി വർദ്ധിച്ചു. 1969-ൽ ഒരു ദേശീയ സണ്ടേ ലീഗ് രൂപവത്കരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ആദ്യ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര [[ഏകദിന ക്രിക്കറ്റ്|ഏകദിന മത്സരം]] 1971-ൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയിലെ [[മെൽബൺ|മെൽബണിൽ]] ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടും ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയും തമ്മിൽ മഴ മൂലം ഉപേക്ഷിയ്ക്കപ്പെട്ട ഒരു ടെസ്റ്റ് മത്സരത്തിന്റെ അഞ്ചാം ദിവസം നിരാശരായ കാണികളെ തൃപ്തിപ്പെടുത്താനും ബാക്കി വന്ന സമയം ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്താനും വേണ്ടിയായിരുന്നു സംഘടിപ്പിച്ചത്. 40 ഓവറുകൾ വീതം ഓരോ ടീമും കളിച്ച ആ കളിയിൽ ഒരു ഓവറിൽ 8 പന്തുകളാണ് എറിഞ്ഞിരുന്നത്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newicc.cricket.org/icc/odi/what_is_one-day_cricket.html|publisher=newicc.cricket.org|title=What is One-Day International cricket?|accessdate=2006-09-10|archive-date=2006-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119054342/http://newicc.cricket.org/icc/odi/what_is_one-day_cricket.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ആദ്യ ഏകദിനമത്സരങ്ങളുടേയും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലും ലോകത്തിന്റെ മറ്റ് ഭാഗങ്ങളിലും സംഘടിപ്പിയ്ക്കപ്പെട്ട ഏകദിനപരമ്പരകളുടേയും വിജയവും വൻ ജനപ്രീതിയും [[ഐ.സി.സി.|ഐ.സി.സിയെ]] ഒരു ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് സംഘടിപ്പിയ്ക്കുന്നതിനെ പറ്റി ചിന്തിയ്ക്കാൻ പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref name="WCHistory">{{Cite web|url=http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/wc2007/content/story/264535.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|title= The World Cup - A brief history|accessdate=2006-12-07}}</ref> === പ്രുഡൻഷ്യൽ കപ്പ് === വിപുലമായ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് പരമ്പര സംഘടിപ്പിക്കാനുള്ള വിഭവശേഷി ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഒരേ ഒരു രാജ്യമായ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലാണ് 1975-ൽ ഉദ്ഘാടന ലോകകപ്പ് അരങ്ങേറിയത്.<ref name="ENGHOST">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricworld.com/news/wchistory03feb.htm|publisher=cricworld.com|title=The History of World Cup's|accessdate=2006-09-19|archive-date=2007-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313181419/http://www.cricworld.com/news/wchistory03feb.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ആദ്യ മൂന്ന് മത്സരങ്ങൾ അവയുടെ പ്രായോജകരായ [[പ്രൂഡൻഷ്യൽ പി.എൽ.സി.|പ്രൂഡൻഷ്യൽ പി.എൽ.സിയുടെ]] പേര് ചേർത്ത് പ്രൂഡൻഷ്യൽ കപ്പ് എന്നാണ് അറിയപ്പെട്ടത്. പകൽ സമയത്ത് നടന്ന കളികളിൽ കളിക്കാർ പരമ്പരാഗതമായ രീതിയിൽ വെള്ള വസ്ത്രങ്ങൾ ധരിക്കുകയും ചുവന്ന പന്ത് ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. ഓരോ ടീമിനും ആറ് പന്തുകൾ വീതമുള്ള 60 ഓവറുകളാണ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 5-9</ref> ആദ്യ ലോകകപ്പിൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ, ഇന്ത്യ, പാകിസ്താൻ, വെസ്റ്റിന്റീസ്, ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്, ന്യൂസിലാന്റ് (അന്നത്തെ ടെസ്റ്റ് പദവിയുള്ള 6 രാജ്യങ്ങൾ) എന്നിവരെ കൂടാതെ [[ശ്രീലങ്ക]], കിഴക്കൻ ആഫ്രിക്കയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഒരു ടീം എന്നിവരടക്കം എട്ട് ടീമുകളാണ് പങ്കെടുത്തത്. <ref name=cricket>Browning (1999), pp. 26-31 </ref> [[വർണ്ണവിവേചനം]] മൂലം അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ക്രിക്കറ്റ് കളിക്കുന്നതിന് വിലക്കേർപ്പെടുത്തപ്പെട്ട ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക ഈ ലോകകപ്പിൽ പങ്കെടുത്തില്ല. [[ലോർഡ്സ്|ലോർഡ്സിൽ]] നടന്ന ഫൈനലിൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയെ 17 റൺസിന് പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തിയ വെസ്റ്റിന്റീസാണ് ഈ ലോകകപ്പിൽ ജേതാക്കളായത്.<ref name=cricket/> 1979-ലാണ് ടെസ്റ്റ് പദവി ലഭിച്ചിട്ടില്ലാത്ത രാജ്യങ്ങൾക്കും<ref name="ICCTROPHY"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT2005/ARTICLES/history.html|publisher=cricinfo.com|title= ICC Trophy - A brief history|accessdate=2006-08-29}} </ref> ലോകകപ്പ് കളിക്കാനവസരം നൽകുന്ന ഐ.സി.സി. ട്രോഫി ആരംഭിച്ചത്. ശ്രീലങ്കയും [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയും]] <ref name=history>Browning (1999), pp. 32-35</ref>ഇതിലൂടെ യോഗ്യത നേടി. ഫൈനലിൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെ 92 റൺസിന് തോൽപ്പിച്ച് വെസ്റ്റിന്റീസ് തന്നെ തുടർച്ചയായ രണ്ടാം ലോകകപ്പ് കിരീടം കരസ്ഥമാക്കി. ഈ ലോകകപ്പിന് ശേഷം നടന്ന ചർച്ചയിൽ ഐ.സി.സി., ലോകകപ്പ് നാല് വർഷത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ നടത്താൻ തീരുമാനിച്ചു.<ref name=history/> 1983-ലെ ലോകകപ്പിന് തുടർച്ചയായി മൂന്നാമതും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ചു. ഈ കാലയളവിൽ ശ്രീലങ്ക ടെസ്റ്റ് പദവി നേടിയിരുന്നു, [[സിംബാബ്വേ]] ഐ.സി.സി. ട്രോഫിയിലൂടെ യോഗ്യത നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു. സ്റ്റമ്പുകളിൽ നിന്ന് 30 വാര ദൂരത്തിൽ ഒരു [[ഫീൽഡിങ് വൃത്തം]] നടപ്പിൽ വരുത്തി. നാല് [[ഫീൽഡർ|ഫീൽഡർമാർ]] എല്ലാ സമയവും ഈ വൃത്തത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കണം എന്ന് നിഷ്കർഷിക്കുന്ന നിയമവും വന്നു.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 61-62 </ref> ലോകകപ്പ് തുടങ്ങുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് വാതുവെപ്പുകാർക്കിടയിൽ 66-1 എന്ന നിലയിൽ സാധ്യത മാത്രം കൽപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ഇന്ത്യ, ഫൈനലിൽ വെസ്റ്റിന്റീസിനെ തോൽപ്പിച്ച് ലോകകപ്പ് ജേതാക്കളായി.<ref name="WCHistory"/><ref>Browning (1999), pp. 105-110</ref> === 1987 – 2003 === ആദ്യമായി ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിന് പുറത്ത് നടന്ന ലോകകപ്പ് 1987-ൽ ഇന്ത്യയിലും പാകിസ്താനിലുമായാണ് നടത്തപ്പെട്ടത്. കളിയുടെ ദൈർഘ്യം 60 ഓവറിൽ നിന്ന് ഇന്ന് കാണുന്ന രീതിയിൽ 50 ഓവറായി ചുരുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. അതിന് കാരണം [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ഉപഭൂഖണ്ഡം|ഇന്ത്യൻ ഉപഭൂഖണ്ഡത്തിൽ]] ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ വേനൽകാലത്തെ അപേക്ഷിച്ച് പകലിന് ദൈർഘ്യം കുറവായിരുന്നു എന്നതാണ്.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 111-116</ref> ലോകകപ്പ് ഫൈനലിന്റെ ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും ചുരുങ്ങിയ റൺ വ്യത്യാസമായ 7 റൺസിന് [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]] ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി ലോകകപ്പ് നേടി.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 155-159</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/cworldcup/history.htm|publisher=A.Srinivas|title=Cricket World Cup 2003|accessdate=2007-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002053148/http://www.geocities.com/cworldcup/history.htm|archivedate=2008-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയിലും ന്യൂസിലാന്റിലുമായി നടത്തപ്പെട്ട 1992-ലെ ലോകകപ്പിൽ നിറമുള്ള വസ്ത്രങ്ങളും, വെള്ള പന്തും, ഫീൽഡിങ് രീതിയിലെ പുതിയ രീതികളും, പകലും രാത്രിയുമായി അഥവാ ഡേ ആന്റ് നൈറ്റ് രീതിയിൽ നടത്തപ്പെടുന്ന കളികളും ഉൾപ്പെടെ നിരവധി പരിഷ്കാരങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ വന്നു. വർണ്ണവിവേചനവും അതിനെ തുടർന്നുണ്ടായിരുന്ന വിലക്കും ഒഴിവാക്കപ്പെട്ടതിനാൽ ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക ആദ്യമായി പങ്കെടുത്ത ലോകകപ്പും ഇതാണ്.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 160-161</ref> മോശം തുടക്കത്തെ മറികടന്ന് പാകിസ്താൻ ഫൈനലിൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെ 22 റൺസിന് തോൽപ്പിച്ച് ജേതാക്കളായി.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 211-214</ref> 1996ലേത് ഇന്ത്യൻ ഉപഭൂഖണ്ഡത്തിൽ നടന്ന രണ്ടാമത്തെ ലോകകപ്പായി. ചില ഗ്രൂപ്പ് മത്സരങ്ങൾക്ക് ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ച് ശ്രീലങ്കയും ഇന്ത്യയ്ക്കും പാകിസ്താനുമൊപ്പം ചേർന്നു.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 215-217</ref> സെമിഫൈനലിൽ ശ്രീലങ്കയ്ക്കെതിരെ 254 റൺസ് ലക്ഷ്യവുമായി മറുപടി ബാറ്റിങ്ങിനിറങ്ങിയ ഇന്ത്യയ്ക്ക് 120 റൺസ് എടുക്കുന്നതിനിടെ 8 വിക്കറ്റ് നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടു. ശ്രീലങ്ക കൂറ്റൻ വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് നീങ്ങുന്നതിനിടെ ടീമിന്റെ പ്രകടനത്തിൽ രോഷാകുലരായ ഇന്ത്യൻ ആരാധകർ കളി തടസപ്പെടുത്തുകയും തുടർന്ന് ശ്രീലങ്ക ജയിച്ചതായി പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketfundas.com/wc96indslsf1march13.html|publisher=cricketfundas|title=1996 Semi-final scoreboard|accessdate=2007-01-28|archive-date=2006-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107001514/http://www.cricketfundas.com/wc96indslsf1march13.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ലാഹോറിൽ നടന്ന ഫൈനലിൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയെ 7 വിക്കറ്റിന് തോൽപ്പിച്ച് ശ്രീലങ്ക ആദ്യമായി ലോകകപ്പ് കരസ്ഥമാക്കി.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 264-274</ref> ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ച 1999 ലോകകപ്പിൽ അയർലണ്ട്, നെതർലാന്റ്സ്, സ്കോട്ട്ലാ‍ന്റ്, വേൽസ് എന്നീ രാജ്യങ്ങളും മത്സരവേദികളായി.<ref>Browning (1999), p. 274</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrich.maths.org/public/viewer.php?obj_id=1350&part=index&refpage=|publisher=nrich.maths|title=1999 Cricket World Cup|accessdate=2007-01-28|archive-date=2007-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310152744/http://nrich.maths.org/public/viewer.php?obj_id=1350&part=index&refpage=|url-status=dead}}</ref> സൂപ്പർ 6 സ്റ്റേജിൽ ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയെ അവസാന ഓവറിൽ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി യോഗ്യത നേടിയ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 229-231</ref> സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയുമായിത്തന്നെയുള്ള മത്സരത്തിൽ അവസാന ഓവറിൽ ബാറ്റ് ചെയ്യുകയായിരുന്ന ലാൻസ് ക്ലൂസ്നറും അലൻ ഡൊണാൾഡും തമ്മിൽ ഉണ്ടായ ആശയക്കുഴപ്പത്തിന്നിടയിൽ കൈയ്യിൽ നിന്ന് ബാറ്റ് വീണ് പോയ ഡൊണാൾഡ് റണ്ണൌട്ടാവുകയും മത്സരം സമനിലയിലാവുകയും ചെയ്തു. തുടർന്ന് ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ഫൈനലിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യത നേടുകയും 132 റൺസ് എടുത്ത പാകിസ്താൻ നൽകിയ വിജയ ലക്ഷ്യം 20 ഓവറുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ 8 വിക്കറ്റുകൾ കൈയ്യിലിരിക്കെ മറി കടന്ന് ജേതാക്കളാവുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>Browning (1999), pp. 232-238</ref> ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയും സിംബാബ്വേയും കെനിയയും സംയുക്തമായി 2003 ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ചു. പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ടീമുകളുടെ എണ്ണം പന്ത്രണ്ടിൽ നിന്ന് പതിനാലായി വർദ്ധിച്ചു.ശ്രീലങ്കയോടും സിംബാബ്വേയോടും നേടിയ വിജയങ്ങളും ന്യൂസിലാന്റ് സുരക്ഷാകാരണങ്ങളാൽ കെനിയയിൽ ഒരു കളി കളിക്കാൻ വിസമ്മതിച്ചതും കെനിയയ്ക് സെമിഫൈനലിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യത നേടിക്കൊടുത്തെങ്കിലും അവർ ഇന്ത്യയോട് സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ തോറ്റു. ഫൈനലിൽ 2 വിക്കറ്റ് നഷ്ടത്തിൽ 359 എന്ന ഫൈനലിലെ എക്കാലത്തെയും കൂടിയ സ്കോർ നേടിയ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ഇന്ത്യയെ 125 റൺസിന് പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി.<ref name="AUS2003"/><ref>{{cite web|title = Full tournament schedule |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/fixturesresults/default.stm |publisher = [[BBC]] | date = [[2003-03-23]] | accessdate = 2007-02-22}}</ref> == രൂപരേഖ == === യോഗ്യത === ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ച 1999 ലോകകപ്പിൽ അയർലണ്ട്, നെതർലാന്റ്സ്, സ്കോട്ട്ലാ‍ന്റ്, വേൽസ് എന്നീ രാജ്യങ്ങളും മത്സരവേദികളായി. സൂപ്പർ 6 സ്റ്റേജിൽ ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയെ അവസാന ഓവറിൽ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി യോഗ്യത നേടിയ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ അവസാന ഓവറിൽ ആശയകുഴപ്പത്തിലായി റൺ ഔട്ട്‌ ആയതോടെ സമനിലയിലായ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഫൈനലിലെത്തുകയും ഫൈനലിൽ പാകിസ്താന്റെ 132 റൺ വിജയ ലക്ഷ്യം എട്ട് വിക്കറ്റ് ശേഷിക്കെ മറി കടന്ന് ജേതാക്കൾ ആകുകയും ചെയ്തു. ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയും സിംബാബ്വേയും കെനിയയും സംയുക്തമായി ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിച്ച 2003 ലെ ലോകകപ്പിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ടീമുകളുടെ എണ്ണം പതിനാലാക്കി ഉയർത്തി. കെനിയ ആദ്യമായി സെമിയിൽ എത്തിയ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഇന്ത്യ അവരെ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തിയെങ്കിലും ഫൈനലിൽ ഇന്ത്യ ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയക്ക് 125 റൺ വിജയം സമ്മാനിച്ചു. ഫൈനലിൽ ആസ്‌ട്രേലിയ നേടിയ 359 എന്ന സ്‌കോർ എക്കാലത്തെയും ലോകകപ്പ് ഫൈനലിലെ ഏറ്റവും ഉയർന്ന സ്കോറായിരുന്നു. ആസ്‌ട്രേലിയ ഈ ലോകകപ്പിലും ജേതാക്കളാ യി. 1992 ലെ മത്സരങ്ങളുടെ രീതി പിന്തുടർന്ന് റൗണ്ട് റോബിൻ ഫോർമാറ്റിൽ നടത്തിയ 2019 ലെ ലോക കപ്പിൽ പത്ത് രാജ്യങ്ങളാണ് പങ്കെടുത്തത്. ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്, വെൽസ് എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലായി നടന്ന മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടും ന്യൂസിലാൻഡും ആണ് ഫൈനൽ കളിച്ചത്. സൂപ്പർ ഓവറിലും സമ നില ആയതിനെ തുടർന്ന് ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഫോർ അടിച്ചതിനാൽ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെ വിജയികളായി പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. കൂടുതൽ വിവാദങ്ങൾക്കും ഈ പ്രഖ്യാപനം അന്ന് വഴി വെച്ചിരുന്നു. അന്തർദേശീയ ടെസ്റ്റ് മത്സരങ്ങൾ കളിക്കുന്ന രാജ്യങ്ങൾ ലോകകപ്പ് മത്സരത്തിന് നേരിട്ട് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ മറ്റു ടീമുകൾക്ക് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരങ്ങളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കേണ്ടതുണ്ട്. യോഗ്യതാ മത്സരങ്ങൾ ആദ്യമായി പ്രചാരത്തിൽ വന്നത് [[രണ്ടാം ലോകകപ്പ്]] മുതലാണ്. അതിൽ [[ഐസിസി ട്രോഫി]]യിൽ മുന്നിൽ വന്ന രണ്ട് ടീമുകൾ ലോകകപ്പ് മത്സരത്തിൽ പങ്കെടുത്തു.<ref name="ICCTROPHY"/> ഐസിസി ട്രോഫിയിൽ നിന്നും തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്ന ടീമുകളുടെ എണ്ണം ഓരോ ലോകകപ്പിലും വ്യത്യാസം വരാറുണ്ട്. ഇപ്പോൾ ആറു ടീമുകളെയാണ് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്നത്. ഐസിസി മേൽനോട്ടം നിർവഹിക്കുന്ന [[വേൾഡ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലീഗ്]] എന്ന യോഗ്യതാരീതിയാണ് തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിന് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്. 2009 മുതൽ ഐസിസി ട്രോഫി ഐസിസി ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതമത്സരം എന്നായിരിക്കും അറിയപ്പെടുക.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/development/wcl/|publisher=ICC|title=World Cricket League|accessdate=2007-01-28|archive-date=2007-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119011351/http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/development/wcl/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഐസിസിയിലെ 87 അഫിലിയേറ്റഡ് രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും അസോസിയേറ്റഡ് രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും നിന്ന് അവർ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്ന ഡിവിഷനനുസരിച്ചാണ് വേൾഡ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലീഗ് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്നത്. ==== തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് പ്രക്രിയ ==== # മേഖല മത്സരങ്ങൾ: മുന്നിൽ വരുന്ന ടിമുകളെ ടീമിന്റെ റാങ്കിങ്ങും ഡിവിഷനിലെ ഒഴിവുമനുസരിച്ച് ഏതെങ്കിലും ഡിവിഷനിലേക്ക് ചേർക്കുന്നു. # ഒന്നാം ഡിവിഷൻ: 6 ടീമുകൾ - എല്ലാ ടീമുകളും ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യത മത്സരങ്ങളിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നു # മൂന്നാം ഡിവിഷൻ: 8 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 2 ടീമുകളെ രണ്ടാം ഡിവിഷനിലേക്ക് ഏടുക്കുന്നു # രണ്ടാം ഡിവിഷൺ: 6 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 4 ടീമുകൾ ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യത മത്സരങ്ങളിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നു # അഞ്ചാം ഡിവിഷൻ: 8 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 2 ടീമുകളെ നാലാം ഡിവിഷനിലേക്ക് ഏടുക്കുന്നു # നാലാം ഡിവിഷൻ: 5 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 2 ടീമുകളെ മൂന്നാം ഡിവിഷനിലേക്ക് ഏടുക്കുന്നു # മൂന്നാം ഡിവിഷൻ (രണ്ടാം എഡിഷൻ): 6 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 2 ടീമുകൾ ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യത മത്സരങ്ങളിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നു # ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യത മത്സരങ്ങൾ: 12 ടീമുകൾ - ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 6 ടീമുകൾ ലോകകപ്പിലേക്ക് യോഗ്യതയും ഏകദിനമത്സരങ്ങൾ കളിക്കാനുള്ള അർഹതയും നേടുന്നു ==സമ്മാനത്തുക== ഈ ടൂർണമെന്റിലാകെ $10&nbsp;മില്യൻ ഡോളറിന്റെ (ഏകദേശം 60 കോടി ഇന്ത്യൻ രൂപ) സമ്മാനത്തുക [[ഐ.സി.സി.]] പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്, 2011 ലോകകപ്പിനെക്കാൾ 20 ശതമാനം കൂടുതലാണിത്. ടീമുകളുടെ പ്രകടനത്തെ ആശ്രയിച്ചാണ് സമ്മാനത്തുക നിശ്ചയിക്കുന്നത്:<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC raises prize pool for World Cup|url=http://www.cricket.com.au/news/icc-cricket-world-cup-prizemoney-increases/2014-11-11|publisher=Cricket Australia|accessdate=13 November 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !ഘട്ടം!!സമ്മാനത്തുക ([[യു.എസ്. ഡോളർ|യു.എസ്. ഡോളറിൽ]] $)!! ആകെ |- | ലോകകപ്പ് ജേതാക്കൾ || $3,975,000 || $3,975,000 |- | രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനം || $1,750,000 || $1,750,000 |- | സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ തോൽക്കുന്ന ടീം || $600,000 || $1,200,000 |- | ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിൽ തോൽക്കുന്ന ടീം || $300,000 || $1,200,000 |- | ഓരോ ഗ്രൂപ്പ് മത്സരത്തിലും വിജയിക്കുന്ന ടീം || $45,000 || $1,890,000 |- | ഗ്രൂപ്പ് ഘട്ടത്തിൽ പുറത്താകുന്ന ടീം || $35,000 || $210,000 |- | '''ആകെ''' || || $10,225,000 (ഏകദേശം {{INR}}613500000) |} === ടൂർണമെന്റ് === ലോകകപ്പ് ക്രിക്കറ്റിന് അതിന്റെ നടത്തിപ്പു രീതിയിൽ ധാരാളം മാറ്റങ്ങളുണ്ടായിട്ടുള്ളതായി അതിന്റെ ചരിത്രത്തിൽ കാണാം. ആദ്യത്തെ നാലു ടൂർണമെന്റിലും എട്ടു രാജ്യങ്ങൾ നാലു വീതമുള്ള രണ്ട് ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളായാണ് മത്സരിച്ചത്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_1975.html|publisher=[[icc.cricket.org]]|title=1st tournament|accessdate=2007-02-19|archive-date=2007-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217093647/http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_1975.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> അതിൽ ഗ്രൂപ്പ് മത്സരങ്ങളും [[നോക്കൌട്ട്]] മത്സരങ്ങളുമായി രണ്ട് ഘട്ടങ്ങളുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഓരോ ഗ്രൂപ്പിലേയും ടീമുകൾ പരസ്പരം മത്സരിക്കുകയും, മികച്ച രണ്ട് ടീമുകൾ സെമി ഫൈനലിലേക്ക് കടക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. സെമിയിൽ വിജയം നേടുന്ന ടീമുകൾ ഫൈനലിൽ നേരിട്ടു. 1992-ൽ [[ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക]] വിലക്കിനു ശേഷം തിരികെ വന്നപ്പോളുണ്ടാ‍യ ഒമ്പത് ടീമുകൾ ഗ്രൂപ്പ് ഘട്ടത്തിൽ മുന്നിൽ വന്ന നാലു ടീമുകൾ സെമി ഫൈനൽ കളിക്കാൻ അർഹത നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_199192.html|publisher=[[icc.cricket.org]]|title=92 tournament|accessdate=2007-02-19|archive-date=2007-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217093653/http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_199192.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1996 -ൽ ആറു ടീമുകൾ വീതമുള്ള രണ്ട് ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളായി ടൂർണമെന്റ് കൂടുതൽ വികസിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_199596.html|publisher=[[icc.cricket.org]]|title=96 tournament|accessdate=2007-02-19|archive-date=2007-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217093658/http://icc.cricket.org/icc/events/summaries/icc_world_cup_199596.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> അതിൽ ഓരോ ഗ്രൂപ്പിൽ നിന്നും നാലു ടീമുകൾ വീതം ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിൽ കടക്കുകയും തുടർന്ന് സെമി ഫൈനലുകളുമായിരുന്നു അത്തവണ. 1999, 2003 ലോകകപ്പുകളിൽ ഒരു പുതിയ മത്സരരീതി നിലവിൽ വന്നു. ടീമുകളെ രണ്ട് പൂളുകളിലായി തിരിച്ച് ഓരോ പൂളിൽ നിന്നും മൂന്നു ടീമുകൾ വീതം “സൂപ്പർ സിക്സ്”<ref name="super6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC99/WC99_TABLE.html|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|title=Super 6|accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> റൌണ്ടിലേക്ക് കടക്കുന്നതായിരുന്നു അത്. സൂപ്പർ സിക്സിൽ ടീമുകൾ എതിർ ഗ്രൂപ്പിൽ നിന്നും വന്ന മറ്റ് മൂന്നു ടീമുകളുമായി ഏറ്റുമുട്ടുന്നു. അതേ സമയം പ്രാഥമിക റൌണ്ടിൽ അതേ ഗ്രൂപ്പിൽ നിന്നും വന്ന ടീമുകളുമായി കളിച്ചപ്പോൾ ലഭിച്ച പോയിന്റ് നിലനിൽക്കുകയും ചെയ്യും. ഇത് പ്രാഥമിക റൌണ്ടിൽ നല്ല പ്രകടനം കാഴ്ച വെക്കാൻ പ്രേരണ നൽകും.<ref name="super6"/> സൂപ്പർ സിക്സിലെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച നാലു ടീമുകൾ സെമി ഫൈനലിലേക്ക് പ്രവേശിക്കും. [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2007|2007 ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] 16 ടീമുകൾ അണിനിരക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. ഇവയെ നാലു ടീമുകൾ വീതമുള്ള നാലു ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളായി തിരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/TeamGroupings.html|publisher=cricket world cup|title=World Cup groups|accessdate=2007-01-28|archive-date=2007-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070126002928/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/TeamGroupings.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഓരോ ഗ്രൂപ്പിലേയും ടീമുകൾ [[റൌണ്ട് റോബിൻ]] രീതിയിൽ പരസ്പരം കളിക്കുന്നു. ഗ്രൂപ്പിലെ മികച്ച രണ്ട് ടീമുകൾ സൂപ്പർ എട്ട് റൌണ്ടിൽ പ്രവേശിക്കുന്നു. സൂപ്പർ എട്ടിൽ ടീമുകൾ മറ്റു ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിൽ നിന്നും വന്ന ആറു ടീമുകളുമായി ഏറ്റുമുട്ടുകയും അതേ സമയം അതേ ഗ്രൂപ്പിലെ ടീമുമായി കളിച്ചപ്പോൾ ലഭിച്ച പോയിന്റ് നിലനിൽക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/pdfs/event-overview.pdf|publisher=cricketworldcup.com|title=About the Event|accessdate=2006-09-02|pages=1|format=PDF|archive-date=2006-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905225042/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/pdfs/event-overview.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> സൂപ്പർ എട്ടിലെ മികച്ച നാലു ടീമുകൾ സെമി ഫൈനൽ പ്രവേശനത്തിന് അർഹത നേടുകയും അതിലെ വിജയികൾ ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഏറ്റുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്യും. == ട്രോഫി == {{main|Cricket World Cup Trophy}} <!-- [[ചിത്രം:99 world cup.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999‍]]-ലെ ആദ്യ സ്ഥിരം ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് ട്രോഫി നേടി ജയിച്ച [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം]] ട്രോഫിയുമായി.]] --> ഐ.സി.സി യുടെ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് ഫലകമാണ് ലോകകപ്പ് വിജയികൾക്ക് നൽകപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇപ്പോഴുള്ള ട്രോഫി ആയിരത്തി തൊള്ളായിരത്തി തൊണ്ണൂറ്റി ഒൻപതിലെ ലോകകപ്പിനായി ഉണ്ടാക്കപ്പെട്ടതാണ്. ഈ ട്രോഫിയാണ് ലോകകപ്പ് ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ആദ്യ സ്ഥിരം ട്രോഫി. ഇതിനുമുൻപായി ഓരോ തവണയും പുതിയ ട്രോഫി ഉണ്ടാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു പതിവ്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cnnsi.de/cricket/1999/world_cup/news/1999/06/20/wc_trophy/|publisher=cnnsi.com|title=Trophy is first permanent prize in game's history|accessdate=2006-08-29|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172116/http://cnnsi.de/cricket/1999/world_cup/news/1999/06/20/wc_trophy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!--is this right? were there different Prudential Cups, or was the same Cup used three times? --> ഈ ട്രോഫി [[ഗരാർഡ് & കൊ]] എന്ന കമ്പനിയിലെ ശിൽപ്പികൾ രൂപകൽപ്പന ചെയ്ത് രണ്ട് മാസം കൊണ്ട് രൂപകൽപ്പന ചെയ്ത് [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിൽ]] പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു.. ഇപ്പോഴുള്ള ട്രോഫി [[വെള്ളി]] കൊണ്ടും [[ഗോൾഡ്]] കൊണ്ടും ആണ് ഉണ്ടാക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ളത്. ട്രോഫിയുടെ രൂപകൽപ്പന,‍ ഒരു സ്വർണ്ണ ഭൂഗോളം മൂന്ന് വെള്ളി സ്തംഭങ്ങളിൽ നിൽക്കുന്ന തരത്തിലാണ്. [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റമ്പ്|സ്റ്റമ്പും]] ‍അതിനുമുകളിലുള്ള [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ബെയിൽ|ബെയിലുകളും]] എന്ന തരത്തിലുള്ള സ്തംഭങ്ങൾ, ക്രിക്കറ്റിന്റെ മൂന്ന് അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായ കാര്യങ്ങളെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു: [[ബാറ്റിങ്ങ്]], [[ബൌളിങ്ങ്]], പിന്നെ [[ഫീൾഡിങ്ങ്]]. ട്രോഫിയിലെ ഭൂലോകം [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് പന്ത്|ക്രിക്കറ്റ് പന്തിനെ]] സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.webindia123.com/sports/worldcup/history.htm |publisher=webindia123.com|title=Cricket World Cup- Past Glimpses|accessdate=2006-08-30}}</ref> ഈ ട്രോഫി രൂപകൽപ്പന ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നത് [[platonic solid|പ്ലാറ്റോണിക്ക് ദിശകൾ]] കണക്കിലെടുത്തുകൊണ്ടാണ്, അതുകൊണ്ട് തന്നെ ഏത് വശത്ത് നിന്ന് നോക്കിയാലും ടോഫി ഒരേ പോലെ കാണാൻ കഴിയും. ട്രോഫിക്ക് 60 [[സെന്റിമീറ്റർ]] പൊക്കവും 11 [[കിലോ]] തൂക്കവും ഉണ്ട്. മുൻ‌വർഷങ്ങളിലെ വിജയികളുടെ നാമം ഈ ട്രോഫിയുടെ കീഴെ ആലേഖനം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. അവിടെ ഇരുപത് നാമങ്ങൾ വരെ എഴുതാനുള്ള സ്ഥലം ഉണ്ട്. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mapsofworld.com/cricket/world-cup-2007/trophy.html|publisher=mapsofworld.com|title=cricket world cup trophy|accessdate=2007-01-28|archive-date=2007-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206002247/http://www.mapsofworld.com/cricket/world-cup-2007/trophy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഐ.സി.സി. യിലാണ് യഥാർത്ഥ ട്രോഫി വച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഒരു പകർപ്പാണ് എല്ലാ തവണയും വിജയികൾക്ക് നൽകപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഈ പകർപ്പും യഥാർത്ഥ ട്രോഫിയും തമ്മിൽ അതിൽ ആലേഖനം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന വിജയികളുടെ നാമത്തിൽ മാത്രമേ വ്യത്യാസപ്പെടുന്നുള്ളൂ. == മാധ്യമങ്ങൾ == <!-- {{main|Cricket World Cup media}} --> ലോകകപ്പ്, ഇരുന്നൂറിലധികം രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ സമ്പ്രേക്ഷണം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ട്‍ രണ്ട് ബില്ല്യൺ പ്രേക്ഷകരിലധികം പേർ‍ കാണുന്നതിനാൽ ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും അധികം കാണികൾ ഉള്ള കായികമേളയിൽ ഒന്നാണ്.<ref name="3rd">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/yourview/sports/2007/03/2007_cricket_world_cup.html|publisher=cbc|author=cbc staff|title=2007 Cricket World Cup|accessdate=2007-04-04|date=[[2007-03-14]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317172135/http://www.cbc.ca/news/yourview/sports/2007/03/2007_cricket_world_cup.html|archivedate=2007-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scoring Big|url=http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/charter/charter_archive/2003/june_2003/A117967146|author=Peter Switzer|publisher=www.charteredaccountants.com.au|accessdate=2007-02-24|archive-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309152853/http://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/charter/charter_archive/2003/june_2003/A117967146|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CWC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/icc-marketing.html|publisher=cricketworldcup.com|title=World Cup Overview|accessdate=2007-01-29|archive-date=2007-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124001408/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/icc-marketing.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wisden History of the Cricket World Cup|url=http://www.barbadosbooks.com/cricket_history.cfm|publisher=www.barbadosbooks.com|accessdate=2007-04-04|archive-date=2012-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318213952/http://www.barbadosbooks.com/cricket_history.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Papa John's CEO Introduces Cricket to Jerry Jones and Daniel Snyder|url=http://ir.papajohns.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115556&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=972451&highlight=|publisher=ir.papajohns.com|accessdate=2007-04-04|archive-date=2007-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711195746/http://ir.papajohns.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115556&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=972451&highlight=|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഈ കായികമേള രണ്ടായിരത്തി പതിനൊന്നിലും രണ്ടായിരത്തി പതിനഞ്ചിലും നടക്കുമ്പോഴുള്ള സം‌പ്രേക്ഷണാവകാശം 1.1 ബില്യൺ [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഡോളർ|അമേരിക്കൻ ഡോളറിനാണ്]] വിറ്റത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/current/story/271994.html|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|author=Cricinfo staff|title=ICC rights for to ESPN-star|accessdate=2007-01-30|date=[[2006-12-09]]}}</ref> സ്പോൻസർഷിപ്പ് അവകാശം വിറ്റത് മറ്റൊരു 500 മില്ല്യൺ അമേരിക്കൻ ഡോളറിനും.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/276853.html|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|author=Cricinfo staff|title=ICC set to cash in on sponsorship rights|accessdate=2007-01-30|date=[[2006-01-18]]}}</ref> [[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്]] കളികൾ നേരിൽ കണ്ടത് 626,845 ആളുകളാണ് എന്നാണ് കണക്ക്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/news/quarterly/quarterly_3.pdf|publisher=ICC|title=Cricket World Cup 2003|pages=12|accessdate=2007-01-29|archive-date=2006-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321201920/http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/news/quarterly/quarterly_3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഏകദിന ക്രിക്കറ്റ് മത്സരങ്ങളുടെ പ്രചാരം വർദ്ധിച്ചതോടുകൂടി ലോകകപ്പ് എന്ന കായികമാമാങ്കത്തിന്റെ പ്രചാരവും മാധ്യമ ശ്രദ്ധയും പതിന്മടങ്ങ് വർദ്ധിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2003-ൽ സൗത്ത് ആഫ്രിക്കയിൽ നടന്ന ലോകകപ്പിലാണ് ആദ്യമായി ഒരു [[ഭാഗ്യചിഹ്നം]] ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. ''ഡാസ്ലർ'' എന്ന [[സീബ്ര]] ആയിരുന്നു ആ ഭാഗ്യചിഹ്നം. ഓറഞ്ച് [[റക്കൂൺ]] പോലെയുള്ള ''മെല്ലോ'' എന്നു പേരുള്ള ഒരു ജീവിയായിരുന്നു [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2007|2007 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ]] ഭാഗ്യചിഹ്നം.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricketworldcup.com/GuideLines-for-Media.html|publisher=cricketworldcup.com|title=GuideLines for Media|accessdate=2007-01-29|archive-date=2007-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129074853/http://www.cricketworldcup.com/GuideLines-for-Media.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == ആതിഥേയരുടെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് == <!-- {{main|Cricket World Cup hosts}} --> അപേക്ഷ നൽകിയിട്ടുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് അന്തർദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് കൌൺസിലിന്റെ എക്സിക്യൂട്ടീവ് കമ്മിറ്റി വോട്ട് ചെയ്താണ് ഓരോതവണയും ലോകകപ്പ് എവിടെ നടത്തണമെന്ന് തീരുമാനിക്കാറ്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/245789.html|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|title=Asia to host 2011 World Cup|date=[[2006-04-30]]|accessdate=2007-02-09}}</ref> ആദ്യ മൂന്ന് ലോകകപ്പും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിൽ വച്ചായിരുന്നു നടത്തപ്പെട്ടത്. ഉദ്ഘാടന ചടങ്ങുകൾ നടത്തുവാനുള്ള വിഭവങ്ങൾ നൽകിക്കോളാം എന്ന് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് പറഞ്ഞത്കൊണ്ടാണ് ഐ.സി.സി, ആദ്യ ലോക‌കപ്പ് അവിടെ നടത്തുവാൻ അനുമതി നൽകിയത് <ref name="ENGHOST"/> . [[ഇന്ത്യ]] മൂന്നാം ലോകകപ്പ് നടത്തുവാൻ ആഗ്രഹം പ്രകടിപ്പിച്ചുവെങ്കിലും ഐ.സി.സി.യിലെ അധികം അംഗങ്ങളും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിൽ ജൂൺ മാസത്തിൽ പകലിന് നീളം കൂടുതൽ ഉള്ളത് കാരണം<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cricket-world-cup-2007.cricket.deepthi.com/world-cup-cricket-1979.html|publisher=cricket.beepthi|title=World Cup Cricket 1979|accessdate=2007-01-29|archive-date=2007-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205053750/http://cricket-world-cup-2007.cricket.deepthi.com/world-cup-cricket-1979.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഒരു ദിവസം കൊണ്ട് കളി തീർക്കുവാൻ സാധിക്കും എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞതുകാരണം അങ്ങനെ നടത്തുകയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www1.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC_HISTORY/WC79_HISTORY.html|publisher= [[Cricinfo]]|title= The 1979 World Cup in England - West Indies retain their title|accessdate= 2006-09-19|archive-date= 2006-05-23|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060523160232/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC_HISTORY/WC79_HISTORY.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> [[ഇന്ത്യ]]യിലും [[പാകിസ്താൻ|പാകിസ്താനിലുമായി]] നടന്ന [[1987 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്]] ആണ് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനു പുറത്ത് നടന്ന ആദ്യ ലോകകപ്പ്. ലോകകപ്പുകൾ പല രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ സംയുക്ത സംരംഭങ്ങളായിട്ട് പലപ്പോഴും നടത്തപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. 1987-ലും 1996-ലും [[ഏഷ്യൻ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ]] ആണ് ലോകകപ്പിന് ആധിത്യമരുളിയത്. [[ആസ്ത്രലേഷ്യ]]യിൽ 1992-ലും, 2003-ൽ [[ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക]]യിലും 2007-ൽ [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ്|വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസിലും]] ഇങ്ങനെയാണ് ലോകകപ്പ് നടന്നത്. [[ഇന്ത്യ]], [[പാകിസ്താൻ]], [[ശ്രീലങ്ക]], [[ബംഗ്ലാദേശ്]] എന്നീ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലായിരിക്കും‍ 2011-ഇൽ ലോകകപ്പ് നടക്കുക. 2011-ലെ ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ കലാശ മത്സരം ഡെൽഹിയിൽ വച്ചായിരിക്കും നടക്കുക. എല്ലാ ടെസ്റ്റ് കളിക്കുന്ന രാജ്യങ്ങളും ഒരിക്കലെങ്കിലും ലോകകപ്പിന് ആധിത്യമരുളിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. വളരെ വൈകി ടെസ്റ്റ് കളിക്കുന്ന അംഗീകാരം ലഭിച്ച ബംഗ്ലാദേശ് മാത്രമാണ് ഇതിനൊരു അപവാദം.‍ 2011-ഇൽ ആ കുറവും പരിഹരിക്കപ്പെടും. == താരതമ്യപ്പെടത്തലുകൾ == === ഫലങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2 width=5%|വർഷം !rowspan=2 width=15%|ആതിഥേയ രാജ്യം(രാജ്യങ്ങൾ) !rowspan=2 width=15%|കലാശക്കളിയുടെ വേദി !colspan=3|കലാശക്കളി |- !width=22%|വിജയി !width=18%|ഫലം !width=22%|രണ്ടാംസ്ഥാനം |- |1975<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1975|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{ENGc}}<br /> |[[ലോർഡ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം|ലോർഡ്സ്]], [[ലണ്ടൻ]] |{{cr|WIN}}<br /><small>291 for 8 (60 overs)</small> |'''വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ് 17 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC75/WI_AUS_WC75_ODI-FINAL_21JUN1975.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405150750/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC75/WI_AUS_WC75_ODI-FINAL_21JUN1975.html |date=2009-04-05 }} |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>274 all out (58.4 overs)</small> |- |1979<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1979|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{ENGc}} |[[ലോർഡ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം|ലോർഡ്സ്]] , [[ലണ്ടൻ]] |{{cr|WIN}}<br /><small>286 for 9 (60 overs)</small> |'''വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ് 92 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC79/WI_ENG_WC79_ODI-FINAL_23JUN1979.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425135637/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC79/WI_ENG_WC79_ODI-FINAL_23JUN1979.html |date=2009-04-25 }} |{{ENGc}}<br /><small>194 all out (51 overs)</small> |- |1983<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1983|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{ENGc}} |[[ലോർഡ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം|ലോർഡ്സ്]] , [[ലണ്ടൻ]] |{{INDc}}<br /><small>183 all out (54.4 overs)</small> |'''ഇന്ത്യ 43 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC83/IND_WI_WC83_ODI-FINAL_25JUN1983.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318144610/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC83/IND_WI_WC83_ODI-FINAL_25JUN1983.html |date=2009-03-18 }} |{{cr|WIN}}<br /><small>140 all out (52 overs)</small> |- |1987<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1987|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{INDc}}/{{PAKc}} |[[ഈഡൻ ഗാർഡൻസ്]], [[കൊൽക്കത്ത]] |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>253 for 5 (50 overs)</small> |'''ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 7 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC87/AUS_ENG_WC87_ODI-FINAL_08NOV1987.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207130805/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC87/AUS_ENG_WC87_ODI-FINAL_08NOV1987.html |date=2009-02-07 }} |{{ENGc}}<br /><small>246 for 8 (50 overs)</small> |- |1992<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1992|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{AUSc}}/{{NZLc}} |[[മെൽബൺ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ഗ്രൗണ്ട്|എം.സി.ജി]], [[മെൽബൺ]] |{{PAKc}}<br /><small>249 for 6 (50 overs)</small> |'''പാകിസ്താൻ 22 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC92/PAK_ENG_WC92_ODI-FINAL_25MAR1992.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422131058/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC92/PAK_ENG_WC92_ODI-FINAL_25MAR1992.html |date=2009-04-22 }} |{{ENGc}}<br /><small>227 all out (49.2 overs)</small> |- |1996<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1996|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{INDc}}/{{PAKc}}/{{SRIc}} |[[ഗദ്ദാഫി സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], [[ലാഹോർ]] |{{SRIc}}<br /><small>245 for 3 (46.2 overs)</small> |'''ശ്രീലങ്ക 7 വിക്കറ്റുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/WC96-MATCHES/AUS_SL_WC96_ODI-FINAL_17MAR1996.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429035255/http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/WC96-MATCHES/AUS_SL_WC96_ODI-FINAL_17MAR1996.html |date=2009-04-29 }} |{{AUSc}}<br />;<small>241 for 7 (50 overs)</small> |- |1999<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1999|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{ENGc}} ||[[ലോർഡ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം|ലോർഡ്സ്]], [[ലണ്ടൻ]] |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>133 for 2 (20.1 overs)</small> |'''ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 8 വിക്കറ്റുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC99/SCORECARDS/FINALS/AUS_PAK_WC99_ODI-FINAL_20JUN1999.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328014247/http://aus.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC99/SCORECARDS/FINALS/AUS_PAK_WC99_ODI-FINAL_20JUN1999.html |date=2008-03-28 }} |{{PAKc}}<br /><small>132 all out (39 overs)</small> |- |2003<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2003|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}}<br />ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്ക, സിംബാബ്‌വേ, കെനിയ |[[വാണ്ട‌റേർസ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], [[ജൊഹാനസ്‌ബർഗ്]] |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>359 for 2 (50 overs)</small> |'''ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 125 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://aus.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/SCORECARDS/FINALS/AUS_IND_WC2003_ODI-FINAL_23MAR2003.html Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616013248/http://aus.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/SCORECARDS/FINALS/AUS_IND_WC2003_ODI-FINAL_23MAR2003.html |date=2008-06-16 }} |{{INDc}}<br /><small>234 all out (39.2 overs)</small> |- |2007<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2007|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |[[പ്രമാണം:WestInd.png|20px]]<br />[[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] |[[കെൻസിങ്ങ്ടൺ ഓവൽ]], [[ബ്രിഡ്ജ്‌ടൌൺ]] |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>281 for 4 (38 overs)</small> |'''ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 53 റണ്ണുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു (ഡക്ക് വർത്ത് ലൂയിസ് രീതി)''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/wc2007/engine/match/247507.html Scorecard] |{{SRIc}}<br /><small>215 for 8 (36 overs; Target 269 runs from 36 overs)</small> |- |2011<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2011|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{flagicon|ഇന്ത്യ}} {{flagicon|ശ്രീലങ്ക}} {{flagicon|ബംഗ്ലാദേശ്}}<br>ഇന്ത്യ, ശ്രീലങ്ക, ബംഗ്ലാദേശ് |[[വാങ്കഡെ സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], [[മുംബൈ]] |{{INDc}} <br /><small>277 for 4 (48.2 overs)</small> |'''ഇന്ത്യ 6 വിക്കറ്റുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/current/match/433606.html Scorecard] |{{SRIc}}<br /><small>274 for 6 (50 overs)</small> |- |2015<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2015|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{AUSc}}/{{NZLc}} |[[മെൽബൺ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ഗ്രൗണ്ട്|എം.സി.ജി]], [[മെൽബൺ]] |{{AUSc}}<br /><small>186 for 3 (33.1 overs) </small> |'''ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 8 വിക്കറ്റുകൾക്ക് വിജയിച്ചു'''[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/656495.html Scorecard] |{{NZLc}}<br /><small>183 all out (45 overs)</small> |- |2019<br />''[[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2019|കൂടുതൽ അറിയാൻ]]'' |{{ENG}} |[[ലോർഡ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം|ലോർഡ്സ്]] |{{ENGc}}<br /><small>241 all out (50 overs) </small> |''' ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് സൂപ്പർ ഒവറിൽ വിജയിച്ചു'''[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/656495.html Scorecard] |{{NZLc}}<br /><small>241 for 9 (50 overs)</small> |} === ടീമുകളുടെ പ്രകടനം === <!-- {{main|Cricket World Cup teams}} --> [[പ്രമാണം:Cricket World Cup best results.png|thumb|ഓരോ രാജ്യത്തിന്റേയും മികച്ച പ്രകടനത്തിന്റെ ഭൂപടം]] ലോകകപ്പ് കളിക്കാൻ ഒരിക്കലെങ്കിലും കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ എണ്ണം പത്തൊൻപത് ആണ്(യോഗ്യതാമത്സരങ്ങൾ കൂട്ടാതെ). എങ്കിലും, ഇതുവരെയുള്ള എല്ലാ ലോകകപ്പ് മത്സരങ്ങളും കളിച്ച രാജ്യങ്ങൾ ഏഴെണ്ണം മാത്രമേ ഉള്ളൂ, അതിൽ തന്നെ അഞ്ചു രാജ്യങ്ങൾ മാത്രമേ ലോകകപ്പ് ട്രോഫി നേടിയിട്ടുള്ളൂ. <ref name="WCHistory"/> [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം]] ആണ് ആദ്യ രണ്ട് തവണയും വിജയിച്ചത്. [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ ദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]] മൂന്ന് തവണയും [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഇന്ത്യ]] രണ്ടുതവണ കപ്പ് നേടിയ മറ്റൊരു ടീമാണ്. [[പാകിസ്താൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം]], [[ശ്രീലങ്കൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം]] എന്നിവർ ഒരുതവണ വീതം ഈ കപ്പ് നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസും ([[1975 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1975]], [[1979 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1979]]) ഓസ്ത്രേലിയയും ([[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]], [[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) മാത്രമാണ് രണ്ട് തവണ അടുപ്പിച്ച് ഈ കപ്പ് നേടിയവർ.<ref name="WCHistory"/> ഓസ്ത്രേലിയ 8 കലാശക്കളികളിൽ ഏഴിലും കളിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട് ([[1975 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1975]], [[ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1987|1987]], [[ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1996|1996]], [[ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 1999|1999]], [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2003|2003]] [[ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2007|2007]] [[ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2015|2015]]). അവസാന മൂന്ന് തവണയും ഓസ്ത്രേലിയ കലാശക്കളിയിൽ കളിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം]] ഇതു വരെ ലോകകപ്പ് നേടിയിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിലും മൂന്ന് തവണ രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനക്കാരായിട്ടുണ്ട് (1979, 1987, [[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]). ടെസ്റ്റ് കളിക്കാൻ യോഗ്യത നേടിയിട്ടില്ലാത്ത രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ വച്ച് ഏറ്റവും നല്ല പ്രകടനം 2003-ഇൽ സെമിഫൈനൽ വരെ എത്തിയ [[കെനിയ ദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|കെനിയൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീമിന്റേ]]താണ്.<ref name="WCHistory"/> 1996 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പിന് ആതിഥ്യമരുളിയ ശ്രീലങ്ക മാത്രമാണ് ആതിഥേയരാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ ലോകകപ്പ് നേടിയ ഒരേ ഒരു ടീം. പക്ഷെ ആ ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ കലാശക്കളി നടന്നത് പാകിസ്താനിൽ വച്ചായിരുന്നു<ref name="WCHistory"/>. ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടും ന്യൂസിലൻഡും മാത്രമാണ് ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ ഫൈനൽ കളിക്കാൻ ഭാഗ്യം സിദ്ധിച്ച മറ്റ് ആതിഥേയ ടീമുകൾ. 1979-ൽ ആയിരുന്നു അത്. ആതിഥേയരാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ മറ്റ് മികച്ച് പ്രകടനങ്ങൾ: സിംബാബ്വേ 2003-ൽ സൂപ്പർ-സിക്സ് കളിച്ചു; കെനിയ 2003-ൽ സെമിഫൈനലിൽ കളിച്ചു.<ref name="WCHistory"/> 1987-ൽ, സംയുക്ത ആതിഥേയ രാജ്യങ്ങളായ ഇന്ത്യയും പാകിസ്താനും സെമിഫൈനലിൽ എത്തിയെങ്കിലും ഇവരെ ഓസ്ത്രേലിയയും ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടും പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി.<ref name="WCHistory"/> താഴെയുള്ള പട്ടിക ലോകകപ്പ് കളിച്ച രാജ്യങ്ങളുടെ പ്രകടനങ്ങൾ നിരത്തുന്നു<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/indepth/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019/2019/06/12/india-vs-new-zealand-18th-match-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-live-blog.html|title=വേൾഡ് കപ്പ് മത്സരം|access-date=|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan=2 width=150|ടീം !colspan=3|കളിച്ചത് !rowspan=2 width=210|മികച്ച പ്രകടനം !colspan=5|കണക്കുകൾ |- !width=75|മൊത്തം !width=75|ആദ്യത്തേത് !width=75|അവസാനത്തേത് !width=30|കളിച്ചത് !width=30|വിജയിച്ചത് !width=30|തോറ്റത് !width=30|രാജിയായത് !width=30|ഫലം ഇല്ലാത്തത് |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Australia}} |11||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' <small>([[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||84||62||20||1||1||75.30 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|India}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' <small>([[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]], [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]])</small>||75||46||27||1||1||62.83 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|West Indies}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' <small>([[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]], [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]])</small>||71||41||29||0||1||58.57 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Pakistan}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' <small>([[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]])</small>||71||40||29||0||2||57.97 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Sri Lanka}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' <small>([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]])</small>||73||35||35||1||2||50.00 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|England}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background: silver"|Runners-up <small>([[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]], [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]])</small>||72||41||29||1||1||58.45 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|New Zealand}} |11|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||style="background-color: silver"|Runners-up <small>([[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||79||48||30||0||1||61.53 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{cr-rt|RSA}} |7|||[[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Semi-finals <small>([[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]], [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||55||35||18||2||0||65.45 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Kenya}} |5|||[[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||[[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||Semi-finals <small>([[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]])</small>||29||6||22||0||1||21.42 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Zimbabwe}} |9|||[[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Super 6 <small>([[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]])</small>||57||11||42||1||3||21.29 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Bangladesh}} |5|||[[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Quarter-finals <small>([[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>, Super 8 <small>([[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]])</small>||32||11||20||0||1||35.48 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Ireland}} |3|||[[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Super 8 <small>([[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]])</small>||21||7||13||1||0||35.71 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Netherlands}} |4|||[[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||[[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||{{nowrap|Group Stage <small>([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]])</small>}}||20||2||18||0||0||10.00 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Canada}} |4|||[[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]||[[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||Group Stage <small>([[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]])</small>||18||2||16||0||0||11.11 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Scotland}} |3|||[[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Group Stage <small>([[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||14||0||14||0||0||0.00 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[യു.എ.ഇ. ദേശീയ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|യു.എ.ഇ. ]] |2|||[[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Group Stage <small>([[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||11||1||10||0||0||9.09 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|{{Cr|AFG}}}} |1|||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Group Stage <small>([[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])</small>||6||1||5||0||0||16.66 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Namibia}} |1|||[[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]||[[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]||Group Stage <small>([[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]])</small>||6||0||6||0||0||0.00 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Bermuda}} |1|||[[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||[[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||Group Stage <small>([[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]])</small>||3||0||3||0||0||0.00 |- |style="text-align:left;"|<span class="flagicon">[[File:East Africa Cricket Team Flag.png|23x15px|border|alt=|link=]] [[East Africa cricket team|East Africa]]^† |1|||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||[[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]||Group Stage <small>([[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]])</small>||3||0||3||0||0||0.00 |- !colspan=11|Last Updated: 29 March 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=12;type=trophy|title=Cricket Records – Records – World Cup – Result summary – ESPN Cricinfo|work=Cricinfo}}</ref> |} === വ്യക്തിഗത പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ === <!-- {{main|Cricket World Cup awards}} --> 1992-നു ശേഷം എല്ലാ ലോകകപ്പിലും ഒരു കളിക്കാരനെ “മാൻ ഓഫ് ദ ടൂർണ്ണമെന്റായി” പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കാറുണ്ട്:<ref name="awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.webindia123.com/sports/worldcup/history.htm|publisher=webindia123.com|title=Cricket World Cup Past Glimpses|accessdate=2007-01-29}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- !|വർഷം !|കളിക്കാരൻ !|പ്രകടനം |- |[[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20px]] [[മാർട്ടിൻ ക്രോ]]||456 റണ്ണുകൾ |- |[[1996 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1996]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|20px]] [[സനത് ജയസൂര്യ]]||221 റണ്ണുകളും 7 വിക്കറ്റുകളും |- |[[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of South Africa.svg|20px]] [[ലാൻസ് ക്ലൂസ്നർ]]||281 റണ്ണുകളും 17 വിക്കറ്റുകളും |- |[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]]||673 റണ്ണുകളും 2 വിക്കറ്റുകളും |- |} 1992-നു മുൻപ് ലോകകപ്പിനു മുഴുവനായി വ്യക്തിഗത അവാർഡ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല, ഓരോ കളിക്കും [[മാൻ ഓഫ് ദ മാച്ച്]] കൊടുക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിലും. കലാശക്കളിയിൽ മാൻ ഓഫ് ദ മാച്ച് അവാർഡ് കിട്ടുന്നത് ഒരു കളിക്കാരനെ സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം ഒരു വലിയ അംഗീകാരമായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. കലാശക്കളിയിൽ മാൻ ഓഫ് ദ മാച്ച് അവാർഡ് കിട്ടിയിട്ടുള്ളവർ:<ref name="awards"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- !|വർഷം !|കളിക്കാരൻ !|പ്രകടനം |- |[[1975 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1975]]||[[പ്രമാണം:WestInd.png|20px]] [[ക്ലൈവ് ലോയ്ഡ്]]||102 റണ്ണുകൾ |- |[[1979 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1979]]||[[പ്രമാണം:WestInd.png|20px]] [[വിവിയൻ റിച്ചാർഡ്സ്]]||പുറത്താകാതെ 138 റണ്ണുകൾ |- |[[1983 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1983]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[മൊഹീന്ദർ അമർനാഥ്]]||12 റണ്ണുകൾ വഴങ്ങി 3 വിക്കറ്റും 26 റണ്ണുകളും |- |[[1987 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1987]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ഡേവിഡ് ബൂൺ]]||75 റണ്ണുകൾ |- |[[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[വസീം അക്രം]]||49 റണ്ണുകൾ വഴങ്ങി 3 വിക്കറ്റും 33 റണ്ണുകളും |- |[[1996 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്up|1996]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|20px]] [[അരവിന്ദ ഡി സിൽ‌വ]]||42 റണ്ണുകൾ വഴങ്ങി 3 വിക്കറ്റും പുറത്താകാതെ 107 റണ്ണുകളും |- |[[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ഷെയിൻ വോൺ]]||33 റണ്ണുകൾ വഴങ്ങി 4 വിക്കറ്റുകൾ |- |[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[റിക്കി പോണ്ടിങ്]]||പുറത്താകാതെ 140 റണ്ണുകൾ |- |[[2007 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2007]]||[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ആദം ഗിൽക്രിസ്റ്റ്]]||149 റണ്ണുകൾ |} === ലോകകപ്പിലെ മുഖ്യ ചരിത്രനേട്ടങ്ങൾ === <!-- {{main|List of Cricket World Cup records}} --> {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | ലോകകപ്പ് റെക്കോർഡുകൾ<ref>All records are based on statistics at [[Cricinfo]].com's list of [http://www1.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/WC/ World Cup records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103091603/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/WC/ |date=2007-01-03 }}</ref> |- ! colspan="3" | ബാറ്റിങ്ങ് |- |കൂടുതൽ റണ്ണുകൾ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]] |1732 ([[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]-[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |[[ബാറ്റിങ്ങ് ശരാശരി|കൂടുതൽ ശരാശരി]] (കുറഞ്ഞത്. 20 ഇന്നിങ്ങ്സ്.) |[[പ്രമാണം:WestInd.png|20x22px]] [[വിവിയൻ റിച്ചാർഡ്സ്]] |63.31 ([[1975 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1975]]-[[1987 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1987]]) |- |കൂടുതൽ [[സെഞ്ച്വറി]] |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സൗരവ് ഗാംഗുലി]]<br /> [[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[മാർക്ക് വോ]]<br />[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]] |4 |- |കൂടുതൽ 50+ സ്കോറുകൾ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]] |16 ([[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]-[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |കൂടുതൽ സ്കോർ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of South Africa.svg|20px]] [[ഗ്യാരി കേർസ്റ്റൺ]] v [[യുനൈറ്റഡ് അറബ് എമിറേറ്റ്സ് ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|യൂ.എ.ഇ]] |188* ([[1996 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1996]]) |- |കൂടിയ റൺ പങ്കാളിത്തം |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[രാഹുൽ ദ്രാവിഡ്]] & [[സൗരവ് ഗാംഗുലി]] <br /> (രണ്ടാം വിക്കറ്റ്) v [[ശ്രീലങ്കൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ശ്രീലങ്ക]] |318 ([[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]]) |- |ഒരു ലോകകപ്പിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ റൺ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[സച്ചിൻ തെൻഡുൽക്കർ]] |673 ([[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- ! colspan="3" | ബൌളിങ്ങ് |- |കൂടുതൽ വിക്കറ്റുകൾ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] ഗ്ലെൻ മക്ഗ്രാത്ത് |55 ([[1987 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1987]]-[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |[[ബൌളിങ്ങ് ആവറേജ്|കുറഞ്ഞ ആവറേജ്]] (കുറഞ്ഞത് 1000 ബൌളുകൾ എറിഞ്ഞതിനുശേഷം) |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[ഇമ്രാൻ ഖാൻ]] |19.26 ([[1975 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1975]]-[[1992 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1992]]) |- |മികച്ച ബൌളിങ്ങ് |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ഗ്ലെൻ മക്ഗ്രാത്ത്]] v [[നമീബിയൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|നമീബിയ]] |7/15 ([[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |ഒരു ലോകകപ്പിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിക്കറ്റ് |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|20px]] [[ചമിന്ദ വാസ്]] |23 ([[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- ! colspan="3" | ഫീൽഡിങ്ങ് |- |കൂടുതൽ പേരെ പറഞ്ഞയച്ചത് ([[വിക്കറ്റ് കീപ്പർ]]) |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[ആഡം ഗിൽക്രിസ്റ്റ്]] |35 ([[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]]-[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |കൂടുതൽ ക്യാച്ചുകൾ ([[ഫീൽഡർ]]) |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[റിക്കി പോണ്ടിങ്ങ്]] |18 ([[1996 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1996]]-[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- ! colspan="3" | ടീം |- |ഉയർന്ന സ്കോർ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഇന്ത്യ]] v [[ബർമുഡ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ബർമുഡ]] |413/5 ([[2007 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2007]]) |- |കുറഞ്ഞ സ്കോർ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] [[കനേഡിയൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ക്യാനഡ]] v [[ശ്രിലങ്കൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ശ്രീലങ്ക]] |36 ([[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |- |ഉയർന്ന റൺ വ്യത്യാസം (runs) |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of India.svg|20px]] [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ഇന്ത്യ]] v [[ബർമുഡ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ടീം|ബർമുഡ]] |257 ([[2007 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2007]]) |- |ഉയർന്ന വിജയ ശതമാനം |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] ഓസ്ത്രേലിയ |68.96% |- |കൂടുതൽ തുടർച്ചയായ വിജയങ്ങൾ |[[പ്രമാണം:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] ഓസ്ത്രേലിയ |12[[not out|*]] ([[1999 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|1999]]–[[2003 ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2003]]) |} == ഇതും കാണുക == [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ്]] [[ക്രിക്കറ്റ് ലോകകപ്പ് 2007]] == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.cricketworldcup.com/ Official ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 website] * [http://www.cricinfo.com/worldcup2007 Cricinfo's Cricket World Cup 2007 website] * [http://www.SL2UK.com Sri Lankan cricket info for World Cup 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815020552/http://sl2uk.com/ |date=2020-08-15 }} == അവലംബം‍ == <references/> == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.cricketworldcup.com/ Official ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 website] * [http://www.cricinfo.com/worldcup2007 Cricinfo's Cricket World Cup 2007 website] * [https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1256507769040109&url=www.geocities.com/cricket.worldcup/news.html Cricket News] {{Main world championships}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ക്രിക്കറ്റ് മത്സരങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോകകപ്പുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോക ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പുകൾ]] 1oqn9j2uqeykf2xghv3iibmfxqxduc5 0 25003 4644282 4629323 2026-07-08T02:19:10Z ~2026-38540-41 220068 /* */ 4644282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Umar}}{{Infobox Monarch | name =ഉമർ | title =[[ഖലീഫ]] | image = Mohammad adil rais-Caliph Umar's empire at its peak 644.PNG | caption = ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണ പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ 644 | reign =[[634]] സി.ഇ. – [[644]] സി.ഇ.<ref>[http://archive.org/stream/UmarIbnAl-khattabHisLifeAndTimes/Umar-Ibn-Al-khattab-Volume-2#page/n393/mode/1up ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ്; ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് ആൻഡ് ടൈംസ്, പേജ് 396]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=26&month=12&year=23&date_result=1 |title=കലണ്ടർ കൺവെർട്ടർ |access-date=2013-07-06 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075811/http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=26&month=12&year=23&date_result=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | othertitles =[[അമീറുൽ മുഅ്മിനീൻ]] (വിശ്വസികളുടെ നേതാവ്)<br />അൽ-ഫാറൂഖ് (സത്യാസത്യ വിവേചകൻ) | full name = ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖതാബ്‌ | predecessor =[[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കർ]] | successor =[[ഉസ്‌മാൻ ബിൻ അഫ്ഫാൻ]] | father =ഖതാബ് | mother =ഹൻതമ | date of birth =[[583]] സി.ഇ. | place of birth =[[മക്ക]] | date of death ={{death date|644|11|7|df=y}} | place of death =[[മദീന]] | place of burial =[[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി]], [[മദീന]] |}} {{ഇസ്‌ലാം‌മതം}} ഇസ്‌ലാമിക [[ഖിലാഫത്ത്|ഖിലാഫത്തിലെ]] രണ്ടാമത്തെ [[ഖലീഫ|ഖലീഫയാണ്]] '''ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖതാബ്‌''' അഥവാ '''ഖലീഫ ഉമർ'''. പ്രവാചകനായ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദ് നബിയുടെ]] സഹചാരിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം ഒന്നാം [[ഖലീഫ]] [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കറിന്]] ശേഷം 10 വർഷക്കാലം ഭരണം നടത്തി<ref>[http://archive.org/stream/UmarIbnAl-khattabHisLifeAndTimes/Umar-Ibn-Al-khattab-Volume-2#page/n394/mode/1up ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ്; ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് ആൻഡ് ടൈംസ്, പേജ് 397]</ref>. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കാലത്ത് ഈജിപ്തും, പേർഷ്യയും കീഴടക്കി<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mideastweb.org/islamhistory.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101055550/http://www.mideastweb.org/islamhistory.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == ജനനം == [[മക്ക|മക്കയിലെ]] [[ഖുറൈഷ്|ഖുറൈഷി]] ഗോത്രത്തിലെ ബനൂ അദിയ്യ് കുടുംബത്തിൽ ഖതാബ് ഇബ്നു നുഫൈലിന്റെയും, മഖ്സൂം കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഹാശിമിബ്നു മുഗീറയുടെ പുത്രി ഹൻതമയുടെയും മകനായി ക്രിസ്ത്വബ്ദം 583 ൽ ജനിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ ജനനം 586 ലാണെന്നും, 591 ലാണെന്നുമഭിപ്രായമുണ്ട്. [[മുഹമ്മദ്നബി|മുഹമ്മദ്നബിയുമായി]] ഉമറിന്റെ പ്രായ വ്യത്യാസം 13 വയസ്സാണ്.<ref>ഫാറൂഖ് ഉമർ -[[ശൈഖ് മുഹമ്മദ് കാരകുന്ന്]] -പ്രസാ:[[ഐ.പി.എച്ച്]]-കോഴിക്കോട്</ref> സൈനബ് ബിൻത് മദ്ഊൻ, മലീക ബിൻത് ജർവാൽ, കുറൈബ ബിൻത് അബി ഉമയ്യ അൽ മക്സൂമി, ഉമ്മു ഹക്കീം ബിൻത് അൽ ഹാരിത് ഇബ്നു ഹിഷാം, ജമീല ബിൻത് ആസിം, ആതിഖ ബിൻത് സൈദ്, ഉമ്മു ഖൽത്തൂം ബിൻത് അലി, ലുഹ്‌യാ, ഫക്കീറ, എന്നിവരായിരുന്നു ഉമറിന്റെ ഭാര്യമാർ. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പതിമൂന്ന് മക്കളാണ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. അവരുടെ പേരുകൾ സൈദ് അക്ബർ, സൈദ് അസ്‌ഹർ, ആസിം, [[അബ്ദുല്ല ഇബ്‌നു ഉമർ|അബ്ദുള്ള]], അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ അക്ബർ, അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ വസദ്, അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ അസ്‌ഹർ, ഉബൈദുള്ള, ഇയാദ്, ഹഫ്സ, റുഖിയ, സൈനബ്, ഫാത്തിമ എന്നിങ്ങനെയായിരുന്നു.<ref>ഉമർ ബിൻ അൽ ഖത്താബ്: ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് & ടൈംസ് Vol 1 Page 40 -[[അലി മുഹമ്മദ് അസ്സല്ലാബി]]</ref> == ഇസ്‌ലാമിനുമുമ്പ് == അക്കാലത്തെ അറബികളിൽ അക്ഷരാഭ്യാസം ലഭിച്ച അപൂർവ്വം ആളുകളിലൊരാളായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. ബാല്യത്തിൽ തന്നെ പിതാവിന്റെ [[ആട്|ആടുകളെയും]] [[ഒട്ടകം|ഒട്ടകങ്ങളെയും]] മേക്കുന്ന ജോലി അർപ്പിതമായി. യൗവനത്തോടെ വ്യാപാര രംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം കച്ചവടസംഘത്തോടൊപ്പം [[സിറിയ|സിറിയയിലേക്കും]], [[യമൻ|യമനിലേക്കും]] പതിവായി യാത്ര ചെയ്യാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എങ്കിലും സാമ്പത്തികമായി വലിയ ഉന്നതിയിലെത്തിയിരുന്നില്ല. സാഹിത്യത്തിലും, വിജ്ഞാനം നേടുന്നതിലുമായിരുന്നു ഉമറിന് കൂടുതൽ താല്പര്യം. ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ തന്നെ ആയോധനവിദ്യ അഭ്യസിച്ച അദ്ദേഹത്തെ തോൽപ്പിക്കാൻ അന്ന് മക്കയിലും പരിസരത്തും ആരും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ഇരു കൈകൊണ്ടും ഒരേ പോലെ ജോലി ചെയ്യാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പ്രത്യേക കഴിവുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അന്നത്തെ അറേബ്യയിലെ യുവതീ-യുവാക്കളുടെ ആരാധ്യനായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. തർക്കങ്ങൾക്ക് മാധ്യസഥം വഹിക്കാനുള്ള അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഴിവ് അറബികൾക്കിടയിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരണീയ വ്യക്തിയാക്കി മാറ്റി. == ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരണം == മക്കയിൽ പ്രവാചകൻ [[മുഹമ്മദ്]], തങ്ങൾ ഇതുവരെ ആരാധിച്ചു പോരുന്ന ദൈവങ്ങളെയും വിഗ്രഹങ്ങളെയും തള്ളിപ്പറയുന്നതിൽ അത്യധികം രോഷാകുലനായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. കൂടാതെ മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ കൊള്ളയടിയും പിടിച്ചെടുക്കലും ഉമർ വെറുത്തിരുന്നു. ഇസ്‌ലാമിന്റെ വളർച്ചക്കെതിരെ സാധ്യമായ എല്ലാ നടപടികളും മക്കക്കാർ സ്വീകരിച്ചിട്ടും അത് വളരുകയാണെന്നും ഇനി മുഹമ്മദിനെ കൊലപ്പെടുത്തുക മാത്രമാണ് പരിഹാരമെന്നും തീരുമാനിച്ച ഉമർ അതിനായി അദ്ദേഹത്തെത്തേടി ഊരിപ്പിടിച്ച വാളുമായി പോകുകയായിരുന്നു. ഇതു കണ്ട അബ്ദുല്ലയുടെ മകൻ നുഐം അദ്ദേഹത്തെ അതിൽ നിന്നും പിന്തിരിപ്പിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ചു.<ref>http://historyofislam.com/contents/the-age-of-faith/omar-ibn-al-khattab-r/</ref>വഴങ്ങാതെ മുന്നോട്ട് നീങ്ങിയ ഉമറിനോട് എങ്കിൽ മുസ്‌ലിമായ സഹോദരിയെയും ഭർത്താവിനെയും ആദ്യം കൊല്ലാനും എന്നിട്ടാവാം മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ കാര്യമെന്നും പറഞ്ഞു. സഹോദരിയും ഭർത്താവും ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരിച്ചത് അതുവരെയും അറിയാതിരുന്ന ഉമർ ഉടനെ അവരുടെ വീട്ടിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചു. അവിടെ ഉമർ എത്തുമ്പോൾ സഹോദരിയും ഭർത്താവും [[ഖുർആൻ]] പാരായണം ചെയ്യുകയായിരുന്നു. വീട്ടിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ച ഉമർ അവർ വായിച്ചു കൊണ്ടിരുന്ന ഖുർആൻ ഭാഗം വാങ്ങി വായിച്ചു. അതിൽ ആകൃഷ്ടനായ അദ്ദേഹം പിന്നീട് മുഹമ്മദ് നബിയെ സന്ദർശിച്ച് ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരിച്ചു.<ref>http://prophet-mohammed-pbuh.blogspot.com/2008/07/how-hamza-embraced-islam.html</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Khattab.html</ref>(sister -fathima, husband -saeed bnu zaid ) == നബിയുമായുള്ള വ്യക്തിബന്ധം == ഇസ്‌ലാം മതം സ്വീകരിക്കുന്നതിനു മുമ്പ് നബിയുടെ കടുത്ത ശത്രുവായിരുന്ന ഉമർ,മുസ്ലിമായതിനു ശേഷം നബിയുടെ അടുത്ത സുഹൃത്തും അനുയായിയും ആയി മാറി. ഉമറിന്റെ വിധവയായിരുന്ന മകൾ ഹഫ്സയെ നബി വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുക വഴി ഉമർ നബിയുടെ ഭാര്യാപിതാവു കൂടിയായി മാറി . "തനിക്കു ശേഷം ഒരു പ്രവാചകനുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിൽ അത് ഉമറാകുമായിരുന്നു" എന്ന നബിവചനം നബിക്ക് ഉമറിനോടുള്ള ആദരവ് വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. ഭരണപരമായ കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ നബി ഉമറിനോടഭിപ്രായം ചോദിക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഉമറിന്റെ അഭിപ്രായം ശരിവെച്ചുകൊണ്ട് പലപ്പോഴും ഖുർആൻ അവതരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഒരുദാഹരണം , കപടനായ അബ്ദുല്ലാഹിബ്നു ഉബയ്യ് എന്ന വ്യക്തി മരണമടഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ മുഹമ്മദ് നബി അയാൾക്കു വേണ്ടി പ്രാർത്ഥിച്ചു. ശവസംസ്കാരചടങ്ങുകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. എന്നാൽ ഉമർ ഇതിന് എതിരായിരുന്നു. താമസിയാതെ ഉമറിന്റെ അഭിപ്രായം ശരിവെച്ചുകൊണ്ട് [[ഖുർആൻ]] അവതരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ''അവരിൽ നിന്ന് (കപടന്മാരിൽ നിന്ന്) ആർ തന്നെ മരിച്ചാലും അവനു വേണ്ടി നീ ഒരിക്കലും പ്രാർത്ഥിക്കരുത്. അവന്റെ ഖബറിന്നരികിൽ ചെന്നു നിൽക്കുകയും ചെയ്യരുത്''.<ref>ഖുർആൻ അത്തൗബ:84(9/84)</ref> ''"ഉമറിന്റെ നാവിലും ഹൃദയത്തിലും അല്ലാഹു സത്യത്തെ കുടിയിരുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്"'' എന്ന നബിയുടെ പ്രസ്താവന അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഉന്നതമായ വ്യക്തിത്വത്തിന്റെ നിദർശനമാണ്.മറ്റൊരിക്കൽ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദ് നബി]](സ) അദ്ദേഹത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് പറഞ്ഞു: ''"ദൈവം ഉമറിന്റെ നാവിലൂടെയും മനസ്സിലൂടെയും സത്യം അനാവരണം ചെയ്യുന്നു, അദ്ദേഹം സത്യാസത്യ വിവേചകനാണ് (അൽ ഫാറൂഖ്).ദൈവം ഉമറിലൂടെ അത് പ്രകാശനം ചെയ്യുന്നു"''. നബിയുമായുള്ള നിരന്തരസഹവാസവും അറിവുനേടാൻ കാണിച്ച ജാഗ്രതയും ശുഷ്കാന്തിയും ബുദ്ധിവൈഭവവും കാരണം ഖുർആന്റെ ആഴവും അർഥവും നന്നായി ഉൾക്കൊള്ളാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു കഴിഞ്ഞു. അത് കൊണ്ടാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഫാറൂഖ് എന്ന വിളിപ്പേര് ലഭിച്ചത്. ഫാറൂഖ് എന്നാൽ സത്യവും അസത്യവും വേർതിരിച്ചു കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്നവൻ <ref>[[മുഹമ്മദ്‌]] ,ഹൈക്കൽ -വിവ: കെ. പി. കമാലുദ്ദീൻ -പ്രസാ: [[ഐ.പി.എച്]] കോഴിക്കോട്</ref> ==ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിനോടൊപ്പം== മുഹമ്മദ് നബി മരണപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ തന്റെ പിൻഗാമിയെ നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല. [[ഖലീഫ|ഖലീഫയായി]] അബൂബക്കറിന്റെ പേര് നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചത് ഉമറാണ്. അതോടൊപ്പം അബൂബക്കറിന് മറ്റ് പ്രവാചക അനുയായികളുടെ പിന്തുണ ഉറപ്പാക്കാനും ഉമർ മുൻകൈയെടുത്തു. യമാമ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ഖുർആൻ മനപാഠമാക്കിയിരുന്ന വളരെയധികം സ്വഹാബികൾ മരണപ്പെട്ടതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് ഖുർആൻ ക്രോഡീകരിച്ച് സൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ ഉമർ ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കറിനോട് ആവശ്യപ്പെടുകയും അതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് തുണികളിലും, എല്ലിൻ കഷണങ്ങളിലും, ഈന്തപ്പനയോലകളിലും മറ്റും സൂക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ഖുർആൻ ഒന്നിച്ചുകൂട്ടി ഖലീഫയുടെ കൈവശം സൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഖലീഫ ഉസ്മാന്റെ കാലത്ത് ഇതിൽ നിന്നാണ് കൂടുതൽ പകർപ്പുകൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കി മുസ്‌ലിം ലോകത്ത് വിതരണം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടത്.<ref>ഉമർ ബിൻ അൽ ഖത്താബ്: ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് & ടൈംസ് വാള്യം 1 -[[അലി മുഹമ്മദ് അസ്സല്ലാബി]] -പ്രസാ: ഐ.ഐ.പി.എച്ച്</ref> ==ഖിലാഫത്ത്== രോഗാതുരനായ ഖലീഫാ അബൂബക്കർ [r] തന്റെ മരണത്തിനു മുൻപായി മറ്റൊരു ഖലീഫയെ തെരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാൻ സ്വഹാബികളോട് ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടപ്പോൾ പുതിയ ഖലീഫയെ അബൂബക്കർ തന്നെ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാനാണ് സ്വഹാബികൾ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടത്. അതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് ഖലീഫാ അബൂബക്കർ പ്രമുഖ സ്വഹാബികളോട് കൂടിയാലോചിച്ച ശേഷമാണ് ഉമറിനോട് ഖലീഫയായി ചുമതലയേൽക്കാൻ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നത്. ആദ്യം പദവി ഏറ്റെടുക്കാൻ വിസമ്മതിച്ച ഉമർ ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റെ നിർബന്ധത്തെത്തുടർന്ന് ആ സ്ഥാനം ഏറ്റെടുത്തു. പദവിയേറ്റെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം ഖലീഫാ ഉമർ നടത്തിയ രണ്ടു പ്രസംഗങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്ന്‌ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കുടുംബക്കാരോടാണ്‌. ആ പ്രസംഗം ഇങ്ങനെയായിരുന്നു. {{Cquote|എന്റെ പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട കുടുംബമേ,, ഇന്നാലിന്നവരുടെ സന്തതികളേ. നിങ്ങൾ ഉമറിന്റെ ബന്ധുക്കളാണ്‌. അതു കൊണ്ട്‌ നിങ്ങളിലാരെങ്കിലും ഒരു തെറ്റു ചെയ്താൽ ഞാൻ നിങ്ങളെ ഇരട്ടിയായി ശിക്ഷിക്കും. കാരണം, ജനങ്ങൾ മാംസക്കടയിൽ തൂക്കിയിട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന മാംസത്തിലേക്ക്‌ നായ്ക്കൾ നോക്കുന്നതു പോലെ ആർത്തിയോടെ നിങ്ങളെ നോക്കിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കും. നിങ്ങളിലാരെങ്കിലുമൊരു തെറ്റു ചെയ്താൽ അതിന്റെ മറവിൽ തങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ആ തെറ്റു ചെയ്യാമല്ലോ എന്നോർത്ത്‌. അതിനാൽ നിങ്ങൾ നിങ്ങളെ സൂക്ഷിച്ചു കൊള്ളുക. നിശ്ചയം ഉമർ അല്ലാഹുവിനെ ഭയക്കുന്നു. സത്യത്തിന്റെയും ധർമ്മത്തിന്റെയും മാർഗ്ഗത്തിലല്ലാതെ നിങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ഉമറിനെ കണ്ടെത്താനാവില്ല.<ref>http:///kadalasupookkal.blogspot.in/2011/03/blog-post_18.html</ref>}} == രാഷ്ട്രവികസനം == [[പ്രമാണം:Sword of Umar ibn al-Khittab-mohammad adil rais.JPG|thumb|195px|ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ വാൾ]] ഒന്നാം [[ഖലീഫ]] [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റെ]] മരണ ശേഷം ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ് രണ്ടാം ഖലീഫയായി. ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണകാലം വിജയങ്ങളുടെ കാലമായിരുന്നു. [[ഇറാൻ]], [[ഇറാഖ്]], [[സിറിയ]], [[ഈജിപ്ത്]] തുടങ്ങിയവ മുസ്‌ലിം ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിലായി. പിന്നീട് [[സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|സസാനിയൻ പേർഷ്യാ സാമ്രാജ്യവും]] [[പൗരസ്ത്യ റോമാസാമ്രാജ്യം|പൗരസ്ത്യ റോമാസാമ്രാജ്യവും]] അധഃപതിച്ചു.<ref>വിശ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം വാള്യം-2</ref><ref>http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUM/18/59</ref>. ഉമർ പത്തരവർഷം ഖലീഫയായി ഭരണം നടത്തി. ചുരുങ്ങിയ കാലയളവിനുള്ളിൽ വിസ്തൃതിയിലും ശക്തിയിലും ആഭ്യന്തരഭദ്രതയിലും അന്നുവരെ ലോകം കണ്ട ഏറ്റവും വലിയ ഭരണകൂടം അദ്ദേഹം കെട്ടിപ്പടുത്തു.<ref>റിലീജ്യൻ ആന്റ്റ് വാർ ഇൻ റെവലൂഷണറി ഇറാൻ (Religion and war in revolutionary Iran By Saskia Maria Gieling ,pub:I.B.Tauris)</ref> ഭരണസംവിധാനം, പ്രജാക്ഷേമം, നീതിനിർവഹണം, രാജ്യവിസതൃതി ഇവയിലെല്ലാം ശ്രദ്ധനൽകി [[ഖുർആൻ|ഖുർആന്റെ]] വിധിവിലക്കുകളിൽ ഊന്നിയ ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണം പിൽക്കാല ഭരണതന്ത്രജ്ഞരും ചിന്തകരും മുക്തകണ്ഠം പ്രശംസിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. കൊട്ടാരമോ അംഗരക്ഷകരോ ഇല്ലാതെ ലളിത ജീവിതം നയിച്ചു സ്വയം മാതൃക കാണിച്ച ഖലീഫാ ഉമറിന് സ്വന്തമായി ഒരു നല്ല വീടുപോലും ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു. പലപ്പോഴും കീറിയ വസ്ത്രം തുന്നിച്ചേർത്തായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ധരിച്ചിരുന്നത്. === പാലസ്തീൻ, സിറിയ === {{പ്രലേ|ശാം}} പാലസ്തീൻ, സിറിയ, ജോർദാൻ, ലബനാൻ എന്നീ പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ അക്കാലത്ത് ശാം എന്ന പേരിലാണ് അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. ഈ പ്രദേശത്തെ പ്രധാന കോട്ട സ്ഥിതിചെയ്തിരുന്ന സ്ഥലമാണ് [[യർമൂഖ്]]. ഖലീഫ [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്]] മരണപ്പെടുന്ന സമയം യർമൂഖിൽ [[ഖാലിദ്ബ്നു വലീദ്|ഖാലിദ്ബ്നു വലീദിന്റെ]] നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ റോമൻ സൈന്യവുമായി നിർണായക യുദ്ധം നടക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. മുസ്‌ലിം സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ വിജയവാർത്ത അറിഞ്ഞശേഷമായിരുന്നു ഖലീഫയുടെ അന്ത്യം. ആത്മവീര്യം നഷ്ടപ്പെടാതെ ശത്രുക്കളെ തുരത്തുവാൻ ഖലീഫയായി ചുമതലയേറ്റ ഉടനെ ഉമർ സൈന്യത്തിന് നിർദ്ദേശം നൽകി. യർമൂഖ് വിജയത്തെത്തുടർന്ന് റോമാ ചക്രവർത്തി [[ഹിർഖൽ]] [[കോൺസ്റ്റാന്റിനോപ്പിൾ|കോൺസ്റ്റാന്റിനോപ്പിളിലേക്ക്]] പലായനം ചെയ്തു. മുസ്‌ലിം സൈന്യം ശാമിലേക്ക് ([[സിറിയ]]) പടയോട്ടം ആരംഭിച്ചു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atheism.about.com/library/chronologies/blchron_islam_medieval1.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2012-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404060813/http://atheism.about.com/library/chronologies/blchron_islam_medieval1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[അബൂഉബൈദ|അബൂഉബൈദയായിരുന്നു]] സൈന്യാധിപൻ. ചരിത്രപസിദ്ധമായ [[ബൈതുൽ മുഖദ്ദിസ്]] മുസ്‌ലിം ആധിപത്യത്തിലായത് ഇതിനെത്തുടർന്നായിരുന്നു. ക്രൈസ്തവർ സൈനികമായി പരാജയപ്പെട്ടെങ്കിലും ഖലീഫ നേരിട്ടുവന്നാൽ മാത്രമേ ബൈതുൽ മഖ്ദിസ് വിട്ടുതരികയുള്ളൂ എന്ന് ശഠിച്ചു. ക്രിസ്ത്യാനികൾ മുന്നോട്ടുവെച്ച നിർദ്ദേശം രക്തച്ചൊരിച്ചിൽ ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ വേണ്ടി മുസ്‌ലിംകൾ അംഗീകരിച്ചു. ഖലീഫ മദീനയിൽ നിന്ന് യാത്രചെയ്ത് ബൈതുൽമഖ്ദിസിലെത്തി. സാധാരണക്കാരന്റെ വേഷത്തിലെത്തിയ ഖലീഫ മോടിയുള്ള വസ്ത്രം ധരിക്കണമെന്ന് മുസ്‌ലിംകളിൽ ചിലർ താൽപര്യപ്പെട്ടു. പക്ഷേ, ഉമറിന്റെ മറുപടി ഇപ്രകാരമായിരുന്നു: 'വസ്ത്രത്തിലല്ല, ഇസ്‌ലാമിലാണ് നമ്മുടെ പ്രതാപം.' ഖലീഫ ബൈതുൽമഖ്ദിസിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111095033/http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[പാത്രിയാർക്കീസ്]] സ്വഫർനിയൂസും മറ്റ് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ നേതാക്കളുമായി സംസാരിച്ചു. ഖുദ്സ് നിവാസികൾക്ക് സ്വന്തം കൈപ്പടയിൽ തന്നെ അദ്ദേഹം സംരക്ഷണപത്രം എഴുതിക്കൊടുത്തു. അങ്ങനെ സിറിയയും ഫലസ്തീനും സമീപ പ്രദേശങ്ങളും ഇസ്‌ലാമിന് അധീനമായി. എ.ഡി.638-ലായിരുന്നു ഇത്.<ref>റോമായുഗം-പ്രൊ. പി.എസ്.വേലായുധൻ, പ്രസാ:എൻ.ബി.എസ്. കോട്ടയം.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aqsakey.com/latest/aqsakey |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105044200/http://aqsakey.com/latest/aqsakey |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.danielpipes.org/84/the-muslim-claim-to-jerusalem</ref> === ഈജിപ്ത് === ഫലസ്തീൻ വിജയത്തിനുശേഷം [[അംറുബ്നുൽ ആസ്]] സൈന്യത്തെ ഈജിപ്തിലേക്കു നയിച്ചു. അംറുബ്നുൽ ആസ് ഈജിപ്തിന്റെ കവാടം എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഫർമാപട്ടണം കീഴടക്കി. തുടർന്ന് നിരന്തരയുദ്ധം നടന്നു. മൂന്ന് വർഷം കൊണ്ട് ഈജിപ്ത് പൂർണമായും ഇസ്‌ലാമികഭരണത്തിനു കീഴിലായി. നൈൽ നദീതീരത്ത് ഫുസ്ത്വാത് എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു പുതിയ നഗരവും മുസ്‌ലിംകൾ പടുത്തുയർത്തി.<ref>http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/57.htm</ref> === പേർഷ്യ === {{പ്രലേ|സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം}}[[പ്രമാണം:BethlehemOmarMosque.jpg|thumb|right|ബെത്ലഹേമിലെ ഉമറിന്റെ പള്ളി]] ഇന്നത്തെ ഇറാനും ഇറാഖും ഉൾപ്പെട്ടതായിരുന്നു അന്ന് പേർഷ്യ എന്ന പേരിൽ അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്.<ref>http://www.parstimes.com/library/brief_history_of_persian_empire.html</ref> പേർഷ്യയും അറേബ്യൻ ഉപദ്വീപിന്റെ ചില ഭാഗങ്ങളും അന്ന് [[സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|സസാനിയൻ പേർഷ്യൻ സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ]] ആധിപത്യത്തിലായിരുന്നു. ചരിത്രപ്രസിദ്ധമായ [[ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധം|ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധത്തോടുകൂടിയാണ്]] പേർഷ്യൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം അറബികളുടെ അധീനതയിലായത് . ഇറാഖിൽ ടൈഗ്രീസ് നദിക്കക്കരെ ഖാദിസിയ്യ എന്ന സമതല പ്രദേശത്തുവെച്ച് ഹിജ്റ 15 നും 16 നും (ക്രിസ്തുവർഷം 636<ref name=afghans11>{{cite book |last=Vogelsang|first= Willem|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Afghans|year=2002 |publisher=Willey-Blackwell, John Willey & SOns, Ltd, UK.|location=LONDON|isbn=978-1-4051-8243-0|chapter= 11-The advent of Islam|pages=176-177|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA176#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>) ഇടയ്ക്ക് നടന്ന യുദ്ധത്തിൽ സഅ്ദ് ബ്നു അബീവഖാസ് ആയിരുന്നു മുസ്ലിം സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ അധിപൻ . പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ നേതൃത്വം പ്രസിദ്ധയോദ്ധാവായ [[റുസ്തം ഫറൂഖ്സാദ്|റുസ്തം ഫറൂഖ്സാദിനായിരുന്നു]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/spahbod_rustam_farrukh_hormazd2.php |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-12-08 |archive-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217100717/http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/spahbod_rustam_farrukh_hormazd2.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. മുസ്ലിംകളുടെ ഭാഗത്ത് മുപ്പതിനായിരത്തോളം സൈനികർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അതിന്റെ ഇരട്ടിയിലധികമായിരുന്നു പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യം. ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധവിജയത്തെ തുടർന്ന് പേർഷ്യൻ തലസ്ഥാനമായ മദാഇൻ ഇസ്ലാമിന് കീഴടങ്ങി. <ref>http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/right.htm </ref>. <ref>http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/right.htm</ref> പേർഷ്യൻ ചക്രവർത്തി യസ്ദർജിർദ് മൂന്നാമൻ ഇസ്ലാമിക രാഷ്ട്രത്തിനെതിരായി ഒരു യുദ്ധത്തിന് ശ്രമം നടത്തി. ഇറാഖിന്റെയും ഇറാന്റെയും അതിർത്തിയിലുള്ള നഹാവന്ത് എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തുവെച്ച് നുഅ്മാനുബ്നു മുഖ്‌രിൻറെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ മുസ്ലിം സൈന്യം പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യത്തെ നിശ്ശേഷം പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി. ''ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുതൂഹ്'' (വിജയങ്ങളുടെ വിജയം) എന്ന പേരിൽ ഈ യുദ്ധം പ്രസിദ്ധമായി. യുദ്ധം വിജയിച്ചെങ്കിലും സേനാ നായകനായ നുഅ്മാനുബ്നു മുഖ്‌രിൻ ഈ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ മരണമടഞ്ഞു. തുടർന്ന് ഇറാന്റെ എല്ലാ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലേക്കും മുസ്ലിംകൾ മുന്നേറി. ഖുറാസാൻ മുസ്ലീങ്ങളുടെ സേനക്ക് കീഴിലായി. യസ്ദർജിർദ് മൂന്നാമൻ നാടുവിട്ടു.<ref>http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUM/18/8</ref> == ഭരണ പരിഷ്കാരങ്ങൾ == # രാജ്യത്തെ പല പ്രവിശ്യകളായി തിരിച്ചു. [[മക്ക]], [[മദീന]], ജസീറ, ബസ്വറ, കൂഫ, [[ഈജിപ്ത്]], ഫലസ്തീൻ തുടങ്ങിയവയൊക്കെ പ്രവിശ്യകളായിരുന്നു. # പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ മേൽനോട്ടത്തിന് ഗവർണർമാരെയും ന്യായാധിപന്മാരെയും നിയമിച്ചു. സൈനിക നേതൃത്വവും മതനേതൃത്വവും ഗവർണറിൽ നിക്ഷിപ്തമായിരുന്നു. # കോടതികളെ ഭരണകൂടത്തിൽ നിന്നും സ്വതന്ത്രമാക്കി. # പ്രവിശ്യകളെ ജില്ലകളായി തിരിച്ചു. പ്രവിശ്യാഗവർണർ ''വലിയ്യ്, അമീർ'' എന്നീ പേരുകളിൽ അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ഭരണമേധാവി ആമിൽ എന്നാണ് അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. # പട്ടാളക്കാരുടെ നിയമം, ശമ്പളത്തുക, പെൻഷൻ തുടങ്ങിയവ കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യുന്നതിന് ഒരു പട്ടാളവകുപ്പിന് രൂപം നൽകി. # കേന്ദ്രത്തിലും പ്രവിശ്യകളിലും പൊതുഖജനാവ് സമ്പ്രദായം (ധനകാര്യവകുപ്പ്) സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. # [[സകാത്ത്|സകാതിനത്തിലും]] മറ്റും ശേഖരിക്കുന്ന ധനം ജനങ്ങളുടെ ആവശ്യത്തിന് വിനിയോഗിച്ചു. # കുറ്റവാളികളെ പിടികൂടുക, ജനങ്ങളുടെ പരാതികൾ അന്വേഷിച്ചറിയുക, യാത്രാസംഘങ്ങൾക്കു സംരക്ഷണം നൽകുക തുടങ്ങിയ കാര്യങ്ങൾക്ക് മേൽനോട്ടം നൽകുന്നതിനായി പോലീസ് വകുപ്പ് ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി.ജയിലുകൾ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു # നാണ്യ വ്യവസ്ഥ പരിഷ്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിലുണ്ടായിരുന്ന പേർഷ്യൻ നാണയങ്ങൾക്ക് പകരം ഇസ്ലാമിക നാണയങ്ങൾ പ്രാബല്യത്തിൽ വരുത്തി. # [[അടിമവ്യവസ്ത|അടിമത്തം]] ഇല്ലാതാക്കാൻ തീവ്രശ്രമം നടത്തി. [[മുഹമ്മദ്|നബിയുടെ]] വചനങ്ങളും മാതൃകകളും പ്രയോഗവത്കരിച്ചു # രാജ്യത്ത് വ്യവസ്ഥാപിതമായി തപാൽ സമ്പ്രദായം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. # [[നികുതി]] നിർണയിക്കാനായി കൃഷിഭൂമിയുടെ കണക്കെടുത്തു. # അളവിലും തൂക്കത്തിലും കൃത്രിമത്വം തടയാനും അങ്ങാടിനിലവാരം പരിശോധിക്കാനും സംവിധാനങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കി. # പ്രവിശ്യകളിലെ ജനങ്ങളുടെ കണക്കെടുത്തു.(സെൻസസ്‌) # ഇമാം, മുഅദ്ദിൻ എന്നിവർക്ക് ശമ്പളം നിശ്ചയിച്ചു. # വിദ്യാലയങ്ങൾ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. അധ്യാപകർക്ക് പൊതുഖജനാവിൽനിന്ന് ശമ്പളം നൽകി. # രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ റോഡുകൾ നിർമിച്ച് ഗതാഗത സൌകര്യങ്ങൾ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തി. # [[ബസറ]], [[കൂഫ]], ഫുസ്ത്വാത് തുടങ്ങിയ നഗരങ്ങൾ പണിതുയർത്തി. # [[ഹിജ്റ വർഷം|ഹിജ്റ]] അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി ഒരു പുതിയ [[കലണ്ടർ]] നടപ്പിൽ വരുത്തി. ഹിജ്റ പതിനാറാം വർഷമാണ് ഈ കലണ്ടർ ആരംഭിച്ചത്. # കൃഷിയും ജലസേചന സൌകര്യങ്ങളും മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തി. നിരവധി [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകൾ]] നിർമിച്ചു. പൊതുകിണറുകളും അതിഥി മന്ദിരങ്ങളും നാടിന്റെ നാനാഭാഗങ്ങളിലും നിർമിച്ചു. # ജനങ്ങൾക്ക് [[പെൻഷൻ]]സമ്പ്രദായം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. # ഖലീഫക്ക് അമീറുൽ മുഅ്മിനീൻ എന്ന സ്ഥാനപ്പേര് ഉപയോഗിച്ചു. തുടർന്നു വന്ന ഖലീഫമാരും ഈ പേര് നിലനിർത്തി. # [[മക്ക|മക്കയിലെ]] [[മസ്ജിദുൽ ഹറാം|മസ്ജിദുൽ ഹറാമും]] [[മദീന|മദീനയിലെ]] [[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി|മസ്ജിദുന്നബവിയും]] വിശാലമാക്കി.<ref>Encyclopaedia britanica volume 17 ,Publisher :William Benton ,London</ref>.<ref>പാദമുദ്രകൾ-പ്രസാ: പ്രതിഭാ ബുക്സ് -കോഴിക്കോട്.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/04/26/fea16.asp |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824035157/http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/04/26/fea16.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> == മരണം == ഒരു ദിവസം ഉമർ [[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി|മസ്ജിദുന്നബവിയിൽ]] പ്രഭാത പ്രാർത്ഥനക്ക് നേതൃത്വം നൽകുമ്പോൾ, മുൻനിരയിൽ നിലയുറപ്പിച്ച പേർഷ്യക്കാരനായ ഫൈറൂസ് അബൂ ലുഅ് ലുഅത്ത് മജൂസി, ഉമറിനെ പെട്ടെന്ന് കഠാരകൊണ്ട് കുത്തി. പേർഷ്യൻ പടനായകനായിരുന്ന ഹുർമുസാനും ഹീറയിലെ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ നേതാവായ ജുഫൈനയും ജൂതപുരോഹിതനായ കഅ്ബുൽ അഹ്ബാറും ചേർന്നു നടത്തിയ ഗൂഢാലോചനയുടെ ഫലമായിരുന്നു കൊലയാളിയായ ഫൈറൂസിനെ ഈ കൊലപാതകത്തിന് പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ചതെന്ന് ചരിത്രകാരന്മാർ അഭിപ്രായപ്പെടുന്നു. പ്രവാചകൻ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദിന്റേയും]] ഒന്നാം ഖലീഫ [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്|അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റേയും]] [[ഖബ്ർ|ഖബ്റുകൾക്ക്]] സമീപം [[മദീന|മദീനയിൽ]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൃതദേഹം മറവ് ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ilmfruits.com/the-assassination-of-umar-ibn-al-khattab |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004184138/http://www.ilmfruits.com/the-assassination-of-umar-ibn-al-khattab/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/19_umar_bin_al_khattab.htm#Shadows%20Of%20Death |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118115445/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/19_umar_bin_al_khattab.htm#Shadows%20Of%20Death |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ഖലീഫ ഉമറിനെ കുറിച്ച് == <poem> {{Cquote|ഈന്ത മരങ്ങൾ ഇടതിങ്ങിയ ശീതള ശാദ്വലങ്ങളിൽ സുഖിക്കും; ഹേ; മക്കാ ദേശമേ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് നീയൊരു ഉമർ ഫാറൂഖിനെ ഉയർത്തുന്നില്ല വീണ്ടും |||അല്ലാമാഇഖ്ബാൽ (ജവീദ്നാമ)}} </poem> == ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ മൊഴികൾ == {{Wikiquote|ഖലീഫാ ഉമർ}} * യൂഫ്രട്ടീസിന്റെ തീരത്ത്‌ ഒരു ആട്ടിൻകുട്ടി വിശന്നു ചത്താൽ പോലും ഞാനതിന്റെ പേരിൽ പരലോകത്ത്‌ ഉത്തരം പറയേണ്ടി വരും. * നേതാവല്ലാത്തപ്പോൾ ജനങ്ങളുടെ നേതാവിനെപ്പോലെയും നേതാവായാൽ അനുയായിയെപ്പോലെയും പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നവരെയാണ്‌ നമുക്കാവശ്യം. * ഇസ്‌ലാമിന്റെ നിയമം എല്ലാവർക്കും തുല്യമാണ്‌. ആർക്കെങ്കിലും വേണ്ടി ഉമർ അത്‌ മാറ്റുകയില്ല. * ജനങ്ങൾ അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന പ്രയാസങ്ങൾ ഞാനും അനുഭവിക്കാതെ എനിക്കെങ്ങനെ അവരുടെ സ്ഥിതി മനസ്സിലാകും? * താങ്കളൊരു നേതാവാണെങ്കിൽ പക്ഷഭേദം കാണിക്കുമെന്ന്‌ താങ്കളെക്കുറിച്ച്‌ പ്രമാണികൾ വിചാരിക്കാതിരിക്കട്ടെ. താങ്കളുടെ നീതിനിഷ്‌ഠയെക്കുറിച്ച്‌ ഒരു ദുർബലനും നിരാശനാവാതിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യട്ടെ. * ഒരാളുടെ അഭിപ്രായം ഒറ്റയിഴ മാത്രമുള്ള നൂലാണ്‌. രണ്ടാളുകളുടേത്‌ പിരിച്ച നൂലാണ്‌. രണ്ടിൽ കൂടുതൽ പേരുടേത്‌ പൊട്ടാത്ത കയറാണ്‌. * പണം അധികം സമ്പാദിക്കരുത്‌. ഇന്നത്തെ ജോലി നാളേക്ക്‌ നീട്ടരുത്‌. * ദൈവ ഭക്തിയാണ്‌ ശത്രുവിനെ തോല്‌പിക്കാനുള്ള ഏറ്റവും നല്ല ആയുധം. കൂടെയുള്ളവരുടെ പാപങ്ങളാണ്‌ ശത്രുവിന്റെ ആയുധത്തേക്കാൾ പേടിക്കേണ്ടത്‌. * നമ്മുടെ ആരുടെയെങ്കിലും അടുക്കൽ പണമുള്ള കാലത്തോളം പണമില്ലാത്തവരുടെ ആവശ്യം പൂർത്തീകരിക്കാതെ കിടക്കരുത്‌. == ഉമർ ശിയാ മുസ്‌ലിംകളിൽ == ഉമർ [[ഷിയാ ഇസ്‌ലാം|ഷിയാ]] ക്കളുടെ വീക്ഷണത്തിൽ ഒരു അവിശ്വാസി ആണ്. [[ഷിയാ ഇസ്‌ലാം|ഷിയാ]] ക്കൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മരണം ആഘോഷിക്കുകയും പെരുന്നാൾ കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തെ വധിച്ച അബൂ ലുഅ്‌ലുഅ് മജുസിയെ ഒരു മുസ്‌ലിമായിട്ടാണ് അവർ ചിത്രീകരിച്ചത് അയാളെ ബാബാ ശുജാഉദ്ദീൻ എന്നാണ് അവർ വിളിക്കുന്നത് ഉമറിനെ ശപിക്കാനുള്ള കാരണം [[ഉമർ ഫാത്തിമയുടെ വീട്ടിൽ]] എന്ന വിവാദ സംഭവത്തെ ആസ്പദമാക്കിയാണ്. ഫാത്തിമയുടെ മരണത്തിന് കാരണം ഉമർ ആണന്നാണ് ശിയാ മുസ്‌ലികൾ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നത്‌. ഈ കാരണം കൊണ്ട് ഉമറിനെ അവർ ശപിക്കുന്നു == ഇതും കാണുക == * [[ഉമർ (ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പര)]] == അവലംബം == {{reflist|2}} {{സ്വഹാബികൾ}} {{റാശിദുൺ ഖലീഫമാർ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആദ്യകാല മുസ്ലിം ഭരണാധികാരികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്വഹാബികൾ]] 10wo50rvo2qqjakmdcm3ob55yw30per 4644317 4644282 2026-07-08T06:31:48Z Irshadpp 10433 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-38540-41|~2026-38540-41]] ([[User talk:~2026-38540-41|സംവാദം]]) നടത്തിയ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നീക്കം ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നു; നിലവിലുള്ള പതിപ്പ് [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] സൃഷ്ടിച്ചതാണ് 4629323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Umar}}{{Infobox Monarch | name =ഉമർ | title =[[ഖലീഫ]] | image = Mohammad adil rais-Caliph Umar's empire at its peak 644.PNG | caption = ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണ പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ 644 | reign =[[634]] സി.ഇ. – [[644]] സി.ഇ.<ref>[http://archive.org/stream/UmarIbnAl-khattabHisLifeAndTimes/Umar-Ibn-Al-khattab-Volume-2#page/n393/mode/1up ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ്; ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് ആൻഡ് ടൈംസ്, പേജ് 396]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=26&month=12&year=23&date_result=1 |title=കലണ്ടർ കൺവെർട്ടർ |access-date=2013-07-06 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075811/http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=hij-ger&day=26&month=12&year=23&date_result=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | othertitles =[[അമീറുൽ മുഅ്മിനീൻ]] (വിശ്വസികളുടെ നേതാവ്)<br />അൽ-ഫാറൂഖ് (സത്യാസത്യ വിവേചകൻ) | full name = ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖതാബ്‌ | predecessor =[[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കർ]] | successor =[[ഉസ്‌മാൻ ബിൻ അഫ്ഫാൻ]] | father =ഖതാബ് | mother =ഹൻതമ | date of birth =[[583]] സി.ഇ. | place of birth =[[മക്ക]] | date of death ={{death date|644|11|7|df=y}} | place of death =[[മദീന]] | place of burial =[[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി]], [[മദീന]] |}} {{ഇസ്‌ലാം‌മതം}} ഇസ്‌ലാമിക [[ഖിലാഫത്ത്|ഖിലാഫത്തിലെ]] രണ്ടാമത്തെ [[ഖലീഫ|ഖലീഫയാണ്]] '''ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖതാബ്‌''' അഥവാ '''ഖലീഫ ഉമർ'''. പ്രവാചകനായ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദ് നബിയുടെ]] സഹചാരിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം ഒന്നാം [[ഖലീഫ]] [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കറിന്]] ശേഷം 10 വർഷക്കാലം ഭരണം നടത്തി<ref>[http://archive.org/stream/UmarIbnAl-khattabHisLifeAndTimes/Umar-Ibn-Al-khattab-Volume-2#page/n394/mode/1up ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ്; ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് ആൻഡ് ടൈംസ്, പേജ് 397]</ref>. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കാലത്ത് ഈജിപ്തും, പേർഷ്യയും കീഴടക്കി<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mideastweb.org/islamhistory.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101055550/http://www.mideastweb.org/islamhistory.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == ജനനം == [[മക്ക|മക്കയിലെ]] [[ഖുറൈഷ്|ഖുറൈഷി]] ഗോത്രത്തിലെ ബനൂ അദിയ്യ് കുടുംബത്തിൽ ഖതാബ് ഇബ്നു നുഫൈലിന്റെയും, മഖ്സൂം കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഹാശിമിബ്നു മുഗീറയുടെ പുത്രി ഹൻതമയുടെയും മകനായി ക്രിസ്ത്വബ്ദം 583 ൽ ജനിച്ചു. എന്നാൽ ജനനം 586 ലാണെന്നും, 591 ലാണെന്നുമഭിപ്രായമുണ്ട്. [[മുഹമ്മദ്നബി|മുഹമ്മദ്നബിയുമായി]] ഉമറിന്റെ പ്രായ വ്യത്യാസം 13 വയസ്സാണ്.<ref>ഫാറൂഖ് ഉമർ -[[ശൈഖ് മുഹമ്മദ് കാരകുന്ന്]] -പ്രസാ:[[ഐ.പി.എച്ച്]]-കോഴിക്കോട്</ref> സൈനബ് ബിൻത് മദ്ഊൻ, മലീക ബിൻത് ജർവാൽ, കുറൈബ ബിൻത് അബി ഉമയ്യ അൽ മക്സൂമി, ഉമ്മു ഹക്കീം ബിൻത് അൽ ഹാരിത് ഇബ്നു ഹിഷാം, ജമീല ബിൻത് ആസിം, ആതിഖ ബിൻത് സൈദ്, ഉമ്മു ഖൽത്തൂം ബിൻത് അലി, ലുഹ്‌യാ, ഫക്കീറ, എന്നിവരായിരുന്നു ഉമറിന്റെ ഭാര്യമാർ. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പതിമൂന്ന് മക്കളാണ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. അവരുടെ പേരുകൾ സൈദ് അക്ബർ, സൈദ് അസ്‌ഹർ, ആസിം, [[അബ്ദുല്ല ഇബ്‌നു ഉമർ|അബ്ദുള്ള]], അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ അക്ബർ, അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ വസദ്, അബ്ദുൾ റഹ്മാൻ അസ്‌ഹർ, ഉബൈദുള്ള, ഇയാദ്, ഹഫ്സ, റുഖിയ, സൈനബ്, ഫാത്തിമ എന്നിങ്ങനെയായിരുന്നു.<ref>ഉമർ ബിൻ അൽ ഖത്താബ്: ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് & ടൈംസ് Vol 1 Page 40 -[[അലി മുഹമ്മദ് അസ്സല്ലാബി]]</ref> == ഇസ്‌ലാമിനുമുമ്പ് == അക്കാലത്തെ അറബികളിൽ അക്ഷരാഭ്യാസം ലഭിച്ച അപൂർവ്വം ആളുകളിലൊരാളായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. ബാല്യത്തിൽ തന്നെ പിതാവിന്റെ [[ആട്|ആടുകളെയും]] [[ഒട്ടകം|ഒട്ടകങ്ങളെയും]] മേക്കുന്ന ജോലി അർപ്പിതമായി. യൗവനത്തോടെ വ്യാപാര രംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം കച്ചവടസംഘത്തോടൊപ്പം [[സിറിയ|സിറിയയിലേക്കും]], [[യമൻ|യമനിലേക്കും]] പതിവായി യാത്ര ചെയ്യാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എങ്കിലും സാമ്പത്തികമായി വലിയ ഉന്നതിയിലെത്തിയിരുന്നില്ല. സാഹിത്യത്തിലും, വിജ്ഞാനം നേടുന്നതിലുമായിരുന്നു ഉമറിന് കൂടുതൽ താല്പര്യം. ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ തന്നെ ആയോധനവിദ്യ അഭ്യസിച്ച അദ്ദേഹത്തെ തോൽപ്പിക്കാൻ അന്ന് മക്കയിലും പരിസരത്തും ആരും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ഇരു കൈകൊണ്ടും ഒരേ പോലെ ജോലി ചെയ്യാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പ്രത്യേക കഴിവുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അന്നത്തെ അറേബ്യയിലെ യുവതീ-യുവാക്കളുടെ ആരാധ്യനായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. തർക്കങ്ങൾക്ക് മാധ്യസഥം വഹിക്കാനുള്ള അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഴിവ് അറബികൾക്കിടയിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരണീയ വ്യക്തിയാക്കി മാറ്റി. == ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരണം == മക്കയിൽ പ്രവാചകൻ [[മുഹമ്മദ്]], തങ്ങൾ ഇതുവരെ ആരാധിച്ചു പോരുന്ന ദൈവങ്ങളെയും വിഗ്രഹങ്ങളെയും തള്ളിപ്പറയുന്നതിൽ അത്യധികം രോഷാകുലനായിരുന്നു ഉമർ. ഇസ്‌ലാമിന്റെ വളർച്ചക്കെതിരെ സാധ്യമായ എല്ലാ നടപടികളും മക്കക്കാർ സ്വീകരിച്ചിട്ടും അത് വളരുകയാണെന്നും ഇനി മുഹമ്മദിനെ കൊലപ്പെടുത്തുക മാത്രമാണ് പരിഹാരമെന്നും തീരുമാനിച്ച ഉമർ അതിനായി അദ്ദേഹത്തെത്തേടി ഊരിപ്പിടിച്ച വാളുമായി പോകുകയായിരുന്നു. ഇതു കണ്ട അബ്ദുല്ലയുടെ മകൻ നുഐം അദ്ദേഹത്തെ അതിൽ നിന്നും പിന്തിരിപ്പിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ചു.<ref>http://historyofislam.com/contents/the-age-of-faith/omar-ibn-al-khattab-r/</ref>വഴങ്ങാതെ മുന്നോട്ട് നീങ്ങിയ ഉമറിനോട് എങ്കിൽ മുസ്‌ലിമായ സഹോദരിയെയും ഭർത്താവിനെയും ആദ്യം കൊല്ലാനും എന്നിട്ടാവാം മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ കാര്യമെന്നും പറഞ്ഞു. സഹോദരിയും ഭർത്താവും ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരിച്ചത് അതുവരെയും അറിയാതിരുന്ന ഉമർ ഉടനെ അവരുടെ വീട്ടിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചു. അവിടെ ഉമർ എത്തുമ്പോൾ സഹോദരിയും ഭർത്താവും [[ഖുർആൻ]] പാരായണം ചെയ്യുകയായിരുന്നു. വീട്ടിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ച ഉമർ അവർ വായിച്ചു കൊണ്ടിരുന്ന ഖുർആൻ ഭാഗം വാങ്ങി വായിച്ചു. അതിൽ ആകൃഷ്ടനായ അദ്ദേഹം പിന്നീട് മുഹമ്മദ് നബിയെ സന്ദർശിച്ച് ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരിച്ചു.<ref>http://prophet-mohammed-pbuh.blogspot.com/2008/07/how-hamza-embraced-islam.html</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Khattab.html</ref>(sister -fathima, husband -saeed bnu zaid ) == നബിയുമായുള്ള വ്യക്തിബന്ധം == ഇസ്‌ലാം മതം സ്വീകരിക്കുന്നതിനു മുമ്പ് നബിയുടെ കടുത്ത ശത്രുവായിരുന്ന ഉമർ,മുസ്ലിമായതിനു ശേഷം നബിയുടെ അടുത്ത സുഹൃത്തും അനുയായിയും ആയി മാറി. ഉമറിന്റെ വിധവയായിരുന്ന മകൾ ഹഫ്സയെ നബി വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുക വഴി ഉമർ നബിയുടെ ഭാര്യാപിതാവു കൂടിയായി മാറി . "തനിക്കു ശേഷം ഒരു പ്രവാചകനുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിൽ അത് ഉമറാകുമായിരുന്നു" എന്ന നബിവചനം നബിക്ക് ഉമറിനോടുള്ള ആദരവ് വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. ഭരണപരമായ കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ നബി ഉമറിനോടഭിപ്രായം ചോദിക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഉമറിന്റെ അഭിപ്രായം ശരിവെച്ചുകൊണ്ട് പലപ്പോഴും ഖുർആൻ അവതരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഒരുദാഹരണം , കപടനായ അബ്ദുല്ലാഹിബ്നു ഉബയ്യ് എന്ന വ്യക്തി മരണമടഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ മുഹമ്മദ് നബി അയാൾക്കു വേണ്ടി പ്രാർത്ഥിച്ചു. ശവസംസ്കാരചടങ്ങുകളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. എന്നാൽ ഉമർ ഇതിന് എതിരായിരുന്നു. താമസിയാതെ ഉമറിന്റെ അഭിപ്രായം ശരിവെച്ചുകൊണ്ട് [[ഖുർആൻ]] അവതരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ''അവരിൽ നിന്ന് (കപടന്മാരിൽ നിന്ന്) ആർ തന്നെ മരിച്ചാലും അവനു വേണ്ടി നീ ഒരിക്കലും പ്രാർത്ഥിക്കരുത്. അവന്റെ ഖബറിന്നരികിൽ ചെന്നു നിൽക്കുകയും ചെയ്യരുത്''.<ref>ഖുർആൻ അത്തൗബ:84(9/84)</ref> ''"ഉമറിന്റെ നാവിലും ഹൃദയത്തിലും അല്ലാഹു സത്യത്തെ കുടിയിരുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്"'' എന്ന നബിയുടെ പ്രസ്താവന അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഉന്നതമായ വ്യക്തിത്വത്തിന്റെ നിദർശനമാണ്.മറ്റൊരിക്കൽ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദ് നബി]](സ) അദ്ദേഹത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് പറഞ്ഞു: ''"ദൈവം ഉമറിന്റെ നാവിലൂടെയും മനസ്സിലൂടെയും സത്യം അനാവരണം ചെയ്യുന്നു, അദ്ദേഹം സത്യാസത്യ വിവേചകനാണ് (അൽ ഫാറൂഖ്).ദൈവം ഉമറിലൂടെ അത് പ്രകാശനം ചെയ്യുന്നു"''. നബിയുമായുള്ള നിരന്തരസഹവാസവും അറിവുനേടാൻ കാണിച്ച ജാഗ്രതയും ശുഷ്കാന്തിയും ബുദ്ധിവൈഭവവും കാരണം ഖുർആന്റെ ആഴവും അർഥവും നന്നായി ഉൾക്കൊള്ളാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിനു കഴിഞ്ഞു. അത് കൊണ്ടാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഫാറൂഖ് എന്ന വിളിപ്പേര് ലഭിച്ചത്. ഫാറൂഖ് എന്നാൽ സത്യവും അസത്യവും വേർതിരിച്ചു കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്നവൻ <ref>[[മുഹമ്മദ്‌]] ,ഹൈക്കൽ -വിവ: കെ. പി. കമാലുദ്ദീൻ -പ്രസാ: [[ഐ.പി.എച്]] കോഴിക്കോട്</ref> ==ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിനോടൊപ്പം== മുഹമ്മദ് നബി മരണപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ തന്റെ പിൻഗാമിയെ നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല. [[ഖലീഫ|ഖലീഫയായി]] അബൂബക്കറിന്റെ പേര് നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചത് ഉമറാണ്. അതോടൊപ്പം അബൂബക്കറിന് മറ്റ് പ്രവാചക അനുയായികളുടെ പിന്തുണ ഉറപ്പാക്കാനും ഉമർ മുൻകൈയെടുത്തു. യമാമ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ഖുർആൻ മനപാഠമാക്കിയിരുന്ന വളരെയധികം സ്വഹാബികൾ മരണപ്പെട്ടതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് ഖുർആൻ ക്രോഡീകരിച്ച് സൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ ഉമർ ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കറിനോട് ആവശ്യപ്പെടുകയും അതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് തുണികളിലും, എല്ലിൻ കഷണങ്ങളിലും, ഈന്തപ്പനയോലകളിലും മറ്റും സൂക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ഖുർആൻ ഒന്നിച്ചുകൂട്ടി ഖലീഫയുടെ കൈവശം സൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഖലീഫ ഉസ്മാന്റെ കാലത്ത് ഇതിൽ നിന്നാണ് കൂടുതൽ പകർപ്പുകൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കി മുസ്‌ലിം ലോകത്ത് വിതരണം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടത്.<ref>ഉമർ ബിൻ അൽ ഖത്താബ്: ഹിസ് ലൈഫ് & ടൈംസ് വാള്യം 1 -[[അലി മുഹമ്മദ് അസ്സല്ലാബി]] -പ്രസാ: ഐ.ഐ.പി.എച്ച്</ref> ==ഖിലാഫത്ത്== രോഗാതുരനായ ഖലീഫാ അബൂബക്കർ [r] തന്റെ മരണത്തിനു മുൻപായി മറ്റൊരു ഖലീഫയെ തെരഞ്ഞെടുക്കാൻ സ്വഹാബികളോട് ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടപ്പോൾ പുതിയ ഖലീഫയെ അബൂബക്കർ തന്നെ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാനാണ് സ്വഹാബികൾ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടത്. അതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് ഖലീഫാ അബൂബക്കർ പ്രമുഖ സ്വഹാബികളോട് കൂടിയാലോചിച്ച ശേഷമാണ് ഉമറിനോട് ഖലീഫയായി ചുമതലയേൽക്കാൻ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നത്. ആദ്യം പദവി ഏറ്റെടുക്കാൻ വിസമ്മതിച്ച ഉമർ ഖലീഫ അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റെ നിർബന്ധത്തെത്തുടർന്ന് ആ സ്ഥാനം ഏറ്റെടുത്തു. പദവിയേറ്റെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം ഖലീഫാ ഉമർ നടത്തിയ രണ്ടു പ്രസംഗങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്ന്‌ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കുടുംബക്കാരോടാണ്‌. ആ പ്രസംഗം ഇങ്ങനെയായിരുന്നു. {{Cquote|എന്റെ പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട കുടുംബമേ,, ഇന്നാലിന്നവരുടെ സന്തതികളേ. നിങ്ങൾ ഉമറിന്റെ ബന്ധുക്കളാണ്‌. അതു കൊണ്ട്‌ നിങ്ങളിലാരെങ്കിലും ഒരു തെറ്റു ചെയ്താൽ ഞാൻ നിങ്ങളെ ഇരട്ടിയായി ശിക്ഷിക്കും. കാരണം, ജനങ്ങൾ മാംസക്കടയിൽ തൂക്കിയിട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന മാംസത്തിലേക്ക്‌ നായ്ക്കൾ നോക്കുന്നതു പോലെ ആർത്തിയോടെ നിങ്ങളെ നോക്കിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കും. നിങ്ങളിലാരെങ്കിലുമൊരു തെറ്റു ചെയ്താൽ അതിന്റെ മറവിൽ തങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ആ തെറ്റു ചെയ്യാമല്ലോ എന്നോർത്ത്‌. അതിനാൽ നിങ്ങൾ നിങ്ങളെ സൂക്ഷിച്ചു കൊള്ളുക. നിശ്ചയം ഉമർ അല്ലാഹുവിനെ ഭയക്കുന്നു. സത്യത്തിന്റെയും ധർമ്മത്തിന്റെയും മാർഗ്ഗത്തിലല്ലാതെ നിങ്ങൾക്ക്‌ ഉമറിനെ കണ്ടെത്താനാവില്ല.<ref>http:///kadalasupookkal.blogspot.in/2011/03/blog-post_18.html</ref>}} == രാഷ്ട്രവികസനം == [[പ്രമാണം:Sword of Umar ibn al-Khittab-mohammad adil rais.JPG|thumb|195px|ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ വാൾ]] ഒന്നാം [[ഖലീഫ]] [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്‌|അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റെ]] മരണ ശേഷം ഉമർ ബിൻ ഖത്താബ് രണ്ടാം ഖലീഫയായി. ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണകാലം വിജയങ്ങളുടെ കാലമായിരുന്നു. [[ഇറാൻ]], [[ഇറാഖ്]], [[സിറിയ]], [[ഈജിപ്ത്]] തുടങ്ങിയവ മുസ്‌ലിം ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിലായി. പിന്നീട് [[സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|സസാനിയൻ പേർഷ്യാ സാമ്രാജ്യവും]] [[പൗരസ്ത്യ റോമാസാമ്രാജ്യം|പൗരസ്ത്യ റോമാസാമ്രാജ്യവും]] അധഃപതിച്ചു.<ref>വിശ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം വാള്യം-2</ref><ref>http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUM/18/59</ref>. ഉമർ പത്തരവർഷം ഖലീഫയായി ഭരണം നടത്തി. ചുരുങ്ങിയ കാലയളവിനുള്ളിൽ വിസ്തൃതിയിലും ശക്തിയിലും ആഭ്യന്തരഭദ്രതയിലും അന്നുവരെ ലോകം കണ്ട ഏറ്റവും വലിയ ഭരണകൂടം അദ്ദേഹം കെട്ടിപ്പടുത്തു.<ref>റിലീജ്യൻ ആന്റ്റ് വാർ ഇൻ റെവലൂഷണറി ഇറാൻ (Religion and war in revolutionary Iran By Saskia Maria Gieling ,pub:I.B.Tauris)</ref> ഭരണസംവിധാനം, പ്രജാക്ഷേമം, നീതിനിർവഹണം, രാജ്യവിസതൃതി ഇവയിലെല്ലാം ശ്രദ്ധനൽകി [[ഖുർആൻ|ഖുർആന്റെ]] വിധിവിലക്കുകളിൽ ഊന്നിയ ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണം പിൽക്കാല ഭരണതന്ത്രജ്ഞരും ചിന്തകരും മുക്തകണ്ഠം പ്രശംസിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. കൊട്ടാരമോ അംഗരക്ഷകരോ ഇല്ലാതെ ലളിത ജീവിതം നയിച്ചു സ്വയം മാതൃക കാണിച്ച ഖലീഫാ ഉമറിന് സ്വന്തമായി ഒരു നല്ല വീടുപോലും ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു. പലപ്പോഴും കീറിയ വസ്ത്രം തുന്നിച്ചേർത്തായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ധരിച്ചിരുന്നത്. === പാലസ്തീൻ, സിറിയ === {{പ്രലേ|ശാം}} പാലസ്തീൻ, സിറിയ, ജോർദാൻ, ലബനാൻ എന്നീ പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ അക്കാലത്ത് ശാം എന്ന പേരിലാണ് അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. ഈ പ്രദേശത്തെ പ്രധാന കോട്ട സ്ഥിതിചെയ്തിരുന്ന സ്ഥലമാണ് [[യർമൂഖ്]]. ഖലീഫ [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്]] മരണപ്പെടുന്ന സമയം യർമൂഖിൽ [[ഖാലിദ്ബ്നു വലീദ്|ഖാലിദ്ബ്നു വലീദിന്റെ]] നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ റോമൻ സൈന്യവുമായി നിർണായക യുദ്ധം നടക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. മുസ്‌ലിം സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ വിജയവാർത്ത അറിഞ്ഞശേഷമായിരുന്നു ഖലീഫയുടെ അന്ത്യം. ആത്മവീര്യം നഷ്ടപ്പെടാതെ ശത്രുക്കളെ തുരത്തുവാൻ ഖലീഫയായി ചുമതലയേറ്റ ഉടനെ ഉമർ സൈന്യത്തിന് നിർദ്ദേശം നൽകി. യർമൂഖ് വിജയത്തെത്തുടർന്ന് റോമാ ചക്രവർത്തി [[ഹിർഖൽ]] [[കോൺസ്റ്റാന്റിനോപ്പിൾ|കോൺസ്റ്റാന്റിനോപ്പിളിലേക്ക്]] പലായനം ചെയ്തു. മുസ്‌ലിം സൈന്യം ശാമിലേക്ക് ([[സിറിയ]]) പടയോട്ടം ആരംഭിച്ചു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atheism.about.com/library/chronologies/blchron_islam_medieval1.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2012-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404060813/http://atheism.about.com/library/chronologies/blchron_islam_medieval1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[അബൂഉബൈദ|അബൂഉബൈദയായിരുന്നു]] സൈന്യാധിപൻ. ചരിത്രപസിദ്ധമായ [[ബൈതുൽ മുഖദ്ദിസ്]] മുസ്‌ലിം ആധിപത്യത്തിലായത് ഇതിനെത്തുടർന്നായിരുന്നു. ക്രൈസ്തവർ സൈനികമായി പരാജയപ്പെട്ടെങ്കിലും ഖലീഫ നേരിട്ടുവന്നാൽ മാത്രമേ ബൈതുൽ മഖ്ദിസ് വിട്ടുതരികയുള്ളൂ എന്ന് ശഠിച്ചു. ക്രിസ്ത്യാനികൾ മുന്നോട്ടുവെച്ച നിർദ്ദേശം രക്തച്ചൊരിച്ചിൽ ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ വേണ്ടി മുസ്‌ലിംകൾ അംഗീകരിച്ചു. ഖലീഫ മദീനയിൽ നിന്ന് യാത്രചെയ്ത് ബൈതുൽമഖ്ദിസിലെത്തി. സാധാരണക്കാരന്റെ വേഷത്തിലെത്തിയ ഖലീഫ മോടിയുള്ള വസ്ത്രം ധരിക്കണമെന്ന് മുസ്‌ലിംകളിൽ ചിലർ താൽപര്യപ്പെട്ടു. പക്ഷേ, ഉമറിന്റെ മറുപടി ഇപ്രകാരമായിരുന്നു: 'വസ്ത്രത്തിലല്ല, ഇസ്‌ലാമിലാണ് നമ്മുടെ പ്രതാപം.' ഖലീഫ ബൈതുൽമഖ്ദിസിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111095033/http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[പാത്രിയാർക്കീസ്]] സ്വഫർനിയൂസും മറ്റ് ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ നേതാക്കളുമായി സംസാരിച്ചു. ഖുദ്സ് നിവാസികൾക്ക് സ്വന്തം കൈപ്പടയിൽ തന്നെ അദ്ദേഹം സംരക്ഷണപത്രം എഴുതിക്കൊടുത്തു. അങ്ങനെ സിറിയയും ഫലസ്തീനും സമീപ പ്രദേശങ്ങളും ഇസ്‌ലാമിന് അധീനമായി. എ.ഡി.638-ലായിരുന്നു ഇത്.<ref>റോമായുഗം-പ്രൊ. പി.എസ്.വേലായുധൻ, പ്രസാ:എൻ.ബി.എസ്. കോട്ടയം.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aqsakey.com/latest/aqsakey |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105044200/http://aqsakey.com/latest/aqsakey |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.danielpipes.org/84/the-muslim-claim-to-jerusalem</ref> === ഈജിപ്ത് === ഫലസ്തീൻ വിജയത്തിനുശേഷം [[അംറുബ്നുൽ ആസ്]] സൈന്യത്തെ ഈജിപ്തിലേക്കു നയിച്ചു. അംറുബ്നുൽ ആസ് ഈജിപ്തിന്റെ കവാടം എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഫർമാപട്ടണം കീഴടക്കി. തുടർന്ന് നിരന്തരയുദ്ധം നടന്നു. മൂന്ന് വർഷം കൊണ്ട് ഈജിപ്ത് പൂർണമായും ഇസ്‌ലാമികഭരണത്തിനു കീഴിലായി. നൈൽ നദീതീരത്ത് ഫുസ്ത്വാത് എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു പുതിയ നഗരവും മുസ്‌ലിംകൾ പടുത്തുയർത്തി.<ref>http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/57.htm</ref> === പേർഷ്യ === {{പ്രലേ|സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം}}[[പ്രമാണം:BethlehemOmarMosque.jpg|thumb|right|ബെത്ലഹേമിലെ ഉമറിന്റെ പള്ളി]] ഇന്നത്തെ ഇറാനും ഇറാഖും ഉൾപ്പെട്ടതായിരുന്നു അന്ന് പേർഷ്യ എന്ന പേരിൽ അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്.<ref>http://www.parstimes.com/library/brief_history_of_persian_empire.html</ref> പേർഷ്യയും അറേബ്യൻ ഉപദ്വീപിന്റെ ചില ഭാഗങ്ങളും അന്ന് [[സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|സസാനിയൻ പേർഷ്യൻ സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ]] ആധിപത്യത്തിലായിരുന്നു. ചരിത്രപ്രസിദ്ധമായ [[ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധം|ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധത്തോടുകൂടിയാണ്]] പേർഷ്യൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം അറബികളുടെ അധീനതയിലായത് . ഇറാഖിൽ ടൈഗ്രീസ് നദിക്കക്കരെ ഖാദിസിയ്യ എന്ന സമതല പ്രദേശത്തുവെച്ച് ഹിജ്റ 15 നും 16 നും (ക്രിസ്തുവർഷം 636<ref name=afghans11>{{cite book |last=Vogelsang|first= Willem|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Afghans|year=2002 |publisher=Willey-Blackwell, John Willey & SOns, Ltd, UK.|location=LONDON|isbn=978-1-4051-8243-0|chapter= 11-The advent of Islam|pages=176-177|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA176#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>) ഇടയ്ക്ക് നടന്ന യുദ്ധത്തിൽ സഅ്ദ് ബ്നു അബീവഖാസ് ആയിരുന്നു മുസ്ലിം സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ അധിപൻ . പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ നേതൃത്വം പ്രസിദ്ധയോദ്ധാവായ [[റുസ്തം ഫറൂഖ്സാദ്|റുസ്തം ഫറൂഖ്സാദിനായിരുന്നു]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/spahbod_rustam_farrukh_hormazd2.php |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-12-08 |archive-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217100717/http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/spahbod_rustam_farrukh_hormazd2.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. മുസ്ലിംകളുടെ ഭാഗത്ത് മുപ്പതിനായിരത്തോളം സൈനികർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അതിന്റെ ഇരട്ടിയിലധികമായിരുന്നു പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യം. ഖാദിസിയ്യാ യുദ്ധവിജയത്തെ തുടർന്ന് പേർഷ്യൻ തലസ്ഥാനമായ മദാഇൻ ഇസ്ലാമിന് കീഴടങ്ങി. <ref>http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/right.htm </ref>. <ref>http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/right.htm</ref> പേർഷ്യൻ ചക്രവർത്തി യസ്ദർജിർദ് മൂന്നാമൻ ഇസ്ലാമിക രാഷ്ട്രത്തിനെതിരായി ഒരു യുദ്ധത്തിന് ശ്രമം നടത്തി. ഇറാഖിന്റെയും ഇറാന്റെയും അതിർത്തിയിലുള്ള നഹാവന്ത് എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തുവെച്ച് നുഅ്മാനുബ്നു മുഖ്‌രിൻറെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ മുസ്ലിം സൈന്യം പേർഷ്യൻ സൈന്യത്തെ നിശ്ശേഷം പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി. ''ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുതൂഹ്'' (വിജയങ്ങളുടെ വിജയം) എന്ന പേരിൽ ഈ യുദ്ധം പ്രസിദ്ധമായി. യുദ്ധം വിജയിച്ചെങ്കിലും സേനാ നായകനായ നുഅ്മാനുബ്നു മുഖ്‌രിൻ ഈ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ മരണമടഞ്ഞു. തുടർന്ന് ഇറാന്റെ എല്ലാ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലേക്കും മുസ്ലിംകൾ മുന്നേറി. ഖുറാസാൻ മുസ്ലീങ്ങളുടെ സേനക്ക് കീഴിലായി. യസ്ദർജിർദ് മൂന്നാമൻ നാടുവിട്ടു.<ref>http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KUM/18/8</ref> == ഭരണ പരിഷ്കാരങ്ങൾ == # രാജ്യത്തെ പല പ്രവിശ്യകളായി തിരിച്ചു. [[മക്ക]], [[മദീന]], ജസീറ, ബസ്വറ, കൂഫ, [[ഈജിപ്ത്]], ഫലസ്തീൻ തുടങ്ങിയവയൊക്കെ പ്രവിശ്യകളായിരുന്നു. # പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ മേൽനോട്ടത്തിന് ഗവർണർമാരെയും ന്യായാധിപന്മാരെയും നിയമിച്ചു. സൈനിക നേതൃത്വവും മതനേതൃത്വവും ഗവർണറിൽ നിക്ഷിപ്തമായിരുന്നു. # കോടതികളെ ഭരണകൂടത്തിൽ നിന്നും സ്വതന്ത്രമാക്കി. # പ്രവിശ്യകളെ ജില്ലകളായി തിരിച്ചു. പ്രവിശ്യാഗവർണർ ''വലിയ്യ്, അമീർ'' എന്നീ പേരുകളിൽ അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ഭരണമേധാവി ആമിൽ എന്നാണ് അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. # പട്ടാളക്കാരുടെ നിയമം, ശമ്പളത്തുക, പെൻഷൻ തുടങ്ങിയവ കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യുന്നതിന് ഒരു പട്ടാളവകുപ്പിന് രൂപം നൽകി. # കേന്ദ്രത്തിലും പ്രവിശ്യകളിലും പൊതുഖജനാവ് സമ്പ്രദായം (ധനകാര്യവകുപ്പ്) സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. # [[സകാത്ത്|സകാതിനത്തിലും]] മറ്റും ശേഖരിക്കുന്ന ധനം ജനങ്ങളുടെ ആവശ്യത്തിന് വിനിയോഗിച്ചു. # കുറ്റവാളികളെ പിടികൂടുക, ജനങ്ങളുടെ പരാതികൾ അന്വേഷിച്ചറിയുക, യാത്രാസംഘങ്ങൾക്കു സംരക്ഷണം നൽകുക തുടങ്ങിയ കാര്യങ്ങൾക്ക് മേൽനോട്ടം നൽകുന്നതിനായി പോലീസ് വകുപ്പ് ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി.ജയിലുകൾ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു # നാണ്യ വ്യവസ്ഥ പരിഷ്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിലുണ്ടായിരുന്ന പേർഷ്യൻ നാണയങ്ങൾക്ക് പകരം ഇസ്ലാമിക നാണയങ്ങൾ പ്രാബല്യത്തിൽ വരുത്തി. # [[അടിമവ്യവസ്ത|അടിമത്തം]] ഇല്ലാതാക്കാൻ തീവ്രശ്രമം നടത്തി. [[മുഹമ്മദ്|നബിയുടെ]] വചനങ്ങളും മാതൃകകളും പ്രയോഗവത്കരിച്ചു # രാജ്യത്ത് വ്യവസ്ഥാപിതമായി തപാൽ സമ്പ്രദായം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. # [[നികുതി]] നിർണയിക്കാനായി കൃഷിഭൂമിയുടെ കണക്കെടുത്തു. # അളവിലും തൂക്കത്തിലും കൃത്രിമത്വം തടയാനും അങ്ങാടിനിലവാരം പരിശോധിക്കാനും സംവിധാനങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കി. # പ്രവിശ്യകളിലെ ജനങ്ങളുടെ കണക്കെടുത്തു.(സെൻസസ്‌) # ഇമാം, മുഅദ്ദിൻ എന്നിവർക്ക് ശമ്പളം നിശ്ചയിച്ചു. # വിദ്യാലയങ്ങൾ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. അധ്യാപകർക്ക് പൊതുഖജനാവിൽനിന്ന് ശമ്പളം നൽകി. # രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ റോഡുകൾ നിർമിച്ച് ഗതാഗത സൌകര്യങ്ങൾ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തി. # [[ബസറ]], [[കൂഫ]], ഫുസ്ത്വാത് തുടങ്ങിയ നഗരങ്ങൾ പണിതുയർത്തി. # [[ഹിജ്റ വർഷം|ഹിജ്റ]] അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി ഒരു പുതിയ [[കലണ്ടർ]] നടപ്പിൽ വരുത്തി. ഹിജ്റ പതിനാറാം വർഷമാണ് ഈ കലണ്ടർ ആരംഭിച്ചത്. # കൃഷിയും ജലസേചന സൌകര്യങ്ങളും മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തി. നിരവധി [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകൾ]] നിർമിച്ചു. പൊതുകിണറുകളും അതിഥി മന്ദിരങ്ങളും നാടിന്റെ നാനാഭാഗങ്ങളിലും നിർമിച്ചു. # ജനങ്ങൾക്ക് [[പെൻഷൻ]]സമ്പ്രദായം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. # ഖലീഫക്ക് അമീറുൽ മുഅ്മിനീൻ എന്ന സ്ഥാനപ്പേര് ഉപയോഗിച്ചു. തുടർന്നു വന്ന ഖലീഫമാരും ഈ പേര് നിലനിർത്തി. # [[മക്ക|മക്കയിലെ]] [[മസ്ജിദുൽ ഹറാം|മസ്ജിദുൽ ഹറാമും]] [[മദീന|മദീനയിലെ]] [[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി|മസ്ജിദുന്നബവിയും]] വിശാലമാക്കി.<ref>Encyclopaedia britanica volume 17 ,Publisher :William Benton ,London</ref>.<ref>പാദമുദ്രകൾ-പ്രസാ: പ്രതിഭാ ബുക്സ് -കോഴിക്കോട്.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/04/26/fea16.asp |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824035157/http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/04/26/fea16.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> == മരണം == ഒരു ദിവസം ഉമർ [[മസ്ജിദുന്നബവി|മസ്ജിദുന്നബവിയിൽ]] പ്രഭാത പ്രാർത്ഥനക്ക് നേതൃത്വം നൽകുമ്പോൾ, മുൻനിരയിൽ നിലയുറപ്പിച്ച പേർഷ്യക്കാരനായ ഫൈറൂസ് അബൂ ലുഅ് ലുഅത്ത് മജൂസി, ഉമറിനെ പെട്ടെന്ന് കഠാരകൊണ്ട് കുത്തി. പേർഷ്യൻ പടനായകനായിരുന്ന ഹുർമുസാനും ഹീറയിലെ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ നേതാവായ ജുഫൈനയും ജൂതപുരോഹിതനായ കഅ്ബുൽ അഹ്ബാറും ചേർന്നു നടത്തിയ ഗൂഢാലോചനയുടെ ഫലമായിരുന്നു കൊലയാളിയായ ഫൈറൂസിനെ ഈ കൊലപാതകത്തിന് പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ചതെന്ന് ചരിത്രകാരന്മാർ അഭിപ്രായപ്പെടുന്നു. പ്രവാചകൻ [[മുഹമ്മദ്|മുഹമ്മദിന്റേയും]] ഒന്നാം ഖലീഫ [[അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖ്|അബൂബക്കർ സിദ്ദീഖിന്റേയും]] [[ഖബ്ർ|ഖബ്റുകൾക്ക്]] സമീപം [[മദീന|മദീനയിൽ]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൃതദേഹം മറവ് ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ilmfruits.com/the-assassination-of-umar-ibn-al-khattab |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004184138/http://www.ilmfruits.com/the-assassination-of-umar-ibn-al-khattab/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/19_umar_bin_al_khattab.htm#Shadows%20Of%20Death |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2011-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118115445/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/19_umar_bin_al_khattab.htm#Shadows%20Of%20Death |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ഖലീഫ ഉമറിനെ കുറിച്ച് == <poem> {{Cquote|ഈന്ത മരങ്ങൾ ഇടതിങ്ങിയ ശീതള ശാദ്വലങ്ങളിൽ സുഖിക്കും; ഹേ; മക്കാ ദേശമേ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് നീയൊരു ഉമർ ഫാറൂഖിനെ ഉയർത്തുന്നില്ല വീണ്ടും |||അല്ലാമാഇഖ്ബാൽ (ജവീദ്നാമ)}} </poem> == ഖലീഫ ഉമറിന്റെ മൊഴികൾ == {{Wikiquote|ഖലീഫാ ഉമർ}} * യൂഫ്രട്ടീസിന്റെ തീരത്ത്‌ ഒരു ആട്ടിൻകുട്ടി വിശന്നു ചത്താൽ പോലും ഞാനതിന്റെ പേരിൽ പരലോകത്ത്‌ ഉത്തരം പറയേണ്ടി വരും. * നേതാവല്ലാത്തപ്പോൾ ജനങ്ങളുടെ നേതാവിനെപ്പോലെയും നേതാവായാൽ അനുയായിയെപ്പോലെയും പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നവരെയാണ്‌ നമുക്കാവശ്യം. * ഇസ്‌ലാമിന്റെ നിയമം എല്ലാവർക്കും തുല്യമാണ്‌. ആർക്കെങ്കിലും വേണ്ടി ഉമർ അത്‌ മാറ്റുകയില്ല. * ജനങ്ങൾ അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന പ്രയാസങ്ങൾ ഞാനും അനുഭവിക്കാതെ എനിക്കെങ്ങനെ അവരുടെ സ്ഥിതി മനസ്സിലാകും? * താങ്കളൊരു നേതാവാണെങ്കിൽ പക്ഷഭേദം കാണിക്കുമെന്ന്‌ താങ്കളെക്കുറിച്ച്‌ പ്രമാണികൾ വിചാരിക്കാതിരിക്കട്ടെ. താങ്കളുടെ നീതിനിഷ്‌ഠയെക്കുറിച്ച്‌ ഒരു ദുർബലനും നിരാശനാവാതിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യട്ടെ. * ഒരാളുടെ അഭിപ്രായം ഒറ്റയിഴ മാത്രമുള്ള നൂലാണ്‌. രണ്ടാളുകളുടേത്‌ പിരിച്ച നൂലാണ്‌. രണ്ടിൽ കൂടുതൽ പേരുടേത്‌ പൊട്ടാത്ത കയറാണ്‌. * പണം അധികം സമ്പാദിക്കരുത്‌. ഇന്നത്തെ ജോലി നാളേക്ക്‌ നീട്ടരുത്‌. * ദൈവ ഭക്തിയാണ്‌ ശത്രുവിനെ തോല്‌പിക്കാനുള്ള ഏറ്റവും നല്ല ആയുധം. കൂടെയുള്ളവരുടെ പാപങ്ങളാണ്‌ ശത്രുവിന്റെ ആയുധത്തേക്കാൾ പേടിക്കേണ്ടത്‌. * നമ്മുടെ ആരുടെയെങ്കിലും അടുക്കൽ പണമുള്ള കാലത്തോളം പണമില്ലാത്തവരുടെ ആവശ്യം പൂർത്തീകരിക്കാതെ കിടക്കരുത്‌. == ഉമർ ശിയാ മുസ്‌ലിംകളിൽ == ഉമർ [[ഷിയാ ഇസ്‌ലാം|ഷിയാ]] ക്കളുടെ വീക്ഷണത്തിൽ ഒരു അവിശ്വാസി ആണ്. [[ഷിയാ ഇസ്‌ലാം|ഷിയാ]] ക്കൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മരണം ആഘോഷിക്കുകയും പെരുന്നാൾ കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തെ വധിച്ച അബൂ ലുഅ്‌ലുഅ് മജുസിയെ ഒരു മുസ്‌ലിമായിട്ടാണ് അവർ ചിത്രീകരിച്ചത് അയാളെ ബാബാ ശുജാഉദ്ദീൻ എന്നാണ് അവർ വിളിക്കുന്നത് ഉമറിനെ ശപിക്കാനുള്ള കാരണം [[ഉമർ ഫാത്തിമയുടെ വീട്ടിൽ]] എന്ന വിവാദ സംഭവത്തെ ആസ്പദമാക്കിയാണ്. ഫാത്തിമയുടെ മരണത്തിന് കാരണം ഉമർ ആണന്നാണ് ശിയാ മുസ്‌ലികൾ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നത്‌. ഈ കാരണം കൊണ്ട് ഉമറിനെ അവർ ശപിക്കുന്നു == ഇതും കാണുക == * [[ഉമർ (ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പര)]] == അവലംബം == {{reflist|2}} {{സ്വഹാബികൾ}} {{റാശിദുൺ ഖലീഫമാർ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആദ്യകാല മുസ്ലിം ഭരണാധികാരികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്വഹാബികൾ]] eize8oll9f7l8rtemrmyadc8dg82nyp 0 35589 4644324 3775652 2026-07-08T07:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Blackbuck}} {{Taxobox | image = Black Buck.jpg | image_caption = A blackbuck in central India | status = nt | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN |assessors=Mallon, D.P. | year=2008 |id=1681 |taxon=Antilope cervicapra |version=2011.2}}</ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Artiodactyla]] | familia = [[Bovidae]] | genus = ''[[Antilope]]'' | species = '''''A. cervicapra''''' | binomial = ''Antilope cervicapra'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] | subdivision = ''Antilope cervicapra centralis''<br />''Antilope cervicapra cervicapra''<br />''Antilope cervicapra rajputanae''<br />''Antilope cervicapra rupicapra'' }} ആന്റിലോപ് ജനുസ്സിൽ [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയിൽ]] കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ഏക ജീവിവർഗ്ഗമാണ്''' കൃഷ്ണമൃഗം''' അഥവാ '''കരിമാൻ''' {{ശാനാ|Antilope cervicapra}}. ''കൃഷ്ണജിൻ‌ക, കാലാഹിരൺ'' എന്നൊക്കെയും വിളിക്കപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. [[പാകിസ്താൻ]], [[ബംഗ്ലാദേശ്]] തുടങ്ങിയ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിലും ഇന്നിവ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ മാത്രമേ അവശേഷിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. വൻ‌തോതിൽ വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന<ref>http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/1681/all</ref> കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങൾ [[ആന്ധ്രാപ്രദേശ്|ആന്ധ്രാപ്രദേശിന്റെ]] സംസ്ഥാനമൃഗവുമാണ്. [[രാജസ്ഥാൻ|രാജസ്ഥാനിലും]] [[ഗുജറാത്ത്|ഗുജറാത്തിലും]] ആണ്‌ ഇവ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ഉള്ളത്. == പ്രത്യേകതകൾ == === ശരീരഘടന === [[പ്രമാണം:Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)- Male & female in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7268.jpg|left|thumb|Male & female in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]] ശരീരത്തിന്റെ മുകൾ‌ഭാഗത്തിനു കറുപ്പും കീഴ്ഭാഗത്തിനു വെള്ളനിറവും പിരിഞ്ഞ കൊമ്പുകളും ആൺമൃഗങ്ങളിൽ കണ്ടുവരുന്നു. ആൺ മൃഗങ്ങൾക്ക് സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിൽ അറ്റത്തേയ്ക്കു നേർത്തു നേർത്തു പോകുന്ന ഒന്നു മുതൽ നാലുവരെ തിരികളും ഏകദേശം 28ഇഞ്ച് നീളവും ഉള്ള കൊമ്പുകൾ ഉണ്ടാകും. പെൺ‌മൃഗങ്ങൾക്ക് മുകൾഭാഗത്ത് മഞ്ഞനിറമാണുണ്ടാവുക. ആൺ‌മൃഗങ്ങളേക്കാൾ അല്പം ചെറുതായ ഇവയ്ക്ക് കൊമ്പുകളുണ്ടാവില്ല. പൂർണ്ണവളർച്ചയെത്തിയ മൃഗത്തിനു ഏതാണ്ട് 120സെ.മീ.നീളവും 31-45 കി.ഗ്രാം ഭാരവും കൊമ്പുകൾക്ക് 60സെ.മീ നീളവും കാണാം. 12-16 വർഷം വരെയാണ്‌ ആയുസ്സ്. === ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ === തുറന്ന പുൽമേടുകളിലാണ് കാടുകളിൽ കാണുന്നതിലധികം കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളെ കാണുക. പുല്ലുതന്നെയാണ് പ്രധാന ഭക്ഷണമെങ്കിലും താഴെവീണുകിടക്കുന്ന കായ്കനികളും, ചെടിനാമ്പുകളും, പൂവുകളും ഭക്ഷിക്കാറുണ്ട്. ഒരു മുതിർന്ന ആണിന്റെ കീഴിലുള്ള 10 മുതൽ 30 വരെയുള്ള കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി ഇവയെ കണ്ടുവരുന്നു. നല്ല കാഴ്ചശക്തിയും ശ്രവണശക്തിയും ഓടാനുള്ള കഴിവുമാണ് ഇരപിടിയരിൽ നിന്നു രക്ഷപെടാൻ പ്രകൃതി ഇവയ്ക്കു നൽകിയിട്ടുള്ള സഹായം. പുല്ല്, ചെറിയ ചെടികൾ എന്നിവ ഭക്ഷിയ്ക്കുന്ന ഇവയുടെ ആവാസസ്ഥാനം സമതലങ്ങളിലാണ് . നാലു മീറ്റർ ഉയരത്തിൽ ചാടാനും ഏകദേശം മണിക്കൂറിൽ 90 കി.മീ വരെ ഓടാനും ഇവയ്ക്ക് കഴിവുണ്ട്. == വംശനാശഭീഷണി == ഇന്ത്യയ്ക്കു സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം ലഭിക്കുമ്പോൾ 40 ലക്ഷം കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങൾ ഇവിടുണ്ടായിരുന്നെന്നാണ് ഏകദേശ കണക്ക്. വംശനാശം വന്ന [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ചീറ്റ|ഇന്ത്യൻ ചീറ്റയുടെ]] പ്രധാന ഇരയായിരുന്നു കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങൾ. ഇന്ന് വന്യജീവീസങ്കേതങ്ങളിലായി 40,000 -ൽ താഴെ കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളേ അവശേഷിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളു. മനുഷ്യൻ നടത്തുന്ന വേട്ടയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ|ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ]] നാശവുമാണ് വംശനാശത്തിന്റെ കാരണം. ഇന്ന് [[രാജസ്ഥാൻ]], [[പഞ്ചാബ്]], [[മധ്യപ്രദേശ്]], [[മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര]], [[ഗുജറാത്ത്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും മധ്യേന്ത്യയിൽ അവിടവിടെയായി ചില ചെറുസംഘങ്ങളായും, തെക്കേ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ - കർണാടകയിലെ തുംകൂർ ജില്ലയിലെ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayamangali_Blackbuck_Reserve ജയമങ്കലി] ബ്ലാക്ബക് റിസേർവിലും മാത്രമാണ് കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങൾ അവശേഷിക്കുന്നത്. [[നേപാൾ|നേപാളിലും]] വളരെ കുറച്ച് കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളുണ്ട്. മാംസത്തിനും തോലിനും കൊമ്പിനും വിനോദത്തിനുമായുള്ള വേട്ടയാടലും, ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ കാർഷിക-വ്യവസായ പുരോഗതി ലക്ഷ്യം വച്ചുള്ള വികസന പദ്ധതികളുമാണ്‌ കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളെ വംശനാശത്തിന്റെ വക്കിലെത്തിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. 1900 -നു മുമ്പൊക്കെ രാജാക്കന്മാർ അവർ ഇണക്കിവളർത്തിയ [[ചീറ്റപ്പുലി|ചീറ്റകളെ]] ഉപയോഗിച്ചു ഇവയെ വേട്ടയാടിയിരുന്നു. [[രാജസ്ഥാൻ|രാജസ്ഥാനിലെ]] [[ബിഷ്ണോയി ഗോത്രം|ബിഷ്ണോയി ഗോത്രക്കാർ]] കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളെ ആരാധനാ ഭാവത്തിൽ കണ്ട് സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്<ref> {{cite news |title = Rajasthan's Bishnois incensed over black buck poaching|url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/aug/06buck.htm |publisher =റെഡിഫ്.കോ|date = ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 6, 2001 |accessdate = ജൂലൈ 11, 2008 |language =ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.junglelifeonline.com/AdditionalFeatures_Bishnois.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2008-07-11 |archive-date=2008-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616224401/http://www.junglelifeonline.com/AdditionalFeatures_Bishnois.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/traditions/bishnoi.html |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2008-07-11 |archive-date=2008-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920032747/http://www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/traditions/bishnoi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. മറ്റെല്ലാ‍യിടത്തും വേട്ടയാടപ്പെടുന്നു. [[ബോളിവുഡ്|ഹിന്ദിസിനിമാ]] നടൻ [[സൽമാൻ ഖാൻ|സൽമാൻ ഖാന്]] കൃഷ്ണമൃഗങ്ങളേയും വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിട്ടുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന മറ്റൊരു മാൻ‌വർഗ്ഗമായ [[ചിങ്കാര|ചിങ്കാരയേയും]] വേട്ടയാടി കൊന്നതിന്റെ പേരിൽ അഞ്ച് വർഷം തടവുശിക്ഷ ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്<ref>{{cite news |title = Five-year jail term for Salman Khan |url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2006/04/11/stories/2006041122080100.htm |publisher = The Hindu |date = Apr 11, 2006 |accessdate = 2008- ജൂലൈ 11 |language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് |archive-date = 2008-05-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080506183258/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2006/04/11/stories/2006041122080100.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref>. [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയിൽ]] [[1972-ലെ വന്യജീവി സംരക്ഷണനിയമം|1972-ലെ വന്യജീവി സംരക്ഷണനിയമപ്രകാരം]] സംരക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള മൃഗമാണ് കൃഷ്ണമൃഗം<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife2s1.html |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2008-11-03 |archive-date=2010-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911112324/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife2s1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. വനങ്ങളിലേയ്ക്കു മേയാൻ വിടുന്ന കന്നുകാലികളിൽ നിന്നും ലഭിക്കുന്ന സാംക്രമിക രോഗങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ടും, വിനോദസഞ്ചാരികളും മറ്റും ഉപേക്ഷിച്ചു പോകുന്ന ദഹിക്കാത്ത വസ്തുക്കൾ ഭക്ഷിക്കുന്നതുകൊണ്ടും നിസ്സാരമല്ലാത്തത്രയെണ്ണം മരിച്ചുപോകുന്നുവെന്നു കരുതുന്നു. == അവലംബം == <references/> {{Animal-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:മാനുകൾ]] n9g0frrdxc7n5dvsa8qw0xpheyswal5 0 36905 4644303 2939868 2026-07-08T04:42:04Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Rhenium}} {{Elementbox_header | number=75 | symbol=Re | name=റിനിയം | left=[[ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ]] | right=[[ഓസ്മിയം]] | above=[[ടെക്നീഷ്യം|Tc]] | below=[[ബോറിയം|Bh]] | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[transition metal]]s }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=7 | period=6 | block=d }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Re,75| grayish white }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|186.207]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(1)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s² }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 21.02 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 18.9 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=3459 | c=3186 | f=5767 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=5869 | c=5596 | f=10105 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 60.43 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 704 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 25.48 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 3303 | 3614 | 4009 | 4500 | 5127 | 5954 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | hexagonal }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | '''7''', '''6''', 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3<br />(mildly [[acid]]ic oxide) }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 1.9 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies4 | 760 | 1260 | 2510 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|135]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|188]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|159]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | ? }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat20 | 193 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 48.0 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 6.2 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsat20 | 4700 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 463 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 178 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 370 }} {{Elementbox_poissonratio | 0.30 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 7.0 }} {{Elementbox_vickershardness_mpa | 2450 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 1320 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-15-5 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=185 | sym=Re | na=37.4% | n=110 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=187 | sym=Re | na=62.6% | hl=4.35×10¹⁰ y | dm1=[[alpha decay|α]] (not observed) | de1=1.653 | pn1=183 | ps1=[[tantalum|Ta]] | dm2=[[beta decay|β^-]] | de2=0.0026 | pn2=187 | ps2=[[osmium|Os]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#ffc0c0 | color2=black }} അണുസംഖ്യ 75-ഉം പ്രതീകം Reയുമായ ഒരു മൂലകമാണ് '''റിനിയം'''. [[മാംഗനീസ്|മാംഗനീസുമായി]] സാമ്യമുള്ളതിനാൽ, ചില ലോഹ സങ്കരങ്ങളിൽ ഇതുപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. റിനിയം [[മൊളിബ്ഡിനം|മോളിബ്ഡനം]] ലോഹ സങ്കരം അതിചാലകമാണ്. പ്രകൃതിദത്തമെങ്കിലും, ലോകത്തിലേ പത്ത് ഏറ്റവും വിലയേറിയ മൂലകങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണ് റിനിയം(US$ 7500.-/kg). ¹⁸⁵Re, ¹⁸⁷Re എന്നീ [[ഐസോടോപ്പ് | ഐസോടോപ്പുകൾ]] പ്രകൃതിയിൽകണ്ടുവരുന്നു. സ്ഥിരതയുള്ള ഐസോടോപ്പിനേക്കാൾ (¹⁸⁵Re - 37.4%) കൂടിയ അളവിൽഅസ്ഥിര ഐസോടോപ്പ് അടങ്ങിയിരിക്കുന്ന (¹⁸⁷Re - 62.6%) മൂന്നു മൂലകങ്ങളിലൊന്നാണ് റീനിയം; മറ്റുള്ളവ [[ഇൻഡിയം]], [[ടെലൂറിയം]] എന്നിവയാണ്. == പ്രധാന സ്വഭാവസവിശേഷതകൾ == [[കാർബൺ|കാർബണിനും]], [[ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ|ടങ്സ്റ്റണിനും]] ശേഷം ഏറ്റവും ഉയർന്ന [[ദ്രവണാങ്കം]] റീനിയത്തിനാ‍ണ്. എന്നാൽ ഏറ്റവും ഉയർന്ന [[ക്വഥനാങ്കം]] റീനിയത്തിനാണ്. ഒപ്പം തന്നെ ഏറ്റവും [[സാന്ദ്രത | സാന്ദ്രതയേറിയ]] [[മൂലകങ്ങൾ|മൂലകങ്ങളുടെ]] പട്ടികയിൽ [[ഓസ്മിയം]], [[ഇറിഡിയം]], [[പ്ലാറ്റിനം]] എന്നിവക്കുശേഷം നാ‍ലാം സ്ഥാനത്തുമാണ്. ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ [[ഓക്സീകരണാ‍സ്ഥ]]യുള്ള മൂലകങ്ങളിലൊന്നാണ് റീനിയം. -3, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 , +7. എന്നാൽ ഇവയിൽ +7, +6, +4, +2 എന്നീ അവസ്ഥകളിലാണ് ഈ മൂലകം സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ലോഹ റിനിയം 2.4 K താപനിലയിൽ അതിചാലകമാവുന്നു. == ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ == * കറുത്തീയ രഹിതവും, ഉയർന്ന [[ഒക്റ്റേൻ സംഖ്യ]]യുമുള്ള ഗാസോലിൻ ഉണ്ടാക്കുവാനുപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. * ജെറ്റ് എഞ്ചിൻ ഉണ്ടാ‍ക്കുവാനുപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഉയർന്ന ദ്രവണാങ്കമുള്ള ലോഹസങ്കരങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കുവാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. {{ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക}} {{chemistrystub|Rhenium}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:മൂലകങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സംക്രമണ ലോഹങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉൽകൃഷ്ടലോഹങ്ങൾ]] 23t4w77uo28069029oo9oimfzjr1xnj 0 43704 4644223 4631192 2026-07-07T14:57:55Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|EBay}} {{Infobox_Company | <!-- infobox source: http://www.hoovers.com/ebay/--ID__56307--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml --> | company_name = ഈബേ ഇങ്ക്. | company_logo = [[ചിത്രം:EBay logo.svg|210px|eBay corporate logo]] | company_type = [[Public company|Public]] ({{NASDAQ|EBAY}}) | company_slogan = '''''What ever it is, you can get it on eBay.''''', and '''''Shop victoriously!''''' | foundation = [[San Jose, California]], [[United States|USA]] ([[September 3]], [[1995]]) | location_city = San Jose, California | location_country = United States | key_people = [[John Donahoe]], CEO<br /> [[Rajiv Dutta]], President of eBay Marketplaces<br /> [[Meg Whitman]], former CEO and board member<br /> [[പിയറി ഒമിഡ്യാർ]], സ്ഥാപകn, ചെയർമാൻ<br /> | num_employees = 15,500 (Q1 2008) | industry = [[Auction]]s | revenue = {{profit}}$7.67 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2007) | products = [[online auction business model|Online auction hosting]], [[Electronic commerce]], [[Shopping mall]]<br />[[PayPal]], [[Skype]], [[Gumtree]], [[Kijiji]] | url = [http://www.ebay.com/ www.ebay.com]<br />[[#International|List of domain names]] | screenshot = [[ചിത്രം:EBay.png|220px]] | caption = The [[eBay]] homepage. | website_type = [[online auction business model|online auction]] | language = [[#International|Multilingual]] | registration = required to buy and sell | launch_date = [[September 3]], [[1995]] }} [[ചിത്രം:Ebayheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|260px|eBay headquarters in San Jose]] [[ചിത്രം:Ebaynorthsanjose.jpg|thumb|right|260px|eBay North First Street satellite office campus (home to [[PayPal]])]] [[ചിത്രം:EBay localization.png|thumb|right|260px|Countries for which eBay is localized.]] '''ഈബേ ഇൻകോർപ്പറേഷൻ''' ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ ഇന്റെർനെറ്റ് കമ്പനിയാണ്. ഈബേ.കോം എന്ന ഒരു ഓൺലൈൻ ലേല വെബ് സൈറ്റാണിവർ കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യുന്നത്‍. ഇതിലൂടെ പൊതുജനങ്ങൾക്കും വ്യാപാരികൾക്കും സാധനങ്ങളും സേവങ്ങളും വിൽക്കാനും വാങ്ങാനും കഴിയും. ഇത് ആദ്യം ഒരു യു. എസ് വെബ് സൈറ്റ് ആയിരുന്നു, മറ്റ് മുപ്പതോളം രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ പ്രാദേശിക വെബ്‌സൈറ്റ് ആയിട്ട് ഈ ബേ സ്ഥപിതമായിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[പേയ്‌പാൽ]], [[സ്കൈപ്പ്]] (ഇപ്പോൾ മൈക്രോസോഫ്റ്റിന്റെ ഉടമസ്ഥതയിൽ . ), [[സ്റ്റബ് ഹബ്]] തുടങ്ങിയവ ഈബേയുടെ മറ്റു സംരംഭങ്ങളാണ്.[[പിയറി ഒമിഡ്യാർ]] ആണ് ഇതിന്റെ സ്ഥാപകൻ. == ചരിത്രം == ==അന്തർദേശീയം== മുപ്പതോളം രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ പ്രാദേശിക വെബ്‌സൈറ്റ് ആയിട്ട് ഈ ബേ സ്ഥപിതമായിട്ടുണ്ട്. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Country/region ! വെബ്‌സൈറ്റ് ! ഭാഷ ! Launch date |- | {{flag|Australia}} | http://www.ebay.com.au/ | [[English language|English]] | 1999</br>October<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pics.ebaystatic.com/aw/pics/au/new/eBayFactSheetApr06.pdf |title=eBay Fact Sheet |date=2006-03-31 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format=PDF |work=eBay |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313083715/http://pics.ebaystatic.com/aw/pics/au/new/ebayfactsheetapr06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Austria}} | http://www.ebay.at/ | [[German ഭാഷ|German]] | {{dts|link=off|2000|December|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=29434 |title=eBay Launches Service for Austria |date=2000-12-18 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174059/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=29434 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Belgium}} | http://www.ebay.be/ | [[Dutch language|ഡച്ച്]], [[French language|French]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|Canada}} | http://www.ebay.ca/ | [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] | {{dts|link=off|2000|April|}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.ebay.ca/aboutebay/thecompany/2004-04.html |title=Gary Briggs Appointed Vice President and Country Manager of eBay Canada |date=2004-04-28 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |work=eBay Canada |publisher=eBay Inc.}}</ref> |- | {{flag|China}} (now defunct) | http://www.ebay.com.cn (site now redirects to eachnet.com) | [[Simplified Chinese]] | {{dts|link=off|2003|July|11}} |- | {{flag|France}} | http://www.ebay.fr/ | [[French language|French]] | {{dts|link=off|2000|October|5}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=26950 |title=WORLD'S LARGEST ONLINE TRADING COMMUNITY LAUNCHES NEW WEB SITE IN FRANCE |access-date=2008-11-17 |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204150959/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=26950 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.01net.com/article/123419.html eBay France, lancement officiel du site d'enchères] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081631/http://www.01net.com/article/123419.html |date=2012-01-17 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Germany}} | http://www.ebay.de/ | [[German language|German]] | {{dts|link=off|1999|June|}} |- | {{flag|Hong Kong}} | http://www.ebay.com.hk/ | [[English language|English]], [[Traditional Chinese]] | {{dts|link=off|2003|December|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=124995 |title=eBay Launches Service For Hong Kong |date=2003-12-21 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172850/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=124995 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|India}} | http://www.ebay.in/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2005|March|25}} |- | {{flag|Ireland}} | http://www.ebay.ie/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|March|29}}<ref name="ebay-pr-ie-nz-ch-2001-03-29">{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=35400 |title=eBay Launches Service For Ireland, New Zealand And Switzerland |accessdate=2007-11-09 |date=2001-03-29 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174101/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=35400 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Israel}} | http://www.ebay.co.il/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219063404/http://www.ebay.co.il/ |date=2008-02-19 }} | [[English language|English]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|Italy}} | http://www.ebay.it/ | [[Italian language|Italian]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|January|15}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=30820 |title=eBay Launches in Italy |date=2001-01-15 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204151212/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=30820 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Japan}} | http://www.sekaimon.com/{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Joint venture with [[Yahoo! Japan]]) | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] | {{dts|link=off|2007|December|4}} |- | {{flag|Malaysia}} | http://www.ebay.com.my/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2004|December|1}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=149589 |title=eBay Launches Service for Malaysia |date=2004-12-01 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204151216/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=149589 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} | http://www.ebay.nl/ | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|New Zealand}} | http://www.ebay.co.nz | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|March|29}}<ref name="ebay-pr-ie-nz-ch-2001-03-29"/> |- | {{flag|Philippines}} | http://www.ebay.ph/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2004|November|16}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=148474 |title=eBay Launches Service for the Philippines |date=2004-11-16 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173633/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=148474 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Poland}} | http://www.ebay.pl/ | [[Polish language|Polish]] | {{dts|link=off|2005|April|22}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=161003 |title=eBay Launches Service for Poland |date=2005-04-22 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174315/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=161003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Singapore}} | http://www.ebay.com.sg/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|October|24}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=62937 |title=eBay Launches Service for Singapore |date=2001-10-24 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay Inc. - Investor Relations |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172027/http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=62937 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|South Africa}} | http://www.ebay.co.za/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105045634/http://www.ebay.co.za/ |date=2008-11-05 }} | [[English language|English]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|South Korea}} | http://www.auction.co.kr/ | [[Korean language|Korean]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|February|15}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.hani.co.kr/section-004000000/2001/004000000200101080924185.html |title=<nowiki>[Internet Auction]</nowiki> Auction "eBay will start Korean service next month" |date=2001-01-08 |accessdate=2007-11-29 |format= |work= |publisher=Hangyore News (Yonhab News). |archive-date=2012-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109045639/http://english.hani.co.kr/section-004000000/2001/004000000200101080924185.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Spain}} | http://www.ebay.es/ | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | {{dts|link=off|2002|January|8}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.ebay.es/portada/pdf/Dossier_eBay.pdf |title=eBay.es Dossier de Prensa |month=January |year=2001 |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format=PDF |work=eBay.es |publisher=eBay Inc. |archive-date=2007-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127032213/http://pages.ebay.es/portada/pdf/Dossier_eBay.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sweden}} | http://www.tradera.com/ | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|Switzerland}} | http://www.ebay.ch/ | [[German language|German]] | {{dts|link=off|2001|March|29}}<ref name="ebay-pr-ie-nz-ch-2001-03-29"/> |- | {{flag|Taiwan}} | http://ruten.com.tw (joint venture with [http://www.pchome.com.tw PCHome]) <ref>According to [http://www.ruten.com.tw/about/about_us.htm Ruten.com.tw's website] Ruten.com.tw is a joint venture between PCHome and eBay</ref> | [[Traditional Chinese]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|Thailand}} | http://www.ebay.co.th{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | [[Thai language|Thai]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|Turkey}} | http://www.gittigidiyor.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307030116/http://www.gittigidiyor.com/ |date=2010-03-07 }} | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] | {{dts|link=off|2007|May|3}} |- | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | http://www.ebay.ae/ | [[English language|English]] | {{?}} |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | http://www.ebay.co.uk/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|1999|October|}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.ebay.co.uk/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html |title=eBay Worldwide |accessdate=2007-11-09 |format= |work=eBay.co.uk |publisher=eBay Inc.}}</ref> |- | {{flag|United States}} | http://www.ebay.com/ | [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|1995|September|3}} |- | {{flag|Vietnam}} | http://www.ebay.vn/ | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[English language|English]] | {{dts|link=off|2007|June|27}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ChannelID=16&ArticleID=207697 |title=Nhịp sống số |access-date=2008-11-17 |archive-date=2007-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022145118/http://tuoitre.com.vn/tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=207697&ChannelID=16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == <references/> == പുറം കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.ebay.com/ eBay.com] * [http://www.ebaymotors.com eBay Motors] * [http://pages.ebay.com/help/?ssPageName=home:f:f:US eBay Support] {{Company-stub|EBay}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ കമ്പനികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് കമ്പനികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വ്യാപാര വെബ് സൈറ്റ്]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്ക ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള ബഹുരാഷ്ട്രകമ്പനികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ബ്രാൻഡുകൾ]] 0kw3mntlghxune9l2r5k9mjhmbj4j6z 0 47727 4644241 4642920 2026-07-07T16:40:21Z ~2026-38798-92 220064 /* ചിത്രശാല */ 4644241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത ലേഖനം}} {{Prettyurl|Lionel Messi}} ഒരു [[അർജന്റീന|അര്ജന്റീനിയൻ]] പ്രഫഷണൽ [[ഫുട്ബോൾ]] കളിക്കാരനാണ് '''ലിയോ''' എന്ന് വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന '''ലിയോണൽ ലിയോ ആന്ദ്രസ് മെസ്സി''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}} (ജനനം ജൂൺ 24, 1987). ഇന്റർ മയാമിയിലും [[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ടീമിലും]] ഫോർവേഡായി കളിക്കുന്നു. ഫുട്ബോൾ ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കാരിൽ ഒരാളായി അദ്ദേഹത്തെ പരിഗണിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news | last = Broadbent | first = Rick | date = 24 February 2006 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece | title = Messi could be focal point for new generation | publisher = Times Online | accessdate = 31 March 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 2011-07-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727181929/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Gordon | first = Phil | date = 28 July 2008 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece | title = Lionel Messi proves a class apart | publisher = Times Online | accessdate = 31 March 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 2008-12-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081721/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Williams | first = Richard | date = 24 April 2008 | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2008/apr/24/ronaldosspotofanguishmessi?commentpage=2 | title = Messi's dazzling footwork leaves an indelible mark | publisher = The Guardian | accessdate = 31 March 2009 | location=London}}</ref> മെസ്സി തന്റെ 21 ആം വയസ്സിൽ [[യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]], [[ഫിഫ ലോക ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾക്കായി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടു. 22 ആം വയസ്സിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ആ രണ്ട് പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും കരസ്ഥമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2021 ൽ ലഭിച്ച ഏഴാമത് ബാലൺ ഡി ഓയോറോടെ ( [[Ballon d'Or]]) ഈ ബഹുമതി 7 തവണ നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ കളിക്കാരനായി . 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 വർഷങ്ങളിലായി തുടരെ 4-ആം തവണയാണ് ഈ നേട്ടം കരസ്ഥമാക്കിയത്.<ref name="Messi is best">{{cite web | title=Messi världens bästa fotbollsspelare | url=http://www.eurosport.se/fotboll/la-liga/2009-2010/messi-vann-ballon-d%27or_sto2139561/story.shtml | publisher=Eurosport | date=12 January 2009 | accessdate=23 March 2010 | archive-date=2015-09-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927140117/http://www.eurosport.se/fotboll/la-liga/2009-2010/messi-vann-ballon-d%27or_sto2139561/story.shtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html | title = European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") | publisher = RSSSF | accessdate = 7 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="Gala 2008">{{cite news | url = http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2008 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 7 July 2009 | archive-date = 2019-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190515125420/https://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/finalmenbyplayer_32209.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2007 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 7 July 2009 | archive-date = 2017-06-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170630222655/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/finalmenbyplayer_32209.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[2022 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|2022-ലെ ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] അദ്ദേഹം ലോകകപ്പും ഗോൾഡൻ ബോളും നേടി. ഇദ്ദേഹത്തെ പലപ്പോഴും ഇതിഹാസതാരം [[ഡിയഗോ മറഡോണ|ഡിയഗോ മറഡോണയുമായി]] സാമ്യപ്പെടുത്താറുണ്ട്. മറഡോണ തന്നെ മെസ്സിയെ തന്റെ "പിൻഗാമി" എന്ന് വിശേഷിപ്പിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite news | last = Gardner | first = Neil | date = 19 April 2007 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece | title = Is Messi the new Maradona? | publisher = Times Online | accessdate = 31 March 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 2011-06-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112333/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|title=Maradona proclaims Messi as his successor|author=Reuters|publisher= China Daily |date= 25 February 2006 |accessdate= 8 October 2006}}</ref> നന്നേ ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ തന്നെ മെസ്സി കളിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങിയിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഴിവ് ബാർസലോണ വളരെ വേഗം തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞു. ബാർസലോണ ക്ലബ്ബ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഉയരക്കുറവിനു ചികിത്സ നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചു. അതിനാൽ [[റൊസാരിയോ]] എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തെ ക്ലബ്ബായ [[ന്യൂവെൽസ്സ് ഓൾഡ് ബോയ്സ്]] ടീമിൽ നിന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം വിട്ടുപോരുകയും കുടുംബത്തോടൊപ്പം [[യൂറോപ്പ്|യൂറോപ്പിൽ]] സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. [[2004-2005 ലാ ലിഗ|2004-2005 സീസണിൽ]] അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യ കളി കളിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ തന്നെ അദ്ദേഹം [[ഗോൾ]] നേടി. അങ്ങനെ ക്ലബ്ബിനായി ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരൻ എന്ന റെക്കോർഡ് അദ്ദേഹം സ്വന്തമാക്കി. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യ സീസണിൽ തന്നെ ബാർസലോണ [[ലാ ലിഗ]] കപ്പ് നേടി. [[2006-2007 ലാ ലിഗ|2006-2007 സീസണിലാണ്]] അദ്ദേഹം മികച്ച പ്രകടനം കാഴ്ച്ചവെച്ചത്. ക്ലാസിക്ക് മത്സരത്തിൽ (el clásico or The Classic) ഒരു ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടിയതടക്കം 26 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നായി 14 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി. [[2008-2009 ലാ ലിഗ|2008-09]] സീസണിൽ അദ്ദേഹം 38 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി. ആ സീസണിൽ ബാർസലോണ മൂന്ന് കിരീടങ്ങൾ നേടിയപ്പോൾ ടീമിന്റെ പ്രധാന ആയുധം മെസ്സി ആയിരുന്നു. [[2009-2010 ലാ ലിഗ|2009-10]] സീസണിൽ അദ്ദേഹം എല്ലാ മത്സരങ്ങളിലുമായി 47 ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയും, ബാർസലോണക്കായി ഒരു സീസണിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയെന്ന ബഹുമതി [[റൊണാൾഡോ|റൊണാൾഡോയോടൊപ്പം]] പങ്കിടുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2005 ലെ [[ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ്|ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിൽ]] മെസ്സി ആയിരുന്നു ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ നേടിയത്. ഫൈനലിൽ നേടിയ 2 ഗോളുകളടക്കം ആകെ 6 ഗോളുകളാണ് ആ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സമ്പാദ്യം. അതിനുശേഷം അദ്ദേഹം [[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീന]] ടീമിലെ സ്ഥിരം അംഗമായി. [[ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] കളിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ അർജന്റീനക്കാരനായി അദ്ദേഹം മാറി. 2007 ലെ [[കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|കോപ്പ അമേരിക്കയിൽ]] രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനക്കാരനുള്ള പുരസ്കാരം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ലഭിച്ചു. 2008 ലെ [[ബീജിങ്ങ് ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്|ബീജിങ്ങ് ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ]] ജേതാക്കളായ അർജന്റീന ടീമിൽ മെസ്സിയും ഒരു അംഗമായിരുന്നു. ആ വിജയത്തോടെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ആദ്യ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചു. 2012 ഡിസംബർ 9ന് ഒരു കലണ്ടർ വർഷം ഏറ്റവുമതികം ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന കളിക്കാരൻ എന്ന റെക്കോർഡിൽ ഗെർഡ് മുള്ളറെ (85 ഗോളുകൾ) മറികടന്നു. 2012 ഡിസംബർ 23 ന് ഒരു കലണ്ടർ വർഷം 91 ഗോളുകൾ എന്ന സർവ്വ കാല റിക്കാർഡ് സ്ഥാപിച്ചു.2022ഇൽ ഖത്തറിൽ വച്ച് നടന്ന ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് കപ്പിൽ അർജൻ്റീനയെ വിജയികൾ ആക്കുന്നതിൽ മുഖ്യ പങ്ക് വഹിച്ചു പലപ്പോഴും ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച കളിക്കാരനായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുകയും എക്കാലത്തെയും മികച്ച കളിക്കാരിലൊരാളായി പരക്കെ കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന മെസ്സി റെക്കോർഡ് എട്ട് ബാലൺ ഡി ഓർ അവാർഡുകൾ നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. == ആദ്യ കാല ജീവിതം മെസ്സി == 1987 ജൂൺ 24 ന് ജോർജ്ജ് ഹൊറാസിയോ മെസ്സിയുടേയും (ഫാക്ടറി തൊഴിലാളി) സെലിയ മറിയ കുചിറ്റിനിയുടേയും (തൂപ്പുകാരി) മകനായി [[അർജന്റീന|അർജന്റീനയിലെ]] [[റോസാരിയോ]] എന്ന സ്ഥലത്താണ് മെസ്സി ജനിച്ചത്.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lionel-messi-magic-in-his-feet-1928768.html | last = Carlin | first = John | publisher = The Independent | title = Lionel Messi: Magic in his feet | accessdate = 7 April 2010 | date = 27 March 2010 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/deportes/8-121094-2009-03-07.html | last = Veiga | first = Gustavo | publisher = Página/12 | title = Los intereses de Messi | accessdate = 31 May 2009 |language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="mission">{{cite news | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece | publisher = Times Online | title = Lionel Messi on a mission | last = Hawkey | first = Ian | date = 20 April 2008 | accessdate = 30 May 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 2008-08-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080830020412/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref> ഇറ്റലിയിലെ [[അൻകോന]] എന്ന നഗരത്തിൽ നിന്നും 1883 ൽ കുടിയേറിപ്പാർത്തതാണ് മെസ്സിയുടെ പൂർവ്വികനായ ഏയ്ഞ്ചലോ മെസ്സി.<ref name="El origen de los Messi">{{cite web |url=http://www.aldia.cr/ad_ee/2006/febrero/24/ovacion11.html |title= El origen de los Messi está en Italia |accessdate= 7 July 2009 | date= 24 February 2006 | publisher= Al Día | last = Aguilar | first = Alexander |language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi">{{cite web |url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2005/10/07/pagina-5/722791/pdf.html |title= Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi |accessdate= 7 July 2009 |date = 7 October 2005 |publisher= El Mundo Deportivo | last = Cubero | first = Cristina|language= Spanish}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് റോഡ്രിഗോ എന്നും മത്യാസ് എന്നും പേരുള്ള രണ്ട് ജ്യേഷ്ഠന്മാരുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ മരിയ സോൾ എന്നു പേരുള്ള ഒരു സഹോദരിയും.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio/ | publisher = NBC | title = Lionel Messi bio | accessdate = 30 May 2009 | archive-date = 2017-05-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170513153151/http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio | url-status = dead }}</ref> അഞ്ചാം വയസ്സിൽ, തന്റെ അച്‌ഛൻ പരിശീലിപ്പിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു പ്രാദേശിക ക്ലബ്ബായ ഗ്രൻഡോളിയിൽ ചേർന്ന് മെസ്സി ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി.<ref name=Williams>{{cite news | last = Williams | first = Richard | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/feb/24/championsleague1 | publisher = The Guardian | title = Messi has all the qualities to take world by storm | accessdate = 3 May 2008 | date = 26 February 2006 | location=London}}</ref> 1995 ൽ പ്രാദേശിക പട്ടണമായ റൊസാരിയോവിലെ ഒരു ക്ലബ്ബായ [[ന്യൂവെൽസ് ഓൾഡ് ബോയ്സ്|ന്യൂവെൽസ് ഓൾഡ് ബോയ്സിൽ]] ചേർന്നു.<ref name=Williams/> 11 ആം വയസ്സിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ വളർച്ചക്കു ആവശ്യമായ ഹോർമോണിന്റെ കുറവ് തിരിച്ചറിയപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | title = Franck Ribery the man to challenge Lionel Messi and Barcelona | publisher = Daily Telegraph | last = White | first = Duncan | date = 4 April 2009 | accessdate = 7 July 2009 | location = London | archive-date = 2010-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100323094801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> അർജന്റീനയിലെ ഒരു പ്രമുഖ ക്ലബ്ബായ [[റിവർ പ്ലേറ്റ്|റിവർ പ്ലേറ്റിന്]] മെസ്സിയുടെ കഴിവിൽ വിശ്വാസമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എങ്കിലും മാസം തോറും $900 ചെലവാക്കിക്കൊണ്ട് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ചികിത്സിക്കാൻ അവർക്ക് കഴിയുമായിരുന്നില്ല.<ref name="mission"/> എന്നാൽ [[ബാർസലോണ|ബാർസലോണയുടെ]] സ്പോർട്ടിംഗ് ഡയറക്ടറായിരുന്ന [[കാർലെസ് റെക്സാച്ച്]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കഴിവിനെ പറ്റി ബോധവാനായിരുന്നു. മെസ്സിയുടെ ബന്ധുക്കൾ സ്പെയിനിലെ [[കാറ്റലോണിയ|കാറ്റലോണിയയിലെ]] [[ലെയ്ഡ|ലെയ്ഡയിൽ]] ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു.<ref name="mission"/> മെസ്സിയുടെ കളി നിരീക്ഷിച്ചതിനു ശേഷം ബാർസലോണ അദ്ദേഹവുമായി കരാറിലേർപ്പെട്ടു.<ref name=fifa.com/> അദ്ദേഹം സ്പെയിനിലേക്ക് മാറി താമസിക്കാമെങ്കിൽ ചികിത്സക്കുള്ള പണം ക്ലബ്ബ് ഏറ്റെടുത്തുകൊള്ളാം എന്ന് അവർ പറഞ്ഞു.<ref name=Williams/> ഇതനുസരിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കുടുംബം യൂറോപ്പിലേക്ക് മാറിത്താമസിക്കുകയും അദ്ദേഹം ക്ലബ്ബിന്റെ യൂത്ത് ടീമുകളിൽ കളിച്ച് തുടങ്ങുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name=fifa.com>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/edition=248388/news/newsid=103182.html |title=The new messiah |publisher=FIFA |date=5 March 2006 |accessdate=25 July 2006 |archive-date=2013-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225005810/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/edition=248388/news/newsid=103182.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ രണ്ട് ബന്ധുസഹോദരർ ഫുട്ബോളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ടായിരുന്നു : [[മാക്സി ബിനാക്കുച്ചി|മാക്സി ബിനാക്കുച്ചിയും]] [[ഇമ്മാനുവൽ ബിനാക്കുച്ചി|ഇമ്മാനുവൽ ബിനാക്കുച്ചിയും]].<ref name="Último Segundo">{{cite news|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html|title=Maxi afirma que Messi deve vir ao Brasil para vê-lo jogar|publisher=Último Segundo|date=20 August 2007|accessdate=3 November 2009|language=pt|archive-date=2009-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227172313/http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tz-online.de/sport/fussball/tsv-1860/biancucchi-hoert-mir-mit-messi-auf-498339.html|title=Hört mir auf mit Messi!|publisher=TZ Online|date= 20 October 2009 |accessdate= 3 November 2009 |language=de|first=Claudius |last=Mayer}}</ref> == ക്ലബ്ബ് ജീവിതം == === ബാർസലോണ === 2003 നവംബർ 13 ന് (അപ്പോൾ പ്രായം 16 വർഷവും 145 ദിവസവും) [[F.C. പോർട്ടോ|പോർട്ടോയുമായുള്ള]] സൗഹൃദ മത്സരത്തിലൂടെ മെസ്സി തന്റെ ആദ്യ ഔദ്യോഗിക മത്സരം കളിച്ചു.<ref name="footballdb">{{cite news |url=http://www.footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=222&b=true |title=Lionel Andres Messi&nbsp;— FCBarcelona and Argentina |publisher=Football Database |accessdate= 23 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html|title=Profile: Lionel Messi|author=Tutton, Mark and Duke, Greg|publisher=CNN|date=22 May 2009|accessdate=30 May 2009|archive-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411213640/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഒരു വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ [[ഫ്രാങ്ക് റൈക്കാർഡ്]] അദ്ദേഹത്തെ തന്റെ ആദ്യ ലീഗ് മത്സരം കളിക്കാൻ അനുവദിച്ചു. 2004 ഒക്ടോബർ 16 ന് (അപ്പോൾ പ്രായം 17 വർഷവും 114 ദിവസവും) [[F.C. എസ്പാന്യോൾ|എസ്പാന്യോളിനെതിരെയായിരുന്നു]] ആ മത്സരം. ആ മത്സരത്തോടു കൂടി ബാർസലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി കളിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ മൂന്നാമത്തെ കളിക്കാരനും ലാ ലിഗയിൽ കളിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരനുമായി മെസ്സി മാറി (ഈ റെക്കോർഡ് 2007 സെപ്റ്റംബറിൽ ബാർസലോണയിലെ തന്നെ [[ബോജൻ ക്രികിച്]] തകർത്തു). 2005 മെയ് 1 ന് [[അൽബാസെറ്റെ ബലോംപി|അൽബാസെറ്റെക്കെതിരെ]] അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ ബാർസലോണക്കായി നേടി. അപ്പോൾ മെസ്സിയുടെ പ്രായം 17 വർഷവും 10 മാസവും 7 ദിവസവുമായിരുന്നു. ബാർസലോണക്കായി ഒരു ലാ ലിഗ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി മാറി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html | title = Meteoric rise in three years | accessdate = 3 May 2008 | publisher = fcbarcelona.com | archive-date = 2011-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110906093707/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> 2007 ൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ സഹായത്തോടെ നേടിയ ഒരു ഗോളിലൂടെ [[ബോജൻ ക്രികിച്]] ആ റെക്കോർഡും തകർത്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071020101276.html | title = Krkic enters the record books | accessdate = 16 July 2009 | date = 21 October 2007 | publisher = fcbarcelona.cat | last = Nogueras | first = Sergi | archive-date = 2011-08-19 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20110819191710/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071020101276.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> മെസ്സി തന്റെ മുൻ കോച്ചായ റൈക്കാർഡിനെപ്പറ്റി ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞു : {{cquote|അദ്ദേഹമാണ് എന്റെ കളിജീവിതം തുടങ്ങിവെച്ചത് എന്ന വസ്തുത ഞാനൊരിക്കലും മറക്കില്ല. എന്റെ 16 ഓ 17 ഓ വയസ്സിൽ തന്നെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് എന്നിൽ വിശ്വാസമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerway.com/news/2009/December/10/messi-rijkaard-gave-us-more-freedom/|title=Messi: "Rijkaard gave us more freedom"|date=10 December 2009|publisher=soccerway.com}}</ref>}} ==== 2005-06 സീസൺ ==== {{ quote box | width = 30% | align = right | quote = ''മറഡോണയോ പെലെയോ എന്ന സംശയം അവസാനിക്കാൻ പോകുന്നു'' | source = [[ഡിയേഗോ മറഡോണ]], 2010 ലോകകപ്പ് മെസ്സി ജയിച്ചാൽ എന്ന അവസരത്തിൽ<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/767712/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global|title=Diego Maradona: Lionel Messi playing kick-about with Jesus|last=|first=|publisher=ESPN|date=8 April 2010|accessdate=8 April 2010|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073752/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/767712/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} സെപ്റ്റംബർ 16 ന് മൂന്നു മാസത്തിനിടയിൽ രണ്ടാം തവണയും ബാർസലോണ, മെസ്സിയുമായുള്ള കരാർ പുതുക്കി. ആ പ്രാവശ്യം അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ഒന്നാം നിര ടീമിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് കരാർ 2014 ജൂൺ വരെ പുതുക്കിയത്.<ref name=Williams/> 2005 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 26 ന് മെസ്സി സ്പാനിഷ് പൗരത്വം നേടി.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/sports/story.asp?file=/2005/9/28/sports/12165057&sec=sports |title=Good news for Barcelona as Messi gets his Spanish passport |publisher=The Star Online|date= 28 May 2005 |accessdate= 29 May 2009}}</ref> അതോടെ അദ്ദേഹം ലാ ലിഗയിൽ കളിക്കുന്നതിന് പൂർണ്ണസജ്ജനായി. സെപ്റ്റംബർ 27 ന് [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിൽ]] ഇറ്റാലിയൻ ക്ലബ്ബായ [[ഉഡിനീസ് കാൽസിയോ|ഉഡിനീസിനെതിരെയായിരുന്നു]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ വിദേശികളുമായുള്ള കളി.<ref name="footballdb"/> അദ്ദേഹം പകരക്കാരനായി ഇറങ്ങിയപ്പോൾ [[കാമ്പ് ന്യൂ|കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിലെ]] ബാർസലോണയുടെ ആരാധകർ എഴുന്നേറ്റുനിന്നുകൊണ്ട് സ്വാഗതം ചെയ്തു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റേയും [[റൊണാൾഡീന്യോ|റൊണാൾഡീന്യോവിന്റേയും]] കൂട്ടുകെട്ട് ആരാധകർക്കൊരു വിരുന്നൊരുക്കി.<ref>{{cite news |author=Reuters |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/sep/28messi.htm |title=Ronaldinho scores the goals, Messi takes the plaudits |publisher=Rediff|date= 28 September 2005 |accessdate= 23 August 2006}}</ref> മെസ്സി ആ സീസണിൽ 17 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നായി 6 ഗോളുകൾ സ്വന്തമാക്കി. കൂടാതെ 6 ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് കളികളിൽ നിന്നായി ഒരു ഗോളും നേടി. ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിലെ രണ്ടാം റൗണ്ടിലെ രണ്ടാം പാദത്തിൽ [[ചെൽസി F.C.|ചെൽസിക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ വലതു തുടയിലെ പേശിക്കുണ്ടായ പരിക്കുമൂലം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആ സീസൺ 2006 മാർച്ച് 7 ന് അവസാനിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |title=Frustrated Messi suffers another injury setback |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |date=26 April 2006 |accessdate=22 July 2006 |archive-date=2012-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073801/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[ഫ്രാങ്ക് റൈക്കാർഡ്|റൈക്കാർഡിന്റെ]] ബാർസലോണ ആ സീസണിൽ സ്പെയിനിലേയും യൂറോപ്പിലേയും ജേതാക്കളായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-1-barcelona-2-barcelona-crush-heroic-arsenal-in-space-of-four-brutal-minutes-478659.html |title=Arsenal 1 Barcelona 2: Barcelona crush heroic Arsenal in space of four brutal minutes |last = Wallace | first = Sam | publisher=The Independent |date= 18 May 2006 |accessdate= 3 June 2009 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4970966.stm |title=Barca retain Spanish league title | publisher=BBC Sport |date= 3 May 2006 |accessdate= 3 June 2009}}</ref> ==== 2006-07 സീസൺ ==== [[പ്രമാണം:Barcelona vs Rangers.jpg|thumb|2007 ൽ [[റേഞ്ചേഴ്സ് F.C.|റേഞ്ചേഴ്സിനെതിരെ]] മെസ്സിയുടെ പ്രകടനം]] 2006-07 സീസണിൽ മെസ്സി സ്ഥിരമായി ഒന്നാം ടീമിൽ ഇടംപിടിച്ചു തുടങ്ങി. 26 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നായി 14 ഗോളുകൾ മെസ്സി നേടി.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Lionel Messi at National Football Teams |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate= 17 July 2009}}</ref> നവംബർ 12 ന് [[റയൽ സരഗോസ|റയൽ സരഗോസയുമായുള്ള]] മത്സരത്തിനിടെ പരിക്കേറ്റതുമൂലം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് മൂന്ന് മാസം നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |title=Doctors happy with Messi op |publisher=FCBarcelona.com |date=14 November 2006 |accessdate=16 November 2006 |archive-date=2006-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126040828/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/en/comp/index/0,2442,125576,00.html?articleid=125576 |title=Messi to miss FIFA Club World Cup |date=13 November 2006 |publisher=FIFA.com/Reuters |accessdate=18 January 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211061548/http://fifa.com/en/comp/index/0,2442,125576,00.html?articleid=125576 |archivedate=2007-12-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> അർജന്റീനയിൽ വെച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം സുഖം പ്രാപിച്ചു. പരിക്ക് ഭേദപ്പെട്ടതിനു ശേഷമുള്ള ആദ്യ മത്സരം ഫെബ്രുവരി 11 ന് [[റേസിംഗ് ഡി സന്റാൻഡർ|റേസിംഗ് സന്റാൻഡറിനെതിരെ]] ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |title=Barcelona&nbsp;— Racing Santander |publisher=The Offside |date=19 January 2008 |accessdate=30 May 2009 |archive-date=2012-05-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530090054/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടാം പകുതിയിൽ ഒരു പകരക്കാരനായാണ് കളിക്കാനിറങ്ങിയത്. മാർച്ച് 11 ന് നടന്ന ക്ലാസിക്ക് മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി വളരെ നല്ല നിലവാരത്തിലാണ് കളിച്ചത്. 10 പേരായി ചുരുങ്ങിയ ബാർസലോണക്ക് അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ [[ഹാട്രിക്|ഹാട്രിക്കിലൂടെ]] സമനില നേടിക്കൊടുത്തു. അദ്ദേഹം നേടിയ മൂന്നു ഗോളുകളും സമനില ഗോളുകളായിരുന്നു (Equalisers).അതിലെത്തന്നെ അവസാനത്തെ ഗോൾ [[ഇഞ്ച്വറി ടൈം|ഇഞ്ച്വറി ടൈമിലായിരുന്നു]] നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html |title= Magical Messi is Barcelona's hero |last= Hayward |first= Ben |publisher= The Independent |date= 11 March 2007 |accessdate= 30 May 2009 |location= London |archive-date= 2011-09-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110906081352/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> ഇതിലൂടെ, ക്ലാസ്സിക്ക് മത്സരത്തിൽ [[ഇവാൻ സമോറാനോ|ഇവാൻ സമോറാനോക്ക്]] ശേഷം (1994-95 സീസണിൽ [[റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡ്|റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിന്]] വേണ്ടി) ഹാട്രിക് നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ കളിക്കാരനായി.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=113101.html |title=Inter beat AC, Messi headlines derby |date=11 March 2007 |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=30 May 2009 |archive-date=2014-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803140827/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=113101.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ഈ നേട്ടം കൈവരിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരനും മെസ്സി തന്നെയാണ്. സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തോടു കൂടി അദ്ദേഹം കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ നേടാൻ തുടങ്ങി. ലീഗിൽ അദ്ദേഹം നേടിയ 14 ഗോളുകളിൽ 11 ഗോളുകളും അവസാന 13 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ്.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843&season=2006&cc=5739 |title=Lionel Messi 2006/07 season statistics |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |accessdate=3 June 2009 |archive-date=2010-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326235840/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''പുതിയ മറഡോണ'' എന്ന പേര് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ചാർത്തി നൽകപ്പെട്ടു. ഒരേയൊരു സീസണിനുള്ളിൽ തന്നെ മറഡോണയുടെ പ്രശസ്തമായ പല ഗോളുകളും പുനഃസൃഷ്ടിച്ചത് അതിനൊരു കാരണമായി.<ref name="maradonalike">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2311407/The-greatest-goal-ever.html |title=The greatest goal ever? |date= 20 April 2007 |publisher= Daily Telegraph | last = Lowe| first = Sid | accessdate= 7 July 2009 | location=London}}</ref> 2007 ഏപ്രിൽ 18 ന് [[കോപ്പ ദെൽ റെയ്]] സെമി ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ [[ഗെറ്റാഫെ|ഗെറ്റാഫെക്കെതിരെ]] അദ്ദേഹം 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി. [[മെക്സിക്കോ|മെക്സിക്കോയിൽ]] വെച്ച് നടന്ന [[1986 ഫുട്ബോൾ ലോകകപ്പ്|1986 ലെ ഫുട്ബോൾ ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] [[ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെതിരെ]] മറഡോണ നേടിയ ഗോളിനോട് ([[നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ ഗോൾ]] എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു) വളരെയധികം സാമ്യമുള്ളവയായിരുന്നു അവ.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888 | title=Messi dazzles as Barça reach Copa Final | publisher=ESPN Soccernet | date=18 April 2007 | access-date=2010-12-03 | archive-date=2012-10-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073812/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ഇതിലൂടെ മെസ്സി മറഡോണയുമായി വളരെയധികം താരതമ്യം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടു. സ്പാനിഷ് പത്രങ്ങൾ മെസ്സിയെ ''മെസ്സിഡോണ'' എന്ന് വിളിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071455691800.htm | title= Can ‘Messidona’ beat Maradona? | publisher= The Hindu | date= 14 July 2007 | access-date= 2010-12-27 | archive-date= 2013-10-14 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131014194308/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071455691800.htm | url-status= dead }}</ref> അദ്ദേഹം ആ ഗോളിനിടയിൽ 62 മീറ്ററുകൾ (203 അടികൾ) തന്നെ ഓടി, 6 കളിക്കാരെ (ഗോളിയടക്കം) തന്നെ കബളിപ്പിച്ചു, ഒരേ സ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നു തന്നെ നിറയൊഴിച്ചു, ആഹ്ലാദസമയത്ത്, 21 വർഷങ്ങൾക്കു മുമ്പ് മെക്സിക്കോയിൽ മറഡോണ ചെയ്തതുപോലെ കോർണർ പതാകക്കടുത്തേക്ക് ഓടി.<ref name="maradonalike"/> മത്സരത്തിനു ശേഷം പത്രസമ്മേളനത്തിൽ സഹകളിക്കാരനായ [[ഡെക്കോ]] പറഞ്ഞു : "''എന്റെ ജീവിതത്തിൽ ഞാൻ കണ്ട ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഗോളാണ് അത്.''"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/04/20/sfnmes20.xml |title=The greatest goal ever? |last=Lowe |first=Sid |publisher=Daily Telegraph |date=20 April 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |location=London |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513171834/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fsport%2F2007%2F04%2F20%2Fsfnmes20.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1986 ലോകകപ്പിലെ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിനെതിരായ ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിൽ മറഡോണ നേടിയ [[ദൈവത്തിന്റെ കൈ]] എന്ന് പ്രശസ്തമായ ഗോളിനോട് സമാനമായ ഒരു ഗോൾ മെസ്സി [[RCD എസ്പാന്യോൾ|എസ്പാന്യോളിനെതിരെ]] നേടി. മെസ്സി പന്തിനായി കുതിക്കുകയും ഗോളിയായ [[കാർലോസ് കമേനി|കാർലോസ് കമേനിയെ]] കബളിപ്പിച്ച് ആ പന്ത് സ്വന്തം കൈകൊണ്ട് വലയിലേക്ക് തട്ടിയിടുകയുമാണ് ചെയ്തത്.<ref name="Hand of Messi">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |title=Hand of Messi saves Barcelona |last=Mitten |first=Andy |publisher=Times Online |date=10 June 2007 |accessdate=12 January 2008 |location=London |archive-date=2008-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013021540/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> അത് ശരിയായ ഒരു [[ഹാൻഡ്ബോൾ (ഫുട്ബോൾ)|ഹാൻഡ്ബോൾ]] ആണെന്ന് റീപ്ലേകളിൽ വ്യക്തമായിരുന്നെങ്കിലും ഗോൾ നൽകപ്പെട്ടു.<ref name="Hand of Messi"/> ==== 2007-08 സീസൺ ==== [[പ്രമാണം:Messi 22 Sep 07 v Sevilla.JPG|thumb|കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിൽ വെച്ച് നടന്ന സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരായ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ബാർസലോണയെ 2-0 എന്ന നിലയിലേക്ക് നയിക്കുന്നു, 2007 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 22|കണ്ണി=Special:FilePath/Messi_22_Sep_07_v_Sevilla.JPG]] 2007-08 സീസണിലെ ആദ്യ ആഴ്ചയിൽ 5 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി മെസ്സി ബാർസലോണയെ ലാ ലിഗയിലെ ആദ്യ നാല് ടീമുകളിലൊന്നാക്കി. സെപ്റ്റംബർ 19 ന് സ്വന്തം മൈതാനത്ത് വെച്ച് നടന്ന [[ഒളിമ്പിക് ലിയോൺ|ലിയോണിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ ഗോളിന്റെ പിൻബലത്തിൽ ബാർസലോണ 3-0 ന് വിജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739|title=Barcelona 3–0 Lyon: Messi orchestrates win|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=19 September 2007|accessdate=27 May 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081230/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> സെപ്റ്റംബർ 22 ന് [[FC സെവിയ്യ|സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.soccerway.com/matches/2007/09/22/spain/primera-division/futbol-club-barcelona/sevilla-futbol-club/480859/|title=Barcelona vs. Sevilla|publisher=Soccerway|date= 22 September 2007 |accessdate= 29 May 2009}}</ref> സെപ്റ്റംബർ 26 ന് [[റയൽ സരഗോസ|റയൽ സരഗോസയുമായുള്ള]] മത്സരത്തിലും അദ്ദേഹം 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി, ബാർസലോണയുടെ 4-1 വിജയത്തിൽ മുഖ്യ പങ്കാളിയായി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html|title=Barcelona 4–1 Zaragoza|author=Isaiah|publisher=The Offside|date=26 September 2007|accessdate=27 May 2009|archive-date=2012-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311091432/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഫെബ്രുവരി 27 ന് [[വലൻസിയ CF|വലൻസിയക്കെതിരെ]] അദ്ദേഹം ബാർസലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടിയുള്ള തന്റെ 100 ആം മത്സരം കളിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=700689.html|title=Xavi late show saves Barca|author=FIFA|publisher=FIFA|date=27 February 2008|accessdate=27 May 2009|archive-date=2014-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803053023/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=700689.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> മുന്നേറ്റ വിഭാഗത്തിൽ [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ ലോക 11|ഫിഫ്പ്രോ ലോക 11 കളിക്കാരൻ പുരസ്കാരത്തിന്]] മെസ്സി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=14697|title=FIFPro World XI|publisher=FIFPro|accessdate=30 May 2009|archive-date=2011-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009021258/http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=14697|url-status=dead}}</ref> സ്പാനിഷ് പത്രമായ [[ഡിയാരിയോ മാർസ|മാർസയുടെ]] ഓൺലൈൻ പതിപ്പിൽ നടന്ന ലോകത്തെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച കളിക്കാരനുള്ള തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ 77% വോട്ടോടെ മെസ്സി വിജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archivo.marca.com/futbol/2007/messi_kun/handicho.html|title=El fútbol a sus pies|last=Villalobos|first=Fran|publisher=MARCA|language=Spanish|date= 10 April 2007|accessdate= 7 July 2009}}</ref> [[ഫ്രാൻസ് ബെക്കൻബോവർ|ഫ്രാൻസ് ബെക്കൻബോവറുടെ]] അഭിപ്രായത്തെ പിൻപറ്റി, [[ലോക ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദി ഇയർ]] പുരസ്കാരം മെസ്സിക്ക് നൽകണമെന്ന് ബാർസലോണ കേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന പത്രങ്ങളായ [[എൽ മുണ്ടോ ഡിപോർട്ടീവോ|എൽ മുണ്ടോ ഡിപോർട്ടീവോയുടേയും]] [[സ്പോർട്ട് (പത്രം)|സ്പോർട്ടിന്റേയും]] എഴുത്തുകാർ അഭിപ്രായപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107|title=Si Messi sigue trabajando así, será como Maradona y Pelé|last=Fest|first=Leandro|publisher=Sport.es|language=Spanish|accessdate=7 July 2009|archive-date=2008-05-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080524062418/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107|url-status=dead}}</ref> ലോകത്തിലെ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഫുട്ബോളർമാരിൽ ഒരാളാണ് മെസ്സിയെന്ന് [[ഫ്രാൻസെസ്കോ ടോട്ടി]] അഭിപ്രായപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archivo.marca.com/edicion/marca/futbol/internacional/es/desarrollo/1063306.html|title=Totti le daría el Balón de Oro a Messi antes que a Kaká|publisher= MARCA |language=Spanish|date= 29 November 2007 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> മാർച്ച് 4 ന് [[സെൽട്ടിക് FC|സെൽട്ടികിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]] മത്സരത്തിൽ ഇടതു തുടയിൽ പേശീവലിവുണ്ടായതിനെത്തുടർന്ന് 6 മാസം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പുറത്തിരിക്കേണ്ടി വന്നു. മൂന്ന് സീസണുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ ഇത് നാലാം തവണയാണ് ഇത്തരം പരിക്ക് മൂലം മെസ്സിക്ക് കളിക്കാൻ കഴിയാതെ പോകുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/story/2008/03/05/lionel-messi.html?ref=rss|title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi sidelined with thigh injury|publisher=CBC.ca|date= 5 March 2008 |accessdate= 14 June 2009}}</ref> ==== 2008-09 സീസൺ ==== [[പ്രമാണം:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|thumb|upright|left|മെസ്സി [[ഡിപോർട്ടീവോ ദെ ലാ കൊരുണ|ഡിപോർട്ടീവോ ലാ കൊരുണക്കെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ]] [[റൊണാൾഡീന്യോ|റൊണാൾഡീന്യോയുടെ]] ക്ലബ്ബ് മാറ്റത്തെ തുടർന്ന് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 10 ആം നമ്പർ ജേഴ്സി മെസ്സിക്ക് ലഭിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2008/08/04/803776/messi-inherits-ronaldinhos-no-10-shirt|title=Messi Inherits Ronaldinho's No. 10 Shirt|last=Sica|first=Gregory|publisher=Goal.com|date= 4 August 2008 |accessdate= 2 June 2009}}</ref> 2008 ഒക്ടോബർ 1 ന് [[FC ഷക്തർ ഡൊണെറ്റ്സ്ക്|ഷക്തർ ഡൊണെറ്റ്സ്കിനെതിരായ]] ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് മത്സരത്തിൽ, [[തിയറി ഹെൻട്രി|തിയറി ഹെൻട്രിക്ക്]] പകരമിറങ്ങി, 1-0 ന് പിന്നിൽ നിൽക്കുകയായിരുന്ന ബാർസലോണയെ അവസാന 7 മിനിട്ടുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി 2-1 ജയത്തിലേക്ക് മെസ്സി നയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739|title=Late Messi brace nicks it|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=29 May 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081234/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡ്|അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരായ]] അടുത്ത മത്സരം മെസ്സിയും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അടുത്ത സുഹൃത്തായ [[സെർജിയോ അഗ്യൂറോ|സെർജിയോ അഗ്യൂറോയും]] തമ്മിലുള്ള സൗഹൃദ യുദ്ധമായാണ് പറയപ്പെട്ടത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/65327-barcelona-6-1-atletico-madrid-match-report-and-player-ratings|title=Barcelona 6–1 Atletico Madrid| last = Osaghae | first = Efosa |publisher=Bleacher Report|date= 4 October 2008 |accessdate= 31 May 2009}}</ref> ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഫ്രീകിക്കിലൂടെ ഒരു ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ഒരു ഗോളിന് വഴി തെളിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തതിലൂടെ അത്‌ലറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനു മേൽ ബാർസ 6-1 വിജയം നേടി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739|title=Goal rush for Barcelona|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=4 October 2008|accessdate=31 May 2009|archive-date=2014-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810090950/http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരായി നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി മറ്റ് രണ്ട് ആകർഷകമായ ഗോളുകൾ കൂടി നേടി. അതിൽ ഒരെണ്ണം 23 മീറ്ററുകൾ (25 വാര) അകലെ നിന്ന് അടിച്ചതും മറ്റൊന്ന് ഗോളിയെ കബളിപ്പിച്ച് വിഷമകരമായ ഒരു സ്ഥലത്ത് നിന്നും നേടിയതുമാണ്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=964294.html|title=Messi magical, Real miserable|publisher=FIFA|date=29 November 2008|accessdate=2 June 2009|archive-date=2014-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803210929/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=964294.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2008 ഡിസംബർ 13 ന് നടന്ന ആ സീസണിലെ ആദ്യ ക്ലാസിക് മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ബാർസലോണയുടെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ബാർസ 2-0 ന് ജയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7776472.stm|title= Barcelona 2–0 Real Madrid |publisher=BBC Sport|date= 13 December 2008 |accessdate= 29 May 2009}}</ref> 2008 ലെ ഫിഫ പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ പുരസ്കാരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം 678 പോയന്റുകളോടെ രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി.<ref name="Gala 2008"/> അത്‌ലറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരായി ബാർസലോണ 3-1 ന് ജയിച്ച ഒരു [[കോപ്പ ഡെൽ റേയ്]] മത്സരത്തിലാണ് മെസ്സി 2009 ലെ ആദ്യ ഹാട്രിക് നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200901/20090107/article_387234.htm|title=Messi scores hat trick in Barca's 3–1 win over Atletico|publisher= Shanghai Daily |date= 7 January 2009 |accessdate= 29 May 2009}}</ref> 2009 ഫെബ്രുവരി 1 ന് [[റേസിംഗ് സന്റാൻഡർ|റേസിംഗ് സന്റാൻഡറിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ 1-0 ന് പിന്നിൽ നിൽക്കുകയായിരുന്ന ബാർസലോണയെ പകുതി സമയത്തിൽ പകരക്കാരനായി ഇറങ്ങി 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി 2-1 വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് മെസ്സി നയിച്ചു. അതിലെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ ബാർസലോണയുടെ സ്പാനിഷ് ലീഗിലെ 5000 ആമത് ഗോൾ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZaLqalXOwOJ2FwjihA3svGql1Mw | title = Supersub Messi fires 5,000-goal Barcelona to comeback victory | publisher = AFP | date = 1 February 2009 | accessdate = 1 February 2009 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090204172913/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZaLqalXOwOJ2FwjihA3svGql1Mw | archivedate = 2009-02-04 | url-status = live }}</ref> ലാ ലിഗയുടേ 28 ആം ഘട്ടത്തിൽ [[മലാഗ CF|മലാഗക്കെതിരെ]] അദ്ദേഹം സീസണിലെ തന്റെ 30 ആം ഗോൾ നേടുകയും അതുവഴി ബാർസലോണയെ 6-0 വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് നയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/sport/2009/03/2009322164115611397.html|title=Barcelona hit Malaga for six|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date= 23 March 2009 |accessdate= 2 June 2009}}</ref> 2009 ഏപ്രിൽ 8 ന് [[FC ബയേൺ മ്യൂണിക്ക്|ബയേൺ മ്യൂണിക്കിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന ഒരു ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയും ആ പരമ്പരയിൽ 8 ഗോളുകൾ എന്നത് സ്വന്തം നേട്ടങ്ങൾക്കൊപ്പം ചേർക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-04-09-2372732048_x.htm|title=Barcelona returns to earth with league match|publisher= USA Today |date= 9 April 2009 |accessdate= 7 July 2009|last=Logothetis|first=Paul}}</ref> ഏപ്രിൽ 18 ന് ഗെറ്റാഫെക്കെതിരായ 1-0 ജയത്തിൽ നേടിയ ഗോളിലൂടെ മെസ്സി ലാ ലിഗയിൽ ആ സീസണിൽ 20 ഗോളുകൾ കുറിച്ചു. റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനു മുകളിൽ വ്യക്തമായ 6 പോയന്റിന്റെ ലീഡോഡെ ബാർസലോണ ലീഗ് പട്ടികയിൽ തലപ്പത്തെത്തി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200904/20090419/article_398171.htm|title=Messi leads Barcelona to 1–0 win over Getafe|publisher= Shanghai Daily |date=19 April 2009 |accessdate= 2 June 2009}}</ref> സീസൺ അവസാനിക്കുന്നതിനു മുമ്പായി [[സാന്റിയാഗോ ബെർണാബൂ സ്റ്റേഡിയം|സാന്റിയാഗോ ബെർണാബൂവിൽ]] വെച്ച് റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരായി നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ ഇരട്ടഗോൾ (സീസണിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 35 ഉം 36 ഉം ഗോളുകൾ) പ്രകടനത്തിന്റെ പിൻബലത്തിൽ ബാർസലോണ 6-2 ന് വിജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/02/la-liga-real-madrid-barcelona|title=Barcelona run riot at Real Madrid and put Chelsea on notice|last=Lowe|first=Sid|publisher= The Guardian |date= 2 May 2009 |accessdate= 31 May 2009 | location=London}}</ref> അത് 1930 ന് ശേഷം റയലിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും കനത്ത പരാജയമായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2009/05/03/1244468/real-madrid-fan-poll-says-barcelona-loss-is-most-painful-in-club|title=Real Madrid Fan Poll Says Barcelona Loss Is Most Painful In Club History|last=Macdonald|first=Paul|publisher=Goal.com|date= 3 May 2009 |accessdate= 31 May 2009}}</ref> ഓരോ ഗോൾ നേടിയതിനു ശേഷവും അദ്ദേഹം ആരാധകരുടെ അടുത്തേക്ക് ഓടുകയും ''Síndrome X Fràgil'' (Fragile X Syndrome എന്ന രോഗത്തിന്റെ കറ്റാലൻ നാമം) എന്നെഴുതിയ കുപ്പായം ക്യാമറക്ക് മുന്നിൽ കാണിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ആ രോഗത്തിനടിമപ്പെട്ട കുട്ടികളോടുള്ള തന്റെ സഹകരണം വ്യക്തമാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം അതിലൂടെ.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2009/05/02/1242691/what-lionel-messis-t-shirt-at-the-bernabeu-meant|title=What Lionel Messi's T-Shirt At The Bernabeu Meant|publisher=Goal.com|last=Macdonald|first=Ewan|date= 2 May 2009|accessdate= 2 June 2009}}</ref> ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് സെമി-ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ [[ചെൽസി FC|ചെൽസിക്കെതിരെ]] [[ആന്ദ്രെ ഇനിയെസ്റ്റ]] നേടിയ ഇഞ്ചുറി ടൈം ഗോളിലൂടെ ബാർസലോണയെ ഫൈനലിൽ [[മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ യുണൈറ്റഡ് FC|മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ യുണൈറ്റഡിനെ]] നേരിടുന്നതിന് പ്രാപ്തരാക്കിയതിൽ മെസ്സിക്കും വലിയൊരു പങ്കുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. മെയ് 13 ന് [[അത്‌ലറ്റിക്കോ ബിൽബാവോ|അത്‌ലറ്റിക്കോ ബിൽബാവോക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന കോപ്പ ഡെൽ റേയ് കലാശപ്പോരാട്ടത്തിൽ ഒരു ഗോൾ നേടുകയും രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾക്ക് വഴിവെക്കുകയും ചെയ്തതിലൂടെ ബാർസലോണ 4-1 ന് വിജയിക്കുകയും മെസ്സി തന്റെ ആദ്യ കോപ്പ ഡെൽ റേയ് കപ്പ് നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5321324/Barcelona-defeat-Athletic-Bilbao-to-win-Copa-del-Rey.html|title=Barcelona defeat Athletic Bilbao to win Copa del Rey|publisher= Daily Telegraph |date= 14 May 2009 |accessdate= 28 May 2009 | location=London}}</ref> മെസ്സിയുടെ മികച്ച പ്രകടനത്തിലൂടെ ബാർസലോണ ലാ ലിഗ കപ്പും നേടി ആ സീസണിൽ ഡബിൾ പൂർത്തിയാക്കി. മെയ് 27 ന് നടന്ന ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനലിൽ മെസ്സി 70 ആം മിനിട്ടിൽ നേടിയ ഗോളടക്കം 2 ഗോളിന് ബാർസലോണ മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ യുണൈറ്റഡിനെ തോൽപ്പിക്കുകയും കിരീടം കരസ്ഥമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 9 ഗോളുകളോടെ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് പരമ്പരയിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ നേടുന്ന താരവുമായി മാറി മെസ്സി. പരമ്പരയുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിൽ ഈ നേട്ടം കൈവരിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ വ്യക്തിയും മറ്റാരുമായിരുന്നില്ല.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=833286.html|title=Messi sweeps up goalscoring honours|publisher=uefa.com|date= 27 May 2009 |accessdate=4 June 2009}}</ref> ആ വർഷത്തിൽ തന്നെ [[യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫുട്ബോൾ പുരസ്കാരം|യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫോർവേർഡ് ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]], [[യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും അദ്ദേഹത്തെ തേടിയെത്തി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=1/newsid=877275.html|title=Messi recognised as Europe's finest|publisher=uefa.com|date=27 August 2009 |accessdate= 30 August 2009}}</ref> ആ സീസണിൽ ബാർസലോണ ലാ ലിഗ, കോപ്പ ഡെൽ റേയ്, ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് എന്നിങ്ങനെ മൂന്ന് കിരീടങ്ങൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667|title=Barcelona win treble in style|publisher=Gulf Daily News|date=28 May 2009|accessdate=28 May 2009|archive-date=2015-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703215248/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഒരു സീസണിൽ മൂന്ന് കിരീടങ്ങൾ നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ സ്പാനിഷ് ക്ലബ്ബായി ബാർസലോണ മാറി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/01062009/3/barcelona-eclipse-dream-team-historic-treble.html|title=Barcelona eclipse dream team with historic treble|publisher=UK Eurosport|date=1 June 2009|accessdate=3 June 2009|archive-date=2020-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407083321/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== 2009-10 സീസൺ ==== {{ quote box | width = 40% | align = left | quote = "മെസ്സി ഓടുമ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹം തടുക്കാൻ കഴിയാത്തവനാണ്. അത്രയും കൂടിയ വേഗതയിൽ ദിശ മാറ്റം വരുത്താൻ കഴിവുള്ള ഒരേയൊരു കളിക്കാരൻ മെസ്സിയാണ്."<p>"ചില കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ അദ്ദേഹമാണ് ലോകത്തെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കാരൻ. അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു പ്ലേസ്റ്റേഷൻ (പോലെ) ആണ്. നമ്മൾക്ക് പറ്റുന്ന ഓരോ തെറ്റുകളും അദ്ദേഹം മുതലെടുക്കും.''</p> | source = [[ആഴ്സൻ വെങ്ങർ]], [[ആഴ്സണൽ FC|ആഴ്സണലിനെതിരെ]] ബാർസലോണ 4-1 ന് ജയിച്ചപ്പോൾ.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8606391.stm |title=BBC Sport – Football – Arsene Wenger hails Lionel Messi as world's best player |publisher=BBC News |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=12 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="Unstoppable">{{cite web | url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Unstoppable-Lionel-Messi-is-like-a-PlayStation-says-Arsenal-boss-Arsene-Wenger-after-Barcelona-Champions-League-masterclass-article383291.html | publisher=Mirrorfootball.co.uk | author=John Cross | title=Unstoppable Lionel Messi is like a PlayStation, says Aresnal boss Arsene Wenger after Barcelona Champions League masterclass | date=6 April 2010 | accessdate=17 April 2010}}</ref> }} [[പ്രമാണം:Lionel Messi Joan Gamper Trophy.jpg|thumb|right|ജൊവാൻ ഗാമ്പർ കപ്പിൽ [[കാമ്പ് ന്യൂ|കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിൽ]] വെച്ച് ബാർസലോണയും [[മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ സിറ്റി FC|മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ സിറ്റിയും]] തമ്മിൽ നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിനിടയിൽ]] [[2009 യുവേഫ സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്]] ജയിച്ചതിനു ശേഷം, താൻ കണ്ടിട്ടുള്ള ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച കളിക്കാരൻ മെസ്സിയാണെന്ന് ബാർസലോണയുടെ മാനേജറായ [[ജൊസെപ് ഗാർഡിയോള]] പറഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2009/08/29/futbol/1251499664.html|title= 'Messi es el mejor jugador que veré jamás'|publisher= El Mundo Deportivo |date= 29 August 2009 |accessdate= 29 August 2009 |language=Spanish}}</ref> സെപ്റ്റംബർ 18 ന് മെസ്സി ബാർസലോണയുമായി പുതിയ കരാറിലൊപ്പിട്ടു. 2016 വരെയുള്ള ആ കരാറനുസരിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ വില €250 മില്ല്യണും വാർഷികവരുമാനം €9.5 മില്ല്യണിന് അടുത്തുമായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html|title=Leo Messi extends his stay at Barça|publisher=fcbarcelona.com|date=18 September 2009|accessdate=18 September 2009|archive-date=2011-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907013314/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8184399.stm|title=Messi signs new deal at Barcelona|publisher=BBC Sport|date= 18 September 2009|accessdate= 18 September 2009}}</ref> ഇതോടെ അദ്ദേഹം [[സ്ലാട്ടൻ ഇബ്രാഹിമോവിച്ച്|സ്ലാട്ടൻ ഇബ്രാഹിമോവിച്ചിനൊപ്പം]] ലാ ലിഗയിലെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ പ്രതിഫലം ലഭിക്കുന്ന താരമായി മാറി. നാല് ദിവസങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം, സെപ്റ്റംബർ 22 ന് റേസിംഗ് സന്റാന്ററുമായി ലാ ലിഗയിൽ നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയും ഒരു ഗോളിന് വഴിവെക്കുകയും ബാർസലോണ ആ മത്സരം 4-1 ന് സ്വന്തമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901|title=Messi and Ibrahimovic put Racing to the sword|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=22 September 2009|accessdate=23 September 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081351/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901|url-status=dead}}</ref> സെപ്റ്റംബർ 29 ന് [[FC ഡൈനാമോ കീവ്|ഡൈനാമോ കീവിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ആ സീസണിലെ തന്റെ ആദ്യ യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ബാർസലോണ 2-0 ന് വിജയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2009/09/29/1530963/barcelona-2-0-dynamo-kiev-messi-pedro-unlock-stubborn|title=Barcelona 2–0 Dynamo Kiev: Messi & Pedro Unlock Stubborn Ukrainians|publisher=Goal.com|date= 29 September 2009 |accessdate=3 October 2009 |last=Leong|first=KS}}</ref> [[കാമ്പ് ന്യൂ|കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിൽ]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ [[റയൽ സരഗോസ|റയൽ സരഗോസക്കെതിരെ]] ബാർസലോണ 6-1 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ലാ ലിഗയിലെ തന്റെ സമ്പാദ്യം ഏഴ് മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നും ആറ് ഗോളാക്കി ഉയർത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739|title=Xavi: All is well at Barca|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=26 October 2009|accessdate=28 November 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081409/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/|title=Barcelona thrashes Zaragoza to go clear at top|publisher=CNN|date=25 October 2009|accessdate=28 November 2009|archive-date=2009-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231144944/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2009 ഡിസംബർ 1 ന് 2009 ലെ [[യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]] ആയി മെസ്സി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. രണ്ടാമതെത്തിയ [[ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യാനോ റൊണാൾഡോ|ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യാനോ റൊണാൾഡോയെ]] ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ വ്യത്യാസത്തിന് (473-233) പിന്നിലാക്കിക്കൊണ്ടാണ് മെസ്സി ഈ നേട്ടം കരസ്ഥമാക്കിയത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8387679.stm|title=Barcelona forward Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or award|publisher=BBC Sport|date= 1 December 2009|accessdate= 1 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/01/2759069.htm|title=Messi wins prestigious Ballon d'Or award|publisher=ABC Sport|date= 1 December 2009 |accessdate= 10 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-a-rare-talent-1831871.html|title=Lionel Messi: A rare talent|publisher=The Independent |date= 1 December 2009 |accessdate= 10 December 2009 | last=Barnett|first=Phil | location=London}}</ref> അതിനു ശേഷം, [[ഫ്രാൻസ് ഫുട്ബോൾ|ഫ്രാൻസ് ഫുട്ബോൾ മാഗസിൻ]], മെസ്സി ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞതായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തി: "ഞാനിത് എന്റെ കുടുംബത്തിനായി സമർപ്പിക്കുന്നു. എനിക്ക് അവരെ വേണ്ടപ്പോഴെല്ലാം അവരുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം എന്നോടൊപ്പമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739|title=Messi takes Ballon d'Or|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=1 December 2009|accessdate=10 December 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081427/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Messi vs Atlante.JPG|200px|thumb|left|മെസ്സി [[2009 ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2009 ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പിൽ]]]] ഡിസംബർ 19 ന് [[2009 ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2009 ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] [[എസ്റ്റുഡിനേറ്റ്സ് ദെ ലാ പ്ലാറ്റാ|എസ്റ്റുഡിനേറ്റ്സുമായി]] [[അബു ദാബി|അബു ദാബിയിൽ]] നടന്ന കലാശപ്പോരാട്ടത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയാണ് ബാഴ്സലോണയുടെ വിജയഗോൾ കുറിച്ചത്. ആ വർഷത്തിൽ ക്ലബ്ബിന്റെ ആറാമത് കിരീടമായിരുന്നു അത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&cc=5739&league=FIFA.CWC|title=Messi seals number six|date=19 December 2009|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=21 December 2009|archive-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091844/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&league=FIFA.CWC&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> രണ്ട് ദിവസത്തിനു ശേഷം, ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യാനോ റൊണാൾഡോയേയും [[സാവി|സാവിയേയും]] [[കക്കാ|കക്കായേയും]] [[ആന്ദ്രേ ഇനിയേസ്റ്റ|ആന്ദ്രേ ഇനിയേസ്റ്റയേയും]] പിന്നിലാക്കിക്കൊണ്ട് [[ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദി ഇയർ]] പുരസ്കാരം മെസ്സി കരസ്ഥമാക്കി. ആദ്യമായായിരുന്നു മെസ്സി ഈ പുരസ്കാരം കരസ്ഥമാക്കിയത്. ഇതോടെ ഈ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിക്കുന്ന ആദ്യ അർജന്റീനക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി മാറി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901|title=FC Barcelona's Messi wins World Player of the Year|date=21 December 2009|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=22 December 2009|archive-date=2012-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081437/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2010 ജനുവരി 10ന് [[സി ഡി ടെനറിഫ്|സി ഡി ടെനറിഫുമായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2010 ലേയും ആ സീസണിലേയും തന്റെ ആദ്യ ഹാട്രിക് നേടി. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അവർ 0-5 ന് വിജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/01/10/1737345/tenerife-0-5-barcelona-messi-masterclass-sees-barca-back-on|title=Tenerife 0–5 Barcelona: Messi Masterclass Sees Barca Back On Top|date= 10 January 2010 |publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=11 January 2010}}</ref> ജനുവരി 17ന് [[സെവിയ്യ FC|സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരെ]] 4-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ ക്ലബ്ബിനു വേണ്ടി തന്റെ 100 ആമത് ഗോൾ കണ്ടെത്താനും മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/catala/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/01/n100117108826.html|title=Messi 101: el golejador centenari més jove|date= 17 January 2010|publisher=fcbarcelona.cat|accessdate=17 January 2010 |language=Catalan|last=Bogunyà|first=Roger}}</ref> അതിനുശേഷം നടന്ന 5 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നായി മെസ്സി 11 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി. [[FC മലാഗ|മലാഗക്കെതിരെ]] 2-1 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ 84 ആം മിനിട്ടിലാണ് ആദ്യ ഗോൾ നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_barcelona-back-on-top-after-2-1-win-over-malaga_1353554 | title = Barcelona back on top after 2–1 win over Malaga | publisher=DNA India | date = 28 February 2010 | accessdate =8 November 2010}}</ref> [[UD അൽമേരിയ|അൽമേരിയക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന മത്സരം 2-2 ന് സമനിലയിൽ അവസാനിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/03/06/1820719/almeria-2-2-barcelona-blaugrana-drop-more-points-at-la-liga | title =Almeria 2–2 Barcelona: Blaugrana Drop More Points At La Liga Summit | publisher=goal.com | date = 6 March 210 | accessdate =8 November 2010}}</ref> ആ ആഴ്ചയിൽ മെസ്സി എട്ട് ഗോളുകൾ നേടിക്കൊണ്ട് തന്റെ ജൈത്രയാത്ര തുടർന്നു. [[വലൻസിയ CF|വലൻസിയക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന ഹോം മത്സരത്തിൽ ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടിക്കൊണ്ടായിരുന്നു തുടക്കം. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ ബാഴ്സ 3-0 ന് ജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://sports.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/sud/story.asp?i=20100314202145360000101&ref=hea&tm=&src=LASOC | title = Messi hat-trick as Barcelona beats Valencia 3–0 | publisher = si.com | date = 14 March 2010 | first = Guy | last = Hedgecoe | accessdate = 8 November 2010 | archive-date = 2011-07-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721125030/http://sports.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/sud/story.asp?i=20100314202145360000101&ref=hea&tm=&src=LASOC | url-status = dead }}</ref> അതിനുശേഷം [[സ്റ്റുട്ട്ഗർട്ട്|സ്റ്റുട്ട്ഗർട്ടുമായി]] 4-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകളായിരുന്നു മെസ്സിയുടെ സമ്പാദ്യം. ആ വിജയം [[2009-10 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]] ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിലേക്കുള്ള അവരുടെ യാത്ര സുഗമമാക്കി.<ref>{{cite news|title = Messi inspires Barca|url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285582&cc=3888|date = 18 March 2010|accessdate = 18 March 2010|archive-date = 2012-10-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081446/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285582&cc=3888|url-status = dead}}</ref> സ്പാനിഷ് ലീഗിൽ [[റയൽ സരഗോസ|സരഗോസക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഒരിക്കൽ കൂടി ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടി. ആ മത്സരം ബാഴ്സ 4-2 ന് സ്വന്തമാക്കി.<ref>{{cite news|title = Real Zaragoza 2 – 4 Barcelona|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/mar/21/lionel-messi-arsenal-hat-trick|work=The Guardian |location=UK |date = 21 March 2010|accessdate =22 March 2010|last=Steinberg|first=Jacob }}</ref> ഇതോടെ സ്പാനിഷ് ലീഗിൽ അടുത്തടുത്ത മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടുന്ന ആദ്യത്തെ ബാഴ്സലോണ കളിക്കാരനായി മാറാനും മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite news|title = Nadie marcó dos ‘hat trick’ seguidos|url = http://www.sport.es/es/?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=698276|date = 23 March 2010|accessdate =23 March 2010|language=Spanish}}</ref> 2010 മാർച്ച് 24 ന് [[CA ഒസാസുന|ഒസാസുനക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന മത്സരം ബാഴ്സലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 200 ആം മത്സരമായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1475100.html | title = Match facts: Barcelona v Inter | publisher=UEFA.com | date = 25 April 2010 | accessdate =8 November 2010}}</ref> 2010 ഏപ്രിൽ 6 ന് [[ആഴ്സണൽ FC|ആഴ്സണലിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനൽ രണ്ടാം പാദ മത്സരത്തിൽ (ബാഴ്സയുടെ ഹോം മത്സരമായിരുന്നു) ബാഴ്സ 4-1 ന് ജയിച്ചപ്പോൾ അതിൽ 4 ഗോളും നേടിയത് മെസ്സിയായിരുന്നു. ഒരു മത്സരത്തിൽ തന്നെ 4 ഗോളുകൾ നേടുന്നത് മെസ്സിയുടെ കരിയറിൽ ആദ്യത്തെ സംഭവമായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2010-04-06-985993008_x.htm | title = Messi scores four as Barcelona beats Arsenal 4–1 |work=USA Today | date = 6 April 2010 | accessdate =8 November 2010 | first = Paul | last = Logothetis}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Wenger-salutes-genius-Messi-after-Barcelona-downs-Arsenal-4-1/articleshow/5769906.cms | title = Wenger salutes genius Messi after Barcelona down Arsenal 4–1] | publisher = India Times | date = 6 April 2010 | accessdate = 8 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100410213756/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Wenger-salutes-genius-Messi-after-Barcelona-downs-Arsenal-4-1/articleshow/5769906.cms | archivedate = 2010-04-10 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ndtv.com/news/sports/messi-scores-4-goals-to-lead-barca-over-arsenal-19363.php | title = Messi scores 4 goals to lead Barca over Arsenal | publisher=NDTV | date = 7 April 2010 | accessdate =8 November 2010}}</ref> ബാഴ്സലോണയുടെ എക്കാലത്തേയും മികച്ച ഗോൾവേട്ടക്കാരനായ [[റിവാൾഡോ|റിവാൾഡോയെ]] മറികടക്കാൻ ഈ മത്സരത്തിലൂടെ മെസ്സിക്കായി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8602344.stm|title=Barcelona 4–1 Arsenal|date=6 April 2010|publisher=BBC Sport |first=Stuart|last=Roach|accessdate=6 April 2010}}</ref> ഏപ്രിൽ 10 ന് ചിരവൈരികളായ [[റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡ്|റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡുമായി]] അവരുടെ മൈതാനത്ത് വെച്ച് നടന്ന ക്ലാസ്സിക്ക് പോരാട്ടത്തിൽ (എൽ ക്ലാസിക്കോ), ബാഴ്സ 2-0 ന് ജയിച്ചപ്പോൾ അവരുടെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ മെസ്സിയുടെ ബൂട്ടിൽ നിന്നായിരുന്നു. ആ സീസണിലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 40 ആം ഗോളായിരുന്നു അത്.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinnott |first=John |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8608571.stm |title=BBC Sport – Football – Barcelona secure crucial win over rivals Real Madrid |publisher=BBC News |date= 10 April 2010|accessdate=12 April 2010}}</ref> മെയ് 1 ന് [[വിയ്യാറയൽ CF|വിയ്യാറയലിനെതിരെ]] അവരുടെ തട്ടകത്തിൽ നേടിയ 4-1 വിജയത്തിൽ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾ മെസ്സിയുടെ വകയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/feedarticle/9056944 |title=Messi double puts Barcelona back on track |work=Guardian |location=UK |date= 21 April 2008|accessdate =2 June 2010 }}</ref> വെറും 3 ദിവസങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം, മെയ് 4 ന്, [[CD ടെനെറിഫ്|ടെനെറിഫിനെതിരായ]] ഹോം മത്സരത്തിൽ നേടിയ 4-1 വിജയത്തിൽ 2 ഗോളുകൾ മെസ്സി നേടി.<ref>{{cite web|author=Spain |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/05/04/1908655/barcelona-4-1-tenerife-blaugrana-go-four-points-clear-of |title=Barcelona 4–1 Tenerife: Blaugrana Go Four Points Clear Of Real Madrid With Home Win |publisher=Goal.com | date= 4 May 2010 | accessdate =2 June 2010}}</ref> മെയ് 8 ന് [[സെവിയ്യ FC|സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരായ]] എവേ മത്സരത്തിലെ വിജയത്തിൽ ലാ ലിഗയിൽ സീസണിൽ തന്റെ 32 ആമത് ഗോൾ കണ്ടെത്താൻ മെസ്സിക്കായി.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/may/09/barcelona-sevilla-la-liga |title=Barcelona survive late Sevilla scare to edge closer to La Liga title |work=Guardian |location=UK |date= 9 May 2010|accessdate =2 June 2010 }}</ref> [[വല്ലാഡോയിഡ്|വല്ലാഡോയിഡുമായി]] നടന്ന അവസാന മത്സരത്തിൽ രണ്ടാം പകുതിയിൽ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾ നേടുക വഴി [[1996-97 ലാ ലിഗ|1996-97]] ൽ [[റൊണാൾഡോ]] സ്ഥാപിച്ച 34 ഗോളിന്റെ ക്ലബ്ബ് റെക്കോർഡിനൊപ്പമെത്താനും മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite web|author=Spain |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/05/04/1907680/barcelona-striker-lionel-messi-could-equal-ronaldos-34-goal-haul- |title=Barcelona Striker Lionel Messi Could Equal Ronaldo's 34 Goal Haul In Primera Liga |publisher=Goal.com | date = 4 May 2010 | accessdate =2 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/378308-messi-chases-ronaldos-goal-record |title=Lionel Messi Chases Ronaldo's Goal Record |publisher=Bleacher Report | date = 14 April 2010 | accessdate =2 June 2010}}</ref> [[ടെൽമോ സറ]] സ്ഥാപിച്ച എക്കാലത്തേയും റെക്കോർഡിന് 4 ഗോളുകൾ മാത്രം പിന്നിലായി സീസൺ അവസാനിപ്പിക്കാനും മെസ്സിക്കായി.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://berita8.com/news.php?cat=20&id=22250 |title=Messi Peroleh Gelar El Pichichi Dan Sepatu Emas |publisher=berita8.com |date=17 May 2010 |accessdate=2 June 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707224237/http://www.berita8.com/news.php?cat=20&id=22250 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2010 ജൂൺ 3 ന് തുടർച്ചയായ രണ്ടാം വർഷവും [[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ ട്രോഫി|പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദി ഇയർ]] പുരസ്കാരം മെസ്സിക്ക് ലഭിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/06/03/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1275550866.html |title=Messi se corona como el mejor jugador de la Liga |publisher=marca.com | date = 3 June 2010 |accessdate =3 June 2010}}</ref> ==== 2010-11 സീസൺ ==== ആദ്യ പാദ മത്സരത്തിൽ 1-3 ന് തോറ്റതിനുശേഷം 2010 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 21 ന് [[2010 സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്|സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പിൽ]] [[സെവിയ്യ FC|സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരെ]] 4-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടി ആ സീസണിനു തുടക്കം കുറിക്കുകയും ബാഴ്സക്ക് ആ സീസണിലെ ആദ്യ കപ്പ് സമ്മാനിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/match/45971/barcelona-vs-sevilla/report Barcelona 4–0 | title = Sevilla: Brilliant Blaugrana Outclass Rojiblancos To Lift Supercopa | publisher=Goal.com | date = 22 August 2010 | accessdate =22 August 2010}}</ref> 2010 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 29 ന് [[റേസിംഗ് സന്റാൻഡർ|റേസിംഗ് സന്റാൻഡറുമായി]] നടന്ന ആദ്യ മത്സരത്തിൽ വെറും 3 മിനിട്ടുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ ഗോൾ നേടി തന്റെ പുതിയ ലീഗ് സീസണിനു തുടക്കം കുറിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു മെസ്സി. [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]] ഗ്രൂപ്പ് ഘട്ട മത്സരത്തിൽ [[പനതിനായിക്കോസ്|പനതിനായിക്കോസിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി തന്റെ മികവ് പ്രദർശിപ്പിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയും 2 ഗോളിന് വഴിവെക്കുകയും (Assist) രണ്ട് വിവിധ അവസരങ്ങളിലെ ഷോട്ടുകൾ ഗോൾപോസ്റ്റിൽ തട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2010 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 19 ന് [[വിസെന്റെ കാൽഡെറോൺ സ്റ്റേഡിയം|വിസെന്റെ കാൽഡെറോൺ സ്റ്റേഡിയത്തിൽ]] വെച്ച് [[അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡ്|അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ 92 ആം മിനിട്ടിൽ അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിന്റെ പ്രതിരോധനിരക്കാരനായ [[തോമാസ് ഉജ്ഫാലുസി|തോമാസ് ഉജ്ഫാലുസിയുടെ]] അപകടകരമായ ഒരു തടയൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ കണങ്കാലിന് പരിക്കേല്പിച്ചു. ആ പരിക്കിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ കണങ്കാലിൽ ഒടിവ് പറ്റിയിട്ടുണ്ടാകുമെന്നും ഏകദേശം 6 മാസത്തോളം കളിക്കളത്തിൽ നിന്നും താരത്തിന് മാറി നിൽക്കേണ്ടി വരുമെന്നുമായിരുന്നു പ്രാഥമിക നിഗമനം. എന്നാൽ ബാഴ്സലോണയിൽ വെച്ച് MRI പരിശോധന നടത്തിയപ്പോൾ വലതു കണങ്കാലിന്റെ അകത്തേയും പുറത്തേയും സ്നായുക്കളിൽ ഒരു വലിവ് അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്നതായി കണ്ടു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada10-11/09/20/n100920113021.html|title=Messi injured|publisher=FCBarcelona.cat|date=20 September 2010|accessdate=22 September 2010|archive-date=2011-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819191725/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada10-11/09/20/n100920113021.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> കളിയുടെ വീഡിയോ കണ്ടതിനു ശേഷം സഹകളിക്കാരനായ [[ഡേവിഡ് വിയ്യ]] പറഞ്ഞു: "മെസ്സിക്കെതിരായ ടാക്കിൾ മാരകമായിരുന്നു", അദ്ദേഹം ഇതും കൂട്ടിച്ചേർത്തു, "എന്നാലത് പരിക്കേല്പിക്കണം എന്ന ഉദ്ദേശ്യത്തോടു കൂടി ആയിരുന്നില്ല".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada10-11/09/20/n100920113025.html|title=Villa on Messi's injury|publisher=FCBarcelona.cat|date=20 September 2010|accessdate=22 September 2010|archive-date=2011-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902035511/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada10-11/09/20/n100920113025.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഈ സംഭവം വളരെയധികം മാധ്യമശ്രദ്ധ നേടുകയും എല്ലാ കളിക്കാരേയും ഒരേ തോതിൽ സംരക്ഷിക്കുക എന്ന വിഷയത്തിൽ ഒരു സംവാദം ഫുട്ബോൾ ലോകത്ത് അരങ്ങേറുകയും ചെയ്തു. പരിക്കിൽ നിന്ന് മുക്തനായ ശേഷം [[RCD മയോർക്ക|മയോർക്കയുമായി]] സമനിലയിൽ (1-1) അവസാനിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഒരു ഗോൾ നേടി. അതിനുശേഷം [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിൽ]] [[FC കോപ്പൻഹേഗൻ|കോപ്പൻഹേഗനുമായി]] ബാഴ്സലോണയുടെ മൈതാനത്ത് വെച്ച് 2-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/es-la/match/50397/barcelona-vs-copenhague/report Barcelona 2–0 | title = Champions: Messi pone al Barcelona como líder de su grupo (2–0) | publisher=Goal.com | date = 20 October 2010 | accessdate =20 October 2010}}</ref> സരഗോസക്കെതിരേയും സെവിയ്യക്കെതിരെയും ഇരട്ടഗോളുകൾ നേടി മെസ്സി തന്റെ ഫോം തുടർന്നു. ആവേശകരമായ ഒക്ടോബറിനു ശേഷം നവംബറിൽ കോപ്പൻഹേഗനുമായി 1-1 ന് സമനിലയിൽ പിരിഞ്ഞ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഗോൾ നേടിയാണ് അദ്ദേഹം തുടങ്ങിയത്. അതു പോലെ [[ഗെറ്റാഫെ CF|ഗെറ്റാഫെക്കതിരായി]] അവരുടെ തട്ടകത്തിൽ 3-1 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലും അദ്ദേഹം ഗോൾ നേടി. മാത്രമല്ല, സഹകളിക്കാരായ [[ഡേവിഡ് വിയ്യ]], [[പെഡ്രോ റോഡ്രിഗസ്]] എന്നിവരുടെ ഗോളിന് വഴിവെക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/es-la/match/47782/getafe-vs-barcelona/report | title = Liga BBVA: Un gol de Messi encarriló el camino a la victoria para los azulgrana en el Coliseo | publisher=Goal.com | date = 7 November 2010 | accessdate =7 November 2010}}</ref> [[വിയ്യാറയൽ CF|വിയ്യാറയലിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ പെഡ്രോയുമായി ചേർന്ന് മെസ്സി നേടിയ ഗോൾ ടീമിന് 2-1 ന്റെ മുൻതൂക്കം സമ്മാനിച്ചു. അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു ഗോൾ കൂടി നേടുകയും ബാഴ്സ 3-1 ന് മത്സരം സ്വന്തമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. തുടർച്ചയായ 7 ആം മത്സരത്തിലായിരുന്നു മെസ്സി ഗോൾ കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്. സ്വന്തം റെക്കോർഡായ 6 മത്സരത്തിൽ ഗോൾ നേടുക എന്നതായിരുന്നു മെസ്സി തിരുത്തിക്കുറിച്ചത്. ആ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകളിലെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ നേടിയതോടെ ഒരു കലണ്ടർ വർഷത്തിൽ (2010) 50 ഗോൾ നേടുകയെന്ന നേട്ടം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ലഭിച്ചു. അടുത്ത ഗോൾ കൂടി നേടിയതോടെ ബാഴ്സലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി ഈ നേട്ടം കൈവരിക്കുന്ന താരവുമായി മാറി മെസ്സി. [[UD അൽമേരിയ|അൽമേരിയക്കെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം സീസണിലെ തന്റെ രണ്ടാം ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടി. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അവർ 8-0 എന്ന മികച്ച എവേ വിജയം നേടി. ഹാട്രിക്കിലെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ സ്പാനിഷ് ലീഗിലെ മെസ്സിയുടെ 100 ആം ഗോൾ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.entradasfcbarcelona.com/?p=3389 | title = Jornada 12 – UD Almería 0–8 FC Barcelona | publisher = www.entradasfcbarcelona.com | date = 20 November 2010 | accessdate = 22 November 2010 | archive-date = 2011-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110710194136/http://www.entradasfcbarcelona.com/?p=3389 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[പനത്തിനായിക്കോസ്|പനത്തിനായിക്കോസിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിലും ഗോൾ നേടിയതോടെ തുടർച്ചയായ 9 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ (ബ്രസീലിനെതിരായ ഒരു സൗഹൃദമത്സരം ഉൾപ്പെടെ 10 മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ) ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന കളിക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി മാറി. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ ബാഴ്സ 3-0 ന് ജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101124/barca-pasa-octavos-ahora-por-madrid/762165.shtml | title = El Barça pasa a octavos... ¡y ahora, a por el Madrid! | publisher = www.sport.es | date = 24 November 2010 | accessdate = 24 November 2010 | archive-date = 2015-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151210195327/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101124/barca-pasa-octavos-ahora-por-madrid/762165.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:RMDvsBAR UCL SF 1.jpg|thumb|300px|upright|മെസ്സി ഒരു ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് മത്സരത്തിൽ [[റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡ്|റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ]]]] നവംബർ 29 ന് ''എൽ ക്ലാസിക്കോ''യിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ തുടർച്ചയായ ഗോൾ സ്കോറിംഗ് അവസാനിച്ചു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും ബാഴ്സ ആ മത്സരം 5-0 ന് സ്വന്തമാക്കി. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി, വിയ്യയുടെ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾക്ക് വഴിവെച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/es/?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=731648&idseccio_PK=1402 | title = El Barça humilla al Madrid con otra 'manita' histórica | publisher=www.sport.es | date = 29 November 2010 | accessdate =29 November 2010}}</ref> [[CA ഒസാസുന|ഒസാസുനക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടുകയും ഒരു ഗോളിന് വഴിയൊരുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101204/barca-sin-bajar-del-autocar/818439.shtml | title = El Barça, sin bajar del autocar | publisher = www.sport.es | date = 4 December 2010 | accessdate = 4 December 2010 | archive-date = 2016-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214005953/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101204/barca-sin-bajar-del-autocar/818439.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> അതിന്റെ തുടർച്ചയായി [[റയൽ സോസിഡാഡ്|റയൽ സോസിഡാഡിനെതിരേയും]] മെസ്സി ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101212/manita-manita-por-liga/856966.shtml | title = De manita en manita se va a por la Liga | publisher = www.sport.es | date = 12 December 2010 | accessdate = 12 December 2010 | archive-date = 2012-03-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120314030018/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20101212/manita-manita-por-liga/856966.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[എൽ ഡെർബി|എൽ ഡെർബിയിൽ]] ബാഴ്സ 1-5 ന് ജയിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി, പെഡ്രോക്കും വിയ്യക്കും ഓരോ ഗോൾ വീതം നേടാൻ വഴിയൊരുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=733024&idseccio_PK=803&h= | title = Messi, 17 goles y 9 asistencias | publisher = www.sport.es | date = 19 December 2010 | accessdate = 19 December 2010 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> 2011 ലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ [[ഡിപോർട്ടീവൊ ലാ കൊരുണ|ഡിപോർട്ടീവൊ ലാ കൊരുണക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന എവേ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഫ്രീകിക്കിൽ നിന്നായിരുന്നു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഒരിക്കൽക്കൂടി പെഡ്രോയേയും വിയ്യയേയും ഗോൾ നേടാൻ സഹായിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ ബാഴ്സലോണ 4-0 ന് ജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110108/otro-recital-campeon/795426.shtml | title = Otro recital de campeón | publisher = www.sport.es | date = 8 January 2011 | accessdate = 9 January 2011 | archive-date = 2016-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214182553/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110108/otro-recital-campeon/795426.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> ബാഴ്സലോണയിലെ സഹകളിക്കാരായ [[സാവി|സാവിയേയും]] [[ആന്ദ്രേ ഇനിയേസ്റ്റ|ഇനിയേസ്റ്റയേയും]] പിന്നിലാക്കി 2010 ലെ ഫിഫയുടെ [[2010 ഫിഫ സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്|സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്]] മെസ്സി സ്വന്തമാക്കി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fifa.com/ballondor/news/newsid=1360028/index.html | title = Lionel Messi wins the first FIFA Ballon d'Or | date = 10 January 2011 | accessdate = 10 January 2011 | archive-date = 2011-08-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110829030351/http://www.fifa.com/ballondor/news/newsid=1360028/index.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> തുടർച്ചയായ നാലാം വർഷമാണ് മെസ്സി ഈ പുരസ്കാരത്തിനായി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/9356019.stm|title=Argentina's Lionel Messi wins Fifa Ballon d'Or award |date=10 January 2011 |accessdate=10 January 2011|work=BBC News }}</ref> പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചതിന്റെ രണ്ടാം ദിവസം [[റയൽ ബെറ്റിസ്|റയൽ ബെറ്റിസുമായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2011 ലെ ആദ്യത്തേയും സീസണിലെ മൂന്നാമത്തേയും ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=734569&idseccio_PK=803 | title = 'Manita' de oro | date = 12 January 2011 | accessdate = 13 January 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[റേസിംഗ് സന്റാന്റർ|റേസിംഗ് സന്റാന്ററിനെതിരെ]] പെനാൽട്ടിയിലൂടെ ഗോൾ നേടിക്കൊണ്ടാണ് ലീഗിന്റെ രണ്ടാം റൗണ്ടിന് മെസ്സി തുടക്കമിട്ടത്.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=735280&idseccio_PK=803 | title = El Barça golea al Racing y mete más presión al Madrid | date = 22 January 2011 | accessdate = 22 January 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> പെനാൽട്ടിയിലൂടെ ഗോൾ നേടിയതിനു ശേഷം അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ ഉള്ളിലിട്ടിരുന്ന ഷർട്ടിൽ എഴുതിയിരുന്ന സന്ദേശം പുറമേ കാണിച്ചു. അതിൽ ഇങ്ങനെ എഴുതിയിരുന്നു: "ഹാപ്പി ബർത്ത്ഡേ മമി".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/26/lionel-messi-fined-mom-happy-birthday_n_814088.html |title= Lionel Messi Fined For Wishing Mother Happy Birthday |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate=26 January 2011}}</ref> [[2010-11 കോപ്പ ദെൽ റേയ്|കോപ്പ ദെൽ റേയ്]] സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ [[UD അൽമേരിയ|അൽമേരിയക്കെതിരെ]] ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടിക്കൊണ്ട് മെസ്സി തന്റെ ഗോൾ സ്കോറിംഗ് പാടവം വീണ്ടും തെളിയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=735563&idseccio_PK=803 | title = 'Manita' de goles y un pie en la final | date = 26 January 2011 | accessdate = 26 January 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ഒരാഴ്ചക്കുള്ളിൽ തന്നെ [[ഹെർക്കുലീസ് CF]] ന് എതിരെ നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=735762&idseccio_PK=803 | title = Hércules sufrió la ira de los Dioses | date = 29 January 2011 | accessdate = 29 January 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ഫെബ്രുവരി 5 ന് കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിൽ അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ 3-0 ന് വിജയിച്ചതോടെ തുടർച്ചയായി ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ലീഗ് ജയങ്ങൾ നേടുന്ന ടീമെന്ന റെക്കോർഡ് അവർ സ്വന്തമാക്കി. അവർ 16 മത്സരങ്ങളായിരുന്നു തുടർച്ചയായി ജയിച്ചത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/02/05/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1296946785.html|title=Barça set 16 wins consecutive league wins|publisher=[[MARCA]].com|language=Spanish|date= 5 February 2011 |accessdate=5 February 2011}}</ref> മെസ്സിയുടെ ഹാട്രിക്കാണ് ഈ മത്സരത്തിൽ അവരുടെ ജയം ഉറപ്പിച്ചത്. മത്സരശേഷം അദ്ദേഹം ഇങ്ങനെ പ്രസ്താവിച്ചു: "[[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ|ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോവിനെപ്പോലെ]] മഹാനായ ഒരു വ്യക്തി സ്ഥാപിച്ച റെക്കോർഡ് മറികടക്കുന്നത് തീർച്ചയായും സന്തോഷമുളവാക്കുന്ന കാര്യമാണ്. ഇത്തരമൊരു റെക്കോർഡ് ഇത്രനാൾ നിലനിന്നുവെന്നു പറഞ്ഞാൽ ആ റെക്കോർഡ് നേടാൻ എളുപ്പമല്ല എന്നു തന്നെയാണ് അർത്ഥം. മോശം സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിലൂടെ കടന്നു പോകുന്ന മികച്ചൊരു ടീമിനെ തോല്പിച്ചാണ് ഞങ്ങളിത് കരസ്ഥമാക്കിയിരിക്കുന്നത്. അതിനാൽത്തന്നെ ഈ നേട്ടം കരസ്ഥമാക്കാൻ വിഷമമായിരുന്നു".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/02/06/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1296948365.html|title=Messi talks about the record|publisher=[[MARCA]].com|language=Spanish|date= 5 February 2011 | accessdate=5 February 2011}}</ref> ഗോൾ നേടാത്ത രണ്ട് മത്സരങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം [[അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ ബിൽബാവോ|അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ ബിൽബാവോക്കെതിരെ]] ബാഴ്സലോണ 2-1 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയാണ് വിജയഗോൾ നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=737389&idseccio_PK=803 | title = Messi saca al Barça de la boca de los 'leones' | date = 20 February 2011 | accessdate = 21 February 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> അടുത്ത ആഴ്ച [[RCD മയോർക്ക|മയോർക്കക്കെതിരായി]] 3-0 ന് ജയിച്ച എവേ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി സീസണിലെ തന്റെ ആദ്യ ഹെഡ്ഡർ ഗോൾ നേടി.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=737818&idseccio_PK=803 | title = El Barça desactiva el 'efecto Laudrup' | date = 27 February 2011 | accessdate = 27 February 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> 1979-80 സീസണിൽ ലാ ലിഗയിൽ തോൽപ്പിക്കപ്പെടാതെ 19 എവേ മത്സരങ്ങൾ പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയ റെക്കോർഡ് റയൽ സോസിഡാഡ് ക്ലബ്ബിനുണ്ട്. ഈ എവേ വിജയത്തോടെ ബാഴ്സലോണയും ആ റെക്കോർഡിനൊപ്പമെത്തി. മൂന്ന് ദിവസത്തിന് ശേഷം [[വലൻസിയ CF|വലൻസിയക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന എവേ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി നേടിയ ഒരു ഗോളിന്റെ ബലത്തിൽ ബാഴ്സ ജയിക്കുകയും ആ റെക്കോർഡ് തിരുത്തിക്കുറിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=738138&idseccio_PK=803 | title = El Barça prende la mecha de la Liga en Mestalla | date = 2 March 2011 | accessdate = 2 March 2011 | archive-date = 2008-10-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081005160120/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44 | url-status = dead }}</ref> മാർച്ച് 8 ന് കാമ്പ് ന്യൂവിൽ വെച്ച് നടന്ന യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ ഇരട്ടഗോളിന്റെ പിൻബലത്തിൽ [[ആഴ്സണൽ FC|ആഴ്സണലിനെ]] ബാഴ്സ 3-1 ന് പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തി. ആ വിജയത്തോടെ അവർ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിന്റെ ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിലേക്ക് മുന്നേറി.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2011/3/8/2038314/fc-barcelona-vs-arsenal-fc-2011-champions-league-lionel-messi-penalty|title=FC Barcelona Vs. Arsenal 2011: Lionel Messi Penalty Puts Barca Ahead |work= SBNation |accessdate=8 March 2011}}</ref> ഒരു മാസത്തോളം ഗോൾ നേടുന്നതിൽ അദ്ദേഹം പരാജയപ്പെട്ടു. എന്നാൽ [[UD അൽമേരിയ|അൽമേരിയക്കെതിരായ]] കളിയിൽ ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടി മെസ്സി തിരിച്ചുവന്നു. അതിലെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ സീസണിലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 47 ആം ഗോൾ ആയിരുന്നു. കഴിഞ്ഞ സീസണിൽ താൻ സ്ഥാപിച്ച റെക്കോർഡിനൊപ്പമെത്തുകയായിരുന്നു ഈ ഗോളിലൂടെ മെസ്സി.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110409/messi-desatasco-barca-antes-del-clasico/968326.shtml|title=Messi desatascó al Barça antes del clásico|accessdate=9 April 2011|archive-date=2016-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324035703/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110409/messi-desatasco-barca-antes-del-clasico/968326.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2011 ഏപ്രിൽ 12 ന് [[FC ഷാക്തർ ഡോണെട്സ്ക്|ഷാക്തർ ഡോണെട്സ്കിനെതിരെ]] നടന്ന ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഈ റെക്കോർഡ് തിരുത്തി. ഇതോടെ ബാഴ്സലോണക്കു വേണ്ടി ഒരു സീസണിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ നേടുന്ന താരമായി മെസ്സി മാറി.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110412/tramite-resuelto-ahora-por-madrid/971705.shtml|title=Trámite resuelto y ahora... ¡a por el Madrid!|accessdate=13 April 2011|archive-date=2016-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214013550/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110412/tramite-resuelto-ahora-por-madrid/971705.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[സാന്റിയാഗോ ബെർണാബു സ്റ്റേഡിയം|സാന്റിയാഗോ ബെർണാബുവിൽ]] വെച്ചു നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ [[എൽ ക്ലാസിക്കോ|എൽ ക്ലാസിക്കോയിലെ]] തന്റെ എട്ടാം ഗോൾ കണ്ടെത്താൻ മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു. ഏപ്രിൽ 23 ന് [[CA ഒസാസുന|ഒസാസുനക്കെതിരെ]] 2-0 ന് ജയിച്ച ഹോം മത്സരത്തിൽ നേടിയ ഗോളോടെ സീസണിൽ 50 ഗോൾ തികക്കാൻ മെസ്സിക്ക് സാധിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ 60 ആം മിനിട്ടിൽ പകരക്കാരനായാണ് മെസ്സി കളത്തിലിറങ്ങിയത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110416/madrid-titulo/976392.shtml|title=Un punto que vale una Liga|accessdate=16 April 2011|archive-date=2016-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213194747/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110416/madrid-titulo/976392.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് സെമി ഫൈനലിൽ ബാഴ്സ, മെസ്സിയുടെ ഇരട്ടഗോളിന്റെ ബലത്തിൽ റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെ 2-0 ന് തോൽപ്പിച്ചു. ഒരു മാസ്മരിക പ്രകടനമായിരുന്നു മെസ്സി ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ കാഴ്ച്ചവെച്ചത്. അതിലെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ (ധാരാളം കളിക്കാരെ കബളിപ്പിച്ചു കൊണ്ട് നേടിയത്) ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിലെ ഈ സ്റ്റേജുകളിലെ എക്കാലത്തേയും മികച്ച ഗോളായി പരിഗണിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110427/messi-puto-amo/986636.shtml|title=Messi es el "puto amo"|accessdate=27 April 2011|archive-date=2016-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324095045/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110427/messi-puto-amo/986636.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html | title = The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in the aftermath of the Clásico series | date = 5 May 2011 | accessdate = 6 May 2011 | work = Sports Illustrated | first = Sid | last = Lowe | archive-date = 2011-05-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[വെംബ്ലി സ്റ്റേഡിയം|വെംബ്ലിയിൽ]] വെച്ച് നടന്ന ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനലിൽ മെസ്സി നേടിയ ഗോൾ അവർക്ക് ആറ് വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ മൂന്നാമത്തേയും മൊത്തത്തിൽ നാലാമത്തേയും ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് കിരീടം നേടിക്കൊടുത്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/13576522.stm|title=Barcelona 3 Manchester United 1|date=28 May 2011|work=BBC Sport |accessdate=30 May 2011}}</ref> ==== 2011-12 സീസൺ ==== [[2011 സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്|സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പിൽ]] [[റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡ്|റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ]] മൂന്ന് ഗോളുകൾ നേടുകയും 2 ഗോളുകൾക്ക് വഴിയൊരുക്കുകയും ചെയ്ത് ടീമിനെ 5-4 എന്ന സ്കോറിൽ വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് നയിച്ചുകൊണ്ടാണ് മെസ്സി ഈ സീസൺ തുടങ്ങിയത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110818/messi-salvo-futbol/1120978.shtml|title=Messi salvó al fútbol|date=17 August 2011|work=Sport.es|accessdate=17 August 2011|archive-date=2012-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413110759/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110818/messi-salvo-futbol/1120978.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[2011 യുവേഫ സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്|യുവേഫ സൂപ്പർ കപ്പിൽ]] [[FC പോർട്ടോ|പോർട്ടോയുമായി]] നടന്ന അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ [[ഫ്രെഡി ഗുവാറിൻ|ഫ്രെഡി ഗുവാറിന്റെ]] ദുർബ്ബലമായ ഒരു ബാക്ക് പാസ് മുതലെടുത്ത് മെസ്സി ഗോൾ നേടി. [[സെസ്ക് ഫാബ്രിഗസ്|സെസ്ക് ഫാബ്രിഗസിന്]] ഒരു ഗോളിന് വഴിയൊരുക്കുകയും കൂടി ചെയ്തതോടെ ബാഴ്സലോണ ആ മത്സരം 2-0 ന് ജയിക്കുകയും സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ് നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110826/super-messi-supercopa-barca/1130917.shtml|title=Súper Messi da la Supercopa al Barça|date=26 August 2011|work=Sport.es|accessdate=26 August 2011|archive-date=2011-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014114258/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110826/super-messi-supercopa-barca/1130917.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഈ കളിക്ക് മുമ്പ് മെസ്സി ഗോൾ നേടാത്ത ഒരേയൊരു ഔദ്യോഗിക മത്സരം സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ് ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110827/futbol-messi-tiene-limites/1131118.shtml|title=El fútbol de Messi no tiene límites|date=26 August 2011|work=Sport.es|accessdate=26 August 2011|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234056/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/20110827/futbol-messi-tiene-limites/1131118.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[വിയ്യാറയൽ CF|വിയ്യാറയലിനെതിരെ]] ഇരട്ടഗോൾ നേടിക്കൊണ്ടാണ് മെസ്സി [[ലാ ലിഗ|ലാ ലിഗക്ക്]] തുടക്കമിട്ടത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/arxiu_partits/lliga/jornada02/Barcelona_Villarreal/partit.html|title=Liga Champions: new and improved version|date=29 August 2011|work=fcbarcelona.cat|accessdate=29 August 2011|archive-date=2011-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102132810/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/arxiu_partits/lliga/jornada02/Barcelona_Villarreal/partit.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[CA ഒസാസുന|ഒസാസുനക്കെതിരേയും]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/arxiu_partits/lliga/jornada04/Barcelona_Osasuna/partit.html|title=Super 8 (8-0)|date=17 September 2011|work=fcbarcelona.cat|accessdate=17 September 2011|archive-date=2011-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101095400/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/arxiu_partits/lliga/jornada04/Barcelona_Osasuna/partit.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡ്|അത്‌ലെറ്റിക്കോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെയും]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/esta-liga-dos-sino-messi-1160317|title=Esta Liga no es de dos sino de Messi|date=25 September 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=25 September 2011}}</ref> നടന്ന രണ്ട് ഹോം മത്സരങ്ങളിലും തുടർച്ചയായി അദ്ദേഹം ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടി. സെപ്റ്റംബർ 28 ന് [[എഫ് സി ബേറ്റ് ബോറിസോവ്|ബേറ്റ് ബോറിസോവിനെതിരായി]] ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിൽ നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ ഇരട്ടഗോളുകൾ നേടിയതോടെ<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/barca-aficiona-las-manitas-1164552|title=El Barça se aficiona a las 'manitas'|date=28 September 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=28 September 2011}}</ref> ഔദ്യോഗിക മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ ബാഴ്സലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോളുകൾ (194) നേടുന്ന രണ്ടാമൻ എന്ന റെക്കോർഡ് [[ലാസ്‌ലോ കുബാല|ലാസ്‌ലോ കുബാലയോടൊപ്പം]] പങ്കിടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/messi-igualo-kubala-1164601|title=Messi iguala a Kubala y afirma que sería "hermoso" superar a César|date=28 September 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=28 September 2011}}</ref> [[റേസിങ്ങ് ഡെ സന്റാണ്ടർ|റേസിങ്ങിനെതിരെ]] ഇരട്ടഗോളുകൾ നേടിയതോടെ ആ റെക്കോർഡ് മറികടക്കാനും മെസ്സിക്കായി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/barca-consolida-liderato-con-otro-recital-messi-1183586|title=El Barça consolida su liderato con otro recital de Messi|date=16 October 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=16 October 2011}}</ref> ബാഴ്സലോണയുടെ മൈതാനത്ത് നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ [[RCD മയോർക്ക|മയോർക്കക്കെതിരായി]] ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടിയതോടെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഗോൾ നേട്ടം 199 ആയി ഉയർന്നു. സ്പാനിഷ് ലീഗിൽ ബാഴ്സലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഗോൾ (132) നേടുന്ന രണ്ടാമനായി മെസ്സി മാറി. കുബാലയേക്കാൾ ഒരു ഗോൾ കൂടുതലായിരുന്നു അത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/messi-responde-otra-vez-1201140|title=1, 2, 3... Messi responde otra vez|date=29 October 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref> ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗിൽ [[FC വിക്ടോറിയ പ്ലസൻ|വിക്ടോറിയ പ്ലസനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ നേടിയ ആദ്യ ഗോളോടെ അദ്ദേഹം ബാഴ്സലോണക്ക് വേണ്ടി 200 ഗോളുകൾ കുറിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ രണ്ട് ഗോളുകൾ കൂടി നേടി മെസ്സി ഹാട്രിക്ക് തികച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/messi-infalible-hat-trick-octavos-1204309|title=Messi es infalible: hat trick... ¡y a octavos!|date=1 November 2011|work=Sport.es |accessdate=1 November 2011}}</ref> ==== 2012-13 സീസൺ ==== സീസണിലെ ബാഴ്സയുടെ ആദ്യമത്സരം ന്യൂ കാമ്പിൽ, റയൽ സോസിഡാഡുമായായിരുന്നു. 5-1ന് ബാഴ്സ ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി 2 ഗോളുകൾ നേടി. ആഗസ്റ്റ് 23ന് ബദ്ധ വൈരികളായ റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ 3-2ന് ബാഴ്സ ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലും പെനാൽറ്റിയിലൂടെ ഒരു ഗോൾ മെസി നേടി.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona vs Real Madrid: 3-2 - Supercopa de España 2012|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/aug/23/barcelona-real-madrid-live-mbm?newsfeed=true|accessdate=24.8.12}}</ref> സൂപ്പർകോപ്പ ഡെ എസ്പാനയുടെ രണ്ടാം പാദ മത്സരത്തിൽ റയൽ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ ഫ്രീ കിക്കിൽ നേടിയ ഗോൾ എൽ-ക്ലാസിക്കോയിൽ (ബാഴ്സലോണയും റയൽമാഡ്രിടും തമ്മിലുള്ള മത്സരം) മെസ്സിയുടെ 15ആമത്തെ ഗോളായിരുന്നു. ഇതോടെ എൽ-ക്ലാസിക്കോ മത്സരങ്ങളിലെ ബാഴ്സലോണയുടെ ടോപ്പ്സ്കോററായി മെസ്സി മാറി.<ref>{{cite web|title=Messi becomes Barcelona's all-time Clasico top scorer with free kick against Real Madrid|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/08/29/3339860/messi-becomes-barcelonas-all-time-clasico-top-scorer-with?source=breakingnews|accessdate=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Real Madrid beat Barcelona to win Spanish Super Cup|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19402668|accessdate=31 August 2012}}</ref> നവംബർ 11 ന് റയൽ മല്ലോഴ്സയ്ക്കെതിരെ നടിയ 2 ഗോളുകൾ 2012 കലണ്ടർ വർഷത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഗോൾ നേട്ടം 76 തികച്ചു. 1958 കലണ്ടർ വർഷത്തിൽ പെലെ നേടിയ 75 ഗോളുകൾ എന്ന നേട്ടം മെസ്സി മറികടന്നു. ഇതോടെ കലണ്ടർ വർഷത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടൂതൽ ഗോൾ നേടിയ ഗെർഡ് മുള്ളറുടെ 85 ഗോളെന്ന സർവകാല റെക്കോർഡിലേക്ക് മെസിക്ക് 9 ഗോളുകളുടെ വ്യത്യാസം മാത്രമായി.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2231433/Lionel-Messi-breaks-Pele-record-reaching-76-goals-2012.html "76 not out: Messi closing in on Muller after breaking Pele's record for most goals in a calendar year"]. Daily Mail. Retrieved 14 November 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/nov/11/barcelona-la-liga-mallorca-messi "Lionel Messi eclipses Pelé with 76th goal of year in Barcelona victory"]. The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2012</ref> ഡിസംബർ 1ന് അത്ലെറ്റിക് ബിൽബാബോയ്ക്കെതിരെ നേടിയ 2 ഗോളുകൾ 2012ലെ ഗോൾ നേട്ടം 84ആയി ഉയർത്തി. മുള്ളറുടെ റെക്കോർഡ് മറികടക്കാൻ 2 ഗോളുകൾ കൂടിമതി. അതോടൊപ്പം മറ്റൊരു റെക്കോർഡ് കൂടി മെസ്സിയെ തേടിയെത്തും. ലാ ലിഗയിൽ ബോഴ്സലോണയുടെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഗോൾ വേട്ടക്കാരൻ എന്ന സീസർ റോഡ്രിഗസിന്റെ 190 ഗോളുകൾ എന്ന റെക്കോർഡിനൊപ്പമെത്താൻ 2 ഗോളുകൾ കൂടിമതിയാകും.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/messi-equals-cesars-record| title = Messi equals César’s record | date= 12 December 2012 | publisher=fcbarcelona.com}}</ref> ഡിസംബർ 9ന് ലോകം കാത്തിരുന്ന ആ നിമിഷമെത്തി. റയൽ ബെറ്റിസിനെതിരെ 2 ഗോളുകൾ കൂടി നേടി മെസ്സി കലണ്ടർ വർഷത്തിലെ തന്റെ നേട്ടം 86ആയി ഉയർത്തി. ഇതോടെ 1972ൽ ഗെർഡ് മുള്ളർ ബയേൺ മ്യൂണിക്കിനും ജർമ്മൻ ദേശീയ ടീമിനുമായി നേടിയ 85 ഗോളുകൾ പഴങ്കഥയായി.<ref>{{cite news|title=Messi sets record of 86 for goals in a year|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/09/us-soccer-spain-messi-record-idUSBRE8B80EO20121209|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=9 December 2012|first=Iain|last=Rogers|agency=Reuters|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172512/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/09/us-soccer-spain-messi-record-idUSBRE8B80EO20121209|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഡിസംബർ 12ന് നടന്ന കോപ്പ ഡെൽ റെ യിൽ കോർഡോബായ്ക്കെതിരെ 2 ഗോളുകൾ കൂടി നേടി 2012 തന്റെ ഗോൾ നേട്ടം 88ആയി ഉയർത്തി. 2012 ഡിസംബർ 23 ന് ഈ നേട്ടം 91 ഗോളുകൾ എന്ന നിലയിലെത്തി.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2247167/Lionel-Messi-stretches-calendar-year-record-Gerd-Muller-taking-tally-88-goals.html "88 and counting... Messi can't stop scoring as Barca striker doubles up to further exceed Muller's record"]. Daily Mail. Retrieved 13 December 2012</ref> ഡിസംബർ 16ന് അത്ലറ്റികോ മാഡ്രിഡിനെതിരെ 4-1 ന് ബാഴ്സ വിജയിച്ചപ്പോൾ 2 ഗോളുകൾ മെസിയുടെ വകയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|title=Messi reaches 90 goals as Barca win|url=http://www.espnstar.com/football/primera-liga/news/detail/item909951/Messi-reaches-90-goals-as-Barca-win/|publisher=espnstar.com|date=16 December 2012|accessdate=17 December 2012|archive-date=2012-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230235918/http://www.espnstar.com/football/primera-liga/news/detail/item909951/Messi-reaches-90-goals-as-Barca-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2012 ഡിസംബർ 18ന് ബാഴ്സലോണയുമായുള്ള മെസ്സിയുടെ കരാർ 2018 ജൂൺ 30 വരെ നീട്ടി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/carles-puyol-xavi-hernandez-and-leo-messi-renew-their-contract-with-fc-barcelona|title=Barça has renewed the contracts of Carles Puyol, Xavi Hernández and Leo Messi|date=18 December 2012|accessdate=18 December 2012|publisher=FC Barcelona Official Website}}</ref> == അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര കളിജീവിതം == 2004 ജൂണിൽ [[പരാഗ്വേ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പരാഗ്വേക്കെതിരെ]] ഒരു അണ്ടർ-20 സൗഹൃദ മത്സരത്തിലാണ് അർജന്റീനക്ക് വേണ്ടിയുള്ള മെസ്സിയുടെ അരങ്ങേറ്റം.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lionelmessi.com/biography/|title=Lionel Messi Biography|publisher=Lionelmessi.com|accessdate=7 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802154715/http://lionelmessi.com/biography/|archivedate=2008-08-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2005 ൽ നെതർലണ്ട്സിൽ വെച്ച് നടന്ന [[2005 ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ്|2005 ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിൽ]] അർജന്റീന ജേതാക്കളായപ്പോൾ ആ ടീമിൽ അംഗമായിരുന്നു മെസ്സി. ആ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിലെ സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്തും സ്വർണ്ണ ബൂട്ടും മെസ്സിയാണ് നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=104/edition=9102/index.html|title=FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=7 July 2009|archive-date=2013-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224230512/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=104/edition=9102/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> അർജന്റീനയുടെ അവസാന നാല് മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നേടിയതടക്കം ആകെ 6 ഗോളുകളാണ് മെസ്സി ആ പരമ്പരയിൽ നേടിയത്. 2005 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 17 ന്, തന്റെ 18 ആം വയസ്സിൽ, [[ഹംഗറി ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഹംഗറിക്കെതിരെയാണ്]] മെസ്സിയുടെ പൂർണ്ണമായ അരങ്ങേറ്റം. 63 ആം മിനിട്ടിൽ പകരക്കാരനായാണ് മെസ്സി കളത്തിലിറങ്ങിയത്. എന്നാൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ ഷർട്ടിൽ പിടിച്ചു വലിച്ച [[വിൽമോസ് വാഞ്ചാക്|വിൽമോസ് വാഞ്ചാകിനെ]] തലകൊണ്ട് ഇടിച്ചു എന്ന കുറ്റത്തിന് റഫറി, [[മാർക്കസ് മെർക്ക്]], 65 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ മെസ്സിയെ പുറത്താക്കി. ആ തീരുമാനം ശരിയായില്ലെന്ന് മറഡോണ പോലും വാദിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_football/4172400.stm|title=Messi handles 'new Maradona' tag|publisher=BBC Sport | date= 22 August 2005 | accessdate=7 July 2009| last=Vickery |first=Tim}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200508/20/eng20050820_203655.html|title=Argentine striker Messi recalled for World Cup qualifier|publisher=People's Daily Online| date= 20 August 2005 | accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> സെപ്റ്റംബർ 3 ന് [[പരാഗ്വേ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പരാഗ്വേക്കെതിരെ]] [[2006 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരങ്ങൾ (CONMEBOL)|ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാ മത്സരത്തിൽ]] 1-0 ന് തോറ്റ എവേ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ടീമിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചു വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. മത്സരത്തിനു മുമ്പായി അദ്ദേഹം പറഞ്ഞു: "ഇത് രണ്ടാം അരങ്ങേറ്റമാണ്. ആദ്യത്തേതിന് നീളം കുറവായിരുന്നു."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739|title=Messi tries again as Argentina face Paraguay|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2 September 2005|accessdate=7 July 2009|archive-date=2011-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224026/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[പെറു ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പെറുവിനെതിരെയാണ്]] അദ്ദേഹം അതിനു ശേഷം അർജന്റീനക്ക് വേണ്ടി കളിച്ചത്. മത്സരശേഷം കോച്ച് ''പെക്കർമാൻ'' മെസ്സിയെ ''ഒരു രത്നം'' എന്നു വിശേഷിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/10messi.htm|title=Messi is a jewel says Argentina coach|publisher=Rediff| date= 10 October 2005 | accessdate=7 July 2009 |last=Homewood|first=Brian}}</ref> 2009 മാർച്ച് 28 ന് [[വെനസ്വേല ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|വെനസ്വേലക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി അർജന്റീനക്ക് വേണ്ടി ആദ്യമായി 10 ആം നമ്പർ ജേഴ്സി അണിഞ്ഞു. അർജന്റീനയുടെ മാനേജരായി മറഡോണയുടെ ആദ്യ ഔദ്യോഗിക മത്സരമായിരുന്നു അത്. മെസ്സിയാണ് കളിയിലെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ നേടിയത്. ആ മത്സരം അർജന്റീന 4-0 ന് സ്വന്തമാക്കി.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739| title = Argentina 4–0 Venezuela: Messi the star turn| date = 28 March 2009| accessdate = 7 July 2009| publisher = Allaboutfcbarcelona.com| archive-date = 2012-10-24| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081458/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739| url-status = dead}}</ref> 2010 നവംബർ 17 ന് [[ദോഹ|ദോഹയിൽ]] വെച്ച് നടന്ന സൗഹൃദമത്സരത്തിൽ ലാറ്റിനമേരിക്കയിലെ അർജന്റീനയുടെ ചിരവൈരികളായ [[ബ്രസീൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ബ്രസീലിനെതിരെ]] 1-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയാണ് അവസാന മിനുട്ടിൽ അർജന്റീനയുടെ വിജയഗോൾ നേടിയത്. വലിയ മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ മെസ്സി ആദ്യമായിട്ടായിരുന്നു ബ്രസീലിനെതിരെ ഗോൾ നേടുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lionel-messi.co.uk/news/magic-messi-leads-argentina-over-brazil.html| title = Magic Messi leads Argentina over Brazil| date = 17 November 2010| accessdate = 19 November 2010| publisher = lionel-messi.co.uk| archive-date = 2013-07-03| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130703082419/http://www.lionel-messi.co.uk/news/magic-messi-leads-argentina-over-brazil.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> 2011 ഫെബ്രുവരി 9 ന് [[സ്വിറ്റ്സർലണ്ട്|സ്വിറ്റ്സർലണ്ടിലെ]] [[ജനീവ|ജനീവയിൽ]] വെച്ച് നടന്ന സൗഹൃദമത്സരത്തിൽ [[പോർച്ചുഗൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പോർച്ചുഗലിനെ]] 2-1 ന് തോൽപ്പിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി അവസാന നിമിഷത്തിൽ നേടിയ പെനാൽട്ടി ഗോളാണ് അർജന്റീനയെ വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് നയിച്ചത്. === 2006 ലോകകപ്പ് === പരിക്ക് മൂലം മെസ്സിക്ക് രണ്ട് മാസത്തോളം കളിക്കളത്തിൽ നിന്നും വിട്ടുനിൽക്കേണ്ടതായി വന്നു. 2005-06 സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ [[2006 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|2006 ലോകകപ്പിൽ]] മെസ്സിയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ഉണ്ടാവുമോയെന്ന സംശയം പോലുമുണ്ടായി. എന്നിരുന്നാലും 2006 മെയ് 15 ന് ലോകകപ്പിലേക്കുള്ള ടീം തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തപ്പോൾ മെസ്സി അതിലുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ലോകകപ്പിനു മുമ്പ് അർജന്റീന U-20 ടീമിന് വേണ്ടി ഒരു മത്സരത്തിൽ 15 മിനിട്ടും അർജന്റീനക്ക് വേണ്ടി [[അംഗോള ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അംഗോളക്കെതിരെ]] ഒരു സൗഹൃദ മത്സരത്തിൽ 64 ആം മിനിട്ട് മുതലും കളിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5047440.stm| title=Messi comes of age|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 5 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009 | last = Vickery | first = Tim }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5023884.stm| title=Argentina allay fears over Messi|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 30 May 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> ലോകകപ്പിൽ [[ഐവറി കോസ്റ്റ് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഐവറി കോസ്റ്റിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന [[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീനയുടെ]] ഉദ്ഘാടനമത്സരം പകരക്കാരുടെ ബെഞ്ചിലിരുന്നാണ് മെസ്സി കണ്ടത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kicker.de/fussball/wm/startseite/artikel/350938| title=Messi weiter auf der Bank|publisher=Kicker.de|date= 13 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009 |language=de}}</ref> [[സെർബിയ & മോണ്ടിനെഗ്രോ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|സെർബിയ & മോണ്ടിനെഗ്രോവിനെതിരായ]] അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ 74 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ [[മാക്സി റോഡ്രിഗസ്|മാക്സി റോഡ്രിഗസിനു]] പകരക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി കളത്തിലിറങ്ങി.ഒരു ലോകകപ്പിൽ അർജന്റീനക്ക് വേണ്ടി കളിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി മാറി. കളിക്കാനിറങ്ങി ഒരു മിനിട്ടിനുള്ളിൽ തന്നെ മെസ്സി [[ഹെർനൻ ക്രെസ്പോ|ഹെർനൻ ക്രെസ്പോയുടെ]] ഗോളിനു വഴിവെച്ചു. 6-0 ന് ജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലെ അവസാന ഗോൾ നേടിയതും മെസ്സി തന്നെയായിരുന്നു. ആ ലോകകപ്പിലെ ഗോൾ നേടുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ കളിക്കാരനും മറ്റാരുമായിരുന്നില്ല. [[ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|ലോകകപ്പിന്റെ]] ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രായം കുറഞ്ഞ ആറാമത്തെ ഗോളടിക്കാരനായും മെസ്സി മാറി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853028.stm| title=Argentina 6–0 Serbia & Montenegro|publisher=BBC Sport |date=16 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> [[നെതർലാണ്ട്സ് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|നെതർലണ്ട്സിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ ആദ്യ പതിനൊന്നിൽ സ്ഥാനം പിടിക്കാൻ മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853328.stm| title=Holland 0–0 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 21 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> [[മെക്സിക്കോ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|മെക്സിക്കോക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന പ്രീ- ക്വാർട്ടർ മത്സരത്തിൽ 84 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ പകരക്കാരനായാണ് മെസ്സി ഇറങ്ങിയത്. ആ സമയത്ത് 1-1 എന്ന നിലയിലായിരുന്നു മത്സരം. വന്ന ഉടനെത്തന്നെ മെസ്സി ഒരു ഗോൾ നേടിയെങ്കിലും അത് [[ഓഫ്സൈഡ്]] ആയി വിധിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. [[എക്സ്ട്രാ ടൈം|എക്സ്ട്രാ ടൈമിൽ]] റോഡ്രിഗസ് നേടിയ ഗോളിൽ അർജന്റീന ക്വാർട്ടറിലേക്ക് മുന്നേറി.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html |title=Rodríguez finds an answer but many questions still remain |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=26 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009 |last=Walker |first=Michael |archive-date=2006-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630153833/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991492.stm|title=Argentina 2–1 Mexico (aet)|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 24 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> [[ജർമ്മനി ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ജർമ്മനിക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന ക്വാർട്ടർ മത്സരത്തിൽ കോച്ച് ഹോസെ പെക്കർമാൻ മെസ്സിയെ പകരക്കാരുടെ ബെഞ്ചിലാണിരുത്തിയത്. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അവർ [[പെനാൽട്ടി ഷൂട്ടൗട്ട്|പെനാൽട്ടി ഷൂട്ടൗട്ടിൽ]] 4-2 ന് പരാജയപ്പെടുകയും ലോകകപ്പിൽ നിന്നും പുറത്താവുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991602.stm|title=Germany 1–1 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 30 June 2006 |accessdate=7 July 2009}}</ref> === 2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക === [[പ്രമാണം:Messi in Copa America 2007.jpg|thumb|right|മെസ്സി [[2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്കയിൽ]]]] 2007 ജൂൺ 29 ന് മെസ്സി [[കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|കോപ്പ അമേരിക്കയിലെ]] ആദ്യ മത്സരം കളിച്ചു. പരമ്പരയിലെ ആദ്യ മത്സരമായിരുന്ന അതിൽ [[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീന]] [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അമേരിക്കയെ]] 4-1 ന് തോൽപ്പിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ കളി തന്റെ വരുതിയിലാക്കാനുള്ള മികവ് മെസ്സി പ്രകടിപ്പിച്ചു. തന്റെ സഹകളിക്കാരനായ [[ഹെർനൻ ക്രെസ്പോ|ക്രെസ്പോക്ക്]] വേണ്ടി ഒരു ഗോളവസരം ഒരുക്കുകയും നിരവധി ഷോട്ടുകൾ ഗോളിന്റെ നേർക്ക് പായിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു മെസ്സി. 79 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ മെസ്സിക്ക് പകരക്കാരനായി [[കാർലോസ് ടെവസ്|ടെവസ്]] ഇറങ്ങുകയും കുറച്ച് മിനിട്ടുകൾക്ക് ശേഷം ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6252156.stm|title=Tevez Nets In Argentina Victory|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 29 June 2007 | accessdate=11 October 2008}}</ref> [[കൊളംബിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|കൊളംബിയക്കെതിരെയായിരുന്നു]] അവരുടെ രണ്ടാമത്തെ മത്സരം. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയെ വീഴ്ത്തിയതിന് ഒരു പെനാൽട്ടി ലഭിക്കുകയും ക്രെസ്പോ അത് ഗോളാക്കി മാറ്റുകയും ചെയ്തു. ആ ഗോളോടെ മത്സരം തുല്യനിലയിലായി (1-1). പെനാൽട്ടി ബോക്സിനു പുറത്ത് വെച്ച് മെസ്സിയെ വീഴ്ത്തിയതിന് ലഭിച്ച ഫ്രീകിക്ക് ഗോളാക്കി മാറ്റിക്കൊണ്ട് [[യുവാൻ റോമൻ റിക്വൽമി|റിക്വൽമി]] അർജന്റീനയെ 3-1 ന് മുന്നിലെത്തിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരം 4-2 ന് അർജന്റീന വിജയിച്ചു. ടൂർണ്ണമെന്റിന്റെ ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിൽ സ്ഥാനം ഉറപ്പിക്കാൻ ഈ വിജയത്തോടെ കഴിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6263888.stm|title=Argentina into last eight of Copa |publisher=BBC Sport |date= 3 July 2007 |accessdate=11 October 2008}}</ref> ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനലിൽ സ്ഥാനം ഉറപ്പിച്ചതിനാൽ [[പാരഗ്വേ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പാരഗ്വേക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന മൂന്നാം മത്സരത്തിൽ കോച്ച് മെസ്സിയെ ആദ്യ പതിനൊന്നിൽ കളിപ്പിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല. 64 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ സ്കോർ 0-0 ൽ നിൽക്കുമ്പോൾ [[എസ്റ്റബാൻ കാംബിയാസോ|എസ്റ്റബാൻ കാംബിയാസോയുടെ]] പകരക്കാരനായി മെസ്സി കളിക്കാനിറങ്ങി. 79 ആം മിനുട്ടിൽ [[ഹവിയർ മഷെറാനോ|മഷെറാനോയുടെ]] ഗോളിന് മെസ്സി സഹായമൊരുക്കി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.conmebol.com/competiciones_evento_reporte.jsp?evento=1055&ano=2007&dv=1&flt=C&id=18&slangab=E|title=Argentina-Paraguay|publisher=Conmebol|date=5 July 2007|accessdate=28 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133942/http://www.conmebol.com/competiciones_evento_reporte.jsp?evento=1055&ano=2007&dv=1&flt=C&id=18&slangab=E|archivedate=2007-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref> [[പെറു ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പെറുവായിരുന്നു]] ക്വാർട്ടറിൽ അർജന്റീനയുടെ എതിരാളികൾ. 4-0 ന് വിജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ റിക്വൽമിയിൽ നിന്നും പാസ് സ്വീകരിച്ചു കൊണ്ട് മെസ്സിയാണ് ടീമിന്റെ രണ്ടാം ഗോൾ നേടിയത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6282908.stm|title=Argentina and Mexico reach semis|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 9 July 2007 |accessdate=11 October 2008}}</ref> [[മെക്സിക്കോ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|മെക്സിക്കോക്കെതിരായി]] നടന്ന സെമി- ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ ഗോളിയായ [[ഒസ്‌വാൾഡോ സാഞ്ചസ്|ഒസ്‌വാൾഡോ സാഞ്ചസിന്റെ]] തലക്ക് മുകളിലൂടെ പന്ത് ഗോളിലേക്ക് തട്ടിയിട്ട്, മെസ്സി, അവരുടെ 3-0 വിജയത്തിൽ നിർണ്ണായക പങ്കുവഹിച്ചു. ആ വിജയത്തോടെ അവർ കലാശപ്പോരാട്ടത്തിന് അർഹത നേടി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6294930.stm|title=Messi's Magic Goal|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 12 July 2007 |accessdate=11 October 2008}}</ref> എന്നാൽ കലാശപ്പോരാട്ടത്തിൽ അവർ [[ബ്രസീൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ബ്രസീലിനോട്]] 3-0 ന് പരാജയപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/6899694.stm|title=Brazil victorious in Copa America|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 16 July 2007 |accessdate=28 May 2009}}</ref> === 2008 വേനൽക്കാല ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് === [[പ്രമാണം:Messi olympics-soccer-7.jpg|thumb|മെസ്സി [[2008 ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്|2008 ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ]] ബ്രസീലിനെതിരായ സെമി- ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ]] [[2008 ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്|2008 ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ]] [[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീനക്കു]] വേണ്ടി കളിക്കുവാൻ മെസ്സിയെ അയക്കില്ല എന്ന് ബാഴ്സലോണ ക്ലബ്ബ് അധികൃതർ പറഞ്ഞിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2510034/Lionel-Messi-out-of-Olympics-after-Barcelona-win-court-appeal-against-Fifa.html |title=Lionel Messi out of Olympics after Barcelona win court appeal against Fifa |work=Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=6 August 2008 |accessdate=27 May 2009 |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629193256/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2510034/Lionel-Messi-out-of-Olympics-after-Barcelona-win-court-appeal-against-Fifa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> എന്നാൽ പുതുതായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട പരിശീലകനുമായുള്ള (ഗാർഡിയോള) കൂടിക്കാഴ്ച മെസ്സിക്ക് ഒളിമ്പിക്സിൽ കളിക്കാനുള്ള അവസരമൊരുക്കി.<ref name="Messi Olympics">{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|title=Barcelona give Messi Olympics thumbs-up|agency=AFP|date=7 August 2008|accessdate=27 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711111228/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|archivedate=2011-07-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹം അർജന്റീനാ ടീമിനൊപ്പം ചേരുകയും [[ഐവറി കോസ്റ്റ് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഐവറി കോസ്റ്റിനെതിരായി]] 2-1 ന് വിജയിച്ച മത്സരത്തിൽ ഗോൾ നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="Messi Olympics"/> അടുത്തതായി നടന്ന [[നെതർലണ്ട്സ് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|നെതർലണ്ട്സിനെതിരായ]] മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ആദ്യ ഗോൾ നേടുകയും [[ഏഞ്ചൽ ഡി മരിയ|ഏഞ്ചൽ ഡി മരിയക്ക്]] ഗോൾ നേടാനുള്ള അവസരം ഒരുക്കിക്കൊടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അർജന്റീന എക്സ്ട്രാ ടൈമിൽ 2-1 ന് ജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/mensolympic/matches/round=250022/match=300051809/summary.html|title=Messi sets up Brazil semi|publisher=FIFA|date=16 August 2008|accessdate=27 May 2009|archive-date=2009-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412024404/http://www.fifa.com/mensolympic/matches/round=250022/match=300051809/summary.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ചിരവൈരികളായ [[ബ്രസീൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ബ്രസീലിനെ]] 3-0 ന് തോൽപ്പിച്ച മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി തിളങ്ങി. ബ്രസീലിനെ തോൽപ്പിച്ചതോടെ അവർ കലാശപ്പോരാട്ടത്തിന് അർഹരായി. [[നൈജീരിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|നൈജീരിയക്കെതിരായ]] കലാശക്കളിയിൽ അവർ 1-0 ന് ജയിക്കുകയും ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് സ്വർണ്ണമെഡൽ നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഡി മരിയ നേടിയ ഏകഗോളിന് വഴിയൊരുക്കിയതും മെസ്സിയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-08-23-860591452_x.htm|title=Argentina beats Nigeria 1–0 for Olympic gold| last = Millward | first = Robert |work=USA Today |date= 23 August 2008 |accessdate=27 May 2009}}</ref> === 2010 ലോകകപ്പ് === അർജെന്റീനയുടെ ഇതിഹാസ താരം ഡിയാഗോ മറഡോണക്ക് കീഴിൽ അർജന്റീന വളരെ കഷ്ടപെട്ടയിരുന്നു ലോകകപ്പിന് യോഗ്യത നേടിയത് എങ്കിലും മെസ്സിക്ക്‌ കീഴിൽ അർജെന്റിന കിരീടം ചൂടുമെന്നു എല്ലാ മാധ്യമങ്ങളും വിശ്വസിച്ചിരുന്നു [[2010 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|2010 ലോകകപ്പിലെ]] അർജന്റീനയുടെ ആദ്യ മത്സരം [[നൈജീരിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|നൈജീരിയക്കെതിരെ]] ആയിരുന്നു. 1-0 ന് അർജന്റീന ജയിച്ച ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സി മുഴുവൻ സമയവും കളിച്ചിരുന്നു. മെസ്സിക്ക് ഗോൾ നേടാൻ ധാരാളം അവസരങ്ങളുണ്ടായിരുന്നെങ്കിലും നൈജീരിയൻ ഗോളി [[വിൻസെന്റ് എന്യേമ]] അതെല്ലാം നിഷേധിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7814324/Argentina-1-Nigeria-0-match-report.html|title=Argentina 1 Nigeria 0: match report|work=Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=12 June 2010|accessdate=12 June 2010|first=Ian|last=Chadband|archive-date=2010-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615193637/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7814324/Argentina-1-Nigeria-0-match-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[കൊറിയ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|കൊറിയ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിനെതിരായി]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിൽ അർജന്റീന 4-1 ന് വിജയിച്ചു. അർജന്റീനയുടെ നാല് ഗോളുകളിലും മെസ്സിയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. മാത്രവുമല്ല സഹകളിക്കാരനായ [[ഗോൺസാലോ ഹിഗ്വയ്ൻ|ഗോൺസാലോ ഹിഗ്വയ്നു]] ഹാട്രിക്ക് നേടാൻ അവസരമൊരുക്കി കൊടുത്തതും മെസ്സി തന്നെയാണ്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7830449/Argentina-4-South-Korea-1-match-report.html|title=Argentina 4 South Korea 1: match report|work=Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=17 June 2010|accessdate=17 June 2010|first=Ian|last=Chadband|archive-date=2010-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620174832/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7830449/Argentina-4-South-Korea-1-match-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> മൂന്നാമത്തേയും അവസാനത്തേതുമായ ഗ്രൂപ്പ് മത്സരത്തിൽ മെസ്സിയുടെ നായകത്വത്തിൽ അർജന്റീന [[ഗ്രീസ് ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഗ്രീസിനെ]] 2-0 ന് തോൽപ്പിച്ചു. ആ മത്സരത്തിലും മെസ്സി തന്നെയായിരുന്നു കളിയുടെ കേന്ദ്രവും കളിയിലെ കേമനും.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7842201/Greece-0-Argentina-2-match-report.html|title=Greece 0 Argentina 2: match report|work=Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=22 June 2010|accessdate=22 June 2010|first=Rory|last=Smith|archive-date=2010-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626124441/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7842201/Greece-0-Argentina-2-match-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> പ്രീ ക്വാർട്ടറിൽ [[മെക്സിക്കോ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|മെക്സിക്കോയായിരുന്നു]] അവരുടെ എതിരാളികൾ. ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ അവർ മെക്സിക്കോയെ 3-1 ന് കീഴ്പ്പെടുത്തി. അർജന്റീനയുടെ ആദ്യ ഗോൾ നേടാൻ ടെവസിന് പന്ത് നൽകിയത് മെസ്സിയായിരുന്നു. അത് വളരെ വ്യക്തമായ ഓഫ്സൈഡ് ആയിരുന്നെങ്കിലും റഫറി ഗോൾ അനുവദിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7855031/Argentina-3-Mexico-1-match-report.html|title=Argentina 3 Mexico 1: match report|work=Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=27 June 2010|accessdate=27 June 2010|first=Ian|last=Chadband|archive-date=2010-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630074421/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7855031/Argentina-3-Mexico-1-match-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ക്വാർട്ടറിൽ [[ജർമ്മനി ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ജർമ്മനിക്കെതിരെ]] 4-0 ന് പരാജയപ്പെട്ടതോടെ അർജന്റീനയുടെ ലോകകപ്പ് യാത്രക്ക് വിരാമമായി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7868494/Argentina-0-Germany-4-match-report.html|title=Argentina 0 Germany 4: match report|work=Daily Telegraph|location=UK|date=3 July 2010|accessdate=3 July 2010|first=Duncan|last=White|archive-date=2010-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706005017/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/news/7868494/Argentina-0-Germany-4-match-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഫിഫയുടെ സാങ്കേതിക പഠന സംഘം നൽകുന്ന ലോകകപ്പിലെ [[ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ് പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്തിനുള്ള]] പത്തു പേരുടെ പട്ടികയിലേക്ക് മെസ്സിയും തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ആ സംഘം മെസ്സിയെ ഇങ്ങനെ വിശേഷിപ്പിച്ചു: "''വേഗതയിലും ടീമിനു വേണ്ടി അവസരങ്ങൾ സൃഷ്ടിക്കുന്നതിലും ഡ്രിബ്ലിംഗിലും പാസ്സിംഗിലും ഷൂട്ടിംഗിലും മെസ്സി സമാനതകളില്ലാത്തവനാണ് - തീർത്തും മികവുറ്റതും കഴിവുറ്റതും''".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1270753/index.html|title=adidas Golden Ball nominees announced|work=FIFA|date=9 July 2010|accessdate=4 September 2011|archive-date=2011-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909010032/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1270753/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2011 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക === [[അർജന്റീന|അർജന്റീനയിൽ]] വെച്ച് നടന്ന [[2011 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|കോപ്പ അമേരിക്കയിൽ]] മെസ്സി പങ്കെടുത്തു. ഗോളൊന്നും നേടാൻ കഴിഞ്ഞില്ലെങ്കിലും 3 അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ നടത്താൻ മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു. [[ബൊളീവിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ബൊളീവിയക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിലും (1-1) [[കോസ്റ്റാ റിക്ക ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|കോസ്റ്റാ റിക്കക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന മത്സരത്തിലും (3-0) കളിയിലെ കേമനായി മെസ്സി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. [[ഉറുഗ്വേ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ഉറുഗ്വേക്കെതിരെ]] നടന്ന ക്വാർട്ടർ ഫൈനൽ മത്സരത്തിൽ പെനാൽട്ടി ഷൂട്ടൗട്ടിൽ പരാജയപ്പെട്ട് (എക്സ്ട്രാ ടൈമിൽ സ്കോർ 1-1) അവർ കോപ്പയിൽ നിന്നും പുറത്തായി. ടീമിനു വേണ്ടി ആദ്യ പെനാൽട്ടിയെടുത്തത് മെസ്സിയായിരുന്നു. അതിൽ ഗോൾ നേടാൻ മെസ്സിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു. === 2018 ലോകകപ്പ് === അർജന്റീനക്ക് ഒരു ലോകകപ്പ് എന്ന ലക്ഷ്യവുമായാണ് മെസ്സി റഷ്യയിലെത്തിയത്. ആദ്യ കളി തന്നെ ഐസ്ലാന്റ് നോട് സമനിലയിൽ പിരിയേണ്ടി വന്നു. കളികിടയിൽ ലഭിച്ച പെനാൾട്ടി അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഗോളാക്കി മാറ്റാൻ സാധിച്ചില്ല. അടുത്ത മത്സരം ക്രൊയേഷ്യയോടായിരുന്നു, ആ മത്സരത്തിൽ തീർത്തും നിറം മങ്ങിയ മെസ്സി 3 ഗോൾ പരാജയമാണ് ഏറ്റുവാങ്ങിയത്. അടുത്ത മത്സരത്തിൽ ജും മാത്രമെ മുന്നോട്ട് നയിക്കൂ എന്ന ലക്ഷ്യത്തോടെ നൈജീരിയയെ നേരിട്ട മെസ്സിയും കൂട്ടരും 2-1 വിജയിച്ചു.. മെസ്സി ഒരു ഗോൾ നേടി മാൻ ഓഫ് ദി മാച്ചായി. പ്രീക്വാർട്ടറിൽ അലസമായി കളിച്ച ഇവർ 2-1ന് മുന്നിട്ട് നിന്ന ശേഷം 4-3 എന്ന സ്കോറിന് ഫ്രാൻസിനോട് അടിയറവ് പറഞ്ഞ് ടൂർണമെന്റിൽ നിന്ന് മെസ്സിയും സംഘവും പുറത്തായി... == ഫുട്ബോളിനു പുറത്ത് == === വ്യക്തിഗത ജീവിതം === മെസ്സിയുടെ സ്വദേശമായ [[റൊസാരിയോ|റൊസാരിയോവിൽ]] നിന്നു തന്നെയുള്ള മകറിന ലെമോസുമായി മെസ്സി പ്രണയത്തിലാണെന്ന് ഒരിക്കൽ പറയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359|title=Lionel me prometió venir a mi cumple de quince después del Mundial|publisher=Gente Online|accessdate=18 June 2009|language=Spanish|archive-date=2013-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127191019/http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vefutbol.com.mx/notas/16849.html|title=Aún le mueve el tapete a Messi|publisher=El Universal|date=19 June 2008|accessdate=18 June 2009|language=Spanish|archive-date=2009-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531053417/http://www.vefutbol.com.mx/notas/16849.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> അർജന്റീനയിലെ മോഡലായിരുന്ന [[ലൂസിയാന സലസാർ|ലൂസിയാന സലസാറുമായും]] മെസ്സിയെ ബന്ധപ്പെടുത്തി കഥകളുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|title=Luciana Salazar y Messi serían pareja|publisher=Crónica Viva|date=19 June 2008|accessdate=18 June 2009|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608003136/http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|archivedate=2009-06-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean"/> 2009 ജനുവരിയിൽ [[ചാനൽ 33|ചാനൽ 33യുടെ]] ''ഹാട്രിക്ക് ബാഴ്സ'' എന്ന പരിപാടിയിൽ മെസ്സി ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞു: "എനിക്ക് അർജന്റീനയിൽ തന്നെ കഴിയുന്ന ഒരു കാമുകിയുണ്ട്. ഞാനിപ്പോൾ വളരെ ശാന്തനും സന്തോഷവാനുമാണ്.".<ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean">{{cite news|url=http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028|title=Messi y Antonella pasean por el Carnaval de Sitges su noviazgo|work=El Periódico de Catalunya|date=25 February 2009|accessdate=18 June 2009|language=Spanish|archive-date=2009-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610003322/http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028|url-status=dead}}</ref> ബാഴ്സലോണ-എസ്പാന്യോൾ ഡെർബി മത്സരത്തിനു ശേഷം [[സിറ്റ്ഗസ്|സിറ്റ്ഗസിലെ]] ഒരു കാർണിവലിൽ വെച്ച് അന്റോണെല്ല റൊക്കൂസോ എന്ന പെൺകുട്ടിയോടൊപ്പം മെസ്സി കാണപ്പെട്ടു.<ref name="Roccuzzo">{{cite news|url=http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html|title=Messi, a dicembre... sogni d'oro|publisher=Calcio Mercato News|date=21 April 2009|accessdate=13 July 2009|language=it|archive-date=2010-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030032522/http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> റൊക്കൂസോയും റൊസാരിയോവിൽ നിന്നു തന്നെയാണ്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html|title=La verdad sobre la nueva novia de Messi|publisher=Taringa|date=24 February 2009|accessdate=18 June 2009|language=Spanish|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327092623/http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> മെസ്സിയുടെ കുടുംബത്തിൽപെട്ട പരാഗ്വേയിലെ [[ക്ലബ്ബ് ഒളിമ്പിയ|ക്ലബ്ബ് ഒളിമ്പിയയിലെ]] വിങ്ങറായ [[മാക്സി ബിയാൻകൂച്ചി|മാക്സിയും]] സ്പെയിനിലെ [[ഗിറോന FC|ഗിറോന FC യിലെ]] മധ്യനിരതാരമായ [[എമാനുവൽ ബിയാൻകൂച്ചി|എമാനുവലും]] ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കാരാണ്<ref name="Último Segundo"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tz-online.de/sport/fussball/tsv-1860/biancucchi-hoert-mir-mit-messi-auf-498339.html|title=Hört mir auf mit Messi!|publisher=TZ Online|date= 20 October 2009 |accessdate=3 November 2009 |language=de|first=Claudius |last=Mayer}}</ref>. === സാമൂഹ്യസേവനം === 2007 ൽ പാവപ്പെട്ട കുട്ടികളുടെ ആരോഗ്യവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനു വേണ്ടി [http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/index.php ലിയോ മെസ്സി ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105231548/http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/index.php |date=2013-01-05 }} എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു സംഘടനക്ക് മെസ്സി രൂപം കൊടുത്തു.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/nuestra-fundacion.php |title=Fundación Leo Messi – Nuestra Fundación |publisher=Fundacíon Leo Messi |accessdate=7 June 2010 |archive-date=2014-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026161133/http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/nuestra-fundacion.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/index.php |title=Fundación Leo Messi – Home |publisher=Fundacíon Leo Messi |accessdate=7 June 2010 |archive-date=2013-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105231548/http://www.fundacionleomessi.org/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ആരാധകരുടെ ഒരു വെബ്സൈറ്റ് നടത്തിയ അഭിമുഖത്തിൽ മെസ്സി ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞു, "ഒരല്പം പ്രശസ്തനായതിനാൽ സഹായം ആവശ്യമുള്ള മനുഷ്യരെ സഹായിക്കാൻ എനിക്ക് അവസരം ലഭിക്കുന്നു. പ്രത്യേകിച്ചും കുട്ടികളെ.".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leo-messi.net/News-entrevistas__6.aspx |language=Spanish |quote="El hecho de ser en estos momentos un poco famoso me da la oportunidad de ayudar a la gente que en realidad lo necesita, en especial los niños" |title=Entrevistas – Lionel Messi |publisher=Leo-messi.net |accessdate=7 June 2010 |archive-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113223205/http://leo-messi.net/News-entrevistas__6.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> കുട്ടിക്കാലത്ത് മെസ്സിക്കും ആരോഗ്യപ്രശ്നങ്ങളുണ്ടായിരുന്നതിനാൽ, ലിയോ മെസ്സി ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ അർജന്റീനയിലെ കുട്ടികളുടെ ആരോഗ്യപരിശോധന നടത്തുകയും ചികിത്സക്കായി സ്പെയിനിലേക്ക് അയക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ചികിത്സാച്ചെലവും യാത്രാച്ചെലവും ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ തന്നെയാണ് വഹിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.leo-messi.net/new-foundation-lionel-messi__921.aspx/ |title=Foundation Lionel Messi |publisher=En.leo-messi.net |accessdate=7 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526123117/http://en.leo-messi.net/new-foundation-lionel-messi__921.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2010 മാർച്ച് 11 ന് മെസ്സിയെ [[UNICEF|UNICEF ന്റെ]] അംബാസിഡറായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_52938.html | title=UNICEF to announce Lionel Messi as Goodwill Ambassador | work=Press centre | publisher=UNICEF | accessdate=30 March 2010 | archive-date=2016-01-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114060457/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_52938.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> കുട്ടികളുടെ അവകാശങ്ങൾ സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനെ ലക്ഷ്യം വെച്ചായിരുന്നു മെസ്സിക്ക് ആ പദവി ലഭിച്ചത്. മെസ്സിയുടെ ക്ലബ്ബായ ബാഴ്സലോണയും ഇതിൽ മെസ്സിയെ പിന്തുണച്ചു. ബാഴ്സയും UNICEF നോടൊപ്പം പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_52938.html |title=Press centre – UNICEF to announce Lionel Messi as Goodwill Ambassador |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |accessdate=7 June 2010 |archive-date=2016-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114060457/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_52938.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === മാധ്യമങ്ങളിൽ === [[PES 2009]], [[PES 2011]] എന്നീ വീഡിയോ ഗെയിമുകളുടെ പുറംചട്ട മെസ്സിയുടെ ചിത്രമായിരുന്നു. ആ കളികളുടെ പ്രചാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങളിലും മെസ്സി പങ്കെടുത്തിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gamezine.co.uk/news/game-types/sports/football/konami-names-messi-as-face-pes-2009-$1234471.htm|title=Konami names Messi as face of PES 2009|publisher=Gamezine.co.uk|date=1 August 2008|accessdate=9 June 2009|archive-date=2010-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529044550/http://www.gamezine.co.uk/news/game-types/sports/football/konami-names-messi-as-face-pes-2009-$1234471.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm|title=Messi|publisher=PES Unites|accessdate=9 June 2009|archive-date=2009-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603173802/http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[PES 2010]] എന്ന ഗെയിമിന്റെ പുറംചട്ടയിൽ മെസ്സിയും [[ഫെർണാണ്ടോ ടോറസ്|ഫെർണാണ്ടോ ടോറസുമായിരുന്നു]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.videogamer.com/news/torres_signs_for_pes_2010.html|title=Torres signs for PES 2010|publisher=Videogamer.com|date=23 June 2009|accessdate=7 July 2009|last=Orry|first=James|archive-date=2018-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622083701/https://www.videogamer.com/news/torres_signs_for_pes_2010.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ഈ ഗെയിമിന്റെ ട്രെയിലറിലും മെസ്സി ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/blog.do;jsessionid=E3F32E431E73A1D6AF0B71D695498692#blog-entry-116|title=Motions and Emotions in Barcelona|publisher=Konami|date=8 June 2009|accessdate=9 June 2009|archive-date=2014-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326094627/http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/blog.do;jsessionid=E3F32E431E73A1D6AF0B71D695498692#blog-entry-116|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/news.do;jsessionid=A2FD1270B2C75DE70A52446CBF821D5A?idNews=411|title=E3 2009: PES 2010: Messi fronts exclusive E3 trailer|publisher=Konami|date=2 June 2009|accessdate=9 June 2009|archive-date=2014-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326094702/http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/news.do;jsessionid=A2FD1270B2C75DE70A52446CBF821D5A?idNews=411|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle|title=MOTD magazine crew meet Messi in Barcelona|publisher=PESFan (Match of the Day Magazine)|accessdate=18 June 2009|archive-date=2013-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192339/http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജർമ്മനിയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കായികോല്പന്ന നിർമ്മാണ കമ്പനിയായ [[അഡിഡാസ്|അഡിഡാസാണ്]] മെസ്സിയുടെ സ്പോൺസർ. അവരുടെ ടെലിവിഷൻ പരസ്യങ്ങളിൽ അതിനാൽ മെസ്സി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/video/2009/may/27/zidane-messi-adidas-ad|title=Watch Zinedine Zidane and Lionel Messi in Adidas ad|work=The Guardian |location=UK |date= 27 May 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2009 }}</ref> 2010 ജൂണിൽ, ലിയോ മെസ്സി ഫൗണ്ടേഷനെ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ഹെർബൽലൈഫ് എന്ന കമ്പനിയുമായി മെസ്സി മൂന്ന് വർഷത്തെ കരാറിലേർപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/herbalife-becomes-new-sponsor-of-fc-barcelona-2010-06-02?reflink=MW_news_stmp|title=Herbalife Becomes New Sponsor|date=2 June 2010|accessdate=7 June 2010|archive-date=2010-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605032823/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/herbalife-becomes-new-sponsor-of-fc-barcelona-2010-06-02?reflink=MW_news_stmp|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2011 ഏപ്രിലിൽ ലോകത്തെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ പേരെ സ്വാധീനിച്ച വ്യക്തികളുടെ പട്ടിക 2011 TIME 100 പുറത്തു വിട്ടപ്പോൾ അതിൽ ഒരാൾ മെസ്സിയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.insideworldsoccer.com/2011/04/lionel-messi-among-times-100-most.html |title= Lionel Messi among Time's 100 most influential people |publisher=inside World Soccer |date= 21 April 2011}}</ref> 2011 ഏപ്രിലിൽ, മെസ്സി, [[ഫേസ്ബുക്ക്|ഫേസ്ബുക്കിൽ]] ഒരു താൾ തുറന്നു. കുറച്ച് മണിക്കൂറുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽത്തന്നെ ആ താളിന് 6 ദശലക്ഷത്തോളം പിന്തുടർച്ചക്കാരെ ലഭിച്ചു. ഇപ്പോൾ ആ താളിന് ഏകദേശം 47 ദശലക്ഷം പിന്തുടർച്ചക്കാരുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.insideworldsoccer.com/2011/04/leo-messi-launches-facebook-page-nets.html |title= Leo Messi launches Facebook page, nets 6m fans in 3 hours! |publisher=inside World Soccer |date= 7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/2017/04/24/lional-messi-the-star-in-win-against-real-madrid.html Lionel Messi]</ref> == കളിജീവിതത്തിലെ സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ == {{updated|29 ഒക്ടോബർ 2011}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2010/01/18/pagina-7/5259184/pdf.html?search=messi 101|title= 'Pichichi' y centenario|publisher=elmundodeportivo|accessdate=17 January 2010 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Argentina">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Player – Lionel Messi |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=29 June 2010}}</ref> === ക്ലബ്ബ് === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|ക്ലബ്ബ് !rowspan="2"|സീസൺ !colspan="3"|[[La Liga|ലീഗ്]] !colspan="3"|[[Copa del Rey|കപ്പ്]] !colspan="3"|[[UEFA Champions League|ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]] !colspan="3"|[[സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്|സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്]] !colspan="3"|[[യുവേഫ സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്]] !colspan="3"|[[FIFA Club World Cup|ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്]] !colspan="3"|ആകെ |- !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ !മത്സരങ്ങൾ !ഗോളുകൾ !അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ |- | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|'''[[FC Barcelona C|ബാഴ്സലോണ സി]]''' |!colspan="2"|[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]] |8||5|| ||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||8||5|| |- !colspan="2"|'''ആകെ''' !8!!5!! ||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||8!!5!! |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''[[FC Barcelona B|ബാഴ്സലോണ ബി]]''' |!colspan="2"|[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]] |5||0|| ||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||5||0|| |- |!colspan="2"|[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]] |17||6|| ||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||17||6|| |- |!colspan="2"|'''ആകെ''' !22!!6!! ||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||22!!6!! |- | rowspan="9"|[[എഫ്.സി. ബാഴ്സലോണ|ബാഴ്സലോണ]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]] |7||1||0||1||0||0||1||0||0||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||9||1||0 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]] |17||6||3||2||1||0||6||1||1||0||0||0||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||25||8||4 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]] |26||14||2||2||2||1||5||1||0||2||0||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||36||17||3 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]] |28||10||12||3||0||0||9||6||1||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||40||16||13 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]] |31||23||11||8||6||2||12||9||5||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||51||38||18 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]] |35||34||10||3||1||0||11||8||0||1||2||0||1||0||1||2||2||0||53||47||11 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]] |33||31||18||7||7||3||13||12||3||2||3||0||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||55||53||24 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]] |37||50||16||7||3||4||11||14||5||2||3||2||1||1||1||2||2||1||60||73||29 |- |[[2012-13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]] |1||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||1||0||colspan=3|—||colspan=3|—||2||3||0 |- !colspan=2| ആകെ !216!!172!!72!!33!!20!!10!!68!!51!!15!!8!!9!!2!!3!!1!!2!!4!!4!!1!!332!!257!!102 |- !colspan=2| കരിയറിലാകെ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |} === അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര മത്സരങ്ങൾ === <ref name="nationalfootball">{{cite news | url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Lionel Messi at National Football Teams |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !ദേശീയ ടീം!!വർഷം!!കളികൾ!!ഗോളുകൾ!!അസിസ്റ്റുകൾ |- |'''[[Argentina national under-20 football team|അർജന്റീന U20]]''' |2005||7||6|| |- |'''[[Argentina national under-23 football team|അർജന്റീന U23]]''' |2008||5||2|| |- !colspan=5| |- |rowspan=8|'''[[അർജന്റീന ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അർജന്റീന]] |2005||5||0||0 |- |2006||8||2||2 |- |2007||10||6||3 |- |2008||9||2||1 |- |2009||10||3||2 |- |2010||10||2||2 |- |2011||11||3||10 |- |2012||4||8||1 |- !colspan=2|ആകെ!!71!!27!!21 |} === അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ഗോളുകൾ === ==== അണ്ടർ 20 ==== :''Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first.''<ref name="rsssf"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html |title=Lionel Messi |publisher=FIFA.com |accessdate=2 February 2011 |archive-date=2015-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629095408/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin:auto;" |- !ഗോൾ !ദിവസം!!സ്ഥലം!!എതിരാളി!!സ്കോർ!!ഫലം!!മത്സരപരമ്പര |- | 1 || 14 ജൂൺ 2005 || [[De Grolsch Veste|ആർക്കെ സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ]], [[എൻഷീഡ്]], നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align="left" | {{fb|EGY}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ്]] |- | 2 || 22 ജൂൺ 2005 || [[യൂണിവ് സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ]], [[Emmen, Netherlands|എമ്മെൻ]], നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align="left" | {{fb|COL}} || '''1'''–1 || 2–1 || 2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |- | 3 || 24 ജൂൺ 2005 || ആർക്കെ സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ, എൻഷീഡ്, നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align=left| {{fb|ESP}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–1 || 2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |- | 4 || 28 ജൂൺ 2005 || [[Stadion Galgenwaard|ഗാൽഗെൻവാർഡ് സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ]], [[യൂട്രെച്ച്]], നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align="left" | {{fb|BRA}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |- | 5 || 2 ജൂലൈ 2005 || ഗാൽഗെൻവാർഡ് സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ, യൂട്രെച്ച്, നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align=left| {{fb|NGA}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |- | 6 || 2 ജൂലൈ 2005 || ഗാൽഗെൻവാർഡ് സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ, യൂട്രെച്ച്, നെതർലാന്റ്സ് || align=left| {{flagicon|NGA}} നൈജീരിയ || '''2'''–1 || 2–1 || 2005 ലോക യൂത്ത് ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പ് |} ==== അണ്ടർ 23 ==== {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin:auto;" |- !ഗോൾ !ദിവസം!!സ്ഥലം!!എതിരാളി!!സ്കോർ!!ഫലം!!മത്സരപരമ്പര |- | 1 || 7 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2008 || [[ഷാങ്‌ഹായ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], ഷാങ്‌ഹായ്, ചൈന || align="left" | {{fb|CIV}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || [[ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് 2008]] |- | 2 || 16 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2008 || ഷാങ്‌ഹായ് സ്റ്റേഡിയം, ഷാങ്‌ഹായ്, ചൈന || align=left| {{fb|NED}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് 2008 |} ==== മുതിർന്ന ടീം ==== {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin:auto;" |- !ഗോൾ !ദിവസം!!സ്ഥലം!!എതിരാളി!!സ്കോർ!!ഫലം!!മത്സരപരമ്പര |- | 1 || 1 മാർച്ച് 2006 || [[സെന്റ്. ജേക്കബ് പാർക്ക്]], [[ബേസൽ]], സ്വിറ്റ്സർലണ്ട്|| align="left" | {{fb|CRO}} || '''2'''–1 || 2–3 || [[സൗഹൃദമത്സരം]] |- | 2 || 16 ജൂൺ 2006 || [[Veltins-Arena|WM-സ്റ്റേഡിയോൺ]], [[ഗെൽസെൻകിർച്ചെൻ]], ജർമ്മനി || align="left" | {{fb|SCG}} || '''6'''–0 || 6–0 || [[2006 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ്|2006 ലോകകപ്പ്]] |- | 3 || 5 ജൂൺ 2007 || [[കാമ്പ് നൂ]], ബാഴ്സലോണ, സ്പെയിൻ || align="left" | {{fb|ALG}} || '''2'''–2 || 4–3 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 4 || 5 ജൂൺ 2007 || കാമ്പ് നൂ, ബാഴ്സലോണ, സ്പെയിൻ || align=left| {{flagicon|ALG}} അൾജീരിയ || '''4'''–2 || 4–3 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 5 || 8 ജൂലൈ 2007 || [[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|മെട്രോപൊളിറ്റാനോ ഡെ ഫുട്ബോൾ ഡെ ലാറ]], [[ബാർക്വിസിമെറ്റോ]], വെനിസ്വേല || align="left" | {{fb|PER}} || '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || [[2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക]] |- | 6 || 11 ജൂലൈ 2007 || [[പോളിഡിപോർട്ടീവോ കചമയ്]], [[പ്യൂർട്ടോ ഓർഡാസ്]], വെനെസ്വേല || align="left" | {{fb|MEX}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 || 2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക |- | 7 || 16 ഒക്ടോബർ 2007 || [[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|ഹോസെ പാചെഞ്ചോ റൊമേറോ]], [[മറകായ്ബോ]], വെനിസ്വേല || align="left" | {{fb|VEN}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം]] |- | 8 || 20 നവംബർ 2007 || [[എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ എൽ കാമ്പിൻ]], [[ബൊഗോട്ട]], കൊളംബിയ || align="left" | {{flagicon|COL}} [[കൊളംബിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|കൊളംബിയ]] || '''1'''–0 || 1–2 || 2010 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം |- | 9 || 4 ജൂൺ 2008 || [[ക്വാൽക്കം സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], സാൻ ഡിയാഗോ, അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ || align="left" | {{flagicon|MEX}} മെക്സിക്കോ || '''2'''–0 || 4–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 10 || 11 ഒക്ടോബർ 2008 || [[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ മൊനുമെന്റൽ]], ബ്യൂണസ് അയേഴ്സ്, അർജന്റീന || align="left" | {{fb|URU}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || 2010 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം |- | 11 || 11 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2009 || [[സ്റ്റേഡ് വെലോഡ്രോം]], [[മാഴ്സെലി]], ഫ്രാൻസ് || align="left" | {{fb|FRA}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 12 || 28 മാർച്ച് 2009 || എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ മൊനുമെന്റൽ, ബ്യൂണസ് അയേഴ്സ്, അർജന്റീന || align=left| {{flagicon|VEN}} വെനിസ്വേല || '''1'''–0 || 4–0 || 2010 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം |- | 13 || 14 നവംബർ 2009 || [[വിസെന്റെ കാൽഡെറോൺ സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], മാഡ്രിഡ്, സ്പെയിൻ || align="left" | {{fb|ESP}} || '''1'''–1 || 1–2 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 14 || 7 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2010 || എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ മൊനുമെന്റൽ, ബ്യൂണസ് അയേഴ്സ്, അർജന്റീന || align=left| {{flagicon|ESP}} സ്പെയിൻ || '''1'''–0 || 4–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 15 || 17 നവംബർ 2010 || [[ഖലീഫ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര സ്റ്റേഡിയം]], [[ദോഹ]], ഖത്തർ || align="left" | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[ബ്രസീൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ബ്രസീൽ]] || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 16 || 9 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2011 || [[സ്റ്റേഡ് ഡെ ജനീവ]], ജനീവ, സ്വിറ്റ്സർലണ്ട് || align="left" | {{flagicon|POR}} [[പോർച്ചുഗൽ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|പോർച്ചുഗൽ]]|| '''2'''–1 || 2–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 17 || 20 ജൂൺ 2011 || എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ മൊനുമെന്റൽ, ബ്യൂണസ് അയേഴ്സ്, അർജന്റീന || align=left| {{flagicon|ALB}} [[അൽബേനിയ ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|അൽബേനിയ]]|| '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 18 || 07 ഒക്ടോബർ 2011 || എസ്റ്റാഡിയോ മൊനുമെന്റൽ, ബ്യൂണസ് അയേഴ്സ്, അർജന്റീന || align=left| {{flagicon|CHI}} [[ചിലി ദേശീയ ഫുട്ബോൾ ടീം|ചിലി]]|| '''2'''–0 || 4–1 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം]] |- | 19. || 15 നവംബർ 2011 || [[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]], [[Barranquilla]], Colombia || align="left" | {{fb|COL}} || '''1'''–1 || 2–1 || 2014 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം |- | 20. || 29 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2012 || [[Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], Switzerland || {{fb|SUI}} || '''1'''–0 || 3–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 21. || 29 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2012 || Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf, Bern, Switzerland || {{fb|SUI}} || '''2'''–1 || 3–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 22. || 29 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2012 || Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf, Bern, Switzerland || {{fb|SUI}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 23. || 2 ജൂൺ 2012 || Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina || align=left| {{fb|ECU}} || '''3'''–0 || 4–0 || 2014 ലോകകപ്പ് യോഗ്യതാമത്സരം |- | 24. || 9 ജൂൺ 2012 || [[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], United States || align="left" | {{fb|BRA}} || '''1'''–1 || 4–3 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 25. || 9 ജൂൺ 2012 || MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, United States || align=left| {{fb|BRA}} || '''2'''–1 || 4–3 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 26. || 9 ജൂൺ 2012 || MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, United States || align=left| {{fb|BRA}} || '''4'''–3 || 4–3 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |- | 27. || 15 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 2012 || [[Commerzbank-Arena]], [[Frankfurt]], Germany || align="left" | {{fb|GER}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–1 || സൗഹൃദമത്സരം |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും ബഹുമതികളും == === ക്ലബ്ബ് === ;ബാഴ്സലോണ *'''[[ലാ ലിഗ]]: 5''' :: [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]],2018-19 :: *'''[[കോപ്പ ദെൽ റെയ്]]: 1''' :: [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]] *'''[[സ്പാനിഷ് സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്]]: 5''' :: [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]] *'''[[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്]]: 3''' :: [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]] *'''[[യുവേഫ സൂപ്പർ കപ്പ്]]: 2''' :: [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]] *'''[[ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്]]: 1''' :: [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|2009]] === അർജന്റീMKന === *'''[[Fifa Word cup runners]]:1''' *'''[[Copa america runners]]:5''' *'''[[ഫിഫ U-20 ലോകകപ്പ്]]: 1''' :: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005]] *'''[[ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്|ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് സ്വർണ്ണ മെഡൽ]]: 1''' :: [[ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് 2008|2008]] *'''[[കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക]]: 1''' :: [[2022 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|2022]] *'''[[ഫൈനലിസ്സീമ]]: 1''' :: [[2022 ഫൈനലിസ്സീമ|2022]] *'''[[ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പ് കപ്പ്]]: 1''' :: [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] === വ്യക്തിഗതം === {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} *'''[[ഫിഫ സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്]]: 1''' :: [[2010 ഫിഫ സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്|2010]] *'''[[യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്]]: 1''' :: [[യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ 2009|2009]] *'''[[ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[2009 ഫിഫ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2009]] *'''[[FIFA|ഫിഫ ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[FIFA|2008]], [[FIFA|2009]], [[FIFA|2010]] *'''[[ബ്രാവോ പുരസ്കാരം|U-21 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[ബ്രാവോ പുരസ്കാരം|2007]] *'''[[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ ട്രോഫി|ലാ ലിഗ പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ ട്രോഫി|2009]], [[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ ട്രോഫി|2010]], [[ആൽഫ്രഡോ ഡി സ്റ്റെഫാനോ ട്രോഫി|2011]] *'''[[പിച്ചിച്ചി ട്രോഫി|ലാ ലിഗ് ടോപ്പ് ഗോൾ സ്കോറർ]]: 1''' :: [[പിച്ചിച്ചി ട്രോഫി|2010]] *'''[[കോപ്പ ദെൽ റെയ്|കോപ്പ ദെൽ റെയ് ടോപ്പ് ഗോൾ സ്കോറർ]]: 1''' :: [[2010–11 കോപ്പ ദെൽ റെയ്|2011]] *'''[[ഡോൺ ബാലൺ പുരസ്കാരം|ലാ ലിഗ ഫോറിൻ പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[ഡോൺ ബാലൺ പുരസ്കാരം|2007]], [[ഡോൺ ബാലൺ പുരസ്കാരം|2009]], [[ഡോൺ ബാലൺ പുരസ്കാരം|2010]] *'''[[EFE ട്രോഫി|ലാ ലിഗ Ibero-American പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 4''' :: [[EFE ട്രോഫി|2007]], [[EFE ട്രോഫി|2009]], [[EFE ട്രോഫി|2010]], [[EFE ട്രോഫി|2011]] *'''[[യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ]]: 5''' :: [[2009–10 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ|2010]], [[2011–12 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ|2012]], [[2012–13 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ|2013]], [[2016–17 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ|2017]], [[2017-18 യൂറോപ്യൻ ഗോൾഡൻ ഷൂ|2018]] *'''[[List of UEFA Champions League top scorers|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ടോപ്പ് ഗോൾ സ്കോറർ]]: 3''' :: [[2008–09 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|2009]], [[2009–10 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|2010]], [[2010–11 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ്|2011]] *'''[[യുവേഫ ബെസ്റ്റ് പ്ലെയർ ഇൻ യൂറോപ്പ്]]: 1''' :: [[യുവേഫ ബെസ്റ്റ് പ്ലെയർ ഇൻ യൂറോപ്പ്|2011]] *'''[[യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2009]] *'''[[യുവേഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ഫുട്ബോൾ പുരസ്കാരം|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫോർവേഡ് ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ബെസ്റ്റ് ഫോർവേഡ്|2009]] *'''[[2011 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ- കളിയിലെ കേമൻ]]: 1''' :: [[2011 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ|2011]] *'''[[2009 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ|യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ- കളിയിലെ കേമൻ (ആരാധകർ തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തത്)]]: 2''' :: [[2009 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ|2009]], [[2011 യുവേഫ ചാമ്പ്യൻസ് ലീഗ് ഫൈനൽ|2011]] *'''[[യുവേഫ ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[യുവേഫ ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2008]], [[യുവേഫ ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2009]], [[യുവേഫ ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2010]] *'''[[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന]]: 5''' :: [[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന|2005]], [[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന|2007]], [[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന|2008]], [[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന|2009]], [[ഫുട്ബോളർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ ഓഫ് അർജന്റീന|2010]] {{col-2}} *'''[[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 2''' :: [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2009]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ|2010]] *'''[[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് യങ്ങ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|2006]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|2007]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|2008]] *'''[[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|ഫിഫ്പ്രോ സ്പെഷൽ യങ്ങ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 2''' :: [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|2007]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|2008]] *'''[[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ|ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് XI]]: 4''' :: [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് XI|2007]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് XI|2008]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് XI|2009]], [[ഫിഫ്പ്രോ വേൾഡ് XI|2010]] *'''[[ഫിഫ U-20 ലോകകപ്പ്|ഫിഫ U-20 ലോകകപ്പ്- പരമ്പരയിലെ കേമൻ]]: 1''' :: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Awards|2005]] *'''[[ഫിഫ U-20 ലോകകപ്പ്|ഫിഫ U-20 ലോകകപ്പ് ടോപ്പ് ഗോൾ സ്കോറർ]]: 1''' :: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Awards|2005]] *'''[[കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക യങ്ങ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ടൂർണ്ണമെന്റ്]]: 1''' :: [[2007 കോപ്പ അമേരിക്ക|2007]] *'''[[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ (മാസിക)|വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|2009]] *'''[[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ (മാസിക)|വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ യങ്ങ് പ്ലെയർ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 3''' :: [[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|2006]], [[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|2007]], [[വേൾഡ് സോക്കർ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|2008]] *'''[[ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്|ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ് സ്വർണ്ണപ്പന്ത്]]: 1''' :: [[2009 ഫിഫ ക്ലബ്ബ് ലോകകപ്പ്|2009]] *'''[[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|ESM ടീം ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 5''' :: [[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|2005–06]], [[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|2007–08]], [[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|2008–09]], [[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|2009–10]], [[യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പോർട്സ് മാഗസീൻസ്|2010–11]] <!-- unsourced / uncertain notability--> *'''[[Onze d'Or]]: 2''' :: [[Onze d'Or|2009]], [[Onze d'Or|2010]] *'''[[ബ്രാവോ പുരസ്കാരം]]: 1''' :: [[ബ്രാവോ പുരസ്കാരം|2007]] *'''[[Tuttosport|Tuttosport Golden Boy]]: 1''' :: [[Tuttosport|2005]] *'''[[Marca Leyenda]]: 1''' :: [[Marca Leyenda#The list of winners|2009]] *'''[[യുവേഫ|യുവേഫ ബെസ്റ്റ് ഗോൾ ഓഫ് ദ ഇയർ]]: 1''' :: [[യുവേഫ|2007]] {{col-end}} == ചിത്രശാല == <gallery> പ്രമാണം:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|കളിക്കുന്നതിനിടെ പ്രമാണം:Lionel Messi Barca training.jpg|പരിശീലനത്തിൽ പ്രമാണം:Argentina team in St. Petersburg (cropped) Messi.jpg പ്രമാണം:Lionel Messi NE Revolution Inter Miami 7.9.25-055.jpg|2026 ൽ മെസ്സി </gallery> == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == == അവലംബം == <references /> ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *{{Official website|http://www.leomessi.com/}} {{In lang|ca}} {{In lang|en}} {{In lang|es}} *{{fb link|LeoMessi}} *[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html FC Barcelona profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024200023/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_11-12/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html |date=2011-10-24 }} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1753.html BDFutbol profile] *[http://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/en/lionel-messi/leistungsdaten/spieler_28003.html Transfermarkt profile] *{{soccerbase|39850}} *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN *{{Nfteams|id=12563}} *{{FIFA player|229397}} *{{UEFA player|95803}} *[https://soccermalayalam-in.blogspot.com/2020/11/-lionel-messi-story-in-malayalam.html ലയണൽ മെസ്സി] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711230058/https://soccermalayalam-in.blogspot.com/2020/11/-lionel-messi-story-in-malayalam.html |date=2022-07-11 }} at [https://soccermalayalam-in.blogspot.com soccermalayalam.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711231401/https://soccermalayalam-in.blogspot.com/ |date=2022-07-11 }} {{Navboxes colour |title= Awards |bg= gold |list1= {{s-start}} {{s-ach}} {{succession box|title=[[FIFPro|FIFPro&nbsp;Young&nbsp;Player&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Year]]|before= [[Wayne Rooney]]|after=''Incumbent''|years=2006, 2007, 2008}} {{succession box|title=[[FIFPro#Awards|FIFPro&nbsp;Special Young&nbsp;Player&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Year]]|before= [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]|after= [[Sergio Agüero]]|years=2007, 2008}} {{succession box|title=[[List of UEFA Champions League top scorers|UEFA Champions League top scorer]]|before= [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |after=Incumbent|years=[[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|2009–10]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]]}} {{S-end}} {{FIFA Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA World Player of the Year winners}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}} {{FIFPro World Player of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup Golden Ball}} {{Argentine Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} {{Adidas Golden Shoe}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title= Argentina squads |bg=#74ACDF |fg=white |bordercolor=black |list1= {{Argentina Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina Squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Argentina Squad 2010 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2011 Copa América}} }} {{FC Barcelona squad}} <references group="lower-greek"/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1987-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജൂൺ 24-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2006 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പിലെ കളിക്കാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2010 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പിലെ കളിക്കാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2014 ഫിഫ ലോകകപ്പിലെ കളിക്കാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അർജന്റീനൻ ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കാർ]] 27nbeuf1i38cmtktufteixjgen81tyo 0 49047 4644288 4558349 2026-07-08T02:38:49Z Malikaveedu 16584 /* ജീവിതരേഖ */ 4644288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|M.G.Soman}} {{Infobox person | name = എം.ജി. സോമൻ | image = M G Soman.jpg | caption = | birth_name = എം.ജി സോമശേഖരൻ നായർ <ref name="cinidiary1">{{cite web |url=http://cinidiary.com/peopleinfo.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=3&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter=S |title=CiniDiary |publisher=CiniDiary |date= |accessdate=15 January 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708155033/http://cinidiary.com/peopleinfo.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=3&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter=S |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|1941|09|28}} | birth_place = [[തിരുമൂലപുരം]] [[തിരുവല്ല]], [[പത്തനംതിട്ട]], [[കേരളം]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1997|12|12|1941|9|28}} | death_place = [[കൊച്ചി]], [[കേരളം]] | awards = | children = സജി സോമൻ, സിന്ധു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13010616&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2019-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234319/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13010616&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | nationality = ഭാരതീയൻ | occupation = നടൻ, നിർമ്മാതാവ് | parents = കെ.എൻ ഗോവിന്ദപ്പണിക്കർ<br>പി.കെ ഭവാനിയമ്മ<ref name="cinidiary1"/> | relatives = | website = | spouse = സുജാത | domesticpartner = | yearsactive = | restingplacecoordinates = | influences = | influenced = | restingplace = | othername = }} ഒരു [[മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം|മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്ര]] നടനായിരുന്നു '''''എം.ജി. സോമൻ''''' ([[English|English:]] [[:en:M. G. Soman|M. G. Soman]]) (ജീവിതകാലം: സെപ്റ്റംബർ 28, [[1941]] - [[ഡിസംബർ 12]], [[1997]]<ref name="red-dt">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/dec/13soman.htm|title=Noted actor Soman dead|date=2009 ജൂലൈ 12|publisher=Rediff.com|language=en|accessdate=2009-07-12}}</ref>). എഴുപതുകളിൽ [[സുകുമാരൻ]], [[ജയൻ]] എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ നായകവേഷം കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്ത നടനായിരുന്നു ഇദ്ദേഹം. 24 വർഷത്തെ സിനിമാ ജീവിതത്തിൽ ഏകദേശം നാനൂറോളം ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ അദ്ദേഹം അഭിനയിച്ചിരുന്നു. ആദ്യമായി [[വടക്കേ അമേരിക്ക|വടക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിൽ]] ചിത്രീകരിച്ച '[[ഏഴാം കടലിനക്കരെ]]' എന്ന മലയാളചിത്രത്തിലെ നായകനായിരുന്നു സോമൻ. <ref name="test12">[https://m3db.com/film/2013]ഏഴാം കടലിനക്കരെ</ref> == ജീവിതരേഖ == [[തിരുവല്ല]] [[തിരുമൂലപുരം]] മണ്ണടിപ്പറമ്പിൽ കെ. എൻ. ഗോവിന്ദപ്പണിക്കരുടെയും പി. കെ. ഭവാനിയമ്മയുടെയും മകനായി 1941 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 28-നാണ് എം.ജി.സോമശേഖരൻ നായർ എന്ന എം.ജി. സോമൻ ജനിച്ചത്.<ref name="malayalam.webdunia.com">{{cite news|url=http://malayalam.webdunia.com/entertainment/film/profile/0710/28/1071028026_1.htm|title=സോമൻ:അസ്തമിക്കാത്ത നാട്യനിറവ്|first=എ.|last=ചന്ദ്രശേഖരൻ|access-date=5 May 2019|language=ml|work=Malayalam News|publisher=Webdunia}}</ref> വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിനുശേഷം 20 വയസ്സ് തികയുന്നതിനു മുൻപ് [[ഇന്ത്യൻ എയർ ഫോഴ്സ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ എയർ ഫോഴ്സിൽ]] ജോലിക്കുചേർന്നു. [[വ്യോമസേന|വ്യോമസേനയിൽ]] ഒൻപതു വർഷത്തെ സേവനം കഴിഞ്ഞു തിരിച്ചെത്തിയതിന് ശേഷമാണ് അദ്ദേഹം അഭിനയരംഗത്തേക്ക് കടന്നത്. ഇരുവള്ളിപ്ര സെന്റ് തോമസ് ഹൈസ്കൂളിലും [[ചങ്ങനാശേരി എസ്.ബി. കോളജ്|ചങ്ങനാശേരി എസ്.ബി കോളജിലുമായിരുന്നു]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം. സുജാതയാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പത്നി.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/127505|title=സോമേട്ടൻ മരണം പ്രവചിച്ചിരുന്നു|date=11 December 2013|access-date=5 May 2019|work=[[Mangalam.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215155221/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/127505|archive-date=15 December 2013|language=ml}}</ref> സോമൻ ചലച്ചിത്രരംഗത്ത് വരുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് 1968-ലായിരുന്നു ഇവരുടെ വിവാഹം. സോമന് ഒരു മകനും മകളുമുണ്ട്. മകൾ സിന്ധു കുടുംബമായി കഴിയുന്നു. മകൻ സജി സോമൻ ഏതാനും ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ===അഭിനയജീവിതം=== [[നാടകം|നാടകത്തിലൂടെയാണ്]] എം.ജി.സോമൻ അഭിനയം ആരംഭിച്ചത്.<ref name="janam1"/> 1970-ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ [[വ്യോമസേന|വ്യോമസേന]]<nowiki/>യിൽ നിന്നു വിരമിച്ച സോമൻ 1972 മുതൽ നാടകരംഗത്തുണ്ട്. [[കൊട്ടാരക്കര ശ്രീധരൻ നായർ|കൊട്ടാരക്കര ശ്രീധരൻ നായരുടെ]] സംഘത്തിലും കായംകുളം കേരള ആർട്സ് തിയേറ്റേഴ്സിലും സജീവമായിരുന്നു. ഇടയ്ക്കൊക്കെ അമച്വർ നാടകങ്ങളിലും അഭിനയിച്ചിരുന്നു. [[മലയാറ്റൂർ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ|മലയാറ്റൂർ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ]] രചിച്ച [[ഗായത്രി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗായത്രി]] എന്ന സിനിമയിലെ വേഷത്തിന് ആളെ തിരയുന്ന സമയത്ത് കേരള ആർട്സ് തിയേറ്റേഴ്സിന്റെ രാമരാജ്യം എന്ന നാടകം കണ്ട [[മലയാറ്റൂർ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ|മലയാറ്റൂർ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻറെ]] ഭാര്യ വേണിയാണ് ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ സോമനെ നായകനായി നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചത്. 1973-ൽ റിലീസായ ഗായത്രിയിൽ ദിനേശ് എന്ന പേരിലാണ് സോമൻ അഭിനയിച്ചത്. രാജാമണി എന്ന ബ്രാഹ്മണ യുവാവിന്റെ വേഷമാണ് ചിത്രത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം അവതരിപ്പിച്ചത്. [[ചുക്ക്]], [[മാധവിക്കുട്ടി]] എന്നീ ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങളിലും അതേ വർഷം സോമൻ അഭിനയിച്ചു. 1975-ൽ സഹനടനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡും ([[ചുവന്ന സന്ധ്യകൾ]], [[സ്വപ്നാടനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സ്വപ്നാടനം]]) 1976-ൽ [[മികച്ച നടനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം നേടിയവരുടെ പട്ടിക|മികച്ച നടനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡും]] ([[തണൽ]], [[പല്ലവി]]) അദ്ദേഹം നേടി. 1977-ൽ മാത്രം 47 ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചു. [[ചട്ടക്കാരി |ചട്ടക്കാരിയിലെ]] റിച്ചാർഡ്, [[ഇതാ ഇവിടെ വരെ|ഇതാ ഇവിടെവരെ]] എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ വിശ്വനാഥൻ [[രാസലീല|രാസലീലയിലെ]] ദത്തൻ നമ്പൂതിരി, [[തുറമുഖം|തുറമുഖത്തിലെ]] ഹംസ, [[രക്തമില്ലാത്ത മനുഷ്യൻ|രക്തമില്ലാത്ത മനുഷ്യനിലെ]] ശിവൻകുട്ടി, [[ചട്ടക്കാരി |ചട്ടക്കാരിയിലെ]] റിച്ചാർഡ്, [[അനുഭവം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അനുഭവത്തിലെ]] ബോസ്കോ, [[ഒരു വിളിപ്പാടകലെ|ഒരു വിളിപ്പാടകലെയിലെ]] മേജർ, [[വന്ദനം|വന്ദനത്തിലെ]] കമ്മീഷണർ, [[നമ്പർ 20 മദ്രാസ് മെയിൽ|നമ്പർ 20 മദ്രാസ് മെയിലിലെ]] RK നായർ, [[ലേലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലേലത്തിലെ]] ആനക്കാട്ടിൽ ഈപ്പച്ചൻ തുടങ്ങി അദ്ദേഹം അവതരിപ്പിച്ച കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ അവിസ്മരണീങ്ങളായിരുന്നു. 100 ദിവസത്തിലേറെ ഓടിയ [[അവൾ ഒരു തുടർക്കഥ]], [[കുമാരവിജയം]] എന്നിവയും ശ്രദ്ധേയമായിരുന്നു. [[ജയൻ|ജയനെ]] ജനകീയ നടനാക്കിത്തീർത്ത [[ഐ.വി. ശശി|ഐ.വി ശശി]] സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത '[[അങ്ങാടി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അങ്ങാടി]]' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ നായകനായി സോമനെ ആയിരുന്നു ആദ്യം തീരുമാനിച്ചിരുന്നത്. ഐ.വി. ശശിയും സോമനുമായുള്ള അഭിപ്രായ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളെത്തുടർന്നു നായക സ്ഥാനത്തു ജയൻ വന്നു. അതേത്തുടർന്നു വളരെക്കാലം ശശി ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ സോമൻറെ സാന്നിധ്യം ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ഏറെക്കാലത്തിനു ശേഷം [[കമൽ ഹാസൻ|കമലഹാസൻ]] നായകനായി അഭിനയിച്ച 'വൃതം' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ സഹനടന്റെ വേഷം ചെയ്തുകൊണ്ടു വീണ്ടും ഐ.വി. ശശി ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ സോമൻ സജീവമായി. [[എം.ജി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ|എംജിആറിനൊപ്പം]] [[നാളൈ നമതേ]] എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഏതാനും ടെലിവിഷൻ പരമ്പരകളിലും സോമൻ അഭിനയിച്ചു. [[ജോൺ പോൾ|ജോൺ പോളി]] നൊപ്പം [[ഭൂമിക]] എന്ന ചിത്രം നിർമിച്ചു. താരസംഘടനയായ അമ്മയുടെ ആദ്യകാല പ്രസിഡന്റായും ചലച്ചിത്രവികസന കോർപറേഷൻ അംഗമായും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. കലശലായ രോഗബാധയുള്ളപ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹം അഭിനയിച്ച ചിത്രമാണ് 'ലേലം.' രൺജി പണിക്കരുടെ രചനയിൽ ഷാജി കൈലാസ് സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത് 1997-ൽ റിലീസ് ചെയ്ത ചിത്രത്തിലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ 'ആനക്കാട്ടിൽ ഈപ്പച്ചൻ' വളരെയേറെ കയ്യടി നേടിക്കൊടുത്തു. അതായിരുന്നു അവസാന ചിത്രം. ===മരണം=== ഏറെക്കാലം വിവിധ രോഗങ്ങൾ അലട്ടിയ സോമൻ 56-ആമത്തെ വയസ്സിൽ [[മഞ്ഞപ്പിത്തം|മഞ്ഞപ്പിത്തത്തെത്തുടർന്ന്]] [[1997]] ഡിസം‌ബർ 12-നു് വൈകിട്ട് [[എറണാകുളം]] പിവിഎസ് ആശുപത്രിയിൽ വച്ച് അന്തരിച്ചു.<ref name = red-dt /> മൃതദേഹം [[തിരുവല്ല]]യിലെ വീട്ടിലേയ്ക്ക് വിലാപയാത്രയായി കൊണ്ടുപോകുകയും പൂർണ ഔദ്യോഗിക ബഹുമതികളോടെ വീട്ടുവളപ്പിൽ സംസ്കരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 1997-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ [[ലേലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലേലമായിരുന്നു]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അവസാന ചിത്രം. ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ചെയ്ത ആനക്കാട്ടിൽ ഈപ്പച്ചൻ എന്ന കഥാപാത്രം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളിലൊന്നായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. [[ലേലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ലേലം]] നിറഞ്ഞ സദസ്സിൽ ഓടുമ്പോഴായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അന്ത്യം. == ചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ == {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''[[ഗായത്രി]] (1973) ..... രാജാമണി * ''[[മഴക്കാറ്]]'' (1973) .... ഗോപി * ''[[മാധവിക്കുട്ടി]]'' (1973) * ''[[ചുക്ക്]]'' (1973) * ''[[ജീവിക്കാൻ മറന്നുപോയ സ്ത്രീ]]'' (1974) * ''[[പഞ്ചതന്ത്രം]]'' (1974) ..... നൃത്ത നാടകത്തിലെ പ്രിൻസ് * ''[[chattakkari (1974 film)|ചട്ടക്കാരി]]'' (1974) ..... റിച്ചാർഡ് * ''[[രാജഹംസം]]'' (1974) * ''[[മാന്യശ്രീ വിശ്വാമിത്രൻ]]'' (1974) ....രമേശ് * ''[[തച്ചോളി മരുമകൻ ചന്തു]]'' (1974) * ''[[ഉത്സവം (film)|Utsavam]]'' (1975) .... ഭാർഗ്ഗവൻ * ''[[പിക്നിക് (1975 film)|Picnic]]'' (1975) ..... ചുടല മുത്തു *''[[ചട്ടമ്പിക്കല്ല്യാണി]] (1975)...കൊച്ചു തമ്പുരാൻ * ''[[പുലിവാൽ]]'' (1975) * ''[[മക്കൾ]]'' (1975) * ''[[ഉല്ലാസയാത്ര]]'' (1975) * ''[[മറ്റൊരു സീത]]'' (1975) * ''[[ഓടക്കുഴൽ]]'' (1975) * ''[[ഭാര്യയെ ആവശ്യമുണ്ട്]]'' (1975) * ''[[രാസലീല (1975 film)|Rasaleela]]'' (1975) * ''[[ധർമ്മക്ഷേത്രേ കുരുക്ഷേത്രേ]]'' (1975) * ''[[തിരുവോണം]]'' (1975) * ''[[മുച്ചീട്ടുകളിക്കാരന്റെ മകൾ]]'' (1975) * ''[[Sooryavamsham (film)|സൂര്യവംശം]]'' (1975) * ''[[Tourist Bunglow]]'' (1975) * ''[[ചുവന്ന സന്ധ്യകൾ]]'' (1975) * ''[[പിക്നിക്]]'' (1975) * ''[[അഭിമാനം]]'' (1975) * ''[[മത്സരം (1975 film)|Malsaram]]'' (1975) * ''[[അവൾ ഒരു തുടർക്കഥ]]'' (1975) * ''[[അനുഭവം]]'' (1976) * ''[[അയൽക്കാരി]]'' (1976).... സുകു * '' [[സിന്ദൂരം]] '' (1976) *''[[രാജാങ്കണം]]'' (1976) *''[[കായംകുളം കൊച്ചുണ്ണിയുടെ മകൻ]]'' (1976) * '' [[അമൃതവാഹിനി]] '' (1976) .... സുധാകരൻ * '' [[മധുരം തിരുമധുരം]] '' (1976) * ''[[അഗ്നിപുഷ്പം]]'' (1976) *''[[സ്വപ്നാടനം]]'' (1976) ....മോഹൻ * ''[[പാൽക്കടൽ]]'' (1976) * ''[[കുറ്റവും ശിക്ഷയും]]'' (1976) * ''[[സീമന്തപുത്രൻ]]'' (1976) * ''[[അഭിനന്ദനം]]'' (1976) * ''[[മിസി]]'' (1976) * ''[[റോമിയോ]]'' (1976) * ''[[സ്വിമ്മിംഗ് പൂൾ (1976 film)|Swimming Pool]]'' (1976) * ''[[വഴിവിളക്ക്]]'' (1976) * ''[[Ponni (1976 film)|പൊന്നി]]'' (1976) * ''[[പിക്പോക്കറ്റ്]]'' (1976) * ''[[സമസ്യ]]'' (1976) * ''[[സർവ്വേക്കല്ല്]]'' (1976) * ''[[അരുത്]]'' (1976) * ''[[മോഹിനിയാട്ടം]]'' (1976) * ''[[ചെന്നായ വളർത്തിയ കുട്ടി]]'' (1976) * ''[[പുഷ്പശരം]]'' (1976) * ''[[Guruvayur Kesavan (film)|ഗുരുവായൂർ കേശവൻ]]'' (1977) * ''[[ഇന്നലെ ഇന്ന്]]'' (1977) * ''[[ഊഞ്ഞാൽ]]'' (1977) .... രാജൻ * ''[[ശംഖുപുഷ്പം]]'' (1977).... ഗോപി * ''[[അഭിനിവേശം]]''(1977).... വേണു * ''[[മുറ്റത്തെ മുല്ല]]''(1977).... ബാബു * ''[[രണ്ടു ലോകം]]'' (1977) ..... ബാബു * ''[[ഓർമ്മകൾ മരിക്കുമോ]]'' (1977) .... അരവിന്ദൻ * ''[[ഇതാ ഇവിടെ വരെ]]'' (1977)..... വിശ്വനാഥൻ * ''[[അമ്മായി അമ്മ]]'' (1977) * ''[[ശിവതാണ്ഡവം]]'' (1977) * ''[[ഇവൻ എന്റെ പ്രിയ പുത്രൻ]]'' (1977) * ''[[ചക്രവർത്തിനി]]'' (1977) * ''[[ശ്രീദേവി]]'' (1977) * ''[[വിഷുക്കണി]]'' (1977) * ''[[അകലെ ആകാശം]]'' (1977) * ''[[സരിത]]'' (1977) * ''[[അഞ്ജലി (1977 film)|Anjali]]'' (1977) * ''[[ലക്ഷ്മി]]'' (1977) * ''[[സ്നേഹയമുന]]'' (1977) * ''[[Agninakshathram (1977 film)|അഗ്നിനക്ഷത്രം]]'' (1977) * ''[[അപരാജിത]]'' (1977) * ''[[വീട് ഒരു സ്വർഗ്ഗം]]'' (1977) * ''[[അന്തർദ്ദാഹം]]'' (1977) * ''[[Sujatha (1977 film)|സുജാത]]'' (1977) * ''[[ഹർഷബാഷ്പം]]'' (1977) * ''[[മകം പിറന്ന മങ്ക]]'' (1977) * ''[[Muhurthangal]]'' (1977) * ''[[സൂര്യകാന്തി]]'' (1977) * ''[[പല്ലവി]]'' (1977) * ''[[തോൽക്കാൻ എനിക്കു മനസ്സില്ല]]'' (1977) * ''[[ആശീർവാദം]]'' (1977) * ''[[പഞ്ചാമൃതം]]'' (1977) * ''[[സ്വർണ്ണമെഡൽ]]'' (1977) * ''[[വേഴാമ്പൽ]]'' (1977) * ''[[Mannu]]'' (1978) * ''[[അവൾ വിശ്വസ്തയായിരുന്നു]]'' (1978).... ജയിംസ് * ''[[അണിയറ]]'' (1978) * '' [[Rathinirvedam (1978 film)|രതിനിർവ്വേദം]]'' (1978) .... കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ *''[[അവളുടെ രാവുകൾ]]'' (1978) * ''[[പത്മതീർത്ഥം]]'' (1978)... കരുണൻ * ''[[Lisa (1978 film)|ലിസ]]'' (1978) * ''[[കൽപ്പവൃക്ഷം]]'' (1978) .... സുരേന്ദ്രൻ * ''[[Nivedyam (1978 film)|നിവേദ്യം]]'' (1978)... ഡോ. ഗോപകുമാർ * ''[[നക്ഷത്രങ്ങളേ കാവൽ]]'' (1978) * ''[[ഇനിയും പുഴയൊഴുകും]]'' (1978).... പ്രഭാകരൻ * ''[[ഈറ്റ]]'' (1978) .... ഗോപാലൻ * ''[[കാത്തിരുന്ന നിമിഷം]]'' (1978) .... ഗോപി * ''[[അവൾക്കു മരണമില്ല]]'' (1978) * ''[[മുക്കുവനെ സ്നേഹിച്ച ഭൂതം]]'' (1978).... രാജൻ * ''[[മാറ്റൊലി]]'' (1978) * ''[[വെല്ലുവിളി]]'' (1978) ..... സോമൻ * ''[[Thanal]]'' (1978) * ''[[ആരും അന്യരല്ല]]'' (1978).... പ്രഭാകരൻ * ''[[Priyadarshini (film)|പ്രിയദർശിനി]]'' (1978) * ''[[വാടകയ്ക്കൊരു ഹൃദയം]]'' (1978) * ''[[സ്നേഹിക്കാൻ ഒരു പെണ്ണ്]]'' (1978) * ''[[രാജൻ പറഞ്ഞ കഥ]]'' (1978) * ''[[പ്രേമശിൽപ്പി]]'' (1978) * ''[[Hemendaratri|ഹേമന്ദരാത്രി]]'' (1978) * ''[[അവകാശം]]'' (1978) * ''[[രാപ്പാടികളുടെ ഗാഥ]]'' (1978) * ''[[ഞാൻ ഞാൻ‌ മാത്രം]]'' (1978) * ''[[സത്രത്തിൽ ഒരു രാത്രി]]'' (1978) * ''[[മറ്റൊരു കർണ്ണൻ]]'' (1978) * ''[[നാലുമണിപ്പൂക്കൾ]]'' (1978) * ''[[അഷ്ടമുടിക്കായൽ (സിനിമ)]]'' (1978) * ''[[അനുമോദനം]]'' (1978) * ''[[അനുഭൂതികളുടെ നിമിഷം]]'' (1978) * ''[[ഓർക്കുക വല്ലപ്പോഴും]]'' (1978) * ''[[അടിമക്കച്ചവടം]]'' (1978) * ''[[അശോകവനം]]'' (1978) * ''[[തീരങ്ങൾ]]'' (1978) * ''[[രണ്ടു ജന്മങ്ങൾ]]'' (1978) * ''[[ജയിക്കാനായ് ജനിച്ചവൻ]]'' (1978) * ''[[വിശ്വരൂപം]]'' (1978) * ''[[സായൂജ്യം]]'' (1979) .... Balan * ''[[ഇടവഴിയിലെ പൂച്ച മിണ്ടാപ്പൂച്ച]]'' (1979) .... ഭാഗ്യനാഥ് * ''[[ഇതാ ഒരു തീരം]]'' (1979) .... ഗോപി * ''[[വെള്ളായണി പരമു]]'' (1979).... ഇത്തിക്കരപ്പക്കി * ''[[ചുവന്ന ചിറകുകൾ]]'' (1979) * ''[[രക്തമില്ലാത്ത മനുഷ്യൻ]]'' (1979).... ശിവൻ * ''[[മനസാ വാചാ കർമ്മണാ]]'' (1979) * ''[[പ്രഭാത സന്ധ്യ]]''(1979)..... Gopi * ''[[ഏഴാം കടലിനക്കരെ]]'' (1979) .... സോമൻ * '' [[ജീവിതം ഒരു ഗാനം]] '' (1979).... ജോണി *''[[ഇവിടെ കാറ്റിനു സുഗന്ധം]]'' (1979) ....ഗോപി * ''[[നീയോ ഞാനോ]]'' (1979) ....ദാമു * ''[[ചൂള]]'' (1979) * ''[[നിത്യവസന്തം]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[യക്ഷിപ്പാറു]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[പ്രതീക്ഷ]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[അനുഭവങ്ങളേ നന്ദി]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[പതിവ്രത]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[Lovely (1979 film)|ലവ്‍ലി]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[അമൃതചുംബനം]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[തുറമുഖം]]'' (1979) .... ബാലൻ * '' [[ചന്ദ്ര ബിംബം]] '' (1980) .. * ''[[കടൽക്കാറ്റ്]]'' (1980) * ''[[മുത്തുച്ചിപ്പികൾ]]'' (1980) .... ശശി * '' [[അണിയാത്ത വളകൾ]] '' (1980) .... ബാലൻ * ''[[പ്രകടനം]]'' (1980) .... ജോസ് * ''[[പ്രളയം]]''(1980)..... ശിവൻകുട്ടി *''[[ആഗമനം]]'' (1980) .... വേണു *''[[രാഗം താനം പല്ലവി]]'' (1980)....ജയചന്ദ്രൻ * ''[[പവിഴമുത്ത്]]'' (1980) * ''[[ദൂരം അരികെ]]'' (1980) * ''[[Puzha (film)|പുഴ]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഒരു വർഷം ഒരു മാസം]]'' (1980) * ''[[തിരയും തീരവും]]'' (1980) * ''[[പപ്പു]]'' (1980) * ''[[അകലങ്ങളിൽ അഭയം]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഇതിലേ വന്നവർ]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഇവർ]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഹൃദയം പാടുന്നു]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഡാലിയാ പൂക്കൾ]]'' (1980) * ''[[സരസ്വതീയാമം]]'' (1980) * ''[[ഏദൻ തോട്ടം]]'' (1980) * ''[[അവൻ ഒരു അഹങ്കാരി]]'' (1980) * ''[[വയൽ]]'' (1981) ..... ഗോവിന്ദൻകുട്ടി * ''[[അഗ്നി യുദ്ധം]]'' (1981) * ''[[സ്ഫോടനം]]'' (1981) .... സുരേന്ദ്രൻ * ''[[പാതിരാസൂര്യൻ]]'' (1981).... സ്റ്റീഫൻ * ''[[കൊടുമുടികൾ]]'' (1981).... ബാവ * ''[[കടത്ത്]]'' (1981) ..... രവി * ''[[താറാവ്]]'' (1981) .... നാരായണൻകുട്ടി *''[[സ്വരങ്ങൾ സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ]]'' (1981) ....പ്രഭാകരൻ * ''[[കോളിളക്കം]]'' (1981) .... Kumar * '' [[കഥയറിയാതെ]] '' (1981) .... വിശ്വനാഥ മേനോൻ * '' [[രക്തം]] '' (1981) .... വേണു * ''[[ഇതാ ഒരു ധിക്കാരി]]''(1981)....രാജു * ''[[Saahasam (1981 film)|സാഹസം]]'' (1981) * ''[[മനസ്സിന്റെ തീർത്ഥയാത്ര]]'' (1981) * ''[[എന്നെ സ്നഹിക്കൂ എന്നെ മാത്രം]]'' (1981) * ''[[വാടക വീട്ടിലെ അതിഥി]]'' (1981) * ''[[ഇതിഹാസം]]'' (1981) * ''[[സംഭവം]]'' (1981) * ''[[വിഷം]]'' (1981) * ''[[വേലിയേറ്റം]]'' (1981) * ''[[വഴികൾ യാത്രക്കാർ]]'' (1981) * ''[[ശ്രീമാൻ ശ്രീമതി]]'' (1981) * ''[[എതിരാളികൾ]]'' (1982) .... ആന്റണി * ''[[ബീഢിക്കുഞ്ഞമ്മ]]''(1982).... മാധവൻ * ''[[ഒരു വിളിപ്പാടകലെ]]''(1982)...... മേജർ ഉണ്ണിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ * '' [[രക്ത സാക്ഷി]] '' (1982) * '' [[തുറന്ന ജയിൽ]]'' (1982) ... രാജൻ * '' [[Karthavyam (1982 film)|കർത്തവ്യം]] '' (1982) .... ശ്രീകുമാർ * ''[[Sooryan (1982 film)|സൂര്യൻ]]''(1982)..... വേണു * ''[[ശ്രീ അയ്യപ്പനും വാവരും]]''(1982)...രാജ രാജശേഖര * ''[[കോരിത്തരിച്ച നാൾ]]'' (1982) ...... വിജയൻ * '' [[ആരംഭം]] '' (1982) ....ബഷീർ * '' [[പ്രിയസഖി രാധ]] '' (1982) * '' [[ദ്രോഹി]] '' (1982) * '' [[Aayudham (1982 film)|ആയുധം]] '' (1982) * '' [[ഇവൻ ഒരു സിംഹം]] '' (1982) * '' [[ആദർശം]] '' (1982) * '' [[ധീര]] '' (1982) * '' [[Sariyalla saradha]] '' (1982) * ''[[പിൻനിലാവ്]]'' (1983) .... ഗോപി * '' [[രതിലയം]]''(1983).... സോമൻ * ''[[Mahabali (film)|മഹാബലി]]'' (1983) .... നാരദൻ * ''[[ആ രാത്രി]]'' (1983) .... ആൾ കേരള അബ്ദു * '' [[ആട്ടക്കലാശം]] '' (1983) .... വിജയൻ * '' [[ഈ യുഗം]]''(1983)... * '' [[ആദ്യത്തെ അനുരാഗം]]''(1983)...ജയൻ *''[[കാത്തിരുന്ന ദിവസം]]''(1983)....രവി *''[[Sandhya Vandanam (film)|സന്ധ്യാവന്ദനം]]''(1983)....ശശി *''[[Aana (film)|Aana]]'' (1983) ....മന്ത് രാജു *''[[Thavalam (1983 film)|താവളം]]'' (1983)...ബാലൻ * '' [[ദീപാരാധന]]''(1983)... * '' [[നദി മുതൽ നദി വരെ]]''(1983)... * '' [[അഹങ്കാരം]]''(1983)... * '' [[കൊലകൊമ്പൻ]]''(1983)... * '' [[പൌരുഷം]]''(1983)... * '' [[കത്തി]]''(1983)... * '' [[ആദ്യത്തെ അനുരാഗം]]''(1983)... * '' [[പുച്ചക്കൊരു മൂക്കുത്തി]]'' (1984) .... ഹരി * '' [[കൂട്ടിനിളംകിളി]] '' (1984).... ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ * ''[[ചക്കരയുമ്മ]]''(1984) * ''[[കോടതി]]''(1984) ....വേണു * ''[[തച്ചോളി തങ്കപ്പൻ]]''(1984) ..... ഖാദർ * ''[[നിഷേധി]]''(1984) ..... രാജശേഖരൻ * ''[[മിനിമോൾ വത്തിക്കാനിൽ]]'' (1984) .... ഡോക്ടർ * ''[[നിലാവിന്റെ നാട്ടിൽ]]'' (1984) * ''[[Kadamattathachan (1984 film)|കടമറ്റത്തച്ചൻ]] '' (1984)....Pulimoottil Kariya * ''[[കൃഷ്ണ ഗുരുവായൂരപ്പാ]]''(1984).... വില്ല്വമംഗലം സ്വാമി * ''[[ആരാൻറെ മുല്ല കൊച്ചുമുല്ല]] '' (1984) .... പഞ്ചായത്ത് പ്രസിഡന്റ് * ''[[പൂമഠത്തെ പെണ്ണ്]]''(1984) * ''[[ഒരു തെറ്റിന്റെ കഥ]]''(1984) * ''[[ആയിരം അഭിലാഷങ്ങൾ]]''(1984) * ''[[എൻറെ ഗ്രാമം]]''(1984) * ''[[ഇടവേളയ്ക്കു ശേഷം]]''(1984) * ''[[ആഗ്രഹം]]''(1984) * ''[[ശ്രീകൃഷ്ണ പരുന്ത്]]''(1984) * ''[[ബോയിംഗ് ബോയിംഗ് (1985 film)|Boeing Boeing]]'' (1985) ..... ലംബോദരൻ പിള്ള * '' [[വസന്ത സേന]] '' (1985) .... സിത്ഥാർത്ഥ മേനോൻ * '' [[ആനക്കൊരുമ്മ]] '' (1985) ....പോലീസ് ഓഫീസർ * '' [[ഉയരും ഞാൻ നാടാകെ]] '' (1985) * '' [[Premalekhanam (film)|പ്രേമലേഖനം]] '' (1985) .... കേശവൻ നായർ * '' [[പത്താമുദയം]] '' (1985) .... ബി.ജി. മേനോൻ * '' [[മുളമൂട്ടിൽ അടിമ]] '' (1985) .... മൊയ്ദീൻ (Special Appearance) * '' [[കൂടും തേടി]] '' (1985) .... മേനോൻ * '' [[ഞാൻ പിറന്ന നാട്ടിൽ]]'' (1985) .... ഗോപിനാഥ് * '' [[അദ്ധ്യായം ഒന്നു മുതൽ]] '' (1985) .... നാരായണൻ * '' [[ആ നേരം അൽപ്പ ദൂരം]] '' (1985) .... സുധാകരൻ * '' [[വന്നു കണ്ടു കീഴടക്കി]] '' (1985) * '' [[ഒരിക്കൽ ഒരിടത്ത്]] '' (1985) * '' [[സ്നേഹിച്ച കുറ്റത്തിന്]] '' (1985) * '' [[ആഴി]] '' (1985) * '' [[ഗായത്രീദേവി എൻറെ അമ്മ]] '' (1985) * '' [[അവിടത്തേപ്പോലെ ഇവിടെയും]] '' (1985) * '' [[ഇനിയും കഥ തുടരും]] '' (1985) * '' [[ഓണത്തുമ്പിക്കൊരു ഊഞ്ഞാൽ]] '' (1985) * ''[[താളവട്ടം]]'' (1986) .... ഡോ. രവീന്ദ്രൻ * ''[[സായം സന്ധ്യ]]'' (1986) * '' [[പഞ്ചാഗ്നി]] '' (1986) .... മോഹൻദാസ് * '' [[കുഞ്ഞാറ്റക്കിളികൾ]] '' (1986) .... വിശ്വനാഥ മേനോൻ * '' [[സുനിൽ വയസ് 20]] '' (1986) .... സോമശേഖരൻ * '' [[സുഖമോ ദേവി]] '' (1986) .... ഡോ. അംബികാത്മജൻ നായർ * '' [[സന്മനസ്സുള്ളവർക്കു സമാധാനം]] '' (1986) .... രാജേന്ദ്രന്റെ അമ്മാവൻ * '' [[ഇനിയും കുരുക്ഷേത്രം]] '' (1986) .... ജയമോഹൻ * '' [[അടുക്കാൻ എന്തെളുപ്പം]] '' (1986) .... വില്ല്യംസ് * '' [[നന്ദി വീണ്ടും വരിക]] '' (1986) .... അനന്തൻ നായർ * '' [[വീണ്ടും]] '' (1986) .... അലക്സ് * '' [[അമ്പാടി തന്നിലൊരുണ്ണി]]''(1986).... എം.ജി. മേനോൻ *''[[Ithramathram (1986 film)|ഇത്രമാത്രം]]'' (1986) .... കേണൽ രാജശേഖരൻ * ''[[അമ്മേ ഭഗവതി]]'' (1986) * ''[[മലരും കിളിയും]]'' (1986) * ''[[കാബറേ ഡാൻസർ]]'' (1986) * ''[[Nilavinte Nattil]]'' (1986) * ''[[ഇവിടെ എല്ലാവർക്കും സുഖം]]'' (1987) ..... ശേഖര വർമ്മ * ''[[വഴിയോരക്കാഴ്ച്ചകൾ]]'' (1987) ..... രവി * '' [[വ്രതം]] '' (1987) .... ചാർലി * '' [[വിളംബരം]] '' (1987) .... ബാലഗോപാലൻ * '' [[തൂവാനത്തുമ്പികൾ]]'' (1987) .... മോനി ജോസഫ് * '' [[ജനുവരി ഒരു ഓർമ്മ]] '' (1987) .... മേനോൻ * '' [[ജാലകം]] '' (1987) ..... അപ്പുവിന്റെ പിതാവ് * '' [[ചെപ്പ്]] '' (1987) .... പ്രിൻസിപ്പാൾ * '' [[കഥയ്ക്കു പിന്നിൽ]] '' (1987) .....പാലോട് * '' [[ഋതുഭേദം]]'' (1987) .... റസീവർ * '' [[നാടോടിക്കാറ്റ്]]'' (1987) ..... നടൻ സോമൻ * '' [[ഇടനാഴിയിൽ ഒരു കാലൊച്ച]]'' (1987) .... പ്രേം ശങ്കർ * ''[[യാഗാഗ്നി]]''(1987)... നമ്പീശൻ * '' [[മണിവത്തൂരിലെ ആയിരം ശിവരാത്രികൾ]] '' (1987) .... ജോൺ സാമുവൽ *''[[മംഗല്യ ചാർത്ത്]]'' (1987)....തോമസ് * ''[[1921 (1988 film)|1921]]'' (1988) * ''[[ചിത്രം]]'' (1988)....ജയിൽ സൂപ്പറിന്റന്റ് * ''[[ആര്യൻ (1988 film)|Aryan]]'' (1988) * '' [[മനു അങ്കിൾ]] '' (1988) ...ഡി.വൈ.എസ്.പി. * '' [[ജന്മാന്തരം]] '' (1988) .... പണിക്കർ * '' [[ഡെയ്സി (1988 film)|Daisy]]'' (1988) .... ബാലകൃഷ്ണമേനോൻ * '' [[അപരൻ (film)|Aparan]] '' (1988) * '' [[ഒന്നിനു പുറകേ മറ്റൊന്ന്]]'' (1988) .... രഘു * '' [[അബ്ക്കാരി]] '' (1988) ..... കുഞ്ഞപ്പൻ * '' [[മുക്തി]] '' (1988) ..... ഹമീദ് * '' [[മൂന്നാം പക്കം]] '' (1988) * '' [[ഒരു മുത്തശ്ശിക്കഥ]] '' (1988)..... മായിൻകുട്ടി * '' [[വെള്ളാനകളുടെ നാട്]] '' (1988) ..... പ്രഭാകരൻ * '' [[മുകുന്ദേട്ടാ സുമിത്ര വിളിക്കുന്നു]] '' (1988) ..... സി.പി. മേനോൻ * '' [[വർണ്ണം (1989 film)|Varnam]] '' (1988) ... മനുവിന്റെ സഹോദരൻ * '' [[പുതിയ കരുക്കൾ]] '' (1988) .... ഉദയ വർമ്മ * '' [[ദൌത്യം]] '' (1989) ...... കേണൽ മാധവൻ നായർ * ''[[വന്ദനം]]'' (1989) * '' [[ആവണിക്കുന്നിലെ കിന്നരി പൂക്കൾ]]'' (1989).... ജയമോഹൻ * ''[[കളി കാര്യമായി]]/ Crime Branch''(1989).... പുഷ്കരൻ * ''[[ജൈത്ര യാത്ര]]'' (1989) ..... വി.പി. മേനോൻ * ''[[No.20 മദ്രാസ് മെയിൽ]]'' (1990) ..... ആർ.കെ. നായർ * ''[[വർത്തമാനകാലം]]'' (1990).... രാവുണ്ണി മാഷ് * ''[[ഏയ് ഓട്ടോ]]'' (1990) ..... പോലീസ് കമ്മീഷണർ * ''[[അക്കരം അക്കരെ അക്കരെ]]''(1990) ..... പോലീസ് കമ്മീഷണർ * '' [[രണ്ടാം വരവ്]] '' (1990) ..... ആർ. ശ്രീധരൻ നായർ * '' [[രാജവാഴ്ച്ച]] '' (1990) ..... കുട്ടൻ നായർ * '' [[മുഖം]] '' (1990) ..... ആഭ്യന്തര മന്ത്രി * '' [[ഹിസ് ഹൈനസ് അബ്ദുള്ള]] '' (1990) ...... കേശവ പിള്ള * '' [[അർഹത]] '' (1990) ..... ചന്ദ്രശേഖരൻ നായർ * '' [[അപ്പു (1990 film)|Appu]] '' (1990) ..... പോലീസ് ഓഫിസർ * '' [[മിഥ്യ]] '' (1990) ...... അപ്പുണ്ണി * '' [[ഈ തണുത്ത വെളുപ്പാൻകാലത്ത്]] '' (1990) ..... കുവൈററ് മണി * ''[[അദ്വൈതം]]'' (1991) ...... ശേഖരൻ * '' [[ഇൻസ്പെക്ടർ ബൽറാം]] '' (1991) ...... സഹദേവൻ * '' [[നീലഗിരി (film)|Neelagiri]] '' (1991) ..... ശേഖര മേനോൻ * '' [[ഉള്ളടക്കം]] '' (1991) ..... മാത്തച്ചൻ * '' [[ഞാൻ ഗന്ധർവ്വൻ]] '' (1991) ..... ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ * '' [[എൻറെ സൂര്യപുത്രിക്ക്]] '' (1991) ...... വിനോദ ശങ്കർ * '' [[ഭൂമിക (film)|Bhoomika]] '' (1991) ..... രാഘവൻ നായർ *''[[മഹസ്സർ]] '' (1991) ..... അഡ്വ. വേണുഗോപാൽ * '' [[തലസ്ഥാനം]] '' (1992) * '' [[ആർദ്രം]] '' (1992) .... ജയിൽ വാർഡൻ * '' [[അപാരത]] '' (1992) ..... പിള്ള * ''[[മഹാനഗരം]] '' (1992) ..... കുമാരൻ *'' [[കാബൂളിവാല]] '' (1993) ..... മുന്നയുടെ പിതാവ് * ''[[അർത്ഥന]]'' (1993) .... * ''[[കമ്മീഷണർ (film)|Commissioner]]'' (1994) ..... ബാലചന്ദ്രൻ നായർ * '' [[പക്ഷേ]] '' (1994) * '' [[ജെന്റിൽമാൻ സൊസൈറ്റി]] '' (1994) .... ഉണ്ണിത്താൻ * '' [[ചുക്കാൻ]] '' (1994) .... പരോൾ പത്മനാഭൻ * ''[[രാജകീയം]]''(1995)....ഭരത വർമ്മൻ * ''[[നിർണ്ണയം (1995 film)|Nirnayam]]'' (1995) ..... ഡോ. വിനോദ് കുരിശുങ്കൽ * '' [[കാട്ടിലെ തടി തേവരുടെ ആന]] '' (1995) ..... മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി * '' [[ദ കിംഗ് (1995 film)|The King]] '' (1995) ..... അലക്സാണ്ടർ * ''[[സുന്ദരിമാരെ സൂക്ഷിക്കുക]]''(1995) ..... Raveendran * ''[[Indraprastham (film)|ഇന്ദ്രപ്രസ്ഥം]]'' (1996) ..... കെ.എൻ. നായർ * '' [[രാജപുത്രൻ]] (1996) .... വേണിയുടെ പിതാവ് * '' [[ഹിറ്റ്ലർ (1996 film)|Hitler]] '' (1996) ..... പ്രൊഫസർ * ''[[സുഖവാസം]]''(1996)....ഗണപതി അയ്യർ * ''[[ഒരു യാത്രാമൊഴി]]'' (1997) * ''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|ചന്ദ്രലേഖ]]'' (1997) ..... ഡോക്ടർ * ''[[വർണ്ണപ്പകിട്ട്]]'' (1997) .... കുരുവിള * ''[[ലേലം]]'' (1997)..... ആനക്കാട്ടിൽ ഈപ്പച്ചൻ {{div col end}} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == * കേരളസംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡ് - മികച്ച രണ്ടാമത്തെ നടൻ (സ്വപ്നാടനം, ചുവന്ന സന്ധ്യകൾ) * 1976-ൽ മികച്ച നടനുള്ള സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡ് - ([[തണൽ]], [[പല്ലവി]]) ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="janam1">[http://www.janamtv.com/news/2014/12/12/543896373146 എം.ജി.സോമൻറെ ഓർമ്മകൾക്ക് 17 വയസ്സ്, janamtv.com]</ref> }} {{actor-stub}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * {{imdb name|0813762}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1941-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1997-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഒക്ടോബർ 28-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഡിസംബർ 12-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച രണ്ടാമത്തെ നടനുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] ayio0t8097hlsf2agxvktmyyc0brlxa 0 55591 4644215 4631742 2026-07-07T13:46:34Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Dustin Hoffman}} {{Infobox person | name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | image = Dustin Hoffman at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival. 02 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Hoffman at the [[2025 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF in 2025]] | birth_name = Dustin Lee Hoffman | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|08|08}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | education = <!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools only --> | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker}} | years_active = 1960–present | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | children = 6, including [[Jake Hoffman (actor)|Jake]] | spouse = {{ubl| {{marriage|[[Anne Byrne (actress)|Anne Byrne]]|May 1969|1980|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|[[Lisa Hoffman|Lisa Gottsegen]]|October 1980}} }} | works = [[Dustin Hoffman filmography|Full lists]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Dustin Hoffman|Full list]] | module = {{listen| embed=yes |filename = Dustin_hoffman_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_02_12_2012_b01p314n.flac |title = Dustin Hoffman's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' December 2, 2012<ref>{{cite episode |title=Dustin Hoffman |series=[[Desert Island Discs]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>}} }} '''ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ''' (ജനനം ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8, 1937) ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടനാണ്‌<ref name='bio'>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |title=www.biography.com |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526015410/http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഇദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടു തവണ [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], ആറു തവണ [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് പുരസ്കാരം|ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്]], മൂന്നു തവണ [[ബാഫ്ത പുരസ്കാരം|ബാഫ്ത]], [[എമ്മി പുരസ്കാരം|എമ്മി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾക്ക് അർഹനായിട്ടുണ്ട്. == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == ഹാരി ഹോഫ്മാന്റെയും (1908-1987) ലിലിയന്റെയും (ഗോൾഡ്; 1909-1982) രണ്ടാമത്തെ മകനായി [[കാലിഫോർണിയ|കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ]] ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ 1937 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="cabi">{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|title=Dustin Lee Hoffman, born 08/08/1937|access-date=August 14, 2014|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080653/http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|archive-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ഫർണിച്ചർ സെയിൽസ്മാൻ ആകുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് കൊളംബിയ പിക്ചേഴ്സിൽ പ്രൊപ്പ് സൂപ്പർവൈസറായി (സെറ്റ് ഡെക്കറേറ്റർ) ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|title=Film Reference.com biography|access-date=March 2, 2010|publisher=Filmreference.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203104332/http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == വ്യക്തിജീവിതം == 1963-ൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ആൻ ബൈർണിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും{{r|meryman200403}} 1969 മെയ് മാസത്തിൽ അവരെ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="tribute">[http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813 Dustin Hoffman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721233444/http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813|date=July 21, 2010}} at Tribute.ca. Retrieved January 23, 2008.</ref> ബൈർണിന്റെ മുൻ വിവാഹത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കുട്ടിയായ കരീനയെ (ജനനം 1967) അദ്ദേഹം ദത്തെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ദമ്പതികൾക്ക് ജെന്ന എന്ന ഒരു മകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു (ജനനം ഒക്ടോബർ 15, 1969). 1970-ൽ, ഹോഫ്മാനും ബൈർണും ഗ്രീൻവിച്ച് വില്ലേജിൽ തീവ്രവാദ ഗ്രൂപ്പായ വെതർമെൻ അംഗങ്ങൾ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു ടൗൺഹൗസിന് തൊട്ടടുത്തുള്ള ഒരു കെട്ടിടത്തിൽ താമസിച്ചിരുന്നു. ആ സമയത്ത് ടൗൺഹൗസിന്റെ ബേസ്മെന്റിൽ അബദ്ധത്തിൽ ഒരു ബോംബ് പൊട്ടിത്തെറിച്ച് മൂന്ന് പേർ കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയുണ്ടായി. 2002-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി വെതർ അണ്ടർഗ്രൗണ്ട് എന്ന ഡോക്യുമെന്ററിയിൽ, സ്ഫോടനത്തിന് ശേഷം ഹോഫ്മാൻ തെരുവിൽ നിൽക്കുന്നത് കാണാം.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|title=A bomb explodes in Greenwich Village in 1970|access-date=March 11, 2016|date=March 5, 2015|website=NY Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073120/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|title=The History Of The Weathermen Town House (With Cameos By Dustin Hoffman, James Merrill, and Paddington Bear)|access-date=March 11, 2016|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 1980-ൽ ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹമോചനം നേടി. മുൻ ഭാര്യയുമായുള്ള വേർപിരിയലിനുശേഷം, അദ്ദേഹം ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗനുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. അവരുടെ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ ഒരുമിച്ച് വളർന്നവരായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-lakers-game-rare-public-outing-photo-8418062|title=Dustin Hoffman Makes Rare Public Outing with Wife Lisa at Lakers Game|access-date=2024-01-21|last=Juneau|first=Jen|date=19 December 2023|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഇക്കാലത്ത് ജൂറിസ് ഡോക്ടർ ബിരുദം പൂർത്തിയാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. 1980 ഒക്ടോബർ 12 ന് ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹിതരായി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|title=Dustin Hoffman's Wife Lisa Dishes on the Secret to Their 37-Year Marriage!|access-date=September 25, 2022|last=Staff|first=Closer|date=July 19, 2017|website=Closer Weekly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105001833/https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|archive-date=January 5, 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജേക്കബ് എഡ്വേർഡ് (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 20, 1981), റെബേക്ക ലിലിയൻ (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 17, 1983), മാക്സ്വെൽ ജെഫ്രി (ജനനം: ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 30, 1984), അലക്സാണ്ട്ര ലിഡിയ "അലി" (ജനനം: ഒക്ടോബർ 27, 1987) തുടങ്ങിയ നാലു കുട്ടികളാണ് അവർക്കുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1937-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹോളിവുഡ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നടന്മാർ]] ndnp8fpwb4aa2tovibgbxz31mnpc2it 4644216 4644215 2026-07-07T13:51:44Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Dustin Hoffman}} {{Infobox person | name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | image = Dustin Hoffman at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival. 02 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = 2025 ലെ ടൊറന്റോ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|08|08}} | birth_place = [[ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസ്]], കാലിഫോർണിയ, യു.എസ്. | death_date = | death_place = | education = <!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools only --> | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ | ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | years_active = 1960–തുടരുന്നു | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക്]] | children = [[Jake Hoffman (actor)|ജെയ്ക്ക്]] ഉൾപ്പെടെ 6 | spouse = {{ubl| {{marriage|[[Anne Byrne (actress)|ആനി ബൈർൺ]]|May 1969|1980|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|[[Lisa Hoffman|ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗൻ]]|October 1980}} }} | works = [[Dustin Hoffman filmography|Full lists]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Dustin Hoffman|Full list]] | module = {{listen| embed=yes |filename = Dustin_hoffman_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_02_12_2012_b01p314n.flac |title = Dustin Hoffman's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' December 2, 2012<ref>{{cite episode |title=Dustin Hoffman |series=[[Desert Island Discs]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>}} }} '''ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ''' (ജനനം ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8, 1937) ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടനാണ്‌<ref name='bio'>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |title=www.biography.com |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526015410/http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഇദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടു തവണ [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], ആറു തവണ [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് പുരസ്കാരം|ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്]], മൂന്നു തവണ [[ബാഫ്ത പുരസ്കാരം|ബാഫ്ത]], [[എമ്മി പുരസ്കാരം|എമ്മി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾക്ക് അർഹനായിട്ടുണ്ട്. == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == ഹാരി ഹോഫ്മാന്റെയും (1908-1987) ലിലിയന്റെയും (ഗോൾഡ്; 1909-1982) രണ്ടാമത്തെ മകനായി [[കാലിഫോർണിയ|കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ]] ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ 1937 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="cabi">{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|title=Dustin Lee Hoffman, born 08/08/1937|access-date=August 14, 2014|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080653/http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|archive-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ഫർണിച്ചർ സെയിൽസ്മാൻ ആകുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് കൊളംബിയ പിക്ചേഴ്സിൽ പ്രൊപ്പ് സൂപ്പർവൈസറായി (സെറ്റ് ഡെക്കറേറ്റർ) ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|title=Film Reference.com biography|access-date=March 2, 2010|publisher=Filmreference.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203104332/http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == വ്യക്തിജീവിതം == 1963-ൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ആൻ ബൈർണിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും{{r|meryman200403}} 1969 മെയ് മാസത്തിൽ അവരെ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="tribute">[http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813 Dustin Hoffman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721233444/http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813|date=July 21, 2010}} at Tribute.ca. Retrieved January 23, 2008.</ref> ബൈർണിന്റെ മുൻ വിവാഹത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കുട്ടിയായ കരീനയെ (ജനനം 1967) അദ്ദേഹം ദത്തെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ദമ്പതികൾക്ക് ജെന്ന എന്ന ഒരു മകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു (ജനനം ഒക്ടോബർ 15, 1969). 1970-ൽ, ഹോഫ്മാനും ബൈർണും ഗ്രീൻവിച്ച് വില്ലേജിൽ തീവ്രവാദ ഗ്രൂപ്പായ വെതർമെൻ അംഗങ്ങൾ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു ടൗൺഹൗസിന് തൊട്ടടുത്തുള്ള ഒരു കെട്ടിടത്തിൽ താമസിച്ചിരുന്നു. ആ സമയത്ത് ടൗൺഹൗസിന്റെ ബേസ്മെന്റിൽ അബദ്ധത്തിൽ ഒരു ബോംബ് പൊട്ടിത്തെറിച്ച് മൂന്ന് പേർ കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയുണ്ടായി. 2002-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി വെതർ അണ്ടർഗ്രൗണ്ട് എന്ന ഡോക്യുമെന്ററിയിൽ, സ്ഫോടനത്തിന് ശേഷം ഹോഫ്മാൻ തെരുവിൽ നിൽക്കുന്നത് കാണാം.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|title=A bomb explodes in Greenwich Village in 1970|access-date=March 11, 2016|date=March 5, 2015|website=NY Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073120/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|title=The History Of The Weathermen Town House (With Cameos By Dustin Hoffman, James Merrill, and Paddington Bear)|access-date=March 11, 2016|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 1980-ൽ ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹമോചനം നേടി. മുൻ ഭാര്യയുമായുള്ള വേർപിരിയലിനുശേഷം, അദ്ദേഹം ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗനുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. അവരുടെ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ ഒരുമിച്ച് വളർന്നവരായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-lakers-game-rare-public-outing-photo-8418062|title=Dustin Hoffman Makes Rare Public Outing with Wife Lisa at Lakers Game|access-date=2024-01-21|last=Juneau|first=Jen|date=19 December 2023|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഇക്കാലത്ത് ജൂറിസ് ഡോക്ടർ ബിരുദം പൂർത്തിയാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. 1980 ഒക്ടോബർ 12 ന് ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹിതരായി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|title=Dustin Hoffman's Wife Lisa Dishes on the Secret to Their 37-Year Marriage!|access-date=September 25, 2022|last=Staff|first=Closer|date=July 19, 2017|website=Closer Weekly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105001833/https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|archive-date=January 5, 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജേക്കബ് എഡ്വേർഡ് (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 20, 1981), റെബേക്ക ലിലിയൻ (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 17, 1983), മാക്സ്വെൽ ജെഫ്രി (ജനനം: ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 30, 1984), അലക്സാണ്ട്ര ലിഡിയ "അലി" (ജനനം: ഒക്ടോബർ 27, 1987) തുടങ്ങിയ നാലു കുട്ടികളാണ് അവർക്കുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1937-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹോളിവുഡ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നടന്മാർ]] 47v4yx8rssg75st8d6jffsw07gohavr 4644217 4644216 2026-07-07T13:57:20Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Dustin Hoffman}} {{Infobox person | name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | image = Dustin Hoffman at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival. 02 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = 2025 ലെ ടൊറന്റോ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|08|08}} | birth_place = [[ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസ്]], കാലിഫോർണിയ, യു.എസ്. | death_date = | death_place = | education = <!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools only --> | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ | ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | years_active = 1960–തുടരുന്നു | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക്]] | children = [[Jake Hoffman (actor)|ജെയ്ക്ക്]] ഉൾപ്പെടെ 6 | spouse = {{ubl| {{marriage|[[Anne Byrne (actress)|ആനി ബൈർൺ]]|May 1969|1980|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|[[Lisa Hoffman|ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗൻ]]|October 1980}} }} | works = [[Dustin Hoffman filmography|Full lists]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Dustin Hoffman|Full list]] | module = {{listen| embed=yes |filename = Dustin_hoffman_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_02_12_2012_b01p314n.flac |title = Dustin Hoffman's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' December 2, 2012<ref>{{cite episode |title=Dustin Hoffman |series=[[Desert Island Discs]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>}} }} '''ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ''' (ജനനം ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8, 1937) ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ നടനും ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവുമാണ്<ref name='bio'>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |title=www.biography.com |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526015410/http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഇദ്ദേഹം രണ്ടു തവണ [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], ആറു തവണ [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് പുരസ്കാരം|ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്]], മൂന്നു തവണ [[ബാഫ്ത പുരസ്കാരം|ബാഫ്ത]], [[എമ്മി പുരസ്കാരം|എമ്മി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾക്ക് അർഹനായിട്ടുണ്ട്. ന്യൂ ഹോളിവുഡ് പ്രസ്ഥാന രൂപീകരണത്തിലെ പ്രധാന നടന്മാരിൽ ഒരാളെന്ന നിലയിൽ, പ്രതിനായക കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളുടെയും വൈകാരികമായി ദുർബലരായ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളുടെയും വൈവിധ്യമാർന്ന ചിത്രീകരണങ്ങളുടെ പേരിൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ നിരവധി അംഗീകാരങ്ങളിൽ രണ്ട് അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ, നാല് ബാഫ്റ്റ അവാർഡുകൾ, അഞ്ച് ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് അവാർഡുകൾ, രണ്ട് എമ്മി അവാർഡുകൾ, കൂടാതെ ഒരു ടോണി അവാർഡിനുള്ള നാമനിർദ്ദേശം എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. 1997-ൽ സെസിൽ ബി. ഡെമിൽ അവാർഡ്, 1999-ൽ എ.എഫ്ഐ ലൈഫ് അച്ചീവ്മെന്റ് അവാർഡ്, 2012-ൽ കെന്നഡി സെന്റർ ഓണേഴ്സ് അവാർഡ് എന്നിവ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചു. == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == ഹാരി ഹോഫ്മാന്റെയും (1908-1987) ലിലിയന്റെയും (ഗോൾഡ്; 1909-1982) രണ്ടാമത്തെ മകനായി [[കാലിഫോർണിയ|കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ]] ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ 1937 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="cabi">{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|title=Dustin Lee Hoffman, born 08/08/1937|access-date=August 14, 2014|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080653/http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|archive-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ഫർണിച്ചർ സെയിൽസ്മാൻ ആകുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് കൊളംബിയ പിക്ചേഴ്സിൽ പ്രൊപ്പ് സൂപ്പർവൈസറായി (സെറ്റ് ഡെക്കറേറ്റർ) ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|title=Film Reference.com biography|access-date=March 2, 2010|publisher=Filmreference.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203104332/http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == വ്യക്തിജീവിതം == 1963-ൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ആൻ ബൈർണിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും{{r|meryman200403}} 1969 മെയ് മാസത്തിൽ അവരെ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="tribute">[http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813 Dustin Hoffman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721233444/http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813|date=July 21, 2010}} at Tribute.ca. Retrieved January 23, 2008.</ref> ബൈർണിന്റെ മുൻ വിവാഹത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കുട്ടിയായ കരീനയെ (ജനനം 1967) അദ്ദേഹം ദത്തെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ദമ്പതികൾക്ക് ജെന്ന എന്ന ഒരു മകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു (ജനനം ഒക്ടോബർ 15, 1969). 1970-ൽ, ഹോഫ്മാനും ബൈർണും ഗ്രീൻവിച്ച് വില്ലേജിൽ തീവ്രവാദ ഗ്രൂപ്പായ വെതർമെൻ അംഗങ്ങൾ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു ടൗൺഹൗസിന് തൊട്ടടുത്തുള്ള ഒരു കെട്ടിടത്തിൽ താമസിച്ചിരുന്നു. ആ സമയത്ത് ടൗൺഹൗസിന്റെ ബേസ്മെന്റിൽ അബദ്ധത്തിൽ ഒരു ബോംബ് പൊട്ടിത്തെറിച്ച് മൂന്ന് പേർ കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയുണ്ടായി. 2002-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി വെതർ അണ്ടർഗ്രൗണ്ട് എന്ന ഡോക്യുമെന്ററിയിൽ, സ്ഫോടനത്തിന് ശേഷം ഹോഫ്മാൻ തെരുവിൽ നിൽക്കുന്നത് കാണാം.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|title=A bomb explodes in Greenwich Village in 1970|access-date=March 11, 2016|date=March 5, 2015|website=NY Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073120/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|title=The History Of The Weathermen Town House (With Cameos By Dustin Hoffman, James Merrill, and Paddington Bear)|access-date=March 11, 2016|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 1980-ൽ ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹമോചനം നേടി. മുൻ ഭാര്യയുമായുള്ള വേർപിരിയലിനുശേഷം, അദ്ദേഹം ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗനുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. അവരുടെ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ ഒരുമിച്ച് വളർന്നവരായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-lakers-game-rare-public-outing-photo-8418062|title=Dustin Hoffman Makes Rare Public Outing with Wife Lisa at Lakers Game|access-date=2024-01-21|last=Juneau|first=Jen|date=19 December 2023|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഇക്കാലത്ത് ജൂറിസ് ഡോക്ടർ ബിരുദം പൂർത്തിയാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. 1980 ഒക്ടോബർ 12 ന് ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹിതരായി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|title=Dustin Hoffman's Wife Lisa Dishes on the Secret to Their 37-Year Marriage!|access-date=September 25, 2022|last=Staff|first=Closer|date=July 19, 2017|website=Closer Weekly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105001833/https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|archive-date=January 5, 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജേക്കബ് എഡ്വേർഡ് (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 20, 1981), റെബേക്ക ലിലിയൻ (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 17, 1983), മാക്സ്വെൽ ജെഫ്രി (ജനനം: ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 30, 1984), അലക്സാണ്ട്ര ലിഡിയ "അലി" (ജനനം: ഒക്ടോബർ 27, 1987) തുടങ്ങിയ നാലു കുട്ടികളാണ് അവർക്കുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1937-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹോളിവുഡ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നടന്മാർ]] qe68iq9stgckkem6bc5dsugfsc59o7h 4644218 4644217 2026-07-07T14:03:08Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Dustin Hoffman}} {{Infobox person | name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | image = Dustin Hoffman at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival. 02 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = 2025 ലെ ടൊറന്റോ ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_name = ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|08|08}} | birth_place = [[ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസ്]], കാലിഫോർണിയ, യു.എസ്. | death_date = | death_place = | education = <!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools only --> | occupation = {{hlist|നടൻ | ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | years_active = 1960–തുടരുന്നു | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക്]] | children = [[Jake Hoffman (actor)|ജെയ്ക്ക്]] ഉൾപ്പെടെ 6 | spouse = {{ubl| {{marriage|[[Anne Byrne (actress)|ആനി ബൈർൺ]]|May 1969|1980|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|[[Lisa Hoffman|ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗൻ]]|October 1980}} }} | works = [[Dustin Hoffman filmography|Full lists]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Dustin Hoffman|Full list]] | module = {{listen| embed=yes |filename = Dustin_hoffman_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_02_12_2012_b01p314n.flac |title = Dustin Hoffman's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' December 2, 2012<ref>{{cite episode |title=Dustin Hoffman |series=[[Desert Island Discs]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=December 2, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145012/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p314n |archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>}} }} '''ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ''' (ജനനം ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8, 1937) ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ നടനും ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവുമാണ്<ref name='bio'>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |title=www.biography.com |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526015410/http://www.biography.com/people/dustin-hoffman-9341124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ന്യൂ ഹോളിവുഡ് പ്രസ്ഥാന രൂപീകരണത്തിലെ പ്രധാന നടന്മാരിൽ ഒരാളെന്ന നിലയിൽ, പ്രതിനായക കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളുടെയും വൈകാരികമായി ദുർബലരായ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളുടെയും വൈവിധ്യമാർന്ന ചിത്രീകരണങ്ങളുടെ പേരിൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ നിരവധി അംഗീകാരങ്ങളിൽ രണ്ട് [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്|അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ]], അഞ്ച് [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് പുരസ്കാരം|ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്]], നാലു തവണ [[ബാഫ്ത പുരസ്കാരം|ബാഫ്ത]], രണ്ട് [[എമ്മി പുരസ്കാരം|എമ്മി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നീ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾക്ക് അർഹനായിട്ടുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ ഒരു ടോണി അവാർഡിനുള്ള നാമനിർദ്ദേശവും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. 1997-ൽ സെസിൽ ബി. ഡെമിൽ അവാർഡ്, 1999-ൽ എ.എഫ്ഐ ലൈഫ് അച്ചീവ്മെന്റ് അവാർഡ്, 2012-ൽ കെന്നഡി സെന്റർ ഓണേഴ്സ് അവാർഡ് എന്നിവ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആദരിച്ചു.<ref name="variety.com">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1999/film/news/a-listers-turn-out-for-afi-s-hoffman-tribute-1117491484/|title=A-listers turn out for AFI's Hoffman tribute|access-date=May 8, 2020|date=February 22, 1999|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/12/26/kennedy-center-honors-david-letterman-dustin-hoffman-led-zeppelin/|title=Kennedy Center Honors review: David Letterman, Dustin Hoffman, and others celebrated as 'difficult, demanding, passive-aggressive'|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|first=Ken|last=Tucker|date=December 26, 2012|access-date=May 8, 2020}}</ref> == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == ഹാരി ഹോഫ്മാന്റെയും (1908-1987) ലിലിയന്റെയും (ഗോൾഡ്; 1909-1982) രണ്ടാമത്തെ മകനായി [[കാലിഫോർണിയ|കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ]] ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ 1937 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ഡസ്റ്റിൻ ലീ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="cabi">{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|title=Dustin Lee Hoffman, born 08/08/1937|access-date=August 14, 2014|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080653/http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/dustin_lee_hoffman_born_1937_1929184|archive-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ഫർണിച്ചർ സെയിൽസ്മാൻ ആകുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് കൊളംബിയ പിക്ചേഴ്സിൽ പ്രൊപ്പ് സൂപ്പർവൈസറായി (സെറ്റ് ഡെക്കറേറ്റർ) ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|title=Film Reference.com biography|access-date=March 2, 2010|publisher=Filmreference.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203104332/http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Dustin-Hoffman.html|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == വ്യക്തിജീവിതം == 1963-ൽ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ആൻ ബൈർണിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും{{r|meryman200403}} 1969 മെയ് മാസത്തിൽ അവരെ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="tribute">[http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813 Dustin Hoffman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721233444/http://www.tribute.ca/people/Dustin+Hoffman/3813|date=July 21, 2010}} at Tribute.ca. Retrieved January 23, 2008.</ref> ബൈർണിന്റെ മുൻ വിവാഹത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കുട്ടിയായ കരീനയെ (ജനനം 1967) അദ്ദേഹം ദത്തെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ദമ്പതികൾക്ക് ജെന്ന എന്ന ഒരു മകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു (ജനനം ഒക്ടോബർ 15, 1969). 1970-ൽ, ഹോഫ്മാനും ബൈർണും ഗ്രീൻവിച്ച് വില്ലേജിൽ തീവ്രവാദ ഗ്രൂപ്പായ വെതർമെൻ അംഗങ്ങൾ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു ടൗൺഹൗസിന് തൊട്ടടുത്തുള്ള ഒരു കെട്ടിടത്തിൽ താമസിച്ചിരുന്നു. ആ സമയത്ത് ടൗൺഹൗസിന്റെ ബേസ്മെന്റിൽ അബദ്ധത്തിൽ ഒരു ബോംബ് പൊട്ടിത്തെറിച്ച് മൂന്ന് പേർ കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയുണ്ടായി. 2002-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി വെതർ അണ്ടർഗ്രൗണ്ട് എന്ന ഡോക്യുമെന്ററിയിൽ, സ്ഫോടനത്തിന് ശേഷം ഹോഫ്മാൻ തെരുവിൽ നിൽക്കുന്നത് കാണാം.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|title=A bomb explodes in Greenwich Village in 1970|access-date=March 11, 2016|date=March 5, 2015|website=NY Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312073120/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/bomb-detonates-greenwich-village-1970-article-1.2136142|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|title=The History Of The Weathermen Town House (With Cameos By Dustin Hoffman, James Merrill, and Paddington Bear)|access-date=March 11, 2016|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/msolomon/2014/08/20/the-history-of-the-weathermen-town-house/#4870458c5130|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 1980-ൽ ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹമോചനം നേടി. മുൻ ഭാര്യയുമായുള്ള വേർപിരിയലിനുശേഷം, അദ്ദേഹം ലിസ ഗോട്ട്സെഗനുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. അവരുടെ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ ഒരുമിച്ച് വളർന്നവരായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-lakers-game-rare-public-outing-photo-8418062|title=Dustin Hoffman Makes Rare Public Outing with Wife Lisa at Lakers Game|access-date=2024-01-21|last=Juneau|first=Jen|date=19 December 2023|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഇക്കാലത്ത് ജൂറിസ് ഡോക്ടർ ബിരുദം പൂർത്തിയാക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. 1980 ഒക്ടോബർ 12 ന് ദമ്പതികൾ വിവാഹിതരായി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|title=Dustin Hoffman's Wife Lisa Dishes on the Secret to Their 37-Year Marriage!|access-date=September 25, 2022|last=Staff|first=Closer|date=July 19, 2017|website=Closer Weekly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105001833/https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/dustin-hoffman-wife-lisa-married-137231/|archive-date=January 5, 2026|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജേക്കബ് എഡ്വേർഡ് (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 20, 1981), റെബേക്ക ലിലിയൻ (ജനനം: മാർച്ച് 17, 1983), മാക്സ്വെൽ ജെഫ്രി (ജനനം: ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 30, 1984), അലക്സാണ്ട്ര ലിഡിയ "അലി" (ജനനം: ഒക്ടോബർ 27, 1987) തുടങ്ങിയ നാലു കുട്ടികളാണ് അവർക്കുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1937-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 8-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹോളിവുഡ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നടന്മാർ]] anyp3v2v2405wmoyqtexmv1weq2gsic 0 59289 4644262 4604049 2026-07-07T19:28:05Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam}}{{Infobox musical artist | name = എസ്.പി. ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം | background = solo_singer | image = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam at the 'Gurkha' Audio Launch.jpg | caption = ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം 2019 ൽ | native_name_lang = | birth_name = ശ്രീപതി പണ്ഡിതാരാധ്യുല ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം | birth_date = 1946 ജൂൺ 4 | birth_place = [[നെല്ലൂർ (തമിഴ്‍ നാട്)]], [[മദ്രാസ് പ്രസിഡൻസി]], [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യ]] (ഇന്നത്തെ [[ആന്ധ്രാ പ്രദേശ്]])<ref>{{Cite news|last=Naidu|first=M. Venkaiah|date=25 September 2020|title=Press Information bureau of India|language=en-IN|work=Press Bureau of India|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1658959|access-date=25 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008202333/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1658959|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sp-balasubrahmanyam-the-end-of-an-era/article32695994.ece|title=S.P. Balasubrahmanyam: The end of an era|website=The Hindu|first=Murali|last=S.|date=25 September 2020|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926020903/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sp-balasubrahmanyam-the-end-of-an-era/article32695994.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/veteran-singer-sp-balasubrahmanyam-donates-his-ancestral-home-to-shri-kanchi-kamakoti-math/articleshow/74132294.cms|title=SPB donates his ancestral home in Nellore to kanchi math|website=The Times of India|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=9 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309201340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/veteran-singer-sp-balasubrahmanyam-donates-his-ancestral-home-to-shri-kanchi-kamakoti-math/articleshow/74132294.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=V|first=Narayana|date=24 September 2020|title=SPB: The voice that captivated millions will never be stilled|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/spb-the-voice-that-captivated-millions-will-never-be-stilled/article32694156.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927024138/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/spb-the-voice-that-captivated-millions-will-never-be-stilled/article32694156.ece|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=25 September 2020|website=The Hindu Businessline|language=en}}</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|09|25|1946|06|04|mf=yes}} | death_place = ചെന്നൈ, തമിഴ്നാട് | genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]<ref name="timesofindia" /> | occupation = {{hlist|ഗായകൻ<br>നടൻ<br>സംഗീത സംവിധായകൻ<br>ഡബ്ബിംഗ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റ്<br>നിർമ്മാതാവ്}} | years_active = 1966–2019 | module = {{Infobox person |embed = yes | honours = {{plainlist| * [[പത്മവിഭൂഷൺ]] (2021) (മരണാനന്തരം) * [[പത്മഭൂഷൺ]] (2011) * [[പത്മശ്രീ]] (2001) }} }} }} ഇന്ത്യൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗത്തെ ഒരു ഗായകനും നടനും സംഗീതസംവിധായകനും നിർമ്മാതാവുമായിരുന്നു '''എസ്. പി. ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം (1946-2020)''' അഥവാ '''ശ്രീപതി പണ്ഡിതാരാധ്യുല ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം''' ([[തെലുഗു]]: శ్రీపతి పండితారాధ్యుల బాలసుబ్రహ్మణ్యం, [[തമിഴ്]]: ஸ்ரீபதி பண்டிதாராத்யுல பாலசுப்பிரமண்ணியம், [[കന്നഡ]]: ಶ್ರೀಪತಿ ಪಂಡಿತಾರಾಧ್ಯುಲ ಬಾಲಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯಂ) (ജനനം: [[ജൂൺ 4]] [[1946]]). '''എസ്.പി.ബി.''' എന്നും '''ബാലു''' എന്നും ഇദ്ദേഹം അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. [[പത്മശ്രീ]] (2001), [[പത്മഭൂഷൺ|പത്മ ഭൂഷൺ]] (2011),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/chennai/spb-wins-padma-bhushan-no-bharat-ratna-year-615|title=SPB wins Padma Bhushan, no Bharat Ratna this year|access-date=2 May 2011|date=26 January 2011|work=Deccan Chronicle|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430053926/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/chennai/spb-wins-padma-bhushan-no-bharat-ratna-year-615|archive-date=30 April 2011|author=DC Correspondent|url-status=live}}</ref> [[പത്മവിഭൂഷൺ|പത്മവിഭൂഷൻ]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/spb-padma-vibhushan-ks-chitra-padma-bhushan-7161363/|title=SPB honoured with Padma Vibhushan posthumously; KS Chithra gets Padma Bhushan|access-date=25 January 2021|last=Sharma|first=Priyanka|date=25 January 2021|website=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125174519/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/spb-padma-vibhushan-ks-chitra-padma-bhushan-7161363/|archive-date=2021-01-25|url-status=live}}</ref> എന്നീ ബഹുമതികൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഇന്ത്യൻ സർക്കാർ നൽകിയിരുന്നു. ആറ് [[ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്ര പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ|ദേശീയ അവാർഡുകൾ]] നേടിയ അദ്ദേഹം സമകാലികനായ [[കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസ്|യേശുദാസിനുശേഷം]] ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ തവണ ഈ പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ച വ്യക്തിയാണ്. == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == [[ആന്ധ്രപ്രദേശ്|ആന്ധ്രപ്രദേശിലെ]] നെല്ലൂരിനടുത്തുള്ള ''കൊനെട്ടമ്മപേട്ട'' എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് 1946 ജൂൺ 4-നാണ് എസ്.പി. ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം. ജനിച്ചത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് അന്തരിച്ച എസ്. പി. സംബമൂർത്തി [[നാടകം|നാടകങ്ങളിലും]] അഭിനയിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു [[ഹരികഥ|ഹരികഥാ]] കലാകാരനായിരുന്നു.<ref name="Early life">{{cite news|author=Suganthy Krishnamachari|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article595994.ece|title=Arts / Music : Motivating, musically|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 August 2010|accessdate=2 May 2011}}</ref> 2019 ഫെബ്രുവരി 4-ന് അന്തരിച്ച ശകുന്തളാമ്മയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മാതാവ്.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sp-balasubrahmanyam-loses-his-mother/articleshow/67847082.cms|title=SP Balasubrahmanyam loses his mother|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ഗായിക [[എസ്. പി. ഷൈലജ]] ഉൾപ്പെടെ രണ്ട് സഹോദരന്മാരും അഞ്ച് സഹോദരിമാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിനുള്ളത്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/05/stories/2005120501970200.htm|title=Kerala / Thiruvananthapuram News : S.P.Balasubramaniam shares memories with music buffs|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 December 2005|accessdate=2 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/25214939/SP-Balasubramaniam-world-recor.html|title=Tamil Cinema news&nbsp;– Tamil Movies&nbsp;– Cinema seithigal}}</ref><ref>{{cite Web|url=https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/rumours-rife-s-p-balasubrahmanyam-health/|title=Rumours Rife on SPB Health|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> തന്റെ കുട്ടിക്കാലത്ത് തന്നെ സംഗീതത്തോട് വലിയ താത്പര്യം പ്രകടിപ്പിച്ചിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് ആഗ്രഹിച്ചിരുന്നത്, എസ്.പി.ബി. ഒരു എൻ‌ജിനീയർ ആവണമെന്നായിരുന്നു. അനന്തപൂരിലെ JNTU എൻ‌ജിനീയറിംഗ് കോളേജിൽ ചേർന്നുവെങ്കിലും [[ടൈഫോയ്ഡ്|ടൈഫോയിഡ്]] പിടിപെട്ടതിനാൽ അവിടുത്തെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം തുടരാൻ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് സാധിച്ചില്ല. പിന്നീട് എസ്.പി.ബി. [[ചെന്നൈ|ചെന്നൈയിലെ]] ഇൻസ്റ്റിട്ട്യൂഷൻ ഓഫ് എൻജിനിയേഴ്സിൽ പ്രവേശനം നേടി.<ref name="TheHinduAward20122">{{cite news|title=Singer S.P. Balasubrahmanyam honoured|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/singer-sp-balasubrahmanyam-honoured/article3513621.ece|accessdate=22 July 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="67thBirthdayBlurb2">{{cite web|url=http://www.andhra365.in/2013/06/spbalasubrahmanyams-67th-birthday.html|title=SP.Balasubrahmanyam's 67th Birthday|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=4 June 2013|quote=Today, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is celebrating his 67th birthday. He was born on 4 June 1946 into a Brahmin family in Nellore. Balasubrahmanyam started singing from a very young age. After dropping out from an engineering program in JNTU, SPB got his first break in 1966, when he sang for ''Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna'' and he has sung over 40,000 songs. The State Government of AP presented the Nandi Award to Balasubrahmanyam 25 times. The Govt. of India honoured him with a Padma Bhushan award in 2011 and also presented him with six National Awards.|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407081546/http://www.andhra365.in/2013/06/spbalasubrahmanyams-67th-birthday.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> പക്ഷേ അപ്പോഴൊക്കെയും സംഗീതത്തെ അദ്ദേഹം ഹൃദയത്തോടു ചേർത്തുപിടിച്ചിരുന്നു. പല ആലാപന മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നല്ല ഗായകനായി അദ്ദേഹം തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1964 ൽ [[മദ്രാസ് സംസ്ഥാനം|മദ്രാസ്]] ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള തെലുങ്ക് കൾച്ചറൽ ഓർഗനൈസേഷൻ സംഘടിപ്പിച്ച അമേച്വർ ഗായകർക്കുള്ള സംഗീത മത്സരത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഒന്നാം സമ്മാനം നേടി. അനിരുത്ത ([[ഹാർമോണിയം]]), [[ഇളയരാജ|ഇളയയരാജ]] ([[ഗിറ്റാർ|ഗിറ്റാറിലും]] പിന്നീട് [[ഹാർമോണിയം|ഹാർമോണിയത്തിലും]]), ഭാസ്കർ (കൊട്ടുവാദ്യത്തിൽ), [[ഗംഗൈ അമരൻ]] ([[ഗിറ്റാർ|ഗിറ്റാർ‌]]) എന്നിവരടങ്ങിയ ഒരു ലൈറ്റ് മ്യൂസിക് ട്രൂപ്പിന്റെ നായകനായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം.<ref>''Dinathanthi'', Nellai Edition, 11 August 2006, p. 11.</ref> പ്രശസ്ത സംഗീതജ്ഞരായിരുന്ന എസ്. പി. കോദണ്ഡപാണിയും ഘണ്ടശാലയും വിധികർത്താക്കളായിരുന്ന ഒരു ആലാപന മത്സരത്തിൽ മികച്ച ഗായകനായി അദ്ദേഹം തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artistopia.com/s-p-balasubrahmanyam|title=SP Balasubrahmanyam|accessdate=1 May 2011|publisher=Artistopia.com|archive-date=2012-07-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719013528/http://www.artistopia.com/s-p-balasubrahmanyam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkbase.info/pageS._P._Balasubramanyam.html|title=S. P. Balasubramanyam&nbsp;– Photos and All Basic Informations|accessdate=1 May 2011|publisher=Networkbase.info|archive-date=2012-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331220511/http://www.networkbase.info/pageS._P._Balasubramanyam.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> എസ്. പി. അവസരങ്ങൾ തേടി സംഗീതസംവിധായകരെ പലപ്പോഴും സന്ദർശിക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്ന കാലത്ത് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ ഓഡിഷൻ ഗാനം "നിലവേ എന്നിടം നെരുങ്കാതെ" ആയിരുന്നു. മുതിർന്ന പിന്നണി ഗായകനായിരുന്ന [[പി.ബി. ശ്രീനിവാസ്]] തെലുങ്ക്, തമിഴ്, ഹിന്ദി, കന്നഡ, മലയാളം, സംസ്‌കൃതം, ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്, ഉറുദു എന്നീ ഭാഷകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഗാനങ്ങൾ എഴുതി നൽകാറുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article786498.ece|title=Arts / Music : An unsung genius|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 September 2010|accessdate=12 June 2011}}</ref> === ബാൻഡ് === ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകനാകും മുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു ഗാനമേള ട്രൂപ്പിൽ അംഗമായിരുന്നു. ലളിത സംഗീതത്തിന്റെ ആലാപനത്തിലും ശ്രദ്ധേയനായി.<ref>Dinathanthi, Nellai Edition, Page 11 dated Aug 11,2006</ref> == ചലച്ചിത്ര ലോകത്ത് == ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായക രംഗത്തേക്ക് അദ്ദേഹം വന്നത് 1966-ലെ ''ശ്രീ ശ്രീ ശ്രീ മര്യാദ രാമണ്ണ ''എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ പാടിക്കൊണ്ടാണ്. അതിനു ശേഷം ഇതുവരെ അദ്ദേഹം 39,000 ലധികം ഗാനങ്ങൾ പതിനൊന്നോളം ഇന്ത്യൻ ഭാഷകളിലായി പാടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spbala.com/ |title=Welcome to S.P.Balasubrahmanyam (playback singer, producer, actor, music director) home page<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-12-25 |archive-date=2008-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221103627/http://www.spbala.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഇതിൽ [[തെലുങ്ക്]], [[തമിഴ്]], [[കന്നഡ]] എന്നീ ഭാഷകളിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം കൂടുതൽ പാടിയിട്ടുള്ളത്. ഇതിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ പാടിയിട്ടുള്ളത് തമിഴിലാണ്. [[ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യ|ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യയിലെ]] എല്ലാ പ്രമുഖ സംഗീതസംവിധായകരും അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഗാനങ്ങൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ചലച്ചിത്രം പിന്നണിഗാനങ്ങൾ പാടിയ ഗായകൻ എന്ന [[ഗിന്നസ് പുസ്തകം|ഗിന്നസ്]] ലോകറെകോർഡ് എസ്.പി.ബി ക്ക് സ്വന്തമാണ്. (ഗായിക എന്ന റെക്കോർഡ് [[ലതാ മങ്കേഷ്കർ]]). ഗായകനെന്നതിന്റെയൊപ്പം നടൻ, സംഗീതസംവിധായകൻ, ഡബ്ബിങ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റ് എന്നീ നിലകളിലും എസ്.പി.ബി. ജനപ്രീതി പിടിച്ചുപറ്റിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഏറ്റവും നല്ല ഗായകനുള്ള ദേശീയ അവാർഡ് ആറു തവണ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്‌ ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസ്|കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസിനുശേഷം]] ഈ അവാർഡ് ഏറ്റവുമധികം തവണ ലഭിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് അദ്ദേഹത്തിനാണ്‌. == സ്വകാര്യജീവിതം == സാവിത്രിയാണ് എസ്.പി.ബി.യുടെ ഭാര്യ. ഇവർക്ക് പിന്നണി ഗായകനും സിനിമാ നിർമ്മാതാവുമായ [[എസ്.പി.ബി. ചരൺ]] എന്നൊരു മകനും<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/01/13/stories/2004011300950200.htm|title=The cup of joy called friendship|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 January 2004|accessdate=2 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/11/26/stories/2009112651250400.htm|title=Metro Plus Madurai / Events : A medley of sorts|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 November 2009|accessdate=12 June 2011|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084022/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/11/26/stories/2009112651250400.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> പല്ലവി എന്നൊരു മകളുമുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/09/19/stories/2003091901160200.htm|title=Unnai Charan Adainthaen|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 September 2003|accessdate=2 May 2011|archive-date=2007-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922063026/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/09/19/stories/2003091901160200.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/30210811/cinema-history-sp-balasubraman.html|title=Tamil Cinema news&nbsp;– Tamil Movies&nbsp;– Cinema seithigal}}</ref> എസ്.പി.ബി. ചരൺ അച്ഛന്റെ വഴി പിന്തുടർന്ന് ഗായകനും നടനുമായി ശ്രദ്ധേയനായി. ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യത്തിന്റെ മാതാവ് ശകുന്തളാമ്മ 2019 ഫെബ്രുവരി 4 ന് നെല്ലൂരിൽ വച്ച് 89 ആം വയസ്സിലാണ് അന്തരിച്ചത്.<ref name="indiatimes.com2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sp-balasubrahmanyam-loses-his-mother/articleshow/67847082.cms|title=SP Balasubrahmanyam loses his mother|website=The Times of India}}</ref> == ഡബ്ബിംഗ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റ് == [[കെ. ബാലചന്ദർ|കെ. ബാലചന്ദറിന്റെ]] മന്മഥ ലീല എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ അബദ്ധവശാൽ ഒരു ഡബ്ബിംഗ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റായിത്തീർന്ന ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം ഈ ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ തെലുങ്ക് മൊഴിമാറ്റത്തിൽ [[കമൽ ഹാസൻ|കമൽ ഹാസന്]] ശബ്ദം നൽകി.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://andhravilas.com/movienews.asp?id=90961&curPage=18|title=Chit chat with S. P. Balasubramaniam&nbsp;– Andhravilas.com -Telugu Cinema, Telugu Movies, India News & World News, Bollywood, Songs|accessdate=2 May 2011|date=26 March 2009|publisher=Andhravilas.com|author=sales@andhravilas.net|archive-date=2011-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707141241/http://andhravilas.com/movienews.asp?id=90961&curPage=18|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[കമൽ ഹാസൻ]], [[രജിനികാന്ത്|രജനീകാന്ത്]], വിഷ്ണുവർദ്ധൻ, [[സൽമാൻ ഖാൻ]], [[കെ. ഭാഗ്യരാജ്]], മോഹൻ, [[അനിൽ കപൂർ]], [[ഗിരീഷ് കർണാഡ്|ഗിരീഷ് കർണാട്]], [[ജെമിനി ഗണേശൻ]], അർജുൻ സർജ, [[നാഗേഷ്]], [[കാർത്തിക് ശിവകുമാർ|കാർത്തിക്]], [[രഘുവരൻ]] എന്നിങ്ങനെ വിവിധ കലാകാരന്മാർക്ക് വേണ്ടി വിവിധ ഭാഷകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ശബ്ദം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. തമിഴ് ചിത്രങ്ങളുടെ തെലുങ്ക് ഡബ്ബ് പതിപ്പുകളിൽ കമൽ ഹാസന്റെ സ്ഥിരം ഡബ്ബിംഗ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റായി അദ്ദേഹം പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിരുന്നു. ദശാവതാരം എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിറെ തെലുങ്ക് പതിപ്പിനായി, കമൽ ഹാസൻ അവതരിപ്പിച്ച പത്ത് കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളിൽ ഏഴ് കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾക്ക് (ഒരു സ്ത്രീ കഥാപാത്രമടക്കം) അദ്ദേഹം ശബ്ദം നൽകി.<ref>[http://andhravilas.com/movienews.asp?id=90961&curPage=18 Chit chat with S. P. Balasubramaniam&nbsp;– Andhravilas.com -Telugu Cinema, Telugu Movies, India News & World News, Bollywood, Songs :] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707141241/http://andhravilas.com/movienews.asp?id=90961&curPage=18 |date=2011-07-07 }}. Andhravilas.com (26 March 2009). Retrieved 7 January 2012.</ref> അണ്ണാമയ്യ, ശ്രീ സായ് മഹിമ എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങൾക്ക് മികച്ച പുരുഷ ഡബ്ബിംഗ് ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റിനുള്ള നന്ദി അവാർഡും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ലഭിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2000.html|title=Telugu Cinema Etc - Idlebrain.com|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> 2012 ൽ ശ്രീരാമ രാജ്യം എന്ന സിനിമയുടെ തമിഴ് പതിപ്പിനായി നന്ദമുരി ബാലകൃഷ്ണയ്ക്കുവേണ്ട് ഡബ്ബ് ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilcinemanews123.blogspot.in/2012/04/spb-and-chinmayi-voice-for-balakrishna_02.html|title=SPB and Chinmayi voice for Balakrishna and Nayanthara in Sri Rama Rajyam movie&nbsp;– Tamil Cinema News&nbsp;– Latest News on Kollywood|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> [[ബെൻ കിംഗ്സ്ലി|ബെൻ കിംഗ്സ്ലിയുടെ]] [[ഗാന്ധി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗാന്ധി]] സിനിമയുടെ തെലുങ്ക് പതിപ്പിന് ശബ്ദം നൽകിയതും ബാലസുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/SPB-naturally/article15937688.ece|title=SPB, naturally|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 March 2009|accessdate=4 April 2017}}</ref> * [[കമൽ ഹാസൻ]] (സാഗര സംഗമം, സ്വാതി മുത്യം എന്നിവ ഒഴികെ തമിഴിൽനിന്നു തെലുങ്കിലേയ്ക്ക് മൊഴിമാറ്റം ചെയ്ത എല്ലാ ' ചിത്രങ്ങളും). * [[കമൽ ഹാസൻ]]- സിപ്പിക്കുൽ മുത്ത് (1985) (സ്വാതി മുത്തിയത്തിന്റെ തമിഴ് ഡബ്ബിംഗ്) കൂടാതെ ചില നേരിട്ടുള്ള തെലുങ്ക് സിനിമകൾ. * [[രജിനികാന്ത്|രജനീകാന്ത്]] (തമിഴിൽനിന്ന് തെലുങ്കിലേയ്ക്ക് മൊഴിമാറ്റം ചെയ്ത ചില ചിത്രങ്ങൾ) == മലയാള ഗാനങ്ങൾ == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%" ! scope="col" width="5%" |'''വർഷം''' ! scope="col" width="21%" |'''സിനിമ''' ! scope="col" width="21%" |'''ഗാനം''' ! scope="col" width="18%" |'''സംഗീത സംവിധാനം''' ! scope="col" width="17%" |'''രചയിതാവ്''' ! scope="col" width="18%" |'''സഹ ഗയകൻ/ഗായിക''' ! scope="col" width="18%" |'''കുറിപ്പുകൾ''' |- |1969 |[[കടൽപ്പാലം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|കടൽപ്പാലം]] |"ഈ കടലും മറുകടലും" |[[ജി. ദേവരാജൻ|ദേവരാജൻ]] |[[വയലാർ രാമവർമ്മ]] | | |- |1979 |[[സർപ്പം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|സർപ്പം]] |"സ്വർണ്ണമീനിന്റെ ചേലൊത്ത" |[[കെ.ജെ. ജോയ്]] |[[ബിച്ചു തിരുമല]] |[[കെ ജെ യേശുദാസ്]], [[പി. സുശീല]], [[വാണി ജയറാം]] | |- |1981 |''[[മുന്നേറ്റം]]'' |"ചിരികൊണ്ടു പൊതിയും" |[[ശ്യാം]] |[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] | |<ref name="mc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/listsongs.php?tot=120&g=31&p=2|title=List of Malayalam Songs sung by SP Balasubrahmanyam}}</ref> |- |1981 |''[[തുഷാരം]]'' |"മഞ്ഞേ വാ" |[[ശ്യാം]] |[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] |[[കെ.ജെ. യേശുദാസ്]] |<ref name="mc" /> |- |1981 |''[[ആക്രമണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആക്രമണം]]'' |"ലില്ലി ലില്ലി" |[[ശ്യാം]] |[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി]] | |<ref name="mc" /> |- |1983 |''യുദ്ധം'' |"കന്യകമാർക്കൊരു", "താരുണ്യത്തിൻ" |[[ശങ്കർ ഗണേഷ്]] |[[പൂവച്ചൽ ഖാദർ]] |[[വാണി ജയറാം]] |<ref name="mc" /> |- |1989 |''[[റാംജിറാവ് സ്പീക്കിങ്ങ്|റാംജി റാവു സ്പീക്കിംഗ്]]'' |"കലികാലം ഇത്" |[[എസ്. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |[[പൂവച്ചൽ ഖാദർ]] | |<ref name="mc2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/listsongs.php?tot=120&g=31&p=3|title=List of Malayalam Songs sung by SP Balasubrahmanyam}}</ref> |- |1991 |[[കിലുക്കം]] |"ഊട്ടിപ്പട്ടണം" |[[എസ്.പി. വെങ്കിടേഷ്]] |[[ബിച്ചു തിരുമല]] |[[എം.ജി. ശ്രീകുമാർ]], [[കെ.എസ്. ചിത്ര|ചിത്ര]] | |- |1991 |''[[അനശ്വരം]]'' |"താരാപഥം","കല്ലെല്ലാം" |[[ഇളയരാജ|ഇളയരാജാ]] | |[[കെ.എസ്. ചിത്ര]] |<ref name="mc2" /> |- |1993 |''[[ഓ ഫാബി]]'' |"ഡിങ്കാരാ ഡിങ്കാരാ" |[[ജോൺസൺ]] | | |<ref name="mc2" /> |- |2000 |[[ഡാർലിങ് ഡാർലിങ്]] |ഡാർലിങ് ഡാർലിങ്" (Version I) |[[ഔസേപ്പച്ചൻ]] | | | |- |2001 |[[ദോസ്ത്]] |"വാനം പോലെ" |[[വിദ്യാസാഗർ]] |[[എസ്. രമേശൻ നായർ]] |[[ബിജു നാരായണൻ]] | |- |2003 |''[[സി.ഐ.ഡി. മൂസ]]'' |"മേനേ പ്യാർ കിയാ" |[[വിദ്യാസാഗർ]] | | |<ref name="mc2" /> |- |} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{commons category|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam}} * [http://www.centralmusiq.com/singer-by-listings.php?singer=S.P.Balasubramaniam List of Tamil Songs by the Top Singer S.P.Balasubramaniam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211111739/http://www.centralmusiq.com/singer-by-listings.php?singer=S.P.Balasubramaniam |date=2009-02-11 }} * [http://www.myspb.blogspot.com/ Tamil Onling Songs Posted by Pep Sunder and Mr.Covai Ravee] * [http://www.spbindia.blogspot.com/ - Tamil Online Songs in English Vertion -Poated by Mr.Pep Sunder, Bostton, USA , Mr.Dasarathi and Covai Ravee.] * [http://www.spbdevo.blogspot.com - Dr.SPB Tamil Devotional Songs - Poated by Covai Ravee] * [http://www.spbkural.blogspot.com - Dr.SPB Tamil Thirukurall songs - Poated by Covai Ravee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602024655/http://spbkural.blogspot.com/ |date=2014-06-02 }} * [http://spbfansvoice.blogspot.com/ - Dr.SPB Fans Voice blog - Posted by Mr.Pep Sunder and Mr.Covai Ravee] * [http://zakaas4u.multiply.com/ - Dr. SPB Amazing Hindi Collections and Details - Posted by Mr.Vikas Kamble, Mumbai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129133809/http://zakaas4u.multiply.com/ |date=2009-01-29 }} * [http://myyespeebee.blogspot.com/ - Dr. SPB Telugu, Kannada Play Lists - Posted by Covai Ravee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403014741/http://myyespeebee.blogspot.com/ |date=2013-04-03 }} == അവലംബം == {{reflist}} {{National Film Award Best Male Playback Singer|state=collapsed}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1946-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജൂൺ 4-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തമിഴ്‌ചലച്ചിത്രനടന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തമിഴ് ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹിന്ദി ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെലുഗു ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കന്നഡ ചലച്ചിത്രപിന്നണിഗായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച ഗായകനുള്ള ദേശീയ ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹരിവരാസനം പുരസ്‌കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തമിഴ്നാട് സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2020-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സെപ്റ്റംബർ 25-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കോവിഡ്-19 മൂലം മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആയില്യം നക്ഷത്രജാതർ]] nnc548td64i2ilti394k0wfksdn2pbi 0 64355 4644398 4631353 2026-07-08T10:24:34Z Salmu770 173524 വ്യാകരണം ശരിയാക്കി 4644398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Kernel}} {{ആധികാരികത}} [[Image:Kernel Layout.svg|thumb|ഒരു കേർണൽ ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയറിനെ കമ്പ്യൂട്ടറിന്റെ ഹാർഡ്‌വെയറുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു]] ഉപയോക്താക്കൾ പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കുന്ന [[ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ|ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാമിന്നും]], ഡാറ്റകളെ മാറ്റങ്ങൾക്ക് വിധേയമാക്കുന്ന [[ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ|ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ]] തലത്തിനും ഇടയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന [[സിസ്റ്റം സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ]] ഭാഗമാണ് '''കെർണൽ'''. സിസ്റ്റത്തിലെ വിഭവങ്ങളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്‌ ഇതിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട ധർമ്മം. [[ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം|ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ]] അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായ ഭാഗം ആയതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ താഴെക്കിടയിലുള്ള [[മൈക്രോപ്രൊസസ്സർ|പ്രൊസസ്സർ]], ഇൻപുട്ട്/ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് ഘടകങ്ങൾ പോലെയുള്ള ഹാർഡ്‌വെയറുകൾക്കുവേണ്ടി ഒരു സംഗ്രഹിത പ്രത്യക്ഷതലം അവ നടപ്പിലാക്കിയിരിക്കും; [[ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ|ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയറുകൾ]] അവയുടെ ആവശ്യപൂർത്തീകരണത്തിനായി അവ ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുകയാണ്‌ ചെയ്യുക. പ്രൊസസ്സ്-ഇതര ആശയവിനിമയങ്ങൾ, സിസ്റ്റം കോളുകൾ തുടങ്ങിയവ വഴിയാണ്‌ സാധാരണ അവ നടപ്പിലാക്കുക. == പ്രവർത്തനം == ഒരു [[കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ|കമ്പ്യൂട്ടറിലെ]] റിസോഴ്സുകളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതും അത് വ്യത്യസ്ത ഉപഭോക്താക്കൾക്കും ,പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്കും ലഭ്യമാക്കുന്നതും കേർണൽ ആണ്. മിക്കവാറും [[ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം|ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റങ്ങളിലേയും]] മർമ്മപ്രധാനമായ ഭാഗമാണ് കേണൽ. കെർണൽ [[ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ|ഹാർഡ് വെയറുമായി]] സംവദിക്കുന്നു. ഇത് ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാമർക്ക് [[ഹാർഡ്‌വെയർ|ഹാർഡ് വെയർ]] പരിജ്ഞാനം ഇല്ലാതെ തന്നെ പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾ എഴുതുവാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്നു<ref name="PLA"> Title:Professional Linux Kernel Architecture,Author:Wolfgang Mauerer,Publisher:Wiley-India, 2008,ISBN:8126519290, 9788126519293</ref>. ഇവയെല്ലാം [[ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം|ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ]] ജോലി ആണു എന്നിരുന്നാലും silberschatz ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തെ ഇങ്ങനെ നിർവചിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു ''മുഴുവൻ സമയവും മറ്റെല്ലാ ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾക്കൊപ്പവും സിസ്റ്റം പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾക്കൊപ്പവും പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന പ്രോഗ്രാം, സാധാരണയായി കേർണൽ എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു'' <ref name="OSC6E">Title: OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS, 6ED, WINDOWS XP UPDATE ,Authors:Galvin, Silberschatz, Gagne, Publisher:Wiley-India, 2006,ISBN:812650885X, 9788126508853</ref>. എന്നാൽ ഒരു [[ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം|ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റം]] പൂർണമാകുന്നത് മറ്റു ചില ഘടകങ്ങൾ ഉദ്ദാഹരണമായി സെർവ്വറുകൾ, യൂസർ-ലെവൽ ലൈബ്രറികൾ തുടങ്ങിയവ കൂടിച്ചേരുമ്പോൾ ആണു<ref>http://www.cs.unc.edu/~dewan/242/s06/notes/intro/node14.html</ref>. [[ലിനക്സ് കെർണൽ|ലിനക്സ്]] ഇത്തരത്തിൽ തെറ്റിധരിക്കപ്പെട്ട ഒന്നാണു, ലിനക്സ് ഒരു കേർണൽ മാത്രമാണു സാധാരണയായി ലിനക്സ് എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഈ ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ ശരിയായ നാമം [[ഗ്നു/ലിനക്സ്]] എന്നാണു<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2012-01-30 |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629010546/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ സേവനങ്ങൾ കേർണലിന്റെ സഹായത്തോടെ ലഭിക്കുന്നതിനായി പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾ സിസ്റ്റം കോൾസ് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു<ref name="PLA"/> സിസ്റ്റം കോൾസ് [[സി (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ)|സി]] പ്രോഗ്രാമ്മിങ്ങ് ഭാഷയിലെ പ്രൊസീജറുകൾക്ക് സമാനമാണു എന്നാൽ [[സി (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ)|സി]] പ്രൊസീജറുകൾക്ക് കെർണൽസ്പേസിൽ കടക്കുവാൻ അനുവാദമില്ല<ref name="OSDI">TITLE : Operating Systems Design and Implementation (3rd Edition) (Prentice Hall Software Series),AUTHOR : Andrew S Tanenbaum, Albert S Woodhull,PUBLISHER : Prentice Hall,ISBN : 0131429388</ref>. ഒന്നിലധികം പ്രോഗ്രാമുകൾ സമാന്തരമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന സമയത്ത് കേർണൽ റിസോഴ്സ് മാനേജർ അയി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു<ref name="PLA"/>. == തരങ്ങൾ == [[മൈക്രോകേർണൽ]], [[മോണോലിത്തിക്ക് കെർണൽ]], [[ഹൈബ്രിഡ് കേർണൽ]] എന്നിങ്ങനെ വിവിധതരം കേർണലുകൾ നിലവിൽ ഉണ്ട്<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://it.toolbox.com/wiki/index.php/Kinds_of_Kernels |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2012-01-30 |archive-date=2012-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319161347/http://it.toolbox.com/wiki/index.php/Kinds_of_Kernels |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ഓരോ [[ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം|ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിലും]] രൂപകൽപ്പന, പ്രത്യക്ഷവൽക്കരണം എന്നിവയ്ക്കനുസൃതമായി അവയുടെ കർത്തവ്യം ചെയ്യുന്ന രീതിയിലും മാറ്റമുണ്ടാകും. [[മോണോലിത്തിക്ക് കെർണൽ|മോണോലിത്തിക്ക് കേർണലുകൾ]] സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ പ്രകടനം മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനായി ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിലെ എല്ലാ കോഡുകളും ഒരേ അഡ്രസ്സ് സ്പേസിൽതന്നെയാണ്‌ പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കുക, അതേ സമയം [[മൈക്രോകേർണൽ|മൈക്രോകേർണലുകൾ]] ഒരോ ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റം സേവനങ്ങളേയും യൂസർസ്പേസിൽ സെർ‌വറുകളായാണ്‌ പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കുക, ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്ങ് സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെ പരിപാലനവും ഘടകങ്ങളുടെ വ്യക്തിരിതയുമാണിതുവഴി ഉദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നത്.<ref name="mono-micro">Roch 2004</ref> രൂപകൽപ്പനയിലെ ഈ രണ്ട് ഉച്ചരീതികൾക്കുമിടയിൽ സാധ്യകളുള്ള രൂപകല്പനാ രീതികളും (ഹൈബ്രിഡ് കേർണൽ) നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} {{software-stub}} [[Category:ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ് സിസ്റ്റം]] ntxcfu2j32acjcflh8fo1imj6udllfu 0 80361 4644290 4484174 2026-07-08T02:59:15Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kavitha Balakrishnan}} {{Infobox Writer | name = ഡോ.കവിത ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ | image = Dr.Kavitha balakrishnan.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1976|06|01|df=y}} | birthplace =നടവരമ്പ്,[[ഇരിങ്ങാലക്കുട]],തൃശ്ശൂർ. | occupation = ലക്ചറർ,കവയിത്രി<br>കലാചരിത്രകാരി,ചിത്രകാരി | nationality = {{IND}} | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | debutworks = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | notableworks ='കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകലയുടെ വർത്തമാനം', അങ്കവാലുള്ള പക്ഷി(കവിതാസമാഹാരം), ഞാൻ ഹാജരുണ്ട് (കവിതാസമാഹാരം) }} [[മലയാളം|മലയാളത്തിലെ]] ശ്രദ്ധേയയായ ചിത്രകാരിയും കവിയും കലാനിരൂപകയും കലാചരിത്രകാരിയും ആണ്‌ '''കവിത ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ'''. 1998 മുതൽ 1999 കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ തിരുവനന്തപുരം ഫൈൻ ആർട്സ് കോളേജിൽ  ആർട്ട് ഹിസ്റ്ററി അദ്ധ്യാപികയായി തന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക ജീവിതം ആരംഭിച്ചു. പിന്നീട് ആർ. എൽ. വി. തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറയിലെ  മ്യൂസിക് ആൻഡ് ഫൈൻ ആർട്സ് കോളേജിലും  മുംബൈയിലെ നാഷനൽ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഓഫ് ഫാഷൻ ടെക്നോളജി (എൻഐഎഫ്ടി) എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും  വിസിറ്റിംഗ് ഫാക്കൽറ്റിയായി  സേവനം അനുഷ്ടിച്ചു. കവിത ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ നിലവിൽ ആർട്ട് ഹിസ്റ്ററി, സൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്ര  ലക്ചറർ ആയി തൃശൂരിലെ ഫൈൻ ആർട്സ് കോളേജിൽ  സേവനം ചെയുന്നു. ==ജീവിതരേഖ== [[ഇരിങ്ങാലക്കുട]]ക്കടുത്തുള്ള നടവരമ്പ് സ്വദേശി. 1976-ൽ ജനിച്ചു. പഠനം ബറോഡയിലെ എം.എസ് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ. [[കലാചരിത്രം|കലാചരിത്ര]]ത്തിലും [[സൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്രം|സൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്ര]]ത്തിലും ബിരുദാനന്തരബിരുദം നേടി. മലയാള ആനുകാലികങ്ങളുടെ ദൃശ്യപരതയിൽ രേഖാചിത്രീകരണത്തിന്റെ(Illustration) പ്രവർത്തനത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് ഗവേഷണ പ്രബന്ധം തയ്യാറാക്കി. പതിമൂന്നുവയസുള്ളപ്പോൾതന്നെ ചിത്രരചനയ്ക്ക് [[സോവിയറ്റ്ലാൻഡ് നെഹ്റു അവാർഡ്]] നേടി.തുടർന്ന് സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയനിലെ ക്രിമിയൻതീരത്ത് ആർത്തെക്ക് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ യങ്ങ് പയനിയർ ക്യമ്പിൽ പങ്കെടുത്തു. 'ആർത്തെക്ക് അനുഭവങ്ങൾ' [[ദേശാഭിമാനിവാരിക]]യിൽ ഖണ്ഡശ്ശഃ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുകയും പിന്നീട് പുസ്തകമായി പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 'ആർത്തെക്ക് അനുഭവങ്ങൾ'ക്ക് 2004-ലെ [[എസ്. ബി.റ്റി അവാർഡ്]] ലഭിച്ചു. മലയാളത്തിലെ ആനുകാലിക പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങളിലെ ഇല്ലസ്ട്രേഷനെപ്പറ്റിയും സ്ത്രീ ചിത്രകാരികളെപ്പറ്റിയും കോമിക് ചിത്രീകരണത്തെപ്പറ്റിയും ഏറ്റവും സൂക്ഷ്മമായ മൗലികനിരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ട് സമൃദ്ധമായ 'കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകലയുടെ വർത്തമാനം'എന്ന കലാപഠനഗ്രന്ഥത്തിന് മികച്ചകലാഗ്രന്ഥത്തിനുള്ള [[കേരള ലളിതകലാ അക്കാദമി]]യുടെ അവാർഡ് 2007-ൽ ലഭിച്ചു<ref>ജീവചരിത്രക്കുറിപ്പ്, കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകലയുടെ വർത്തമാനം(2008- രണ്ടാം പതിപ്പ്.), കവിത ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ -റെയ്ൻബോ പബ്ലിക്കേഷൻസ് ചെങ്ങന്നൂർ (ഒന്നാം പതിപ്പ്-2007)</ref>. ഇപ്പോൾ തൃശ്ശൂർ ഗവൺമ്മെന്റ് കോളേജ് ഓഫ് ഫൈൻ ആർട്സിൽ കലാചരിത്രത്തിൽ ലക്ചററായി ജോലിചെയ്യുന്നു. == അക്കാഡമിക് ജീവിതം == 1998 ൽ ബറോഡയിലെ മഹാരാജ സായാജിറാവു യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ നിന്നും ഫൈൻ ആർട്ട് ഹിസ്റ്ററി ആൻഡ് എസെതെറ്റിക്സ് ബിരുദം നേടി.പിന്നീട് അക്കാലത്തെ മലയാള സാഹിത്യ സംബന്ധിയായ ചിത്രീകരണങ്ങളടങ്ങിയ ഒരു ഗവേഷണ പ്രബന്ധം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു, ഇതിനായി 2009 ൽ കോട്ടയം  മഹാത്മ ഗാന്ധി യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ നിന്നും പിഎച്ച്.ഡി ലഭിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. ==കൃതികൾ== *ആർത്തെക്ക് അനുഭവങ്ങൾ (യാത്രാവിവരണം) *കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകലയുടെ വർത്തമാനം(പഠന ലേഖനങ്ങൾ) *അങ്കവാലുള്ള പക്ഷി(കവിതാസമാഹാരം) *ഞാൻ ഹാജരുണ്ട് (കവിതാസമാഹാരം) *ആധുനിക കേരളത്തിന്റെ ചിത്രകല: ആശയം പ്രയോഗം വ്യവഹാരം *കവിതയുടെ കവിതകൾ (കവിതാസമാഹാരം) *ദൃശ്യകലയിലെ ജൻഡർ രാഷ്ട്രീയം == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ == * പതിമൂനാം വയസിൽ ചിത്രരചനക്കു  ദി സോവിയറ്റ് ലാൻഡ് നെഹ്‌റു അവാർഡ് ലഭിച്ചു. * 2005 ൽ എസ്.ബി.ടി. സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്കാരവും 2007 ൽ അയ്യപ്പൻ പുരസ്ക്കാരവും ലഭിച്ചു. * 2007ൽ ലളിതകലാ അക്കാദമി മികച്ച മലയാള ആർട്ട് പുസ്തകമായി "കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകലയുടെ വർത്തമാനം" സംസ്ഥാന അവാർഡിന് അർഹമായി. * 2023-24 ലെ കലാസംബന്ധിയായ മികച്ച മൗലിക ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിനുള്ള കേരള ലളിതകലാ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ് - ദൃശ്യകലയിലെ ജൻഡർ രാഷ്ട്രീയം<ref>https://www.lalithkala.org/news/---</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == *[http://www.harithakam.com/ml/Poet.asp?ID=133 കവിതകൾ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717134226/http://www.harithakam.com/ml/Poet.asp?ID=133 |date=2011-07-17 }} *[http://www.openeyeddreams.com/opehelia/index.htm ഗാലറീ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314215302/http://openeyeddreams.com/opehelia/index.htm |date=2010-03-14 }} *[http://www.artconcerns.net/2007April1/html/essay_illustrations.htm ഗവേഷണ പ്രബന്ധം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118200531/http://www.artconcerns.net/2007April1/html/essay_illustrations.htm |date=2008-11-18 }} *[http://www.artconcerns.com/html/upclose.htm ചിത്രകാരന്മാരെകുറിചുള്ള പ്രബന്ധങൾ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019173353/http://www.artconcerns.com/html/upclose.htm |date=2008-10-19 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1976-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജനിച്ച ദിവസം ഇല്ലാത്ത ജീവചരിത്രലേഖനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളം എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ലയിൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ ചിത്രകാരന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളീയരായ ചിത്രകാരികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി എൻഡോവ്മെന്റ് പുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] 0v6i3v8lk7on7lb3z4smgb21u42sc4m 0 122999 4644338 4550638 2026-07-08T08:16:29Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kalanjoor Gramapanchayath}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ |ചിത്രം = |ജില്ല/മഹാനഗരം/പട്ടണം/ഗ്രാമം =പത്തനംതിട്ട /തിരുവനന്തപുരം/കോന്നി/ കലഞ്ഞൂർ |നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം=കോന്നി |ലോകസഭാമണ്ഡലം=പത്തനംതിട്ട |ജില്ല = പത്തനംതിട്ട |ഭരണസ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ =പഞ്ചായത്ത് |ഭരണസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ = പ്രസിഡന്റ് |ഭരണനേതൃത്വം =ബ്ലോക്ക് പഞ്ചായത്ത് |വിസ്തീർണ്ണം =66 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |ജനസംഖ്യ =32267<ref name="Census2001">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ 2001 സെൻസസ് പ്രകാരം]</ref> |ജനസാന്ദ്രത =489 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |Pincode/Zipcode = |TelephoneCode = |പ്രധാന ആകർഷണങ്ങൾ = |കുറിപ്പുകൾ= }} [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല|പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയുടെ]] [[കോന്നി]] താലൂക്കിൽ,തെക്കുകിഴക്കുഭാഗത്തായി '''കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്''' സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ആസ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നും 25 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയാണ് കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്ത്. 66 ചതുരശ്രമൈൽ വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള ഈ പഞ്ചായത്ത് [[കലഞ്ഞൂർ]], [[കൂടൽ]] എന്നീ രണ്ടു വില്ലേജുകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന മലയോരപ്രദേശമാണ്.കോന്നി താലൂക്ക് ആസ്ഥാനം 13 km അകലെ ആയി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. <ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്">{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |title=കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ് |access-date=2010-08-07 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == അതിരുകൾ == കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ അതിരുകൾ കിഴക്കുവശത്ത് [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|സഹ്യാദ്രിയും]], സംരക്ഷിതവനങ്ങളും തെക്കുഭാഗത്ത് [[പത്തനാപുരം]] പഞ്ചായത്തും, പടിഞ്ഞാറുഭാഗത്ത് ഏനാദിമംഗലം, കൊടുമൺ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളും വടക്കുഭാഗത്ത് അരുവാപ്പുലം പഞ്ചായത്തും തെക്കുകിഴക്കു ദിക്കിൽ പിറവന്തൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തും വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറു ദിക്കിൽ പ്രമാടം പഞ്ചായത്തുമാണ്.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == ഭൂപ്രകൃതി == പാറക്കെട്ടുകൾ നിറഞ്ഞ കുന്നിൻപ്രദേശങ്ങളും ചരിവുകളും താഴ്വരകളും വലുതും ചെറുതുമായ തോടുകളും [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകളും]] ഈ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതകളാണ്. പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗം വരുന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും നാണ്യവിളയായ [[റബ്ബർ]] [[കൃഷി]]ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> ==അവലംബം== <references/> == ഇതും കാണുക == *[[കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ പട്ടിക]] ==പുറമെ നിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *[http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഭരണസംവിധാനം}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ]] {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} tcnlrdce6srysl2iwqh4j68sb9q5kbn 4644347 4644338 2026-07-08T08:55:35Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kalanjoor Gramapanchayath}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ |ചിത്രം = |ജില്ല/മഹാനഗരം/പട്ടണം/ഗ്രാമം =പത്തനംതിട്ട /തിരുവനന്തപുരം/കോന്നി/ കലഞ്ഞൂർ |നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം=കോന്നി |ലോകസഭാമണ്ഡലം=പത്തനംതിട്ട |ജില്ല = പത്തനംതിട്ട |ഭരണസ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ =പഞ്ചായത്ത് |ഭരണസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ = പ്രസിഡന്റ് |ഭരണനേതൃത്വം =ബ്ലോക്ക് പഞ്ചായത്ത് |വിസ്തീർണ്ണം =66 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |ജനസംഖ്യ =32267<ref name="Census2001">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ 2001 സെൻസസ് പ്രകാരം]</ref> |ജനസാന്ദ്രത =489 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |Pincode/Zipcode = |TelephoneCode = |പ്രധാന ആകർഷണങ്ങൾ = |കുറിപ്പുകൾ= }} [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല|പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയുടെ]] [[കോന്നി]] താലൂക്കിൽ,തെക്കുകിഴക്കുഭാഗത്തായി '''കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്''' സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ആസ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നും 25 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയാണ് കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്ത്. 66 ചതുരശ്രമൈൽ വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള ഈ പഞ്ചായത്ത് [[കലഞ്ഞൂർ]], [[കൂടൽ]] എന്നീ രണ്ടു വില്ലേജുകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന മലയോരപ്രദേശമാണ്.കോന്നി താലൂക്ക് ആസ്ഥാനം 13 km അകലെ ആയി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. <ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്">{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |title=കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ് |access-date=2010-08-07 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == അതിരുകൾ == കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ അതിരുകൾ കിഴക്കുവശത്ത് [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|സഹ്യാദ്രിയും]], സംരക്ഷിതവനങ്ങളും തെക്കുഭാഗത്ത് [[പത്തനാപുരം]] പഞ്ചായത്തും, പടിഞ്ഞാറുഭാഗത്ത് ഏനാദിമംഗലം, കൊടുമൺ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളും വടക്കുഭാഗത്ത് അരുവാപ്പുലം പഞ്ചായത്തും തെക്കുകിഴക്കു ദിക്കിൽ പിറവന്തൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തും വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറു ദിക്കിൽ പ്രമാടം പഞ്ചായത്തുമാണ്.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == ഭൂപ്രകൃതി == പാറക്കെട്ടുകൾ നിറഞ്ഞ കുന്നിൻപ്രദേശങ്ങളും ചരിവുകളും താഴ്വരകളും വലുതും ചെറുതുമായ തോടുകളും [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകളും]] ഈ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതകളാണ്. പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗം വരുന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും നാണ്യവിളയായ [[റബ്ബർ]] [[കൃഷി]]ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == 2025 തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങൾ == താഴെ കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്ന ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് വാർഡ് അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വിജയികളെ പ്രാദേശിക തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങളുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ് സൈറ്റിൽ നിന്നാണ് എടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. {| class="wikitable sortable" !വാർഡ് !പേര് !മുന്നണി !വിജയി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ട് !രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനം !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ട് !കുറിപ്പുകൾ |- |1 |നെടുമൺകാവ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ലൈല''' |'''421''' |അമ്പിളി തുളസിധരൻ |305 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |2 |മാരുതിക്കാല | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രേഖ ബിനു''' |'''443''' |ശ്രീജ |201 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |3 |മുരിഞ്ഞകൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''മനോജ് എം ജയിംസ്''' |'''457''' |തോമസ് വർഗ്ഗീസ് |164 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |4 |ഇഞ്ചപ്പാറ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ഷീന ബിനു''' |'''433''' |സിന്ധു സുരേഷ് |318 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |5 |അതിരുങ്കൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ദിലീപ്അതിരുങ്കൽ''' |'''513''' |അജിത്ത് എസ്. |361 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |6 |കുളത്തുമൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''ജിജാ പുഷ്പൻ''' |'''414''' |മിനി മോഹൻ |392 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |7 |തട്ടാക്കുടി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''സജീവ് റാവുത്തർ''' |'''368''' |ഹുസൈൻ |266 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |8 |പാടം | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''നൂർജഹാൻ ജെ''' |'''383''' |വിദ്യാശ്രീരാജ് (സോണി) |365 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |9 |രാജഗിരി | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''പ്രസന്നകുമാരി''' |'''366''' |രൂപേഷ് ഭദ്രൻ |330 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |10 |കൂടൽ സ്റ്റേഡിയം | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''പി.വി.ജയകുമാർ''' |'''409''' |അജയഘോഷ് വി.പി. |361 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |11 |പുന്നമൂട് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രാജിബിജു''' |'''408''' |മറിയാമ്മ വൈ |295 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |12 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഈസ്റ്റ് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''വിഷ്ണു കൃഷ്ണപുരം''' |'''480''' |അനീഷ് ഗോപിനാഥ് |445 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |13 |ഒന്നാംകുറ്റി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബോബി റോയി''' |'''705''' |മഞ്ജു റിനു |231 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |14 |എടത്തറ | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബിജു.ബി(പാലവിള)''' |'''479''' |ബിജു ജോൺ |350 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |15 |കല്ലരേത്ത് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''അശ്വതി എം ആർ''' |'''759''' |കാഞ്ചന ആർ |320 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |16 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ടൗൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''രമാ സുരേഷ്''' |'''504''' |സൗദാരാജൻ |470 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |17 |കെ.ഐ.പി. | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''എസ്.രാജേഷ്''' |'''510''' |രതീഷ് പാലമല |283 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |18 |കൂടൽ ടൗൺ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''കമലൻ.ബി.നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ്''' |'''364''' |ശശി തേക്കുവിള |215 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |19 |നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ജിനുമോൻ സാമുവൽ''' |'''427''' |തോമസ് ഈപ്പൻ |336 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- |20 |പള്ളൂർ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ജയശ്രിരാജൻ''' |'''414''' |സുജ അനിൽ |331 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |} ==അവലംബം== <references/> == ഇതും കാണുക == *[[കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ പട്ടിക]] ==പുറമെ നിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *[http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഭരണസംവിധാനം}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ]] {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} fhllhjyt8y8tyztyc48yhduo4x86qv5 4644350 4644347 2026-07-08T09:04:49Z Malikaveedu 16584 /* 2025 തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങൾ */ 4644350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kalanjoor Gramapanchayath}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ |ചിത്രം = |ജില്ല/മഹാനഗരം/പട്ടണം/ഗ്രാമം =പത്തനംതിട്ട /തിരുവനന്തപുരം/കോന്നി/ കലഞ്ഞൂർ |നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം=കോന്നി |ലോകസഭാമണ്ഡലം=പത്തനംതിട്ട |ജില്ല = പത്തനംതിട്ട |ഭരണസ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ =പഞ്ചായത്ത് |ഭരണസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ = പ്രസിഡന്റ് |ഭരണനേതൃത്വം =ബ്ലോക്ക് പഞ്ചായത്ത് |വിസ്തീർണ്ണം =66 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |ജനസംഖ്യ =32267<ref name="Census2001">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ 2001 സെൻസസ് പ്രകാരം]</ref> |ജനസാന്ദ്രത =489 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |Pincode/Zipcode = |TelephoneCode = |പ്രധാന ആകർഷണങ്ങൾ = |കുറിപ്പുകൾ= }} [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല|പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയുടെ]] [[കോന്നി]] താലൂക്കിൽ,തെക്കുകിഴക്കുഭാഗത്തായി '''കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്''' സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ആസ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നും 25 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയാണ് കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്ത്. 66 ചതുരശ്രമൈൽ വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള ഈ പഞ്ചായത്ത് [[കലഞ്ഞൂർ]], [[കൂടൽ]] എന്നീ രണ്ടു വില്ലേജുകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന മലയോരപ്രദേശമാണ്.കോന്നി താലൂക്ക് ആസ്ഥാനം 13 km അകലെ ആയി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. <ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്">{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |title=കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ് |access-date=2010-08-07 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == അതിരുകൾ == കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ അതിരുകൾ കിഴക്കുവശത്ത് [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|സഹ്യാദ്രിയും]], സംരക്ഷിതവനങ്ങളും തെക്കുഭാഗത്ത് [[പത്തനാപുരം]] പഞ്ചായത്തും, പടിഞ്ഞാറുഭാഗത്ത് ഏനാദിമംഗലം, കൊടുമൺ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളും വടക്കുഭാഗത്ത് അരുവാപ്പുലം പഞ്ചായത്തും തെക്കുകിഴക്കു ദിക്കിൽ പിറവന്തൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തും വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറു ദിക്കിൽ പ്രമാടം പഞ്ചായത്തുമാണ്.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == ഭൂപ്രകൃതി == പാറക്കെട്ടുകൾ നിറഞ്ഞ കുന്നിൻപ്രദേശങ്ങളും ചരിവുകളും താഴ്വരകളും വലുതും ചെറുതുമായ തോടുകളും [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകളും]] ഈ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതകളാണ്. പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗം വരുന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും നാണ്യവിളയായ [[റബ്ബർ]] [[കൃഷി]]ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == 2025 തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങൾ == താഴെ കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്ന ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് വാർഡ് അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വിജയികളെ പ്രാദേശിക തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങളുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ് സൈറ്റിൽ നിന്നാണ് എടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. {| class="wikitable sortable" !വാർഡ് !പേര് !മുന്നണി !വിജയി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ട് !രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനം !വോട്ട് !പാർട്ടി !കുറിപ്പുകൾ |- |1 |നെടുമൺകാവ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ലൈല''' |'''421''' |അമ്പിളി തുളസിധരൻ |305 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |2 |മാരുതിക്കാല | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രേഖ ബിനു''' |'''443''' |ശ്രീജ |201 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |3 |മുരിഞ്ഞകൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''മനോജ് എം. ജയിംസ്''' |'''457''' |തോമസ് വർഗ്ഗീസ് |164 | valign="top" |സ്വത. | valign="top" | |- |4 |ഇഞ്ചപ്പാറ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ഷീന ബിനു''' |'''433''' |സിന്ധു സുരേഷ് |318 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |5 |അതിരുങ്കൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ദിലീപ് അതിരുങ്കൽ''' |'''513''' |അജിത്ത് എസ്. |361 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |6 |കുളത്തുമൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''ജിജാ പുഷ്പൻ''' |'''414''' |മിനി മോഹൻ |392 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |7 |തട്ടാക്കുടി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''സജീവ് റാവുത്തർ''' |'''368''' |ഹുസൈൻ |266 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |8 |പാടം | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''നൂർജഹാൻ ജെ.''' |'''383''' |വിദ്യാശ്രീരാജ് (സോണി) |365 | valign="top" |ബി.ജെ.പി. | valign="top" | |- |9 |രാജഗിരി | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''പ്രസന്ന കുമാരി''' |'''366''' |രൂപേഷ് ഭദ്രൻ |330 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |10 |കൂടൽ സ്റ്റേഡിയം | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''പി.വി. ജയകുമാർ''' |'''409''' |അജയഘോഷ് വി.പി. |361 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |11 |പുന്നമൂട് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രാജി ബിജു''' |'''408''' |മറിയാമ്മ വൈ |295 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |12 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഈസ്റ്റ് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''വിഷ്ണു കൃഷ്ണപുരം''' |'''480''' |അനീഷ് ഗോപിനാഥ് |445 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |13 |ഒന്നാംകുറ്റി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബോബി റോയി''' |'''705''' |മഞ്ജു റിനു |231 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |14 |എടത്തറ | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബിജു. ബി''' |'''479''' |ബിജു ജോൺ |350 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |15 |കല്ലരേത്ത് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''അശ്വതി എം.ആർ.''' |'''759''' |കാഞ്ചന ആർ |320 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |16 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ടൗൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''രമാ സുരേഷ്''' |'''504''' |സൗദാരാജൻ |470 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |17 |കെ.ഐ.പി. | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''എസ്. രാജേഷ്''' |'''510''' |രതീഷ് പാലമല |283 | valign="top" |ബി.ജെ.പി. | valign="top" | |- |18 |കൂടൽ ടൗൺ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''കമലൻ. ബി. നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ്''' |'''364''' |ശശി തേക്കുവിള |215 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |19 |നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ജിനുമോൻ സാമുവൽ''' |'''427''' |തോമസ് ഈപ്പൻ |336 | valign="top" |സ്വത. | valign="top" | |- |20 |പള്ളൂർ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ജയശ്രി രാജൻ''' |'''414''' |സുജ അനിൽ |331 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |} ==അവലംബം== <references/> == ഇതും കാണുക == *[[കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ പട്ടിക]] ==പുറമെ നിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *[http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഭരണസംവിധാനം}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ]] {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} quo2cl6xoz0d5rtnmjga7uejwxu1s17 4644352 4644350 2026-07-08T09:06:56Z Malikaveedu 16584 /* 2025 തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങൾ */ 4644352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kalanjoor Gramapanchayath}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ |ചിത്രം = |ജില്ല/മഹാനഗരം/പട്ടണം/ഗ്രാമം =പത്തനംതിട്ട /തിരുവനന്തപുരം/കോന്നി/ കലഞ്ഞൂർ |നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം=കോന്നി |ലോകസഭാമണ്ഡലം=പത്തനംതിട്ട |ജില്ല = പത്തനംതിട്ട |ഭരണസ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ =പഞ്ചായത്ത് |ഭരണസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ = പ്രസിഡന്റ് |ഭരണനേതൃത്വം =ബ്ലോക്ക് പഞ്ചായത്ത് |വിസ്തീർണ്ണം =66 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |ജനസംഖ്യ =32267<ref name="Census2001">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ 2001 സെൻസസ് പ്രകാരം]</ref> |ജനസാന്ദ്രത =489 <ref name="Census2001"></ref> |Pincode/Zipcode = |TelephoneCode = |പ്രധാന ആകർഷണങ്ങൾ = |കുറിപ്പുകൾ= |സ്ഥലപ്പേർ=കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്}} [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല|പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയുടെ]] [[കോന്നി]] താലൂക്കിൽ,തെക്കുകിഴക്കുഭാഗത്തായി '''കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്''' സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ജില്ലാ ആസ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നും 25 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയാണ് കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്ത്. 66 ചതുരശ്രമൈൽ വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള ഈ പഞ്ചായത്ത് [[കലഞ്ഞൂർ]], [[കൂടൽ]] എന്നീ രണ്ടു വില്ലേജുകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന മലയോരപ്രദേശമാണ്.കോന്നി താലൂക്ക് ആസ്ഥാനം 13 km അകലെ ആയി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. <ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്">{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |title=കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ് |access-date=2010-08-07 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == അതിരുകൾ == കലഞ്ഞൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ അതിരുകൾ കിഴക്കുവശത്ത് [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|സഹ്യാദ്രിയും]], സംരക്ഷിതവനങ്ങളും തെക്കുഭാഗത്ത് [[പത്തനാപുരം]] പഞ്ചായത്തും, പടിഞ്ഞാറുഭാഗത്ത് ഏനാദിമംഗലം, കൊടുമൺ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളും വടക്കുഭാഗത്ത് അരുവാപ്പുലം പഞ്ചായത്തും തെക്കുകിഴക്കു ദിക്കിൽ പിറവന്തൂർ പഞ്ചായത്തും വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറു ദിക്കിൽ പ്രമാടം പഞ്ചായത്തുമാണ്.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == ഭൂപ്രകൃതി == പാറക്കെട്ടുകൾ നിറഞ്ഞ കുന്നിൻപ്രദേശങ്ങളും ചരിവുകളും താഴ്വരകളും വലുതും ചെറുതുമായ തോടുകളും [[കനാൽ|കനാലുകളും]] ഈ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതകളാണ്. പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗം വരുന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും നാണ്യവിളയായ [[റബ്ബർ]] [[കൃഷി]]ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref name="കേരള ഗോവ്"></ref> == 2025 തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങൾ == താഴെ കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്ന ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് വാർഡ് അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വിജയികളെ പ്രാദേശിക തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ഫലങ്ങളുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ് സൈറ്റിൽ നിന്നാണ് എടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trend.sec.kerala.gov.in/|title=Local Body Election Results 2025 – Kerala|access-date=13 January 2026|publisher=State Election Commission, Kerala}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !വാർഡ് !പേര് !മുന്നണി !വിജയി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ട് !രണ്ടാം സ്ഥാനം !വോട്ട് !പാർട്ടി !കുറിപ്പുകൾ |- |1 |നെടുമൺകാവ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ലൈല''' |'''421''' |അമ്പിളി തുളസിധരൻ |305 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |2 |മാരുതിക്കാല | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രേഖ ബിനു''' |'''443''' |ശ്രീജ |201 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |3 |മുരിഞ്ഞകൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''മനോജ് എം. ജയിംസ്''' |'''457''' |തോമസ് വർഗ്ഗീസ് |164 | valign="top" |സ്വത. | valign="top" | |- |4 |ഇഞ്ചപ്പാറ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ഷീന ബിനു''' |'''433''' |സിന്ധു സുരേഷ് |318 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |5 |അതിരുങ്കൽ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ദിലീപ് അതിരുങ്കൽ''' |'''513''' |അജിത്ത് എസ്. |361 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |6 |കുളത്തുമൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''ജിജാ പുഷ്പൻ''' |'''414''' |മിനി മോഹൻ |392 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |7 |തട്ടാക്കുടി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''സജീവ് റാവുത്തർ''' |'''368''' |ഹുസൈൻ |266 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |8 |പാടം | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''നൂർജഹാൻ ജെ.''' |'''383''' |വിദ്യാശ്രീരാജ് (സോണി) |365 | valign="top" |ബി.ജെ.പി. | valign="top" | |- |9 |രാജഗിരി | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''പ്രസന്ന കുമാരി''' |'''366''' |രൂപേഷ് ഭദ്രൻ |330 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |10 |കൂടൽ സ്റ്റേഡിയം | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''പി.വി. ജയകുമാർ''' |'''409''' |അജയഘോഷ് വി.പി. |361 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |11 |പുന്നമൂട് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''രാജി ബിജു''' |'''408''' |മറിയാമ്മ വൈ |295 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |12 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഈസ്റ്റ് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''വിഷ്ണു കൃഷ്ണപുരം''' |'''480''' |അനീഷ് ഗോപിനാഥ് |445 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |13 |ഒന്നാംകുറ്റി | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബോബി റോയി''' |'''705''' |മഞ്ജു റിനു |231 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |14 |എടത്തറ | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ബിജു. ബി''' |'''479''' |ബിജു ജോൺ |350 | valign="top" |കോൺഗ്രസ് | valign="top" | |- |15 |കല്ലരേത്ത് | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''അശ്വതി എം.ആർ.''' |'''759''' |കാഞ്ചന ആർ |320 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |16 |കലഞ്ഞൂർ ടൗൺ | style="background:orange;" | [[ദേശീയ ജനാധിപത്യ സഖ്യം|എൽ.ഡി.എ.]] |'''രമാ സുരേഷ്''' |'''504''' |സൗദാരാജൻ |470 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |- |17 |കെ.ഐ.പി. | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''എസ്. രാജേഷ്''' |'''510''' |രതീഷ് പാലമല |283 | valign="top" |ബി.ജെ.പി. | valign="top" | |- |18 |കൂടൽ ടൗൺ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''കമലൻ. ബി. നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ്''' |'''364''' |ശശി തേക്കുവിള |215 | valign="top" |സി.പി.ഐ. | valign="top" | |- |19 |നെല്ലിമുരുപ്പ് | style="background:red;" | [[ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|എൽ.ഡി.എഫ്]] |'''ജിനുമോൻ സാമുവൽ''' |'''427''' |തോമസ് ഈപ്പൻ |336 | valign="top" |സ്വത. | valign="top" | |- |20 |പള്ളൂർ | style="background:blue;" | [[ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി|യു.ഡി.എഫ്.]] |'''ജയശ്രി രാജൻ''' |'''414''' |സുജ അനിൽ |331 | valign="top" |സി.പി.എം. | valign="top" | |} ==അവലംബം== <references/> == ഇതും കാണുക == *[[കേരളത്തിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ പട്ടിക]] ==പുറമെ നിന്നുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *[http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ കേരള സർക്കാർ വെബ്സൈറ്റ്, കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205254/http://lsgkerala.in/kalanjoorpanchayat/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഭരണസംവിധാനം}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തുകൾ]] {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} 8ub2u77bemtvnhy4tdd8d15q4av9x3s 0 146813 4644298 4616318 2026-07-08T04:22:02Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Casuarinaceae}} {{orphan|date= March 2012}} {{taxobox |image = Casuarina_equisetifolia_fruits.jpg |image_caption = കാറ്റാടിമരത്തിന്റെ ഇലയും കായും |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Fagales]] |familia = [[Casuarinaceae]] |genus = ''[[Casuarina]]'' |species = '''''C. equisetifolia''''' |binomial = ''Casuarina equisetifolia'' |binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] |subdivision = ''C. e.'' subsp. ''equisetifolia''<br> ''C. e.'' subsp. ''incana'' |}} '''കാറ്റാടി മരം''' എന്ന മരം ഒരു വിദേശിയാണ്. [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയാണ്]].ഇതിന്റെ ജന്മദേശം. ഇലകളില്ല എന്നതാണ് ഇതിന്റെ ഒരു പ്രധാന സവിശേഷത. പക്ഷേ [[പ്രകാശസംശ്ലേഷണം]] നടത്താൻ ഇതിനു കഴിയും. ഇലകളുടെ പണി ചെയ്യുന്ന പച്ചനിറത്തിലുള്ള ചരടുപോലുള്ള ഉപശാഖകൾ ഇവയ്ക്കുണ്ട് കാറ്റിന്റെ ചലനത്തിനൊത്ത് ഇളകിയാടുന്നതിലാൽ കാറ്റാടി മരം എന്നും കാറ്റിൽ ചൂളം വിളിയുടെ ശബ്ദം ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നതിനാൽ ചൂളമരമെന്നും ഇതിനു പേര് വന്നു. ഇതു കൂടാതെ ചവാക്ക് എന്നും പേരുണ്ട്.<ref>Cox, P., & Freeland, J. 1969. ''Rude timber buildings in Australia.'' Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0500340358 page 18. Cox states that the name 'she-oak' is derived from Native America ''sheac'' - beefwood.</ref> അമ്പത് മീറ്ററിലധികം പൊക്കം വയ്ക്കുന്ന ഈ മരങ്ങൾ വേഗം വളരുന്നവയാണ്. സൂര്യപ്രകാശം ഇതിനാവശ്യമുള്ളതിലാൽ നേരെ മുകളിലേക്കാണ് വളരുക. ഏതുകാലാവസ്ഥയിലും ഇതിനു വളരാം. വർഷത്തിൽ 2 തവണ ഇതു പൂക്കും. ഫെബ്രുവരിയിലും സെപ്തംബറിലും ആണ് ഇത്. പൂക്കുലകൾ ചെണ്ട് പോലെനിൽക്കുന്നു. കായ ചിറകുള്ളതും ഉരുണ്ട് അൽപ്പം നീണ്ടതുമാണ്. കാറ്റിലൂടെയും വെള്ളത്തിലൂടെയും വിത്തുവിതരണം ധാരാളമായി നടക്കാറുണ്ട്. പക്ഷേ ചിലതുമാത്രമേ കിളിർക്കുകയിള്ളു. തടി ഉറപ്പുണ്ടെങ്കിലും പൊട്ടാൻ സാധ്യതയുണ്ട്. എങ്കിലും പാലം നിർമ്മാണത്തിനും തൂൺ നിർമ്മാണത്തിനും ഉപയോഗിക്കാം കാഷ്വെയറൈനേസി കുടുംബത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട കാറ്റാടിമരത്തിന്റെ ശാസ്ത്രീയനാമം '''കാഷ്വറൈനെ ഇക്വിസെറ്റി ഫോളിയ ലിൻ''' എന്നാണ്. ഈ മരത്തിന്റെ ഉപശാഖകൾ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയിലെ കാഷ്വറിയസ് പക്ഷിയുടെ തൂവൽ പോലെയാണ് അതിനാലാണ് ആ പേര് ലഭിച്ചത്.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Steane, Dorothy A.; Wilson, Karen L.; Hill, Robert S. |title=Using ''mat''K sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=28|year=2003|pages=47–59|url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3490/1/Acr664.pdf (fulltext)|accessdate=12 November 2010}}</ref> ==ചിത്രശാല== <gallery> Casuarinaceae_-_കാറ്റാടി_01.JPG|കാറ്റാടി മരം Casuarinaceae_-_കാറ്റാടി_03.JPG|കാറ്റാടിയുടെ ചെറിയ ശിഖിരങ്ങൾ Casuarina equisetifolia.JPG|കാറ്റാടി മരത്തോട്ടം -തമിഴ് നാട്ടിൽ നിന്ന് Sapling of Casuarina equisetifolia.jpg|കാറ്റാടി മരത്തിന്റെ തൈ Casuarina equisetifolia MHNT.BOT.2016.24.39.jpg|Casuarina equisetifolia - Museum specimen </gallery> ==അവലംബം== <references/> *[http://www.mpl.ird.fr/rhizo Research team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405055805/http://www.mpl.ird.fr/rhizo |date=2007-04-05 }} from [http://www.ird.fr IRD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815200629/http://www.ird.fr/ |date=2000-08-15 }} working on ''[[Frankia]]''-Casuarinaceae [[mycorrhizal]] and nitrogen-fixing [[symbioses]] {{കേരളത്തിലെ മരങ്ങൾ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വൃക്ഷങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] {{plant-stub}} arwf366fckziuh77yizfkz5xb7wrg6u 0 150260 4644316 4644150 2026-07-08T06:08:57Z Altocar 2020 144384 /* ജീവിതരേഖ */ 4644316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|V.D. Satheesan}} {{Infobox_politician | name = വി.ഡി. സതീശൻ | image =VD Satheesan.jpg | caption = വി.ഡി. സതീശൻ | office = പതിമൂന്നാമത്തെ [[കേരള മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി]] | term = | predecessor = [[പിണറായി വിജയൻ]] | office1 = കേരളത്തിന്റെ ധനകാര്യം, തുറമുഖം, [[ സംസ്ഥാന ദുരന്ത നിവാരണ അതോറിറ്റി|ദുരന്തനിവാരണം]], നിയമ വകുപ്പുകളുടെ അധിക ചുമതലയുള്ള മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി | term1 = 18 മെയ് 2026 | predecessor1 = * [[കെ.എൻ. ബാലഗോപാൽ]] (ധനകാര്യം) * [[വി.എൻ. വാസവൻ]] (തുറമുഖം) * [[പി. രാജീവ്]] (നിയമം) * [[പിണറായി വിജയൻ]] (ദുരന്ത നിവാരണം) | successor = | office2 = പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവ്, പതിനഞ്ചാം [[കേരള നിയമസഭ]] | term_start2 = [[22 മേയ്]] [[2021]] | term_end2 = [[4]] [[മെയ്]] [[2026]] | predecessor2 = [[രമേശ് ചെന്നിത്തല]] | successor2 = [[പിണറായി വിജയൻ]] | office3 = കേരള [[നിയമസഭാംഗം]] | constituency3 = [[പറവൂർ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|പറവൂർ]] | term_start3 = [[മേയ് 16]] [[2001]] | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = [[പി. രാജു]] | successor3 = | salary = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|05|31}} | birth_place = [[നെട്ടൂർ]], [[കൊച്ചി]], [[കേരളം]], [[ഇന്ത്യ]] | residence = [[ദേശം]], [[ആലുവ]], [[എറണാകുളം ജില്ല]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]] | religion = [[ഹിന്ദു]] | father = കെ. ദാമോദര മേനോൻ | mother = വി. വിലാസിനി അമ്മ | spouse = ആർ. ലക്ഷ്മി പ്രിയ | children = ഉണ്ണിമായ | website = https://kerala.gov.in/ | date = മെയ് 14 | year = 2026 | source = https://keralacm.gov.in/8455/ കേരള സി.എം | data1 = | 1blankname = ഗവർണർ | 1namedata = [[രാജേന്ദ്ര അർലേക്കർ]] | termstart = 18 മെയ് 2026 }} 2026 മെയ് 18 മുതൽ കേരളത്തിന്റെ പതിമൂന്നാമത് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായി തുടരുന്ന, എറണാകുളം ജില്ലയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്സ്]] നേതാവാണ് ''വടശ്ശേരി ദാമോദരൻ മേനോൻ സതീശൻ'' എന്ന '''വി.ഡി. സതീശൻ.(31 മെയ് 1964)''' [[എറണാകുളം ജില്ല]]യിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കേരളത്തിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ കോൺഗ്രസ് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയും 2001 മുതൽ തുടർച്ചയായി ആറാം തവണയും [[പറവൂർ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|പറവൂർ മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും കേരള നിയമസഭയിൽ അംഗവുമാണ്.<ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2026/05/14/vd-satheesan-from-student-leader-to-kerala-chief-minister.html</ref><ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2026/05/15/habits-will-change-when-vd-satheesan-arrives.html</ref><ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/ernakulam/2026/05/15/vd-satheesan-political-insight.html</ref><ref>https://malayalam.samayam.com/latest-news/kerala-news/vd-satheesan-makes-history-as-13th-chief-minister-of-kerala-5th-congressman/articleshow/131166934.cms</ref> 2021 മുതൽ 2026 വരെ നിലവിലിരുന്ന പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവായിരുന്നു. നിയമസഭാംഗമായി മാത്രം തുടർന്ന് സംസ്ഥാന മന്ത്രിസഭകളിൽ അംഗമാകാതെ നേരിട്ട് ആദ്യമായി കേരളത്തിന്റെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി പദവിയിലെത്തുന്ന ആറാമത്തെ രാഷ്‌ട്രീയ നേതാവാണ് വി.ഡി.സതീശൻ. [[കെ. കരുണാകരൻ]], [[വി.എസ്. അച്യുതാനന്ദൻ]] എന്നിവർക്ക് ശേഷം പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവ് പദവിയിൽ നിന്ന് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാകുന്ന മൂന്നാമത്തെയാളുമാണ്. [[ഇ.എം.എസ്]], [[പട്ടം താണുപിള്ള]], [[എ.കെ. ആന്റണി]], [[ഇ.കെ. നായനാർ]], [[വി.എസ്. അച്യുതാനന്ദൻ]] എന്നിവരാണ് സതീശന് മുൻപ് മന്ത്രിയാകാതെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായവർ.<ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2026/05/14/vd-satheesan-green-mla-commitment-environmental-protection-forest-conservation-gadgil-report-nelliyampathi.html</ref><ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2026/05/15/vd-satheesan-university-election-strategy-1986.html</ref> ==ജീവിതരേഖ== [[എറണാകുളം ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[നെട്ടൂർ|നെട്ടൂരിൽ]] (മരട് മുനിസിപ്പാലിറ്റി) വടശ്ശേരി ദാമോദര മേനോന്റെയും വി. വിലാസിനിയമ്മയുടെയും നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ഇടവ മാസത്തിലെ ചതയം നക്ഷത്രത്തിൽ 1964 മെയ് 31ന് ജനനം. ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണൻ, മനോഹരൻ, രാജശേഖരൻ, അജയകുമാർ, ആശ എന്നിവർ സഹോദരങ്ങളാണ്. നെട്ടൂർ എസ്.വി.യു.പി. സ്ക്കൂളിൽ പ്രൈമറി വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിന് ശേഷം പനങ്ങാട് ഹൈസ്ക്കൂളിൽ നിന്ന് പത്താം ക്ലാസ് പാസായ സതീശൻ പ്രീഡിഗ്രിയും ഡിഗ്രിയും തേവര സേക്രഡ് ഹാർട്ട് കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് പൂർത്തിയാക്കി. കളമശേരി രാജഗിരി കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് എം.എസ്.ഡബ്യു കോഴ്സ് പാസായ ശേഷം തിരുവനന്തപുരം ലോ അക്കാദമിയിൽ നിന്നും എൽ.എൽ.ബിയും ഗവ. ലോ കോളേജിൽ നിന്ന് നിയമത്തിൽ മാസ്റ്റർ ബിരുദവും നേടി. തേവര സേക്രഡ് ഹാർട്ട് കോളേജിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ കോൺഗ്രസിന്റെ വിദ്യാർഥി പ്രസ്ഥാനമായ കെ.എസ്.യുവിൽ പ്രവർത്തിച്ചാണ് ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ രാഷ്ട്രീയപ്രവേശം. കെ.എസ്.യു വഴി വിദ്യാർത്ഥി രാഷ്‌ട്രീയത്തിന്റെ നേതൃ നിരയിലെത്തിയ സതീശൻ പിന്നീട് കളമശേരി രാജഗിരി കോളേജിലെ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി യൂണിയൻ കൗൺസിലറും എം.ജി സർവകലാശാല യൂണിയൻ ചെയർമാനുമായി. പത്ത് വർഷം കേരള ഹൈക്കോടതിയിൽ അഭിഭാഷകനായി പ്രവർത്തിച്ച സതീശൻ ഐ.എൻ.ടി.യു.സിയുടെ കീഴിലുള്ള നിരവധി ട്രേഡ് യൂണിയനുകളുടെ ഭാരവാഹിയായിരുന്നു. തേവര സേക്രഡ് ഹാർട്ട് കോളേജിലെ ആർട്സ് ക്ലബ് സെക്രട്ടറിയായിരുന്നു. എം.ജി, കേരള സർവ്വകലാശാലകളിൽ യൂണിയൻ കൗൺസിലറായും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/satheesanvd.pdf</ref> <ref>https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-mla-vd-satheesan-to-be-the-leader-of-opposition-in-kerala-121052201127_1.html</ref> ==രാഷ്ട്രീയ ജീവിതം== 1986–1987 കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ [[മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി സർവ്വകലാശാല|മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി സർവകലാശാല]] യൂണിയന്റെ ചെയർമാനായിരുന്ന സതീശൻ [[നാഷണൽ സ്റ്റുഡന്റ്സ് യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ|നാഷണൽ സ്റ്റുഡന്റ്സ് യൂണിയൻ ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യയുടെയും]] (NSUI) എറണാകുളം ഡി.സി.സിയുടേയും സെക്രട്ടറിയായി പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name="Members - Kerala Legislature">{{Cite web|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/members/v_d_satheesan.htm|access-date=20 May 2021|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref> 1989-ൽ കെ.എസ്.യു സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റ് പദവി, 1992-ൽ യൂത്ത് കോൺഗ്രസ് സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റ് പദവി, 2011-ലെ ഉമ്മൻ ചാണ്ടി മന്ത്രിസഭയിലെ മന്ത്രിപദം, 2017-ൽ വി.എം.സുധീരൻ രാജി വച്ചപ്പോൾ ഒഴിവ് വന്ന കെ.പി.സി.സി പ്രസിഡന്റ് സ്ഥാനം എന്നീ സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലേക്ക് ആദ്യമെ സതീശന്റെ പേര് വന്നെങ്കിലും പിന്നീട് ആ സ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ സതീശന് നഷ്‌ടപ്പെടുകയായിരുന്നു. വി.ഡി.സതീശന്റെ പാർലമെൻ്ററി രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിൻ്റെ തുടക്കം 1996-ലായിരുന്നു. 1996-ലെ [[കേരള നിയമസഭ]] തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ എറണാകുളം ജില്ലയിലെ [[പറവൂർ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|പറവൂരിൽ]] നിന്ന് മത്സരിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം [[കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ|സി.പി.ഐ]] സ്ഥാനാർഥിയായ [[പി. രാജു]]വിനോട് പരാജയപ്പെട്ടു. അന്നത്തെ കാലത്ത് [[പറവൂർ]] ഇന്ത്യൻ കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടിയുടെ ശക്തികേന്ദ്രമായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. 1996-ലെ ആദ്യ തോൽവിക്ക് ശേഷം അഭിഭാഷക ജോലിയിലേക്ക് തിരിഞ്ഞ സതീശനെ തിരിച്ച് വീണ്ടും കേരള രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിൽ സജീവമാക്കിയ കേരളത്തിലെ മുതിർന്ന കോൺഗ്രസ് നേതാവും മുൻ മന്ത്രിയുമായിരുന്ന [[ജി. കാർത്തികേയൻ|ജി.കാർത്തികേയനാണ്]] സതീശന്റെ രാഷ്ട്രീയ ഗുരു. 2001-ലെ പതിനൊന്നാം കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് ടിക്കറ്റിൽ പറവൂരിൽ നിന്ന് വിജയിച്ച സതീശൻ ആദ്യമായി [[കേരള നിയമസഭ]]യിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. അന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം [[കേരള ഹൈക്കോടതി|കേരള ഹൈക്കോടതിയിൽ]] അഭിഭാഷകനായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021, 2026 വർഷങ്ങളിൽ നടന്ന നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകളിലും പറവൂരിൽ നിന്ന് വിജയിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sushanth|title=ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 - 2016(Kerala)|url=https://data-analytics.github.io/Election_Data/kerala.html|access-date=20 May 2021|website=data-analytics.GitHub.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 2016|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/2016-election-results.html|access-date=22 May 2021|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> 2006-2011-ലെ 12-ാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിൽ അദ്ദേഹം [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസിന്റെ]] [[ചീഫ് വിപ്പ്|ചീഫ് വിപ്പായും]] പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sudhi|first=K. S.|date=19 March 2021|title=Kerala Assembly Elections {{!}} Congress banks yet again on Satheesan in Paravur|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/congress-banks-yet-again-on-satheesan-in-paravur/article34103288.ece|access-date=20 May 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> പന്ത്രണ്ടാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് വിപ്പ് സ്ഥാനം വഹിച്ചിരുന്ന ഇദ്ദേഹം അന്യസംസ്ഥാന ലോട്ടറിക്കെതിരായ രാഷ്ട്രീയ സംവാദങ്ങളിലൂടെ കൂടുതൽ മാധ്യമശ്രദ്ധ നേടി.<ref name =madhyamam>{{cite web | url =http://www.madhyamam.com/news/64579/110402 | title =സി.പി.ഐ 'തുരന്തോ'ക്കെതിരെ സതീശൻ | date =ഏപ്രിൽ 2, 2011 | accessdate =ഏപ്രിൽ 11, 2012 | publisher =മാതൃഭൂമി | language = }}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഒക്‌ടോബർ 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2013-ൽ പരിസ്ഥിതിക്കുവേണ്ടിയും, ഗാഡ്ഗിൽ കമ്മറ്റി റിപ്പോർട്ടിനനുകൂലമായും പ്രതികരിക്കുന്ന എംഎൽഎമാരുടെ രാഷ്ട്രീയെതര സംഘത്തിൽ പ്രമുഖനായിരുന്നു.<ref>http://4malayalees.com/index.php?page=newsDetail&id=27830</ref> 2013-ൽ തമിഴ്നാടിൻ്റെ ചുമതലയുള്ള എ.ഐ.സി.സി സെക്രട്ടറിയായും 2014-ൽ കെ.പി.സി.സി വൈസ് പ്രസിഡണ്ടായും നിയമിതനായി.<ref>http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=16143395&tabId=0&contentType=EDITORIAL&BV_ID=@@@{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2016, 2021 നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകളിൽ യു.ഡി.എഫ് പരാജയപ്പെട്ടതോടെ 2016-ലെ പതിനാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവായിരുന്ന രമേശ് ചെന്നിത്തലക്ക് പകരം 2021 മേയ് 22-ന് അഖിലേന്ത്യ കോൺഗ്രസ് വർക്കിംഗ് കമ്മിറ്റി വി.ഡി.സതീശനെ 15-ാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിലെ [[പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവ് (ഇന്ത്യ)|പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവായി]] തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു.<ref>{{Cite web|last=തങ്ങൾ|first=ശിഹാബുദ്ദീൻ|title=ഇനി പ്രതിപക്ഷത്തിന്റെ ചാട്ടുളി സതീശൻ; തിരിച്ചുവരവിലേക്കുള്ള ആദ്യചുവട്‌|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/vd-satheeshan-leader-of-opposition-in-kerala-1.5685199|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Mathrubhumi|language=ml}}</ref>കേരളത്തിലെ കോൺഗ്രസ് രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിൽ ഐ ഗ്രൂപ്പിന്റെ പ്രധാന നേതാവായിരുന്ന സതീശൻ പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവായതിന് ശേഷം ഗ്രൂപ്പ് രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തെ പിന്നീട് പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിച്ചില്ല എന്ന് മാത്രമല്ല ടീം യുഡിഎഫ് എന്നൊരു ആശയം ഉയർത്തിയാണ് പിന്നീടുള്ള പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നടത്തിയത്. 2021-ലെ നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ തുടർച്ചയായ തോൽവിയോടെ വെറും 22 സീറ്റിലേക്ക് ഒതുങ്ങി പോയ കോൺഗ്രസ് പാർട്ടിയെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതൃ സ്ഥാനമേറ്റ ശേഷം അഞ്ച് വർഷത്തെ പ്രവർത്തന മികവിൽ 2026-ലെ നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ 63 സീറ്റിലേക്ക് ഉയർത്തിയ സതീശൻ നേതൃത്വം നൽകിയ ഐക്യ ജനാധിപത്യമുന്നണി 2026-ലെ നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിൽ 102 സീറ്റിൽ വൻ വിജയം നേടി മൂന്നിൽ രണ്ട് ഭൂരിപക്ഷത്തോടെ പതിനാറാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിൽ ഭരണമുറപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/vd-satheesan-visits-ak-antony-1519907</ref> പത്ത് ദിവസം നീണ്ടു നിന്ന അനിശ്ചിതത്തിന് ഒടുവിൽ 2026 മെയ് 14-ന് പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതാവായിരുന്ന വി.ഡി.സതീശനെ കോൺഗ്രസ് ഹൈക്കമാൻഡ് കേരള മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായി പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു.<ref>https://www.reporterlive.com/topnews/kerala/2026/05/14/vd-satheesan-cm-announcement-high-command-decision</ref> കേരളത്തിലെ കോൺഗ്രസ് പാർട്ടിയിൽ എ ഐ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളുടെ പിന്തുണ ഇല്ലാതെ പ്രതിപക്ഷ നേതൃ പദവിയിലെത്തുകയും പിന്നീട് ഗ്രൂപ്പ് രാഷ്ട്രീയമില്ലാതെ തന്നെ നിയമസഭാകക്ഷി നേതാവാകുകയും ചെയ്ത ആദ്യത്തെയാളാണ് വി.ഡി.സതീശൻ.<ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/premium/opinion-and-analysis/2026/05/15/v-d-satheesan-s-rise-as-cm-and-kerala-s-new-political-landscape-prm.html</ref><ref>https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/celebrities/vd-satheesan-fully-understood-tmessage-of-sandesham-sathyan-anthikad-1520137</ref> 2026-ലെ കേരള നിയമസഭാ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിലെ വൻ വിജയത്തെ തുടർന്ന് വി.ഡി.സതീശനെ കോൺഗ്രസ് ലെജിസ്ലേറ്റീവ് പാർട്ടിയുടെ നിയമസഭാകക്ഷി നേതാവായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു. 2026 മെയ് 18-ന് തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ സെൻട്രൽ സ്റ്റേഡിയത്തിൽ വച്ച് കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഇരുപത്തിനാലാമത്തെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായി സത്യപ്രതിജ്ഞ ചെയ്തു അധികാരമേറ്റു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keralacm.gov.in/8455/|title=keralacm}}</ref> 2026 ജൂൺ 19-ന് പതിനാറാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിൽ യു.ഡി.എഫ് സർക്കാരിൻ്റെ ആദ്യ ബജറ്റ് അവതരണം നടത്തിയതോടെ സംസ്ഥാന ബജറ്റ് അവതരിപ്പിച്ച ധനകാര്യ വകുപ്പിൻ്റെ അധിക ചുമതലയുള്ള അഞ്ചാമത്തെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാണ് വി.ഡി.സതീശൻ. [[ആർ. ശങ്കർ]], [[സി. അച്യുതമേനോൻ]], [[ഇ.കെ. നായനാർ]], [[ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടി]] എന്നിവരാണ് മറ്റുള്ളവർ.<ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-cm-vd-satheesan-presents-maiden-udf-budget-for-2026-27/articleshow/131846328.cms</ref> കേരളത്തിൽ ആഭ്യന്തരവകുപ്പിന്റെ അധിക ചുമതല ഇല്ലാതെ തന്നെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയാകുന്ന ആറാമത്തെയാളാണ് വി.ഡി.സതീശൻ. [[വി.എസ്. അച്യുതാനന്ദൻ]], [[പി.കെ. വാസുദേവൻ നായർ]], [[സി. അച്യുതമേനോൻ]], [[ആർ. ശങ്കർ]], [[പട്ടം താണുപിള്ള]] എന്നിവരാണ് മറ്റ് അഞ്ചുപേർ. ഈ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ [[കെ. കരുണാകരൻ|കെ.കരുണാകരനും]] [[ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടി|ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടിയും]] ഉൾപ്പെടുമെങ്കിലും മൂന്ന് തവണ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായ കാലയളവിൽ ആഭ്യന്തര വകുപ്പിൻ്റെ ചുമതല ഇല്ലാതിരുന്ന കരുണാകരൻ മൂന്നാം ടേമിൻ്റെ അവസാന സമയത്തും നാലാം ടേമിൽ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായും ആഭ്യന്തരവകുപ്പ് കൈവശം വെച്ചപ്പോൾ ആഭ്യന്തരവകുപ്പിൻ്റെ അധിക ചുമതലതയോടെ ആദ്യ ടേം പൂർത്തിയാക്കിയ ഉമ്മൻചാണ്ടി അവസാന ടേമിൽ ഒരു വർഷത്തിന് ശേഷം ആഭ്യന്തരവകുപ്പിൻ്റെ ചുമതല ഒഴിഞ്ഞു മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിയായി തുടരുകയായിരുന്നു.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/chandy-gives-up-home-portfolio-in-reshuffle/article3306493.ece</ref><ref>https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/Apr/13/kerala-congress-cm-without-home-in-25-years-358128.html</ref> == തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് പ്രകടനം == {| class="wikitable" |+[[കേരള നിയമസഭ]] !വർഷം !നിയോജക മണ്ഡലം ! !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ !% !എതിരാളി ! !എതിരാളി പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ !% !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം % !ഫലം |- |[[1996 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''1996''']] | rowspan="7" |'''[[പറവൂർ നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|പറവൂർ]]''' |{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}} |'''38,607''' |'''43.67''' | rowspan="2" |[[P. Raju|പി. രാജു]] |{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=7}} |39,723 |44.93 | -1,116 | -1.26% |style="background:#FFB6C1;" | '''പരാജയപ്പെട്ടു''' |- |[[2001 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2001''']] |'''48,859''' |'''50.11%''' |41,425 |42.48 |7,434 |7.63% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |- |[[2006 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2006''']] |'''51,099''' |'''51.06''' |കെ. എം. ദിനകരൻ |43,307 |43.27 |7,792 |7.79% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |- |[[2011 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2011''']] |'''74,632''' |'''51.78''' |[[Pannian Ravindran|പന്ന്യൻ രവീന്ദ്രൻ]] |62,955 |43.91 |11,349 |7.87% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |- |[[2016 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2016''']] |'''74,985''' |'''46.70''' |ശാരദ മോഹൻ |54,351 |33.85 |20,364 |12.85% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |- |[[2021 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2021''']] |'''82,264''' |'''51.87''' |എം. ടി. നിക്സൺ |60,963 |38.44 |21,301 |13.47% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |- |[[2026 കേരള നിയമസഭ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്|'''2026''']] |'''78,658''' |'''49.2''' |[[E. T. Taison|ഇ. ടി. ടൈസൺ]] |58,058 |36.3 |20,600 |12.7% | style="background:#90EE90;" | '''വിജയിച്ചു''' |} ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist|2}} {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[പിണറായി വിജയൻ]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[കേരളത്തിന്റെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി]]|years=18 മേയ് 2026 – ഇപ്പോഴും}} {{s-aft|after= - }} {{S-end}} {{Current Indian chief ministers}} {{CMs of Kerala}} {{Fourteenth KLA}} {{Fifteenth KLA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:സതീശൻ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1964-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മേയ് 31-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പതിനൊന്നാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പന്ത്രണ്ടാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പതിമൂന്നാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പതിനാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭാ അംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പതിനഞ്ചാം കേരളനിയമസഭാ അംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ പ്രതിപക്ഷനേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പതിനാറാം കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ മന്ത്രിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ ധനകാര്യമന്ത്രിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ തുറമുഖ വകുപ്പ് മന്ത്രിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ നിയമവകുപ്പ് മന്ത്രിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിമാർ]] a91hymxufi6rsp6yfl9cxbxfg6lmko4 0 154038 4644222 3653856 2026-07-07T14:44:17Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Jalaja}} {{Infobox person | name = ജലജ | image = Jalaja.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|8|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Federation of Malaya]] | education = {{indented plainlist| * [[St. Joseph's College for Women, Alappuzha]] * [[Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram]] }} | occupation = നടി | parents = | children = 1 | spouse = {{Marriage|പ്രകാശ് നായർ|1993}} | years_active = {{ubl | 1979{{nbnd}}1989 | 2021{{nbnd}}present}} }} ഒരു മലയാളചലച്ചിത്ര അഭിനേത്രിയാണ് '''ജലജ'''. 1970-80 കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിലാണ് ജലജ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ സജീവമായിരുന്നിരുന്നത്. കേരളസംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാറിന്റെ മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരത്തിനർഹയായിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2011-07-14 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234213/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[ലെനിൻ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ]] സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത വേനൽ എന്ന ചലച്ചിത്രത്തിലെ അഭിനയത്തിന് 1981-ലെ മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള [[ഫിലിംഫെയർ പുരസ്കാരം|ഫിലിംഫെയർ പുരസ്കാരവും]] ഇവർ നേടി. നിരവധി പ്രഗൽഭ സംവിധായകരുടെ ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ ജലജ അഭിനയിച്ചു. ഇപ്പോൾ ബഹ്റൈനിൽ കുടുംബസമേതം താമസിച്ചു വരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMBinqceWGk|author=Istream|title=''Interview with Jalaja'': |work=|publisher=''Kairali TV''|date=2010 September 09|accessdate=2011 April 12}}</ref> ==വ്യക്തി ജീവിതം== ആലപ്പുഴ ജില്ലയിൽ തകഴിയിൽ ശ്രീ വാസുദേവൻപിള്ളയുടേയും ശ്രീമതി സരസ്വതി അമ്മയുടേയും പുത്രിയായി മലേഷ്യയിൽ ജനിച്ചു. അച്ഛൻ അവിടെ സൈമാസ് കോളേജിൽ പ്രൊഫസറായിരുന്നു. ജലജയ്ക്കു് എട്ടു വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ അവർ തകഴിയിൽ മടങ്ങിയെത്തി. അതിനുശേഷമുള്ള സ്ക്കൂൾ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം അമ്പലപ്പുഴ ഗവണ്മെന്റ് മോഡൽ സ്കൂളിൽ ആയിരുന്നു. പത്താം ക്ലാസ്സു കഴിഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ അവർ താമസം ആലപ്പുഴയിലേക്കു് മാറ്റി. ആലപ്പുഴയിലെ സെന്റ് ജോസഫ്സ് കോളേജ് ഫോർ വിമൻസിൽ നിന്ന് പ്രീ-ഡിഗ്രിയും നേടി. തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ ഗവൺമെന്റ് കോളേജ് ഫോർ വിമൻസിൽ നിന്ന് ബിരുദവും ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് സാഹിത്യത്തിൽ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദവും നേടി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/163185|title=ദു:ഖപുത്രിയല്ല ഞാൻ... &#124; mangalam.com|access-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140325050257/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/163185|archive-date=25 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfjYSZlOpHY|title=On record With T.N Gopakumar: Jalaja|access-date=27 November 2013|date=17 May 2012|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/nfjYSZlOpHY|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 1993 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 3 ന് പ്രകാശ് നായരെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അവർ പിന്നീട് ബഹ്‌റൈനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കി. അവർക്ക് ദേവി എന്നൊരു മകളുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68XgGaSGQPY|title=Interview with Jalaja|access-date=12 April 2011|date=9 September 2010|publisher=Kairali TV|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/68XgGaSGQPY|archive-date=21 December 2021|url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 2014 ലെ കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡുകളുടെ ജൂറി അംഗമായിരുന്നു. ==അഭിനയം== ആലപ്പുഴ സെന്റ്‌ ജോസഫ്സ് വനിതാ കോളേജിലായിരുന്നു കലാലയവിദ്യാഭ്യാസം. ചെറിയ അളവിൽ നൃത്തം അഭ്യസിച്ചിരുന്ന ജലജ ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ അഭിനയവാസനയുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഒരു കലാകാരിയായിരുന്നു.പ്രീഡിഗ്രിക്കുപഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ [[ഫാസിൽ|ഫാസിലിന്റെ]] സാലഭഞ്ജിക എന്ന നാടകത്തിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചു. 1978ൽ [[ജി. അരവിന്ദൻ|ജി. അരവിന്ദന്റെ]] തമ്പ് എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ സിനിമാലോകത്തെത്തി. == അവാർഡുകൾ == * 1981 ലെ മികച്ച നടിയ്ക്കുള്ള കേരള സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡ്: - വേനൽ * 1981 ലെ മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള ഫിലിംഫെയർ അവാർഡ് - വേനൽ ==ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ== {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCF" align="center" | '''നമ്പർ.''' || '''ചിത്രം''' || '''വർഷം''' ||'''കഥാപാത്രം''' || '''സംവിധായകൻ''' |- | 1 || [[തമ്പ് (മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രം)|തമ്പ്]]|| 1978|| ||[[ജി. അരവിന്ദൻ]] |- | 2 ||[[ഉൾക്കടൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഉൾക്കടൽ]] || 1978 || ||[[കെ. ജി. ജോർജ്ജ്]] |- | 3 ||[[രണ്ടു പെൺകുട്ടികൾ]] || 1978 || ||[[മോഹൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|മോഹൻ]] |- |4 || [[ഈ ഗാനം മറക്കുമോ]]|| 1978 || ||[[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- | 5 || [[മാറ്റൊലി]]|| 1978 || ||[[എൻ. ഭീംസിങ്]] |- | 6 ||[[സായൂജ്യം]] || 1979 || ||ജി. പ്രേംകുമാർ |- | 7 ||[[ഉൾക്കടൽ]] || 1979 || ||[[കെ.ജി. ജോർജ്ജ്]] |- | 8 || [[രാധ എന്ന പെൺകുട്ടി]]|| 1979 || ||ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- | 9 || [[കണ്ണുകൾ]]|| 1979 || ||പി. ഗോപികുമാർ |- |10 ||[[വിൽക്കാനുണ്ട് സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ]] || 1979 || ||എം ആസാദ് |- | 11 || [[ശാലിനി എന്റെ കൂട്ടുകാരി]] || 1980 || ||[[മോഹൻ (സംവിധായകൻ)|മോഹൻ]] |- | 12 ||[[രാഗം താനം പല്ലവി]] || 1980 || ||[[എ.ടി അബു]] |- | 13 ||[[സൂര്യന്റെ മരണം]]|| 1980 || ||[[രാജീവ് നാഥ്]] |- | 14 ||[[ഹൃദയം പാടുന്നൂ]] || 1980 || ||ജി. പ്രേംകുമാർ |- | 15 || [[ചോര ചുവന്ന ചോര]]|| 1980 || ||ജി. ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ |- | 16 ||[[ആരോഹണം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ആരോഹണം]] || 1980 || ||ഷെരീഫ് കൊട്ടാരക്കര |- | 17 ||[[അധികാരം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അധികാരം]]|| 1980 || ||[[പി. ചന്ദ്രകുമാർ]] |- | 18 || [[ചാകര (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചാകര]]|| 1980 || ||[[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ|പി.ജി]] |- | 19 || [[വെടിക്കെട്ട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വെടിക്കെട്ട്]]|| 1980 || ||കെ.ഏ. ശിവദാസ് |- | 20 ||[[വയൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വയൽ]] || 1981 || ||ആന്റണി ഈസ്റ്റ്മാൻ |- | 21||[[താളം മനസ്സിന്റെ താളം]] || 1981 || ||[[എ.ടി. അബു]] |- | 22 || [[മുന്നേറ്റം]]|| 1981 || ||[[ശ്രീകുമാരൻ തമ്പി|ശ്രീകുമാരൻ]] |- | 23 ||തകിലുകൊട്ടാമ്പുറം || 1981 || ||[[ബാലു കിരിയത്ത്]] |- | 24 ||[[എലിപ്പത്തായം]] || 1981 || ||[[അടൂർ ഗോപാലകൃഷ്ണൻ]] |- | 25 || [[വേനൽ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|വേനൽ]]|| 1981 || ||[[ലെനിൻ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ]] |- | 26 ||[[ഗ്രീഷ്മം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഗ്രീഷ്മം]] || 1981 || ||വി.ആർ. ഗോപിനാഥ് |- | 27 ||[[ഇതിഹാസം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഇതിഹാസം]] || 1981 || ||ജോഷി |- | 28 || [[അരയന്നം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അരയന്നം]]|| 1981 || ||പി. ഗോപികുമാർ |- | 29 ||[[സ്വർണ്ണപ്പക്ഷികൾ]] || 1981 || ||[[പി.ആർ. നായർ]] |- | 30 ||[[ആമ്പൽ പൂവ്]] || 1981 || ||[[ഹരികുമാർ]] |- | 31 ||[[വഴിയാത്രക്കാർ]] || 1981 || ||[[എ.ബി. രാജ്]] |- | 32 ||[[യവനിക]]||1982 || ||[[കെ. ജി. ജോർജ്ജ്]] |- | 33 || ചില്ല്|| 1982 || ||[[ലെനിൻ രാജേന്ദ്രൻ]] |- | 34 || ബലൂൺ|| 1982 || ||രവിഗുപ്തൻ |- | 35 || സൂര്യൻ|| 1982 || ||[[ശശികുമാർ]] |- | 36 || [[ഇത്തിരിനേരം ഒത്തിരികാര്യം]]|| 1982 || ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ]] |- | 37 || [[യാഗം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|യാഗം]]|| 1982 || ||ശിവൻ |- | 38 || [[കോരിത്തരിച്ചനാൾ]]|| 1982 || ||[[ശശികുമാർ]] |- | 39 ||ശേഷക്രിയ || 1982 || ||രവി ആലുമ്മൂട് |- | 40 || കോമരം|| 1982 || ||ജെ.സി.ജോർജ്ജ് |- | 41 ||പടയോട്ടം || 1982 || ||ജിജോ |- | 42 || [[മർമ്മരം]]|| 1982 || ||[[ഭരതൻ]] |- |43||പോസ്റ്റ്മാർട്ടം || 1982 || ||[[ശശികുമാർ]] |- | 44 ||കണ്മണിക്കൊരുമ്മ || 1982 || ||പി.കെ. കൃഷ്ണൻ |- | 45 ||കിങ്ങിണിക്കൊമ്പ് || 1983 || ||ജയൻ അടിയാട്ട് |- | 46 ||കാട്ടരുവി || 1983 || ||[[ശശികുമാർ]] |- | 47 || പാസ്പോർട്ട്|| 1983 || ||തമ്പികണ്ണന്താനം |- | 48 ||കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ് || 1983 || ||[[ജോഷി]] |- | 49 || ഒരു സ്വകാര്യം|| 1983 || ||[[ഹരികുമാർ]] |- | 50 ||കാര്യം നിസ്സാരം || 1983 || ||[[ബാലചന്ദ്രമേനോൻ |- | 51 ||കത്തി || 1983 || ||വി.പി.മുഹമ്മദ് |- | 52 ||ഒന്നുചിരിക്കൂ || 1983 || ||[[പി.ജി. വിശ്വംഭരൻ]] |- | 53 ||ഈറ്റില്ലം || 1983 || ||[[ഫാസിൽ]] |- | 54 ||വാശി || 1983 || ||പി.എൻ. സുന്ദരം |- | 55 ||പ്രതിജ്ഞ || 1983 || ||[[സത്യൻ അന്തിക്കാട്]] |- | 56 ||വിസ || 1983 || ||[[ബാലു കിരിയത്ത്]] |- | 57 || [[മണ്ടന്മാർ ലണ്ടനിൽ]]|| 1983 || ||[[സത്യൻ അന്തിക്കാട്]] |- | 58 ||ഭാര്യ ഒരു ദേവത || 1984 || ||[[എൻ. ശങ്കരൻ നായർ]] |- | 59 ||കുരിശുയുദ്ധം || 1984 || ||ബേബി |- | 60||എന്റെ നന്ദിനിക്കുട്ടി || 1984 || ||വത്സൻ |- | 61 ||ഒന്നും മിണ്ടാത്ത ഭാര്യ || 1984 || ||[[ബാലു കിരിയത്ത്]] |- | 62 ||ആശംസകളോടെ || 1984 || ||വിജയൻ കാരോട്ട് |- | 63 ||എൻ.എച് 47 || 1984 || ||ബേബി |- | 64 ||അതിരാത്രം || 1984 || ||[[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- |65 || [[ആൾക്കൂട്ടത്തിൽ തനിയെ]] || 1984 || ||[[ഐ.വി. ശശി]] |- | 66 ||കൂടുതേടുന്ന പറവ || 1984 || ||[[പി.കെ. ജോസഫ്]] |- | 67 ||അന്തിച്ചുകപ്പ് || 1984 || ||കുര്യൻ വർണ്ണ്ശാല |- | 68 || എതിർപ്പുകൾ|| 1984 || ||ഉണ്ണീ ആറന്മുള |- | 69 || കോടതി|| 1984 || ||[[ജോഷി]] |- | 70 || [[കരിയിലക്കാറ്റുപോലെ]] || 1986 || || [[പി. പത്മരാജൻ]] |- | 71 || [[അബ്കാരി]] || 1988 || ||[[ഐ. വി. ശശി]] |- | 72 || [[ആലീസിന്റെ അന്വേഷണം ]]|| 1989 || ||[[ടി. വി. ചന്ദ്രൻ]] |- | 73 ||[[മഹായാനം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മഹായാനം]] || 1989 || ||[[ജോഷി]] |- | 74 || [[മാലിക് ]] || 2021 || ||[[ മഹേഷ് നാരായണൻ]] |} ==അവലംബം== <references/> ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *{{imdb name|0416075}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള കേരളസംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്രപുരസ്കാരം ലഭിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1961-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] 0hvcbleqs3inv2q8paje8li0wy1blh8 0 164753 4644214 1726915 2026-07-07T13:44:00Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Phylliidae}} {{Taxobox | name = Leaf insects | fossil_range=[[Eocene]] - സമീപസ്ഥം | image = LeafInsect.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Phyllium]]'' from the [[Western Ghats]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | ordo = [[Phasmatodea]] | superfamilia = [[Phyllioidea]] | familia = '''Phylliidae''' | familia_authority = [[Ludwig Redtenbacher|Redtenbacher]], 1906 | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] | subdivision = ''[[Chitoniscus]]''<br> ''[[Microphyllium]]''<br> ''[[Nanophyllium]]''<br> ''[[Phyllium]]''<br> ''[[Eophyllium]]'' ([[extinct]]) }} ഇലക്ക് സമാനമായ രൂപമുള്ള ഷഡ്പദമാണ് '''ഇലപ്രാണി'''. ''Phylliidae'' എന്നാണ് ഇവ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്.ഇലകളിൽ ഒളിച്ചിരുന്ന് ശത്രുക്കളിൽ നിന്ന് രക്ഷപെടുവാൻ ഇവയുടെ രൂപം ഇവയെ സഹായിക്കുന്നു ഇവ നടക്കും ഇലകളെന്നും പറയാറുണ്ട്. ചിറകുകളൂള്ള ഇനങ്ങൾക്ക് അല്പദൂരം പറക്കുവാനും കഴിയും.'''Phylliidae''' (often misspelled '''Phyllidae''') എന്ന ജൈവകുടുംബത്തിൽ പെട്ടവയാണിവ.[[File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Leaf insect.jpg|thumb|left|A leaf insect in the permanent collection of [[The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis]]]] == അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{commons category|Phylliidae}} * [http://phasmid-study-group.org/taxonomy/term/5944 Phasmid Study Group: Phylliidae] * [http://www.reptileexpert.org/leaf-insect-care/ Leaf insect care sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923111714/http://www.reptileexpert.org/leaf-insect-care/ |date=2015-09-23 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഷഡ്‌പദങ്ങൾ]] [[pl:Liściec]] 9h27337sw1jf7v9p3vecwwqb07rwdqh 0 164880 4644412 3829754 2026-07-08T11:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Common Unix Printing System}} {{Infobox software | name = കുപ്സ് | author = [[Michael Sweet (programmer)|Michael Sweet]] ([[Easy Software Products]]) | developer = [[ആപ്പിൾ ഇൻകോർപ്പറേറ്റഡ്|ആപ്പിൾ]] | released = {{Start date|1999|06|09}} | latest release version = 1.5 | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2011|07|25}}<ref name="CUPS 1.5">{{cite web | url=http://www.cups.org/articles.php?L630 | title=CUPS 1.5 | date=2011-07-25 | accessdate=2011-07-25 | archive-date=2011-09-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927115916/http://www.cups.org/articles.php?L630 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | operating system = [[Unix-like]], [[Microsoft Windows|വിൻഡോസ്]] | genre = [[Print server]] | license = [[ഗ്നൂ സാർവ്വജനിക അനുവാദപത്രം|ജി.പി.എൽ.]], [[GNU Lesser General Public License]], with [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] exceptions for software that links against CUPS to run on Apple operating systems <ref name=license>[http://www.cups.org/documentation.php/doc-1.4/license.html CUPS Software License Agreement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130222555/http://www.cups.org/documentation.php/doc-1.4/license.html |date=2010-01-30 }}, see section "License Exceptions". Last accessed July 10, 2009</ref> | website = http://www.cups.org }} യുണിക്സ് ലൈക് സിസ്റ്റങ്ങൾക്കായിട്ടുള്ള പ്രിന്റിങ് സിസ്റ്റമാണ് കുപ്സ് അഥവാ കോമൺ യുണിക്സ് പ്രിൻറിംഗ് സിസ്റ്റം. സിസ്റ്റത്തിനെ ഒരു പ്രിന്റ് സർവ്വർ ആക്കുകയാണ് കുപ്സ് ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഇതു വഴി ശൃംഖലയിൽ ബന്ധിക്കപ്പെട്ട മറ്റു കംപ്യൂട്ടറുകളിൽ നിന്ന് പ്രിന്റ് ശേഖരിച്ച് അനുയോജ്യമായ പ്രിന്ററിലേക്ക് അയ്ക്കാൻ സാധിക്കും. കുപ്സിൽ ഒരു പ്രിന്റ് സ്പൂളറും ഷെഡ്യൂളറും ഉണ്ട്. == ഇതും കാണുക == {{Portal|Free software}} * [[ഫൂമാറ്റിക്]] * [[ഗട്ടൻപ്രിൻറ്]] * [[എച്ച്പി ലിനക്സ് ഇമേജിങ് ആൻഡ് പ്രിൻറിംഗ്]] * [[LPRng]] * [[Scanner Access Now Easy]] * [[സ്പൂളിങ്]] * [[എക്സ്പ്രിൻറ്]] == അവലംബം == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == വായനയ്ക്ക് == * Sweet, Michael (July 10, 2000). [http://www.cups.org/overview.html CUPS overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225054134/http://www.cups.org/overview.html |date=2004-12-25 }}. ''Easy Software Products''. * [http://www.cups.org/sam.html#4_4 CUPS software administration manual : Managing printers from the web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225043927/http://www.cups.org/sam.html#4_4 |date=2004-12-25 }} (version 1.1.21, 2004). ''Easy Software Products''. Retrieved January 5, 2005. * http://www.cups.org/articles.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613001400/http://www.cups.org/articles.php |date=2006-06-13 }} How-to articles and FAQs about using CUPS * [http://www.linuxprinting.org/CUPS-Filter-Chart.html Design of CUPS Filtering System — including the context for Mac OS X ("Jaguar")] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218211417/http://www.linuxprinting.org/CUPS-Filter-Chart.html |date=2006-12-18 }}. ''LinuxPrinting.org''. Retrieved January 5, 2005. * [[KDE]]. ''[http://printing.kde.org/info/ KDEPrint information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207054956/http://printing.kde.org/info/ |date=2005-02-07 }}''. KDE-printing website. Retrieved January 14, 2005. ==പുറം കണ്ണികൾ== * {{Official website|http://www.cups.org/}} * {{Freshmeat|cups|CUPS}} * [http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/OpenPrinting OpenPrinting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530065819/http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/OpenPrinting |date=2008-05-30 }} * [http://www.upnp.org/standardizeddcps/printer.asp Universal Plug and Play - Printer Device V 1.0 and Printer Basic Service V 1.0] {{FLOSS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cups}} [[Category:ഡിവൈസ് ഡ്രൈവറുകൾ]] [[Category:Computer printing]] [[Category:ആപ്പിൾ സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ]] [[Category:Free PDF software]] dn5n28ezksxppadgdc04l7r86hfx8tb 0 170964 4644401 4642779 2026-07-08T10:41:43Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Kohautia }} <!-- This article was auto-generated by [[User:Polbot]]. --> {{taxobox | name = ''Kohautia'' | image = | image_width = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] | familia = [[Rubiaceae]] | tribus = [[Spermacoceae]] | genus = '''''Kohautia''''' | genus_authority = [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] | type_species = ''[[Kohautia senegalensis]]'' | type-species_authority = [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 31 species (see text) |}} '''''കോഹൗട്ടിയ''''' - '''''Kohautia''''' [[പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ|പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങളിലെ]] [[റുബിയേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു ജനുസ്സ്. ഏഷ്യ, ആഫ്രിക്ക, മഡഗാസ്കർ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ ഉഷ്ണമേഘാലാ പ്രദേശങ്ങളാണ് നൈസർഗ്ഗികമായ ഇവയുടെ മേഖല.<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4</ref><ref name="groeninckx2009">Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgitta Bremer, Suzy Huysmans, and Erik Smets. 2009. "Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data". ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' '''96'''(1):109-132.</ref> 31 സ്പീഷിസുകൾ തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name="groeninckx2009"/> ''[[Kohautia senegalensis|കോഹൗട്ടിയ സെനെഗാലെൻസിസ്]]'' ആണ് ഇതിലെ മറ്റൊരു സ്പീഷിസ് .<ref name="ingkohautia">''Kohautia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: [[Regnum Vegetabile]] (see ''External links'' below).</ref> ''കോഹൗട്ടിയ'' എന്ന [[Botanical name|ശാസ്ത്രീയനാമം]] നൽകിയത് 1829ൽ ആൽബെർട്ട് വോൺ ചാമിസ്സോയും ഡൈഡ്രിച്ച് വോൺ ഷെലെച്ചെൻഡാലും ചേർന്നാണ്<ref name="chamisso1829">Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. 1829. ''Linnaea'' '''4''':157. (see ''External links'' below)</ref>. ==സ്പീഷിസ്== * ''[[Kohautia socotrana]]'' [[Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp|Bremekamp]] * ''[[Kohautia senegalensis]]'' [[Adelbert von Chamisso|Chamisso]] & [[Diederich von Schlechtendal|Schlechtendal]] ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Kohautia&page=quickSearch ''Kohautia''] At: [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do?checklist=rubiaceae%40%40025250120110104024 Search Page] At: [http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html World Checklist of Rubiaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130437/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html |date=2011-01-01 }} At: [http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi Index by Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230523/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi |date=2011-06-28 }} At: [http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/index.html Projects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228134853/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ |date=2011-02-28 }} At: [http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ Science Directory] At: [http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] At: [http://www.kew.org Kew Gardens] * [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Kohautia ''Kohautia'']{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=മാർച്ച് 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} At:[http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/ Index Nominum Genericorum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116211833/http://botany.si.edu/ing/ |date=2018-11-16 }} At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references References] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927172741/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm?references |date=2010-09-27 }} At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001045837/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm |date=2010-10-01 }} * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/95529 ''Kohautia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200811/http://www.botanicus.org/page/95529 |date=2016-03-03 }} In: [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002428347 ''Linnaea'', volume 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125022835/http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002428347 |date=2023-11-25 }} At: [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 ''Linnaea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110223316/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12461441 |date=2012-01-10 }} At: [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles Titles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606171508/http://www.botanicus.org/browse/titles |date=2020-06-06 }} At: [http://www.botanicus.org Botanicus] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091211004729/http://www.botanicus.org/ |date=2009-12-11 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കൊഹൗട്ടിയ]] {{plant-stub}} 83ng1x2aajbh1n8a7x9d9dbj2xltmyu 0 173475 4644360 3735312 2026-07-08T09:24:33Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ഹന കാതറീൻ മുള്ളൻസ് | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = 1826 | birth_place = [[Hugli-Chuchura|ചിൻസുര]], [[ഇന്ത്യ]] | death_date = 1861 | death_place = [[കൊൽക്കത്ത]], [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യ]] | occupation = എഴുത്തുകാരൻ, മിഷനറി, അധ്യാപകൻ | spouse = {{marriage|ജോസഫ് മുള്ളൻs|1845}} | children = ആലീസ് മരിയ മുള്ളൻസ്<br /> എലിയറ്റ് മുള്ളൻസ്<br /> കെന്നത്ത് മുള്ളൻസ്<br /> ലൂസി റാംസെ മുള്ളൻസ് <br /> കേറ്റ് ഹാസൽ മുള്ളൻസ് | mother = ഹന്ന ഹെർക്ലോട്ട്സ് | father = അൽഫോൺസ് ഫ്രാങ്കോയിസ് ലാക്രോയിക്സ് }} '''ഹന കാതറീൻ മുള്ളൻസ് (1ജൂലൈ 1826- 21നവമ്പർ 1861)''' ക്രിസ്തുമത പ്രചാരകയും സാമൂഹ്യപ്രവർത്തകയും എഴുത്തുകാരിയുമായിരുന്നു<ref>{{Cite book|title=Women Writing in India: 600BC to the early twentieth century|last=Tharu|first=Susie J|publisher=The Feminist Press|year=1991|isbn=|location=NewYork|pages=203-205}}</ref>'''.''' ബംഗാളി ഭാഷയിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ നോവലാണെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്ന ''ഫുല്മണിയുടേയും കരുണയുടേയും കഥ'' രചിച്ചത് ഹനാ കാതറിൻ മുലെൻസ് ആണ് <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/PhulmaniOKarunarBibaran|title=Phulmoni O Karunar Bibaran|access-date=2019-03-07|last=Mullens|first=Hana Katherine|date=|website=archive.org|publisher=Internet Archive}}</ref>'''.''' 1852-ൽ കൽക്കട്ടയിൽ ആണ് ഈ ക്യതി പ്രസിദ്ധപ്പെടുത്തിയത് . == ജീവിതരേഖ == ഹനയുടെ പിതാവ് അൽഫോൺസോ ഫാന്സ്വാ ലാക്രോയ്, ലണ്ടൻ മിഷണറി സഭയിലെ അംഗമായി കൊൽക്കത്തയിൽ എത്തിയതായിരുന്നു.ഹനയുടെ ജനനം കൊൽക്കത്തയിലായിരുന്നെന്ന് സൂചനകളുണ്ട്<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Malence,_Hanah_Kathrin|title=Malence, Hanah Kathrine|access-date=2019-03-07|last=|first=|date=|website=en.banglapedia.org|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref>. കൊൽക്കത്തയിൽ വളർന്ന ഹനക്ക് ബംഗാളി ഭാഷ അനായാസമായി കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യാനായി. പതിനഞ്ചാമത്തെ വയസ്സിൽ ലണ്ടനിലെത്തിയ ഹന ഏതാണ്ട് അഞ്ചു വർഷത്തോളം അവിടെ താമസിച്ച് സ്കൂൾവിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി. പിന്നീട് കൊൽക്കത്തയിൽ തിരിച്ചെത്തി. 1845-ൽ പത്തൊമ്പതു വയസ്സുകാരിയായ ഹനയുടെ വിവാഹം നടന്നു. കൊൽക്കത്തയിലെ ഭവാനിപൂർ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന്റെ മേലധികാരി ജോസഫ് മുളൻസ് ആയിരുന്നു വരൻ. വിവാഹശേഷം ഹന മതപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ തുടർന്നു. ബാലികമാർക്കായി വിദ്യാലയങ്ങൾ നടത്താൻ ഹന മുൻകൈ എടുത്തു. ഹനയുടെ മരണം പെട്ടെന്നായിരുന്നു. കുടുംബസമേതം ലണ്ടനിലേക്ക് പോകാനിരിക്കെ വയറ്റുവേദന കാരണം വൈദ്യസഹായം തേടി. രണ്ടു ദിവസത്തിനകം മരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. കുടൽഭിത്തിയിൽ തുളകൾ വീണതാണ് കാരണമെന്നു പറയുന്നു. == കൃതികൾ == === ഫൂൽമണിയുടേയും കരുണയുടേയും കഥ === 298 പേജുകളിലായി പത്തു അധ്യായങ്ങളുമുള്ള [[ഫുൽമോനി എന്നും കോരുണ എന്നും പേരായ രണ്ടു സ്ത്രീകളുടെ കഥ|ഈ നോവൽ]] ക്രിസ്തുമതം സ്വീകരിച്ച ഗ്രാമീണ ഹിന്ദു കുടുംബങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ളതാണ്. മതപരിവർത്തനം കൊണ്ടുള്ള നേട്ടങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും പറയുന്നുണ്ട്. 1852-ൽ കൊൽക്കത്തയിലെ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ ട്രസ്റ്റ് അൻഡ് ബുക് സൊസൈറ്റി എന്ന സംഘടനയാണ് പുസ്തകം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചത്. മൂവായിരം കോപികൾ അച്ചടിച്ചതായും പുറംചട്ടയിൽ പറയുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref name=":0" /> === മറ്റു കൃതികൾ === പ്രസന്നയും കാമിനിയും എന്ന കൃതിയുടെ ഏഴു അധ്യായങ്ങളെ ഹനക്ക് എഴുതിത്തീർക്കാനായുള്ളു.ശേഷം പൂർത്തികരിച്ചത് കുടുംബാംഗങ്ങളായിരുന്നുവെന്ന് മുഖവുരയിൽ പറയുന്നു<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=b-QHAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Prasanna and Kamini: The History of a Young Hindu|access-date=2019-03-07|last=Muellens|first=Hannah Catherine|date=|website=books.google.co.in|publisher=Google Books}}</ref>. ഈ കൃതിയുടെ പരിഭാഷ മറ്റു പേരുകളിലും പ്രസിദ്ധികരിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lT4XAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Hannah+Catherine+Mullens%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwip-NWjqe_gAhXU6XMBHSKXDq8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Life by the Ganges: Or Faith and Victory|access-date=2019-03-07|last=Mullens|first=Hannah Catherine|date=1867-03-01|website=books.google.co.in|publisher=Presbyterian Publication Committee, Philadelphia}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UPEIt_YdWksC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Hannah+Catherine+Mullens%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwip-NWjqe_gAhXU6XMBHSKXDq8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Faith and Victory: A Story of the Progress of Christianity in Bengal|access-date=2019-03-07|last=Muellen|first=Hannah Catherine|date=1865-02-01|website=books.google.co.in|publisher=}}</ref> , ==അവലംബം== <references/> {{writer-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബംഗാളി സാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1826-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1861-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] 8wmiblwqbjevtmtg35x5sbapoo4cy75 0 176886 4644394 4565495 2026-07-08T10:12:56Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Hopea parviflora}} {{taxobox | name= തമ്പകം | image = Hopea parviflora.jpg | image_caption =ഇലകളും മൊട്ടുകളും |status = EN |status_system = IUCN2.3 |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Malvales]] |familia = [[Dipterocarpaceae]] |genus = ''[[Hopea]]'' |species = '''''H. parviflora''''' |binomial = ''Hopea parviflora'' |binomial_authority = [[Richard Henry Beddome|Bedd.]] |}} [[പ്രമാണം:Hopea parviflora flower.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|തമ്പകത്തിന്റെ പൂവ്, തളിരിലകളോടപ്പം. കാസർകോട്ടെ ഇടയിലെക്കാട് നിന്ന് പകർത്തിയത്.]] [[Dipterocarpaceae|ഡിപ്റ്റിറോകാർപേസി]] [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്ന]] ഒരു [[വൃക്ഷം|വലിയവൃക്ഷമാണ്]] '''ഉരുപ്പ്''' അഥവാ '''തമ്പകം''' {{ശാനാ|Hopea parviflora}}. [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|പശ്ചിമഘട്ടത്തിലെ]] 1000 മീ. വരെ ഉയരം വരുന്ന മലകളിലെ ഈർപ്പമുള്ള [[നിത്യഹരിതവനം|നിത്യഹരിത വനങ്ങളിൽ]] ഇവ ധാരാളമായി വളരുന്നുണ്ട്. ഉയരം കുറഞ്ഞ മലകളിലെ പുഴയോരങ്ങളിൽ തമ്പകത്തിന്റെ കാടുകൾ തന്നെ കാണാം. ==രുപവിവരണം== ധാരാളം ശാഖോപശാഖകളോടെ വളരുന്ന നിത്യഹരിത വൃക്ഷമാണിത്. ഏകാന്തരന്യാസത്തിൽ ക്രമീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഇവയുടെ ഇലകൾ ലഘുവും അനുപർണങ്ങളുള്ളതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾക്ക് ഏകദേശം 5-10 സെ.മീ. നീളവും ഇതിന്റെ പകുതിയോളം വീതിയും ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കും. ഇലകളിൽ 8 മുതൽ 12 വരെ ജോഡി പാർശ്വസിരകളുണ്ടായിരിക്കും. ഇലകളുടെ അടിവശത്തുള്ള പാർശ്വസിരകളുടെ കക്ഷ്യഭാഗത്തായി ചെറിയ ഗ്രന്ഥികൾ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ==പ്രത്യേകതകൾ== തമ്പകം അഞ്ചോ ആറോ വർഷത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കലേ പുഷ്പിക്കാറുള്ളൂ. [[ജനുവരി]] മാസമാണ് ഇതിന്റെ പുഷ്പകാലം. പുഷ്പങ്ങളുണ്ടാകുന്നത് പാനിക്കിൾ പുഷ്പമഞ്ജരിയായിട്ടാണ്. പുഷ്പമഞ്ജരി രോമിലമായിരിക്കും. പുഷ്പമഞ്ജരിയുടെ ശാഖകളിൽ ഒരു വശത്തു മാത്രമേ പുഷ്പങ്ങളുണ്ടാകാറുള്ളൂ. പുഷ്പങ്ങൾക്ക് സുഗന്ധ മുണ്ട്. അര സെ.മീ. മാത്രം വ്യാസമുള്ള പുഷ്പങ്ങൾക്ക് വെണ്ണ നിറമാണ്. ഇവ സമമിത ദ്വിലിംഗികളാണ്. ബാഹ്യദളപുടത്തിന്റെ അഞ്ചു പുടങ്ങളിൽ രണ്ടെണ്ണം മാത്രം വളർന്ന് ചിറകുപോലെയായിത്തീരുന്നു. അഞ്ച് ദളങ്ങളും 15 സ്വതന്ത്ര കേസരങ്ങളുമുണ്ടായിരിക്കും. [[അണ്ഡാശയം]] ഊർധ്വവർത്തിയാണ്. മൂന്ന് അറകളുള്ള [[അണ്ഡാശയം|അണ്ഡാശയത്തിന്റെ]] ഓരോ അറയിലും രണ്ട് ബീജാണ്ഡങ്ങൾ വീതമുണ്ടായിരിക്കും. കായ ഒറ്റവിത്തു മാത്രമുള്ള നട്ട് ആണ്. കായ്കളുടെ രണ്ടു ചിറകുപോലെയുള്ള ഭാഗങ്ങൾ ബാഹ്യദളപുടം വളർന്നുണ്ടായതാണ്. ഈ ചിറകുകളാണ് കാറ്റുമൂലം വിത്തുവിതരണം നടത്തുന്നതിനു സഹായിക്കുന്നത്. മഴക്കാലത്തിനു മുമ്പുതന്നെ കായ്കൾ വിളഞ്ഞു പാകമാകുന്നു. ==ഉപയോഗം== [[തേക്ക്|തേക്കിനേക്കാൾ]] ഈടുള്ള തമ്പകത്തിന്റെ തടി ചിതലോ മറ്റു കീടങ്ങളോ കടിച്ചു നശിപ്പിക്കുകയില്ല. ഇതിന്റെ തടി അറുക്കാനും മരപ്പണിയ്ക്കും പ്രയാസമാണ്. എന്നിരുന്നാലും വീട്ടുപകരണങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കാനും കെട്ടിട നിർമ്മാണത്തിനും വാഹനനിർമ്മാണത്തിനും ഇതിന്റെ തടി അനുയോജ്യമാണ്. വെള്ളത്തിൽ കിടന്നാൽ നശിച്ചു പോകാത്ത ഈ തടി ചെറിയ ചെക്ക് ഡാമുകളിൽ പലക ഇടാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു ==മറ്റു പേരുകൾ== തമ്പകം, ഉരുപ്പ്, ഇരുമ്പകം, കൊങ്ങ്, പൊങ്ങ്. ==പുറംകണ്ണികൾ== * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/13307 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] *http://www.biotik.org/india/species/h/hopeparv/hopeparv_en.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725115206/http://www.biotik.org/india/species/h/hopeparv/hopeparv_en.html |date=2010-07-25 }} *http://drsanthosh.wetpaint.com/photo/4563938/Hopea+parviflora{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{സർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശം|തമ്പകം}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ മരങ്ങൾ}} {{Biology portal bar}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വൃക്ഷങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഡിപ്റ്ററോകാർപേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] fo21skj9w2fod2x13x0nlkl47fp900q 0 197349 4644232 4547880 2026-07-07T15:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Ubuntu One}} {{Infobox software | logo = [[File:Ubuntu One Logo U1.svg|200px|ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ ലോഗോ]] | screenshot =[[File:Ubuntu One Control Panel.png|350px]] | caption = ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ കൺട്രോൾ പാനെൽ | developer = [[Canonical Ltd.]] | released = May 2009 | latest release version = | latest release date = | operating system = [[ഉബുണ്ടു]], [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ്]], [[വിൻഡോസ്]], [[ഐഓഎസ്]] | language = [[ഇംഗ്ലിഷ്]] | programming_language = [[പൈത്തൺ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stefanoforenza.com/what-is-ubuntu-one/|title=What is Ubuntu One|date=13 May 2009|access-date=2012-06-22|archive-date=2011-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306152853/http://www.stefanoforenza.com/what-is-ubuntu-one/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | status = സജീവം | genre = [[ക്ലൗഡ് സേവനം]] | license = സെർവർ: സ്വകാര്യം<ref>{{cite web|url=https://launchpad.net/ubuntuone-servers |title=Ubuntu One Servers in Launchpad |quote=Other/Proprietary |accessdate=2010-10-22}}</ref> <br> ക്ലൈന്റ്: [[ജിപിഎൽ]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntuone-control-tower/ubuntuone-client/trunk/annotate/head%3A/ubuntuone/logger.py |title=One license notice example |quote=under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3, as published by the Free Software Foundation. |accessdate=2010-10-22 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220040232/http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntuone-control-tower/ubuntuone-client/trunk/annotate/head:/ubuntuone/logger.py |url-status=dead }}</ref> | website = [http://one.ubuntu.com one.ubuntu.com] }} [[കാനോനിക്കൽ]] പരിപാലിക്കുന്ന സ്വകാര്യ [[ക്ലൗഡ് സേവനം|ക്ലൗഡ് സേവനമായിരുന്നു]] '''ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ'''. 2014 ഏപ്രിലിൽ ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ സൗകര്യം അതേ വർഷം ജൂലൈയോടു നിർത്തലാക്കുകയാണെന്നു കാനോനിക്കൽ ലിമിറ്റഡ് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. ഉപഭോക്താക്കളുടെ അംഗത്വം മറ്റു ഉബുണ്ടു സേവനങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കനുള്ള സൗകര്യം ലഭ്യമാക്കിയ ശേഷം ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ നിർത്തലാക്കി. [[ഉബുണ്ടു|ഉബുണ്ടുവിന്]] വേണ്ടിയാണ് ആരംഭിച്ചതെങ്കിലും [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ്]], [[ഐഓഎസ്]], [[വിൻഡോസ്]], [[വെബ്]] പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോമുകൾക്കും ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ ലഭ്യമായിരുന്നു. ഓൺലൈനായി വിവരങ്ങൾ സൂക്ഷിക്കാനും [[കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ]], [[മൊബൈൽ]] എന്നിവയിലൂടെ കൈമാറ്റം നടത്താനും ഉള്ള സൗകര്യത്തോടൊപ്പം, [[മൊബൈൽ]] ഉപകരണങ്ങളിലൂടെ സംഗീതം ആസ്വദിക്കാനുള്ള സൗകര്യവും സൗജന്യമായതും, പണം നൽകി ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്നതുമായ അക്കൗണ്ടുകൾ വഴി ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ നൽകിയിരുന്നു. ==സവിശേഷതകൾ== [[ഉബുണ്ടു 9.04]] മുതലുള്ള [[ഉബുണ്ടു]] പതിപ്പുകളിലും, [[വിൻഡോസ് എക്സ് പി|വിൻഡോസ് എക്സ് പിയിലും]] അതിനു മുകളിലുള്ളവയിലും ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. എന്നാൽ [[മാക് ഓഎസ്|മാക് ഓഎസിന്]] പിന്തുണ ലഭ്യമല്ല.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://one.ubuntu.com/downloads/ |title=Ubuntu One: Downloads |accessdate=2011-10-01 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809233713/https://one.ubuntu.com/downloads/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> മൊബൈൽ ഉപകരണങ്ങളിൽ [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ് 2.1]] മുതലുള്ള [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ്]] പതിപ്പുകളിലും, 3.1 മുതലുള്ള [[ഐഓഎസ്]] പതിപ്പുകളിലും ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നതാണ്. സൗജന്യമായി അഞ്ച് ജി.ബി.യാണ് ലഭ്യമാകുന്നത്. മാസം 2.99 ഡോളറോ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ വർഷം 29.99 ഡോളറോ നൽകിയാൽ ഇരുപത് ജി.ബി. അധികമായി ലഭ്യമാകുന്നു. ഇതിന് ട്വെന്റി-പാക്ക്സ് എന്നാണ് പറയപ്പെടുന്നത്. സംഗീതം ആസ്വദിക്കാനുള്ള ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ മ്യൂസിക് സ്ട്രീമിംഗ് [[ഐഓഎസ്]], [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ്]] എന്നിവയിൽ മാത്രമേ ലഭ്യമായിട്ടൊള്ളൂ. മ്യൂസിക്ക് സ്ട്രീമിങിന് മാസം 3.99 ഡോളറോ വർഷം 39.99 ഡോളറോ നൽകിയാൽ മതി. [[സ്പൈഡർഓക്ക്]], [[ഡ്രോപ്പ്ബോക്സ്]], [[ബോക്സ്.നെറ്റ്]], [[മോസി]], [[വ്വാല]], [[ആമസോൺ ക്ലൗഡ് പ്ലയർ]], [[ഗൂഗ്ൾ മ്യൂസിക്]], [[ഹംയോ]], [[ഐഡിസ്ക്]], [[ജംഗിൾഡിസ്ക്]], [[ലൈവ് മെഷ്]] എന്നിവയുടെയെല്ലാം പ്രവർത്തനത്തിനു സമാനമാണ് ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിന്റെ പ്രവർത്തനം. ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിന്റെ ക്ലൈന്റ് എഴുതിയിരിക്കുന്നത് [[പൈത്തൺ|പൈത്തണിലാണ്]]. താഴ്ന്ന നിലയിലുള്ള നെറ്റ് വർക്കിംഗിന് [[ട്വിസ്റ്റഡ്]] എന്ന സോഫ്റ്റ് വെയറും പ്രോട്ടോകോൾ വിവരണത്തിന് [[പ്രോട്ടോകോൾ ബഫേഴ്സ്|പ്രോട്ടോകോൾ ബഫേഴ്സും]] ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. വിവരങ്ങൾ കൈമാറ്റം ചെയ്യുന്നതിന് (സിംഗ്രണൈസേഷൻ) യുവൺസ്റ്റോറേജ് എന്ന പുതിയൊരു പ്രോട്ടോകോളാണ് ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഇത് [[ആമസോൺ എസ്3|ആമസോൺ എസ്3യിലാണ്]] സൂക്ഷിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubuntu One Technical Details|url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/TechnicalDetails|publisher=Ubuntu.com|accessdate=17 February 2012|archive-date=2019-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320194530/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/TechnicalDetails|url-status=dead}}</ref> മറ്റു സേവനങ്ങളുമായി സമന്വയിച്ച് ചേരാനുള്ള കഴിവാണ് ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിനെ മറ്റുള്ളവയിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്തമാക്കുന്നത്. ഉദാഹരണമായി [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ്]] ഫോണുകളിൽ എടുക്കുന്ന ഫോട്ടോകൾ തനിയെ അപ് ലോഡ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള സൗകര്യം ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിൽ ഉണ്ട്. [[മോസില്ല തണ്ടർബേഡ്|മോസില്ല തണ്ടർബേഡുമായി]] കൂടിച്ചേർന്ന് കോൺടാക്ടകളും [[ടോംബോയ് നോട്സ്|ടോംബോയ് നോട്സിലെ]] നോട്ടുകളും സിംഗ്രണൈസ് ചെയ്യാൻ ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിനാകും. [[കൗച്ച് ഡിബി|കൗച്ച് ഡിബിയാണ്]] ഇതെല്ലാം സാധ്യമാക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linux-magazine.com/Online/News/Relaxed-Ubuntu-9.10-CouchDB-to-be-Integrated |title=Relaxed Ubuntu 9.10: CouchDB to be Integrated - Linux Magazine Online |publisher=Linux-magazine.com |date=2009-10-15 |accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref> ഈ കോൺടാക്ടുകളും നോട്ടുകളും ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ ഓൺലൈൻ സമ്പർക്കമുഖം വഴി തിരുത്താവുന്നതും മൊബൈൽ ഉപകരണങ്ങളിലേക്ക് മാറ്റാവുന്നതുമാണ്. പകർപ്പവകാശമില്ലാത്ത സംഗീതം വാങ്ങാൻ [[7ഡിജിറ്റൽ|7ഡിജിറ്റലുമായിച്ചേർന്ന്]] ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ സൗകര്യമൊരുക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ==സ്വീകാര്യത== [[ഐടൂൺസ് ആപ് സ്റ്റോർ|ഐടൂൺസ് ആപ് സ്റ്റോറിൽ]] ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ ആപ്ലികേഷൻ 4.5/5.0 നക്ഷത്രമുള്ളൊരു ആപ്ലികേഷനാണ്.<ref>{{cite web|title=App Store - Ubuntu One Files|url=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ubuntu-one-files/id489935140|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref> [[ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ് മാർക്കറ്റ്|ആൻഡ്രോയിഡ് മാർക്കറ്റിലും]] ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ ക്ലൈന്റ് അഞ്ചിൽ നാലര നക്ഷത്രം ഉള്ള ആപ്ലികേഷനാണ്.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubuntu One Files - Apps on Android Market|url=https://market.android.com/details?id=com.ubuntuone.android.files&hl=en|accessdate=18 February 2012}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ക്രോം വെബ് സ്റ്റോർ|ക്രോം വെബ് സ്റ്റോറിലും]] ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ വെബ് ആപ്ലികേഷൻ അഞ്ചിൽ നാലര നക്ഷത്രം നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/jkhkkpgamolkplndclhlalpcaooibkme|title=Chrome Web Store - Ubuntu One|accessdate=18 February 2012|archive-date=2012-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119003230/https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/jkhkkpgamolkplndclhlalpcaooibkme|url-status=dead}}</ref> എന്നാൽ [[ഉബുണ്ടു സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ സെന്റർ|ഉബുണ്ടു സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വെയർ സെന്ററിൽ]] ഉബുണ്ടു വണ്ണിന് മൂന്ന് നക്ഷത്രം മാത്രമേയുള്ളൂ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Application Ubuntu One|url=https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/ubuntuone-installer/|accessdate=23-06-2012}}</ref> ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ സെർവ്വർ ഭാഗം സ്വകാര്യ സോഫ്റ്റ് വെയറാക്കിയതിനെ ഉബുണ്ടു സമൂഹം വിമർശിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>[https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-servers/+bug/375272 Bug #375272 in Ubuntu One Servers: «Server software is closed source» — Launchpad]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/2010/01/14/ubuntu-debian.html |title=Back Home, with Debian! |quote=UbuntuOne's server side system is proprietary software with no prospects of liberation. |author=Bradley M. Kuhn|date=2010-01-14 |accessdate=2010-10-22}}</ref>. [[കുബുണ്ടു|കുബുണ്ടുവി]]ന് ഇതുവരെ ഒരു ഡെസ്ക്ടോപ്പ് ക്ലൈന്റ് ലഭ്യമല്ല.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-client/+bug/375145 |title=Launchpad bug #375145 - Ubuntu One should have a KDE client | accessdate=2012-01-08}}</ref> എന്നാൽ കുബുണ്ടു ക്ലൈന്റിന്റെ വികസനം ആരംഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇതിന് [[ഗൂഗ്ൾ സമ്മർ ഓഫ് കോഡ്|ഗൂഗ്ൾ സമ്മർ ഓഫ് കോഡിൽ]] നിന്നൊരു തുക ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുമുണ്ട്. [[മാഗ്നട്യൂൺ|മാഗ്നട്യൂണിന്]] നൽകുന്നതുപോലെ ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ മ്യൂസിക് സ്റ്റോറിന് പിന്തുണ നൽകില്ലെന്ന് [[അമാറോക്ക്]] വികസന സംഘം പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kretschmann|first=Mark|title=Ubuntu One Music Store integration • KDE Community Forums|url=http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=116&t=87245|accessdate=16 April 2010|archive-date=2011-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522020539/http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=116&t=87245|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[മാഗ്നട്യൂൺ|മാഗ്നട്യൂണിന്]] അവരുടെ വരുമാനത്തിന്റെ പത്തു ശതമാനം [[അമാറോക്ക്]] വഴിയാണ് ലഭിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.magnatune.com/2008/04/giving-money-to.html|title=buckman's magnatune blog: Giving money to open source|accessdate=2011-12-3|archive-date=2011-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824103430/http://blog.magnatune.com/2008/04/giving-money-to.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [https://one.ubuntu.com/ ഔദ്യോഗിക താൾ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131824/https://one.ubuntu.com/ |date=2014-03-28 }} * [http://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne ഉബുണ്ടു വിക്കിയിൽ ഉബുണ്ടു വൺ വിക്കി] * [http://www.twit.tv/floss99 99ആം ഫ്ലോസ്സ് പോഡികാസ്റ്റ് സ്റ്റുവാർട്ട് ലാംഗ്രിഡ്ജിനൊപ്പം] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉബുണ്ടു]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ക്ലൗഡ് സേവനം]] ppt1pgiy06xqdc7qsuy0ei0cjkarrka 0 206049 4644311 3515014 2026-07-08T05:21:04Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kirigami}} [[Image:Kirigami with business cards.jpg|thumb|Business card hetkirigami]] കടലാസ് മുറിച്ച് രുപങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന കലയാണു '''കിറിഗാമി'''. മുറിക്കുക എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ജാപ്പനീസ് പദമായ "കാറു", കടലാസ്സ്‌ എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ജാപ്പനീസ് പദമായ "കാമി" ഇവ ചേർന്നാണ് കിറിഗാമി എന്ന വാക്കുണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നത്. [[ഒറിഗാമി|ഒറിഗാമിയിൽ]] കടലാസ് മുറിക്കുകയോ പശ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ഇല്ല. എന്നാൽ കിറിഗാമിയിൽ കടലാസ്സിനെ വിവിധ രീതിയിൽ മടക്കിയിട്ട്‌ പ്രത്യേക രീതികളിൽ മുറിക്കുകയും മടക്ക് നിവർത്തുകയും ആണ് ചെയ്യുന്നത്. {{commonscat|Kirigami}} ==പുറംകണ്ണികൾ== *The site of Kirigami [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313072103/http://paper-life.ru/en/kirigami-scheme in Russian] and [http://origami-art.us/kirigami-diagrams in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204022002/http://origami-art.us/kirigami-diagrams |date=2017-12-04 }} *[https://archive.today/20121208155120/http://www.paperlandmarks.com/durban-stadium.htm Kirigami model of Durban stadium] *[https://www.behance.net/giovannirussografico Kirigami of Italian monuments] *[http://www.bianchepieghe.it/ gallery from Italy] {{Decorative arts}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കടലാസുകൊണ്ടുള്ള കലാരൂപങ്ങൾ]] khn93xtd2qlfl09s6g39qhxj7ooc21z 0 221652 4644289 4558236 2026-07-08T02:52:50Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|Sujatha (actress)}} {{Infobox person | name = സുജാത | image = Sujatha (actress).jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1952|12|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = ശ്രീ ലങ്ക | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|4|6|1952|12|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Chennai|ചെന്നൈ]], [[Tamil Nadu|തമിഴ് നാട്]], ഇന്ത്യ | occupation = നടി | years_active = 1968–2006 | spouse = ജയകർ ​(m. 1977) | partner = ശങ്കരൻകുട്ടി മേനോൻ, സരസ്വതിയമ്മ | children = 2 }} തമിഴ്, മലയാളം, തെലുങ്ക് എന്നീ സിനിമകളിലും കന്നഡ, ഹിന്ദി ഭാഷകളിലും അഭിനയിച്ച ഒരു സിനിമ നടിയാണ് '''സുജാത''' (10 ഡിസംബർ 1952 - 6 ഏപ്രിൽ 2011). <ref name="mathrubhumi"/> മാതൃഭാഷയായ മലയാളത്തിൽ നിരവധി ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ച ശേഷം, സുജാതയെ മുതിർന്ന സംവിധായകൻ കെ. ബാലചന്ദർ തമിഴ് ചലച്ചിത്രമേഖലയിലേക്ക് പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തുകയും ആദ്യ തമിഴ് ചിത്രമായ അവൾ ഒരു തൊടർ കഥൈ (1974) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ നായികയായി അഭിനയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="hindu2">{{cite news|title=Actor Sujatha dead|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/actor-sujatha-dead/article1605990.ece|work=The Hindu|first=Meera|last=Srinivasan|date=6 April 2011|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> ==ജീവിതരേഖ== 1952 ഡിസംബർ 10 ന് ശ്രീലങ്കയിലെ ഗാലെയിൽ[[എറണാകുളം ജില്ല|എറണാകുളം ജില്ലയിലെ]] [[തൃപ്പൂണിത്തറ|തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറയിൽനിന്നുള്ള]] ശങ്കരൻകുട്ടി മേനോന്റെയും സരസ്വതിയമ്മയുടെയും മകളായാണ് സുജാത ജനിച്ചത്. ബാല്യത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ശ്രീലങ്കയിൽ ആയിരുന്നു. സ്കൂൾ നാടകങ്ങളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ചിരുന്ന അവർ പിന്നീട് ഏകദേശം 15 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലേക്ക് താമസം മാറി. ജയ്കർ ആണ് ഭർത്താവ്. സുജിത്, ദിവ്യ എന്നീ മക്കൾ ഉണ്ട്. ==ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗം== [[ശ്രീലങ്ക|ശ്രീലങ്കയിൽ]] സ്കൂൾ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ കാലത്ത് സിംഹള സിനിമകളിൽ അഭിനയിച്ച് കൊണ്ട് സിനിമ രംഗത്ത് എത്തി. പിന്നീട് തമിഴിൽ സജീവമായി. [[ശിവാജി ഗണേശൻ]], [[രജനീകാന്ത്]] തുടങ്ങിയവർക്കൊപ്പം നിരവധി ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ നായികയായും നായികാപ്രാധാന്യമുള്ള വേഷത്തിലും സുജാത അഭിനയിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. കെ. ബാലചന്ദർ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ''[[അവൾ ഒരു തുടർക്കതൈ]]'', ''[[അന്നക്കിളി (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|അന്നക്കിളി]]'' എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങളാണ് സുജാതയെ തമിഴിൽ പ്രശസ്തയാക്കിയത്<ref name="mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/flash_back/188413/ |title=സുജാത Flash Back |access-date=2012-12-21 |archive-date=2013-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062518/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/flash_back/188413/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[പി.എൻ. മേനോൻ]] സംവിധാനം ചെയ്ത ''[[ഓളവും തീരവും]]'' എന്ന സിനിമയിലൂടെ മലയാള സിനിമയിലെത്തി. ''[[ലേഡീസ് ഹോസ്റ്റൽ]]'', ''[[ഭ്രഷ്ട്]]'', ''[[അച്ചാണി]]'', ''[[മയൂഖം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|മയൂഖം]]'', ''[[ചന്ദ്രോത്സവം (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ചന്ദ്രോത്സവം]]'' തുടങ്ങിയവയാണ് മലയാളത്തിലെ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കപ്പെട്ട സിനിമകൾ. സ്ത്രീയുടെ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിനും അന്തസ്സിനും ശബ്ദമുയർത്തുന്ന നിരവധി കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ സുജാത അവതരിപ്പിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്<ref name="താത്രിമുഖം">{{cite web|title=കുറിയേടത്ത് താത്രിയുടെ മുഖം|url=http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/418|publisher=മാധ്യമം|accessdate=2013 മെയ് 20|author=എസ്. സുന്ദർദാസ്|language=മലയാളം}}</ref>. ജോലിചെയ്യുന്ന സ്ത്രീയുടെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ പറയുന്ന തമിഴ് ചിത്രമായ ''അവൾ ഒരു തുടർക്കതൈ'' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ ''കവിത'' എന്ന വേഷം, ''[[ഭ്രഷ്ട് (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|ഭ്രഷ്ട്]]'' എന്ന മലയാളം ചിത്രത്തിൽ ചെയ്ത [[കുറിയേടത്ത് താത്രി|കുറിയേടത്ത് താത്രിയുടെ]] വേഷം എന്നിവയൊക്കെ ഈ ഗണത്തിൽ പെടുത്തപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name="താത്രിമുഖം" />. 2006-ൽ ശ്രീരാമദാസു എന്ന തെലുങ്ക് ചിത്രത്തിലാണ് അവർ അവസാനമായി സ്‌ക്രീനിൽ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ടത്. അവളുടെ ഹിന്ദി ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ ദോ കാളിയാൻ, ഏക് ഹി ഭൂൽ എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. == മരണം == ഹൃദയസംബന്ധമായ അസുഖത്തിന് ചികിത്സയിലിരിക്കെ, 2011 ഏപ്രിൽ 6 ന് ചെന്നൈയിൽ വച്ച് ഹൃദയാഘാതം മൂലം സുജാത മരിച്ചു.<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/actress-sujatha-passes-away-619255 സുജാത അന്തരിച്ചു ]</ref><ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=Actor Sujatha dead|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/actor-sujatha-dead/article1605990.ece|work=The Hindu|first=Meera|last=Srinivasan|date=6 April 2011|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:1952-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2011-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജനിച്ച ദിവസം ഇല്ലാത്ത ജീവചരിത്രലേഖനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഏപ്രിൽ 6-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രനടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തമിഴ്ചലച്ചിത്രനടിമാർ]] {{Bio-stub}} 5kcl5q4ppxxmq93qlf9ppmujodl3yv3 0 221899 4644275 3652148 2026-07-07T22:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Oroville Dam}} {{Infobox dam | name = Oroville Dam | official_name = | image = OrovilleDam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = | location_map_width = | location_map_text = | lat_d = 39 | lat_m = 32 | lat_s = 20 | lat_NS = N | long_d = 121 | long_m = 29 | long_s = 08 | long_EW = W | coordinates_type = type:landmark | coordinates_display= inline,title | coordinates_ref = <ref>{{cite gnis|id=230109|name=Oroville Dam|entrydate=1981-01-19|accessdate=2012-03-31}}</ref> | country = [[United States]] | location = [[Oroville, California|Oroville]], [[California]] | status = | construction_began = 1961 | open = 1968 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | type = Rockfill embankment | height = {{convert|770|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="NPDP">{{cite web|url=http://npdp.stanford.edu/DamDirectory/DamDetail.jsp?npdp_id=CA00035|title=Oroville Dam|publisher=Stanford University|work=National Performance of Dams Program|date=|accessdate=2012-03-31|archive-date=2020-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329045507/http://npdp.stanford.edu/DamDirectory/DamDetail.jsp?npdp_id=CA00035|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height_thalweg = | height_foundation = | length = {{convert|6920|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="NPDP"/> | crest_width = | base_width = | curve_radius = | volume = {{convert|77619000|yd3|m3|abbr=on}} | crest_elevation = | crosses = [[Feather River]] | spillways = | spillway_type = Service, 8x gate-controlled | spillway_capacity = {{convert|250000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | reservoir = [[Lake Oroville]] | reservoir_capacity = {{convert|3537577|acre feet|km3|abbr=on}}<ref name="CDEC">{{cite web|url=http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/profile?s=ORO&type=dam|title=Oroville Dam (ORO)|publisher=California Department of Water Resources|work=California Data Exchange Center|date=|accessdate=2012-03-31|archive-date=2008-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027062937/http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/profile?s=ORO&type=dam|url-status=dead}}</ref> | active_capacity = | inactive_capacity = | reservoir_catchment= {{convert|3607|mi2|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="CDEC"/> | reservoir_surface = {{convert|15805|acre|ha|abbr=on}}<ref name="CDEC"/> | reservoir_elevation={{convert|935|ft|m|abbr=on}} (max)<ref>{{cite gnis|id=264404|name=Lake Oroville|entrydate=1981-01-19|accessdate=2012-03-31}}</ref> | reservoir_max_depth= | reservoir_length = | reservoir_max_width= | hydraulic_head = {{convert|615|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="power"/> | tidal_range = | plant_owner = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_licence_exp = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | turbines = 3x conventional<br>3x [[Pumped-storage hydroelectricity|pump-generators]] | installed_capacity = 819 [[Megawatt|MW]]<ref name="power">{{cite web|url=http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/hyatt.cfm|title=Edward Hyatt Powerplant|publisher=California Department of Water Resources|work=California State Water Project|author=|date=2009-06-17|accessdate=2012-04-02|archive-date=2012-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407054356/http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/hyatt.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | max_planned_cap = | capacity_factor = | average_annual_gen = 2,200 [[Kilowatt hour#Watt hour multiples and billing units|GWh]] | net_generation = | website = | as_of = | extra = }} [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കയിലെ]] ഏറ്റവും ഉയരമുള്ള അണക്കെട്ടാണ് '''ഒറിവെല്ലോ അണക്കെട്ട്'''. 230 മീറ്റർ ഉയരവും 2109 മീറ്റർ നീളവും [[കാലിഫോർണിയ|കാലിഫോർണിയക്കടുത്ത്]] [[ഒറോവില്ലെ|ഒറിവെല്ലോ]] നഗരത്തിലാണ് ഈ അണക്കെട്ട്. മധ്യ കാലിഫോർണിയയ്ക്ക് കുടിവെള്ളം നൽകാനും കൃഷിക്ക് ജലമെത്തിക്കാനും ഒറിവെല്ലെ അണക്കെട്ട് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. 1961ലാണ് അണക്കെട്ടിന്റെ പണിയവസാനിച്ചത്. ==അവലംബം== <references/> {{Dam-stub}} plraxvrmxc5u1slavvk2n79y6iuttb4 0 224814 4644341 3924093 2026-07-08T08:45:24Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|Kerala State Backward Classes Development Corporation}} കേരളത്തിലെ മറ്റ് പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗത്തിലും മത ന്യൂനപക്ഷ വിഭാഗത്തിലും ഉൾപ്പെട്ടവരെ ദാരിദ്ര്യത്തിൽ നിന്നും പിന്നോക്കാവസ്ഥയിൽ നിന്നും മോചിപ്പിക്കുക എന്ന ദൗത്യത്തോടെ കേരള സർക്കാരിന്റെ ഉടമസ്ഥതയിൽ 28-02-1995 ൹ സ്ഥാപിതമായതാണ് '''കേരള സംസ്ഥാന പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗ വികസന കോർപ്പറേഷൻ ക്ലിപ്തം''' (കെ.എസ്.ബി.സി.ഡി.സി). പ്രസ്തുത വിഭാഗങ്ങളുടെ സാമ്പത്തികവും സാമൂഹികവുമായ ഉന്നമനത്തിനു വേണ്ടി വിവിധ വായ്പാ പദ്ധതികൾ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ നടപ്പിലാക്കിവരുന്നു. കേരളത്തിലെ എല്ലാ ജില്ലകളിലും കോർപ്പറേഷന് ഓഫീസുകളുണ്ട്. അതിനു പുറമേ വർക്കല, ഹരിപ്പാട്, ചേലക്കര, പട്ടാമ്പി, വണ്ടൂർ, തിരൂർ എന്നിവടങ്ങളിൽ ഉപജില്ലാ ഓഫീസുകളും പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നുണ്ട് .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/news/a2013.php?tnd=15&tnn=186303&Line=Directorate%2C%20Thiruvananthapuram&count=0&dat=04%2F10%2F2013 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2021-08-12 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104221/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/news/a2013.php?tnd=15&tnn=186303&Line=Directorate%2C%20Thiruvananthapuram&count=0&dat=04%2F10%2F2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==പദ്ധതികൾ == 1. <big> '''മറ്റു പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള പദ്ധതികൾ'''</big> * സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ പദ്ധതി * ന്യൂ സ്വർണ്ണിമ (വനിതകൾക്കായുള്ള പ്രത്യേക സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി) * വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി * സാക്ഷം (പ്രെഫഷണൽ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടിയവർക്കുള്ള സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ പദ്ധതി) * ശില്പ് സമ്പദ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി (കരകൗശല മേഖലയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നവർക്ക്) * ലഘു വായ്പ പദ്ധതി (സന്നദ്ധ സംഘടനകൾ / സി.ഡി.എസ് വഴി നൽകുന്ന വായ്പ) * മഹിളാ സമൃദ്ധി യോജന (വനിതകൾക്കുള്ള ലഘുവായ്പ) 2. <big> '''മതന്യൂനപക്ഷങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള പദ്ധതികൾ'''</big> * സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ പദ്ധതി * ലഘു വായ്പ പദ്ധതി (സന്നദ്ധ സംഘടനകൾ / സി.ഡി.എസ് വഴി നൽകുന്ന വായ്പ) * വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി 3. <big> '''കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ തനത് ഫണ്ട് ഉപയോഗിച്ച് മറ്റ് പിന്നോക്ക/ന്യൂനപക്ഷ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾക്കായി നടപ്പിലാക്കുന്ന പദ്ധതികൾ'''</big> * പെൺകുട്ടികളുടെ വിവാഹ സഹായ വായ്പാ പദ്ധതി * വിദേശത്ത് ജോലി തേടി പോകുന്നവർക്കുള്ള വായ്പ പദ്ധതി * സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി * സുവർണ്ണശ്രീ വായ്പ (ബഹുവിധ ആവശ്യങ്ങൾക്ക്) * പ്രവർത്തന മൂലധന വായ്പ പദ്ധതി * വിദ്യാശ്രീ വായ്പാ പദ്ധതി * കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ വാങ്ങുന്നതിനുള്ള വായ്പാ പദ്ധതി * ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർക്കുള്ള വാഹന വായ്പാ പദ്ധതി * ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർക്കുള്ള ഗൃഹോപകരണ വായ്പ വായ്പ പദ്ധതി * ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർക്കുള്ള ഗൃഹപുനരുദ്ധാരണ വായ്പാ പദ്ധതി (സ്വസ്ഥഗൃഹ) * ബിസിനസ് വിപുലീകരിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള വായ്പ <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ksbcdc.com/m_home.html |title=കേരള സംസ്ഥാന പിന്നോക്ക വികസന കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ് സൈറ്റ് |access-date=2013-01-02 |archive-date=2012-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531121423/http://www.ksbcdc.com/m_home.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==മറ്റ് പദ്ധതികൾ/പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ== വിവിധ വായ്പാ പദ്ധതികൾക്ക് പുറമേ സ്വയം തൊഴിൽ സംരംഭങ്ങൾ ആരംഭിക്കാൻ ഉദ്ദേശിക്കുന്ന പിന്നോക്ക/മതന്യൂനപക്ഷ വിഭാഗത്തിൽപെട്ടവർക്കുവേണ്ടി വിവിധ മേഖലകളിൽ സൗജന്യ ഹ്രസ്വകാല തൊഴിലധിഷ്ടിത പരിശീലനം, സ്വയം സഹായ സംഘങ്ങളിലെ അംഗങ്ങളുടെ കാര്യശേഷി വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിന് ഏകദിന പരിശീലന പരിപാടികൾ, ഗുണഭോക്താക്കൾ നിർമ്മിക്കുന്ന ഉല്പന്നങ്ങളുടെ വിപണനത്തിനും പ്രചാരത്തിനും വേണ്ടി പ്രദർശന വിപണന മേളകൾ, വായ്പ തിരിച്ചടവിന്റെ പ്രാധാന്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ബോധവൽക്കരണ ക്യാമ്പുകൾ, ഉന്നത വിജയം നേടിയ പ്ലസ് ടു വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്കുള്ള സ്‌കോളർഷിപ്പ് പദ്ധതി <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/ScholarshipApplicationForm.pdf |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2015-02-08 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701200629/http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/ScholarshipApplicationForm.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>, മറ്റു പിന്നാക്ക/ന്യൂനപക്ഷ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള സൗജന്യ ഡ്രൈവിംഗ് പരിശീലനം <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/DrivingTrainingOBC.pdf |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2015-02-08 |archive-date=2015-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220135846/http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/DrivingTrainingOBC.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/DrivingTraining.pdf |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2015-02-08 |archive-date=2015-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220215616/http://ksbcdc.com/pdf/DrivingTraining.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> എന്നിവ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ സംഘടിപ്പിച്ചുവരുന്നു. ==ഗുണങ്ങൾ== കേരളത്തിലെ പിന്നോക്ക/മതന്യൂനപക്ഷ വിഭാഗത്തിൽപെട്ടവർക്ക് കുറഞ്ഞ പലിശ നിരക്കിൽ വിവിധ വായ്പകൾ നൽകിക്കൊണ്ട് അവരെ കൊള്ള പലിശക്കാരുടെ കൈകളിൽ നിന്ന് മോചിപ്പിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നു എന്നത് കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ നേട്ടമാണ്. കോർപ്പറേഷൻ നല്കിവരുന്ന വിദ്യഭ്യാസ വായ്പ ഇതിനൊരു ഉത്തമ മാതൃകയാണ്. ==സാമ്പത്തിക ഉറവിടം== കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ വിവിധ പദ്ധതികൾ നടപ്പിലാക്കാനുള്ള സാമ്പത്തിക ഉറവിടം മുഖ്യമായും [[ദേശീയ പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗ ധനകാര്യ വികസന കോർപ്പറേഷൻ]], <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbcfdc.org.in/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-01-05 |archive-date=2012-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220065704/http://www.nbcfdc.org.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[ദേശീയ ന്യൂനപക്ഷ വികസന ധനകാര്യ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nmdfc.org/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-01-05 |archive-date=2013-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402170542/http://nmdfc.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> എന്നീ കേന്ദ്ര എജൻസികളിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് ലഭിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതിനു പുറമേ കേരള സർക്കാരിൽ നിന്നുള്ള മൂലധന സഹായവും ലഭിച്ചുവരുന്നു. ==വിലാസം== '''രജിസ്റ്റേർഡ് ഓഫീസ്''' : മൂന്നാം നില, റ്റി.സി. നമ്പർ:27/588 (7) ആൻഡ്‌ (8) പാറ്റൂർ , വഞ്ചിയൂർ പി.ഓ. തിരുവനന്തപുരം - 695 035 ഫോൺ : 0471 2577540, 2577539<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ksbcdc.com/m_training.html |title=മറ്റു പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ |access-date=2013-01-02 |archive-date=2012-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531191043/http://www.ksbcdc.com/m_training.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <br> [http://www.ksbcdc.com/m_contactdistoff.html ജില്ലാ ഓഫീസുകളുടെ മേൽവിലാസങ്ങളും ഫോൺ നമ്പരുകളും ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607165549/http://ksbcdc.com/m_contactdistoff.html |date=2014-06-07 }} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * [http://ksbcdc.com/m_home.html കേരള സംസ്ഥാന പിന്നോക്ക വികസന കോർപ്പറേഷന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വെബ് സൈറ്റ്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531121423/http://www.ksbcdc.com/m_home.html |date=2012-05-31 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരള സർക്കാറിന്റെ പദ്ധതികൾ]] 9iqyyj2v2sknxuyy3cq35ljlzwk7eqf 0 234301 4644345 3132734 2026-07-08T08:54:32Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lauraceae}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]]-[[Recent]] ([[Cenomanian]]-[[Holocene]]), {{Fossil range|100|0}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atfy |first1=Haytham |title=Vegetation and climate change at the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys during the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous): Evidence from Egypt |journal=PLOS |date=2023 |volume=18 |issue=18 |article-number=e0281008 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0281008 |pmid=36716334 |pmc=9886267 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1881008E |doi-access=free }}</ref> Possible [[Albian]] record<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peppe |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Hickey |first2=Leo J. |last3=Miller |first3=Ian M. |last4=Green |first4=Walton A. |date=October 2008 |title=A Morphotype Catalogue, Floristic Analysis and Stratigraphic Description of the Aspen Shale Flora(Cretaceous–Albian) of Southwestern Wyoming |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=181–208 |doi=10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |bibcode=2008BPMNH..49..181P |issn=0079-032X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | image = Lauraceae sp Blanco2.360.png | image_caption = ''Litsea glutinosa''<br />illustration from ''Flora de Filipinas'', 1880–1883, by [[Francisco Manuel Blanco]] | taxon = Lauraceae | authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Many; see {{section link||Genera}}'' }} [[File:For Id climber Im IMG 1440.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Cassytha filiformis]]'']] [[File:Cinnamomum tamala W IMG 2433.jpg|thumb|190px|Leaves of ''[[Cinnamomum tamala]]'' - (malabathrum or ''tejpat'')]][[File:Lindera triloba(Leaves).jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Lindera|Lindera triloba]]'' leaves]] [[കറുവ]] അടങ്ങിയ [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബമായ]] ലോറേസീ കുടുംബത്തിലെ സസ്യങ്ങൾ മിക്കവയ്ക്കും നല്ല സുഗന്ധമുണ്ട്. 50 [[Genus|ജനുസുകളിലായി]] ഏതാണ്ട് 3000 [[Species|സ്പീഷീസ്]] സസ്യങ്ങൾ ഇതിലുണ്ട്. മിക്കവയും [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി]]കളോ മരങ്ങളോ ആണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{WS|Lauraceae}} {{CC|Lauraceae}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോറേസീ]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} te4moz4z9uxr22kqzlts281z374d0kz 4644346 4644345 2026-07-08T08:55:10Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lauraceae}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]]-[[Recent]] ([[Cenomanian]]-[[Holocene]]), {{Fossil range|100|0}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atfy |first1=Haytham |title=Vegetation and climate change at the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys during the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous): Evidence from Egypt |journal=PLOS |date=2023 |volume=18 |issue=18 |article-number=e0281008 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0281008 |pmid=36716334 |pmc=9886267 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1881008E |doi-access=free }}</ref> Possible [[Albian]] record<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peppe |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Hickey |first2=Leo J. |last3=Miller |first3=Ian M. |last4=Green |first4=Walton A. |date=October 2008 |title=A Morphotype Catalogue, Floristic Analysis and Stratigraphic Description of the Aspen Shale Flora(Cretaceous–Albian) of Southwestern Wyoming |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=181–208 |doi=10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |bibcode=2008BPMNH..49..181P |issn=0079-032X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | image = Lauraceae sp Blanco2.360.png | image_caption = ''Litsea glutinosa''<br />illustration from ''Flora de Filipinas'', 1880–1883, by [[Francisco Manuel Blanco]] | taxon = Lauraceae | authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Many; see {{section link||Genera}}'' }} [[File:For Id climber Im IMG 1440.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Cassytha filiformis]]'']] [[File:Cinnamomum tamala W IMG 2433.jpg|thumb|190px|Leaves of ''[[Cinnamomum tamala]]'' - (malabathrum or ''tejpat'')]][[File:Lindera triloba(Leaves).jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Lindera|Lindera triloba]]'' leaves]] [[കറുവ]] അടങ്ങിയ [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബമായ]] ലോറേസീ കുടുംബത്തിലെ സസ്യങ്ങൾ മിക്കവയ്ക്കും നല്ല സുഗന്ധമുണ്ട്. 50 [[Genus|ജനുസുകളിലായി]] ഏതാണ്ട് 3000 [[Species|സ്പീഷീസ്]] സസ്യങ്ങൾ ഇതിലുണ്ട്. മിക്കവയും [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി]]കളോ മരങ്ങളോ ആണ്. <ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |last2=Byng |first2=James W. |title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase |journal=Phytotaxa |date=20 May 2016 |volume=261 |issue=3 |pages=201–217 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 |bibcode=2016Phytx.261..201C |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{WS|Lauraceae}} {{CC|Lauraceae}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോറേസീ]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} 768vdz4u58cl9tnlfk1fblwidngmcdp 4644348 4644346 2026-07-08T08:56:20Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ */ 4644348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lauraceae}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]]-[[Recent]] ([[Cenomanian]]-[[Holocene]]), {{Fossil range|100|0}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atfy |first1=Haytham |title=Vegetation and climate change at the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys during the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous): Evidence from Egypt |journal=PLOS |date=2023 |volume=18 |issue=18 |article-number=e0281008 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0281008 |pmid=36716334 |pmc=9886267 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1881008E |doi-access=free }}</ref> Possible [[Albian]] record<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peppe |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Hickey |first2=Leo J. |last3=Miller |first3=Ian M. |last4=Green |first4=Walton A. |date=October 2008 |title=A Morphotype Catalogue, Floristic Analysis and Stratigraphic Description of the Aspen Shale Flora(Cretaceous–Albian) of Southwestern Wyoming |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=181–208 |doi=10.3374/0079-032X-49.2.181 |bibcode=2008BPMNH..49..181P |issn=0079-032X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | image = Lauraceae sp Blanco2.360.png | image_caption = ''Litsea glutinosa''<br />illustration from ''Flora de Filipinas'', 1880–1883, by [[Francisco Manuel Blanco]] | taxon = Lauraceae | authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Many; see {{section link||Genera}}'' }} [[File:For Id climber Im IMG 1440.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Cassytha filiformis]]'']] [[File:Cinnamomum tamala W IMG 2433.jpg|thumb|190px|Leaves of ''[[Cinnamomum tamala]]'' - (malabathrum or ''tejpat'')]][[File:Lindera triloba(Leaves).jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Lindera|Lindera triloba]]'' leaves]] [[കറുവ]] അടങ്ങിയ [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബമായ]] ലോറേസീ കുടുംബത്തിലെ സസ്യങ്ങൾ മിക്കവയ്ക്കും നല്ല സുഗന്ധമുണ്ട്. 50 [[Genus|ജനുസുകളിലായി]] ഏതാണ്ട് 3000 [[Species|സ്പീഷീസ്]] സസ്യങ്ങൾ ഇതിലുണ്ട്. മിക്കവയും [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി]]കളോ മരങ്ങളോ ആണ്. <ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |last2=Byng |first2=James W. |title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase |journal=Phytotaxa |date=20 May 2016 |volume=261 |issue=3 |pages=201–217 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 |bibcode=2016Phytx.261..201C |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == ==കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്== * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/lauracea.htm Lauraceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.] * {{cite journal |last1=Kostermans |first1=A. J. G. H. |title=Lauraceae |journal=Reinwardtia |date=29 September 1957 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=193–256 |doi=10.14203/reinwardtia.v4i2.1003 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |url=https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/view/1003 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |title=A mid-Cretaceous Lauraceae flower, Cascolaurus burmitis gen. et sp. nov., in Myanmar amber |journal=Cretaceous Research |date=March 2017 |volume=71 |pages=96–101 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2016.11.015 |bibcode=2017CrRes..71...96P }} * {{cite journal |last1=Meisner |first1=C. F. |title=Lauraceae |journal=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis |date=1864 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=1–260 |id={{NAID|10007643152}} |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7165 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Mez | first1 = Carl Christian | year = 1889 | title = Lauraceae Americanae Monographice Descripsit | journal = Jahrbuch des Königlichen Botanischen Gartens und des Botanischen Museums zu Berlin | volume = 5 | pages = 1–556 }} * [[Nees|Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel]] (1836): Systema Laurinarum, Berlin, Veitii et Sociorum. Until the page 352, available, free, on pdf files in [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ Gallica] * Rohwer, Jens G. in Kubitzki, K.(Editor) 1993. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol.2: K. Kubitzki, J. G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, 366–390. {{ISBN|3-540-55509-9}} * Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1990. ''Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaiʻi''. Spec. Publ. 83. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. Bishop Museum. 1854 pp. *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Wikispecies-inline}} {{Angiosperm families}} {{WS|Lauraceae}} {{CC|Lauraceae}} {{Plant-stub}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q26538}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോറേസീ]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} gw420czuosglbu2u757faey1tzfn2od 0 235482 4644246 4644071 2026-07-07T17:15:11Z ~2026-37246-93 219784 /* */ 4644246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|Umayamma Rani}} {{featured}} {{Infobox royalty | name = അശ്വതി തിരുനാൾ ഉമയമ്മ റാണി | title = Attingal Mootha Thampuran<ref name=":3" /><br> | title_text = | more = | image = Umayamma Rani ("The Queen of Koylang") (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ മൂത്ത തമ്പുരാൻ അശ്വതി തിരുനാൾ ഉമയമ്മ റാണി | succession = [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ഭരണാധികാരികൾ | വേണാടിന്റെ റീജന്റ് ഭരണാധികാരി]] | more_text = | reign = 1677 - 1684<ref name=":2" /> | reign_type = Regency | coronation = | cor_type = | predecessor = [[ആദിത്യ വർമ്മ (1661-1677) | അത്തം തിരുനാൾ ആദിത്യ വർമ്മ ]] | pre_type = | successor =[[രവി_വർമ്മ_(1678-1718)|കാർത്തിക തിരുനാൾ വീര രവിവർമ്മ ]] | suc_type = | regent = | reg_type = | succession1 =[[ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ റാണി| ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ മൂത്ത റാണി]] | more_text1 = | reign1 = 1678 - 1698 | reign_type1 = | coronation1 = | cor_type1 = | predecessor1 = സീനിയർ റാണി മകയിരം തിരുനാൾ | pre_type1 = | successor1 = 1688ൽ ദത്തെടുത്ത മൂത്ത രാജകുമാരി പൂരുരുട്ടാതി തിരുനാൾ . | suc_type1 = | regent1 = | reg_type1 = | succession2 = [[ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ റാണി| ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ ഇളയ റാണി]] | more_text2 = | reign2 = 1677-1678 | reign_type2 = | coronation2 = | cor_type2 = | predecessor2 = റാണി മകയിരം തിരുനാൾ | pre_type2 = | successor2 = 1684ൽ ദത്തെടുത്ത കാർത്തികതിരുനാൾ ഇളയ റാണി. | suc_type2 = | regent2 = | reg_type2 = | succession3 = | more_text3 = | reign3 = | reign_type3 = | coronation3 = | cor_type3 = | predecessor3 = | pre_type3 = | successor3 = | suc_type3 = | regent3 = | reg_type3 = <!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --> | birth_name = | birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | birth_place = | died =1698 | death_place = Valiyathura | burial_place = | spouse = | spouse_type = | consort = <!-- yes or no --> | issue = (എല്ലാവരെയും ദത്തെടുത്തത്) കാർത്തിക തിരുനാൾ രവിവർമ്മ, 1684 ദത്തെടുത്ത ഇളയ രാജകുമാരിമാർ, ആദിത്യ വർമ്മ, രോഹിണി തിരുനാൾ വീര രാമവർമ്മ, സീനിയർ രാജകുമാരി, കാർത്തിക തിരുനാൾ ഉമാദേവി, | issue_link = | issue_pipe = | issue_type = | full_name = | era_name = | era_dates = | regnal_name = | posthumous_name = | temple_name = | house = കുപ്പകയിലെ ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ സ്വരൂപം | religion = ഹിന്ദുമതം | module = }} 1677 മുതൽ 1684<ref name=ATT1>{{cite book|last=Raghunandan|first=Lakshmi|title=At the Turn of the Tide: The Life and Times of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi The Last Queen of Travancore|date=1995|publisher=Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi Memorial Charitable Trust|location=Bangalore|page=462|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=E6ryshLSwm0C&pg=PA462&dq=false}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/malayalam/medieval-history.php |title=മധ്യകാല കേരളം, കേരള ടൂറിസം.ഓർഗ് |access-date=2013-03-06 |archive-date=2012-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614024748/http://www.keralatourism.org/malayalam/medieval-history.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> വരെ [[വേണാട്|വേണാടിന്റെ]] റീജന്റായിരുന്നു '''ഉമയമ്മ മഹാറാണി'''. [[രവി_വർമ്മ_(1678-1718)|രവി വർമ്മ]] അധികാരമേറ്റെടുക്കാൻ പ്രാപ്തനാകും വരെയായിരുന്നു റാണി ഭരണം നടത്തിയത്. രവിവർമ്മയുടെ മാതൃസഹോദരിയായിരുന്നു ഉമയമ്മ. ഇതിനുശേഷം 1718 വരെ രവിവർമ്മയായിരുന്നു വേണാടിന്റെ രാജാവ്. ഇവരാണ് കേരളത്തിൽ ബ്രിട്ടീഷുകാർക്ക് ആദ്യമായി കോട്ട പണിയാൻ അനുമതി നൽകിയ ഭരണാധികാരി. ക്രി.വ. [[1684]]-ൽ അഞ്ചു തെങ്ങിൽ (Anjengo) ബ്രിട്ടീഷുകാർക്ക് കോട്ടയും ഫാക്ടറിയും പണിയാൻ സ്ഥലം അനുവദിച്ചത് ഉമയമ്മറാണിയാണ്.<ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക'>{{cite book|title=A Survey Of Kerala History|year=1967 (2007)|publisher=ഡിസി ബുക്സ്, കോട്ടയം|isbn=81-264-1578-9|pages=201, 202|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C&pg=PA201&dq=umayamma+rani&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MpEUUtOFN9CjqwG99IGACA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=umayamma%20rani&f=false|author=[[എ. ശ്രീധരമേനോൻ|എ. ശ്രീധര മേനോൻ]]|accessdate=2013 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 7|language=en|chapter=CHAPTER XVI - Venad (1314-1720)}}</ref> [[അഞ്ചുതെങ്ങു കോട്ട|അഞ്ചുതെങ്ങിൽ കോട്ട]] വന്നതിനു ശേഷമാണു കേരളത്തിൽ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്‌ ആധിപത്യം ആരംഭിക്കുന്നത്.{{തെളിവ്}} റാണി, ക്രി.വ. [[1698]] ജൂലൈയിൽ മരിച്ചതായി പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="haindavakeralam-ക">{{cite web|title=The revolt of the Rani of Attingal 1721 - One of the earliest anti-British Revolts|url=http://www.haindavakeralam.com/hkpage.aspx?PageID=12069&SKIN=B|accessdate=2013 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2|author=ഡോ.ടി.പി. ശങ്കരൻ‌കുട്ടി നായർ|language=മലയാള|date=06 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115356/http://haindavakeralam.com/hkpage.aspx?PageID=12069&SKIN=B|archivedate=2011-10-27 11:53:56}}</ref> == ജീവിതം == [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ|വേണാടിന്റെ]] മഹാരാജാവ് [[ആദിത്യ വർമ്മ (1661-1677)|ആദിത്യവർമ്മയുടെ]] അനന്തരവൾ ആണ് '''ഉമയമ്മ റാണി''' എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന [[ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ സ്വരൂപം|ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ കോവിലകത്തെ]] '''അശ്വതി തിരുനാൾ ഉമയമ്മ റാണി തമ്പുരാട്ടി'''. [[ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ സ്വരൂപം]] [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ|തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ]] മാതൃഗൃഹമായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. [[ആദിത്യ വർമ്മ (1661-1677)|ആദിത്യവർമ്മ]] മരിച്ചപ്പോൾ കിരീടാവകാശികളായി പുരുഷന്മാർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ കൊട്ടാരത്തിലെ മൂത്തസന്തതിയായിരുന്ന ഉമയമ്മ റാണി, അമ്മാവന്റെ മരണത്തോടെ, വേണാട് രാജകുടുംബത്തിലെ രീതിയനുസരിച്ച് കിരീടാവകാശിയായിത്തീർന്നു. ക്രി.വ.[[1677]]-ൽ അശ്വതിതിരുനാൾ തമ്പുരാട്ടി [[തിരുവിതാംകൂർ]] റീജന്റ് റാണിയായി അധികാരത്തിലെത്തി.<ref name="കുലസ്ത്രീ-ക" /> തിരുവിതാംകൂർ സ്റ്റേറ്റ് മാനുവലിന്റെ ഒന്നാം വോളിയത്തിൽ കൊല്ലവർഷം 853-ൽ (എ.ഡി. 1678) ആണ് ഉമയമ്മ റാണി അധികാരത്തിലെത്തിയതെന്ന് പറയുന്നു. റാണി അധികാരമൊഴിഞ്ഞത് കൊല്ലവർഷം 859-ലാണെന്നും (എ.ഡി. 1684) വി. നാഗം അയ്യ രചിച്ച സ്റ്റേറ്റ് മാനുവലിൽ പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു.<ref name=TTSMV1>{{cite book|title=The Travancore state manual, Volume 1|publisher=Kerala Gazetteers Dept|location=Thiruvananthapuram|page=310|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=a-pwU93EK9fn8AXxs4D4AQ&id=HTJuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Travancore+State+Manual+Volume+1&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Umayamma+Rani}}</ref> === കളിപ്പാൻകുളം ദുരന്തം === ഉമയമ്മ റാണിയെക്കുറിച്ച് കേട്ടുവരുന്ന ഒരു കഥ അനുസരിച്ച്, ഉമയമ്മ റാണിക്ക് ആറുമക്കളുണ്ടായിരുന്നെന്നും, എതിരാളികളായിരുന്ന [[എട്ടുവീട്ടിൽ പിള്ളമാർ|എട്ടുവീട്ടിൽ പിള്ളമാരും]] [[എട്ടരയോഗക്കാർ]] എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ക്ഷേത്രഭരണക്കാരും റാണിയുടെ മക്കളിൽ അഞ്ചുപേരെയും [[കളിപ്പാൻ കുളം|കളിപ്പാൻ കുളത്തിൽ]] മുക്കി കൊലപ്പെടുത്തി എന്നും, അതിൽനിന്നു രക്ഷപെട്ട മുതിർന്ന കുമാരനാണ് പിന്നീട് തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഭരണാധികാരിയായിത്തീർന്ന [[രവി വർമ്മ (1678-1718)|രവി വർമ്മയെന്നും]] പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. <ref name="archive.org-ക">{{cite book|title=A history of Travancore from the earliest times|year=1878|publisher=HIGGINBOTHAM AND CO. Madras|author=[[പി. ശങ്കുണ്ണി മേനോൻ|P. SHANGOONNY MENON]]|accessdate=2013 ഒക്ടോബർ 26|page=148|language=en|format=ചരിത്രം|chapter=CHAPTER III|month=നവംബർ|url=http://archive.org/stream/ahistorytravanc00menogoog#page/n148/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name=ATT1/> പക്ഷേ ഇതു വെറും ഒരു കല്പിത കഥയാണെന്നു പിന്നീടുള്ള ചരിത്രകാരന്മാർ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. റാണിയുടെ കാലത്ത് വേണാടിന്റെ തലസ്ഥാനം തിരുവനന്തപുരമല്ല, കൽക്കുളം ആയിരുന്നു, എന്നത് ഈ കഥയെ തെറ്റെന്നു തെളിയിക്കാനുള്ള ഒരു വസ്തുതയായി അവർ എടുത്തു കാട്ടുന്നു. റാണിക്ക് മക്കളേ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല എന്നും അനുമാനിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക' /> ഈ സമയത്ത് ഉമയമ്മ റാണിക്ക് ആണ്മക്കൾ ഇല്ലായിരുന്നുവെന്ന് കേണൽ മൺറോ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name=ATT1/> === ഉമാകേരളം === {{main|ഉമാകേരളം}} [[ഉള്ളൂർ എസ്. പരമേശ്വരയ്യർ|ഉള്ളൂർ]] എഴുതിയ മഹാകാവ്യമാണ് ഉമാകേരളം. ഇത് ഉമയമ്മറാണിയുടെ ജീവിത കാലഘട്ടത്തെ ആസ്പദമാക്കിയിട്ടുള്ളതാണ്. ഉമാകേരളത്തിന്റെ ഉള്ളടക്കം അധികവും ചരിത്രത്തിലുപരി കഥകളായിട്ടാണ് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. റാണിയുടെ ആറു മക്കളുടെ കളിപ്പാൻകുളത്തിലെ ദാരുണമായ അന്ത്യവും മറ്റും കാവ്യരൂപത്തിൽ ഇതിൽ എഴുതപ്പട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. സ്വന്തം മക്കളുടെ ദാരുണമായ മരണത്തിലും പതറാതെ മക്കളുടെ ഘാതകരായ മാടമ്പിമാരുടെ ദുർഭരണത്തിനോടും വൈദേശികാക്രമണങ്ങളോടും വീറോടെ പൊരുതി വിജയിച്ച വീരനായികയായും ഉമാകേരളത്തിൽ റാണിയെ ഇതിൽ പ്രകീർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. റാണിയെ കേരളത്തിന്റെ പ്രതീകമായാണ് രാജഭക്തനായ കവി ഇതിൽ ചിത്രീകരിച്ചിരുന്നത്. ഇതിൽ പ്രതിപാദിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഉമയമ്മറാണിയുടെ വിവരണങ്ങളും മറ്റും കല്പനാ സൃഷ്ടിയാണെന്ന് പിന്തുടർന്നു വന്ന പല ചരിത്രകാരന്മാരും രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. അറിയപ്പെട്ട ചരിത്രഗവേഷകനായിരുന്ന [[ഉള്ളൂർ എസ്. പരമേശ്വരയ്യർ|ഉള്ളൂർ]] തന്നെയും തന്റെ ചരിത്രപഠനത്തിൽ കളിപ്പാൻകുളം സംഭവം നടന്നതിനു തെളിവുകളില്ലെന്നു സൂചിപ്പിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതായി കാണുന്നു.<ref name="കുലസ്ത്രീ-ക" /> == ഭരണം == റാണി ധൈര്യവും കഴിവും ഉള്ള ഒരു ഭരണാധികാരിയായിരുന്നു. ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങളിലെ വരവു ചെലവു കണക്കുകൾ കൃത്യമായി കാണിക്കണം എന്നു നിർദ്ദേശിച്ച റാണി, ''യോഗക്കാർ'' എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ക്ഷേത്രഭരണക്കാരെ വരുതിയിൽ വരുത്തി.<ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക' /> റാണിയുടെ ഭരണകാലത്ത് 1679-ൽ ഉണ്ടാക്കിയ സമാധാന ഉടമ്പടി പ്രകാരം അഞ്ചുതെങ്ങിൽ നിന്ന് കുരുമുളകും മറ്റ് സുഗന്ധവ്യഞ്ജനങ്ങളും വാങ്ങുവാനുള്ള കുത്തകാവകാശം ബ്രിട്ടീഷുകാർക്ക് നൽകപ്പെട്ടു.<ref name=TSIR>{{cite book|title=The South Indian Rebellions: Before and After 1800|date=2007 May|publisher=Palaniyappa Bros. on behalf of South Indian History Congress|location=Chennai|isbn=8183795005|page=68|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA64&dq=false#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> [[വിഴിഞ്ഞം]](Bringjohn), [[വലിയതുറ]] (Ruttera) തുറമുഖം എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഫാക്ടറികൾ സ്ഥാപിക്കാനുള്ള അധികാരവും ഇതിനു മുൻപുതന്നെ ബ്രിട്ടീഷുകാർക്ക് ലഭിച്ചിരുന്നു.<ref name=JKS>{{cite book|title=Journal of Kerala Studies, Volume 14|date=1987|publisher=University of Kerala|location=Kerala|page=38|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=EgSSAAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ruttera}}</ref> == ദത്തും യുദ്ധവും == റാണിയുടെ കാലത്ത് വേണാട് സ്വരൂപത്തിലേക്ക് ഒരു അവകാശിയെ ദത്തെടുക്കാനുള്ള ഒരവസ്ഥ വരുകയും റാണി '''കൊച്ചു രാമൻ ഉണ്ണി പണ്ടാരത്തിലി'''നെ ദത്തായി സ്വയം നിർണ്ണയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഇത് നെടുമങ്ങാട്ടെ പേരക താവഴിയിലെ കേരളവർമ്മയെ ക്ഷോഭിപ്പിച്ചു. കേരളവർമ്മയ്ക്ക് സ്വന്തം സഹോദരൻ ദത്തായി വരണമെന്നായിരുന്നു ആദ്യം ആഗ്രഹമെങ്കിലും, പിന്നീട് വഞ്ചി കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും മൂത്ത സന്തതിയെന്ന നിലയിൽ തന്റെ തന്നെ അവകാശമായി ദത്തിനെ ഉന്നയിച്ചു. കൊട്ടാരക്കര കോവിലകത്തിന്റെ പിന്തുണയോടെ കേരളവർമ്മ തിരുവനന്തപുരം പിടിച്ചടക്കി. ഉമയമ്മ റാണി ആറ്റിങ്ങലേക്കു പിന്മാറി തന്റെ സൈന്യത്തെ അവിടെ ഒരുക്കി നിർത്തി. കൽക്കുളത്തും ഇടക്കാടും വെച്ച് ഉണ്ടായ യുദ്ധത്തിനിടയ്ക്ക്, സമാധാന ശ്രമമെന്ന രീതിയിൽ കേരളവർമ്മയ്ക്ക് ഇളയ തമ്പുരാൻ എന്ന പട്ടം നൽകി പ്രശ്നം പരിഹരിച്ചു.<ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക' /> അങ്ങനെ ഉണ്ണി കേരളവർമ്മ, രാമവർമ്മ എന്നിങ്ങനെ രണ്ടുപേരെ ഉമയമ്മ റാണി ദത്തെടുത്തിരുന്നു.<ref name=WHHST>{{cite book|last=B. S.|first=Chandrababu|title=Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation|date=2009|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalyam|location=Chennai|isbn=9788189909970|page=243|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=NZmyUpHdPWYC&pg=PA243&dq=false#v=onepage&q=false&f=false|coauthor=L. Thilagavathi}}</ref> === കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ === {{main|കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ}} ഉമയമ്മറാണിയുടെ മറ്റൊരു ദത്തായിരുന്നു [[കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ]]. ഇദ്ദേഹം വടക്കൻ മലബാറിലെ [[കോട്ടയം രാജവംശം|കോട്ടയം കോവിലകത്തെ]] - കവിയും ആട്ടക്കഥാകൃത്തുമായ [[കോട്ടയത്തു തമ്പുരാൻ|കോട്ടയത്തു തമ്പുരാന്റെ]] അനുജനായിരുന്നു. [[കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ|കേരളവർമ്മ]] ഒരു തീർഥയാത്രയ്ക്കിടെ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെത്തുകയും റാണിയുടെ നിർബന്ധത്തിനു വഴങ്ങി റാണിയെ രാജകാര്യങ്ങളിൽ സഹായിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. അദ്ദേഹവുമായി റാണിക്ക് [[സംബന്ധം]] ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നതായും പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="കുലസ്ത്രീ-ക">{{cite book|title="'കുലസ്ത്രീയും' 'ചന്തപ്പെണ്ണും' ഉണ്ടായതെങ്ങനെ?"|year=2010|publisher="ഡയറക്ടർ, സെന്റർ ഫോർ ഡെവലപ്മെന്റ് സ്റ്റഡീസ്"|pages=56 - 58|url=https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/%27%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%27_%27%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%27_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%3F/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%3F#56|author=[[ജെ. ദേവിക]]|accessdate=2013 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2|language=മലയാള|chapter=കേരളത്തിൽ റാണിമാർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നോ?|month=സെപ്റ്റംബർ}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിനെ തിരുവിതാംകൂരിലേക്ക് ദത്തെടുത്ത റാണി, അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് '''ഹിരണ്യസിംഹനല്ലൂർ രാജകുമാരൻ'''(ഏരാനല്ലൂർ/ഇരണിയൽ) ആയി വാഴിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. കൊല്ലവർഷം 871 (ക്രി.വ. 1696)-ൽ സ്വന്തം കൊട്ടാര വളപ്പിനുള്ളിൽ വെച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയായിരുന്നു.<ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക' /> == മുകിലൻ പട == {{main|മുകിലൻ}} മുഗൾ സിർദർ (മുഗൾ സർദാർ/മുകിലൻ) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു മുസ്ലിം സാഹസികൻ ഉമയമ്മറാണിയുടെ റീജന്റ് ഭരണകാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ വർക്കല മുതൽ തോവാള വരെയുള്ള പ്രദേശം പിടിച്ചെടുക്കുകയും മണക്കാട്ട് തമ്പടിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. <ref name='KeralaHistoryanditsMakers-ക'>{{cite book|title=Kerala History and its Makers|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=kottayam+kerala+varma&source=bl&ots=TNaGzWHxoQ&sig=3O6RnhYq_PnTf5SA6nwsBRs6sPE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D6MBUsfwKMiplQXi44D4Cg&ved=0CI4BEOgBMA4#v=onepage&q=kottayam%20kerala%20varma&f=false|author=[[എ. ശ്രീധരമേനോൻ|എ. ശ്രീധര മേനോൻ]]|accessdate=2013 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 7|year=1987|publisher=ഡിസി ബുക്സ്, കോട്ടയം|isbn=978-81-264-2199-2|page=75|language=en|chapter=CHAPTER XIV - Ravi Varma Kulasekhara}}</ref><ref name='ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക' /><ref name=keralatourism.org-ക>{{cite web|title=മധ്യകാല കേരളം|url=http://www.keralatourism.org/malayalam/medieval-history.php|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala,|accessdate=2013 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 7|language=മലയാള|archive-date=2012-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614024748/http://www.keralatourism.org/malayalam/medieval-history.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> റാണി അക്കാലത്ത് നെടുമങ്ങാട്ടു കോയിക്കലിലാണ് താമസിച്ചിരുന്നത്. കന്യാകുമാരി ജില്ലയിലെ ബുധപുരം ബലഭദ്രസ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം മുകിലൻ കൊള്ളയടിക്കുകയും തകർക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ശ്രീപത്മനാഭസ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം കൊള്ളയടിക്കാൻ അദ്ദേഹം ഒരുമ്പെട്ടെങ്കിലും വേണാട്ടു രാജവംശത്തോടു കൂറുള്ള പട്ടാണി മുസ്ലീങ്ങൾ ഇടപെട്ട് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ പിന്തിരിപ്പിച്ചു. പിടിച്ചെടുത്ത പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ കൊള്ള ചെയ്യാനായി മുകിലൻ തന്റെ സൈനികരെ അയച്ചു. കൂടാതെ ഈ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ സുന്നത്ത് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഇസ്‌ലാമികാചാരങ്ങൾ ജനങ്ങളുടെ മേൽ അടിച്ചേൽപ്പിച്ചു. ആ സമയത്ത് രാജകാര്യങ്ങളിൽ റാണിയെ സഹായിക്കുകയായിരുന്ന [[കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ|കേരളവർമ്മയുടെ]] നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ വേണാട് സൈന്യം മുഗൾ സൈന്യത്തെ തുരത്തി.<ref name="KeralaHistoryanditsMakers-ക" /><ref name="ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക" /> തിരുവട്ടാറിൽ വെച്ചുനടന്ന യുദ്ധത്തിൽ [[കോട്ടയത്ത് കേരളവർമ്മ|കേരളവർമ്മ]] ആക്രമണകാരിയായ [[മുകിലൻ|മുഗൾ സിർദറിനേയും]] കൂടെയുള്ള അനേകം സൈനികരേയും കൊല്ലുകയും അവരുടെ വേണാട് ആക്രമണോദ്ദേശത്തെ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-ക" /> == റാണിയുടെ വിവരണം == === വില്ല്യം വാൻ ന്യൂഹോഫ് === [[File:Johan Nieuhof's audience with the Queen of Quilon.jpg|left|thumb|ജൊഹാൻ നിയൂഹോഫ് റാണിയെ മുഖം കാണിക്കുന്നു.]] ഡച്ച് പ്രതിനിധിയായ വില്ല്യം വാൻ ന്യൂഹോഫ് ഉമയമ്മറാണിയെ സന്ദർശിച്ചതിന്റെ വിവരണം ഇങ്ങനെ നടത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നു... ; ആംഗലേയം {{ഉദ്ധരണി|... I was introduced into her majesty's presence. She had a guard of above 700 Nair soldiers about her, all clad after the Malabar fashion; the Queens attire being no more than a piece of callicoe wrapt around her middle, the upper part of her body appearing for the most part naked, with a piece of callicoe hanging carelessly round her shoulders. Her ears, which were very long, her neck and arms were adorned with precious stones, gold rings and bracelets and her head covered with a piece of white callicoe. She was past her middle age, of a brown complexion, with black hair tied in a knot behind, but of majestick mein, she being a princess who shew'd a great deal of good conduct in the management of her affairs <ref>Velu Pillai Travancore Manual Vol II page 201-2</ref>}} ; മലയാളം (തർജ്ജമ) {{ഉദ്ധരണി|... എന്നെ മഹാറാണിയുടെ മുന്നിലേക്കു കൊണ്ടുചെന്നു. അവരെ ചുറ്റി 700 നായർ പടയാളികളുണ്ടായിരുന്നു, എല്ലാവരും മലബാർ രീതിയിൽ തന്നെയായിരുന്നു; റാണിയുടെ വേഷം അരയിൽ ചുറ്റിയിരുന്ന ഒരു കാലിക്കോ തുണിയിലധികം വരില്ല, മുകൾ വശം ഏകദേശം മുഴുവൻ നഗ്നമാണ്, മറ്റൊരു കഷണം കാലിക്കോ തുണി അശ്രദ്ധമായി അവരുടെ തോളിനെ ചുറ്റി അണിഞ്ഞിരുന്നു. അവരുടെ കാതുകൾ, വളരെ നീളമുള്ളവയായിരുന്നു, കഴുത്തും കൈകളും വിലപിടിപ്പുള്ള രത്നക്കല്ലുകളും സ്വർണ്ണ മോതിരങ്ങളും നെക്‌ലേസും കൊണ്ടലംകൃതമായിരുന്നു, ഒരു വെള്ള കാലിക്കോ തുണികൊണ്ട് അവരുടെ തലമറച്ചിരുന്നു. അവർ മധ്യവയസ്സു പിന്നിട്ട തവിട്ടു നിറമുള്ള സ്ത്രീയായിരുന്നു, അവരുടെ തലമുടി തലയുടെ പിന്നിൽ ചുരുട്ടി രാജോചിതമായ രീതിയിൽ കെട്ടി വെച്ചിരുന്നു, ഒരു രാജകുമാരിയായ അവരുടെ ഇടപെടലുകൾ വളരെ നല്ലസ്വഭാവത്തോടെയുള്ളതായിരുന്നു.}} === ഒരു യൂറോപ്യൻ സൈനികൻ === ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ തമ്പുരാട്ടിമാരെയും ഉമയമ്മ റാണിയെയും നേരിൽക്കണ്ട ഒരു യൂറോപ്യൻ സൈനികൻ, ക്രി.വ.[[1677]]-ൽ അവരെ ഇങ്ങനെ വിവരിക്കുന്നു: {{ഉദ്ധരണി|ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ റാണി തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ മാതൃഗൃഹമാണ്; മാത്രമല്ല, തൃപ്പാപ്പൂർസ്വരൂപത്തിന്റെ മൂപ്പും വഹിക്കുന്നു. തിരുവിതാംകൂറിൽനിന്നു സ്വതന്ത്രമായി നിൽക്കുന്ന വലിയൊരു ഭൂപ്രദേശവും അവർക്ക് സ്വന്തമായുണ്ട്. മൂത്ത തമ്പുരാട്ടിക്കൊപ്പം ഒരു ഇളയ തമ്പുരാട്ടിയുമുണ്ട്. പൗരുഷവും കുലീനതയും തികഞ്ഞ അവരെ എല്ലാവർക്കും ഭയവും ബഹുമാനവുമാണ്. അവരുടെ സ്ത്രീത്വത്തെ ചിലർ ബഹുമാനിക്കുന്നു. മറ്റുചിലർ മൂത്ത തമ്പുരാട്ടിയോടുളള ബഹുമാനംകൊണ്ട് അവരെ വന്ദിക്കുന്നു. ഇങ്ങനെ കിട്ടുന്ന ആദരവിനെ തനിക്കനുകൂലമായി ഉപയോഗിക്കാൻ ഈ ഇളയ തമ്പുരാട്ടിക്ക് നല്ല കഴിവാണ്. അതിലൂടെ അവർ ആറ്റിങ്ങൽ മാത്രമല്ല, തിരുവിതാംകൂർതന്നെ ഭരിക്കുന്നു. അവിടത്തെ ആചാരപ്രകാരം തിരുവിതാംകൂറിലേക്ക് തമ്പുരാട്ടിമാർ കാലെടുത്തുവച്ചുകൂടാത്തതാണ്. കരമനയാറു കടന്നാൽ കളങ്കമുണ്ടാകുമെന്നാണ് വിശ്വാസം. എന്നാൽ ഈ പൗരുഷക്കാരി ആ മാമൂൽ അടുത്തകാലത്ത് ലംഘിച്ചു. രാജാവുപോലും അവരുടെ മുന്നിൽനിന്ന് പറപറക്കുന്നു.<ref name="AHandBookOfKerala-ക">{{cite book|title=എ ഹാൻഡ് ബുക് ഓഫ് കേരള, വാല്യം.1|year=2011|pages=144|url=https://ml.wikisource.org/wiki/%27%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%27_%27%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%27_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%3F/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%3F#57|author=ശിവശങ്കരൻ നായർ|accessdate=2013 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2}}</ref> }} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist|2}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1698-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ രാജാക്കന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അശ്വതി നക്ഷത്രജാതർ]] 9hpp91j5jz23irkhojgwt2a40qn5o4s 0 239363 4644392 4566224 2026-07-08T10:07:56Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Cynometra beddomei}} {{Speciesbox |image = Cynometra beddomei.jpg |image_caption = Leaves |status = EN |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref name=iucn/> |genus = Cynometra |species = beddomei |authority = Prain }} [[Fabaceae|പയർ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരു വൃക്ഷമാണ് '''ചെറുകൂരി'''. [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|പശ്ചിമഘട്ടത്തിലെ]] ഒരൊറ്റ മരത്തിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഇത് വിവരിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. 1870 മുതൽ ഇത് വീണ്ടും കാണാത്തതിനാൽ 1998 ൽ ഇത് വംശനാശം സംഭവിച്ചതായി പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/worldlistofthrea98oldf#page/156/mode/2up|title=The World List of Threatened Trees.|publisher=World Conservation Press|others=Compiled by Oldfield, S; Lusty C; A. MacKinven|year=1998|page=157}}</ref> കേരളത്തിലെയും തെക്കൻ കർണാടകയിലെയും പല ഭാഗങ്ങളിലും ഈയിനം മരങ്ങൾ കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇത് പ്രതിഫലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനായി 2020 ൽ ഐ‌യു‌സി‌എൻ നില അപ്‌ഡേറ്റുചെയ്‌തു.<ref name="iucn">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cynometra beddomei|access-date=2020-12-10|last=Group)|first=N. Sasidharan (IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist|date=2018-08-01|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/rediscovered-tree-still-extinct-on-iucn-red-list/article3567192.ece Rediscovered tree still ‘extinct’ on IUCN Red List]</ref> [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ തകർച്ച|ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ നഷ്ടം]] ഇതിന് ഭീഷണിയാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/9950 കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങളും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] * http://dbpedia.org/page/Cynometra_beddomei {{WS|Cynometra beddomei}} {{CC|Cynometra beddomei}} {{കേരളത്തിലെ മരങ്ങൾ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വൃക്ഷങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫാബേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] {{Plant-stub}} rea67rn5x3qex2z9jdr4iryqvflp71y 0 242806 4644372 4564970 2026-07-08T09:34:36Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Bulbophyllum sterile}} {{Taxobox | name = ''മൂക്കിട്ടകായ '' | image = Bulbophyllum sterile.jpg | image_caption = പൂവ് | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] | ordo = [[Asparagales]] | familia = [[Orchidaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]] | genus = ''[[Bulbophyllum]]'' | species = '''''B. sterile''''' | binomial ='''''Bulbophyllum sterile''''' | binomial_authority =(Lam.) Suresh | synonyms = *Bulbophyllum caudatum Lindl. *Bulbophyllum nilgherrense Wight *Epidendrum sterile Lam. *Phyllorchis caudata (Lindl.) Kuntze *Phyllorkis caudata (Lindl.) Kuntze *Phyllorkis nilgherensis (Wight) Kuntze }} [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ]] ഒരു [[ഓർക്കിഡ്|ഓർക്കിഡാണ്]] '''മൂക്കിട്ടകായ'''.{{ശാനാ|Bulbophyllum sterile}}. ഇതിന് വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുണ്ട്. താരതമ്യേന ഉയരം കുറഞ്ഞ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ പൊതുവേ കാണുന്ന ഇനമാണിത്. മരങ്ങളിലും പാറകളിലും പറ്റിപ്പിടിച്ച് വളരും. പൂക്കൾക്ക് ദുർഗന്ധമുണ്ട്. താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശം മുതൽ ഉയര്ന്ന പ്രദേശം വരെ കൂടുതലായി കാണുന്ന ഈ ഓർക്കിഡുകളിൽ വർഷത്തിൽ ഒരിക്കൽ മാത്രമേ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാവുകയുള്ളു, ഒക്ടോബർ മുതൽ ഫെബ്രുവരി വരെയാണ് പൂക്കാലം .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://enchantingkerala.org/kerala-orchids/kerala-orchids-bulbophyllum.php |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2013-05-06 |archive-date=2012-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724073437/http://enchantingkerala.org/kerala-orchids/kerala-orchids-bulbophyllum.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[നാട്ടുവൈദ്യം|നാട്ടുവൈദ്യ]]<nowiki/>ത്തിൽ രോഗാണുനാശകമായി ഉപയോഗിച്ചുവരുന്ന ഈ ചെടിയെക്കുറിച്ച് [[ഹോർത്തൂസ് മലബാറിക്കൂസ്|ഹോർത്തൂസ് മലബാറിക്കൂസി]]<nowiki/>ൽ വിവരണമുണ്ട്.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330906/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=27439 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2018-12-13 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804092838/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=27439 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://presam77.blogspot.in/2012/12/bulbophyllum-sterile.html അടുത്തുനിന്നുമുള്ള ചിത്രങ്ങൾ] {{WS|Bulbophyllum sterile}} {{CC|Bulbophyllum sterile}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലങ്കാരസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ തദ്ദേശ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നീലിയാർകോട്ടത്തെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] {{Plant-stub}} 7ekayxobkv5lcri8ljt8homjz2k6ppz 0 243378 4644365 4565175 2026-07-08T09:29:23Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Curcuma caesia}} {{taxobox |image =Black Turmeric.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |ordo = [[Zingiberales]] |familia = [[Zingiberaceae]] |genus = ''[[Curcuma]]'' |species = '''''C. caesia''''' |binomial = ''Curcuma caesia'' |binomial_authority = [[Roxb.]] |synonyms = *Curcuma kuchoor Royle *Curcuma malabarica Velay., Amalraj & Mural. }} നീലിമ കലർന്ന കറുപ്പുനിറത്തോടുകൂടിയ കിഴങ്ങുള്ള ഒരു [[ബഹുവർഷി|ബഹുവർഷകുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ്]] '''കരിമഞ്ഞൾ'''. {{ശാനാ|Curcuma caesia}}. ഇന്ത്യൻ തദ്ദേശവാസിയായ ഈ ചെടി ഇതിന്റെ കിഴങ്ങിന്റെ ഔഷധഗുണം കാരണം വളരെ സാമ്പത്തികപ്രാധാന്യമുള്ളതാണ്. ഇതിന് വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുണ്ട്.<ref>http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Black%20Turmeric.html</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.sacreda.com/kalihaldi.html മതപരമായി കരിമഞ്ഞൾ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിനെപ്പറ്റി] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902200637/http://www.sacreda.com/kalihaldi.html |date=2013-09-02 }} * [http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/7881/1/NPR%206%284%29%20334-340.pdf ഔഷധഗുണങ്ങൾ] {{WS|Curcuma caesia}} {{CC|Curcuma caesia}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കിഴങ്ങുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ തദ്ദേശ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] {{Plant-stub|Black Turmeric}} kvfzah1gk27sz8m2x3ftdichvfgwxp3 0 244138 4644382 1752305 2026-07-08T09:47:10Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs_Image}} {{Prettyurl|Helichrysum perlanigerum}} {{taxobox |name = പച്ചൂരൽ |image = |image_caption = |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] |ordo = [[Asterales]] |familia = [[Asteraceae]] |subfamilia = [[Asteroideae]] |tribus = [[Gnaphalieae]] |genus = [[Helichrysum]] | species = H. perlanigerum | binomial = Helichrysum perlanigerum | binomial_authority =Gamble }} [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ]] ഒരു [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി|കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ്]] '''പച്ചൂരൽ'''. {{ശാനാ|Helichrysum perlanigerum}}. സാധാരണയായി [[Coimbatore|കോയമ്പത്തൂരിലും]] [[ആനമല|ആനമലയിലും]] കാണുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/265417 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] {{WS|Helichrysum perlanigerum}} {{CC|Helichrysum perlanigerum}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] ezxitt8q2d7flltb49zvtr4iuczrtj8 0 249256 4644363 4532997 2026-07-08T09:27:44Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Geodorum densiflorum}} {{taxobox |name = ''ഊരംപുളിക്കിഴങ്ങ്'' | image = Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr..jpg | image_caption = പൂക്കുല, [[പേരാവൂർ|പേരാവൂരിൽ]] നിന്നും. |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |ordo = [[Asparagales]] |familia = [[Orchidaceae]] | genus = [[Geodorum]] | species = G. densiflorum | binomial = Geodorum densiflorum | binomial_authority =(Lam.) Schltr. |synonyms = {{hidden begin}} * Arethusa glutinosa Blanco * Cistella cernua (Willd.) Blume * Cymbidium pictum R.Br. * Dendrobium haenkeanum Steud. * Dendrobium nutans C.Presl * Geodorum candidum (Roxb.) Lindl. * Geodorum formosanum Rolfe ex Hemsl. * Geodorum fucatum Lindl. * Geodorum neocaledonicum Kraenzl. * Geodorum nutans (C.Presl) Ames * Geodorum pacificum Rolfe * Geodorum pictum (R.Br.) Lindl. * Geodorum rariflorum Lindl. * Geodorum semicristatum Lindl. * Geodorum tricarinatum Schltr. * Limodorum candidum Roxb. * Limodorum densiflorum Lam. * Malaxis cernua Willd. * Ortmannia cernua (Willd.) Opiz * Otandra cernua (Willd.) Salisb. * Tropidia grandis Hance {{Hidden end}} }} നോഡിംഗ് സ്വാമ്പ് ഓർക്കിഡ് (Nodding Swamp Orchid) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന '''ഊരംപുളിക്കിഴങ്ങ്''' [[ഇന്ത്യ]] മുതൽ [[തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ|തെക്കുകിഴക്കേഷ്യയിലൂടെ]] [[Australia|ഓസ്ത്രേലിയ]] വരെ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന [[ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ നിലത്തുവളരുന്ന ഒരിനം [[ഓർക്കിഡ്]] ആണ്. {{ശാനാ|Geodorum densiflorum}}. പുൽമൈതാനങ്ങൾ, മണലുള്ള സ്ഥലങ്ങൾ, [[rainforest|മഴക്കാടുകൾ]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെല്ലാം ഈ ചെടി കാണാറുണ്ട്. ചെറിയ ഉരുണ്ട കിഴങ്ങുകളാണ് ഊരംപുളിക്കിഴങ്ങിന്റേത്.<ref>http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Nodding%20Swamp%20Orchid.html</ref> [[urbanization|നഗരവൽക്കരണത്താൽ]] [[Australia|ഓസ്ത്രേലിയയിൽ]] വംശനാശഭീഷണി അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref>http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/GeodorumDensiflorumEndSpListing.htm</ref> == വിതരണം == ഇന്ത്യ, നേപ്പാൾ, ബംഗ്ലാദേശ്, ഭൂട്ടാൻ, ശ്രീലങ്ക, അസം, മ്യാന്മർ, ആൻഡമാൻ ആൻഡ് നിക്കോബാർ ദ്വീപുകൾ, തായ്ലാൻഡ്, വിയറ്റ്നാം, റുക്യൂ ദ്വീപുകൾ, ഒഗസവാറ ദ്വീപുകൾ, ഗുവാംഗ്ഡോംഗ്, ഗുവാങ്ക്സി, ഗുയിഷൗ, ഹൈനാന്, സിചുവാന്, തായ്വാൻ, യുന്നൻ, മലേഷ്യ, ഇൻഡോനേഷ്യ, ഫിലിപ്പൈൻസ്, ന്യൂ ഗ്വിനിയ, ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ, സോലോമൺസ്, ബിസ്മാർക്ക്, ഫിജി, നിയുവേ, ന്യൂ കാലിഡോണിയ, സമോവ, ടോംഗ, വനുവാടു, മൈക്രോനേഷ്യ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ജിയോഡോറം ഡൻസിഫ്ലോറം റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref> Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</ref><ref> Flora of China v 25 p 259, 地宝兰 di bao lan, Geodorum densiflorum (Lamarck) Schlechter</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/244039 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] * [http://images.wikia.com/orchids/en/images/d/d0/In_vitro_propagation_of_the_endangered_orchid,_Geodorum_densiflorum_%28Lam.%29_Schltr._through_rhizome_section_culture.pdf കിഴങ്ങിൽ നിന്നും പുതിയ തൈകൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കാനുള്ള രീതികളെപ്പറ്റി] * http://www.orchidspecies.com/geoddensiflorum.htm {{WS|Geodorum densiflorum}} {{CC|Geodorum densiflorum}} {{Plant-stub}} * ''Geodorum densiflorum'' at [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/244039 India Biodiversity Portal] * http://www.orchidspecies.com/geoddensiflorum.htm {{Taxonbar|from=Q8963797}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലങ്കാരസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] ajdgqqkhts329rxbckx8nexdpjc7n1r 0 254085 4644393 1799355 2026-07-08T10:08:28Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Delonix decaryi}} {{taxobox |image = Delonix decaryi 03 ies.jpg |status = LR/nt |status_system = IUCN2.3 |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Fabales]] |familia = [[Fabaceae]] |genus = ''[[Delonix]]'' |species = '''''D. decaryi''''' |binomial = ''Delonix decaryi'' |binomial_authority = (R. Vig.) Capuron }} പയറുവർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന [[ഫാബേസീ]] സസ്യകുടുംത്തിൽ പെട്ട ഒരു [[ഉപവർഗ്ഗം|സ്പീഷീസാണ്]] '''ഡിലോനിക്‌സ് ഡിക്കേരി''' (Delonix decaryi). വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ സസ്യം ഇപ്പോൾ [[മഡഗാസ്കർ]] ദ്വീപിലെ ചില പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ മാത്രമാണ് കണ്ടുവരുന്നത്. <ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/36264/0 വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന ഡിസോനിസ് ഡിക്കേരി]</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.cactus-art.biz/schede/DELONIX/Delonix_decaryi/Delonix_decaryi/Delonix_decary.htm കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] o6rxmfu6nb7qmkdeab395u4ngtnyil2 0 268156 4644399 3230984 2026-07-08T10:33:34Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Savanna nightjar}} {{Taxobox | name = ചുയിരാച്ചുക്ക് | image = Caprimulgus affinis.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>BirdLife International. 2012. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002424/0 ''Caprimulgus affinis''.] In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Downloaded on 03 June 2013.</ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Caprimulgiformes]] | familia = [[nightjar|Caprimulgidae]] | genus = ''[[Caprimulgus]]'' | species = '''''C. affinis''''' | binomial = ''Caprimulgus affinis'' | binomial_authority = ([[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1821) }} [[ദക്ഷിണേഷ്യ]]യിലും [[ദക്ഷിണ-പൂർവേഷ്യ]]യിലും കാണപ്പേടുന്ന ഒരു [[രാച്ചുക്കുകൾ|രാച്ചുക്ക]]നാണ് '''ചുയിരാച്ചുക്ക്'''.ചുയിരാച്ചുക്കിനെ<ref name=BoK>{{cite journal|last1=J|first1=Praveen|title=A checklist of birds of Kerala, India|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=17 November 2015|volume=7|issue=13|pages=7983–8009|doi=10.11609/JoTT.2001.7.13.7983-8009|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/2001/3445}}</ref> <ref name=eBird>{{cite web|title=eBird India- Kerala|url=http://ebird.org/ebird/india/subnational1/IN-KL?yr=all|website=eBird.org|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|accessdate=24 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref><ref name=BoK_Book>{{cite book|last1=കെ.കെ.|first1=നീലകണ്ഠൻ|title=കേരളത്തിലെ പക്ഷികൾ|date=2017|publisher=[[കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി]]|isbn=978-81-7690-251-9|pages=485-486|edition=5|url=|accessdate=25 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref><ref name=BoSI>{{cite book|last1=Grimmett|first1=Richard|last2=Inskipp|first2=Tim|last3=P.O.|first3=Nameer|title=Birds of Southern India [Thekke Indiayile Pakshikal (Malayalam version)]|date=2007|publisher=BNHS|location=Mumbai|accessdate=24 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref> ഇംഗ്ലീഷിൽ ഇവയെ '''Savanna Nightjar''' എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ [[ദ്വിപദ നാമപദ്ധതി|ശാസ്ത്രീയ നാമം]] ''Caprimulgus affinis'' എന്നാണ്. ഇവയ്ക്ക് ‘’’Franlin’s (allied) nightjar’’’ എന്നും പേരുണ്ട്. <ref name="vns1">പേജ് 348, കേരളത്തിലെ പക്ഷികൾ- ഇന്ദുചൂഡൻ, കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ruahm2458p2tyvd3cqawyta0y56quf7 0 271101 4644377 4575347 2026-07-08T09:43:20Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Rotala malabarica}} {{taxobox |status = CR |status_system = IUCN3.1 | name= മലബാർ റൊട്ടാല | image = Rotala malabarica 09.JPG | image_width = | image_caption = മലബാർ റൊട്ടാല, [[മാടായിപ്പാറ|മാടായിപ്പാറയിൽ]] നിന്നും. |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_subclassis = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Myrtales]] |familia = [[Lythraceae]] |genus = ''[[Rotala]]'' | species = '''''R. malabarica''''' | binomial = ''Rotala malabarica'' | binomial_authority =Pradeep, K.T.Joseph & Sivar. }} [[File:Rotala malabarica,.jpg|thumb|Rotala malabarica,]] [[ലൈത്രേസി|ലിത്രേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട ഒരു സസ്യമാണ് '''മലബാർ റൊട്ടാല''' {{ശാനാ|''Rotala malabarica''}}. [[ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യ|തെക്കേ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ]] മാത്രം കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ഇത് ഹ്രസ്വായുസ്സായ, ഓഷധി വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ള സ്പീഷീസാണ്. ചെങ്കൽപ്പരപ്പുകളിൽ [[മൺ‌സൂൺ|മൺസൂൺ]] കാലത്ത് രൂപംകൊള്ളുന്ന താൽക്കാലിക വെള്ളക്കെട്ടുകളിലാണ് ഇത് സാധാരണയായി വളരുന്നത്. ധാരാളം ശാഖകളോടെ പടർന്നു വളരുന്ന ഈ ചെടി 15 സെ.മീ വരെ ഉയരം വയ്ക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ നിലത്ത് പടരുന്ന തണ്ടുകളുടെ സന്ധികളിൽ നിന്നാണ് വേരുകൾ പുറപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇലകളും പൂക്കളും ഞെട്ടുകളില്ലാതെ നേരിട്ട് തണ്ടോട് ചേർന്നിരിക്കുന്നു. വീതികുറഞ്ഞ് നീണ്ട ഇലകൾ അഗ്രം സൂക്ഷമായി രണ്ടായി പിളർന്നതാണ്. ഇളം പിങ്ക് നിറമുള്ള പൂക്കൾ പത്രകക്ഷങ്ങളിൽ വിരിയുന്നു.<ref>https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/228278</ref> == ഇതുകൂടി കാണുക == [[മലമ്പുഴ റൊട്ടാല]] ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/228278 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] {{WS|Rotala malabarica}} {{CC|Rotala malabarica}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജലസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:റൊട്ടാല]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] {{Plant-stub}} cc4un4zoraft2cryti3qkudcwa1wi0k 6 300835 4644208 2126311 2026-07-07T12:22:29Z Sreehari lijinas 209493 4644208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Book cover fur |Article = ആശ്വാസത്തിന്റെ മന്ത്രച്ചരട് |Use = Infobox <!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --> |Title = |Author = |Publisher = പൂർണ പബ്ലിക്കേഷൻസ് |Cover_artist = |Website = |Owner = |Commentary = |Year = <!-- OVERRIDE FIELDS --> |Description = |Source = |Portion = |Low_resolution = |Purpose = <!-- Must be specified if Use is not Infobox / Header / Section / Author --> |Replaceability = |other_information = }} ep4rlfehbc43ye1nbf8ru5jd2caq5xt 0 323669 4644235 4628024 2026-07-07T15:59:26Z Sneha Forestry 184179 /* തീറ്റ */ 4644235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Pacific swift}} {{Taxobox | name = ഹിമാലയൻ ശരപ്പക്ഷി | image = ApusPacificus.jpg | image_width = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22686845 |title=''Apus pacificus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Apodiformes]] | familia = [[Apodidae]] | genus = ''[[Apus (genus)|Apus]]'' | species = '''''A. pacificus''''' | binomial = ''Apus pacificus'' | binomial_authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801) | range_map = Apuspacificuspacificus.png | range_map_width = | range_map_caption =<div style="text-align:left;"><big>{{Legend2|#00FF33| Breeding visitor|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br> {{Legend2|#009966| Breeding range of three former subspecies |border=1px solid #aaa}}<br> {{Legend2|#FFFF33| Non-breeding |border=1px solid #aaa}}</big></div>(ranges are approximate) }} ഒരു ദേശാടനപ്പക്ഷിയാണ് '''ഹിമാലയൻ ശരപ്പക്ഷി'''. ഇംഗ്ളീഷിൽ '''Pacific swift''' എന്നും ശാസ്ത്രീയ നാമം ''Apus pacificus''<ref name=BoK>{{cite journal|last1=J|first1=Praveen|title=A checklist of birds of Kerala, India|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=17 November 2015|volume=7|issue=13|pages=7983–8009|doi=10.11609/JoTT.2001.7.13.7983-8009|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/2001/3445}}</ref> <ref name=eBird>{{cite web|title=eBird India- Kerala|url=http://ebird.org/ebird/india/subnational1/IN-KL?yr=all|website=eBird.org|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|accessdate=24 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref><ref name=BoK_Book>{{cite book|last1=കെ.കെ.|first1=നീലകണ്ഠൻ|title=കേരളത്തിലെ പക്ഷികൾ|date=2017|publisher=[[കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി]]|isbn=978-81-7690-251-9|page=486|edition=5|url=|accessdate=25 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref><ref name=BoSI>{{cite book|last1=Grimmett|first1=Richard|last2=Inskipp|first2=Tim|last3=P.O.|first3=Nameer|title=Birds of Southern India [Thekke Indiayile Pakshikal&nbsp;(Malayalam version)]|date=2007|publisher=BNHS|location=Mumbai|accessdate=24 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017}}</ref> . ''Apus pacificus leuconyx'' അഥവാ ''Apus leuconyx'' (ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്: Blyth's swift) എന്നുമാണ് ഈ പക്ഷി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. [[ദക്ഷിണേഷ്യ|ദക്ഷിണേഷ്യയിലാണ്]] ഈ പക്ഷി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Leader, P J. |year=2011|title= Taxonomy of the Pacific Swift Apus pacificus Latham, 1802, complex|journal= Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=131|pages=81–93}}</ref> ==പ്രജനനം== [[ഗുഹ|ഗുഹകളിലും]] കെട്ടിടങ്ങളുടെ മേൽക്കൂരയിലും കൂട് ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നു. പകുതിയുള്ള കപ്പിന്റെ ആകൃതിയിലുള്ള ഇവയുടെ കൂട്, തിരശ്ചീന തലത്തിൽ ഉണങ്ങിയ പുല്ലും മൃദുവായ വസ്തുക്കളും ചേർത്ത് ഉമിനീരുകൂട്ടി ഉറപ്പിക്കുന്നു. വെളുത്ത നിറമുള്ള 2-3 മുട്ടകളാണ് ഇടുന്നത്. <ref name= lack>{{cite journal |last=Lack |first= David |year=1956 |title= A review of the genera and nesting habits of swifts | journal= The Auk | volume=73 | pages=1–32 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_auk_1956-01_73_1/page/1|doi=|jstor=4081635 |issue=1}}</ref> 17 ദിവസംകൊണ്ട് മുട്ടകൾ വിരിയുന്നു.കുറെ ദിവസംകൊണ്ട് മാത്രമെ കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങൾക്ക് പറക്കാനാവുന്നുള്ളു.വിരിയുമ്പോൾ തൂവലുകൾ ഉണ്ടാവില്ല. കണ്ണുകൾ തുറക്കില്ല. മോശം കാലാവസ്ഥയിൽ രക്ഷിതാക്കൾക്ക് കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങൾക്ക് തീറ്റ കൊടുക്കാനാവാതാവുമ്പോൾ അവ ശരീരത്തിലെ കൊഴുപ്പുകൊണ്ട് ജീവൻ നിലനിർത്തും.പൂവനും പിടയും ചേർന്നാണ് അടയിരിക്കുന്നതും കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളെ തീറ്റുന്നതും. ==തീറ്റ== മറ്റു ശരപക്ഷികളെപ്പോലെ പറക്കുന്നതിനിടയിൽ പിടിക്കുന്ന പ്രാണികളാണ് ഇവയുടെ ഭക്ഷണം.<ref name= hbw/> ഇവ മറ്റുള്ളവയെ അപേക്ഷിച്ച് കൂടുതൽ ഉയരത്തിലാണ് ഇര തേടുന്നത്. ചൈനയിൽ നടത്തിയ ഒരു പഠനത്തിൽ ഇവ കാർഷികവിളകളുടെയും വനവൃക്ഷങ്ങളുടെയും ശത്രു കീടങ്ങളെ ഭക്ഷിക്കുന്നതായി കണ്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. <ref name= cheng>{{cite journal |last= Cheng |first= Zhaoqin |author2=Zhou, Benxiang |year=1987 |title= Diet analyses of the large white-rumped swift, ''Apus pacificus'', at Chenlushan Island in the Yellow Sea and examination of their pattern of activities by radar | journal= Acta Zoologica Sinica | volume= 33| pages=180–186 | url = |doi=|jstor= |issue=}}</ref> ഈ പക്ഷിയെ''Hirundo pacifica'’ ''എന്നാണ് 1801ൽ ജോൺ ലതാം എന്ന പക്ഷി ശാസ്ത്രഞജ്ഞൻ ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത്.<ref name="latham">Latham (1801) [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/fs1/object/display/bsb10483009_00060.html p. lviii].</ref> ==രൂപവിവരണം== [[File:Apus pacificus -Japan -flying-8.jpg|upright|left|thumb|കൂടിനുള്ള വസ്തുക്കളുമായി , ജപ്പാനിൽ]] 17–18 സെ.മീ. (6.7–7.1 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ള പസഫിക് സ്വിഫ്റ്റ്, Apus ജനുസ്സിലെ സ്വിഫ്റ്റ് പക്ഷികളിൽ ഏറ്റവും വലുതാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ ചിറകുകളുടെ വ്യാപ്തി 43–54 സെ.മീ. (17–21 ഇഞ്ച്) വരെയാണ് <ref name= hbw>Chantler (1999) p. 455.</ref>. പെൺപക്ഷികൾ ആൺപക്ഷികളേക്കാൾ അല്പം ഭാരമുള്ളവയാണ്; പെൺപക്ഷികളുടെ ശരാശരി ഭാരം 44.5 ഗ്രാമും ആൺപക്ഷികളുടെത് 42.5 ഗ്രാമും ആണ് <ref>{{Cite journal |last=CHANTLER |first=ASHLEY |date=1999-03-01 |title=ECHOES OF COWPER IN FRANKENSTEIN |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/46-1-33 |journal=Notes and Queries |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=33–34 |doi=10.1093/nq/46-1-33 |issn=1471-6941}}</ref> . ആകൃതിയിൽ ഇത് മലങ്കൂളനോട് (''Common Swift'') സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണെങ്കിലും, ഇതിന് കുറച്ചുകൂടി നീളം കൂടിയ ചിറകുകളും കൂടുതൽ മുന്നോട്ട് നീണ്ടുനിൽക്കുന്ന തലയും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. വാലിലെ രണ്ടായി പിരിയുന്ന ഭാഗം (fork) കൂടുതൽ ആഴമുള്ളതും, അരക്കെട്ടിലെ (rump) വെള്ളപ്പട്ട കൂടുതൽ വീതിയുള്ളതുമാണ് <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Charles T. |date=1997-01 |title=Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World Phil Chantler Gerald Driessens |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/4089086 |journal=The Auk |volume=114 |issue=1 |pages=152–154 |doi=10.2307/4089086 |issn=0004-8038}}</ref>. മുകൾഭാഗം പ്രധാനമായും കറുത്ത നിറമാണ്. എന്നാൽ അരക്കെട്ടിൽ വ്യക്തമായ വെള്ളപ്പട്ടയും തലയിൽ അല്പം ചാരനിറവും കാണാം. അടിഭാഗവും കറുപ്പാണ്. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, തൂവലുകളുടെ വെള്ള നിറമുള്ള അരികുകൾ കാരണം വയറുഭാഗത്തിന് താഴെനിന്ന് നോക്കുമ്പോൾ ചെതുമ്പൽപോലുള്ള (scaly) അടയാളങ്ങൾ കാണുന്നു. വാലും ചിറകുകളുടെ മുകള്ഭാഗവും കറുപ്പും, ചിറകുകളുടെ അടിഭാഗം തവിട്ടുനിറവുമാണ്. കണ്ണുകൾ തവിട്ടുനിറവും കൊക്കും കാലുകളും കറുത്ത നിറവുമാണ് <ref name="Brazil">Brazil (2009) p. 272.</ref>. ചാര നിറത്തിലുള്ള കഴുത്തും അതിലും ഇരുണ്ട അടിവശവും ഉണ്ട്. ആൺ-പെൺ പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ഒരേ നിറവിന്യാസമാണ്. പ്രായപൂർത്തിയാകാത്ത (juvenile) പക്ഷികൾ മുതിർന്നവരിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്തമാകുന്നത് തൂവലുകളുടെ അരികുകളിൽ ഇളം നിറമുള്ള വരകൾ കാണപ്പെടുന്നതുകൊണ്ടാണ്, പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് ചിറകുകളിൽ. തെക്കൻ ഉപവർഗമായ ''A. p. kurodae''-യ്ക്ക് സാധാരണ ഉപവർഗത്തേക്കാൾ ഇടുങ്ങിയ വെള്ള അരക്കെട്ട് പട്ടയാണ് (15 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ, സാധാരണ രൂപത്തിൽ 20 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ). കൂടാതെ ഇതിന് ചാരനിറത്തിലുള്ള തൊണ്ടയും കൂടുതൽ കറുത്ത അടിഭാഗവുമുണ്ട് <ref>{{Citation|title=Index|date=2000|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012109840-7/50014-x|work=Biology in Physics|pages=235–237|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-109840-7|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. പ്രവാസ സ്വഭാവമുള്ള ''Apus'' സ്വിഫ്റ്റുകളുടെ കുഞ്ഞുപക്ഷികൾ യാത്ര ആരംഭിക്കുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് ഭാഗികമായി തൂവൽമാറ്റം (moult) നടത്തുന്നു. എന്നാൽ വലിയ ചിറകുതൂവലുകൾ അവ നിലനിർത്തും. പൂർണ്ണമായ തൂവൽമാറ്റം ശൈത്യകാല വാസസ്ഥലങ്ങളിൽ പൂർത്തിയാകുന്നു. അപ്പോൾ മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികൾക്ക് സമ്പൂർണ്ണ തൂവൽമാറ്റം സംഭവിച്ചിരിക്കും. ==വിതരണം== പൂർവ[[ഏഷ്യ]]യിൽ പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു. തണുപ്പുകാലത്ത് തെക്കു കിഴക്കെ ഏഷ്യ, ആസ്ത്രേലിയ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലേക്ക് ദേശാടനം നടത്തുന്നു. ദക്ഷിണ [[ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ]], [[മെലാനേഷ്യ]], [[ആസ്ത്രേലിയ]], [[ടാൻസ്മാനിയ]], [[സുമാത്ര]], [[ജാവ (ദ്വീപ്)|ജാവ]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലേക്കും ദേശാടനം നടത്താറുണ്ട്.<ref name = clem>{{cite web| author = | title= Updates & Corrections - August 2011 | work= The Clements Checklist | url=http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/updates-corrections-august-2011 | publisher=Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology| accessdate =26 June 2013 | archiveurl= | archivedate= |url-status=live }}</ref> ഇവയെ [[ന്യുസിലാന്റ്]], [[ബ്രുണൈ]], [[മാലി ദ്വീപ്]], [[സീഷെൽസ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[File:Apus pacificus -Japan -flying-8 (2).jpg|thumb| ജപ്പാനിൽ, കൂടുണ്ടാക്കാനുള്ള വസ്തുക്കളുമായി]] ==അവലംബം== {{reflist|30em}} {{commons category|Apus pacificus}} {{wikispecies|Apus pacificus}} * {{cite book | last= Brazil | first= Mark | year= 2009| title= Birds of East Asia| url = |publisher = A & C Black | location =London | isbn = 0-7136-7040-1}} * {{cite book | editor1-last= del Hoyo | editor1-first= Josep | editor2-last= Elliott | editor2-first= Andrew | editor3-last= Sargatal | editor3-first= Jordi | title= Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds | last=Chantler | first= Phillip | year=1999 | chapter= Family Apodidae (Swifts) | publisher=Lynx Edicions | place=Barcelona, Spain | isbn= 84-87334-25-3 }} * {{cite book | last= Chantler | first= Phillip |author2=Driessens, Gerard | year= 2000| title= Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World | url = |publisher = Pica Press | location = London | isbn =1-873403-83-6 }} * {{cite book| last= van Duivendijk | first= Nils | year=2011 | title= Advanced Bird ID Handbook: The Western Palearctic | url = |publisher = New Holland | location = London| isbn = 1-78009-022-6 }} * {{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url = |publisher = Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 }} * {{cite book | last= Kaufman | first= Kenn | year=2001 | title=Lives of North American Birds| url = |publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | location = Oxford| isbn =0-618-15988-6 }} * {{cite book | last= Latham | first= John | year= 1801| title= Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae |language = Latin| url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2vZAAAAAcAAJ|publisher = Leigh et Sotheby | location =Londoni | isbn = }} * {{cite book | last= Peterson | first= Paul | author2=Atyeo, Warren T |author3=Moss, W Wayne | year= 2007| title= Feather Mite Family Eustathiidae (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes): Monographs of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No. 21 | url = |publisher = Academy of Natural Sciences | location = Philadelphia | isbn =1-4223-1927-X }} * {{cite book | last= Scopoli | first= Giovanni Antonio | year= 1777| title= Introductio ad Historianum naturalem |language = Latin| url = |publisher =Wolfgangum Gerle | location = Prague | isbn = }} * {{cite book | last= Simpson | first=Ken |author2=Day, Nicolas | year=2010 | title= A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, 8th Edition | url =https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird0000unse_c1p6|publisher = Penguin | location =London | isbn = 978-0-670-07231-6}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:നേപ്പാളിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] l6fh7x06wnk4moo4h54lqt8mk5j1ucm 0 333069 4644291 4616289 2026-07-08T03:02:59Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Casuarinaceae}} {{Taxobox | name = കസുവാറിനേസീ | image = Casuarina equisetifolia - Cabanas de Tavira Portugal 03.JPG | image_caption = [[കാറ്റാടിമരം]] | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] | ordo = [[Fagales]] | familia = '''Casuarinaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APGIII2009/> | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] | subdivision = * ''[[Allocasuarina]]'' {{Au|[[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]]}} * ''[[Casuarina]]'' {{Au|[[L.]]}} * ''[[Ceuthostoma]]'' {{Au|L.A.S.Johnson}} * ''[[Gymnostoma]]'' {{Au|L.A.S.Johnson}} }} നാല് [[ജനുസ്|ജനുസുകളിലായി]] ഏതാണ്ട് 70 [[സ്പീഷിസ്]] മരങ്ങളും കുറ്റിച്ചെടികളും ഉള്ള, [[സപുഷ്പി]]സസ്യങ്ങളിലെ ഒരു [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബമാണ്]] '''കസുവാറിനേസീ (Casuarinaceae)'''. [[Australia|ആസ്ത്രേലിയ]], [[Southeast Asia|തെക്കു-കിഴക്കേഷ്യ]], [[Malesia|മലേഷ്യ]], [[Papuasia|പാപ്പു‌വേഷ്യ]], [[Pacific Islands|പസഫിക് ദ്വീപസമൂഹങ്ങൾ]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ [[endemism|തദ്ദേശ]] സസ്യകുടുംബമാണിത്. [[Casuarina|കസുവാറിന]] എന്ന ഒറ്റ ജനുസിൽ പെടുത്തിയിരുന്ന ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ അംഗങ്ങളെ [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|ലോറി എ എസ് ജോൺസൺ]] 1980 -ലും 1982 -ലും [[Gymnostoma|ജിംനോസ്റ്റോമ]],<ref name=Johnson1980Casuarinaceae/><ref name=Johnson1982Casuarinaceae/> 1982 -ൽ [[Allocasuarina|അലോകസുവാറിന]],<ref name=Johnson1982Casuarinaceae/> 1988- ൽ [[Ceuthostoma|സ്യൂതോസ്റ്റൊമ]] എന്നിങ്ങനെ വേർതിരിക്കുകയും ഓരോ ജനുസുകളിലെയും സ്പീഷിസുകൾക്ക് വിവരണങ്ങൾ നൽകുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name=Johnson1988Casuarinaceae/> 2003-ൽ ഈ കുടുംബത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള് പതനത്തിൽ ഈ ജനുസുകളുടെ Monophyly ക്ക് പിന്തുണ കിട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name=2003Phylogenetics/> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal | last= Angiosperm Phylogeny Group | year= 2009 | title= An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III | journal= Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | volume= 161 | issue= 2 | pages= 105–121 | url= http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF | accessdate= 22 Dec 2013 | doi= 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x | archive-date= 2017-05-25 | archive-url= https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract | url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref name=Johnson1980Casuarinaceae> {{Cite journal | last1= Johnson | first1= Lawrie A. S. | year= 1980 | title= Notes on Casuarinaceae | journal= Telopea | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 83–84 | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/apii/ump.show_public_image?v_umo=5811315&quality=ORIGINAL | version= (Online page archive version, link via APNI ''Gymnostoma'' ref's) | format= PDF | accessdate= 22 Dec 2013 }} </ref> <ref name=Johnson1982Casuarinaceae>{{Cite journal | last1= Johnson | first1= Lawrie A. S. | date= 23 Dec 1982 | title= Notes on the Casuarinaceae II | journal= Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens | volume= 6 | issue= 1 | pages= 73–87 | issn= | url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/a1b1242f-9eeb-43c3-b4d5-9f8600b9658b/JABG06P073_Johnson.pdf | format= PDF | accessdate= 22 Dec 2013 | archive-date= 2015-06-10 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150610210411/http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/a1b1242f-9eeb-43c3-b4d5-9f8600b9658b/JABG06P073_Johnson.pdf | url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref name=Johnson1988Casuarinaceae> {{Cite journal | last1= Johnson | first1= Lawrie A. S. | year= 1988 | title= Notes on Casuarinaceae III: The new genus ''Ceuthostoma'' | journal= Telopea | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 133–137 | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/apii/ump.show_public_image?v_umo=5811705&quality=ORIGINAL | version= (Online page archive version, link via APNI ''Ceuthostoma'' ref's) | format= PDF | quote= A synoptic key for the four genera of the family is given. | accessdate= 22 Dec 2013 }} </ref> <ref name=2003Phylogenetics> {{Cite journal | last1=Steane | first1= Dorothy A. | last2= Wilson | first2= Karen L. | last3= Hill | first3= Robert S. | title= Using ''mat''K sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae | journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume= 28 | year= 2003 | pages= 47–59 | url= http://eprints.utas.edu.au/3490/1/Acr664.pdf | format= PDF | doi= 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00028-9 | pmid= 12801471 | accessdate= 22 Dec 2010 }} </ref> }} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *{{Wikispecies-inline|Casuarinaceae}} *{{commonscat-inline|Casuarinaceae}} *[http://www.mpl.ird.fr/rhizo Research team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405055805/http://www.mpl.ird.fr/rhizo |date=2007-04-05 }} from [http://www.ird.fr IRD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815200629/http://www.ird.fr/ |date=2000-08-15 }} working on ''[[Frankia]]''-Casuarinaceae [[mycorrhizal]] and nitrogen-fixing [[symbioses]] {{WS|Casuarinaceae}} {{CC|Casuarinaceae}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} 51ththqxb3twhkuhauq4xmcmbqqx72r 0 334634 4644383 4138037 2026-07-08T09:48:06Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs_Image}} {{Prettyurl|Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis}} {{taxobox |image = |image_caption = |status = VU |status_system = IUCN3.1 |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Cucurbitales]] |familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]] |genus = ''[[Trichosanthes]]'' |species = '''''T. anaimalaiensis''''' |binomial = ''Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis'' |binomial_authority = [[Bedd.]] |}} [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|തെക്കെപശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ]] ഒരു വലിയ വള്ളിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''നെപ്പോടൽ''' അഥവാ '''നാഗത്താലി'''. {{ശാനാ|Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://keralaplants.in/keralaplantsdetails.aspx?id=Trichosanthes_anamalaiensis |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2016-03-26 |archive-date=2016-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425011814/http://keralaplants.in/keralaplantsdetails.aspx?id=Trichosanthes_anamalaiensis |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[പുൽമേടുകൾ|പുൽമേടുകളിലും]] [[Shola|ചോലവനങ്ങളുടെ]] ഓരങ്ങളിലും കാണുന്നു. വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഒരു സസ്യമാണിത്. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{WS|Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis}} {{CC|Trichosanthes anaimalaiensis}} {{Plant-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വള്ളിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുക്കുർബിറ്റേസീ]] k16k9leq4dz7u3kz0azzuv2wbh0u23i 0 336002 4644419 2349886 2026-07-08T11:41:22Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | image = Sir William Muir.jpg | caption = | birth_date = 27 April 1819 | birth_place = [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1905|July|11|1819|April|27|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, United Kingdom | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] }} സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഇസ്ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്ഇന്ത്യയിലെ വടക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഭരണാധികാരിയുമായിരുന്നു '''സർ വില്യം മ്യുയിർ'''<ref>Powell 2010, p. 3</ref> (27 ഏപ്രിൽ 1819 [[ഗ്ലാസ്ഗോ]]– 11 ജൂലൈ 1905).[[റോയൽ ഏഷ്യാറ്റിക് സൊസൈറ്റി]]യുടെ അദ്ധ്യക്ഷനുമായിരുന്നു മ്യുയിർ.<ref>Powell, Avril A. (2010). Scottish orientalists and India: the Muir brothers, religion, education and empire. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84383-579-0.</ref> == ആദ്യകാലം == വ്യാപാരിയായ വില്യം മുയിറിന്റെയും (1783–1820) ഹെലൻ മക്ഫിയുടെയും (1784–1866) മകനായി ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോയിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചത്. ഇൻഡോളജിസ്റ്റും സംസ്‌കൃത പണ്ഡിതനുമായ ജോൺ മുയിറായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൂത്ത സഹോദരൻ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB|title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004-09-23|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35144|pages=ref:odnb/35144|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35144|access-date=2019-12-30|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=B.}}</ref> കിൽമാർനോക്ക് അക്കാദമി, ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോ, എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാലകൾ, ഹെയ്‌ലിബറി കോളേജ് എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി.<ref name="EB1911">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911}}</ref> 1837-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ബംഗാൾ സിവിൽ സർവീസിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ചു. വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഗവർണറുടെ സെക്രട്ടറിയായും ആഗ്ര റവന്യൂ ബോർഡ് അംഗമായും സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു മുയർ, കലാപകാലത്ത് അവിടെ രഹസ്യാന്വേഷണ വകുപ്പിന്റെ ചുമതല വഹിച്ചു. 1865-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഇന്ത്യൻ സർക്കാരിന്റെ വിദേശകാര്യ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി നിയമിതനായി. 1867-ൽ മുയിറിന് നൈറ്റ് പദവി ലഭിക്കുകയും ([[:en:Order_of_the_Star_of_India|K.C.S.I]]), 1868-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ലെഫ്റ്റനന്റ് ഗവർണറായി നിയമിതനാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="powell3">{{harvnb|Powell|2010|p=3}}</ref> ==പുറംകണ്ണികൾ== * {{Gutenberg author | id=Muir,+William,+Sir }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Muir}} * [http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Muir/index.htm Online books by Muir at "Answering Islam Library"] * {{cite DNB12|wstitle=Muir, William|first=George|last=Smith|volume =3}} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഭരണകർത്താക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇസ്ലാമികപണ്ഡിതർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1819-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1905-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] pgnittx2bap55w3fcwcfvfpcdaprhb0 4644420 4644419 2026-07-08T11:45:54Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | image = Sir William Muir.jpg | caption = | birth_date = 27 April 1819 | birth_place = [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1905|July|11|1819|April|27|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, United Kingdom | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] }} സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഇസ്ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്ഇന്ത്യയിലെ വടക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഭരണാധികാരിയുമായിരുന്നു '''സർ വില്യം മ്യുയിർ'''<ref>Powell 2010, p. 3</ref> (27 ഏപ്രിൽ 1819 [[ഗ്ലാസ്ഗോ]]– 11 ജൂലൈ 1905).[[റോയൽ ഏഷ്യാറ്റിക് സൊസൈറ്റി]]യുടെ അദ്ധ്യക്ഷനുമായിരുന്നു മ്യുയിർ.<ref>Powell, Avril A. (2010). Scottish orientalists and India: the Muir brothers, religion, education and empire. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84383-579-0.</ref> == ആദ്യകാലം == വ്യാപാരിയായ വില്യം മുയിറിന്റെയും (1783–1820) ഹെലൻ മക്ഫിയുടെയും (1784–1866) മകനായി ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോയിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചത്. ഇൻഡോളജിസ്റ്റും സംസ്‌കൃത പണ്ഡിതനുമായ ജോൺ മുയിറായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൂത്ത സഹോദരൻ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB|title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004-09-23|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35144|pages=ref:odnb/35144|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35144|access-date=2019-12-30|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=B.}}</ref> കിൽമാർനോക്ക് അക്കാദമി, ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോ, എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാലകൾ, ഹെയ്‌ലിബറി കോളേജ് എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി.<ref name="EB1911">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911}}</ref> 1837-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ബംഗാൾ സിവിൽ സർവീസിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ചു. വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഗവർണറുടെ സെക്രട്ടറിയായും ആഗ്ര റവന്യൂ ബോർഡ് അംഗമായും സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു മുയർ, കലാപകാലത്ത് അവിടെ രഹസ്യാന്വേഷണ വകുപ്പിന്റെ ചുമതല വഹിച്ചു. 1865-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഇന്ത്യൻ സർക്കാരിന്റെ വിദേശകാര്യ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി നിയമിതനായി. 1867-ൽ മുയിറിന് നൈറ്റ് പദവി ലഭിക്കുകയും ([[:en:Order_of_the_Star_of_India|K.C.S.I]]), 1868-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ലെഫ്റ്റനന്റ് ഗവർണറായി നിയമിതനാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="powell3">{{harvnb|Powell|2010|p=3}}</ref> == കുടുംബം == ഇൻഡോളജിസ്റ്റായ ജോൺ മുയിറിന്റെ സഹോദരനായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. 1840-ൽ എലിസബത്ത് ഹണ്ട്ലി വെമിസിനെ (മരണം 1897) വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് അഞ്ച് ആൺമക്കളും ആറ് പെൺമക്കളുമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു; അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ നാല് ആൺമക്കളിൽ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചിരുന്നു. അവരിൽ ഒരാളായ കേണൽ എ. എം. മുയിർ (മരണം 1899) സൗത്ത് ബലൂചിസ്ഥാന്റെ പൊളിറ്റിക്കൽ ഓഫീസറും മരിക്കുമ്പോൾ നേപ്പാളിൽ ആക്ടിംഗ് ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് റെസിഡന്റുമായിരുന്നു.<ref name="EB19112">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911}}</ref> ഒരു മകളായ, ജെയിൻ, കേണൽ ആൻഡ്രൂ വൗച്ചോപ്പിനെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച് എഡിൻബർഗ് കാസിലിൽ താമസിച്ചു.<ref name="athome">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VtIAQAAMAAJ |title=The Woman at Home |date=1895 |publisher=Warwick Magazine Company |page=273 |language=en}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മരുമക്കളിൽ ഒരാൾ സിവിൽ സർവീസ് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥനായ വില്യം ഹെൻറി ലോവ് ആയിരുന്നു.<ref name="Sketches1884">{{cite book |last1=Growse |first1=F. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/bulandshahrorsk00growgoog/page/n78/mode/2up?q=lowe |title=Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District: Social, Historical and Architectural |date=1884 |publisher=Medical Hall Press |location=Benares |page=78 |language=English}}</ref> ==പുറംകണ്ണികൾ== * {{Gutenberg author | id=Muir,+William,+Sir }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Muir}} * [http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Muir/index.htm Online books by Muir at "Answering Islam Library"] * {{cite DNB12|wstitle=Muir, William|first=George|last=Smith|volume =3}} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഭരണകർത്താക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇസ്ലാമികപണ്ഡിതർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1819-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1905-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] mh406eywic2dfzo5459hzx0afyx7m2n 4644421 4644420 2026-07-08T11:49:13Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | image = Sir William Muir.jpg | caption = | birth_date = 27 April 1819 | birth_place = [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1905|July|11|1819|April|27|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, United Kingdom | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] }} സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഇസ്ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്ഇന്ത്യയിലെ വടക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഭരണാധികാരിയുമായിരുന്നു '''സർ വില്യം മ്യുയിർ'''<ref>Powell 2010, p. 3</ref> (27 ഏപ്രിൽ 1819 [[ഗ്ലാസ്ഗോ]]– 11 ജൂലൈ 1905).[[റോയൽ ഏഷ്യാറ്റിക് സൊസൈറ്റി]]യുടെ അദ്ധ്യക്ഷനുമായിരുന്നു മ്യുയിർ.<ref>Powell, Avril A. (2010). Scottish orientalists and India: the Muir brothers, religion, education and empire. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84383-579-0.</ref> == ആദ്യകാലം == വ്യാപാരിയായ വില്യം മുയിറിന്റെയും (1783–1820) ഹെലൻ മക്ഫിയുടെയും (1784–1866) മകനായി ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോയിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചത്. ഇൻഡോളജിസ്റ്റും സംസ്‌കൃത പണ്ഡിതനുമായ ജോൺ മുയിറായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൂത്ത സഹോദരൻ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB|title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004-09-23|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35144|pages=ref:odnb/35144|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35144|access-date=2019-12-30|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=B.}}</ref> കിൽമാർനോക്ക് അക്കാദമി, ഗ്ലാസ്‌ഗോ, എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാലകൾ, ഹെയ്‌ലിബറി കോളേജ് എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി.<ref name="EB1911">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911}}</ref> 1837-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ബംഗാൾ സിവിൽ സർവീസിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ചു. വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ഗവർണറുടെ സെക്രട്ടറിയായും ആഗ്ര റവന്യൂ ബോർഡ് അംഗമായും സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു മുയർ, കലാപകാലത്ത് അവിടെ രഹസ്യാന്വേഷണ വകുപ്പിന്റെ ചുമതല വഹിച്ചു. 1865-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഇന്ത്യൻ സർക്കാരിന്റെ വിദേശകാര്യ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി നിയമിതനായി. 1867-ൽ മുയിറിന് നൈറ്റ് പദവി ലഭിക്കുകയും ([[:en:Order_of_the_Star_of_India|K.C.S.I]]), 1868-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം വടക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറൻ പ്രവിശ്യകളുടെ ലെഫ്റ്റനന്റ് ഗവർണറായി നിയമിതനാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="powell3">{{harvnb|Powell|2010|p=3}}</ref> == പ്രവർത്തനരംഗം == മുസ്ലീം പണ്ഡിതനായിരുന്നു വില്യം മുയിർ. മുഹമ്മദിൻ്റെയും ആദ്യകാല ഖിലാഫത്തിൻ്റെയും ചരിത്രത്തിലായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിൻ്റെ പ്രധാന വൈദഗ്ധ്യം. == കുടുംബം == ഇൻഡോളജിസ്റ്റായ ജോൺ മുയിറിന്റെ സഹോദരനായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. 1840-ൽ എലിസബത്ത് ഹണ്ട്ലി വെമിസിനെ (മരണം 1897) വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് അഞ്ച് ആൺമക്കളും ആറ് പെൺമക്കളുമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു; അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ നാല് ആൺമക്കളിൽ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചിരുന്നു. അവരിൽ ഒരാളായ കേണൽ എ. എം. മുയിർ (മരണം 1899) സൗത്ത് ബലൂചിസ്ഥാന്റെ പൊളിറ്റിക്കൽ ഓഫീസറും മരിക്കുമ്പോൾ നേപ്പാളിൽ ആക്ടിംഗ് ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് റെസിഡന്റുമായിരുന്നു.<ref name="EB19112">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911}}</ref> ഒരു മകളായ, ജെയിൻ, കേണൽ ആൻഡ്രൂ വൗച്ചോപ്പിനെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച് എഡിൻബർഗ് കാസിലിൽ താമസിച്ചു.<ref name="athome">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VtIAQAAMAAJ |title=The Woman at Home |date=1895 |publisher=Warwick Magazine Company |page=273 |language=en}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മരുമക്കളിൽ ഒരാൾ സിവിൽ സർവീസ് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥനായ വില്യം ഹെൻറി ലോവ് ആയിരുന്നു.<ref name="Sketches1884">{{cite book |last1=Growse |first1=F. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/bulandshahrorsk00growgoog/page/n78/mode/2up?q=lowe |title=Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District: Social, Historical and Architectural |date=1884 |publisher=Medical Hall Press |location=Benares |page=78 |language=English}}</ref> ==പുറംകണ്ണികൾ== * {{Gutenberg author | id=Muir,+William,+Sir }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=William Muir}} * [http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Muir/index.htm Online books by Muir at "Answering Islam Library"] * {{cite DNB12|wstitle=Muir, William|first=George|last=Smith|volume =3}} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഭരണകർത്താക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇസ്ലാമികപണ്ഡിതർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1819-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1905-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] pjl1kll4sr1noawk6ob7koj0dy6baen 0 337971 4644251 4642647 2026-07-07T18:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airline |airline = എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് |logo = Air New Zealand logo.svg.png |logo_size = 300 |IATA = NZ |ICAO = ANZ |callsign = NEW ZEALAND |parent = {{nowrap|New Zealand Government (53%)}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Air NZ profit soars 40pc|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11210709|work=New Zealand Herald|accessdate=27 March 2014|date=27 Feb 2014|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110504/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11210709|url-status=dead}}</ref> |founded = {{start date|26 ഏപ്രിൽ 1940}} (ടിയാൽ എന്നപേരിൽ);<ref name="companiesoffice">{{cite web |title= Air New Zealand Limited (104799) -- Companies Office |url= http://www.business.govt.nz/companies/app/ui/pages/companies/104799 |publisher= Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment |accessdate= 7 September 2014}}</ref> |commenced = എപ്രിൽ 1, 1965 |headquarters = വിന്യാർഡ് ക്വാർട്ടർ, [[ഓക്‌ലൻഡ്]],<!--Auckland City is within "Auckland"--> ന്യൂസിലൻഡ്<ref>{{cite web| title=Airline Membership| work=IATA| url=http://www.iata.org/membership/Pages/airline_members_list.aspx?All=true| access-date=2016-05-03| archive-date=2012-05-01| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67LJM2Hr2?url=http://www.iata.org/membership/Pages/airline_members_list.aspx?All=true| url-status=dead}}</ref> |key_people = <div> * ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ ലക്സൺ, സി.ഇ.ഒ<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1206/S00572/air-new-zealand-announces-new-chief-executive-officer.htm |title=Air New Zealand Announces New Chief Executive Officer |publisher=Scoop.co.nz |date=19 June 2012 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> |hubs = </div> *ഓക്‌ലൻഡ് വിമാനത്താവളം *{{nowrap|[[വെല്ലിംഗ്ടൺ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം|വെല്ലിംഗ്ടൺ വിമാനത്താവളം]]}} *{{nowrap|ക്രൈസ്റ്റ്ചർച്ച് വിമാനത്താവളം}} </div> |focus_cities = <div> * ലോസ് ആഞ്ചെലെസ് വിമാനത്താവളം * സിഡ്നി വിമാനത്താവളം <!-- Do not add Brisbane Airport, it is not a focus city of Air New Zealand--> </div> |frequent_flyer = എയർ പോയിന്റ്സ് |ലോഞ്ച് = എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ലൊഞ്ച് |alliance = [[സ്റ്റാർ അലയൻസ്]] |subsidiaries = എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ലിങ്ക് |fleet_size = 106 (incl. subsidiaries) |destinations = 51 (incl. subsidiaries) |revenue = {{increase}} [[New Zealand dollar|NZ$]]4,618 million (2013)<ref name="AirNZfinancial13">{{cite web |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11210709 |title= Air New Zealand&nbsp;– 2013 Annual Financial Report |accessdate= 29 January 2013 |archive-date= 2015-04-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110504/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11210709 |url-status= dead }}</ref> |operating_income = {{increase}} NZ$898m (2013)<ref name="AirNZfinancial13"/> |profit = {{increase}} NZ$327m NET (2015)<ref>{{cite news|title=Air NZ shares record profit with staff|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/business/282436/air-nz-shares-record-profit-with-staff|accessdate=28 August 2015|publisher=Radio New Zealand|date=26 August 2015}}</ref> |assets = NZ$5,612M (2013)<ref name="AirNZfinancial13"/> |equity = NZ$1,816M (2013)<ref name="AirNZfinancial13"/> |num_employees = 10,861 (June, 2015) }} [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസിലൻഡിന്റെ]] ദേശീയ എയർലൈൻ ആണ് '''എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ്'''. 1940ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ ഈ എയർലൈൻ ന്യൂസിലൻഡിലെ [[ഓക്‌ലൻഡ്]] ആസ്ഥാനമായാണ് പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നത്.16 രാജ്യങ്ങളിലെ 51 സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലേക്ക് നിലവിൽ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് എയർലൈൻ യാത്രക്കാരെയും കാർഗോയും എത്തിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്<ref name=star>{{cite web|title=Air New Zealand: Facts & Figures|publisher=Star Alliance|url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/air-new-zealand/}}</ref> . ഓക്‌ലൻഡ്, [[വെല്ലിംഗ്ടൺ]], [[ക്രൈസ്റ്റ്‌ചർച്ച്‍]] വിമാനത്താവളങ്ങൾ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങളാക്കിയാണ് ഈ എയർലൈൻ സർവീസുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത്. 2010,2012 വർഷങ്ങളിൽ എയർ ട്രാൻസ്പോർട്ട് വേൾഡിന്റെ മികച്ച എയർലൈനുള്ള പുരസ്കാരം എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് സ്വന്തമാക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്<ref name="ATW Airline of the Year 2012">{{cite web|last=Walker|first=Karen|title=ATW names Air New Zealand 2012 Airline of the Year|url=http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/atw-names-air-new-zealand-2012-airline-year-0109|publisher=Air Transport World|accessdate=10 January 2012|date=10 January 2012}}</ref>. ==ചരിത്രം== 1940ൽ ടിയാൽ (ടാസ്മാൻ എമ്പയർ എയർവെയ്സ് ലിമിറ്റഡ്) എന്ന പേരിലാണ് എയർ ന്യൂസിലന്റിന്റെ ആരംഭം. രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധകാലത്ത് [[ഓക്‌ലൻഡ്]]- [[സിഡ്നി]] നഗരങ്ങളെ ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് പ്രതിവാര വിമാന സർവീസുകൾ മാത്രമാണ് ടിയാൽ നടത്തിയിരുന്നത്. പിന്നീട് [[വെല്ലിംഗ്ടൺ]] , [[ഫിജി]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലേക്കും സർവീസ് വ്യാപിപിച്ചു. ന്യൂസീലന്റ്, ഓസ്ട്രേലിയൻ ഗവർണ്മെന്റുകൾക്ക് അന്ന് ടിയാലിൽ തുല്യ ഓഹരിയാണ് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്<ref name="CompanyHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.airnz.co.nz/resources/company_history_feb_06.pdf|title=Air New Zealand History|format=PDF|accessdate=28 February 2007|publisher=Air New Zealand|archive-date=2007-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621151238/http://www.airnz.co.nz/resources/company_history_feb_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>. 1965ൽ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയുടെ ഓഹരി കൂടി സ്വന്തമാക്കിയ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ടിയാലിനെ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ആക്കി മാറ്റി.1978ൽ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ ദേശീയ എയർലൈൻ ആയി മാറി. 1981ൽ ആദ്യ ബോയിങ് 747 വിമാനം സ്വന്തമാക്കിയ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ലോസേഞ്ചൽസ് വഴി [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിലേക്ക്]] വിമാന സർവീസ് ആരംഭിച്ചു.1999ൽ[[സ്റ്റാർ അലയൻസ്|സ്റ്റാർ അലയൻസിൽ]] അംഗമായ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ഇന്ന് ലോകത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ കോണുകളിലേക്ക് വിമാന സർവീസുകൾ നടത്തുന്നുണ്ട്<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airnewzealand.co.nz/monthly-operating-data |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-date=2016-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430020625/http://www.airnewzealand.co.nz/monthly-operating-data |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ==ലക്ഷ്യസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ== [[File:ZK-OXB NZ510 NZAA 0696 (9960722725) (4).jpg|thumb|എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡിന്റെ എയർബസ് എ-320.]] 22 ആഭ്യന്തര വിമാനത്താവളങ്ങളിലേക്കും ഏഷ്യ,യൂറോപ്പ്, അമേരിക്ക,ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ തുടങ്ങിയ വൻകരകളിലെ 29 വിമാനത്താവളങ്ങളിലേക്കും നിലവിൽ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് സർവീസ് നടത്തുന്നുണ്ട്. [[ബ്യൂണസ് ഐറീസ്]], [[ടോക്കിയോ]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11120756|title=Air NZ boosts charter flights to Japan|work=The New Zealand Herald}}</ref> , [[ലണ്ടൻ]], [[ലോസ് ആഞ്ചെലെസ്]] ,[[ഷാങ്ഹായ്]], വാൻകൂവർ, [[മെൽബൺ]] തുടങ്ങിയവയാണ് നിലവിലെ എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ലക്ഷ്യസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ. 2016 ജൂൺ മുതൽ [[തൻ സോൻ ന്യത് അന്താരാഷ്ട്രവിമാനത്താവളം|ഹോചിമിൻ വിമാനത്താവളത്തിലേക്കും]] 2016 നവംബർ മുതൽ [[മനില]]യിലേക്കും എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് വിമാനസർവ്വീസുകൾ ആരംഭിക്കും<ref>{{cite web |first= Grant |last= Bradley |date= 13 November 2015 |title= Air New Zealand confirms Vietnam flights |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11544340 |publisher= The New Zealand Herald |accessdate= 20 November 2015 |archive-date= 2016-03-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160322075626/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11544340 |url-status= dead }}</ref>. 2016 ഏപ്രിലിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ രാഷ്ട്രപതി [[പ്രണബ് മുഖർജി]]യുടെ ന്യൂസീലൻഡ് സന്ദർശനത്തിനിടെ നടപ്പാക്കിയ ധാരണപ്രകാരം [[എയർ ഇന്ത്യ]], എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ്, സിംഗപ്പൂർ എയർലൈൻസ് എന്നീ വിമാനക്കമ്പനികൾ ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഏഴ് നഗരങ്ങളെ ന്യൂസിലൻഡുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചുകൊണ്ടുള്ള സർവ്വീസുകൾ തുടങ്ങാൻ ധാരണയായിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[ഇന്ദിരാഗാന്ധി അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം|ഡെൽഹി]], [[ഛത്രപതി ശിവാജി അന്താരാഷ്ട്രവിമാനത്താവളം|മുംബൈ]], [[ബെംഗലൂരു അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം|ബെംഗളുരു]], [[നേതാജി സുഭാഷ് ചന്ദ്രബോസ് അന്താരാഷ്ട്രവിമാനത്താവളം|കൊൽക്കത്ത]], [[ഹൈദരാബാദ് അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം|ഹൈദരാബാദ്]], [[കൊച്ചി അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം|കൊച്ചി]], [[ചെന്നൈ അന്താരാഷ്ട്രവിമാനത്താവളം|ചെന്നൈ]] എന്നീ വിമാനത്താവളങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് ന്യൂസിലൻഡിലേക്ക് എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ്, എയർ ഇന്ത്യ, സിംഗപ്പൂർ എയർലൈൻസ് എന്നീ എയർലൈനുകൾ സർവീസ് നടത്തുക<ref>{{cite web |first= hamish |last= fletcher |date= 1 May 2016 |title= Deal opens passage for flights to India |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11631764&ref=NZH_FBpage |publisher= The New Zealand Herald |accessdate= 1 May 2016 }}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ജൂലൈ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. ==വിമാനങ്ങൾ== [[File:Air New Zealand Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner landing at Perth Airport.jpg|thumb|എയർ ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് ബോയിങ് 787-9 ഡ്രീംലൈനർ വിമാനം]] 116 വിമാനങ്ങളുപയോഗിച്ചാണ് എയർ ന്യൂസീലൻഡ് നിലവിൽ സർവീസുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത്.ആഭ്യന്തര, ഹ്രസ്വദൂര സർവീസുകൾ [[എയർബസ്]] 320-232, എയർബസ് 320 നിയോ, എയർബസ് 321 നിയോ, എ.റ്റി.ആർ-72, ബൊംബാർഡിയർ ക്യൂ 300 എന്നീ വിമാനങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ടും, ദീർഘ ദൂര സർവീസുകൾ [[ബോയിങ്]] 777-200, ബോയിങ്ങ് 777-300, ബോയിങ് 787-9 ഡ്രീംലൈനർ എന്നീ വിമാനങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചുമാണ് നടത്തുന്നത്<ref name="AirNZ_Fleet">{{cite web|url=http://www.airnewzealand.co.nz/fleet|title=Operating Fleet |date=29 February 2020|website=|publisher=Air New Zealand|accessdate=9 March 2020}}</ref>.[[കൊറോണ വൈറസ് രോഗം 2019|2019 ലെ കൊറോണ വൈറസ് വ്യാപനത്തെ]] തുടർന്ന് വ്യോമയാനരംഗത്തുണ്ടായ നഷ്ടം നികത്തുന്നതിന്റെ ഭാഗമായി 2021 സെപ്തംബർ വരെ തങ്ങളുടെ ബോയിങ് 777 വിമാനങ്ങൾ സർവീസിൽ നിന്നും എയർ ന്യൂസീലൻഡ് പിൻവലിച്ചു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commonscat-inline|Air New Zealand}} * {{official website|http://www.airnewzealand.com/gateway}} * [http://www.youtube.com/user/airnewzealand Air New Zealand] at [[YouTube]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വിമാനസർവീസുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വ്യോമഗതാഗത സംഘടനയിലെ അംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്റ്റാർ അലയൻസ് അംഗങ്ങൾ]] 1vrabwlnznw1lvcaoxzd1onf69nw10y 0 338053 4644272 3341929 2026-07-07T21:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Icacinaceae}} {{Taxobox | name = ഐക്കാസിനേസീ | image = Nothapodytes nimmoniana.jpg | image_caption = ''[[പീനാറി]]'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterid]]s | ordo = (unplaced) | familia = '''Icacinaceae''' |familia_authority = [[John Miers (botanist)|Miers]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. }} സപുഷ്പികളിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു സസ്യകുടുംബമാണ് '''ഐക്കാസിനേസീ''' ('''Icacinaceae''').<ref name="icacinaceae">"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below).</ref> ഈ സസ്യകുടുംബത്തിൽ [[വൃക്ഷം|വൃക്ഷങ്ങളും]], [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി|കുറ്റിച്ചെടികളും]], [[ആരോഹി|ആരോഹികളും]] കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. [[ഉഷ്ണമേഖല|ഉഷ്ണമേഖല പ്രദേശത്താണ്]] ഇവ സാധാരണയായി വളരുന്നത്. [[വെള്ളയോടൽ]], [[പീനാറി]], [[പുളിപ്പച്ച]], [[കരിനീലി]] തുടങ്ങിയവ ഈ സസ്യകുടുംബത്തിലെ അംഗങ്ങളാണ്. ==സവിശേഷതകൾ== ഇവയുടെ [[ഇല|ഇലകൾ]] വിപരീതമായി ക്രമീകരിച്ചതും, ലഘുപത്രത്തോടുകൂടിയവയോ ഹസ്തകബഹുപത്രങ്ങങ്ങളോടു കൂടിയവയോ ആണ്. ഏകാന്തരന്യാസത്തിൽ (alternate) ക്രമീകരിക്കപ്പെട്ടതും, സിരാവിന്യാസം ജാലികാസിരാവിന്യാസത്തോടു കൂടിയവയോ ഹസ്തക സിരാവിന്യാസത്തോടു കൂടിയവയോ ആണ്. ഇലവക്കുകൾ പൂർണ്ണമായും ദാന്തുരമായും കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. പത്രവൃന്തത്തിന്റെ അടിയിലായി ഉപപർണ്ണങ്ങൾ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. സാധാരണയായി ശിഖിരങ്ങളുടെ അഗ്രഭാഗങ്ങളിലായാണ് ഇവയുടെ [[പൂവ്|പൂക്കൾ]] ഉണ്ടാകുന്നത്, എന്നാൽ ചില സ്പീഷിസുകളിൽ ഇലകൾക്കു വിപരീതമായും പൂക്കൾ കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. മിക്ക സ്പീഷിസുകളുടേയും പൂക്കൾ ദ്വിലിംഗ സ്വഭാവത്തോടു കൂടിയവയാണ്, ചില സ്പീഷിസുകൾക്ക് ഏകലിംഗ പുഷ്പങ്ങളാണുള്ളത്.  == ജീനസ്സുകൾ == {| style="margin-bottom: 10px;" border="0" | valign="top" | *[[Alsodeiopsis]] *[[Casimirella]] *[[Chlamydocarya]] *[[Desmostachys]] *[[Hosiea]] *[[Icacina]] *[[Iodes]] *[[Lavigeria]] *[[Leretia]] *[[Mappia]] *[[Mappianthus]] *[[Merrilliodendron]] *[[Miquelia]] *[[Natsiatopsis]] *[[Natsiatum]] *[[Nothapodytes]] *[[Phytocrene]] *[[Pittosporopsis]] *[[Pleurisanthes]] *[[Polycephalium]] *[[Polyporandra]] *[[Pyrenacantha]] *[[Rhyticaryum]] *[[Sarcostigma]] *[[Sleumeria]] *[[Stachyanthus]] *[[Cassinopsis]] *[[Emmotum]] *[[Oecopetalum]] *[[Ottoschulzia]] *[[Poraqueiba]] *[[Calatola]] *[[Platea]] *[[Apodytes]] *[[Rhaphiostylis]] |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/garryalesweb.htm#Icacinaceae Icacinaceae] At: [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html Angiosperm Phylogeny Website] At: [http://www.mobot.org Missouri Botanical Garden Website] * [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13697#705 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18:671 (1841)] * [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19648#242 Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (1852)] * [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002245170 Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. 1897] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719231925/http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002245170 |date=2014-07-19 }} {{WS|Icacinaceae}} {{CC|Icacinaceae}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഐക്കാസിനേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആസ്റ്റെറിഡ് കുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} b4hvnu9wpoa526a1ns7loraacimwos4 0 342647 4644271 4632929 2026-07-07T20:13:13Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs Image}} ഇത് &nbsp;ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിൽക്കപ്പെട്ട സംഗീത ആൽബങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു പട്ടികയാണ്.ഈ പട്ടികയിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ള ആൽബങ്ങളുടെ കണക്കു വിവരങ്ങൾ വിശ്വസനീയമായ സ്രോതസ്സ് വഴി പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളതാണ് .ഈ പട്ടികയിൽ നല്കിയ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ലോകവ്യാപകമായി കുറഞ്ഞത് 20 ദശലക്ഷം കോപ്പികൾ വിറ്റഴിക്കപ്പെട്ടതാകുന്നു .ഈ പട്ടിക സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ, വലിയ ഹിറ്റുകൾ, സമാഹാരങ്ങൾ, വിവിധ കലാകാരന്മാർ, ചലച്ചിത്രഗാനങ്ങൾ, റീമിക്സുകൾ എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതുതരം ആൽബങ്ങളും ചേർക്കാവുന്നതാണ്. കണക്കുകൾ പ്രകാരം [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]]ന്റെ [[ത്രില്ലർ]] ആൽബം, ലോകവ്യാപകമായി 65 ദശലക്ഷം കോപ്പികൾ വിറ്റുവരവോടെ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിൽക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ആൽബം ആണ്. എന്നാൽ ചില കണക്കുകൾ ത്രില്ലർ 110 ദശലക്ഷത്തിലേറെ വിറ്റഴിക്കപെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ടെന്ന് വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. നിലവിൽ അഞ്ച് ആൽബങ്ങളുമായി ജാക്സൺ ആണ് ഈ പട്ടികയിൽ മുന്നിൽ , [[മഡോണ]]യ്ക്ക് നാലും [[ദി ബീറ്റിൽസ്]] , [[ഷാനിയ ട്വയിൻ]], [[സെലീൻ ഡിയോൺ]] എന്നിവർക്കു&nbsp; മൂന്നു വീതവും കുറഞ്ഞത് 20 ദശലക്ഷവും വിറ്റഴിച്ച ആൽബങ്ങളുണ്ട്. == ഇതിഹാസം == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" style="background: #EEF7FF" |colors |- |സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബം |- |വലിയ ഹിറ്റുകളും മറ്റു സമാഹാരങ്ങളും |- |ചലച്ചിത്രഗാനങ്ങൾ |- |തത്സമയ ആൽബം |} ==40 ദശലക്ഷവും അതിലധികവും== {|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" |-style="background:#e8e8e8;" !scope="col"|Artist !scope="col"|Album !scope="col"|Released !scope="col"|Genre !scope="col"|[[Music recording sales certification]]<br/>[[List of music recording certifications]] (millions) !scope="col"|Claimed sales (millions) |- |-style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]] | ''[[ത്രില്ലർ]]'' | 1982 | [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rock music|rock]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] | {{ntsh|42.434}} {{hidden | 48.1 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 32 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"> {{cite web | url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database | title=RIAA: Searchable Database | publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] | accessdate=March 13, 2016}} </ref> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 1.8 million<ref name="The Record"> {{cite web | url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/issue/record/ | title=Publications > The Record | work=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]] | language=Japanese | accessdate=July 16, 2013}} </ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 4.27 million<ref name="BPI certifications">{{cite web | url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx | title=Certified Awards Search | publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]] | accessdate=February 17, 2014 | archive-date=2017-07-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710164143/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.5 million<ref name="German Certification Database"> {{cite certification | title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank | region=Germany | accessdate=December 6, 2011}} </ref> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"> {{cite web | url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Certif_Album.php | title=InfoDisc: Les Certifications depuis 1973 | trans_title=InfoDisc: Certifications from 1973 | language=French | publisher=InfoDisc.fr | work=''Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique'' | accessdate=September 15, 2009}} </ref> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database">{{cite web | url=http://www.musiccanada.com/gpSearchResult.aspx | title=Music Canada: Gold & Platinum search | publisher=[[Music Canada]] | accessdate=November 22, 2011 | archive-date=2012-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017073358/http://www.musiccanada.com/GPSearchResult.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 1.12 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"> {{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm | title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | accessdate=2013}} </ref> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 1.6 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database">{{cite web | url=http://www.amprofon.com.mx/certificaciones.php?item=menuCert&contenido=certificados | title=AMPROFON: Certificaciones | publisher=[[AMPROFON]] | accessdate=November 22, 2011 | archive-date=2012-01-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125213818/http://www.amprofon.com.mx/certificaciones.php?item=menuCert&contenido=certificados | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 800,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications">{{cite web | url=http://www.nvpi.nl/goud-platina-overzicht/audio#resultaat | title=Dutch Certifications | publisher=[[NVPI]] | language=Dutch | accessdate=December 7, 2011 | archive-date=2012-02-12 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65OsK5Fu7?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/goud-platina-overzicht/audio#resultaat | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 100,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database">{{cite web | url=http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni.php | title=F.I.M.I: Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana | language=Italian | publisher=[[Federation of the Italian Music Industry]] | work=Federation of the Italian Music Industry | accessdate=November 24, 2011 | archive-date=2014-02-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213164346/http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 400,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications">{{cite web | url=http://www.ifpi.se/?page_id=67 | title=Guld & Platina IFPI | trans_title=Gold & Platinum IFPI | language=Swedish | publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|International Federation of the Phonographic Industry – Sweden]] | accessdate=September 15, 2009 | archive-date=2012-02-17 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65Vvss8WJ?url=http://www.ifpi.se/?page_id=67 | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 500,000<ref name="CAPIF Diamond awards"> {{cite web | url=http://www.capif.org.ar/default.asp?CodOp=DILP&CO=2 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318194333/http://www.capif.org.ar/default.asp?CodOp=DILP&CO=2 | archivedate=March 18, 2005 | title=Premio Diamante: Los premiados | publisher=[[CAPIF]] | language=Spanish | accessdate=September 16, 2012}} </ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 300,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"> {{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/search_certifications.asp?search | title=Hitparade.ch: Edelmetall | publisher=Hung Medien | work=[[Schweizer Hitparade]] | accessdate=November 22, 2011}} </ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 400,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications">{{cite web | url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin | title=IFPI Austria : Gold & Platin | language=German | publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] | accessdate=September 15, 2009 | archive-date=2008-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 119,061<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"> {{cite web | url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt | title=Tilastot: Kulta- ja platinalevyt | publisher=[[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland]] | accessdate=October 3, 2011}} </ref> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 180,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications">{{cite web | url=http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/oldchart.asp | title=RIANZ: The Official New Zealand Music Chart | publisher=[[RIANZ]] | accessdate=December 18, 2011 | archive-date=2013-11-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127021121/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/oldchart.asp | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"> {{Cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195913/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=61 | archivedate=June 24, 2011 | accessdate=July 30, 2012 | title=Gold / Platinum Albums | publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=61}} </ref> * [[IFPI|IFPI HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.ifpihk.org/content-page/award | title=IFPIHKG Awards | publisher=[[IFPI]] | accessdate=January 16, 2013 | archive-date=2012-12-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226064748/http://www.ifpihk.org/content-page/award | url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | 65<ref name="Guinness for Biggest-selling album ever"> {{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/6812781/michael-jackson-thriller-30x-multi-platinum-album | title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Becomes First-Ever 30 Times Multi-Platinum Album: Exclusive | editor=Colin Stutz | work=Billboard | accessdate=December 16, 2015}} </ref><ref name="CNN June 25"/><ref name="The Baby Boomer Encyclopedia"/> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[എസി/ഡിസി]] | ''[[Back in Black]]'' | 1980 | [[Hard rock]] | {{ntsh|25.9}} {{hidden | 25.9 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 22 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 100,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 600,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 840,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 50,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 160,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 100,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 50,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/>}} | 50<ref> {{Cite news | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/album-review/6642057/acdc-back-35-years-classic-track-by-track-album-review | title=AC/DC's 'Back In Black' at 35: Classic Track-by-Track Album Review | last=Partridge | first=Kenneth | work=Billboard | date=July 25, 2015 | accessdate=July 31, 2015}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[പിങ്ക് ഫ്ലോയ്ഡ്]] | ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' | 1973 | [[Progressive rock]] | {{ntsh|22.71}} {{hidden | 22.7 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 15 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2.7 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 400,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 980,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 100,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"> {{cite web | url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706084844/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | archivedate=July 6, 2011 | title=Discos de oro y platino | accessdate=September 16, 2012 | publisher=[[Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas]] | language=Spanish}} </ref> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 70,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present">{{cite web | url=http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php | title=Polish certification awards 1995–present | publisher=[[ZPAV]] | language=Polish | accessdate=September 13, 2011 | archive-date=2013-10-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014040536/http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 240,000<ref name="Seven Top Certified New Zealand Albums 2007"> {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyU5AQAAIAAJ&q=x+platinum | author=Scapolo, Dean | title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006 | publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-877443-00-8}} </ref>}} | 45<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/1552399/pink-floyd-the-dark-side-of-the-moon-at-40-classic-track-by-track-review | title=Pink Floyd, 'The Dark Side of the Moon' At 40: Classic Track-By-Track Review | first=Richard | last=Smirke | publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date=March 16, 2013 | accessdate=June 28, 2013}} </ref><ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/mar/11/pink-floyd-court-victory-emi-downloads-ringtones | title=Pink Floyd score victory for the concept album in court battle over ringtones | first=Robert | last=Booth | publisher=[[The Guardian]] | date=March 11, 2010 | accessdate=March 5, 2013 | location=London}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | [[വിറ്റ്നി ഹ്യൂസ്റ്റൺ]] / Various artists | ''[[The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album|The Bodyguard]]'' | 1992 | Soundtrack/R&B, [[soul music|soul]], pop | {{ntsh|27.346}} {{hidden | 27.4 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 17 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 2 million<ref name="RIAJ History 1990-1999">{{cite web | url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html | title=Recording Industry Association of Japan - The History of music recordings industry during the 1990s | language=Japanese | publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]] | accessdate=August 27, 2012 | archive-date=2012-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214001349/http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2.1 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.5 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 350,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 750,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database">{{cite web | url=http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp | title=ABPD: Certificados | publisher=[[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos]] | accessdate=April 10, 2013 | language=Portuguese | archive-date=2015-05-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506192749/http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 100,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 100,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 500,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications ">{{cite web|url=http://promusicae.es/english.html|title=Spanish Certifications|publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]|language=es|accessdate=2011-12-07|archive-date=2012-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 240,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 250,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 200,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 200,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"> {{cite certification | region=Norway | type=album | relyear=1992 | certyear=1994 | accessdate=July 30, 2012}} </ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 92,500<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/>}} | 44<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thewrap.com/deal-central/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback-5711/ |title=Is It Too Late for Whitney's Comeback? |last=Patten |first=Dominic |publisher=[[TheWrap]] |date=August 31, 2009 |accessdate=October 25, 2014 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410121938/https://www.thewrap.com/deal-central/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback-5711/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Meat Loaf]] | ''[[Bat Out of Hell]]'' | 1977 | Hard rock, progressive rock | {{ntsh|20.605}} {{hidden | 20.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 14 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2.1 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 1.68 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 255,000<ref name="Seven Top Certified New Zealand Albums 2007"/>}} | 43<ref> {{cite web | url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/meat-loaf-bat-out-of-hell-released/ | title=35 Years Ago: Meat Loaf’s ‘Bat Out of Hell’ Released | first=Sterling | last=Whitaker | publisher=Ultimate Classic Rock | date= October 21, 2012 | accessdate=December 28, 2014}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[ഈഗിൾസ്]] | ''[[Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)]]'' | 1976 | [[Rock music|Rock]], [[soft rock]], [[folk rock]] | {{ntsh|32.18}} {{hidden | 32.2 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 29 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 600,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 560,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|IFPI HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 42<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2012/05/07/26378/glenn-freys-new-album/ | title=Eagles founder Glenn Frey releases an album of classic, jazzy songs | last=Morrison | first=Pat | publisher=[[KPCC|Southern California Public Radio]] | date=May 7, 2012 | accessdate=December 3, 2012 | archive-date=2013-11-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102083907/http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2012/05/07/26378/glenn-freys-new-album/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.houstonseagle.com/news/entertainment/music/eagle-commemorates-eagles-greatest-hits/nH6pZ/ | title=Houston's Eagle Celebrates Eagles: Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) | author=HoustonsEagle.com | publisher=[[Cox Media Group]] | date=February 16, 2012 | accessdate=December 3, 2012 | archive-date=2014-10-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028094251/http://www.houstonseagle.com/news/entertainment/music/eagle-commemorates-eagles-greatest-hits/nH6pZ/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | [[Bee Gees]] / Various artists | ''[[Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack)|Saturday Night Fever]]'' | 1977 | [[Disco]] | {{ntsh|18.97}} {{hidden | 19 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 15 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 500,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.5 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 200,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 770,000<ref> {{cite web | url=http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=40351 | title=Top 200 Highest Selling Albums in Australia | author=BigKev | work=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | publisher=Hung Medien | date=December 14, 2012 | accessdate=June 22, 2013}} </ref> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 40<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1685455/bee-gees-robin-gibb-dead-died-62.jhtml | title=Bee Gees' Robin Gibb Dead At 62 | first=Katie | last=Byrne | publisher=[[MTV]] | date=May 20, 2012 | accessdate=March 5, 2013 | archive-date=2013-04-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419164046/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1685455/bee-gees-robin-gibb-dead-died-62.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030112&slug=gibb12 | title=Maurice Gibb, 53, of disco's Bee Gees: 'Saturday Night Fever' album defined era | first=Press | last=The Associated | publisher=[[The Seattle Times]] | date=January 12, 2013 | accessdate=March 5, 2013 | archive-date=2013-05-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525013728/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030112&slug=gibb12 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Fleetwood Mac]] | ''[[Rumours (album)|Rumours]]'' | 1977 | [[Soft rock]] | {{ntsh|27.93}} {{hidden | 27.9 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 20 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 3.3 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.25 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 300,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"> {{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259165.xml | title=Les disques d'or | publisher=Disque en France | work=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] |url-status=live |accessdate=September 24, 2013 | language=French}} </ref> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 910,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 150,000<ref> {{cite certification | region=New Zealand | type=album | title=Rumours | artist=Fleetwood Mac | recent=website | id=2177 |url-status=live |accessdate=September 24, 2013}} </ref> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 40<ref> {{cite news | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/26/showbiz/fleetwood-mac-rumours/index.html | title=Fleetwood Mac's 'Rumours' at 35: Still the 'perfect album' | first=Katie | last=McLaughlin | publisher=[[CNN]] | date=June 27, 2012 | accessdate=December 13, 2012}} </ref><ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/fleetwood-mac-expanding-rumours-for-35th-anniversary-20121212 | title=Fleetwood Mac Expanding 'Rumours' for 35th Anniversary | first=Don | last=Arnold | publisher=[[Rolling Stone]] | date=December 12, 2012 | accessdate=March 5, 2013}} </ref> |} ==30-39 (ദശലക്ഷം) == {|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align: center" |-style="background:#e8e8e8;" !scope="col"|Artist !scope="col"|Album !scope="col"|Released !scope="col"|Genre !scope="col"|[[Music recording sales certification]]<br/>[[List of music recording certifications]] (millions) !scope="col"|Claimed sales (millions) |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ഷാനിയ ട്വയിൻ]] | ''[[Come On Over (Shania Twain album)|Come On Over]]'' | 1997 | [[Country music|Country]], pop | {{ntsh|29.579}} {{hidden | 29.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 20 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[RIAJ|JPN]]: 100,000 <ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 3.3 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 750,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 300,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 1.05 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 100,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 400,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 50,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 180,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 100,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|BEL]]: 100,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 1997-2003"> {{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/xls/Awards%201997.htm | title=Awards 1997–2003 | publisher=[[Ultratop]] | accessdate=February 4, 2011}} </ref><ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 2004-present"> {{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/certifications.asp?year=2003 | title=Ultratop: Goud En Platina | publisher=[[Ultratop]] | accessdate=February 4, 2011}} </ref> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 150,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 25,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 300,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 100,000<ref name="Dane Certifications1"> {{cite certification | region=Denmark | type=album | title=Come On Over | artist=Shania Twain | award=Platinum | number=2 | relyear=1997 | certyear=1999 | id=3 | recent=false}} </ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 38,958<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 315,000<ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"/>}} | 39<ref> {{cite news | url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Television/2005/11/06/1295562.html | title=Biopic looks at Twain's early years | last=Harris | first=Bill | date=November 7, 2005 | work=[[Jam!]] | publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]] | accessdate=June 21, 2013}} </ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a313973/lady-gaga-works-with-acdc-producer.html | title=Lady GaGa works with AC/DC producer | last=Corner | first=Lewis | publisher=[[Digital Spy]] | date=April 11, 2011 | accessdate=June 21, 2013 | archive-date=2015-09-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143609/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a313973/lady-gaga-works-with-acdc-producer.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ലെഡ് സെപ്പലിൻ]] | ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' | 1971 | Hard rock, heavy metal | {{ntsh|29.02}} {{hidden | 29.0 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 23 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.8 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 750,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 600,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 560,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 100,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 60,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 50,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/>}} | 37<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/led-zeppelin-the-music-1240391.html | title=Led Zeppelin: The music | first=Andy | last=Gill | work=[[Irish Independent]] | date=December 7, 2007 | accessdate=December 19, 2012}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]] | ''[[ബാഡ്]]'' | 1987 | [[Pop music|Pop]], [[funk]], [[Rock music|rock]] | {{ntsh|18.356}} {{hidden | 20.3 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 9 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 1,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/ES/MichaelJackson/m_info.html|title=マイケル・ジャクソン - インフォメーション - Sony Music|publisher=}}</ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 3.9 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 2 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|ITA]]: 1 million <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,24/articleid,0706_01_1995_0125_0064_10427145/|title=La Stampa - Consultazione Archivio|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-07|archive-date=2019-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821095326/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,24/articleid,0706_01_1995_0125_0064_10427145/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 700,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 420,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 350,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 200,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 300,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 200,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 51,287<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 135,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2047|title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart - The Official New Zealand Music Chart|work=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART|access-date=2016-07-07|archive-date=2013-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801011947/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2047|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[IFPI|IFPI HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 34<ref name="Did Thriller Really Sell 100M copies?"> {{cite news | url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/did-thriller-really-sell-a-hundred-million-copies | title= Did Thriller Really Sell 100M copies? | last=Wyman | first=Bill | work=[[The New Yorker]] | date=January 4, 2013 | accessdate=December 30, 2015}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Alanis Morissette]] | ''[[Jagged Little Pill]]'' | 1995 | [[Alternative rock]] | {{ntsh|24.7559}} {{hidden | 24.8 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 16 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 3 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 300,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 980,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 500,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 400,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 200,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 60,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 50,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 50,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 50,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 65,860<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/>}} | 33<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1630912/oughta-know-story-behind-beyonces-grammy-cover.jhtml | title='You Oughta Know': The Story Behind Beyonce's Grammy Cover | last=Montgomery | first=James | work=[[MTV News]] | date=February 1, 2010 | accessdate=June 18, 2013 | archive-date=2011-06-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602082825/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1630912/oughta-know-story-behind-beyonces-grammy-cover.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[സെലീൻ ഡിയോൺ]] | ''[[Falling into You]]'' | 1996 | Pop, Soft rock | {{ntsh|20.177}} {{hidden | 20.2 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 800,000<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2.1 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.25 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 910,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 600,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 200,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 200,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|BEL]]: 200,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 1997-2003"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 60,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 100,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 150,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 150,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 51,952<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 180,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/> * [[Association of Hungarian Record Companies|HUN]]: 25,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/arany-es-platinalemezek/adatbazis/2000|title=Arany- és platinalemezek › Adatbázis 2000|publisher=MAHASZ|accessdate=28 July 2014|language=Hungarian}}</ref>}} | 32<ref>''Falling into You'' worldwide sales: * {{cite web|title=Global All-Time Top 20 Albums|publisher=everyHit.com|url=http://www.everyhit.co.uk/recordalb.html|accessdate=18 August 2014}} * {{cite web|title=The 10 Biggest Grammy Blunders|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://music.yahoo.com/blogs/yahoo-music/the-10-biggest-grammy-blunders-042122072.html|date=24 January 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014}} * {{cite web|title=The 50 best-selling albums ever|work=[[NME]]|url=http://www.nme.com/photos/the-50-best-selling-albums-ever/195120/36/1|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=18 August 2014}} * {{cite web|title=Total Eclipse of the Charts: Songs by Jim Steinman|publisher=jimsteinman.com|url=http://www.jimsteinman.com/totaleclipsecharts1.pdf|accessdate=18 August 2014}} * {{cite web|title=Musique : les 10 albums les plus vendus au monde|publisher=[[MSN]]|url=http://news.fr.msn.com/m6-actualite/insolite/musique-les-10-albums-les-plus-vendus-au-monde?page=11|language=fr|date=6 May 2014|accessdate=18 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210517/http://news.fr.msn.com/m6-actualite/insolite/musique-les-10-albums-les-plus-vendus-au-monde?page=11|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|title='Falling Into You' One of the 100 Greatest Canadian Albums Ever|publisher=Five Star Feeling Inc|url=http://www.celinedion.com/ca/news/%E2%80%98falling-you%E2%80%99-one-100-greatest-canadian-albums-ever|date=11 August 2013|accessdate=18 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812204838/http://www.celinedion.com/ca/news/%E2%80%98falling-you%E2%80%99-one-100-greatest-canadian-albums-ever|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ദി ബീറ്റിൽസ്]] | ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' | 1967 | [[Rock music|Rock]] | {{ntsh|13.07}} {{hidden | 13.1 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 800,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 280,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 300,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 90,000<ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"/>}} | 32<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.euronews.com/2011/06/01/back-in-the-day-sgt-pepper-taught-the-band-to-play/ | title=Back in the Day: Sgt. Pepper taught the band to play | date=June 1, 2011 | publisher=[[Euronews]] | accessdate=December 18, 2012 | archive-date=2014-07-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726045929/http://euronews.com/2011/06/01/back-in-the-day-sgt-pepper-taught-the-band-to-play/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ഈഗിൾസ്]] | ''[[Hotel California (Eagles album)|Hotel California]]'' | 1976 | Rock, soft rock, folk rock | {{ntsh|21.481}} {{hidden | 21.5 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 16 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.8 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 560,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 400,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 100,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 25,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 30,933<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 135,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 32<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20110929%2FA_ENTERTAIN%2F109290308 | title='Back to basics' with Don Henley | last=Sauro | first=Tony | publisher=Recordnet.com | date=September 29, 2011 | accessdate=March 31, 2013 | archive-date=2013-11-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101211427/http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20110929%2FA_ENTERTAIN%2F109290308 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മറായ കേറി]] | ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' | 1993 | Pop, R&B, Rock | {{ntsh|17.6}} {{hidden | 19.0 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 10 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 2.2 million<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.sanspo.com/enter/music/m98/m1217.html |title=Google Translate |publisher= |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010315021820/http://www.sanspo.com/enter/music/m98/m1217.html |archivedate=2001-03-15 |access-date=2021-08-11 }}</ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.5 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 700,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 860,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 600,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 400,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]] 100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin|title=IFPI Austria - Verband der österreichischen Musikwirtschaft|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-07|archive-date=2008-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 100,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 200,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 50,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 47,382<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/>}} | 32<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/| title=Mariah Carey Revisited with Co - Writer Walter Afanasieff to Return to Classics| first=Chris| last=Williams| publisher=Soulculture.co.uk| date=June 25, 2013| accessdate=August 21, 2013| archive-date=2011-07-10| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710042900/http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bet.com/music/photos/2012/03/the-evolution-of-mariah-carey.html#!122111-shows-bet-honors-mariah-carey-timeline-music-box| title=The Evolution of Mariah Carey Over 2 Decades | publisher=[[BET]] | date=June 25, 2013| accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="List of Best Selling Albums (Page 241)">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32dec8dzccsC&pg=PA241&dq=mariah+carey+music+box+32+million&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Db03UtmKKoHStQa5_IBI&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20music%20box%2032%20million&f=false|title=Mariah Carey ''Music Box'' - 32 million seller - List of Best Selling Albums|language=|work=[[Whitney Houston]] We Love You Forever|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=September 17, 2013|date=July 30, 2012}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ജനുവരി 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="List of Best Selling Albums (Page 9)">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jim-YANOn5AC&pg=RA8-PA9&dq=mariah+carey+music+box+32+million+worldwide&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XMI3UsT1NczbsgbM6YHQBA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20music%20box%2032%20million%20worldwide&f=false|title=Rocking Like a Bat out of Hell for 35 Years|language=|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] October - December 2011 (issue)|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=September 17, 2013|date=July 30, 2012}}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]] | ''[[ഡെയ്ഞ്ചൊറസ്]]'' | 1991 | Rock, Funk, Pop | {{ntsh|16.302}} {{hidden | 17.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 7 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 400,000<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards/search.aspx|title=Certified Awards|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-07|archive-date=2017-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801142929/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards/Search.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 2 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 2 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_Album.php|title=InfoDisc : Les Ventes Réelles des Albums en France|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-07|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016213231/http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_Album.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 600,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 700,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 350,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/arquivo_veja/capa_06101993.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101203258/http://veja.abril.com.br/arquivo_veja/capa_06101993.shtml|title=Na órbita dos astros - Arquivo VEJA|author=Giancarlo Lepiani|date=January 27, 2006|archivedate=January 1, 2010|publisher=}}</ref> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 600,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 300,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 300,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 600,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 250,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 200,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 61,896<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 90,000<ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"/> * [[IFPI|CHI]]: 125,000<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-5141 | title=Récord de Ana Gabriel | publisher=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] | accessdate=March 27, 2012 | language=Spanish}} </ref> * [[Recording Industry Association of Malaysia|MAL]]: 175,000<ref> {{cite web | url=http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/6295241 | title=Michael Jackson award | publisher=LiveAuctioneers | work=[[Sony Music Entertainment]] | accessdate=May 12, 2012}} </ref>}} | 32<ref> {{cite news | url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=jim-YANOn5AC&pg=RA8-PA9&lpg=RA8-PA9&dq=dangerous+michael+jackson+32+million&source=bl&ots=uUgWz9UeW3&sig=_1fOnxORRFYiKEMUXULGJNIelzw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrnOj-_oTKAhUBjxQKHbf3BZcQ6AEIOTAF#v=onepage&q=dangerous%20michael%20jackson%2032%20million&f=false | title=Michael Jackson's Life as Prodigy, Superstar and Jacko | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date=October 1, 2011 | accessdate=December 30, 2015}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | Various artists | ''[[Dirty Dancing (soundtrack)|Dirty Dancing]]'' | 1987 | Pop, rock, R&B | {{ntsh|17.8775}} {{hidden | 17.9 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.5 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 2 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 770,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 100,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 100,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 100,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 50,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 250,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 7,500<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 32<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/arts/la-ca-dirty-dancing10-2009may10,0,1950133.story | title='Dirty Dancing,' the mega-hit musical | first=Chris | last=Lee | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=May 10, 2009 | accessdate=December 1, 2012}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[സെലീൻ ഡിയോൺ]] | ''[[Let's Talk About Love]]'' | 1997 | Pop, Soft rock | {{ntsh|19.256}} {{hidden | 19.3 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 10 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 1 million<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.8 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.5 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 420,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 500,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 240,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 400,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|BEL]]: 200,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 1997-2003"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 200,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 300,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 200,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 97,744<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 135,000<ref> {{cite book | author=Scapolo, Dean | title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006 | publisher=Maurienne House | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-877443-00-8}} </ref> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 40,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/> * [[Uruguay|URY]]: 3,000<ref>{{cite certification|region=Uruguay|award=Gold|type=album|certyear=1999|relyear=1997|autocat=yes}}</ref>}} | 31<ref>''Let's Talk About Love'' worldwide sales: * {{cite news|author=Jason Anderson|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/books/learning-to-love-cline-dion/article16178/|title=Learning to Love Celine Dion|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=19 January 2008|accessdate=19 August 2014|archive-date=2009-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921140631/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/books/learning-to-love-cline-dion/article16178/|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|title=The 50 best-selling albums ever|work=NME|url=http://www.nme.com/photos/the-50-best-selling-albums-ever/195120/1/1#32|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=19 August 2014}} * {{cite web|title=Global All-Time Top 20 Albums|publisher=everyHit.com|url=http://www.everyhit.co.uk/recordalb.html|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[The Beatles]] | ''[[1 (The Beatles album)|1]]'' | 2000 | Rock | {{ntsh|21.602}} {{hidden | 21.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 2 million<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 2.4 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.65 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 600,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 700,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 250,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 50,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 160,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 500,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 100,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 150,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 150,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 150,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 200,000<ref> {{cite certification | region=Denmark | type=album | title=One | artist=Beatles | award=Platinum | relyear=2000 | certyear=2009 | id=39 | recent=false}} </ref> * [[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa|POR]]: 120,000<ref name="Portugal Top 30 Artists 2009"> {{cite web | url=http://artistas-espectaculos.com/topafp/pt/200921.htm | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918014341/http://artistas-espectaculos.com/topafp/pt/200921.htm | title=Artistas & Espectáculos: Top Oficial AFP | language=Portuguese | publisher=[[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa]] | archivedate=September 18, 2010 | accessdate=August 27, 2012}} </ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 77,466<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 225,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/>}} | 31<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-beatles8-2009apr08,0,242705.story | title=Beatles' catalog will be reissued September 9 in remastered versions | last=Lewis | first=Randy | date=April 8, 2009 | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | accessdate=May 2, 2009}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Adele]] | ''[[21 (Adele album)|21]]'' | 2011 | Pop, soul | {{ntsh|21.261}} {{hidden | 22.3 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 100,000<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.tokyohive.com/2012/03/riaj-reveals-hard-copy-sales-certifications-for-february-2012/ |title=RIAJ reveals hard copy sales certifications for February 2012 |publisher=RIAJ |language=ja |accessdate=19 January 2012}} </ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 4.8 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.6 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 800,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 980,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 300,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 450,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nvpi.nl/sites/default/files/nvpi-marktinformatie-audio-2011.pdf |title=Audiomarkt 2011 |language=Dutch |publisher=[[NVPI]] |accessdate=6 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dc61ljHv?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/sites/default/files/nvpi-marktinformatie-audio-2011.pdf |archivedate=2013-01-12 |page=6 |format=PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 480,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 120,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=54&dfom=20130123 |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]] |language=sv |accessdate=6 February 2013 |title=Veckolista Album - Vecka 5, 1 februari 2013 |archive-date=2015-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621035313/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=54&dfom=20130123 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 300,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications "/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 80,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prensariomusica.com/PDF_MUSICA_463/MUSICA_463_1.pdf |title=Prensario musica & video No. 463 – Sony Music: Serrat-Sabina, Michel Teló, Adele y Bersuit |publisher=Prensario musica & video |date=March 2012 |language=es |id=Search "doble platino and ''21''" |accessdate=30 October 2012 |archive-date=2020-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414104328/https://www.prensariomusica.com/PDF_MUSICA_463/MUSICA_463_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 180,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 2004-present" /> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 200,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 40,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 30,000<ref name="Norwegian certifications 2011">{{cite web |url=http://ifpi.no/component/rstrophybridge/ |title=Trofe Oversikt |language=Norwegian |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] |accessdate=21 September 2014 |id=Search "Adele" |archive-date=2014-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924040905/http://www.ifpi.no/component/rstrophybridge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 20,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[National Federation of Phonogram Producers|RUS]]: 10,000<ref> {{cite web |title=Lenta.ru: Адель в платине |url=http://lenta.ru/articles/2012/03/30/chart/ |language=ru |work=[[lenta.ru]] |publisher=Лента.Ру |accessdate=30 March 2012}} </ref> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 150,000<ref> {{cite certification |region=Denmark |type=album |artist=Adele |title=21 |certyear=2013 |id=7 |accessdate=February 2013}} </ref> * [[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa|POR]]: 40,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artistas-espectaculos.com/noticias/pt/topafp.htm |publisher=Artistas-espectaculos.com |language=pt |accessdate=5 July 2012 |title=Top AFP - Semana 22 de 2011 |archivedate=2012-06-29 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68n6ofSyj?url=http://www.artistas-espectaculos.com/noticias/pt/topafp.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 83,234<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 270,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rte.ie/ten/2012/0803/adele.html |title=Adele sells over 250,000 albums in Ireland |publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]] |date=2012-08-03 |accessdate=2013-03-31 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69eFmu8mH?url=http://www.rte.ie/ten/2012/0803/adele.html |archivedate=2012-08-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[IFPI Greece|GRE]]: 6,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifpi.gr/chart01.htm |title=Top-75 Albums Sales Chart |language=Greek |publisher=[[IFPI Greece]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BZs3xeQF?url=http://www.ifpi.gr/chart01.htm |archivedate=2012-10-21 |accessdate=22 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Association of Hungarian Record Companies|HUN]]: 12,000<ref name=MahaszHungarychart>{{cite web |url=http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/arany-es-platinalemezek/adatbazis/2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HKCwzSkw?url=http://zene.slagerlistak.hu/arany-es-platinalemezek/adatbazis/2013 |title=Arany- és platinalemezek 2013 |publisher=[[Mahasz]] |language=Hungarian |archivedate=2013-06-12 |accessdate=28 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 180,000<ref> {{cite certification |region=New Zealand |type=album |title=21 |artist=Adele |id=2222 |recent=true}} </ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|CHI]]: 20,000<ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.los40.cl/actualidad/noticias/adele-alcanzo-doble-platino-en-chile-por-su-disco-21/20120413/nota/1669311.aspx |title=Adele alcanzó coble platino en Chile por su disco '21' |publisher=los40.cl |language=es |date=2012-04-13 |accessdate=2012-10-30}} </ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|VEN]]: 10,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sinflash.com/celebridades/adele-alcanza-disco-de-oro-en-venezuela/16188/ |language=es |accessdate=5 October 2012 |title=Adele alcanza "Disco de Oro" en Venezuela |page=1 |date=November 2011 |archive-date=2014-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910164659/http://www.sinflash.com/celebridades/adele-alcanza-disco-de-oro-en-venezuela/16188/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6157708/adele-next-album-rumor | title=Adele's Next Album and World Tour Confirmed? 'No Truth' in New Rumor | date=July 16, 2014 | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | accessdate=September 13, 2014}} </ref><ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/jul/09/robin-thicke-five-blockbuster-albums-that-bombed-jagger-carey-duffy-guns-n-roses-glasvegas | title=From Robin Thicke to Mariah and Mick: five blockbuster albums that bombed | last=Forde | first=Eamonn | date=July 16, 2014 | work=[[The Guardian]] | accessdate=September 13, 2014}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[The Beatles]] | ''[[Abbey Road]]'' | 1969 | Rock | {{ntsh|14.435}} {{hidden | 14.4 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 12 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 150,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 210,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 500,000<ref name="CAPIF Diamond awards"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 75,000<ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"/>}} | 30<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.euronews.com/2011/09/26/back-in-the-day-abbey-road-hits-the-shelves/ | title=Back in the Day: Abbey Road hits the shelves | date=September 26, 2011 | publisher=[[Euronews]] | accessdate=August 20, 2012 | archive-date=2012-11-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103001031/http://www.euronews.com/2011/09/26/back-in-the-day-abbey-road-hits-the-shelves/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ബ്രൂസ് സ്പ്രിങ്സ്റ്റീൻ]] | ''[[Born in the U.S.A.]]'' | 1984 | Rock | {{ntsh|19.558}} {{hidden | 19.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 15 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 900,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 400,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 910,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 108,913<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 240,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsfilmtv/music/bruce-springsteen-still-shows-whos-boss-200576.html | title=Bruce Springsteen still shows who's boss | last=Forde | first=Ian | work=[[Irish Examiner]] | date=July 13, 2012 | accessdate=September 21, 2012}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Dire Straits]] | ''[[Brothers in Arms (Dire Straits album)|Brothers in Arms]]'' | 1985 | Rock | {{ntsh|17.661}} {{hidden | 17.7 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 9 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 4.1 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 1.19 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 30,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 350,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 116,784<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 360,000<ref name="Seven Top Certified New Zealand Albums 2007"/> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2859527.stm | title=Mark Knopfler hurt in crash | work=[[BBC News]] | date=March 18, 2003 | accessdate=November 24, 2012}} </ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dw.de/europe-in-concert-mark-knopfler-2012-03-09/e-15757542-9798 | title=Mark Knopfler <nowiki>&#124;</nowiki> Europe in Concert | publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] | year=2012 | accessdate=June 18, 2013 | archive-date=2013-11-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040540/http://www.dw.de/europe-in-concert-mark-knopfler-2012-03-09/e-15757542-9798 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | [[James Horner]] | ''[[Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture]]'' | 1997 | Soundtrack | {{ntsh|18.1385}} {{hidden | 18.1 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 1 million<ref name="RIAJMlist">{{cite web | url=http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal_e.htm | title=List of the albums certified "Million" by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (1989–2011) | date=September 12, 2011 | accessdate=October 24, 2011 | archive-date=2015-02-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216113029/http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal_e.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 900,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|9]]: 1.25 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 350,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 175,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 160,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 400,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|BEL]]: 150,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 1997-2003"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 140,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 60,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 200,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 100,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 73,509<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 60,000<ref name="NZ Chart History 1966-2006"> {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyU5AQAAIAAJ | author=Scapolo, Dean | title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006 | publisher=Maurienne House | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-877443-00-8}} </ref> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 20,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 30<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/awards-campaign/posts/leona-lewis-follows-in-celine-dion-s-shadow-for-avatar | title=Leona Lewis follows in Celine Dion's 'Titanic' shadow for 'Avatar' | first=Gregory | last=Ellwood | publisher=[[HitFix]] | date=November 16, 2009 | accessdate=November 29, 2012 | archive-date=2013-11-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102072828/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/awards-campaign/posts/leona-lewis-follows-in-celine-dion-s-shadow-for-avatar | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] | ''[[The Immaculate Collection]]'' | 1990 | Pop, Dance | {{ntsh|20.3}} {{hidden | 19.4 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 10 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 800,000<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 3.6 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 750,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 700,000<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 840,000<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/94 | title=ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart – 06/08/2012 | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | date=August 2012 | accessdate=April 27, 2013 | archive-date=2012-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006023207/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/94 | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 500,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 300,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 50,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 300,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 180,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 50,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 50,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 50,000<ref> {{cite certification | region=Denmark | type=album | title=The Immaculate Collection | artist=Madonna | certyear=2006 | id=35 | recent=false}} </ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 92,500<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 105,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/>}} | 30<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0323/1224313742569.html | title=Girl gone wild: is it time for Madonna to grow up? | first=Tony Clayton | last=Lea | publisher=[[The Irish Times]] | date=March 23, 2012 | accessdate=September 21, 2012 | archive-date=2012-03-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323121356/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0323/1224313742569.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Metallica]] | ''[[Metallica (album)|Metallica]]'' | 1991 | [[Thrash metal]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] | {{ntsh|19.923}} {{hidden | 19.9 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 16 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 300,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 300,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 560,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 600,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 200,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 50,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 100,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 300,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 50,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 100,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[IFPI|NOR]]: 50,000<ref name="Norwegian Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 112,856<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 150,000<ref name="NZ Album Certifications 2007-July 2011"/>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/music/article/Kirk-Hammett-Some-kind-of-monster-fan-3850850.php#page-2 | title=Kirk Hammett: Some kind of monster fan | first=Aidin | last=Vaziri | publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] | date=October 10, 2012 | accessdate=December 10, 2012}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[നിർവാണ]] | ''[[Nevermind]]'' | 1991 | [[Grunge]], [[alternative rock]] | {{ntsh|16.702}} {{hidden | 16.7 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 10 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 600,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/index.html|title=RIAJ: ゴールド等認定作品|trans-title=Certified Gold Pieces|language=ja|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=2010-05-26|archive-date=2015-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105220146/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 1.2 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 350,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 250,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 200,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 100,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 200,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 300,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 150,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 2004-present"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 100,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 50,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 50,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 46,830<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 105,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470039/billboard-bits-nirvanas-nevermind-to-be-re-released-no-more-guest-stars-on-glee |title=Billboard Bits: Nirvana's 'Nevermind' To Be Re-Released, No More Guest Stars on 'Glee' |first1=Jillian |last1=Mapes |first2=Alec |last2=Bojalad |first3=Sarah |last3=Maloy |publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=June 22, 2011 |accessdate=August 29, 2014}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Pink Floyd]] | ''[[The Wall]]'' | 1979 | Progressive rock | {{ntsh|17.565}} {{hidden | 17.6 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 11.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 600,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 2 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 770,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 100,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 200,000<ref>{{Citation | title = Gold & Platin |url = http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=pink+floyd&album=the+wall&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=P&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP| publisher = capif| accessdate =5 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531190211/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=pink+floyd&album=the+wall&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=P&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|archivedate=31 May 2011}}</ref> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 70,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 100,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 210,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/> * [[IFPI|HKG]]: 15,000<ref name="Hong Kong Gold Disc Award"/>}} | 30<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-09-22/entertainment/ct-live-0922-waters-the-wall-20100922_1_bricks-wall-cardboard | title=How The Wall gets built in the first place | first=Christopher | last=Borrelli | work=[[Chicago Tribune]] | date=September 22, 2010 | accessdate=June 18, 2013 | archive-date=2013-11-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102102159/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-09-22/entertainment/ct-live-0922-waters-the-wall-20100922_1_bricks-wall-cardboard | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Santana (band)|Santana]] | ''[[Supernatural (Santana album)|Supernatural]]'' | 1999 | Rock | {{ntsh|20.540}} {{hidden | 20.5 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 15 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[RIAJ|JPN]]: 200,000 <ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 600,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1 million<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 600,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 280,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 250,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 300,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 200,000<ref name="Dutch Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 80,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 300,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|BEL]]: 100,000<ref name="Belgium's Gold/Platinum Certification database 1997-2003"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 100,000<ref name="Polish certification awards 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 200,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 50,291<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|NZ]]: 60,000<ref name="New Zealand Certifications"/>}} | 30<ref> {{cite news | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/292577/viva-santana.html | title=Viva Santana! | first=Joel | last=Premkumar | work=[[Deccan Herald]] | date=November 18, 2012 | accessdate=November 25, 2012}} </ref> |- |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ഗൺസ് എൻ' റോസസ്]] | ''[[Appetite for Destruction]]'' | 1987 | [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[hard rock]] | {{ntsh|21.255}} {{hidden | 21.3 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 18 million<ref name="RIAA Certification Database"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 200,000<ref name="The Record"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 600,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 500,000<ref name="German Certification Database"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 200,000<ref name="Les certifications 2011"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 1 million<ref name="Canada Music Certification Database"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 250,000<ref name="Brazil's Certification Database"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 100,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certification Database"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 50,000<ref name="FIMI Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 50,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 180,000<ref name="Archived CAPIF certifications to 2010"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 50,000<ref name="Swiss Certification Database"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 50,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 25,000<ref name="Finnish Certifications Database"/>}} | 30<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/11/19/2494907_american-masters-highlights-david.html | title='American Masters' highlights David Geffen’s influence but only hints at a dark side | first=Sara | last=Smith | work=[[The Kansas City Star]] | date=November 18, 2012 | accessdate=March 1, 2014 | archive-date=2014-03-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309044138/http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/11/19/2494907_american-masters-highlights-david.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | url=http://news.qthemusic.com/2012/08/column_-_still_hungry_25_years.html | title=Column - Still hungry? 25 years of Guns'N'Roses' Appetite For Destruction | first=Laurie | last=Havelock | work=[[Q magazine]] | date=August 9, 2012|accessdate=March 1, 2014}} </ref> |} == 20–29 (ദശലക്ഷം) == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Artist ! Album ! Released ! Genre ! Sales (millions) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2014)">clarification needed</span>''&#x5D;</sup> ! Source |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[അബ്ബ]] | ''Gold: Greatest Hits'' | 1992 | Pop | 29 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/index.ssf/2011/07/experience_abba_the_concert_at.html|title=Experience Abba The Concert at annual balloon festival in Readington|last=Democrat|first=Hunterdon County|date=July 17, 2011|publisher=[[The Star-Ledger]]|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ബോൺ ജോവി]] | ''Slippery When Wet'' | 1986 | Hard rock | 28 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2011/05/24/jon-bon-jovi-star-wars-secret/2/|title=Jon Bon Jovi's Star Wars Secret|last=Greenburg|first=Zack O'Malley|date=May 24, 2011|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=December 14, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Spice Girls | ''Spice'' | 1996 | Pop | 28 |<ref name="sgv">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/2771605.stm|title=Spice Girls reunion: Is a comeback possible?|date=23 April 2014|publisher=The BBC|accessdate=18 February 2003}}</ref><ref name="28m"><cite class="citation book">[https://books.google.com/books?id=kXCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA206&dq=%22spice+girls%22+%22copies%22&hl=en ''Fuller, Simon (1960-): 100 Entertainers Who Changed America, An Encyclopedia of Pop Culture'']. </cite></ref> |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | Various artists | ''Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture'' | 1978 | Soundtrack | 28 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.msn.co.nz/article.aspx?id=8406855|title=Grease stars making new music|last=NZ Staff|first=MSN|date=January 22, 2012|publisher=[[MSN]]|accessdate=November 29, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102122846/http://entertainment.msn.co.nz/article.aspx?id=8406855|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Britney Spears]] | ''...Baby One More Time'' | 1999 | Pop | 28 | <ref name="The Guardian-Baby One More Time">{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/28/britney-spears-circus|title=Britney Spears: Circus|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|date=November 28, 2008|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[ലിങ്കിൻ പാർക്ക്]] | ''Hybrid Theory'' | 2000 | Nu metal, rap metal, alternative metal | 27 | <ref><cite class="citation news">[http://www.downloadfestival.co.uk/news/linkin-park-announced-saturday-headliner-fall-out-boy-main-support "Linkin Park Announced As Saturday Headliner + Fall Out Boy As Main Support"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020174352/http://www.downloadfestival.co.uk/news/linkin-park-announced-saturday-headliner-fall-out-boy-main-support |date=2014-10-20 }}. </cite></ref> |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[ബോബ് മാർലി]] & ദ വെയ്ലേർസ്‌ | ''Legend: The Best of Bob Marley & The Wailers'' | 1984 | Reggae | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/2012/04/20/movies/a-documentary-on-bob-marley-from-kevin-macdonald.html|title=Reggae's Mellow King, Defined by a Legacy He Couldn't Outrun|last=Holden|first=Stephen|date=April 19, 2012|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Carole King | ''Tapestry'' | 1971 | Pop | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2012/04/19/life-memoir-carole-king-traces-complex-life-early-success-song-writer-memoir-performer-and-trail-troubled-relationships-king-weaves-tapestry/T5woyB9T4tDv1qgoQhKR2K/story.html|title=In her new memoir, "A Natural Woman," singer-songwriter Carole King writes that she served as a "conduit'' for the great music that came out of her|last=Rosen|first=James|date=April 19, 2012|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മഡോണ]] | ''Like a Virgin'' | 1984 | Pop, dance | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/arts-culture_arts-news-in-brief_365759.html|title=Arts News in Brief|last=Reporter|first=Today's Zaman|date=November 30, 2014|publisher=[[Today's Zaman]]|accessdate=January 28, 2015|archive-date=2014-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201103110/http://www.todayszaman.com/arts-culture_arts-news-in-brief_365759.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മഡോണ]] | ''True Blue'' | 1986 | Pop | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1682061/madonna-lionel-richie-top-billboard.jhtml|title=Madonna And Lionel Richie To Reunite On Billboard Charts?|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=March 29, 2012|publisher=MTV (MTV Networks)|accessdate=April 7, 2012|archive-date=2012-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331201523/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1682061/madonna-lionel-richie-top-billboard.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മറായ കേറി]] | ''Daydream'' | 1995 | Pop, R&B | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html|title=Mariah Celebrates Twenty Years|last=Cane|first=Clay|date=November 6, 2010|publisher=[[BET]]|accessdate=January 8, 2013}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Norah Jones | ''Come Away with Me'' | 2002 | Jazz | 25 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765560675/Norah-Jones-to-play-entire-new-album-at-SXSW.html|title=Norah Jones to play entire new album at SXSW|last=Talbott|first=Chris|date=March 17, 2012|work=[[Deseret News]]|accessdate=June 18, 2013|archive-date=2019-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410233224/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/765560675/Norah-Jones-to-play-entire-new-album-at-SXSW.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Phil Collins | ''No Jacket Required'' | 1985 | Pop, Rock | 25 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/40-albums-baby-boomers-loved-that-millennials-dont-know-20140514/phil-collins-no-jacket-required-1985-19691231|title=40 Albums Baby Boomers Loved That Millennials Don't Know|date=May 14, 2014|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref> |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | [[ക്യൂൻ]] | ''Greatest Hits'' | 1981 | Rock | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17657389|title=Queen retain UK album sales crown|date=April 9, 2012|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Simon & Garfunkel | ''Bridge over Troubled Water'' | 1970 | Folk rock | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/8877549/Imagine...-Simon-and-Garfunkel-the-Harmony-Game-BBC-One-My-Transsexual-Summer-Channel-4-review.html|title=Imagine... Simon & Garfunkel: the Harmony Game, BBC One, My Transsexual Summer, Channel 4, review|last=Pilgrim|first=Michael|date=November 8, 2011|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|accessdate=December 13, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[യു2]] | ''The Joshua Tree'' | 1987 | Rock | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishnews.com/news/25th-birthday-of-u2-s-joshua-tree-album-1139438|title=25th birthday of U2's Joshua Tree album|last=Cunningham|first=Simon|date=March 9, 2012|work=[[The Irish News]]|accessdate=November 27, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102035554/http://www.irishnews.com/news/25th-birthday-of-u2-s-joshua-tree-album-1139438|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Whitney Houston]] | ''Whitney Houston'' | 1985 | Pop, R&B | 25 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/downfall-of-a-diva/story-e6frg8h6-1226337789628|title=Downfall of a diva|last=Goodwin|first=Christopher|date=April 28, 2012|publisher=[[The Australian]]|accessdate=November 23, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Backstreet Boys | ''Backstreet's Back'' / ''Backstreet Boys'' | 1997 | Pop | 24 | <ref name="BSB sales 2006">{{Cite web|url=http://sonybmg.com.au/artist/artistMainBio.do?mode=2&artistId=9949|title=Backstreet Boys – Biography|year=2006|quote=The next two BSB albums ("Backstreet's Back" and "Millennium") enjoyed worldwide sales of 24 million copies each.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911110126/http://sonybmg.com.au/artist/artistMainBio.do?mode=2&artistId=9949|work=[[Sony BMG]]|archivedate=September 11, 2007|accessdate=September 17, 2013}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Backstreet Boys | ''Millennium'' | 1999 | Pop | 24 | <ref name="BSB sales 2006"/> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Ace of Base | ''Happy Nation/The Sign'' | 1993 | Pop | 23 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a78550/ace-of-base-announce-reunion-tour.html|title=Ace Of Base announce reunion tour|last=Fletcher|first=Alex|date=October 26, 2007|publisher=Digital Spy|accessdate=December 7, 2012|archive-date=2012-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010015046/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a78550/ace-of-base-announce-reunion-tour.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | TLC | ''CrazySexyCool'' | 1994 | R&B, hip hop | 23 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tlc-plan-first-album-since-lisa-left-eye-lopes-death-8282219.html|title=TLC plan first album since Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopes' death|last=Battersby|first=Matilda|date=November 15, 2012|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|accessdate=January 8, 2013|archive-date=2019-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214131331/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tlc-plan-first-album-since-lisa-left-eye-lopes-death-8282219.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Ricky Martin |''Ricky Martin'' | 1999 | Latin pop | 22 | <ref name="rickymartinhandbook">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2UOBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA494&lpg=PA494&dq=shakira+20+million++laundry+service&source=bl&ots=Wq8cHqtgx2&sig=Nqr4QgUf5eJEgbruqUbMxlankEE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KixGVe2fB8ikNuingeAB&ved=0CCAQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=shakira%2020%20million%20%20laundry%20service&f=false|title=The Ricky Martin Handbook - Everything you need to know about Ricky Martin|last=Smith|first=Emily|date=February 2010|work=Music|publisher=Walden|location=|accessdate=May 3, 2015}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Cyndi Lauper | ''She's So Unusual'' | 1983 | New wave, pop rock, synthpop | 22 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/cyndi-lauper-interview-shes-still-having-fun-9235643.html|title=Cyndi Lauper interview: She's still having fun|last=Duerden|first=Nick|date=April 4, 2014|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|accessdate=July 26, 2014|archive-date=2019-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328104018/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/cyndi-lauper-interview-shes-still-having-fun-9235643.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Oasis | ''(What's the Story) Morning Glory?'' | 1995 | Britpop, rock | 22 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/dec/06/noel-gallagher-oasis|title='Who wants to be a drug addict at 41?'|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=December 6, 2008|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|accessdate=August 31, 2008}}</ref> |- style="background:#FAFAD2;" | Bon Jovi | ''Cross Road'' | 1994 | Hard rock | 21 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nineoclock.ro/bon-jovi-the-most-eagerly-anticipated-concert-of-the-year/#hide|title=Bon Jovi, the most eagerly anticipated concert of the year|last=Reporter|first=Nine O'Clock|date=June 14, 2011|publisher=[[Nine O'Clock]]|accessdate=December 15, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617202352/http://www.nineoclock.ro/bon-jovi-the-most-eagerly-anticipated-concert-of-the-year/#hide|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[എമിനെം]] | ''The Marshall Mathers LP'' | 2000 | Rap, hip-hop | 21 | <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=H2smoEE3BuUC&pg=PA120&dq=eminem+the+marshall+mathers+lp+worldwide+sales|title=Dr. Dre: A Biography|last=John Borgmeyer|first=Holly Lang|date=January 1, 2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0-313-33826-4|page=120}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Avril Lavigne]] | ''Let Go'' | 2002 | Pop rock, alternative rock, post-grunge | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/L/Lavigne_Avril/2005/03/29/975400.html|title=Avril sets 'Dome date|last=Bell|first=Mike|date=March 29, 2005|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]]|accessdate=March 26, 2014}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Boston | ''Boston'' | 1976 | Hard rock | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1554450/boston-lead-singer-died-virtually-anonymous.jhtml|title=Brad Delp, Singer For '70s Rock Icons Boston, Died Virtually Anonymous|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=March 27, 2007|publisher=[[MTV]]|accessdate=November 24, 2012|archive-date=2012-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621135044/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1554450/boston-lead-singer-died-virtually-anonymous.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Britney Spears]] | ''Oops!... I Did It Again'' | 2000 | Pop | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/photos/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=28788021&page=5|title=The Evolution of Britney Spears|last=Roberts|first=Emma|date=May 12, 2011|publisher=[[MSN]]|accessdate=December 19, 2012|archive-date=2014-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925003058/http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/photos/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=28788021&page=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#F6CEEC;" | Eric Clapton | ''Unplugged'' | 1992 | Acoustic blues, folk rock | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01n5z2x|title=For One Night Only, Series 7, Eric Clapton Unplugged|last=Gambaccini|first=Paul|date=October 6, 2012|publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]]|accessdate=December 3, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Def Leppard | ''Hysteria'' | 1987 | Pop, Hard rock | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2012/11/12/def-leppard-hysteria-las-vegas/1696779/|title=Def Leppard setting off 'Hysteria' with Las Vegas run|last=Mansfield|first=Brian|date=November 12, 2012|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | George Michael | ''Faith'' | 1987 | Pop, R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/10139404/George-Michael-50-years-in-numbers.html|title=George Michael: 50 years in numbers|last=Alice|first=Vincent|date=June 25, 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|location=London|accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Green Day | ''Dookie'' | 1994 | Pop punk, punk rock, alternative rock | 20 | <ref name="yahoonews2-1-2014">{{Cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/green-day-39-album-dookie-20-years-old-182200607.html|title=Green Day's Album 'Dookie' Is 20 Years Old Today|last=Adam|first=Chandler|date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Yahoo! Music|location=|work=[[Yahoo! Music]]|accessdate=June 17, 2014}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Lionel Richie]] | ''Can't Slow Down'' | 1983 | Pop, R&B, soul | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.abc.net.au/wa/2008/11/lionel-richie-a.html|title=Lionel Richie and You Are|last=Perkins|first=Matthew|date=November 18, 2008|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|accessdate=December 20, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610173756/http://blogs.abc.net.au/wa/2008/11/lionel-richie-a.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]] | [[ഹിസ്റ്ററി:പാസ്റ്റ്, പ്രസന്റ് ആൻഡ്‌ ഫ്യൂച്ചർ, ബുക്ക്‌ ഒന്ന്]] | 1995 | Pop, rock, R&B | 20 | <ref name="jackson telegraph">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5652780/Michael-Jackson-list-of-his-records.html|title=Michael Jackson: list of his records|last=|first=|date=June 26, 2009|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|location=London|accessdate=March 25, 2010}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[മൈക്കൽ ജാക്സൺ]] | [[ഓഫ് ദ വാൾ]] | 1979 | Soul, disco, R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/10-things-michael-jacksons-thriller-30-years-release/story?id=17827505#1|title=10 Things About Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' 30 Years After Its Release|last=Fisher|first=Luchina|date=November 30, 2011|publisher=[[ABC News]]|accessdate=December 13, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | Prince & the revolution | ''Purple Rain'' | 1984 | Pop, rock, R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/sep/16/stevie-nicks-prince-purple-rain|title=Stevie Nicks: Prince asked me to write Purple Rain lyrics|last=Michaels|first=Sean|date=September 16, 2011|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|accessdate=November 29, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Shania Twain | ''The Woman in Me'' | 1995 | Country, pop | 20 | <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVcOCzR4Hb4C&q=%22it+sold+over+20+million+copies+worldwide%22#v=snippet&q=%22it%20sold%20over%2020%20million%20copies%20worldwide%22&f=false|title=How the Left Lost Teen Spirit-- (and how They're Getting it Back)|date=May 1, 2005|publisher=[[Akashic Books]]|isbn=978-0-9719206-8-2|page=228|accessdate=April 13, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Shania Twain | ''Up!'' | 2002 | Country, pop, world music | 20 |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Supertramp | ''Breakfast in America'' | 1979 | Progressive rock, art rock | 20 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/bb28|title=Supertramp: ''Breakfast in America'' review|last=Doran|first=John|date=October 29, 2010|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=June 18, 2012}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Tina Turner | ''Private Dancer'' | 1984 | Pop, rock, R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/tinaturner/biography|title=Tina Turner Biography|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618073142/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/tinaturner/biography|archivedate=June 18, 2008|accessdate=September 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1411|title=Tina Turner|last=Norris|first=Sharon|publisher=[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]|accessdate=September 3, 2008}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Tracy Chapman | ''Tracy Chapman'' | 1988 | Folk rock | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-11-20/tracy-chapmans-new-greatest-hits-album-celebrates-quietly-powerful-legacy|title=Tracy Chapman's new greatest hits album celebrates a quietly powerful legacy|last=Wernick|first=Adam|date=November 20, 2015|publisher=[[Public Radio International]]|accessdate=February 5, 2016|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121174754/http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-11-20/tracy-chapmans-new-greatest-hits-album-celebrates-quietly-powerful-legacy|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | Usher | ''Confessions'' | 2004 | R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/obsession-of-the-day/2011/10/usher|title=Usher – Vogue.it|date=October 25, 2012|publisher=[[Vogue Italia]]|accessdate=November 23, 2012|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603013418/http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/obsession-of-the-day/2011/10/usher|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#EEF7FF" | Various artists | ''Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture'' | 1983 | Soundtrack | 20 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2011/02/24/the-25-best-movie-sound-tracks/slide/flashdance-1983/|title=Top 25 Movie Soundtracks|date=February 21, 2011|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|accessdate=February 5, 2016|archive-date=2011-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021200910/http://entertainment.time.com/2011/02/24/the-25-best-movie-sound-tracks/slide/flashdance-1983/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Whitney Houston]] | ''Whitney'' | 1987 | Pop, R&B | 20 | <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bet.com/news/national/2013/06/27/this-day-in-black-history-june-27-1987.html|title=This Day in Black History: June 27, 1987|last=Hicks|first=Jonathan P.|date=June 27, 2013|publisher=[[BET]]|accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref> |- style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Shakira]] | ''Laundry Service'' | 2001 | Pop, Rock | 20 | <ref name="rickymartinhandbook"/><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.musicnumb.com/2014/10/shakira-net-worth/ "Shakira Net Worth"]. ''musicnumb.com''.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+best-selling+albums&rft.atitle=Shakira+Net+Worth&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicnumb.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fshakira-net-worth%2F&rft.jtitle=musicnumb.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal">&nbsp;</span></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">Women Fitness. </cite></ref> |} == References == <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;" data-template-mapping="{&quot;targetname&quot;:&quot;Reflist&quot;}"> <references /></div> |} |} {{DEFAULTSORT:Best-Selling Albums, List Of}} 6ntbfr5cqcwhpyzs14lqnxv2c3ma2yo 0 345304 4644220 3214186 2026-07-07T14:30:08Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = മുബാറക്‌പൂർ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് | pushpin_map = India Punjab | pushpin_map_caption = പഞ്ചാബിലെ സ്ഥാനം | latd = 31.5449 |latm = |lats = |latNS = N | longd = 75.5563 |longm = |longs = |longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = രാജ്യം | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|സംസ്ഥാനം]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|പഞ്ചാബ്]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|ജില്ല]] | subdivision_name2 = [[കപൂർത്തല district|കപൂർത്തല]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref>tags --> | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2011<ref name="CensusData">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html 2011ലെ സെൻസസ് കണക്കുകൾ]]</ref> | population_footnotes = | population_total = 675 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 338/337[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = ഭാഷ | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|പഞ്ചാബി]] | demographics1_title2 = Other spoken | demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|ഹിന്ദി]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|ഇന്ത്യൻ സ്റ്റാൻഡേഡ് സമയം]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|പിൻകോഡ്]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | registration_plate = | iso_code = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} [[പഞ്ചാബ്,_ഇന്ത്യ|പഞ്ചാബ്]] സംസ്ഥാനത്തെ [[കപൂർത്തല]] ജില്ലയിലെ ഒരു വില്ലേജാണ് '''മുബാറക്‌പൂർ'''. കപൂർത്തല ജില്ലാ ആസ്ഥാനത്തുനിന്നും 10 കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയാണ് മുബാറക്‌പൂർ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. മുബാറക്‌പൂർ വില്ലേജിന്റെ പരമാധികാരി [[സർപഞ്ച്|സർപഞ്ചാണ്]]. ജനങ്ങൾ തെരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്ന പ്രതിനിധിയാണ് സർപഞ്ച്. ==ജനസംഖ്യ== 2011 ലെ ഇന്ത്യൻ [[കാനേഷുമാരി]] വിവരമനുസരിച്ച് മുബാറക്‌പൂർ ൽ 151 വീടുകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ആകെ ജനസംഖ്യ 675 ആയിരുന്നു. ഇതിൽ 338 പുരുഷന്മാരും 337 സ്ത്രീകളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. മുബാറക്‌പൂർ ലെ സാക്ഷരതാ നിരക്ക് 74.81 ശതമാനമാണ്. ഇത് സംസ്ഥാന ശരാശരിയായ 75.84 ലും താഴെയാണ്. മുബാറക്‌പൂർ ലെ 6 വയസ്സിനു താഴെയുള്ള കുട്ടികളുടെ എണ്ണം 65 ആണ്. ഇത് മുബാറക്‌പൂർ ലെ ആകെ ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 9.63 ശതമാനമാണ്. <ref name="CensusData">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html 2011ലെ സെൻസസ് കണക്കുകൾ]]</ref> 2011 ലെ ജനസംഖ്യാ കണക്കെടുപ്പ് രേഖകൾ പ്രകാരം 163 ആളുകൾ വിവിധ തൊഴിലുകളിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിൽ 154 പുരുഷന്മാരും 9 സ്ത്രീകളും ഉണ്ട്. 2011 ലെ കാനേഷുമാരി പ്രകാരം 95.71 ശതമാനം ആളുകൾ അവരുടെ ജോലി പ്രധാന വരുമാനമാർഗ്ഗമായി കണക്കാക്കുന്നു എന്നാൽ 12.88 ശതമാനം പേർ അവരുടെ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ ജോലി അടുത്ത 6 മാസത്തേക്കുള്ള താത്കാലിക വരുമാനമായി കാണുന്നു. ==ജാതി== മുബാറക്‌പൂർ ലെ 297 പേരും പട്ടിക ജാതി വിഭാഗത്തിൽ പെടുന്നു. 0 പേർ പട്ടിക വർഗ്ഗ വിഭാഗത്തിലുള്ളവരാണ്. ==ജനസംഖ്യാവിവരം== {|class="wikitable sortable" ! വിവരണം !! ആകെ !! സ്ത്രീ !! പുരുഷൻ |- | ആകെ വീടുകൾ ||151 || - ||- |- | ജനസംഖ്യ ||675 ||338 ||337 |- | കുട്ടികൾ (0-6) || 65 ||35 ||30 |- | പട്ടികജാതി ||297 || 158 ||139 |- | പട്ടിക വർഗ്ഗം ||0 ||0 ||0 |- | സാക്ഷരത ||74.81 % ||51.88 % ||48.12 % |- | ആകെ ജോലിക്കാർ ||163 ||154 || 9 |- | ജീവിതവരുമാനമുള്ള ജോലിക്കാർ || 156 ||149 ||7 |- |താത്കാലിക തൊഴിലെടുക്കുന്നവർ ||21 || 16 ||5 |- |} ==കപൂർത്തല ജില്ലയിലെ വില്ലേജുകൾ == {{Main article| കപൂർത്തല ജില്ലയിലെ വില്ലേജുകളുടെ പട്ടിക}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx കപൂർത്തല ജില്ലയിലെ വില്ലേജുകൾ] ==അവലംബങ്ങൾ== {{Reflist}} [[Category:കപൂർത്തല ജില്ലയിലെ വില്ലേജുകൾ]] rr8v85vyq6xqbs6boa322dbt0np7qhb 0 351635 4644367 4564977 2026-07-08T09:31:33Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|Cadaba fruticosa}} {{taxobox |image = Indian Cadaba (Cadaba fruticosa) flower in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7546.jpg |status = |status_system = |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Brassicales]] |familia = [[Capparaceae]] |genus = ''[[Cadaba]]'' |species = '''''C. fruticosa''''' |binomial = ''Cadaba fruticosa'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[George Claridge Druce|Druce]] | synonyms = ''Cleome fruticosa'' <small>L.</small> }} [[Capparaceae|കപ്പാരേസീ]] [[കുടുംബം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)|സസ്യകുടുംബ]]<nowiki/>ത്തിലെ ഒരു [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി|കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ്]] '''കാട്ടകത്തി''' അഥവാ '''വിഴുതി'''. {{ശാനാ|Cadaba fruticosa}}. തെക്കേഷ്യൻ തദ്ദേശവാസിയാണ്. [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ|ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ]] നഷ്ടത്താൽ ഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്നുണ്ട്. വിഴുതി എന്നു തമിഴിലും അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഈ ചെടി 2000 വർഷത്തോളമായി [[സിദ്ധവൈദ്യം|സിദ്ധ]] ഔഷധങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിച്ചുപോരുന്നു. [[Belenois aurota|കരീര വെളുമ്പൻ]], [[Colotis aurora|ചോരത്തുഞ്ചൻ]], [[Colotis danae|ചെഞ്ചോരത്തുഞ്ചൻ]], [[Colotis etrida|ചെറുചോരത്തുഞ്ചൻ]], [[Spindasis vulcanus|വെള്ളിവരയൻ ശലഭം]], [[Moduza procris|വെള്ളിലത്തോഴി]], [[Cepora nerissa|നാട്ടുപാത്ത]] എന്നീ ശലഭ-ലാർവകളുടെ [[ശലഭപ്പുഴുക്കളുടെ ഭക്ഷണസസ്യങ്ങൾ|ഭക്ഷണസസ്യമാണ്]] ഇത്.<ref>http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/larval-host-plants/145/Cadaba-fruticosa</ref> == അവലംബം == * Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?420221 ''Cadaba fruticosa'']. Downloaded on 29 September 2008. * {{Cite book|url=http://www.environmentmin.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/red%20list%20book.pdf|title=The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka|date=2012|publisher=The Ministry of Environment|location=Colombo, Sri Lanka|pages=1-476|access-date=2016-10-12|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034950/http://www.environmentmin.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/red%20list%20book.pdf|url-status=dead}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{WS|Cadaba fruticosa}} {{CC|Cadaba fruticosa}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഏഷ്യയിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ശലഭപ്പുഴുക്കളുടെ ഭക്ഷണസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] prdq93dh3skaa5p6mho1jk0ozr5jre8 0 352755 4644269 4629618 2026-07-07T20:01:09Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Sir എൽട്ടൺ ജോൺ | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|CBE}} | image = Elton John 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG | caption = John at the 2011 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] | birth_name = Reginald Kenneth Dwight | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1947|3|25}} | birth_place = [[Pinner]], [[Middlesex]], England, UK | other_names = എൽട്ടൺ ഹെർക്കുലീസ് ജോൺ | occupation = {{flatlist| *Musician *singer-songwriter *composer}}<!-- Please see Talk page before editing occupation. --> | years_active = 1963–present | spouse = {{marriage|Renate Blauel|1984|1988|end=divorced}}<br />{{marriage|[[David Furnish]]|2014}} | children = 2 | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Rock music|Rock]] * [[piano rock]] * [[pop rock]] * [[glam rock]] * [[soft rock]] * [[rhythm and blues]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * piano }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Philips Records|ഫിലിപ്സ്]] * [[Congress Records|കോൺഗ്രസ്]] * [[DJM Records|DJM]] * [[Uni Records|Uni]] * [[Paramount Records (1969)|പാരാമൗണ്ട്]] * [[MCA Records|MCA]] * [[Geffen Records|ജെഫെൻ]] * [[The Rocket Record Company|റോക്കറ്റ്]] * [[Island Records|ഐലാൻഡ്]] * [[Universal Records (defunct record label)|യൂണിവേഴ്സൽ]] * [[Mercury Records|മെർക്കുറി]] * [[Universal Music Group|UMG]] * [[Virgin EMI Records|Virgin EMI]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Bernie Taupin|ബെർണി ടോപ്പിൻ]] * [[Eric Clapton|എറിക് ക്ലാപ്‌ടൺ]] * [[Tim Rice|ടിം റൈസ്]] * [[John Lennon|ജോൺ ലെനൻ]] * [[Kiki Dee|കിക്കി ഡീ]] * [[Billy Joel|ബില്ലി ജോയൽ]] * [[George Michael|ജോർജ്ജ് മൈക്കൽ]] * [[Stevie Wonder|സ്റ്റീവി വണ്ടർ]] }} | website = {{URL|eltonjohn.com}} }} }} [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്]] ഗായകനും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും സംവിധായകനുമാണ് '''സർ എൽട്ടൺ ഹെർക്കുലീസ് ജോൺ''', CBE<span style="font-size:85%;"></span> (ജനനം 25 മാർച്ച് 1947),<ref name="whoswho"><cite class="citation book">[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U22070 ''JOHN, Sir Elton'']. </cite></ref><ref name="BiographyBio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/elton-john-9355335|title=Elton John – Songwriter, Singer|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=Biography.com}}</ref><ref name="AllmusicBio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/elton-john-mn0000796734/biography|title=Artist Biography [Elton John]|access-date=31 March 2014|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>.അഞ്ച് പതിറ്റാണ്ടിലേറെ നീണ്ട തന്റെ സംഗീത ജീവിതത്തിനിടയിൽ 30 കോടിയിലധികം ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച എൽട്ടൺ ജോൺ എറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച കലാകാരന്മാരിൽ ഒരാളാണ്.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/09/23/elton-john-still-standing-for-gay-rights-family-tammy-faye-bakker/2852913/|title=Elton still standing for gay rights, home, Tammy Faye|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|date=23 September 2013|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/imam-calls-elton-john-devils-642452|title=Russian Imam against Elton John Concert|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|date=3 October 2013|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> 1970 മുതൽ 2000 വരെയുള്ള തുടർച്ചയായ 31 വർഷം [[ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100]] ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒരു ഗാനം എങ്കിലും ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെതായി ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു.[[ഡയാന സ്പെൻസർ|ഡയാന രാജകുമാരിയുടെ]] മരണശേഷം അവർക്കായി പുറത്തിറക്കിയ , " കാൻഡിൽ ഇൻ ദ വൈൻഡ് 1997" എന്ന ഗാനത്തിന്റെ 3.3 കോടി പ്രതികളാണ് ലോകമെമ്പാടുമായി വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളത്. അമേരിക്കയിലും ബ്രിട്ടനിലും ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിറ്റഴിച്ച ഗാനം ഇതാണ്.<ref name="AFP">{{Cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?resultpage=2&id=3abf3ec8-ef5b-58f9-e949-3b57f5e313df|title=RIAA News Room – The American Recording Industry Announces its Artists of the Century|access-date=8 February 2010|date=10 November 1999|website=Recording Industry Association of America website|publisher=[[RIAA]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091726/http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?resultpage=2&id=3abf3ec8-ef5b-58f9-e949-3b57f5e313df|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead|quote='Candle in the Wind 1997' soon surpassed Bing Crosby's 'White Christmas' to become the best-selling single of all time.}}</ref><ref name="RSTO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/elton-john/biography|title=Elton John: Biography – Rolling Stone Music|access-date=27 September 2014|website=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref><ref name="Guinness">{{Cite book | title = ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' 2009 states that "Candle in the Wind 1997" is the "best-selling single since charts began". John's 1997 song has sold the most copies when looking at copies sold since charts began, as verified in ''Guinness World Records'' | isbn = 1-904994-37-7 }}</ref> 1976 മുതൽ 1987 വരെയും 1997 മുതൽ 2002 വരെയും [[വാറ്റ്ഫോർഡ് ഫുട്ബേൾ ക്ലബ്ബ്]] ഉടമസ്ഥനായ ജോൺ നിലവിൽ ആ ക്ലബിന്റെ ഹോണററി അധ്യക്ഷനാണ്. 2014 ഈ ക്ലബ്ബിന്റെ ഹോം ഗ്രൗണ്ടിലെ ഗാലറിയിൽ ഒരു ഭാഗത്തിനു ജോണിന്റെ പേരു നൽകിയിരുന്നു. അഞ്ച് [[ഗ്രാമി]] പുരസ്കാരം അഞ്ച് [[ബ്രിട്ട്]] പുരസ്കാരം ഒരു [[ഓസ്കാർ]] ഒരു [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്]] ഒരു [[ടോണി പുരസ്കാരം]] തുടങ്ങി നിരവധി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ നേടിയിട്ടുള്ള എൽട്ടൺ ജോണിനെ റോളിംഗ്സ്റ്റോൺ മാഗസിൻ റോക്ക് ആൻഡ് റോൾ കാലഘട്ടത്തിലെ 100 ഏറ്റവും സ്വാധീനമുള്ള സംഗീതജ്ഞരിൽ 49 സ്ഥാനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty|title=The Immortals: The First Fifty|date=2 December 2010|website=Rolling Stone|access-date=2016-10-21|archive-date=2008-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625061212/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2013 ൽ, ''ബിൽബോർഡ്'' ജോണിനെ ഏറ്റവും വിജയിച്ച പുരുഷ സംഗീതകാരനായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/5557800/hot-100-55th-anniversary-by-the-numbers-top-100-artists-most-no|title=Hot 100 55th Anniversary by the Numbers: Top 100 Artists, Most No. 1s, Biggest No. 2s & More|date=2 August 2013|work=Billboard|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> 1994 ൽ [[റോക്ക് ആൻഡ് റോൾ ഹോൾ ഓഫ് ഫെയിം]] മിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള ജോൺ സോംഗ് റൈറ്റേഴ്സ് ഹോൾ ഓഫ് ഫെയ്മിലും ഇടം കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. 1998-ൽ സംഗീതത്തിനും സാമൂഹിക സേവനത്തിനുമുള്ള ബഹുമതിയായി ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് രാജ്ഞി സർ ബഹുമതി നൽകി ആദരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/about/bio.jsp|title=About: All About Elton: Bio|access-date=6 August 2010|publisher=Elton John|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715143032/http://www.eltonjohn.com/about/bio.jsp|archive-date=15 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> എയിഡ്സിനെതിരെയുള്ള പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങളിൽ ശക്തമായി ഇടപെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള ജോൺ 1992-ൽ എൽട്ടൺ ജോൺ എയിഡ്സ് ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു.ഇത് ഇതുവരെ ഏകദേശം 20 കോടി ഡോളർ സമാഹരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejaf.org/|title=Elton John AIDS Foundation|access-date=6 August 2010|publisher=Ejaf.org}}</ref><ref name="Foundation">{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/video/idUSTRE69I01I20101019?videoId=163898263|title=Elton John on his idol, Leon Russell|agency=[[Reuters]]|access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref> 1976 ൽ ഉഭയലൈംഗികാഭിമുഖ്യം പുലർത്തുവെന്നു പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ച ജോൺ 1988 മുതൽ സ്വവർഗ്ഗാനുരാഗിയാണ്. സ്വവർഗ്ഗ വിവാഹം ബ്രിട്ടണിൽ നിയമ വിധേയമായതിനു ശേഷം 2014-ൽ ജോൺ തന്റെ പങ്കാളിയായ ഡേവിഡ് ഫർണിഷിനെ വിവാഹം ചെയ്തു. == ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം == സ്റ്റാൻലി ഡ്വൈറ്റിന്റെ (1925–1991) മൂത്തമകനും ഷീലാ എലീന്റെ ഏകമകനും (നീ ഹാരിസ്; 1925–2017), <ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1435132/Family-detective-Elton-John.html |title=Family Detective: Elton John |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=22 November 2006 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |last=Barratt |first=Nick |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Elton John 'in shock' after his mother dies aged 92 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42220913 |accessdate=12 November 2018 |work=BBC News | date=4 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Elton John's father didn't approve of his career path |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11542512 |accessdate=12 November 2018 |work=NZ Herald |archive-date=2018-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113030241/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11542512 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ആയ എൽട്ടൺ ജോൺ എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന റെജിനാൾഡ് കെന്നത്ത് ഡ്വൈറ്റ് 1947 മാർച്ച് 25 ന് മിഡിൽസെക്സിലെ [[Pinner|പിന്നറിൽ]] ജനിച്ചു. പിന്നറിലെ ഒരു [[Council house|കൗൺസിൽ ഹൗസിൽ]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മുത്തശ്ശിമാർ വളർത്തി. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ 1945-ൽ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ചപ്പോൾ <ref>GRO Register of Marriages: MAR 1945 3a 1257 Dwight Stanley = Harris Sheila E</ref>കുടുംബം അടുത്തുള്ള ഭാഗികമായി വേർതിരിച്ച വീട്ടിലേക്ക് മാറി. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onthisveryspot.com/spot/Elton_John_Birthplace |title=55 Pinner Hill Road |publisher=On This Very Spot |date=25 March 1947 |accessdate=25 February 2009 |archive-date=2009-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115210301/http://www.onthisveryspot.com/spot/Elton_John_Birthplace |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Barratt |first=Nick |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/exclusions/familyhistory/fheltonjohn.xml |title=Family detective: Elton John |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 November 2006 |accessdate=25 February 2009 |location=London |archive-date=2008-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226173717/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2Fexclusions%2Ffamilyhistory%2Ffheltonjohn.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onthisveryspot.com/spot/111_Potter_Street |title=111 Potter Street |publisher=On This Very Spot |date=15 July 2007 |accessdate=25 February 2009 |archive-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406053021/http://www.onthisveryspot.com/spot/111_Potter_Street |url-status=dead }}</ref> പിന്നർ വുഡ് ജൂനിയർ സ്കൂൾ, റെഡ്ഡിഫോർഡ് സ്കൂൾ, പിന്നർ കൗണ്ടി ഗ്രാമർ സ്കൂൾ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് 17 വയസ്സ് വരെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി. സംഗീതത്തിൽ ഒരു കരിയർ നേടുന്നതിനായി എ-ലെവൽ പരീക്ഷകൾക്ക് തൊട്ടുമുമ്പ് അദ്ദേഹം സംഗീതരംഗത്ത് തുടർന്നു.<ref name="Norman">{{cite book |last=Norman |first=Philip |authorlink=Philip Norman (author) |date=1991 |title=Elton John |url=https://archive.org/details/eltonjohn0000norm |publisher=Fireside |isbn=0671797298}}</ref><ref name="Rosenthal">Elizabeth Rosenthal, ''His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John'', Billboard Books, 2001.</ref><ref name="VisualDoc">{{cite book |title=Elton John: The Visual Documentary |first=Nigel |last=Goodall |year=1993 |publisher=[[Omnibus Press]] |isbn=0-7119-3078-3}}</ref> ജോൺ സംഗീതരംഗത്തെ ഗൗരവമായി പരിഗണിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങിയപ്പോൾ, റോയൽ എയർഫോഴ്‌സിൽ ഫ്ലൈറ്റ് ലഫ്റ്റനന്റായി സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ച പിതാവ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ബാങ്കിംഗ് പോലുള്ള പരമ്പരാഗത കരിയറിലേക്ക് നയിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ചു. <ref name="Norman"/>തന്റെ നിയന്ത്രിത ബാല്യകാലത്തെ പിന്തുടരാനുള്ള വഴിയായിരുന്നു തന്റെ ഇണങ്ങാത്ത സ്റ്റേജ് വസ്ത്രങ്ങളും പ്രവൃത്തികളും എന്ന് ജോൺ പറഞ്ഞു. <ref name="VisualDoc" /> മാതാപിതാക്കൾ രണ്ടുപേരും സംഗീതപരമായി ചായ്‌വുള്ളവരായിരുന്നു. സൈനിക നൃത്തങ്ങളിൽ കളിച്ചിരുന്ന സെമി പ്രൊഫഷണൽ ബിഗ് ബാൻഡായ ബോബ് മില്ലർ ബാൻഡിനൊപ്പം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവ് കൊമ്പുവാദ്യം വായിച്ചിരുന്നു.<ref name="VisualDoc" /> ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ ജോൺ മുത്തശ്ശിയുടെ [[പിയാനോ]] വായിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/15/668291963/watch-elton-john-get-worse-at-the-piano-in-time-traveling-christmas-ad|title=Tear-Jerker British Ad Re-Creates Elton John's Christmas Past|work=NPR.org|accessdate=18 November 2018}}</ref> ഒരു വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ [[Winifred Atwell|വിനിഫ്രഡ് ആറ്റ്വെല്ലിന്റെ]] "[[Les Patineurs (waltz)|ദി സ്കേറ്റേഴ്സ് വാൾട്ട്സ്]]" രഹസ്യമായി കേൾക്കുന്നത് അമ്മ കേട്ടു. <ref name="Norman"/><ref name="Rosenthal"/> ഇത് പാർട്ടികളിലും കുടുംബ സംഗമങ്ങളിലും അവതരിപ്പിച്ചതിനുശേഷം ഏഴാമത്തെ വയസ്സിൽ അദ്ദേഹം പിയാനോ പാഠങ്ങൾ ഔപചാരികമായി പഠിക്കാൻ ആരംഭിച്ചു. മെലഡികൾ രചിക്കാനുള്ള കഴിവ് ഉൾപ്പെടെ സ്കൂളിൽ സംഗീത അഭിരുചി കാണിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം സ്കൂൾ ചടങ്ങുകളിൽ [[Jerry Lee Lewis|ജെറി ലീ ലൂയിസിനെപ്പോലെ]] വായിച്ച് കുപ്രസിദ്ധി നേടി. പതിനൊന്നാമത്തെ വയസ്സിൽ റോയൽ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് മ്യൂസിക്കിൽ ജൂനിയർ സ്കോളർഷിപ്പ് നേടി. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അധ്യാപകർ പറയുന്നതനുസരിച്ച്, ജോൺ ഒരു ഗ്രാമഫോൺ റെക്കോർഡ് പോലെ, [[ജോർജ്ജ് ഫ്രെഡെറിക് ഹാൻഡൽ|ജോർജ്ജ് ഫ്രിഡറിക് ഹാൻഡെലിന്റെ]] നാല് പേജുള്ള രചന ആദ്യമായി കേട്ടതിനുശേഷം വായിച്ചു.<ref name="Rosenthal"/> [[File:Royal Academy of Music.jpg|thumb|right|എൽട്ടൺ ജോൺ (റെഗ് ഡ്വൈറ്റ് എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു) ലണ്ടനിലെ റോയൽ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് മ്യൂസിക്കിൽ അഞ്ച് വർഷം പഠിച്ചു.]] == അവലംബം == {{Reflist|30em}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1947-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മത വിമർശകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി ലെജൻഡ് അവാർഡ്]] crp58w9otzbjzyhtlbvsbgrgy4w3sv5 0 356575 4644274 3795955 2026-07-07T21:58:42Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Opiliaceae}} {{taxobox |name = ഒപ്പിലിയേസീ |image = Opilia amentacea.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Opilia amentacea]]''<ref>1798 illustration by Joseph Banks (1743-1820) - Plants of the coast of Coromandel vol. 2 plate 158 (http://www.botanicus.org/page/687647{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ജൂലൈ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]] |ordo = [[Santalales]] |familia = '''Opiliaceae''' |familia_authority = [[Theodoric Valeton|Valeton]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] |subdivision = *''[[Agonandra]]'' *''[[Cansjera]]'' *''[[Champereia]]'' *''[[Gjellerupia]]'' *''[[Lepionurus]]'' *''[[Melientha]]'' *''[[Opilia]]'' *''[[Pentarhopalopilia]]' *''[[Rhopalopilia]]'' *''[[Urobotrya]]'' |}} [[പ്രമാണം:Agonandra_brasiliensis_2.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|അഗോണാന്ദ്ര ബ്രസീലിയൻസിസ്]] 11 [[ജനുസ്|ജനുസുകളിലായി]], അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന 33 [[സ്പീഷിസ്|സ്പീഷിസുകൾ]] ഉള്ള [[സപുഷ്പി]]കളിലെ ഒരു [[സസ്യകുടുംബം|സസ്യകുടുംബമാണ്]] '''ഒപ്പിലിയേസീ (Opiliaceae)'''.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{Cite journal|url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598|title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase|last=Christenhusz, M. J. M., and Byng, J. W.|journal=Phytotaxa|publisher=Magnolia Press|issue=3|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1|year=2016|volume=261|pages=201–217}}</ref> ഉഷ്ണമേഖലകളിൽ കാണുന്ന വൃക്ഷങ്ങളാണ് ഇവ. പല ജനുസുകളിലും [[പരാദസസ്യം|പരാദസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] കാണാറുണ്ട്. [[അമേരിക്ക]]യിൽ കാണുന്ന ഏക ജനുസായ [[അഗോനാന്ദ്ര|അഗോണാന്ദ്ര]]യാണ് (Agonandra) എണ്ണം കൊണ്ടും വലിപ്പം കൊണ്ടും ഏറ്റവും വലിയ ജനുസ്. == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/opiliace.htm Opiliaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208094636/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/opiliace.htm |date=2006-02-08 }} in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 2 June 2006. http://delta-intkey.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }} * [http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Opiliaceae/index.html Opiliaceae at Parasitic Plants] * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=26818&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] * {{Commons-inline|Opiliaceae|''Opiliaceae''}} * {{Wikispecies-inline|Opiliaceae|''Opiliaceae''}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:യൂഡികോട് കുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഒപ്പിലിയേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സന്റാലലേസ്]] {{സസ്യകുടുംബം}} a0fywaz0lsfncky0c9sgfo6daxihmc5 0 356806 4644364 4565537 2026-07-08T09:28:28Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Ipsea malabarica}} {{Taxobox | image = Ipsea malabarica flowers at Silent Valley National Park.jpg | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] | ordo = [[Asparagales]] | familia = [[Orchidaceae]] | genus=''[[Ipsea]]'' | species = '''''I. malabarica''''' | binomial = ''Ipsea malabarica'' | binomial_authority = (Reichb.f.) Hook.f. }} [[പശ്ചിമഘട്ടം|തെക്കെപശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ]], ഉയർന്നപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന, [[ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു നില-ഓർക്കിഡ് ആണ് '''കനകകാന്തി'''. {{ശാനാ|Ipsea malabarica}}. '''Malabar daffodil orchid''' എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ഏറെക്കാലം വന്യതയിൽ കാണപ്പെടാതിരുന്ന ഈ [[ഓർക്കിഡ്]] 1982 -ൽ [[K. S. Manilal|കെ. എസ്. മണിലാൽ]] ആണ് [[Silent Valley|സൈലന്റ് വാലിയിൽ]] നിന്നും കണ്ടെത്തിയത്.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Manilal, K.S. |author2= C.S. Kumar |year= 1983|title= Rediscovery of Ipsea malabarica Hook.f. - an endemic orchid species from Silent Valley, Kerala. |journal= Bull. Pure & Appl. Sci. Res.|volume=2C|pages=38-41}}</ref> വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ള ഈ ചെടിയെ [[ടിഷ്യു കൾച്ചർ, സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ|ടിഷ്യൂ കൾച്ചർ]] വഴി കൂടുതലായി ഉത്പ്പാദിപ്പിച്ച് വനത്തിൽ പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ ശ്രമങ്ങൾ നടത്തുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Indian Journal of Experimental Biology|year= 2005 |volume=43|issue=9|pages=829-834| title=Rapid in vitro propagation of the threatened endemic orchid, Ipsea malabarica (Reichb.f.) J D Hook through protocorm-like bodies|author1=Martin KP|author2= Madassery J.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= A Synopsis of Ipsea (Orchidaceae)|url= https://archive.org/details/sim_kew-bulletin_1987_42_4/page/937| author1=Kumar, C. Sathish| author2=Manilal, K.S.| journal=Kew Bulletin| volume=42| issue=4| year=1987| pages=937-943 | doi=10.2307/4109942 }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.bgci.org/worldwide/article/0131/ കൂടുതലായി അറിയാൻ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515210927/http://www.bgci.org/worldwide/article/0131/ |date=2008-05-15 }} * {{Commons-inline|Ipsea malabarica|''Ipsea malabarica''}} * {{Wikispecies-inline|Ipsea malabarica|''Ipsea malabarica''}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കുറ്റിച്ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലങ്കാരസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] r3jo19ncbjmfcdplrv45xcy183p9z74 0 358767 4644339 3553670 2026-07-08T08:19:29Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Koodal}} {{Infobox settlement | name = കൂടൽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = പട്ടണം | image_skyline = Water falls at Rajagiri estate in Koodal.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = കൂടലിലെ രാജഗിരി എസ്റ്റേറ്റിലുള്ള വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India | coordinates = {{coord|9|9|0|N|76|51|0|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|സംസ്ഥാനം]] | subdivision_name1 = [[കേരളം]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|ജില്ല]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Pathanamthitta district|പത്തനംതിട്ട]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 17875 (as per censusindia.gov.in) | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ഭാഷകൾ | demographics1_title1 = ഔദ്യോഗികം | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|മലയാളം]], [[English language|ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|പിൻകോഡ്]] | postal_code = 689693 | area_code_type = ടെലിഫോൺ കോഡ് | area_code = 914682, 914734 | registration_plate = KL-3 , KL-26& KL-83 | blank1_name_sec1 = അടുത്തുള്ള നഗരം | blank1_info_sec1 = പത്തനംതിട്ട | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|സ്ത്രീ-പുരാഷാനുപാതം]] | blank2_info_sec1 = പുരുഷൻമാർ-8441, സ്ത്രീകൾ-9443 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | blank3_name_sec1 = സാക്ഷരത | blank3_info_sec1 = 95%% | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|ലോക്സഭാ]] മണ്ഡലം | blank4_info_sec1 = പത്തനംതിട്ട | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|കാലാവസ്ഥ]] | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|സാധാരണം]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small> | website = | footnotes = }} [[File:Koodal Market.jpg|thumb|കൂടൽ ചന്ത]] [[File:Koodal Village Office.jpg|thumb|വില്ലേജ് ഓഫീസ്]] [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[കോന്നി|കോന്നി താലൂക്കിൽ]] കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ ഭാഗമായ ഒരു പ്രദേശമാണ് '''കൂടൽ'''. [[പുനലൂർ]] ,[[കോന്നി]] റോഡിലാണ് ഇത് സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. ==സ്ഥാനം== [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[കോന്നി]]ക്കും [[കൊല്ലം ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[പത്തനാപുരം|പത്തനാപുരത്തിനും]] ഇടയിൽ പുനലൂർ-പത്തനംതിട്ട-മൂവാറ്റുപുഴ റോഡിനു (സംസ്ഥാനപാത 08) സമീപമാണ് കൂടൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. സാംസ്കാരിക പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്കും മറ്റുമായി പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ മേൽനോട്ടത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റേഡിയം ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koodal_Panchayath_Stadium.jpg</ref> ==എത്തിച്ചേരുവാൻ== [[പത്തനാപുരം|പത്തനാപുരത്തു]] നിന്ന് 6 കി.മീ.ഉം [[കോന്നി]]യിൽ നിന്ന് 11 കി.മീ.ഉം അകലെയുള്ള കൂടൽ ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ എത്തിച്ചേരുവാൻ റോഡ് ഗതാഗത സൗകര്യം ലഭ്യമാണ്. === തീവണ്ടി നിലയങ്ങൾ === * [[ചെങ്ങന്നൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം]] * [[തിരുവല്ല തീവണ്ടി നിലയം]] === വിമാനത്താവളം === * [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-08-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902180351/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp |archivedate=2016-09-02 |df= }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമങ്ങൾ]] m46lkxk54vuc88eww6j536n90p7xp28 4644340 4644339 2026-07-08T08:20:20Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Koodal}} {{Infobox settlement | name = കൂടൽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = പട്ടണം | image_skyline = Water falls at Rajagiri estate in Koodal.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = കൂടലിലെ രാജഗിരി എസ്റ്റേറ്റിലുള്ള വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India | coordinates = {{coord|9|9|0|N|76|51|0|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|സംസ്ഥാനം]] | subdivision_name1 = [[കേരളം]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|ജില്ല]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Pathanamthitta district|പത്തനംതിട്ട]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 17875 (as per censusindia.gov.in) | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ഭാഷകൾ | demographics1_title1 = ഔദ്യോഗികം | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|മലയാളം]], [[English language|ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|പിൻകോഡ്]] | postal_code = 689693 | area_code_type = ടെലിഫോൺ കോഡ് | area_code = 914682, 914734 | registration_plate = KL-3 , KL-26& KL-83 | blank1_name_sec1 = അടുത്തുള്ള നഗരം | blank1_info_sec1 = പത്തനംതിട്ട | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|സ്ത്രീ-പുരാഷാനുപാതം]] | blank2_info_sec1 = പുരുഷൻമാർ-8441, സ്ത്രീകൾ-9443 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | blank3_name_sec1 = സാക്ഷരത | blank3_info_sec1 = 95%% | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|ലോക്സഭാ]] മണ്ഡലം | blank4_info_sec1 = പത്തനംതിട്ട | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|കാലാവസ്ഥ]] | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|സാധാരണം]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small> | website = | footnotes = }} [[File:Koodal Market.jpg|thumb|കൂടൽ ചന്ത]] [[File:Koodal Village Office.jpg|thumb|വില്ലേജ് ഓഫീസ്]] [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[കോന്നി|കോന്നി താലൂക്കിൽ]] [[കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|കലഞ്ഞൂർ ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ]] ഭാഗമായ ഒരു പ്രദേശമാണ് '''കൂടൽ'''. [[പുനലൂർ]] ,[[കോന്നി]] റോഡിലാണ് ഇത് സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. ==സ്ഥാനം== [[പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[കോന്നി]]ക്കും [[കൊല്ലം ജില്ല]]യിലെ [[പത്തനാപുരം|പത്തനാപുരത്തിനും]] ഇടയിൽ പുനലൂർ-പത്തനംതിട്ട-മൂവാറ്റുപുഴ റോഡിനു (സംസ്ഥാനപാത 08) സമീപമാണ് കൂടൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. സാംസ്കാരിക പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്കും മറ്റുമായി പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ മേൽനോട്ടത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റേഡിയം ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koodal_Panchayath_Stadium.jpg</ref> ==എത്തിച്ചേരുവാൻ== [[പത്തനാപുരം|പത്തനാപുരത്തു]] നിന്ന് 6 കി.മീ.ഉം [[കോന്നി]]യിൽ നിന്ന് 11 കി.മീ.ഉം അകലെയുള്ള കൂടൽ ഗ്രാമത്തിൽ എത്തിച്ചേരുവാൻ റോഡ് ഗതാഗത സൗകര്യം ലഭ്യമാണ്. === തീവണ്ടി നിലയങ്ങൾ === * [[ചെങ്ങന്നൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം]] * [[തിരുവല്ല തീവണ്ടി നിലയം]] === വിമാനത്താവളം === * [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിമാനത്താവളം]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-08-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902180351/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/thiru_general.jsp |archivedate=2016-09-02 |df= }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} {{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}} {{പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമങ്ങൾ]] ejrsa6mk70z7eikfn2t0e5ah0p050mt 0 359927 4644415 4099755 2026-07-08T11:17:24Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ടിന ടർണർ | image = Tina Turner 1985 (cropped).jpg | caption = ടർണർ 1985-ൽ | alt = കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ നടന്ന 27-ാമത് ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡുകളിൽ ടീന ടർണർ പോസ് ചെയ്യുന്നു. | birth_name = അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക് | other_names = മാർത്ത നെൽ ടർണർ{{efn|name=mystery|In the late 1970s, Turner signed contracts as Martha Nell Bullock, creating questions about her birth name.<ref name=HA>Multiple sources: *{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldradio.com/hall-of-fame/tina-turner-songs-facts-ike-name-husband/|title=Tina Turner: From Little Ann to the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|website=Gold Radio|last=Nissim|first=Mayer |date=March 21, 2022|quote=She was apparently born Anna Mae Bullock, though Tina did also sign her contracts in the late 1970s as Martha Nell Bullock, leading to a bit of mystery about what her actual birth name is.}} *{{Cite web |url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s |title=Tina Turner Signed Contract (1977) .... Music Memorabilia Autographs {{!}} Lot #52395|date=October 2008|website=Heritage Auctions|access-date=July 31, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190731122402/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s|url-status=live}} *{{Cite news |title=Tina Turner – Signed Agreement (1978) .... Music Memorabilia {{!}} Lot #23263|url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=Heritage Auctions|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210816104230/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|url-status=live}} </ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|11|26}} | birth_place = [[ബ്രൗൺസ്‌വില്ലെ]], [[ടെന്നസി]], US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not the 'U.S., UK, and USSR')".--> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|5|24|1939|11|26}} | death_place = [[Küsnacht]], സൂറിച്ച്, സ്വിറ്റ്സർലൻഡ് | citizenship = {{Unbulleted list|United States (until 2013)|Switzerland (from 2013)}} | occupation = {{Flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * നടി * എഴുത്തുകാരി }} | years_active = 1958–2009 | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[ഐക്ക് ടർണർ]]|1962|1978|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|എർവിൻ ബാച്ച്|2013}}}} | children = 4<ref name="Tina Turner: Singer">{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2000 |title=Tina Turner: Singer |url= https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181202215439/https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=People}}</ref> | relatives = {{Unbulleted list|[[അലീൻ ബുള്ളോക്ക്]] (സഹോദരി)|[[അഫിഡ ടർണർ]] (മരുമകൾ)|[[യൂജിൻ ബ്രിഡ്ജസ്]] (first cousin once removed)}} | website = {{URL|thetinaturner.com}} | signature = Tina Turner signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = <!-- genres listed here are sourced in the article text -->{{flatlist| * [[Rock and roll]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a43994081/tina-turner-dead/ |title=Rest In Peace to Tina Turner, a True Rock 'n Roll Singer |last=Pierce |first=Charles P. |date=May 24, 2023 |work=Esquire |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83 |title=Tina Turner: legendary rock'n'roll singer dies aged 83 |last=Snapes |first=Laura |date=May 24, 2023 |work=The Guardian |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref> * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[Rock music|rock]] * [[Soul music|soul]] * [[Pop music|pop]] }} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{flatlist| * [[Sonja Records|Sonja]] * [[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]] * [[United Artists Records|United Artists]] * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * [[Parlophone]] * [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] }} | past_member_of = [[Ike & Tina Turner]] | discography = [[Tina Turner discography|Full list]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner|Full list]] }} }} [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|ബ്രിട്ടണിൽ]] ജനിച്ചു വളർന്ന ഒരു ഗായികയും നർത്തകിയും അഭിനേതാവും എഴുത്തുകാരിയുമാണ് '''ടിന ടർണർ''' (ജനനം '''അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക്'''; നവംബർ 26, 1939) ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളായ ടിന ''ക്യൂൻ ഓഫ് റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ'' എന്നാണ് വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name="Rafferty">{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/50095/Tina-Turner-Queen-of-Rock-n-Roll/overview|title=Tina Turner: Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|last=Rafferty|first=Terrence|date=July 27, 2008|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 27, 2008}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="vogue">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1551329/tina-turner-covers-vogue-germany|title=Tina Turner Covers Vogue Germany|last=DelliCarpini Jr.|first=Gregory|date=March 11, 2013|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=October 24, 2015}}</ref> ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിജയിച്ച വനിതാ റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ കലാകാരിയായ ഇവർ,<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/tina-turner-9512276|title=Biography on Tina Turner|publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=September 3, 2008|work=Biography.com}}</ref> 8 [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം]] നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ചരിത്രത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ സംഗീത കച്ചേരികളുടെ ടിക്കറ്റ് വിറ്റഴിച്ച ഏകാംഗ കലാകാരി ടിന ടർണർ ആണ്.<ref name="rolling">{{cite journal|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17|title=The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time|date=November 27, 2008|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=April 6, 2009|issue=1066|page=73|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308063048/http://rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17 <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=March 8, 2009}}</ref> 18 കോടികളിലധികം ആൽബങ്ങൾ ലോകമെമ്പാടുമായി വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള ഇവർ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളാണ്<ref>http://www.duduki.net/cgi-bin/best-selling?lt=p&p=2</ref><ref>[http://gwiazdy.wp.pl/galeria/5948440544576641,4/tina-turner-76-letnia-gwiazda-wciaz-zachwyca.html "4 11: Tina Turner"], WP Gwiazdy, January 8, 2016.</ref> തന്റെ എനർജെറ്റിക്കായ സ്റ്റേജിലെ പ്രകടനം കൊണ്ടും ശക്തമായ ആലപന ശൈലി കൊണ്ടും നീണ്ട സംഗീത ജീവിതം കൊണ്ടും ശ്രദ്ധേയ ആയ ഇവരെ <ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|title=Amway Global to be Presenting Sponsor of 'Tina Turner Live in Concert' 2008|date=July 10, 2008|publisher=Reuters.com|accessdate=October 31, 2008|archive-date=2009-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110053556/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1991-ൽ [[റോക്ക് ആൻഡ് റോൾ ഹോൾ ഓഫ് ഫെയിം]]ൽ ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ട്..<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-first-woman|title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts first woman - Jan 03, 1987|access-date=February 8, 2016|website=HISTORY.com}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1939-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ അമേരിക്കൻ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2023-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] 84tgimf42oh62ecj5gtyjggxad6ebcb 4644416 4644415 2026-07-08T11:21:41Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ടിന ടർണർ | image = Tina Turner 1985 (cropped).jpg | caption = ടർണർ 1985-ൽ | alt = കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ നടന്ന 27-ാമത് ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡുകളിൽ ടീന ടർണർ പോസ് ചെയ്യുന്നു. | birth_name = അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക് | other_names = മാർത്ത നെൽ ടർണർ{{efn|name=mystery|In the late 1970s, Turner signed contracts as Martha Nell Bullock, creating questions about her birth name.<ref name=HA>Multiple sources: *{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldradio.com/hall-of-fame/tina-turner-songs-facts-ike-name-husband/|title=Tina Turner: From Little Ann to the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|website=Gold Radio|last=Nissim|first=Mayer |date=March 21, 2022|quote=She was apparently born Anna Mae Bullock, though Tina did also sign her contracts in the late 1970s as Martha Nell Bullock, leading to a bit of mystery about what her actual birth name is.}} *{{Cite web |url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s |title=Tina Turner Signed Contract (1977) .... Music Memorabilia Autographs {{!}} Lot #52395|date=October 2008|website=Heritage Auctions|access-date=July 31, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190731122402/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s|url-status=live}} *{{Cite news |title=Tina Turner – Signed Agreement (1978) .... Music Memorabilia {{!}} Lot #23263|url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=Heritage Auctions|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210816104230/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|url-status=live}} </ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|11|26}} | birth_place = [[ബ്രൗൺസ്‌വില്ലെ]], [[ടെന്നസി]], US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not the 'U.S., UK, and USSR')".--> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|5|24|1939|11|26}} | death_place = [[Küsnacht]], സൂറിച്ച്, സ്വിറ്റ്സർലൻഡ് | citizenship = {{Unbulleted list|United States (until 2013)|Switzerland (from 2013)}} | occupation = {{Flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * നടി * എഴുത്തുകാരി }} | years_active = 1958–2009 | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[ഐക്ക് ടർണർ]]|1962|1978|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|എർവിൻ ബാച്ച്|2013}}}} | children = 4<ref name="Tina Turner: Singer">{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2000 |title=Tina Turner: Singer |url= https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181202215439/https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=People}}</ref> | relatives = {{Unbulleted list|[[അലീൻ ബുള്ളോക്ക്]] (സഹോദരി)|[[അഫിഡ ടർണർ]] (മരുമകൾ)|[[യൂജിൻ ബ്രിഡ്ജസ്]] (first cousin once removed)}} | website = {{URL|thetinaturner.com}} | signature = Tina Turner signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = <!-- genres listed here are sourced in the article text -->{{flatlist| * [[Rock and roll]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a43994081/tina-turner-dead/ |title=Rest In Peace to Tina Turner, a True Rock 'n Roll Singer |last=Pierce |first=Charles P. |date=May 24, 2023 |work=Esquire |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83 |title=Tina Turner: legendary rock'n'roll singer dies aged 83 |last=Snapes |first=Laura |date=May 24, 2023 |work=The Guardian |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref> * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[Rock music|rock]] * [[Soul music|soul]] * [[Pop music|pop]] }} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{flatlist| * [[Sonja Records|Sonja]] * [[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]] * [[United Artists Records|United Artists]] * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * [[Parlophone]] * [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] }} | past_member_of = [[Ike & Tina Turner]] | discography = [[Tina Turner discography|Full list]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner|Full list]] }} }} [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|ബ്രിട്ടണിൽ]] ജനിച്ചു വളർന്ന ഒരു ഗായികയും നർത്തകിയും അഭിനേതാവും എഴുത്തുകാരിയുമാണ് '''ടിന ടർണർ''' (ജനനം '''അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക്'''; നവംബർ 26, 1939) ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളായ ടിന ''ക്യൂൻ ഓഫ് റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ'' എന്നാണ് വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name="Rafferty">{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/50095/Tina-Turner-Queen-of-Rock-n-Roll/overview|title=Tina Turner: Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|last=Rafferty|first=Terrence|date=July 27, 2008|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 27, 2008}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="vogue">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1551329/tina-turner-covers-vogue-germany|title=Tina Turner Covers Vogue Germany|last=DelliCarpini Jr.|first=Gregory|date=March 11, 2013|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=October 24, 2015}}</ref> ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിജയിച്ച വനിതാ റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ കലാകാരിയായ ഇവർ,<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/tina-turner-9512276|title=Biography on Tina Turner|publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=September 3, 2008|work=Biography.com}}</ref> 8 [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം]] നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ചരിത്രത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ സംഗീത കച്ചേരികളുടെ ടിക്കറ്റ് വിറ്റഴിച്ച ഏകാംഗ കലാകാരി ടിന ടർണർ ആണ്.<ref name="rolling">{{cite journal|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17|title=The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time|date=November 27, 2008|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=April 6, 2009|issue=1066|page=73|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308063048/http://rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17 <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=March 8, 2009}}</ref> 18 കോടികളിലധികം ആൽബങ്ങൾ ലോകമെമ്പാടുമായി വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള ഇവർ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളാണ്<ref>http://www.duduki.net/cgi-bin/best-selling?lt=p&p=2</ref><ref>[http://gwiazdy.wp.pl/galeria/5948440544576641,4/tina-turner-76-letnia-gwiazda-wciaz-zachwyca.html "4 11: Tina Turner"], WP Gwiazdy, January 8, 2016.</ref> തന്റെ എനർജെറ്റിക്കായ സ്റ്റേജിലെ പ്രകടനം കൊണ്ടും ശക്തമായ ആലപന ശൈലി കൊണ്ടും നീണ്ട സംഗീത ജീവിതം കൊണ്ടും ശ്രദ്ധേയ ആയ ഇവരെ <ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|title=Amway Global to be Presenting Sponsor of 'Tina Turner Live in Concert' 2008|date=July 10, 2008|publisher=Reuters.com|accessdate=October 31, 2008|archive-date=2009-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110053556/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1991-ൽ [[റോക്ക് ആൻഡ് റോൾ ഹോൾ ഓഫ് ഫെയിം]]ൽ ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-first-woman|title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts first woman - Jan 03, 1987|access-date=February 8, 2016|website=HISTORY.com}}</ref> == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1939 നവംബർ 26 ന് ടെന്നസിയിലെ ബ്രൗൺസ്‌വില്ലിൽ അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക് എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ടീന ടർണർ ജനിച്ചത്. മാതാപിതാക്കൾ ഫ്ലോയ്ഡ് ബുള്ളോക്കും സെൽമ ക്യൂറിയുമായിരുന്നു. ബുല്ലോക്ക് ആഫ്രിക്കൻ അമേരിക്കക്കാരനായിരുന്നു. ടെന്നസിയിലെ നട്ട്ബുഷിലെ ഗ്രാമീണ സംയോജിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടാത്ത ഗ്രാമീണ മേഖലയിലാണ് ബുള്ളക്കിന്റെ കുടുംബം താമസിച്ചിരുന്നത്. അവിടെ പിതാവ് ഹൈവേ 180 ലെ പോയിൻഡെക്സ്റ്റർ ഫാമിൽ ഷെയർക്രോപ്പർമാരുടെ മേൽനോട്ടക്കാരനായി ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ തന്നെ കുടുംബത്തോടൊപ്പം പരുത്തി വിളവെടുത്തിരുന്നതായി അവൾ പിന്നീട് ഓർമ്മിച്ചു. == References == {{Reflist|30em}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1939-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ അമേരിക്കൻ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2023-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] 98huf1f64zeg7uxja2hfgrtb50hfkn4 4644418 4644416 2026-07-08T11:32:36Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ടിന ടർണർ | image = Tina Turner 1985 (cropped).jpg | caption = ടർണർ 1985-ൽ | alt = കാലിഫോർണിയയിലെ ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിൽ നടന്ന 27-ാമത് ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡുകളിൽ ടീന ടർണർ പോസ് ചെയ്യുന്നു. | birth_name = അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക് | other_names = മാർത്ത നെൽ ടർണർ{{efn|name=mystery|In the late 1970s, Turner signed contracts as Martha Nell Bullock, creating questions about her birth name.<ref name=HA>Multiple sources: *{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldradio.com/hall-of-fame/tina-turner-songs-facts-ike-name-husband/|title=Tina Turner: From Little Ann to the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|website=Gold Radio|last=Nissim|first=Mayer |date=March 21, 2022|quote=She was apparently born Anna Mae Bullock, though Tina did also sign her contracts in the late 1970s as Martha Nell Bullock, leading to a bit of mystery about what her actual birth name is.}} *{{Cite web |url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s |title=Tina Turner Signed Contract (1977) .... Music Memorabilia Autographs {{!}} Lot #52395|date=October 2008|website=Heritage Auctions|access-date=July 31, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190731122402/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s|url-status=live}} *{{Cite news |title=Tina Turner – Signed Agreement (1978) .... Music Memorabilia {{!}} Lot #23263|url= https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=Heritage Auctions|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210816104230/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|url-status=live}} </ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|11|26}} | birth_place = [[ബ്രൗൺസ്‌വില്ലെ]], [[ടെന്നസി]], US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not the 'U.S., UK, and USSR')".--> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|5|24|1939|11|26}} | death_place = [[Küsnacht]], സൂറിച്ച്, സ്വിറ്റ്സർലൻഡ് | citizenship = {{Unbulleted list|United States (until 2013)|Switzerland (from 2013)}} | occupation = {{Flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * നടി * എഴുത്തുകാരി }} | years_active = 1958–2009 | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[ഐക്ക് ടർണർ]]|1962|1978|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|എർവിൻ ബാച്ച്|2013}}}} | children = 4<ref name="Tina Turner: Singer">{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2000 |title=Tina Turner: Singer |url= https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181202215439/https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/ |archive-date=December 2, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=People}}</ref> | relatives = {{Unbulleted list|[[അലീൻ ബുള്ളോക്ക്]] (സഹോദരി)|[[അഫിഡ ടർണർ]] (മരുമകൾ)|[[യൂജിൻ ബ്രിഡ്ജസ്]] (first cousin once removed)}} | website = {{URL|thetinaturner.com}} | signature = Tina Turner signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = <!-- genres listed here are sourced in the article text -->{{flatlist| * [[Rock and roll]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a43994081/tina-turner-dead/ |title=Rest In Peace to Tina Turner, a True Rock 'n Roll Singer |last=Pierce |first=Charles P. |date=May 24, 2023 |work=Esquire |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83 |title=Tina Turner: legendary rock'n'roll singer dies aged 83 |last=Snapes |first=Laura |date=May 24, 2023 |work=The Guardian |access-date=May 24, 2023}}</ref> * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[Rock music|rock]] * [[Soul music|soul]] * [[Pop music|pop]] }} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{flatlist| * [[Sonja Records|Sonja]] * [[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]] * [[United Artists Records|United Artists]] * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * [[Parlophone]] * [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] }} | past_member_of = [[Ike & Tina Turner]] | discography = [[Tina Turner discography|Full list]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner|Full list]] }} }} [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|ബ്രിട്ടണിൽ]] ജനിച്ചു വളർന്ന ഒരു ഗായികയും നർത്തകിയും അഭിനേതാവും എഴുത്തുകാരിയുമാണ് '''ടിന ടർണർ''' (ജനനം '''അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക്'''; നവംബർ 26, 1939) ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളായ ടിന ''ക്യൂൻ ഓഫ് റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ'' എന്നാണ് വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name="Rafferty">{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/50095/Tina-Turner-Queen-of-Rock-n-Roll/overview|title=Tina Turner: Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|last=Rafferty|first=Terrence|date=July 27, 2008|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 27, 2008}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="vogue">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1551329/tina-turner-covers-vogue-germany|title=Tina Turner Covers Vogue Germany|last=DelliCarpini Jr.|first=Gregory|date=March 11, 2013|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=October 24, 2015}}</ref> ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിജയിച്ച വനിതാ റോക്ക് എൻ റോൾ കലാകാരിയായ ഇവർ,<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/tina-turner-9512276|title=Biography on Tina Turner|publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=September 3, 2008|work=Biography.com}}</ref> 8 [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം]] നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ചരിത്രത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ സംഗീത കച്ചേരികളുടെ ടിക്കറ്റ് വിറ്റഴിച്ച ഏകാംഗ കലാകാരി ടിന ടർണർ ആണ്.<ref name="rolling">{{cite journal|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17|title=The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time|date=November 27, 2008|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=April 6, 2009|issue=1066|page=73|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308063048/http://rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/17 <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=March 8, 2009}}</ref> 18 കോടികളിലധികം ആൽബങ്ങൾ ലോകമെമ്പാടുമായി വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള ഇവർ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള കലാകാരികളിൽ ഒരാളാണ്<ref>http://www.duduki.net/cgi-bin/best-selling?lt=p&p=2</ref><ref>[http://gwiazdy.wp.pl/galeria/5948440544576641,4/tina-turner-76-letnia-gwiazda-wciaz-zachwyca.html "4 11: Tina Turner"], WP Gwiazdy, January 8, 2016.</ref> തന്റെ എനർജെറ്റിക്കായ സ്റ്റേജിലെ പ്രകടനം കൊണ്ടും ശക്തമായ ആലപന ശൈലി കൊണ്ടും നീണ്ട സംഗീത ജീവിതം കൊണ്ടും ശ്രദ്ധേയ ആയ ഇവരെ <ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|title=Tina Turner on Stage|last=Wolman|first=Baron|publisher=San Francisco Art Exchange|work=Gallery of The Popular Image|accessdate=January 19, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063358/http://www.sfae.com/index.php?action=gallery&status=show_product&ID=549&PHPSESSID=e167966844d1d18c37|archivedate=September 28, 2007}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|title=Amway Global to be Presenting Sponsor of 'Tina Turner Live in Concert' 2008|date=July 10, 2008|publisher=Reuters.com|accessdate=October 31, 2008|archive-date=2009-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110053556/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS169798+10-Jul-2008+PRN20080710|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1991-ൽ [[റോക്ക് ആൻഡ് റോൾ ഹോൾ ഓഫ് ഫെയിം]]ൽ ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-first-woman|title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts first woman - Jan 03, 1987|access-date=February 8, 2016|website=HISTORY.com}}</ref> == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1939 നവംബർ 26 ന് ടെന്നസിയിലെ ബ്രൗൺസ്‌വില്ലിൽ അന്ന മേ ബുള്ളോക്ക് എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ടീന ടർണർ ജനിച്ചത്. മാതാപിതാക്കൾ ഫ്ലോയ്ഡ് ബുള്ളോക്കും സെൽമ ക്യൂറിയുമായിരുന്നു. ബുല്ലോക്ക് ആഫ്രിക്കൻ അമേരിക്കക്കാരനായിരുന്നു. ടെന്നസിയിലെ നട്ട്ബുഷിലെ ഗ്രാമീണ സംയോജിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടാത്ത ഗ്രാമീണ മേഖലയിലാണ് ബുള്ളക്കിന്റെ കുടുംബം താമസിച്ചിരുന്നത്. അവിടെ പിതാവ് ഹൈവേ 180 ലെ പോയിൻഡെക്സ്റ്റർ ഫാമിൽ ഷെയർക്രോപ്പർമാരുടെ മേൽനോട്ടക്കാരനായി ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. ചെറുപ്പത്തിൽ തന്നെ കുടുംബത്തോടൊപ്പം പരുത്തി വിളവെടുത്തിരുന്നതായി അവൾ പിന്നീട് ഓർമ്മിച്ചു. == മരണം == 2018-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ തന്റെ ഓർമ്മക്കുറിപ്പായ മൈ ലവ് സ്റ്റോറിയിൽ ടർണർ വെളിപ്പെടുത്തിയത്, തനിക്ക് ഒന്നിലധികം ജീവന് ഭീഷണിയായ രോഗങ്ങളുണ്ടെന്നാണ്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html|title=Tina Turner reveals her husband donated his kidney to her|access-date=April 17, 2020|last=Saad|first=Nardine|date=October 8, 2018|website=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217073944/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html|archive-date=December 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> 1978 മുതൽ ഉയർന്ന രക്തസമ്മർദ്ദമുണ്ടായിരുന്ന അവർ, ഇത് ചികിത്സിക്കാതെയിരിക്കുകയും വൃക്കകൾക്ക് കേടുപാടുകൾ സംഭവിക്കുകയും ഒടുവിൽ വൃക്ക തകരാറിലാവുകയും ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. 2013-ൽ, എർവിൻ ബാച്ചുമായുള്ള വിവാഹത്തിന് മൂന്ന് ആഴ്ചകൾക്ക് ശേഷം, അവർക്ക് ഒരു പക്ഷാഘാതം ഉണ്ടാകുകയും വീണ്ടും നടക്കുന്നതിന് ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുണ്ടാകുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2016-ൽ, അവർക്ക് കുടലിൽ കാൻസർ ആണെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തി. ഹോമിയോപ്പതിയിൽ ആരോഗ്യപ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ ചികിത്സിക്കാൻ അവർ ശ്രമിച്ചുവെങ്കിലും, അവരുടെ അവസ്ഥ വഷളായിക്കൊണ്ടിരുന്നു.<ref name="People20232">{{cite news|title=Inside Tina Turner's Health Struggles, from Cancer to a Kidney Transplant: 'Never-Ending Up and Down'|url=https://people.com/tina-turner-health-struggles-cancer-kidney-transplant-never-ending-up-down-7503861|access-date=May 26, 2023|work=Peoplemag|archive-date=May 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524230603/https://people.com/tina-turner-health-struggles-cancer-kidney-transplant-never-ending-up-down-7503861|url-status=live}}</ref> വൃക്ക മാറ്റിവയ്ക്കൽ ശസ്ത്രക്രിയ നടത്താനുള്ള സാധ്യത കുറവാണെന്ന് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെട്ടതോടെ ഡയാലിസിസ് ആരംഭിക്കാൻ അവരോട് ആവശ്യപ്പെടുകയും ചെയ്തു. അസിസ്റ്റഡ് സൂയിസൈഡ് സൗകര്യമൊരുക്കുന്ന ഒരു സംഘടനയായ എക്സിറ്റ് ഇന്റർനാഷണലിൽ അംഗമായി (സ്വിറ്റ്സർലൻഡിൽ നിയമാനുസൃതമായ ഒരു നടപടിക്രമം) അവർ ഒപ്പുവച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45902648|title=Tina Turner opens up about son's suicide|access-date=August 4, 2022|date=October 18, 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026152920/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45902648|archive-date=October 26, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> എന്നിരുന്നാലും, മാറ്റിവയ്ക്കലിനായി ഒരു വൃക്ക ദാനം ചെയ്യാൻ അവരുടെ ഭർത്താവ് സന്നദ്ധനായി. അവർ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സംഭാവന സ്വീകരിക്കുകയും 2017 ഏപ്രിൽ 7 ന് വൃക്ക മാറ്റിവയ്ക്കൽ ശസ്ത്രക്രിയ നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/music/tina-turner-health-crisis-kidney-transplant-husband-donor/|title=Tina Turner Reveals She Underwent a Life-Saving Kidney Transplant – and Husband Was the Donor|access-date=October 7, 2018|last=Runtagh|first=Jordan|date=October 5, 2018|website=People|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007075435/https://people.com/music/tina-turner-health-crisis-kidney-transplant-husband-donor/|archive-date=October 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> 2023 മെയ് 24-ന്, വർഷങ്ങളോളം നീണ്ടുനിന്ന അസുഖത്തെ തുടർന്ന് 83 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, സ്വിറ്റ്സർലൻഡിലെ കുസ്നാച്ചിലുള്ള ഭവനത്തില് വച്ച് ടർണർ മരിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html|title=Tina Turner reveals her husband donated his kidney to her|access-date=April 17, 2020|last=Saad|first=Nardine|date=October 8, 2018|website=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217073944/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html|archive-date=December 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ഒരു സ്വകാര്യ ശവസംസ്കാരച്ചടങ്ങില് ടർണറുടെ മൃതദേഹം സംസ്കരിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2023/05/29/tina-turners-funeral-details-revealed-after-death-aged-83-18862497/|title=Tina Turner's funeral details revealed after death aged 83|access-date=June 25, 2023|last=Oliver|first=Robert|date=May 31, 2023|work=Metro|location=UK}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1939-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ അമേരിക്കൻ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:20-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2023-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] nzyy46ny6z4rm6vw92wx19dzs1mqa9c 0 373124 4644270 4627005 2026-07-07T20:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}} ലോകമെമ്പാടുമായി ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ കോപ്പി സംഗീത ആൽബങ്ങളും ഗാനങ്ങളും (Records) വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീത കലാകാരന്മാരുടെ പട്ടികയാണിത്.ഏറ്റവും കുറഞ്ഞത് 7.5 കോടി വിറ്റഴിച്ചവരാണ് ഈ പട്ടികയിൽ ഉള്ളത്. == കലാകാരന്മാർ അവരുടെ വിറ്റുവരവിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ == === 25 കോടിയും അതിലധികവും === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> File:The Beatles members at New York City in 1964.jpg|[[The Beatles]] File:Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg|[[Michael Jackson]] File:Rihanna_concert_in_Washington_DC_(2).jpg|[[Rihanna]] File:Elvis_Presley_promoting_Jailhouse_Rock.jpg|[[Elvis Presley]] File:Elton John 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG|[[Elton John]] File:Madonna Rebel Heart Tour 2015 - Stockholm (23051472299) (cropped).jpg|[[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] File:LedZeppelinmontage.jpg|[[Led Zeppelin]] </gallery> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| കലാകാരൻ ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| രാജ്യം / മാർക്കറ്റ് ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| കാലഘട്ടം ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| സംഗീത ശൈലി ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"|ലഭ്യമായ വിറ്റുവരവ്<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| അവകാശപ്പെടുന്ന വിറ്റുവരവ് |- ! scope="row" | [[The Beatles]] | United Kingdom | 1960–1970<ref name="Allmusic: The Beatles (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-beatles-mn0000754032/biography|title=Allmusic: The Beatles (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1962<ref name="Allmusic: The Beatles (Biography)"/> | [[Rock music|Rock]] / [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref name="Allmusic: The Beatles (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|277.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 277.6 million'''| *[[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 217.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=RIAA: Searchable Database|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=September 23, 2011}}</ref> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 4.950 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/cert/gd.html|title=RIAJ: Gold Disc Certifications|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 8 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 18.945 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications">{{cite web|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/|title=Certified Awards Search|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=September 7, 2018|archive-date=2018-10-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181021092428/https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 3.890 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)">{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Album_Certifications.php|title=InfoDisc: Les Certifications depuis 1973|trans-title=InfoDisc: Certifications from 1973|language=French|work=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|publisher=InfoDisc.fr|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="SNEP Certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/|title=SNEP: Les Certifications|work=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|publisher=SNEP|accessdate=February 21, 2014|language=French|archive-date=2016-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803181121/http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 14.455 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications">{{cite web|url=https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/|title=Music Canada: Gold & Platinum searchable database|publisher=[[Music Canada]]|accessdate=July 1, 2014}}</ref> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 3.060 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/iz289ceh69cyg6x/Australia's+Music+Charts+1988-2010+%28Certified+sales%29.pdf|title=Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010|work=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|publisher=Moonlight Publishing|accessdate=January 12, 2016}}</ref> * [[Pro-Música Brasil|BRA]]: 550,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications">{{cite web|url=https://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/certificados/|title=PMB: Certificados|publisher=[[Pro-Música Brasil]]|accessdate=October 27, 2018|language=Portuguese|archive-date=2017-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119021240/https://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/certificados/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 295,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina">{{Cite news|url=https://nvpi.nl/nvpi-audio/marktinformatie/goud-platina/|title=NVPI: Goud/Platina|publisher=[[NVPI]]|accessdate=July 4, 2018|archive-date=2018-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823060828/https://nvpi.nl/nvpi-audio/marktinformatie/goud-platina/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 530,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 1.250 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications ">{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/listas/semanales|title=PROMUSICAE Charts: Home > Weekly charts|publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]|language=Spanish|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/?vqzno2c0fe48zam|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1991-1995|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=978-84-8048-639-2|author=Salaverri, Fernando|date=2005|pages=928–939|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]] 485,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 315,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2001)">{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=3&y=2001&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2001)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Certificeringer marts – maj 2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fcertificeringer-marts-maj-2010|title=Certificeringer marts – maj 2010|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=May 31, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2016|archive-date=2018-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184538/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fcertificeringer-marts-maj-2010|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=search/node/|title=IFPI Denmark: Søg Certificeringer|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|accessdate=October 24, 2017}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications">{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/search_certifications.asp?search|title=Hitparade.ch: Edelmetall|work=[[Schweizer Hitparade]]|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} ''Note that the certifications for DVDs need to be retrieved by selecting the years at"http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp"''</ref> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 1.606 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums">{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|title=CAPIF: Discos de Oro y Platino (albums)|publisher=[[CAPIF]]|accessdate=September 27, 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706084844/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|archivedate=July 6, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs">{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=P&Tipo=0&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|title=CAPIF: Discos de Oro y Platino (albums and DVDs)|publisher=[[CAPIF]]|accessdate=September 27, 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531185849/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=P&Tipo=0&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|archivedate=May 31, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 390,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003">{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/xls/Awards%201997.htm|title=Awards 1997–2003|work=[[Belgian Entertainment Association]]|publisher=[[Ultratop]]|accessdate=February 4, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present">{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/goud-platina/1995/albums|title=Ultratop: Goud En Platina|publisher=[[Ultratop]]|accessdate=May 31, 2018}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 660,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=62|title=Radioscope: Latest Gold / Platinum Albums|publisher=Radioscope|accessdate=March 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195817/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=62|archivedate=July 24, 2011}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|1 billion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/beatles-indian-retreat-open-public-10-402842|title=The Beatles' Indian Retreat Is Open To The Public for $10|last=Conor|first=Gaffey|date=December 9, 2015|work=[[Newsweek]]|accessdate=December 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19800654|title=The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy|last=Hotten|first=Russell|date=October 4, 2012|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=January 28, 2013}}</ref><br>600 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/did-thriller-really-sell-a-hundred-million-copies|title=Did 'Thriller' Really Sell a Hundred Million Copies|date=January 4, 2013|work=[[The New Yorker]]|last=Wyman|first=Bill|accessdate=June 20, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Michael Jackson]] | United States | 1964–2009<ref name="Allmusic: Michael Jackson (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography|title=Allmusic: Michael Jackson (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1971<ref name="Allmusic: Michael Jackson (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]<ref name="Allmusic: Michael Jackson (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|231}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 231 million'''| * US: 145.3 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 4.650 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/cert/hs.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications|language=Japanese|publisher=Recording Industry Association of Japan|accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> * GER: 11.275 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 30.245 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 11.375 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)">{{cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Chanson_Certifications.php|title=InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)|publisher=InfoDisc|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> * CAN: 4.670 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 6.775 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20090805-0000/issue1010.pdf|title=ARIA Report 6th July 2009 (Issue 1010)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20090805-0000/issue1011.pdf|title=ARIA Report 13th July 2009 (Issue 1011)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/3224|title=ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (19/01/2015)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=January 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134010/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/3224|archivedate=February 2, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BRA: 280,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 2.105 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 1.245 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.995 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/?7q55521w7go6vh6|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 2000-2002|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=978-84-8048-639-2|author=Salaverri, Fernando|date=2005|pages=952–966|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> * SWE: 1.310 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 1.409 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu">{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/|title=Hitlisten.nu|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=May 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guld og platin i august">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-august|title=Guld og platin i august|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=May 9, 2004|accessdate=May 12, 2018|archive-date=2018-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714104319/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-august|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 910,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 3.670 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 124,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 665,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 1.197 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 530,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 384,127<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 912,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|1 billion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/michael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification/|title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification|work=RIAA|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=January 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-michael-jackson-song_n_5250500|title=New Michael Jackson Song, 'Love Never Felt So Good,' Features Justin Timberlake|work=The Huffington Post|date=May 1, 2014|accessdate=January 10, 2022}}</ref><br>600 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5649814/Michael-Jackson-100-facts-about-the-king-of-pop.html|title=Michael Jackson: 100 facts about the king of pop|date=June 29, 2009|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=January 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/showbiz/2009-06/27/content_8330241.htm|title=50 facts about Michael Jackson that made him a legend|first=China Daily|last=Agencies|date=June 27, 2009|work=[[China Daily]]|accessdate=September 11, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Elvis Presley]] | United States | 1954–1977<ref name="Allmusic: Elvis Presley (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/elvis-presley-mn0000180228/biography|title=Allmusic: Elvis Presley (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1954<ref name="Allmusic: Elvis Presley (Biography)"/> | [[Rock and roll]] / Pop / [[Country music|Country]]<ref name="Allmusic: Elvis Presley (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|224.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 224.6 million'''| * US: 199.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 14.055 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.590 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.925 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.797 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1997/albums-chart|title=1997 ARIA Album Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * BRA: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 555,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/?x263f6daopkswo8|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1979-1990|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=978-84-8048-639-2|author=Salaverri, Fernando|date=2005|pages=913–929|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/?pd758fesp2w7i7f|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1996-1999|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=978-84-8048-639-2|author=Salaverri, Fernando|date=2005|pages=940–952|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> * SWE 380,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=15&y=2001&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 15-2001)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2003)">{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=2&y=2003&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 02-2003)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=42&y=2003&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 42-2003)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref> * SWI: 185,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications">{{cite web|url=http://amprofon.com.mx/en/pages/certificaciones.php|title=Amprofon Certificaciones|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|language=Spanish|accessdate=March 20, 2018|archive-date=2018-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914235930/http://amprofon.com.mx/en/pages/certificaciones.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARG: 110,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 115,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 205,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 213,945{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Finnish Certifications">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/|title=Tilastot: Kulta- ja platinalevyt|publisher=[[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland]]|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref> * NZ: 117,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|600 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/music/rocktalk/490438/40-years-wonder-elvis-presley/|title=40 years on, the wonder of Elvis Presley|work=[[The Courier (Dundee)|The Courier of Dundee]]|last=Alexander|first=Michael|date=August 16, 2017|accessdate=August 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/in-pictures-when-elvis-presley-landed-at-prestwick-airport-1-4042750|title=In pictures: When Elvis Presley landed at Prestwick airport|work=[[The Scotsman]]|last=O'Neill|first=Emma|date=March 3, 2016|accessdate=22 January 2018|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042737/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/in-pictures-when-elvis-presley-landed-at-prestwick-airport-1-4042750|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>500 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/elvis-presley-quotes-10-things-he-said-remember-icon-anniversary-his-death-2054613|title=Elvis Presley Quotes: 10 Things He Said To Remember The Icon On Anniversary Of His Death|last=Salo|first=Jackie|date=August 15, 2015|work=[[International Business Times]]|accessdate=October 20, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] | United States | 1979–present<ref name="Allmusic: Madonna (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/madonna-mn0000237205/biography|title=Allmusic: Madonna (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1982<ref name="Allmusic: Madonna (Biography)"/> | Pop / Dance / [[electronic music|Electronica]]<ref name="Allmusic: Madonna (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|173.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 173.5 million'''| * US: 85.675 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 6.450 million {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 12.4 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 29.845 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 12.81 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 6.030 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 4.787 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/94|title=ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=October 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006023207/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/94|archivedate=October 6, 2012|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediafire.com/download/4gsk409n2ncgs0b/Australia's+Music+Charts+1988-2010+%28Madonna%29.pdf|title=Australia's Music Charts 1988-210 (Madonna)|publisher=Moonlight Publishing|format=PDF|accessdate=December 25, 2015}}</ref> * BRA: 3.440 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.735 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 2.815 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 1.070 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 407,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-novemberdecemberjanuar|title=Guld og platin november/december/januar|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=February 19, 2007|accessdate=May 12, 2018|archive-date=2018-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714103453/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-novemberdecemberjanuar|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="Guld og platin i marts">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-marts|title=Guld og platin i marts|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=April 13, 2006|accessdate=June 6, 2014|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015927/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-marts|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-platin-januar-2010|title=Guld & platin januar 2010|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|accessdate=April 6, 2016|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015901/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-platin-januar-2010|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 1.080 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 510,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 1.098<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 740,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 602,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 530,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 652,686<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 417,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|300 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45112992|title=Madonna at 60: The Queen of Pop in seven charts|date=August 15, 2018|first=Clara|last=Guibourg|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=August 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-22/madonna-announces-tour-of-australia-and-new-zealand/6563146|title=Madonna announces first tour to Australia in over two decades, first ever concert in New Zealand|date=July 28, 2015|first=Candice|last=Marshall|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News of Australia]]|accessdate=July 8, 2016}}</ref><br/>275 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8751794/Madonna-healthy-pop-star-admits-to-weakness-for-sticky-toffee-pudding.html|title=Madonna: healthy pop star admits to 'weakness' for sticky toffee pudding|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=September 9, 2011|accessdate=April 22, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Elton John]] | United Kingdom | 1964–present<ref name="Allmusic: Elton John (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/elton-john-mn0000796734/biography|title=Allmusic: Elton John (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Elton John (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Elton John (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|184.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 184.5 million'''| * US: 129.850 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.1 million {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 7.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 24.395 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 4.825 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 5.975 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.982 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="1990 ARIA Album Chart">{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1990/albums-chart|title=1990 ARIA Album Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * BRA: 835,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 975,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 740,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 195,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2003)"/><ref name="Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Ffor%C3%A5rets-guld-og-platincertificeringer|title=Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=June 13, 2007|accessdate=November 29, 2018|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320131622/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Ffor%C3%A5rets-guld-og-platincertificeringer|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 1.313 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 128,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 565,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 765,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 163,481<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|300 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/24/elton-john-hospitalised-contracting-potentially-deadly-infection/|title=Elton John 'overwhelmed' by fans' kindness after contracting 'potentially deadly' infection|last1=Henderson|first1=Barney|last2=Boyle|first2=Danny|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 25, 2017|accessdate=January 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42804061|title=Elton John to make statement on future|last=Savage|first=Mark|work=[[BBC News]]|date=January 24, 2018|accessdate=January 24, 2018}}</ref><br>250 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23935217|title=Sir Elton John wins first Brits Icon award|last=Savage|first=Mark|work=[[BBC News]]|date=September 2, 2013|accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/30319794/elton-john-adds-more-las-vegas-shows-in-2016|title=Elton John adds more Las Vegas shows in 2016|last=Archuleta|first=Jon|work=[[KVVU-TV]]|date=October 22, 2015|accessdate=February 16, 2016|archive-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123132153/http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/30319794/elton-john-adds-more-las-vegas-shows-in-2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Led Zeppelin]] | United Kingdom | 1968–1980<ref name="Allmusic: Led Zeppelin (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/led-zeppelin-mn0000139026/biography|title=Allmusic: Led Zeppelin (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Led Zeppelin (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / [[Blues rock]] / [[Folk rock]]<ref name="Allmusic: Led Zeppelin (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|140.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 140.1 million'''| * US: 114.1 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000 {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 3.775 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.530 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.310 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="Certifications Albums – Année 2013">{{Cite news|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Certifications_Albums_2013.pdf|title=Certifications Albums – Année 2013|work=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|accessdate=March 3, 2014}}</ref> * CAN: 4.710 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.8 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2928|title=ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (10/11/2014)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=November 7, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108091357/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2928|archivedate=November 8, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20150805-0000/Issue1328.pdf|title=The ARIA Report: ARIA Top 100 Albums – Week Commencing 10th August 2015|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref> * BRA: 820,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 595,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWI: 211,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 360,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * POL: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|300 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2012/10/12/new-concert-documentary-offers-celebration-day-for-led-zeppelin-fans/33Ho2TGcMbRsgjPODQLPaN/story.html|title='Celebration Day' for Led Zeppelin fans|last=Morse|first=Steve|date=October 12, 2012|work=[[Boston Globe]]|accessdate=January 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/good-weekend/jimmy-page-reflects-on-led-zeppelin-20140925-10fhsk.html|title=Jimmy Page reflects on Led Zeppelin|last=Cornwell|first=Jane|date=September 27, 2014|work=[[The Age]]|accessdate=May 16, 2015}}</ref><br />200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-led-zeppelin-copyright-trial-verdict-20160623-story.html|title=Jury finds Led Zeppelin didn't steal 'Stairway to Heaven' riff|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|last=Kot|first=Greg|date=June 23, 2016|accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/Music-DVD-CD-Review-Led-Zeppelin-Celebration-4118573.php|title=Music DVD/CD Review: Led Zeppelin – Celebration Day|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|last=Barbrick|first=Greg|date=December 14, 2012|accessdate=May 16, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Rihanna]] | [[Barbados]]<br />United States | 2005–present<ref name="Allmusic: Rihanna (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rihanna-mn0000367188/biography|title=Allmusic: Rihanna (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Jason|last=Birchmeier|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 2005<ref name="Allmusic: Rihanna (Biography)"/> | R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop<ref name="Allmusic: Rihanna (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|269.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 269.4 million'''| * US: 196.55 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.4 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 10.075 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 35.9 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.465 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.120 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 9.430 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 705,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 1.645 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.470 million<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 2.480 million<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 1.452<ref name="Certificeringer marts – maj 2010"/><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref name="Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i marts (31/03/2008)">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-marts-0|title=Guld og platin i marts (31/03/2008)|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=March 31, 2008|accessdate=June 6, 2014|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015805/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-marts-0|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="Guld og platin i september">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-september-1|title=Guld og platin i september|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=October 6, 2008|accessdate=June 6, 2014|archive-date=2018-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004153/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-september-1|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 860,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 680,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pg/CertificacionesAmprofon/photos/?tab=album&album_id=557737664350849|title=AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/> * BEL: 660,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 135,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 520,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * IRE: 240,000<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 682,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|250 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45609656|title=Rihanna appointed as ambassador by Barbados|date=September 22, 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=December 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/rihanna-barbados-ambassador-role-culture-tourism-fenty-beauty-album-release-date-a8549856.html|title=Rihanna 'proud' to accept new Barbados ambassador role|last=O'Connor|first=Roisin|date=September 22, 2018|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=December 14, 2018}}</ref><br>230 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42079257|title=Cyntoia Brown: Rihanna and Kim Kardashian back jailed teen|last=Seales|first=Rebecca|date=November 22, 2017|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/relationships/dating/rihanna-and-the-other-female-stars-living-the-life-dating-billionaires/news-story/f7f7f65fcb86a4ad7701d33e3c29ba85|title=Rihanna and the other female stars living the life dating billionaires|last=Sullivan|first=Rebecca|date=June 29, 2017|work=[[News.com.au]]|accessdate=August 10, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Pink Floyd]] | United Kingdom | 1965–1996, 2014<ref name="Allmusic: Pink Floyd (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pink-floyd-mn0000346336/biography|title=Allmusic: Pink Floyd (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jul/07/pink-floyd-new-album-2014-the-endless-river|title=Pink Floyd to release a new album in 2014, entitled The Endless River|work=[[The Guardian]]|last=Michaels|first=Sean|date=July 7, 2014|accessdate=January 2, 2015}}</ref> | 1967<ref name="Allmusic: Pink Floyd (Biography)"/> | [[Progressive rock]] / [[Psychedelic rock]]<ref name="Allmusic: Pink Floyd (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|120.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 120.7 million'''| * US: 78 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=863|title=RIAJ: The Record: January 1995 (Page 6)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082527/http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=863|url-status=dead}}</ref> * GER: 7.5 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 12.120 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 6.360 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 6.790 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.962 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 515,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 435,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 2.145 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 625,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 220,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/|title=Sverige Toplistan: Sök|work=Sverige Toplistan|language=Swedish|accessdate=November 18, 2013}}''Note: To retrieve the certifications, type in artist's name in the box of "Sök", and then click on "Visa" of the desired album/single/video''</ref> * SWI: 390,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 582,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 115,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 460,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 787,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|250 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/pink-floyds-waters-angry-at-music-streaming-10357847|title=Pink Floyd's Waters Angry At Music Streaming|work=[[Sky News]]|date=May 28, 2015|accessdate=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/royal-mail-marks-50-years-pink-floyd-special-stamps-463753|title=Royal Mail Marks 50 Years of Pink Floyd With Special Stamps|last=Ahmed|first=Tufayel|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=May 26, 2016|accessdate=August 13, 2016}}</ref><br>200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160908/arts-entertainment/pink-floyd-drummer-fears-for-young-musicians-trying-to-break-through.624446|title=Pink Floyd drummer fears for young musicians trying to break through|work=[[The Times (Malta)|The Times]]|date=September 8, 2016|accessdate=February 20, 2017}}</ref> |- |} * The column for certified sales includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more. === 20 കോടിയ്ക്കും 24.9 കോടിയ്ക്കും ഇടയിൽ === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> File:Eminem DJ Hero.jpg|[[Eminem]] File:Taylor Swift RED Tour 2013 (cropped).jpg|[[Taylor Swift]] File:Queen - montagem.png|[[Queen (band)|Queen]] File:MariahGMA cropped.jpg|[[Mariah Carey]] File:Whitney Houston Welcome Home Heroes 1 cropped.jpg|[[Whitney Houston]] File:Céline Dion 2012.jpg|[[Celine Dion]] File:ACDC In Tacoma 2009.jpg|[[AC/DC]] </gallery> <!--When adding to this page, please ensure that your claims are sourced. This means that you must provide the location of the claim. All sources must be published by third party reliable sources. It cannot be pages in Wikipedia or forums on web pages nor can they be Artists' official sites. Unsourced additions will be removed immediately--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Artist ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Country / Market ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Period active ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Genre ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"| [[Music recording sales certification|Total certified units]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Claimed sales |- ! scope="row" | [[Eminem]] | United States | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Eminem (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/eminem-mn0000157676/biography|title=Allmusic: Eminem (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1999<ref name="Allmusic: Eminem (Biography)"/> | [[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]<ref name="Allmusic: Eminem (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|226.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 226.7 million'''| * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 164.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 2.9 million <ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 6.7 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 31.425 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 3.338 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="Certifications Albums – Année 2013"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 4.210 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 6.542 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 240,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 250,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 890,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 290,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 910,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * [[IFPI Danmark|DEN]]: 906,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 805,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 365,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 505,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 362,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 250,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 124,547<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 705,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|220 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/television/the-defiant-ones-partners-who-put-the-word-out-about-hip-hop-revolution-1.714746|title=‘The Defiant Ones’ - partners who put the word out about hip-hop revolution|last=Kennedy|first=Greg|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National of Abu Dhabi]]|date=March 21, 2018|accessdate=March 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/57214/Again-Eminem-a-Hit-Maker|title=Again: Eminem a Hit Maker|last=Marie|first=Mustafa|work=[[Egypt Today]]|date=September 6, 2018|accessdate=September 6, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Taylor Swift]] | United States | 2006–present<ref name="Allmusic: Taylor Swift (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/taylor-swift-mn0000472102/biography|title=Allmusic: Taylor Swift (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Leahey|first=Andrew|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 2006<ref name="Allmusic: Taylor Swift (Biography)"/> | Pop / [[Pop rock]] / [[Country music|Country]] / [[Country pop]] / <ref name="Allmusic: Taylor Swift (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|202.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 202.4 million'''| * US: 172.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 3.050 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 1.850 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.3 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 300,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 4.9 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 6.055 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 670,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 280,000<ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 160,000><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * MEX: 510,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.783296021795011.1073741859.167176543406965&type=3|title=AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|accessdate=February 10, 2018}}</ref> * AUT: 100,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 442,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/taylor-swift-quotes-357202-2016-12-13|title=10 Life mantras by Taylor Swift to live by|work=[[India Today]]|date=December 13, 2016|accessdate=February 7, 2019}}</ref><br>175 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/taylor-made-%E2%80%9880s-sounds|title=Taylor-made ‘80s sounds|work=[[New Straits Times]]|date=December 30, 2014|accessdate=July 8, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Queen (band)|Queen]] | United Kingdom | 1971–present<ref name="Allmusic: Queen (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/queen-mn0000858827/biography|title=Allmusic: Queen (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1973<ref name="Allmusic: Queen (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Queen (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|141.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 141.2 million'''| * US: 69.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 3.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ 1 Million Seller Database (2004)">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/2004.html |script-title=ja:年度別ミリオンセラー一覧　2004年 |trans-title=2004 Million Seller List|language=Japanese|publisher=Recording Industry Association of Japan|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103051645/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/2004.html|archivedate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 12.525 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 33.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 4.810 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.470 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.742 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 970,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.990 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 1.070{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 545,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 1.256 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 1.080 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 900,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 890,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 366,152<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 485,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/13196977.20_facts_about_Queen_to_quote_at_their_Hydro_gig/|title=The 20 Queen facts you can share with your mates at the Hydro|last=Castle|first=Jill|date=January 13, 2015|work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald of Glasgow]]|accessdate=January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>170 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailynewshungary.com/queen-adam-lambert-perform-budapest/|title=Queen + Adam Lambert to perform in Budapest|last=Vass|first=Eszter|date=April 20, 2017|work=[[List of newspapers in Hungary|Daily News Hungary]]|accessdate=June 1, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Mariah Carey]] | United States | 1988–present<ref name="Allmusic: Mariah Carey (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mariah-carey-mn0000262255/biography|title=Allmusic: Mariah Carey (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ankeny|first=Jason|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1990<ref name="Allmusic: Mariah Carey (Biography)"/> | [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] / Pop / Soul / [[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]<ref name="Allmusic: Mariah Carey (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|140.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 140.6 million'''| * US: 93.1 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 14.5 million {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref name="Japan's 1 Million Seller Database"/> * GER: 4.250 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.020 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 4.690 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 4.1 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.585 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediafire.com/download/lbn84spw2v0dz83/Australia's+Music+Charts+1988-2010+%28Mariah+Carey%29%282%29.pdf|title=Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (Mariah Carey)|publisher=Moonlight Publishing|format=PDF|accessdate=December 25, 2015}}</ref> * BRA: 835,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.425 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 425,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 280,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=52&y=2016&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-4 (UGE 51-2016)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=January 18, 2016}}</ref> * SWI: 515,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 200,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 240,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/travel/deals/la-tr-las-vegas-mariah-carey-caesars-palace-christmas-show-20170724-story.html|title=Mariah Carey will return to Vegas for a handful of Christmastime concerts|first=Jay|last=Jones|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=July 25, 2017|accessdate=July 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2017-02-17/mariah-carey-confirms-new-beau-vents-frustration-over-nye|title=Mariah Carey Confirms New Beau; Talks New Single, Tour|last=Isaza|first=Marcella|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=February 17, 2017|accessdate=May 13, 2017}}</ref><br>175 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-05/mariah-carey-asks-fans-to-pray-for-sick-husband/3759532|title=Mariah Carey asks fans to pray for sick husband|last=Reporter|first=AFP|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News of Australia]]|date=January 5, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/for-mariah-carey-the-angel-is-in-the-details/article4305605/|title=For Mariah Carey, the angel is in the details|last=Wheeler|first=Brad|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=February 10, 2010|accessdate=February 19, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Whitney Houston]] | United States | 1977–2012<ref name="Allmusic: Whitney Houston (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/whitney-houston-mn0000820434/biography|title=Allmusic: Whitney Houston (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1984<ref name="Allmusic: Whitney Houston (Biography)"/> | R&B / Soul / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Whitney Houston (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|132.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 132.2 million'''| * US: 92.775 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 4.3 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ: Digital Certifications (January 2014)">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/cert/hs.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (January 2014)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> * GER: 5.6 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 15.605 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.275 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.430 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.755 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20120316-0000/Issue1148.pdf|title=ARIA Top 100 Albums – Week Commencing 27th February 2012 Issue No.1148 (for single "I Will Always Love You" and albums "The Bodyguard Soundtrack", "Whitney Houston")|work=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|date=February 27, 2012|accessdate=January 19, 2013}}</ref> * BRA: 1.025{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 780,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 170,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.260 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 1.035 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 210,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 845,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 215,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 535,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 247,222<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/08/09/whitney-houston-10-career-defining-moments/|title=Whitney Houston: 10 Career-Defining Moments|first=Melissa|last=Locker|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=August 8, 2013|accessdate=October 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022094238/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/08/09/whitney-houston-10-career-defining-moments/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-whitney-houston-documentary-20160428-story.html|title=Two Whitney Houston documentaries are in production, but only one has the estate's blessing|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Amy|last=Kaufman|date=April 28, 2016|accessdate=March 19, 2017}}</ref><br/>170 million<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-12/tribute-planned-for-whitney-houston/3825682|title=Music world stunned at Whitney Houston's death|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News of Australia]]|date=April 2, 2012|accessdate=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23431936|title=Whitney Houston's grave marked with famous lyrics|work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 24, 2013|accessdate=February 19, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Celine Dion]] | Canada | 1981–present<ref name="Allmusic: Celine Dion (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/celine-dion-mn0000186185/biography|title=Allmusic: Celine Dion (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Proefrock|first=Stacia|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1981<ref name="Allmusic: Celine Dion (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Celine Dion (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|130}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 130 million'''| * US: 56.550 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 7.150 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/1995.html |script-title=ja:年度別ミリオンセラー一覧　1995年 |trans-title=1995 million-seller list|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103052144/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/1995.html|archivedate=November 3, 2013}}</ref><ref name="RIAJ Digital certification for July 2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w100820.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (July 2010)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915104730/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w100820.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 8 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 15.915 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 15.768 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/><ref name="Certifications Albums – Année 2013"/> * CAN: 12.245 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.302 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 505,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 2.180 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 1 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 1.105 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 430,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2003)"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=47&y=2003&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 47-2003)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=22&y=2008&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 22-2008)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref> * SWI: 1.685 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> *[[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 340,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 2.160 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 440,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 680,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 356,183<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 192,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/celine-dion-salutes-her-gabonese-imitator-484860|title=Celine Dion Salutes Her Gabonese Imitator|last=Conor|first=Gaffey|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=July 28, 2016|accessdate=February 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2013/08/22/cline_dion_joins_twitter.html|title=Céline Dion joins Twitter|last=Ptashnick|first=Victoria|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=August 22, 2013|accessdate=February 2, 2014|archive-date=2020-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165228/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2013/08/22/cline_dion_joins_twitter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>175 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/non_fictionreviews/3670909/Learning-to-love-Celine-Dion.html|title=Learning to love Celine Dion|date=February 2, 2008|accessdate=January 27, 2013|last=Sandhu|first=Sukhdev|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/music/celine-dion-taking-chances-tour-to-heights-1.450430|title=Celine Dion: Taking Chances tour to heights|last=Barhat|first=Vikram Singh|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=March 6, 2008|accessdate=February 20, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517174153/http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/music/celine-dion-taking-chances-tour-to-heights-1.450430|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[AC/DC]] | Australia | 1973–present<ref name="Allmusic: AC/DC (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ac-dc-mn0000574772/biography|title=Allmusic: AC/DC (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1975<ref name="Allmusic: AC/DC (Biography)"/> | [[Hard rock]] / [[Blues rock]] / [[Rock and roll]]<ref name="Allmusic: AC/DC (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|115.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 115.5 million'''| * US: 79.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 10.3 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 5.9 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 4.180 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.490 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 7.740 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 875,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.355 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 260,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/pladebranchen08-offentligg%C3%B8res-i-dag|title=Pladebranchen.08 offentliggøres i dag|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=August 27, 2009|accessdate=May 19, 2017}}</ref> * SWI: 894,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 594,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 380,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 321,169<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-29932369|title=AC/DC: Rock's 'kick in the guts'|work=[[BBC News]]|date=November 6, 2014|accessdate=October 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/ac-dc-s-music-is-the-best-antidepressant-there-is-1.2269405|title='AC/DC's music is the best antidepressant there is'|first=Ronan|last=McGreevy|work=[[The Irish Times]]|date=July 1, 2015|accessdate=October 20, 2015}}</ref><br>150 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/ac-dc-fans-salute-musical-celebration-of-bon-scott-s-wild-life-and-times-1-1741251|title=AC/DC fans salute musical celebration of Bon Scott's wild life and times|work=[[The Scotsman]]|date=July 16, 2011|accessdate=January 19, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/msps-tell-ac-dc-we-salute-you-1.897995|title=MSPs tell AC/DC ... We Salute You|first=Martin|last=Williams|work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald of Glasgow]]|date=December 20, 2008|accessdate=January 19, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Rolling Stones]] | United Kingdom | 1962–present<ref name="Allmusic: The Rolling Stones (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-rolling-stones-mn0000894465/biography|title=Allmusic: The Rolling Stones (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1963<ref name="Allmusic: The Rolling Stones (Biography)"/> | Rock / [[Blues rock]] <ref name="Allmusic: The Rolling Stones (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|99.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 99.3 million'''| * US: 74.750 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 950,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 3.8 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.370 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.377 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.025 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 417,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 610,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 230,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 690,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 310,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 238,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 718,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|200 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/rolling-stones-celebrate-50-years-on-stage/|title=Rolling Stones celebrate 50 years on stage|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|last1=Lawless|first1=Jill|last2=Dixon|first2=Louise|date=July 13, 2013|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-rollingstones/hbo-documentary-will-celebrate-50-years-of-the-rolling-stones-idUSBRE8701QN20120801|title=HBO documentary will celebrate 50 years of the Rolling Stones|first=Jill|last=Serjeant|work=[[Reuters]]|date=August 2, 2012|accessdate=January 9, 2013}}</ref> |- |} === 12 കോടിയ്ക്കും 19.9 കോടിയ്ക്കും ഇടയിൽ === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> File:12_-_Ed_Sheeran.jpg|[[Ed Sheeran]] File:Garth Brooks on World Tour (crop).png|[[Garth Brooks]] File:Justin_Bieber_in_2015.jpg|[[Justin Bieber]] File:The Eagles in performance, 2008.jpg|[[Eagles (band)|Eagles]] File:Bruno Mars, Las Vegas 2010.jpg|[[Bruno Mars]] File:Kanye West at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg|[[Kanye West]] File:Billy Joel Shankbone NYC 2009.jpg|[[Billy Joel]] </gallery> <!--When adding to this page, please ensure that your claims are sourced. This means that you must provide the location of the claim. All sources must be published by third party reliable sources. It cannot be pages in Wikipedia or forums on web pages nor can they be Artists' official sites. Unsourced additions will be removed immediately--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Artist ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Country / Market ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Period active ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Genre ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"| [[Music recording sales certification|Total certified units]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Claimed sales |- ! scope="row" | [[Garth Brooks]] | United States | 1989–present<ref name="Allmusic: Garth Brooks (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/garth-brooks-mn0000798248/biography|title=Allmusic: Garth Brooks (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1989<ref name="Allmusic: Garth Brooks (Biography)"/> | Country<ref name="Allmusic: Garth Brooks (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|156.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 156.1 million'''| * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 149.4 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 520,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 5.730 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1995/albums-chart|title=1995 ARIA Album Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|160 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/garth-brooks-sells-51-000-tickets-for-edmonton-shows-1.3889633|title=Garth Brooks sells 51,000 tickets for Edmonton shows|date=December 10, 2016|work=[[CBC News]]|accessdate=September 24, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Ed Sheeran]] | United Kingdom | 2004–present<ref name="Allmusic: Ed Sheeran (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ed-sheeran-mn0002639628/biography|title=Allmusic: Ed Sheeran (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> | 2011<ref name="Allmusic: Ed Sheeran (Biography)"/> | Pop / Folk pop <ref name="Allmusic: Ed Sheeran (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|161.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 161.9 million'''| * US: 76.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 350,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 8.6 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 44.660 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.691 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 9.240 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 8.750 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 330,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 2.940 million<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 920,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 1.360 million<ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 3.050 million<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 655,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 180,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * BEL: 685,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 370,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 360,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 1.320 million<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://journalstar.com/entertainment/music/ed-sheeran-becomes-ivor-novello-board-member/article_69646f57-7973-55cd-9c72-2e0c46795cec.html|title=Ed Sheeran becomes Ivor Novello board member|work=[[Lincoln Journal Star]]|date=March 25, 2019|accessdate=March 25, 2019}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]] | United States | 1971–1980, 1994–present<ref name="Allmusic: Eagles (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/eagles-mn0000144847/biography|title=Allmusic: Eagles (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1972<ref name="Allmusic: Eagles (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Eagles (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|149.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 149.6 million'''| * US: 127.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 925,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.235 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 2.040 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 4.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.395 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (19/01/2015)">{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/3208|title=ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (19/01/2015)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=January 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403105654/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/3208|archivedate=April 3, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 540,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 230,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 185,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 290,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 124,749<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 352,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/lifestyles/ct-abn-heartache-tonight-0727-story.html|title=RiverEdge offers Eagles tribute band, fireworks makeup date July 27|last=Randall G.|first=Mielke|date=July 18, 2018|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Billy Joel]] | United States | 1964–present<ref name="Allmusic: Billy Joel (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/billy-joel-mn0000085915/biography|title=Allmusic: Billy Joel (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1971<ref name="Allmusic: Billy Joel (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Billy Joel (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|118.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 118.2 million'''| * US: 102.350 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090620.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (May 2009)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=April 14, 2012|archive-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011182014/http://riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090620.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * GER: 1.250 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 6.115 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 925,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.275 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.687{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 162,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/music/2018/01/23/billy-joel-will-back-fenway-august/K4YNVmPE6QB7DiEb31qMPK/story.html|title=Billy Joel will be back at Fenway in August|last=Shanahan|first=Mark|date=January 23, 2018|work=[[Boston Globe]]|accessdate=January 27, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[U2]] | Ireland | 1976–present<ref name="Allmusic: U2 (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/u2-mn0000219203/biography|title=Allmusic: U2 (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1980<ref name="Allmusic: U2 (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: U2 (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|109.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 109.7 million'''| * US: 53.1 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.450 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 5.525 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 19.620 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 5.225 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 7.155 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 4.412 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2797|title=ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (22/09/2014)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=September 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108092907/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2797|archivedate=November 8, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 2.675 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 945,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 980,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 2.295 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 515,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 568,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer"/><ref name="Pladebranchen.08 offentliggøres i dag">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fpladebranchen08-offentligg%C3%B8res-i-dag|title=Pladebranchen.08 offentliggøres i dag|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=November 2, 2005|accessdate=November 29, 2018|archive-date=2018-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616203942/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fpladebranchen08-offentligg%C3%B8res-i-dag|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 696,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 835,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 806,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 750,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 522,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 370,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 235,460<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * IRE: 316,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 775,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/former-u2-manager-paul-mcguinness-cracking-crime-on-the-c%C3%B4te-d-azur-1.2237369|title=Former U2 manager Paul McGuinness: Cracking crime on the Côte d’Azur|last=Marlowe|first=Lara|date=June 7, 2015|work=[[The Irish Times]]|accessdate=October 8, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Phil Collins]] | United Kingdom | 1980–2011, 2015–present<ref name="Allmusic: Phil Collins (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/phil-collins-mn0000337119/biography|title=Allmusic: Phil Collins (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1981<ref name="Allmusic: Phil Collins (Biography)"/> | Rock / [[Progressive rock]] / [[Adult contemporary music|Adult contemporary]]<ref name="Allmusic: Phil Collins (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|89.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 89.9 million'''| * US: 39.850 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 800,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 13.8 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 16.050 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 6.410 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.375 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.522{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 1.370 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.050 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 2.150 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 245,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 145,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=5&y=2005&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 05-2005)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 4, 2019}}</ref> * SWI: 973,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 1.044 million<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 330,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 440,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 182,581<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 132,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/29/entertainment/phil-collins-ends-retirement-feat/|title=Phil Collins' fans rejoice: Artist announces end of retirement|last=Payne|first=Ed|date=October 29, 2015|work=[[CNN]]|accessdate=October 30, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Aerosmith]] | United States | 1970–present<ref name="Allmusic: Aerosmith (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/aerosmith-mn0000604852/biography|title=Allmusic: Aerosmith (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1973<ref name="Allmusic: Aerosmith (Biography)"/> | Hard rock<ref name="Allmusic: Aerosmith (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|85.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 85.6 million'''| * US: 70.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2.7 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.710 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 225,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.950 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 225,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1990/singles-chart|title=1990 ARIA Singes Chart: Annual Charts|work=ARIA|accessdate=June 30, 2017}}</ref> * BRA: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 260,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 135,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 145,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 230,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 338,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 101,722<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wral.com/aerosmith-is-headed-to-las-vegas/17771270/|title=Aerosmith is headed to Las Vegas|last=Melas|first=Chloe|date=August 15, 2018|work=[[WRAL-TV]]|accessdate=August 15, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[ABBA]] | [[Sweden]] | 1972–1982<ref name="Allmusic: ABBA (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/abba-mn0000922728/biography|title=Allmusic: ABBA (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ankeny|first=Jason|accessdate=August 24, 2013}}</ref> | 1972<ref name="Allmusic: ABBA (Biography)"/> | Pop / [[Disco]]<ref name="Allmusic: ABBA (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|63.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 63.7 million'''| * US: 12.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.5 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=683|title=RIAJ: The Record: July 2001 (Gold Album-Page 8)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141258/http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=683|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RIAJ: Gold and Platinum Database (February 2009)">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200902.html|title=RIAJ: Gold and Platinum Database (February 2009)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915165357/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/200902.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 10.450 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 20.530 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.750 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.785 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 6.127 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="ABBA's Australian certifications at Billboard Magazine (September 8, 1979 issue)">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=6CMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT46&lpg=PT46&dq=abba+platinum+australia&q=abba%20platinum%20australia|title=ABBA's Australian certifications at Billboard Magazine (September 8, 1979 issue)|work=Billboard|date=September 8, 1979|accessdate=April 25, 2010|author1=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref> * BRA: 275,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.390 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.005 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWE: 800,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=25&y=2004&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 25-2004)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=51&y=2008&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 51-2008)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=52&y=2008&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 52-2011)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref> * SWI: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 260,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 238,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 380,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 656,319<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 297,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2489|title=The Official NZ Music Charts: Top 40 Albums (28 April 2014)|work=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|accessdate=March 17, 2015|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704123057/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2489|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1422|title=The Official NZ Music Charts: Top 40 Albums (19 March 2007)|work=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|accessdate=March 17, 2015|archive-date=2019-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028155440/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1422|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.lu/category/things-to-see-do/27952-abba-tribute-announced-for-river-moselle|title=ABBA Tribute Announced for River Moselle|last=|first=|date=January 19, 2019|work=The Luxembourg Chronicle|accessdate=February 4, 2019}}</ref><br/>100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.registercitizen.com/general-news/20100316/abba-hollies-genesis-enter-rock-hall-in-nyc-bash|title=ABBA, Hollies, Genesis enter Rock Hall in NYC bash|date=March 16, 2010|work=[[List of newspapers published by 21st Century Media|The Register Citizen of Torrington]]|accessdate=April 16, 2013|archive-date=2017-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630052657/http://www.registercitizen.com/general-news/20100316/abba-hollies-genesis-enter-rock-hall-in-nyc-bash|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Frank Sinatra]] | United States | 1935–1995<ref name="Allmusic: Frank Sinatra (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/frank-sinatra-mn0000792507/biography|title=Allmusic: Frank Sinatra (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1939<ref name="Allmusic: Frank Sinatra (Biography)"/> | Pop / [[Swing music|Swing]]<ref name="Allmusic: Frank Sinatra (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|37.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 37.7 million'''| * US: 28.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 5.685 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 650,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 315,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="1993 ARIA Album Chart">{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1993/albums-chart|title=1993 ARIA Album Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * BRA: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 110,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 130,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * ARG: 188,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|150 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euronews.com/2016/01/13/exhibition-traces-of-the-life-of-an-american-icon-frank-sinatra|title=Exhibition traces of the life of an American icon: Frank Sinatra|date=January 13, 2016|work=[[Euronews]]|accessdate=June 28, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Barbra Streisand]] | United States | 1960–present<ref name="Allmusic: Barbra Streisand (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/barbra-streisand-mn0000855531/biography|title=Allmusic: Barbra Streisand (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1963<ref name="Allmusic: Barbra Streisand (Biography)"/> | Pop / Adult contemporary<ref name="Allmusic: Barbra Streisand (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|98.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 98.2 million'''| * US: 82.450 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 750,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 5.825 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.150 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.650 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.152 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 710,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 120,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * FIN: 186,501{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 142,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|145 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/live-music-reviews/10094172/Barbra-Streisand-O2-Arena-review.html|title=Barbra Streisand, O2 Arena, review|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=June 2, 2013|accessdate=June 24, 2017|last=Helen Brown|first=Helen}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Justin Bieber]] | Canada<br />United States | 2008–present<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Bieber (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/justin-bieber-mn0002165952/biography|title=Allmusic: Justin Bieber (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Matt|last=Collar|accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref> | 2009<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Bieber (Biography)"/> | Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Bieber (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|156.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 156.2 million'''| * US: 104.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 850,000 <ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 4.2 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 21.525 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.098<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 5.860 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 5.005 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 870,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 2.045 million<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 900,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 2.020 million<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 2.7 million<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 115,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 2.970 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/> * BEL: 450,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * POL: 370,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * AUT: 155,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 652,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|140 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/justin-bieber-confirms-he-is-a-married-man/|title=Justin Bieber confirms he is a ‘married man’|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard of Nigeria]]|date=November 24, 2018|accessdate=November 24, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bruce Springsteen]] | United States | 1972–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bruce Springsteen (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bruce-springsteen-mn0000530745/biography|title=Allmusic: Bruce Springsteen (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1973<ref name="Allmusic: Bruce Springsteen (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Bruce Springsteen (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|103.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 103.2 million'''| * US: 76.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.325 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.805 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.887 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.362 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 740,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 650,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.730 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 810,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 255,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref name="Guld og platin i april">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-april-0|title=Guld og platin i april|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=May 27, 2009|accessdate=June 6, 2014|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621042754/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-april-0|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 155,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 290,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 449,800<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * IRE: 189,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 375,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|135 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4702940/springsteen-on-broadway-movie-trailer/|title=Bruce Springsteen releases moving trailer for one-man show ‘Springsteen On Broadway’|work=[[Global News]]|date=November 27, 2018|accessdate=November 27, 2018|last=Wallis|first=Adam}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kanye West]] | United States | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Kanye West (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kanye-west-mn0000361014/biography|title=Allmusic: Kanye West (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Jason|last=Birchmeier|accessdate=May 27, 2014}}</ref> | 2004<ref name="Allmusic: Kanye West (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock<ref name="Allmusic: Kanye West (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|133.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 133.3 million'''| * US: 110.750 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/201010.html|title=RIAJ: Gold/Platinum database: October 2010|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915132526/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gold/201010.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 1.350<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 16.760 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 1.180 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.135 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 185,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 160,000<ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 605,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=2&y=2009&list=t40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Track Top-40 (Uge 02-2009)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref> * NZ: 112,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|132 million<ref>{{cite news|first=Javier|last=Encalada|title=UPDATED: (Inflatable) Kanye has arrived at Splendour|url=https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/a-10m-sculpture-of-kanye-wests-sad-face-will-head-/3186316/|work=[[The Northern Star]]|date=July 19, 2017|accessdate=July 25, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bruno Mars]] | United States | 2004–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bruno Mars (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bruno-mars-mn0001032082/biography|title=Allmusic: Bruno Mars (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=David|last=Jeffries|accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> | 2010<ref name="Allmusic: Bruno Mars (Biography)"/> | Pop rock / R&B<ref name="Allmusic: Bruno Mars (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|154.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 154.9 million'''| * US: 114.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.2 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 3.6 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 17 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.950 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 5.240 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 6.265 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 775,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 490,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 440,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 525,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=12&y=2011&list=t40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 12-2011)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> * SWI: 415,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 1.050 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018"/> * BEL: 360,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 180,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 592,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/> * [[Philippine Association of the Record Industry|PHL]]: 330,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pari.com.ph/awardsgoldplatinum.html|title=PARI: List of PARI Gold, Platinum & Diamond Awardees|work=[[Philippine Association of the Record Industry]]|publisher=PARI|accessdate=August 30, 2015}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|130 million<ref>{{cite news|first=Nicky|last=VanValkenburgh|title=Exclusive Preview: Rio 2' flies high|url=http://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/life/family/parent/2014/04/11/upstate-parent-rio/7611939/|work=[[The Greenville News]]|date=April 11, 2014|accessdate=July 30, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Lady Gaga]] | United States | 2005–present<ref name="Allmusic: Lady Gaga (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lady-gaga-mn0000994823/biography|title=Allmusic: Lady Gaga (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=September 9, 2013}}</ref> | 2008<ref name="Allmusic: Lady Gaga (Biography)"/> | Pop / Dance / Electronic<ref name="Allmusic: Lady Gaga (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|110}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 110 million'''| * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 72.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 5.4 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 4.1 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 13.585 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 2.620 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2.64 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 3.565 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 470,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 130,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 1.150{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 490,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 680,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 515,000<ref name="Certificeringer marts – maj 2010"/><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 445,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 420,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 345,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 227,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 150,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 165,000<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 412,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|124 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lady-gaga-and-robbie-williams-leave-adelaide-off-australian-tour-itineraries/news-story/0deff4e81726a8fc58c706331a08c4ec|title=Lady Gaga and Robbie Williams leave Adelaide off Australian tour itineraries|first=Sam|last=Kelton|work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser of Adelaide]]|date=February 20, 2014|accessdate=October 12, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Metallica]] | United States | 1981–present<ref name="Allmusic: Metallica (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/metallica-mn0000446509/biography|title=Allmusic: Metallica (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1983<ref name="Allmusic: Metallica (Biography)"/> | Heavy metal / [[Thrash metal]]<ref name="Allmusic: Metallica (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|101.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 101.7 million'''| * US: 73.3 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 900,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 9.525 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.935 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 940,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.885 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.637 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref name="ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (07/10/2013)">{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/1569|title=ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (07/10/2013)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=September 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906203553/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/1569|archivedate=September 6, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BRA: 380,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 460,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 205,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 420,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 675,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 365,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 560,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 430,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 874,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 385,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 340,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 735,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat&nbsp;– IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 530,676<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 315,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|120 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/feb/26/metallica-sets-north-little-rock-stop-2019-tour/|title=Metallica sets 2019 North Little Rock stop on latest tour|work=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]|date=February 26, 2018|accessdate=May 3, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bee Gees]] | United Kingdom <br>Australia<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NNmFiUnSmUC&pg=PA2006-IA448#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=448|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|author=Colin Larkin|publisher=Omnibus Press|date=27 May 2011|isbn=9780857125958}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6RMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA283|page=283|title=Rock 'N' Roll Gold Rush|author=Maury Dean|publisher=Algora Publishing|date=2003|isbn=9780875862071}}</ref> | 1963–2003<br />2009–2012<ref name="Allmusic: Bee Gees (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bee-gees-mn0000043714/biography|title=Allmusic: Bee Gees (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Eder|first=Bruce|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1963<ref name="Allmusic: Bee Gees (Biography)"/> | Pop / Disco<ref name="Allmusic: Bee Gees (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|69.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 69.3 million'''| * US: 42.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ: The Record: July 1996">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=827|title=RIAJ: The Record: July 1996 (Page 5)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091612/http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=827|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=817|title=RIAJ: The Record: November 1996 (Page 4)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113620/http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/open/open-record!file?fid=817|url-status=dead}}</ref> * GER: 6.675 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.565 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.215 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.187 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 540,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWI: 415,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 188,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 380,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|120 million<ref>{{cite news|first=Hollie|last=McKay|title=Barry Gibb honors brothers at sold out show, reveals Bee Gees' best song|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2014/06/05/barry-gibb-honors-brothers-at-sold-out-show-reveals-bee-gees-best-song.html|work=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=June 5, 2014|accessdate=February 22, 2017}}</ref> |- |} === 10 കോടിയ്ക്കും 11.9 കോടിയ്ക്കും ഇടയിൽ === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> |[[Drake (musician)|Drake]] File:Katy_Perry_DNC_July_2016_(cropped).jpg|[[Katy Perry]] File:Maroon_5_2016.jpg|[[Maroon 5]] File:Jay-Z @ Shawn 'Jay-Z' Carter Foundation Carnival (crop 2).jpg|[[Jay-Z]] File:Adele 2016.jpg|[[Adele]] File:Chris Brown (6936274970).jpg|[[Chris Brown]] File:Lil Wayne (23513397583).jpg|[[Lil Wayne]] </gallery> <!--When adding to this page, please ensure that your claims are sourced. This means that you must provide the location of the claim. All sources must be published by third party reliable sources. It cannot be pages in Wikipedia or forums on web pages nor can they be Artists' official sites. Unsourced additions will be removed immediately--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Artist ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Country / Market ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Period active ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Genre ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"| [[Music recording sales certification|Total certified units]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Claimed sales |- ! scope="row" | [[Drake (musician)|Drake]] | Canada | 2001–present<ref name="Allmusic: Drake (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/drake-mn0001035294/biography|title=Allmusic: Drake (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andy|last=Kellman|accessdate=September 26, 2018}}</ref> | 2009<ref name="Allmusic: Drake (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop / R&B / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Drake (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|267.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 267.4 million'''| * US: 219.4 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 2.050 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 26.8 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.199 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 7.280 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.325 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 290,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 1.295 million<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 500,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 1.190 million<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 1.505<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * MEX: 960,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.974694689321809&type=3|title=AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018 (September)|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|accessdate=September 14, 2018}}</ref> * BEL: 235,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * NZ: 390,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|107 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/02/19/drake-buys-400000-diamond-encrusted-iphone-case/|title=Drake Buys $400,000 Diamond Encrusted Iphone Case|first=Chinwe|last=Madugba|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership of Nigeria]]|date=February 19, 2019|accessdate=February 19, 2019}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Maroon 5]] | United States | 1994–present<ref name="Allmusic: Maroon 5 (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/maroon-5-mn0000285232/biography|title=Allmusic: Maroon 5 (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=November 20, 2017}}</ref> | 2002<ref name="Allmusic: Maroon 5 (Biography)"/> | Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop<ref name="Allmusic: Maroon 5 (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|112.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 112.7 million'''| * US: 79.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 2.550<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.860 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.042<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 4.405 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.5 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 1.050 million<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 965,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 310,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 850,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 672,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * MEX: 3.605 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pg/CertificacionesAmprofon/photos/?ref=page_internal|title=AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|accessdate=June 27, 2019}}</ref> * BEL: 105,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * NZ: 375,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|101 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/super-bowl-53-maroon-5-halftime-5537250/|title=Maroon 5 to play Super Bowl halftime show|first=Reuters|last=Reporter|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=January 14, 2019|accessdate=January 14, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Katy Perry]] | United States | 2001–present<ref name="Allmusic: Katy Perry (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/katy-perry-mn0000859589/biography|title=Allmusic: Katy Perry (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=March 5, 2014}}</ref> | 2008<ref name="Allmusic: Katy Perry (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Katy Perry (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|139.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 139.2 million'''| * US: 105 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 3.8 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 13.210 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 867,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 6.320 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 5.3 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 685,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 790,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 180,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 600,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 235,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * SWI: 160,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 960,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2018"/> * BEL: 135,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 247,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 360,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-television-americanidol-perry/pop-star-katy-perry-to-join-abcs-american-idol-reboot-idUSKCN18C2PS|title=Pop star Katy Perry to join ABC's 'American Idol' reboot|work=[[Reuters]]|first=Piya|last=Sinha-Roy|date=May 17, 2017|accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Jay-Z]] | United States | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Jay-Z (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jay-z-mn0000224257/biography|title=Allmusic: Jay-Z (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Jason|last=Birchmeier|accessdate=February 20, 2014}}</ref> | 1996<ref name="Allmusic: Jay-Z (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop<ref name="Allmusic: Jay-Z (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|109.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 109.7 million'''| * US: 91.2 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.050 million<ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 2 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.520 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 400,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.730 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.260<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 215,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 130,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 140,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * BEL: 100,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/concerts/jay-z-reclaims-hip-hop-throne-v-festival-hylands-park-review/|title=Jay Z reclaims the hip-hop throne: V Festival, Hylands Park, review|first=James|last=Lachno|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=August 21, 2017|accessdate=February 3, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Adele]] | United Kingdom | 2006–present<ref name="Allmusic: Adele (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/adele-mn0000503460/biography|title=Allmusic: Adele (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Davis|last=Jeffries|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> | 2008<ref name="Allmusic: Adele (Biography)"/> | Pop, soul<ref name="Allmusic: Adele (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|108.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 108.2 million'''| * US: 61 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.7 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 21.550 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 7.360 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.955 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 1.310 million<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 380,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 1.570 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 800,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 320,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 1.032 million<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * MEX: 1.750 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/> * SWI: 510,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 795,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * POL: 300,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 151,639<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 622,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-adele-united-center-review-20160710-column.html|title=Adele's best conversation is with her band at United Center|first=Greg Kot|last=Kot|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=July 11, 2016|accessdate=July 11, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Chris Brown]] | United States | 2005–present<ref name="Allmusic: Chris Brown (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/chris-brown-mn0000266063/biography|title=Allmusic: Chris Brown (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andy|last=Kellman|accessdate=February 26, 2018}}</ref> | 2005<ref name="Allmusic: Chris Brown (Biography)"/> | Pop / R&B, Hip-hop <ref name="Allmusic: Chris Brown (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|108}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 108 million'''| * US: 88.550 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 500,000<ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 450,000<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 12.7 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 970,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.8 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 570,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 140,000<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 330,000<ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 382,500<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * MEX: 360,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/> * NZ: 275,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20190122/american-singer-chris-brown-arrested-in-paris-on-suspicion-of-rape|title=American singer Chris Brown 'arrested in Paris on suspicion of rape'|work=[[The Local]]|date=January 22, 2019|accessdate=January 22, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Lil Wayne]] | United States | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Lil Wayne (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lil-wayne-mn0000272689/biography|title=Allmusic: Lil Wayne (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=David|last=Jeffries|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> | 1999<ref name="Allmusic: Lil Wayne (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop<ref name="Allmusic: Lil Wayne (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|102.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 102.3 million'''| * US: 97.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 300,000<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.1 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 100,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 320,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 630,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://beta.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-lil-wayne-miami-mansion-sold-20170621-story.html|title=Lil Wayne gets $10 million for Miami Beach home with skate park and shark lagoon|first=Neal|last=Leitereg|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 21, 2017|accessdate=January 10, 2018}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Beyoncé]] | United States | 1997–present<ref name="Allmusic: Beyonce (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/beyonc%C3%A9-mn0000761179/biography|title=Allmusic: Beyonce (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 2002<ref name="Allmusic: Beyonce (Biography)"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/beyonce/|title=Official Charts Company: Beyoncé|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=April 17, 2014}}</ref> | R&B / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Beyonce (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|93.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 93.1 million'''| * US: 63.950 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.7 million <ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 1.550 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 17.270 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 560,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="Certifications Albums – Année 2013"/> * CAN: 1.635 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.290 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 390,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 340,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.230 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="PROMUSICAE: Conciones Top 20 Anual 2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/imagenes/file/TOP20ANO2007DESCARGASCANCIONESYTONOS.PDF|title=PROMUSICAE: Conciones Top 20 Anual 2007|language=Spanish|publisher=[[PROMUSICAE]]|accessdate=2014-11-13|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621054947/http://www.promusicae.es/files/imagenes/file/TOP20ANO2007DESCARGASCANCIONESYTONOS.PDF|archivedate=June 21, 2013}}</ref> * SWE: 120,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 372,500<ref name="Certificeringer marts – maj 2010"/><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=5&y=2009&list=t40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 05-2009)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=4&y=2010&list=t40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 04-2010)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 6, 2014}}</ref> * SWI: 165,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 110,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * BEL: 135,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * POL: 110,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 210,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-beyonce/beyonces-father-confirms-the-birth-of-her-twins-in-twitter-message-idUSKBN199047|title=Beyonce's father confirms the birth of her twins in Twitter message|first=Bernie|last=Woodall|work=[[Reuters]]|date=June 18, 2017|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Coldplay]] | United Kingdom | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Coldplay (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/coldplay-mn0000775877/biography|title=Allmusic: Coldplay (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=December 18, 2015}}</ref> | 1999<ref name="Allmusic: Coldplay (Biography)"/> | Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Coldplay (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|86.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 86.6 million'''| * US: 31.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 750,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 4.850 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 27.545 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.013<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.585 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.865 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 340,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 390,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 3.075 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.030 million<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 750,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 1,064 million<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * SWI: 570,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 1.890 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/> * ARG: 528,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 765,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 197,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 320,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * IRE: 210,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 345,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewestonmercury.co.uk/what-s-on/latest-films-reviews/win-tickets-to-see-coldplay-film-in-weston-super-mare-1-5772613|title=Win tickets to see Coldplay film in Weston|first=Sam|last=Frost|work=[[The Weston & Somerset Mercury]]|date=November 9, 2018|accessdate=November 9, 2018|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509022751/https://www.thewestonmercury.co.uk/what-s-on/latest-films-reviews/win-tickets-to-see-coldplay-film-in-weston-super-mare-1-5772613|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[B'z]] | Japan | 1988–present<ref name="Allmusic: B'z (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bz-mn0000316445/biography|title=Allmusic: B'z (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Alexey|last=Eremenko|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1988<ref name="Allmusic: B'z (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock<ref name="Allmusic: B'z (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|85.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 85.9 million'''| * JPN: 85.95 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref name="Japan's 1 Million Seller Database">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/others/mil.html|title=年度別ミリオンセラー一覧 (Million Seller List by Year)|publisher=Recording Industry Association of Japan|language=Japanese|accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rafu.com/2017/10/meeting-of-the-masters/|title=Meeting of the Masters|work=[[Rafu Shimpo]]|first=Mikey Hirano|last=Culross|date=October 11, 2017|accessdate=December 1, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bon Jovi]] | United States | 1983–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bon Jovi (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bon-jovi-mn0000069534/biography|title=Allmusic: Bon Jovi (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1983<ref name="Allmusic: Bon Jovi (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / [[Glam metal]]<ref name="Allmusic: Bon Jovi (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|85.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 85.4 million'''| * US: 49.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 4.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 5.650 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.890 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 825,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 4.735 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.030 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20080220-0000/issue935.pdf|title=ARIA Report 28th January 2008 (Issue 935)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=April 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediafire.com/view/?pg9xv4quxb41n8w|title=Bon Jovi's Australian certifications sent by ARIA team|work=ARIA|accessdate=May 18, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-22|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150822134305/https://www.mediafire.com/view/?pg9xv4quxb41n8w|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BRA: 435,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 710,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 210,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.620 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 365,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * SWI: 1.275 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 358,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 290,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 725,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 422,500<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 210,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/jon-bon-jovi-touring-is-much-more-civil-now-11517364|title=Jon Bon Jovi: Touring is much more civil now|work=[[Sky News]]|date=October 4, 2018|accessdate=October 4, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Linkin Park]] | United States | 1996–present<ref name="Allmusic: Linkin Park (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/linkin-park-mn0000289599/biography|title=Allmusic: Linkin Park (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref> | 2000<ref name="Allmusic: Linkin Park (Biography)"/> | Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock<ref name="Allmusic: Linkin Park (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|85.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 85.4 million'''| * US: 62.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.550 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 6.2 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.445 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.025<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.330 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.485 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 595,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 850,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 175,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 165,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 385,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * SWI: 435,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 225,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * BEL: 140,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 260,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 220,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 120,469<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 252,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/chester-bennington-linkin-park-lead-singer-fans-death-suicide-childhood-chris-cornell-nu-metal-a7858551.html|title=Chester Bennington: Lead singer of Linkin Park remembered|work=[[The Independent]]|first=Phil|last=Shaw|date=July 25, 2017|accessdate=August 8, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Fleetwood Mac]] | United Kingdom<br /> United States | 1967–present<ref name="Allmusic: Fleetwood Mac (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fleetwood-mac-mn0000182900/biography|title=Allmusic: Fleetwood Mac (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1968<ref name="Allmusic: Fleetwood Mac (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Fleetwood Mac (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|83.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 83.2 million'''| * US: 56.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 3.5 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 15.345 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 800,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.767 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * CAN: 2.950 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * NLD: 590,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWI: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * NZ: 572,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1231|title=The Official New Zealand Music Charts: 29 June 2003|work=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|accessdate=August 4, 2014|date=June 29, 2003|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704125955/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1231|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2269|title=The Official New Zealand Music Charts: 16 September 2013|work=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|accessdate=August 4, 2014|date=September 16, 2013|archive-date=2015-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919232801/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2269|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-awards-grammys-musicares/bill-clinton-repays-a-favor-to-fleetwood-mac-at-musicares-ceremony-idUSKBN1FG05X|title=Bill Clinton repays a favor to Fleetwood Mac at MusiCares ceremony|first=Jill|last=Serjeant|work=[[Reuters]]|date=January 27, 2018|accessdate=January 27, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Britney Spears]] | United States | 1998–present<ref name="Allmusic: Britney Spears (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/britney-spears-mn0000628467/biography|title=Allmusic: Britney Spears (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1998<ref name="Allmusic: Britney Spears (Biography)"/> | Pop / Dance / [[Dance-pop]]<ref name="Allmusic: Britney Spears (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|82.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 82.7 million'''| * US: 46.2 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2.1 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ: Digital Certifications (January 2014)"/> * GER: 5.350 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.150 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.732 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.680 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.165 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 380,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 665,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 990,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 1.010 million<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin i april (01/05/2008)">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/guld-og-platin-i-april|title=Guld og platin i april (01/05/2008)|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=May 1, 2008|accessdate=June 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308132532/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-i-april|archivedate=2014-03-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * SWI: 485,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 1.175 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 248,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 935,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 365,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 210,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 143,627<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 240,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/37105479/britney-spears-to-perform-at-mtv-video-music-awards-for-first-time-in-10-years|title=Britney Spears to perform at MTV Video Music Awards for first time in 10 years|work=[[BBC News]]|date=August 17, 2016|accessdate=February 2, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Rod Stewart]] | United Kingdom | 1964–present<ref name="Allmusic: Rod Stewart (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rod-stewart-mn0000293896/biography|title=Allmusic: Rod Stewart (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Rod Stewart (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Rod Stewart (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|80.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 80.2 million'''| * US: 44.650 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 3.8 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 19.490 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.8 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 4.055 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.610 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 980,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 290,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWE: 440,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 524,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 220,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * IRE: 195,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/18/sir-rod-stewart-i-was-conceived-in-an-anderson-bomb--shelter-dur/|title=Sir Rod Stewart: 'I was conceived in an Anderson bomb shelter during the Second World War'|first=Hannah|last=Furness|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=June 18, 2016|accessdate=January 3, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Backstreet Boys]] | United States | 1993–present<ref name="Allmusic: Backstreet Boys (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/backstreet-boys-mn0000765595/biography|title=Allmusic: Backstreet Boys (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1995<ref name="Allmusic: Backstreet Boys (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Backstreet Boys (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|76.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 76.5 million'''| * US: 44.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 5.4 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/2001.html |script-title=ja:年度別ミリオンセラー一覧　2001年 |trans-title=2001 Million Seller List|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103051544/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/2001.html|archivedate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 7 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 4.875 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 325,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.510 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.855 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 1.625 million<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 830,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 1.850 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 655,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 165,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=4&y=2001&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 04-2001)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=3&y=2002&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 03-2002)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref> * SWI: 415,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 1.475 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 740,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 325,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 300,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 171,390<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 132,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/entertainment/backstreet-boys-star-nick-carter-heartbroken-after-wife-suffers-miscarriage-868148.html|title=Backstreet Boys star Nick Carter ‘heartbroken’ after wife suffers miscarriage|first=Press|last=Association|work=[[Irish Examiner]]|date=September 11, 2018|accessdate=September 11, 2018|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221151329/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/entertainment/backstreet-boys-star-nick-carter-heartbroken-after-wife-suffers-miscarriage-868148.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Guns N' Roses]] | United States | 1985–present<ref name="Allmusic: Guns N' Roses (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/guns-n-roses-p4416/biography|title=Allmusic: Guns N' Roses (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref> | 1987<ref name="Allmusic: Guns N' Roses (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / Heavy metal<ref name="Allmusic: Guns N' Roses (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|76.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 76.9 million'''| * US: 48.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.7 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.1 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.650 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.520 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.410{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref name="ARIA: ARIA Albums Chart (19/01/2015)"/> * BRA: 1.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 705,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 710,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 450,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWE: 485,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=28&y=2006&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 28-2006)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=August 8, 2018}}</ref> * SWI: 365,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 760,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 1.248 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 165,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 365,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 160,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * IRE: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 270,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/guns-n-roses-at-ad-grand-prix|title=Guns N' Roses at AD Grand Prix|work=[[Khaleej Times]]|date=May 8, 2018|accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[George Strait]] | United States | 1981–present<ref name="Allmusic: George Strait (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/george-strait-mn0000944084/biography|title=Allmusic: George Strait (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=June 8, 2014}}</ref> | 1984<ref name="Allmusic: George Strait (Biography)"/> | Country<ref name="Allmusic: George Strait (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|72.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 72.8 million'''| * US: 72.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * CAN: 705,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2015/09/23/George-Strait-debuts-new-single-ahead-of-forthcoming-album/8591443038111/|title=George Strait debuts new single ahead of forthcoming album|first=Annie|last=Martin|work=[[United Press International]]|date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Eric Clapton]] | United Kingdom | 1962–present<ref name="Allmusic: Eric Clapton (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/eric-clapton-mn0000187478/biography|title=Allmusic: Eric Clapton (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=William|last=Ruhlmann|accessdate=December 15, 2018}}</ref> | 1970<ref name="Allmusic: Eric Clapton (Biography)"/> | Rock, Blues<ref name="Allmusic: Eric Clapton (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|70.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 70.7 million'''| * US: 47.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 3.950 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 3.030 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.190 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.475 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.275 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.045 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 715,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 745,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 700,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 320,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * SWI: 385,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 420,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 145,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 129,679{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 102,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.koeln.de/koeln/was_ist_los/topevents/eric_clapton_711602.html|title=Eric Clapton|language=German|work=koeln.de|date=July 2, 2018|accessdate=December 15, 2018|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224156/https://www.koeln.de/koeln/was_ist_los/topevents/eric_clapton_711602.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Neil Diamond]] | United States | 1966–present<ref name="Allmusic: Neil Diamond (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/neil-diamond-mn0000864209/biography|title=Allmusic: Neil Diamond (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1966<ref name="Allmusic: Neil Diamond (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Neil Diamond (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|68.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 68.9 million'''| * US: 55.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.370 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 1.725 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.085 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="1996 ARIA Album Chart">{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1996/albums-chart|title=1996 ARIA Album Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * NLD: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * NZ: 132,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/neil-diamond-to-stop-touring-after-parkinsons-diagnosis-11219060|title=Neil Diamond to stop touring after Parkinson's diagnosis|work=[[Sky News]]|date=January 23, 2018|accessdate=January 24, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Santana (band)|Santana]] | United States | 1966–present<ref name="Allmusic: Santana (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/santana-mn0000295756/biography|title=Allmusic: Santana (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=William|last=Ruhlmann|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Santana (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Santana (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|65.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 65.3 million'''| * US: 50.295 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 2.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.080 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.510 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.660 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 855,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 375,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 540,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 375,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 405,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 158,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 145,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 205,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 135,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jacksonville.com/entertainment/music/2017-10-19/echoes-woodstock-santana-one-few-big-names-still-road|title=Echoes of Woodstock: Santana one of the few big names still on the road|work=[[The Florida Times-Union]]|first=Tom|last=Szaroleta|date=October 19, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] | United States | 1976–2016<ref name="Allmusic: Prince (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-mn0000361393/biography|title=Allmusic: Prince (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1978<ref name="Allmusic: Prince (Biography)"/> | [[Funk]] / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Prince (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|65.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 65.1 million'''| * US: 48.950 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 2.4 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.245 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.110 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.120{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 670,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 700,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 100,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 182,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-music-prince/purple-reigns-at-london-exhibition-charting-princes-career-idUSKBN1CV2CN|title=Purple reigns at London exhibition charting Prince's career|first=Mark|last=Hanrahan|work=[[Reuters]]|date=October 26, 2017|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kenny Rogers]] | United States | 1958–present<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny Rogers (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-rogers-mn0000069986/biography|title=Allmusic: Kenny Rogers (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Vinopal & Erlewine|first=David & Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1975<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny Rogers (Biography)"/> | Country / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny Rogers (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|61.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 61.6 million'''| * US: 54.050 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090720.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (June 2009)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915155927/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090720.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * UK: 2.720 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 4.6 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-2004.htm|title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2004 Albums|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/AlbumAccreds2015.htm|title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Albums|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=August 1, 2015}}</ref> * SPA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39784924|title=Kenny Rogers prepares to hang up his microphone|work=[[BBC News]]|date=May 7, 2017|last=Gordon|first=Dave|accessdate=December 24, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Paul McCartney]] | United Kingdom | 1960–present<ref name="Allmusic: Paul McCartney (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/paul-mccartney-mn0000029884/biography|title=Allmusic: Paul McCartney (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1970<ref name="Allmusic: Paul McCartney (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Paul McCartney (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|61.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 61.6 million'''| * US: 41.450 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.525 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 13.465 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.305 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.955 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 465,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * SPA: 640,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWE: 210,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.se/wp/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf|title=IFPI Sweden: Certifications for 1987–1998|publisher=IFPI Sweden|accessdate=April 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616145338/http://www.ifpi.se/wp/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf|archivedate=June 16, 2011}}</ref> * DEN: 210,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2013/12/paul-mccartney-brooklyn-nets-tshirt|title=Paul McCartney wanted a free Brooklyn Nets T-shirt more than anything|first=Chris|last=Strauss|work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 17, 2013|accessdate=February 21, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Simon & Garfunkel]] | United States | 1956–2004<ref name="Allmusic: Simon & Garfunkel (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/simon-garfunkel-mn0000038936/biography|title=Allmusic: Simon & Garfunkel (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|accessdate=February 27, 2018}}</ref> | 1964<ref name="Allmusic: Simon & Garfunkel (Biography)"/> | Folk rock<ref name="Allmusic: Simon & Garfunkel (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|59.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 59.7 million'''| * US: 42.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 700,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 2.325 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.080 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 1.425 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 390,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * AUT: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 163,350{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kidderminstershuttle.co.uk/news/10081485.The_singer_with_Art/|title=The singer with Art|first=Andy|last=Welch|work=[[The Shuttle]]|date=December 1, 2012|accessdate=February 27, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Janet Jackson]] | United States | 1982–present<ref name="Allmusic: Janet Jackson (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/janet-jackson-mn0000208774/biography|title=Allmusic: Janet Jackson (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1982<ref name="Allmusic: Janet Jackson (Biography)"/> | R&B / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Janet Jackson (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|52.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 52.5 million'''| * US: 39.750 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.6 million {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.4 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 4.760 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.475 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.460 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.155{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 400,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 150,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 170,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2017/05/janet_jackson_will_finally_mak.html|title=Janet Jackson finally plans to make up postponed Bethlehem concert|first=Andrew|last=Doerfler|work=[[The Express-Times]]|date=May 2, 2017|accessdate=May 8, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Julio Iglesias]] | Spain | 1968–present<ref name="Allmusic: Julio Iglesias (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/julio-iglesias-mn0000102985/biography|title=Allmusic: Julio Iglesias (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1968<ref name="Allmusic: Julio Iglesias (Biography)"/> | [[Latin pop|Latin]]<ref name="Allmusic: Julio Iglesias (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|51.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 51.2 million'''| * US: 11 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 800,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ8EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA108&dq=Gold%20and%20Platinum%20certifications%20in%20Spain&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q=Gold%20and%20Platinum%20certifications%20in%20Spain&f=false|title=Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary|work=Billboard|accessdate=September 23, 2011|date=May 27, 2000|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref> * GER: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 1.620 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * FRA: 6.1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * CAN: 1.5 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 505,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * BRA: 12.475 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * NLD: 1.2 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * ITA: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * SPA: 8.7 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * SWE: 290,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * MEX: 2.975 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * ARG: 3.220 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * BEL: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * FIN: 131,636{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/julio-iglesias-was-a-bad-singer-at-start-of-his-career-1.928203|title=Julio Iglesias was a 'bad singer' at start of his career|work=[[CTV News]]|date=August 24, 2012|accessdate=March 17, 2016|last=Staff|first=CTVNews.ca|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221151327/https://www.ctvnews.ca/julio-iglesias-was-a-bad-singer-at-start-of-his-career-1.928203|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] | United States | 1967–present<ref name="Allmusic: Chicago (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chicago-mn0000110161/biography|title=Allmusic: Chicago (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Chicago (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Chicago (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|48.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 48.4 million'''| * US: 44.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/cert/hs.html|title=RIAJ: Digital downloads: February 2014|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> * GER: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 1.490 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 1.865 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * NLD: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-chicago-20160408|title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Chicago|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=April 8, 2016|accessdate=July 25, 2017|archive-date=2018-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135854/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-chicago-20160408|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Dire Straits]] | United Kingdom | 1977–1995<ref name="Allmusic: Dire Straits (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dire-straits-mn0000167517/biography|title=Allmusic: Dire Straits (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1978<ref name="Allmusic: Dire Straits (Biography)"/> | Rock <ref name="Allmusic: Dire Straits (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|47.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 47.3 million'''| * US: 15.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 3.750 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 12.4 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 5.3 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.575 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.190 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 900,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 535,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.380 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 360,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 285,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 1 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 471,530<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 155,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/music/rocktalk/516848/dire-straits-reunion-not-horizon-says-band-founder-john-illsley-ahead-tayside-gigs/|title=Dire Straits reunion ‘not on the horizon’, says band founder John Illsley ahead of Tayside gigs|first=Michael|last=Alexander|work=[[The Courier (Dundee)|The Courier of Dundee]]|date=October 20, 2017|accessdate=March 13, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bob Dylan]] | United States | 1959–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Dylan (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bob-dylan-mn0000066915/biography|title=Allmusic: Bob Dylan (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1963<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Dylan (Biography)"/> | [[Folk music|Folk]] / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Dylan (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|45.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 45.7 million'''| * US: 35.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 625,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 6.330 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 800,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.5 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 480,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWI: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * NZ: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/bob-dylan-makes-no-mention-of-nobel-prize-at-las-vegas-concert-1.2829616|title=Bob Dylan makes no mention of Nobel prize at Las Vegas concert|work=[[The Irish Times]]|date=October 14, 2016|accessdate=July 28, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Def Leppard]] | United Kingdom | 1977–present<ref name="Allmusic: Def Leppard (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/def-leppard-mn0000193320/biography|title=Allmusic: Def Leppard (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1979<ref name="Allmusic: Def Leppard (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / Heavy metal<ref name="Allmusic: Def Leppard (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|42.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 42.3 million'''| * US: 36.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * UK: 1.960 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 200,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 2.995 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 385,000<ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20060720-0000/issue850.pdf|title=ARIA Report Issue #850|publisher=ARIA|date=June 19, 2006|accessdate=February 11, 2010}}</ref> * SWE: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-22280880|title=Def Leppard sponsor Rhiwbina rugby under-10s in Cardiff|date=April 29, 2013|first=Kevin|last=Leonard|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Cher]] | United States | 1964–present<ref name="Allmusic: Cher (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/cher-mn0000107090/biography|title=Allmusic: Cher (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Eder|first=Bruce|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1965<ref name="Allmusic: Cher (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk<ref name="Allmusic: Cher (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|41.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 41.3 million'''| * US: 21.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.175 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 6.770 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.525 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.380 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.530 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/?xaij7r71ngxbgqe|title=Cher's Australia's certifications sent by ARIA team|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 26, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103173028/https://www.mediafire.com/view/?xaij7r71ngxbgqe|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BRA: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 375,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Cash-Box-IDX/60s/1967/CB-1967-02-04-OCR-Page-0058.pdf|title=Cash Box magazine: Cash Box Great Britain (Issue February 4, 1967 page 58)|work=[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cashbox]]|date=February 4, 1967|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/60s/1967/CB-1967-02-04.pdf|title=Cash Box magazine: Cash Box Great Britain (PDF of Full Issue February 4, 1967 page 58)|work=[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cashbox]]|date=February 4, 1967|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref> * ITA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Billboard magazine: Believe in the Album (Issue January 22, 2000 page 2)">{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sA0EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=es&pg=PP2#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Billboard magazine: Believe in the Album (Issue January 22, 2000 page 2)|work=Billboard|date=January 22, 2000|accessdate=November 17, 2012}}</ref> * SPA: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/><ref name="Billboard magazine: Believe in the Album (Issue January 22, 2000 page 2)"/> * SWE: 850,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * SWI: 295,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * DEN: 370,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Billboard magazine: Believe in the Album (Issue January 22, 2000 page 2)"/> * ARG: 106,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Julio Iglesias 30th Anniversary"/> * BEL: 275,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/> * AUT: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 150,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/b1l57842fpfp59p/NZ_chart_book_Cher.pdf|title=Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006|publisher=[[RIANZ]]|accessdate=April 7, 2014}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/news/ct-ent-cher-musical-chicago-20170927-story.html|title=Believe: 'The Cher Show' to premiere in Chicago|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=September 28, 2017|accessdate=September 28, 2017|first=Chris|last=Jones}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] | United Kingdom | 1967–1999<br />2006–present<ref name="Allmusic: Genesis (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/genesis-mn0000199995/biography|title=Allmusic: Genesis (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Eder|first=Bruce|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Genesis (Biography)"/> | [[Progressive rock]] / [[Pop rock]]<ref name="Allmusic: Genesis (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|40.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 40.2 million'''| * US: 21.650 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 5.875 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 7.325 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.460 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 805,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * NLD: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWE: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/book-excerpt-phil-collins-not-dead-yet/|title=Book excerpt: Phil Collins' "Not Dead Yet"|work=[[CBS News]]|date=October 22, 2016|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Olivia Newton-John]] | Australia | 1966–present<ref name="Allmusic: Olivia Newton-John (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/olivia-newton-john-mn0000473554/biography|title=Allmusic: Olivia Newton-John (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1966<ref name="Allmusic: Olivia Newton-John (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Olivia Newton-John (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|35.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 35.9 million'''| * US: 27 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.950 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 3.025 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1991/singles-chart|title=1991 ARIA Singles Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * NLD: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/newtonjohns-new-battle-with-cancer-25-years-after-initial-diagnosis/news-story/a4b6814c50741afff4b6aebb885225f5|title=Newton-John's new battle with cancer 25 years after initial diagnosis|work=[[The Australian]]|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=June 18, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[James Taylor]] | United States | 1968–present<ref name="Allmusic: James Taylor (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/james-taylor-mn0000204386/biography|title=Allmusic: James Taylor (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref> | 1970<ref name="Allmusic: James Taylor (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: James Taylor (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|36.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 36.1 million'''| * US: 35.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 655,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/james-taylor-on-career-kennedy-center-honors/|title=James Taylor on career, Kennedy Center Honors|work=[[CBS News]]|date=December 28, 2016|accessdate=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Stevie Wonder]] | United States | 1961–present<ref name="Allmusic: Stevie Wonder (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/stevie-wonder-mn0000622805/biography|title=Allmusic: Stevie Wonder (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1962<ref name="Allmusic: Stevie Wonder (Biography)"/> | [[Funk music|Funk]] / R&B / Soul<ref name="Allmusic: Stevie Wonder (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|35.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 35.5 million'''| * US: 21.650 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.050 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.785 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.550 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * NLD: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/music/index.ssf/2015/01/stevie_wonders_songs_in_the_ke.html|title=Stevie Wonder's 'Songs in the Key of Life' tour coming to New Orleans|first=Keith|last=Spera|work=[[The Times-Picayune]]|date=January 15, 2015|accessdate=November 12, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[David Bowie]] | United Kingdom | 1962–2016<ref name="Allmusic: David Bowie (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/david-bowie-mn0000531986/biography|title=Allmusic: David Bowie (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref> | 1967<ref name="Allmusic: David Bowie (Biography)"/> | [[Art rock]] / Glam rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: David Bowie (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|34.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 34.8 million'''| * US: 13.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 525,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 13.895 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.380 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.315 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 635,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="1990 ARIA Album Chart"/> * NLD: 465,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 445,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 170,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * NZ: 142,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/rebel-rebel-we-profile-singing-legend-david-bowie-34329294.html|title=Rebel, rebel: We profile singing legend David Bowie|first=Andy|last=Gill|work=[[The Belfast Telegraph]]|date=January 2, 2016|accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Tina Turner]] | United States | 1955–present<ref name="Allmusic: Tina Turner (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/tina-turner-mn0000597309/biography|title=Allmusic: Tina Turner (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Bush|first=John|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1975<ref name="Allmusic: Tina Turner (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Tina Turner (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|33.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 33.8 million'''| * US: 12.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 6.050 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.585 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.135 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.560 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 480,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 565,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 700,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 330,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 565,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 190,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 630,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 241,954<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3597835/tina-turner-unpublished-photos/|title=Tina Turner: Unpublished Photos of the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=November 10, 2014|accessdate=May 9, 2015|last=Ben|first=Cosgrove|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601055141/http://time.com/3597835/tina-turner-unpublished-photos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Linda Ronstadt]] | United States | 1967–present<ref name="Allmusic: Linda Ronstadt (Overview)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/linda-ronstadt-mn0000686897/biography|title=Allmusic: Linda Ronstadt (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1968<ref name="Allmusic: Linda Ronstadt (Overview)"/> | Rock / Folk / Country<ref name="Allmusic: Linda Ronstadt (Overview)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|33.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 33.2 million'''| * US: 31.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 435,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 665,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-28540954|title=Linda Ronstadt receives White House honour|work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 29, 2014|accessdate=February 14, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Donna Summer]] | United States | 1968–2012<ref name="Allmusic: Donna Summer (Overview)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/donna-summer-mn0000661524/biography|title=Allmusic: Donna Summer (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | 1974<ref name="Allmusic: Donna Summer (Overview)"/> | Pop / Disco / R&B<ref name="Allmusic: Donna Summer (Overview)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|31}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 31 million'''| * US: 24.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 3.795 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 900,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.550 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/14-of-the-best-sunshinefilled-songs-that-scream-summer-30271794.html|title=14 of the best sunshine-filled songs that scream Summer|work=[[Irish Independent]]|date=May 16, 2014|accessdate=February 25, 2015|last=Sweeney|first=Eamon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Beach Boys]] | United States | 1961–present<ref name="Allmusic: The Beach Boys (Overview)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-beach-boys-mn0000041874/biography|title=Allmusic: The Beach Boys (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=John|last=Bush|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1962<ref name="Allmusic: The Beach Boys (Overview)"/> | Rock / Pop / [[Surf music|Surf Rock]]<ref name="Allmusic: The Beach Boys (Overview)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|30.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 30.7 million'''| * US: 25.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.610 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 492,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * SPA: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/aug/17/beach-boys-member-al-jardine-touring-brian-wilson/|title=The Beach Boys Al Jardine: ‘No, You’re the Greatest’|first=Keith|last=Valcourt|work=[[The Washington Times]]|date=August 17, 2016|accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Who]] | United Kingdom | 1964–present<ref name="Allmusic: The Who (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-who-mn0000577627/biography|title=Allmusic: The Who (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Eder & Erlewine|first=Bruce & Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1965<ref name="Allmusic: The Who (Biography)"/> | Rock / Hard rock<ref name="Allmusic: The Who (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|27.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 27.6 million'''| * US: 22.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 4.605 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 425,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * ITA: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-28087350|title=The Who say UK tour begins 'long goodbye'|work=[[BBC News]]|date=June 30, 2014|accessdate=March 22, 2017|last=Tim|first=Masters}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Barry White]] | United States | 1972–2003<ref name="Allmusic: Barry White (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/barry-white-mn0000149044/biography|title=Allmusic: Barry White (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Hogen|first=Ed|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1973<ref name="Allmusic: Barry White (Biography)"/> | R&B / Soul<ref name="Allmusic: Barry White (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|21.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 21.7 million'''| * US: 16.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 3.665 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.1 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * SPA: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * BEL: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|100 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pilotonline.com/entertainment/music/behind-the-groove/article_de49c46d-7985-5e7a-a069-c3bae7cbafcc.html|title=When the Need for You Was Strong: Barry White Introduces Gloria Scott|work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]]|date=February 6, 2013|accessdate=October 26, 2015|last=Ollison|first=Rashod|archive-date=2018-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112224/https://pilotonline.com/entertainment/music/behind-the-groove/article_de49c46d-7985-5e7a-a069-c3bae7cbafcc.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} === 8 കോടിയ്ക്കും 9.9 കോടിയ്ക്കും ഇടയിൽ === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> File:Nicki Minaj 3, 2012.jpg|[[Nicki Minaj]] File:Flo_Rida_(6924266548).jpg|[[Flo Rida]] File:ShaniaTwainJunoAwardsMar2011.jpg|[[Shania Twain]] File:P!nk Live 2013.jpg|[[Pink (singer)|Pink]] File:Justin Timberlake by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|[[Justin Timberlake]] File:Van Halen 2008 (crop).jpg|[[Van Halen]] File:Ayumi Hamasaki 2007.jpg|[[Ayumi Hamasaki]] </gallery> <!--When adding to this page, please ensure that your claims are sourced. This means that you must provide the location of the claim. All sources must be published by third party reliable sources. It cannot be pages in Wikipedia or forums on web pages nor can they be Artists' official sites. Unsourced additions will be removed immediately--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Artist ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Country / Market ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Period active ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Genre ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"| [[Music recording sales certification|Total certified units]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Claimed sales |- ! scope="row" | [[Shania Twain]] | Canada | 1993–present<ref name="Allmusic: Shania Twain (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/shania-twain-mn0000161808/biography|title=Allmusic: Shania Twain (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1993<ref name="Allmusic: Shania Twain (Biography)"/> | [[Country pop]]<ref name="Allmusic: Shania Twain (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|77.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 77.4 million'''| * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 54.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 300,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 1.750 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 7.695 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 975,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 6.880 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 2.360 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 475,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 540,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 100,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 330,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 210,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 310,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 120,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 115,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 402,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/dont-impress-much-shania-twain-reveals-brad-pitts-naked-body/|title='That don't impress me much': Shania Twain reveals Brad Pitt's naked body inspired lyrics|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Harriet|last=Alexander|date=August 25, 2017|accessdate=August 30, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Pink (singer)|Pink]] | United States | 1995–present<ref name="Allmusic: Pink (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p%21nk-mn0001878899/biography|title=Allmusic: Pink (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Steve|last=Huey|accessdate=January 6, 2018}}</ref> | 2000<ref name="Allmusic: Pink (Biography)"/> | Pop, Pop rock, R&B<ref name="Allmusic: Pink (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|73.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 73.1 million'''| * US: 32.225 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 400,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 5.825 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 15.365 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.198 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 4.330 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 9.975 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 215,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 425,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SWE: 530,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 635,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * DEN: 336,500<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * MEX: 390,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/> * BEL: 235,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 417,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 150,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 517,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://6abc.com/entertainment/pink-is-getting-star-on-hollywood-walk-of-fame/5111031/|title=Pink is getting star on Hollywood Walk of Fame|first=Matt|last=O'Donnell|work=[[WPVI-TV]]|date=January 29, 2019|accessdate=January 29, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Carpenters]] | United States | 1969–1983<ref name="Allmusic: Carpenters (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/carpenters-mn0000051909/biography|title=Allmusic: Carpenters (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Carpenters (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Carpenters (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|46.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 46.1 million'''| * US: 34.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certification for July 2010"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w100820.html|title=RIAJ: Gold and Platinum database (June 2009)|work=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915104730/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w100820.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * GER: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.010 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 275,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/karen-carpenter-and-the-mystery-of-the-missing-album/|title=Karen Carpenter and the mystery of the missing album|first=Neil|last=McCormick|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=February 4, 2016|accessdate=November 28, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Lionel Richie]] | United States | 1968–present<ref name="Allmusic: Lionel Richie (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lionel-richie-mn0000243474/biography|title=Allmusic: Lionel Richie (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1981<ref name="Allmusic: Lionel Richie (Biography)"/> | Pop / R&B<ref name="Allmusic: Lionel Richie (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|41}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 41 million'''| * US: 28.650 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1.050 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 6.755 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.4 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.380 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 260,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2377|title=ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (05/05/2014)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=September 6, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907142933/https://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/2377|archivedate=September 7, 2014}}</ref> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 180,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 150,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * SWI: 145,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/190331/magazine/music-news-342561.html|title=New role for Lionel Ritchie with Prince’s Trust|first=Miles|last=Brohier|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times of Sri Lanka]]|date=March 31, 2019|accessdate=March 31, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] | United States | 1969–present<ref name="Allmusic: Earth, Wind & Fire (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/earth-wind-fire-mn0000135273/biography|title=Allmusic: Earth, Wind & Fire (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Steve|last=Huey|accessdate=October 3, 2014}}</ref> | 1971<ref name="Allmusic: Earth, Wind & Fire (Biography)"/> | Funk / R&B / Soul<ref name="Allmusic: Earth, Wind & Fire (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|36.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 36.4 million'''| * US: 31.8 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w110620.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (May 2011)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915123442/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w110620.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w130520.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (April 2013)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810025511/http://riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w130520.html|archivedate=August 10, 2013}}</ref> * UK: 3,085 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 500,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 360,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * NLD: 250,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-maurice-white-dead-20160204-column.html|title=Earth, Wind & Fire founder Maurice White dead at 74|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|first=Greg|last=Kot|date=February 4, 2016|accessdate=October 3, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Johnny Cash]] | United States | 1954–2003<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Cash (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/johnny-cash-mn0000816890/biography|title=Allmusic: Johnny Cash (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> | 1956<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Cash (Biography)"/> | Country / Rock and roll / Gospel<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Cash (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|31.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 31.1 million'''| * US: 25.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 550,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 3.910 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 490,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 522,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|90 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25725837|title=More Johnny Cash material will be released says son|work=[[BBC News]]|first=Rebecca|last=Jones|date=January 14, 2014|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Justin Timberlake]] | United States | 1992–present<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Timberlake (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/justin-timberlake-mn0000312890/biography|title=Allmusic: Justin Timberlake (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref> | 2002<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Timberlake (Biography)"/> | Pop, R&B, [[Neo soul]]<ref name="Allmusic: Justin Timberlake (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|68.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 68.4 million'''| * US: 43.2 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 3.050 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 13.380 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 678,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 2.720 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.520 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 105,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 395,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 120,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 210,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 575,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/> * SWI: 250,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 450,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> Five More Hours * BEL: 300,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * POL: 190,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 185,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|88 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/local-arts/from-teen-idol-to-prince-of-pop-5-things-to-love-about-justin-timberlake-as-he-hits-ottawa|title=Concert preview: From teen idol to Prince of Pop: 5 things to love about Justin Timberlake|work=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|first=Lynn|last=Saxberg|date=October 5, 2018|accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Nicki Minaj]] | United States | 2008–present<ref name="Allmusic: Nicki Minaj (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nicki-minaj-mn0001013175/biography|title=Allmusic: Nicki Minaj (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=David|last=Jeffries|accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> | 2010<ref name="Allmusic: Nicki Minaj (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop, Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Nicki Minaj (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|97.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 97.9 million'''| * US: 76.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 450,000<ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 1.150 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.360 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 566,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1,880 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.780 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 310,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 510,000<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 220,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * SWE: 420,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 250,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 120,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 150,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2017"/> * NZ: 247,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|85 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/139266-stevie-wonder-mariah-carey-others-to-perform-at-bet-awards.html|title=Stevie Wonder, Mariah Carey, others to perform at BET Awards|first=Micheal|last=Abimboye|work=[[Premium Times]]|date=June 21, 2013|accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[R.E.M.]] | United States | 1980–2011<ref name="Allmusic: R.E.M. (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rem-mn0000325459/biography|title=Allmusic: R.E.M. (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1983<ref name="Allmusic: R.E.M. (Biography)"/> | Alternative rock<ref name="Allmusic: R.E.M. (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|43.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 43.3 million'''| * US: 21.650 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 4.275 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.765 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.450 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.650 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.030{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 100,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 225,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 1.1 million<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 500,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 155,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 158,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 185,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 127,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 105,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> |style="text-align:center;"|85 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/best-rem-songs1/|title=10 of the best R.E.M songs|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Lowenna|last=Waters|date=October 12, 2017|accessdate=May 18, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Flo Rida]] | United States | 2007–present<ref name="Allmusic: Flo Rida (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/flo-rida-mn0000921924/biography|title=Allmusic: Flo Rida (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andy|last=Kellman|accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref> | 2007<ref name="Allmusic: Flo Rida (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop, [[Hip house]], [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]<ref name="Allmusic: Flo Rida (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|77.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 77.8 million'''| * US: 55.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 650,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 3.9 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.160 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 225,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 3.090 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.605 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * ITA: 360,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 140,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 780,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 420,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * DEN: 205,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * MEX: 330,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * AUT: 195,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 247,500<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/life/entertainment/story/2018/mar/09/flo-rida-dustlynch-bret-michaels-wallflowers/465410/|title=Flo Rida, Dustin Lynch, Bret Michaels, Wallflowers complete Riverbend lineup|work=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]]|first=Barry|last=Courter|date=March 9, 2018|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Van Halen]] | United States | 1978–present<ref name="Allmusic: Van Halen (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/van-halen-mn0000260206/biography|title=Allmusic: Van Halen (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1978<ref name="Allmusic: Van Halen (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / Heavy metal<ref name="Allmusic: Van Halen (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|64.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 64.7 million'''| * US: 57.8 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.3 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ: Digital Certifications (January 2014)"/> * GER: 1.5 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 940,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 400,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/> * CAN: 2.450 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * BRA: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 200,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6465504/van-halen-first-live-album-david-lee-roth|title=Van Halen to Release First Concert Album With David Lee Roth|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|first=Stacey|last=Anderson|date=February 7, 2015|accessdate=February 11, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Ayumi Hamasaki]] | Japan | 1998–present<ref name="Allmusic: Ayumi Hamasaki (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ayumi-hamasaki-mn0000758915/biography|title=Allmusic: Ayumi Hamasaki (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Alexey|last=Eremenko|accessdate=January 28, 2017}}</ref> | 1998<ref name="Allmusic: Ayumi Hamasaki (Biography)"/> | [[J-pop]] / Pop / dance / electronic<ref name="Allmusic: Ayumi Hamasaki (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|64.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 64.3 million'''| * JPN: 64.3 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/><ref name="Japan's 1 Million Seller Database"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2015631/full/|title=【オリコン】浜崎あゆみ、ソロ初の総売上5000万枚超え「ファンのみんなの記録」 [First solo artist with over 50 million in sales]|work=[[Oricon]]|date=August 8, 2012|accessdate=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/pressrelease/98448/|title=15年間ありがとう！「ケータイランキング」発表！アーティスト1位はEXILE、楽曲はGReeeeN「キセキ」～レコチョクのケータイ向け「着うた（R）」「着うたフル（R）」サービス12/15終了|work=[[Oricon]]|date=December 13, 2016|accessdate=January 28, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] | United States | 1983–present<ref name="Allmusic: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/red-hot-chili-peppers-mn0000883318/biography|title=Allmusic: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Greg|last=Prato|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1987<ref name="Allmusic: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Biography)"/> | [[Funk rock]] / Alternative rock<ref name="Allmusic: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|60.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 60.8 million'''| * US: 32.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 2.6 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 3.050 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 11.695 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.420 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.020 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.625 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1993/singles-chart|title=1993 ARIA Singles Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * BRA: 515,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 660,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 635,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 640,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 390,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 405,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * DEN: 227,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/> * BEL: 195,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * ARG: 406,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * AUT: 247,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 245,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat&nbsp;– IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 171,951<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * NZ: 285,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-18/red-hot-chili-peppers-bassist-flea-entertains-crowd-in-hobart/10820776|title=Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea entertains crowd in Hobart during band's sound problems|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News of Australia]]|first=Siobhan|last=Galea|date=February 19, 2019|accessdate=February 19, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]] | United States<br />United Kingdom | 1976–present<ref name="Allmusic: Foreigner (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/foreigner-mn0000987621/biography|title=Allmusic: Foreigner (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Greg|last=Prato|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1977<ref name="Allmusic: Foreigner (Biography)"/> | Rock / Hard Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Foreigner (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|49.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 49.3 million'''| * US: 45.1 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1.5 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 1.3 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 400,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 700,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 105,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 150,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SWI: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/bands-keep-on-rocking-without-key-members-but-is-it-still-the-same/article38282738/|title=Bands keep on rocking without key members. But is it still the same?|first=Brad|last=Wheeler|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=March 13, 2018|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[George Michael]] | United Kingdom | 1981–2016<ref name="Allmusic: George Michael (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/george-michael-mn0000545074/biography|title=Allmusic: George Michael (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Deming|first=Mark|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1984<ref name="Allmusic: George Michael (Biography)"/> | Pop<ref name="Allmusic: George Michael (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|49.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 49.9 million'''| * US: 20.8 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 2.4 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 14.750 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.217 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 1.870 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.205 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 350,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.140 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 850,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 310,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 400,000<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=20&y=2004&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (UGE 20-2004|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=January 18, 2017}}</ref> * SWI: 335,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 118,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 315,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 340,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 140,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wcvb.com/article/freedom-singer-george-michael-d-at-53/8535920|title='Freedom' singer and ex-Wham! member George Michael died from heart failure, says manager|first=Abigail|last=Elise|work=[[WCVB-TV]]|date=December 25, 2016|accessdate=December 25, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Doors]] | United States | 1965–1973<ref name="Allmusic: The Doors (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-doors-mn0000114342/biography|title=Allmusic: The Doors (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1967<ref name="Allmusic: The Doors (Biography)"/> | [[Psychedelic rock]]<ref name="Allmusic: The Doors (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|48.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 48.2 million'''| * US: 37.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1.750 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 2.240 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 1.9 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.780 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.022 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * ITA: 155,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWI: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * AUT: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2010/04/01/ray-manzarek-discusses-new-doors-documentary-film/|work=[[The Mercury News]]|title=Ray Manzarek discusses new Doors documentary film|first=Jim|last=Harrington|date=April 1, 2010|accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Meat Loaf]] | United States | 1968–present<ref name="Allmusic: Meat Loaf (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/meat-loaf-mn0000339624/biography|title=Allmusic: Meat Loaf (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Jason|last=Ankeny|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1977<ref name="Allmusic: Meat Loaf (Biography)"/> | Rock / Hard rock<ref name="Allmusic: Meat Loaf (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|45.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 45.1 million'''| * US: 25.6 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 2.350 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 10.565 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 3.380 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.522 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * NLD: 425,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SWE: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 115,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * AUT: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Reports-Meat-Loaf-collapses-onstage-in-Canada-8283211.php|title=Meat Loaf collapses onstage in Canada|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|first=Matt|last=Wyatt|date=June 17, 2016|accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Reba McEntire]] | United States | 1975–present<ref name="Allmusic: Reba McEntire (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/reba-mcentire-mn0000409968/biography|title=Allmusic: Reba McEntire (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=William|last=Ruhlmann|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1987<ref name="Allmusic: Reba McEntire (Biography)"/> | Country / Country Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Reba McEntire (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|42.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 42.7 million'''| * US: 41.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * CAN: 850,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/music/three-decades-after-her-first-hit-reba-mcentire-now-60-is-poised-for-a-comeback|title=Three decades after her first hit, Reba McEntire — now 60 — is poised for a comeback|first=Sarah|last=Boesveld|date=April 13, 2015|work=[[National Post]]|accessdate=July 25, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Tom Petty]] | United States | 1976–2017<ref name="Allmusic: Tom Petty (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/tom-petty-mn0000612716/biography|title=Allmusic: Tom Petty (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1977<ref name="Allmusic: Tom Petty (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Tom Petty (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|34.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 34.7 million'''| * US: 31.250 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 500,000<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 1.060 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 1.7 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * SWE: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-03/tom-petty-dies-key-moments-in-40-year-career/9011182|title=Tom Petty: Highlights from four decades in rock'n'roll|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News of Australia]]|date=October 3, 2017|accessdate=October 5, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Johnny Hallyday]] | France | 1957–2017<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Hallyday (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/johnny-hallyday-mn0000255733/biography|title=Allmusic: Johnny Hallyday (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Huey|first=Steve|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1960<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Hallyday (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Johnny Hallyday (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|27.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 27.9 million'''| * FRA: 27.147 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/><ref name="Certifications Albums – Année 2013"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Certifications_Vid%C3%A9o_2013.pdf|title=Certifications Vidéos – Année 2013|work=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|accessdate=March 3, 2014}}</ref> * SWI: 268,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 540,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|80 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7717349/johnny-hallyday-battling-cancer|title=Legendary French Singer Johnny Hallyday Is Being Treated for Cancer|first=Lars|last=Brandle|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=March 8, 2017|accessdate=March 18, 2017}}</ref> |} === 7.5 കോടിയ്ക്കും കോടിയ്ക്കും 7.9 ഇടയിൽ === <!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE IMAGES OR REPLACE THE ARTISTS. WE ARE TO HAVE SEVEN IMAGES OF THE TOP CERTIFIED ARTISTS ONLY, WITH THE ONE HAVING THE MOST CERTIFIED SALES AT THE TOP. --><gallery> File:Journey publicity photo 2013.jpg|[[Journey (band)|Journey]] File:Tim McGraw October 24 2015.jpg|[[Tim McGraw]] File:Black Eyed Peas at Walmart meeting.jpg|[[The Black Eyed Peas]] File:Usher Cannes 2016 retusche.jpg|[[Usher (singer)|Usher]] File:Christina Aguilera Sanremo.jpg|[[Christina Aguilera]] File:Robbie Williams.jpg|[[Robbie Williams]] </gallery> <!--When adding to this page, please ensure that your claims are sourced. This means that you must provide the location of the claim. All sources must be published by third party reliable sources. It cannot be pages in Wikipedia or forums on web pages nor can they be Artists' official sites. Unsourced additions will be removed immediately--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Artist ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Country / Market ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Period active ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Release-year of first charted record ! scope="col" style="width:122px;"| Genre ! scope="col" style="width:325px;"| [[Music recording sales certification|Total certified units]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording certifications|from available markets]])</small>{{efn|name=cert}} ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Claimed sales |- ! scope="row" | [[The Black Eyed Peas]] | United States | 1995–present<ref name="Allmusic: The Black Eyed Peas (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-black-eyed-peas-mn0000091983/biography|title=Allmusic: The Black Eyed Peas (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andy|last=Kellman|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1998<ref name="Allmusic: The Black Eyed Peas (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop / R&B / Dance<ref name="Allmusic: The Black Eyed Peas (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|59.4}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 59.4 million'''| * [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 31.4 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * [[Recording Industry Association of Japan|JPN]]: 1.250 million<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|GER]]: 3.3 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: 11.4 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 2.650 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * [[Music Canada|CAN]]: 2.7 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|AUS]]: 3.270 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * [[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|BRA]]: 255,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * [[NVPI|NLD]]: 160,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * [[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|ITA]]: 365,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * [[Productores de Música de España|SPA]]: 460,000<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWE]]: 300,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * [[IFPI Denmark|DEN]]: 166,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Certificeringer marts – maj 2010"/><ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|SWI]]: 460,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * [[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|MEX]]: 390,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * [[Belgian Entertainment Association|BEL]]: 460,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRE]]: 135,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * [[Recorded Music NZ|NZ]]: 340,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|76 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/the-black-eyed-peas-will-reunite-for-new-album-says-william/|title=The Black Eyed Peas will reunite for new album, says will.i.am|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 6, 2016|accessdate=June 20, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Journey (band)|Journey]] | United States | 1973–present<ref name="Allmusic: Journey (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/journey-mn0000291043/biography|title=Allmusic: Journey (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=William|last=Ruhlmann|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1975<ref name="Allmusic: Journey (Biography)"/> | Rock / Soft rock<ref name="Allmusic: Journey (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|62.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 62.7 million'''| * US: 59.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w101020.html|title=RIAJ: Digital Certifications (September 2010)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915153303/http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w101020.html|archivedate=September 15, 2013}}</ref> * UK: 2 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 725,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/13646674/watch-again-friday-s-programme|title=Watch again- Friday's programme|work=[[BBC News]] |date=June 3, 2011 |accessdate=May 8, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Tim McGraw]] | United States | 1990–present<ref name="Allmusic: Tim McGraw (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tim-mcgraw-mn0000592954/biography|title=Allmusic: Tim McGraw (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Steve|last=Huey|accessdate=June 9, 2018}}</ref> | 1994<ref name="Allmusic: Tim McGraw (Biography)"/> | Country<ref name="Allmusic: Tim McGraw (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|61.8}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 61.8 million'''| * US: 60.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 200,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 1.535 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-songs-tim-mcgraw-20181209-story.html|title=Tim McGraw didn't imagine himself writing a song for the mountain climbing film 'Free Solo' — until he saw it|first=Michael|last=Ordona|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 6, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Usher (singer)|Usher]] | United States | 1991–present<ref name="Allmusic: Usher (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/usher-mn0000303506/biography|title=Allmusic: Usher (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Lynda|last=Lane|accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> | 1994<ref name="Allmusic: Usher (Biography)"/> | R&B / Pop<ref name="Allmusic: Usher (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|58.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 58.9 million'''| * US: 41.435 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 750,000 <ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 1.150<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.325 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 210,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.730 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 3.837 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * SWE: 105,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 137,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 170,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * NZ: 150,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/taking-on-a-boxing-icon|title=R&B star Usher toughens up to play boxer Sugar Ray Leonard in Hands Of Stone|first=Alison|last=de Souza|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=August 24, 2016|accessdate=August 25, 2017|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803065941/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/taking-on-a-boxing-icon|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Christina Aguilera]] | United States | 1993–present<ref name="Allmusic: Christina Aguilera (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/christina-aguilera-mn0000780258/biography|title=Allmusic: Christina Aguilera (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=September 24, 2018}}</ref> | 1999<ref name="Allmusic: Christina Aguilera (Biography)"/> | R&B / Pop / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Christina Aguilera (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|58.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 58.2 million'''| * US: 37.7 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 600,000<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/><ref name="RIAJ Digital certifications"/> * GER: 2.075 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.470 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 575,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.940 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.620 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 100,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 170,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 175,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 310,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 500,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 220,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/> * SWI: 225,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 885,000<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * [[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|ARG]]: 100,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 240,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|AUT]]: 140,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 195,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/christina-aguilera-announces-wembley-arena-15916697|title=Christina Aguilera announces Wembley Arena show on UK tour and here's how to get tickets|first=Jonathan|last=Yates|work=[[Surrey Advertiser]]|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=March 4, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[R. Kelly]] | United States | 1989–present<ref name="Allmusic: R. Kelly (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/r-kelly-mn0000319347/biography|title=Allmusic: R. Kelly (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref> | 1991<ref name="Allmusic: R. Kelly (Biography)"/> | R&B / Soul / Hip-hop<ref name="Allmusic: R. Kelly (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|55.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 55.9 million'''| * US: 46.9 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 1.4 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 5.620 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 825,000<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 300,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 140,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 365,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SWI: 100,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 275,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/r-kelly-interview-full-coverage-of-the-gayle-king-interview-with-r-kelly-on-cbs-2019-03-08/|title=The Gayle King Interview with R. Kelly|first=Gayle|last=King|work=[[CBS News]]|date=March 9, 2019|accessdate=March 9, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Robbie Williams]] | United Kingdom | 1990–present<ref name="Allmusic: Robbie Williams (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/robbie-williams-mn0000227697/biography|title=Allmusic: Robbie Williams (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=January 27, 2015}}</ref> | 1996<ref name="Allmusic: Robbie Williams (Biography)"/> | Pop rock<ref name="Allmusic: Robbie Williams (Biography)"/> |<small>{{ntsh|54}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 54 million'''| * US: 500,000<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 10.275 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 28.750 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.695 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 250,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.905 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 1.205 million<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 385,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 440,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 445,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 676,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/><ref name="Forårets guld- og platincertificeringer"/> * SWI: 998,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 1.595 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 462,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 600,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 917,500<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * [[Polish Music Charts|POL]]: 140,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * [[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland|FIN]]: 235,743<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/> * IRE: 135,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Irish certification-database"/> * NZ: 445,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hidden-success-robbie-williams-ahead-heavy-entertainment-show-album-release-1583342|title=The hidden success of Robbie Williams ahead of Heavy Entertainment Show album release|first=Alicia|last=Adejobi|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=September 26, 2016|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Shakira]] | [[Colombia]] | 1988–present<ref name="Allmusic: Shakira (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/shakira-mn0000790797/biography|title=Allmusic: Shakira (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Steve|last=Huey|accessdate=January 26, 2019}}</ref> | 1995<ref name="Allmusic: Shakira (Biography)"/> | Latin pop / Pop/ Pop rock<ref name="Allmusic: Shakira (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|52.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 52.3 million'''| * US: 23.520 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 4.750 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 4.9 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.902 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 980,000 <ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.5 million<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 460,000<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 380,000 <ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 845,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 3.380 million<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 690,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/><ref name="Sverige Toplistan: Sök"/> * DEN: 225,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Hitlisten.nu"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/><ref name="Guld og platin november/december/januar"/> * SWI: 815,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 4.165 million<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/><ref name="AMPROFON: Certificaciones 2019 (Facebook)"/> * ARG: 716,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 470,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 355,000<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 215,000<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * FIN: 123,950<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.houstonpress.com/music/women-who-should-be-in-the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-11274035|title=Women Who Should Be In The Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame - Shakira|work=[[Houston Press]]|date=April 10, 2019|first=Matthew|last=Keever|accessdate=April 10, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kenny G]] | United States | 1982–present<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny G (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-g-mn0000068934/biography|title=Allmusic: Kenny G (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Scott|last=Yanow|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1984<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny G (Biography)"/> | [[Smooth jazz]]<ref name="Allmusic: Kenny G (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|52.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 52.1 million'''| * US: 48.1 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 700,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * UK: 360,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 950,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 245,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="1993 ARIA Album Chart"/> * BRA: 1.350 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * SPA: 450,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sacbee.com/entertainment/casino/article139871823.html|title=How would you define his music? Kenny G simply says it’s jazz.|first=Mel|last=Shields|work=[[The Sacramento Bee]]|date=March 23, 2017|accessdate=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Tupac Shakur]] | United States | 1991–1996<ref name="Allmusic: 2 Pac (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/2pac-mn0000921895/biography|title=Allmusic: 2 Pac (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephan|last=Erlewine|accessdate=July 9, 2017}}</ref> | 1991<ref name="Allmusic: 2 Pac (Biography)"/> | Hip-hop<ref name="Allmusic: 2 Pac (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|52.1}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 52.19 million'''| * US: 46.2 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * GER: 650,000<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 4.095 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 820,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 430,000<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1996/singles-chart|title=1996 ARIA Singles Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40525347|title=Tupac blamed race in Madonna breakup letter|work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 6, 2017|accessdate=July 9, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Enya]] | Ireland | 1982–present<ref name="Allmusic: Enya (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/enya-mn0000988471/biography|title=Allmusic: Enya (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1987<ref name="Allmusic: Enya (Biography)"/> | [[New-age music|New-age]] / [[Celtic music|Celtic]]<ref name="Allmusic: Enya (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|51.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 51.2 million'''| * US: 26.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 4.6 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.3 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 5.550 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 775,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.540 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.505{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="Australia's pre 1997 certifications"/> * BRA: 1.650 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 730,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 1.760 million<ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 390,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 01-2001)"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=3&y=2001&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 03-2001)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=2&y=2010&list=a40|title=Hitlisten.nu: Album Top-40 (Uge 02-2010)|work=[[Tracklisten]]|publisher=Hitlisten.nu|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fpladebranchen08-offentligg%C3%B8res-i-dag|title=Pladebranchen.08 offentliggøres i dag|work=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=August 27, 2009|accessdate=November 29, 2019|archive-date=2018-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616203942/http://ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fpladebranchen08-offentligg%C3%B8res-i-dag|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> * SWI: 370,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 390,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/> * BEL: 510,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 185,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 135,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34614590|title=Enya says tour would be 'very possible'|work=[[BBC News]]|date=October 23, 2015|first=Mark|last=Savage|accessdate=October 27, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Alabama (American band)|Alabama]] | United States | 1972–present<ref name="Allmusic: Alabama (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/alabama-mn0000936206/biography|title=Allmusic: Alabama (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1980<ref name="Allmusic: Alabama (Biography)"/> | Country / Pop rock<ref name="Allmusic: Alabama (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|48}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 48 million'''| * US: 46.8 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.2 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-music-alabama/alabama-country-music-star-jeff-cook-suffering-from-parkinsons-idUSKBN17D2MT|title=Alabama country music star Jeff Cook suffering from Parkinson's|work=[[Reuters]]|date=April 12, 2017|first=Jill|last=Serjeant|accessdate=December 17, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] | United States | 1987–1994<ref name="Allmusic: Nirvana (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nirvana-mn0000357406/biography|title=Allmusic: Nirvana (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1990<ref name="Allmusic: Nirvana (Biography)"/> | [[Grunge]] / Alternative rock<ref name="Allmusic: Nirvana (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|47.9}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 47.9 million'''| * US: 26.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 1.3 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.5 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 6.870 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 2.5 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 2.970 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 1.362{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref name="ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (07/10/2013)"/><ref name="1996 ARIA Album Chart"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20111030-0001/Issue1132.pdf|title=The ARIA Report: 7th November 2011 (Issue No.1132)|work=ARIA|accessdate=January 29, 2013|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416142043/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20111030-0001/Issue1132.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/1992/singles-chart|title=1992 ARIA Singles Chart|work=ARIA|accessdate=February 24, 2018}}</ref> * BRA: 725,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 250,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 600,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 450,000<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish Certifications"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/> * SWE: 380,000<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 205,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/> * SWI: 190,000<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * MEX: 475,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 522,000<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 375,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 230,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * POL: 345,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Polish Certifications"/> * NZ: 215,000<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25413509|title=Nirvana to be elevated to Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|work=[[BBC News]]|date=December 17, 2013|accessdate=July 30, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bryan Adams]] | Canada | 1979–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bryan Adams (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ryan-adams-mn0000808336/biography|title=Allmusic: Bryan Adams (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1979<ref name="Allmusic: Bryan Adams (Biography)"/> | Rock<ref name="Allmusic: Bryan Adams (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|47.3}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 47.3 million'''| * US: 22 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 650,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 4.350 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.135 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 650,000<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 5.120 million<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 2.010 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mediafire.com/download/edszgdzat36pl66/Australian+certifications+for+Bryan+Adams.pdf|title=Australian certifications for Bryan Adams|format=PDF|work=ARIA|accessdate=June 13, 2016}}</ref> * BRA: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 500,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * SPA: 450,000 {{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 440,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * DEN: 170,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="IFPI Denmark: Certificeringer"/><ref name="Guld og platin i august"/> * SWI: 805,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * BEL: 375,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1997-2003"/><ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * FIN: 183,444<ref name="Finnish Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-ae-pretty-woman-premiere-0311-story.html|title=An exclusive behind the scenes look at the 'Pretty Woman' musical, coming to Chicago|first=Chris|last=Jones|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 9, 2018|accessdate=March 21, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bob Seger]] | United States | 1961–present<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Seger (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bob-seger-mn0000072041/biography|title=Allmusic: Bob Seger (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=October 7, 2018}}</ref> | 1969<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Seger (Biography)"/> | Rock / Pop rock / Rock and Roll<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Seger (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|47.2}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 47.2 million'''| * US: 44.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 2.560 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/bob-seger-s-final-concert-tour-coming-to-columbus-in-2019/1457103295|title=Bob Seger's final concert tour coming to Columbus in 2019|first=NBC4|last=Staff|work=[[WCMH-TV]]|date=September 18, 2018|accessdate=October 7, 2018|archive-date=2019-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425080057/https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/bob-seger-s-final-concert-tour-coming-to-columbus-in-2019/1457103295|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bob Marley]] | [[Jamaica]] | 1962–1981<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Marley (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bob-marley-mn0000071514/biography|title=Allmusic: Bob Marley (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Jason|last=Ankeny|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1975<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Marley (Biography)"/> | [[Reggae]]<ref name="Allmusic: Bob Marley (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|42}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 42 million'''| * US: 21.850 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.750 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 9.740 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 4.735 million<ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 600,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 350,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-albums-2004.htm|title=ARIA: ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2004 Albums|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/1169|title=ARIA: ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart (20/05/2013)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=July 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222162418/http://ariacharts.com.au/chart/catalogue-albums/1169|archivedate=February 22, 2014|df=}}</ref> * NLD: 420,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 325,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 450,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1996-1999"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 2000-2002"/> * SWE: 120,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swedish Certifications"/> * SWI: 303,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Swiss Certifications"/> * ARG: 376,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 225,000<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/> * AUT: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Austrian Certifications"/> * NZ: 432,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="New Zealand's Certifications"/><ref name="Radioscope New Zealand's certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6561234/music-and-marketing-genius-of-bob-marley-34-years-after-his-passing|title=The Music and Marketing Genius of Bob Marley, 34 Years After His Passing|first=Patricia|last=Meschino|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=May 11, 2015|accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[The Police]] | United Kingdom | 1977–1986<br>2007–2008<ref name="Allmusic: The Police (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-police-mn0000413524/biography|title=Allmusic: The Police (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Stephen|last=Erlewine|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref> | 1978<ref name="Allmusic: The Police (Biography)"/> | Pop / Rock<ref name="Allmusic: The Police (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|39.6}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 39.6 million'''| * US: 23.150 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * JPN: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="RIAJ certifications"/> * GER: 1.775 million<ref name="BVMI Certifications"/> * UK: 8.760 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 3.340 million<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/><ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (singles)"/> * CAN: 875,000<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * AUS: 407,500{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * BRA: 140,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="PMB Certifications"/> * NLD: 250,000<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ITA: 125,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="FIMI Certifications"/> * SPA: 300,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Spanish certifications 1991-1995"/><ref name="Spanish certifications 1979-1990"/> * MEX: 100,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="AMPROFON Certifications"/> * ARG: 228,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/><ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums and DVDs"/> * BEL: 115,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Belgian Certifications 1995-present"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/interview-sting-on-bringing-his-debut-musical-to-scotland-1-4744945|title=Interview: Sting on bringing his debut musical to Scotland|first=Janet|last=Christie|work=[[The Scotsman]]|date=May 26, 2018|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Barry Manilow]] | United States | 1973–present<ref name="Allmusic: Barry Manilow (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/barry-manilow-mn0000018977/biography|title=Allmusic: Barry Manilow (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Steve|last=Huey|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> | 1973<ref name="Allmusic: Barry Manilow (Biography)"/> | Pop / Soft rock<ref name="Allmusic: Barry Manilow (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|36.5}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 36.5 million'''|* US: 33.3 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 2.825 million<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * CAN: 400,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-21193841|title=Barry Manilow Broadway comeback hit by bronchitis|work=[[BBC News]]|date=January 25, 2013|accessdate=August 4, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] | United States | 1972–present<ref name="Allmusic: Kiss (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kiss-mn0000084209/biography|title=Allmusic: Kiss (Biography)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen|accessdate=August 26, 2013}}</ref> | 1974<ref name="Allmusic: Kiss (Biography)"/> | Hard rock / Heavy metal<ref name="Allmusic: Kiss (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|28}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 28 million'''| * US: 26 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * CAN: 1.495 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/> * UK: 100,000<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * AUS: 130,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Australian Certifications"/> * NLD: 200,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="NVPI: Goud/Platina"/> * ARG: 112,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Argentina's Certifications for albums"/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/sep/22/rooted-in-enjoyment-20170922/|title=Rooted In Enjoyment|first=Becca|last=Martin-Brown|work=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]|date=September 22, 2017|accessdate=May 11, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Aretha Franklin]] | United States | 1956–2018<ref name="Allmusic: Aretha Franklin (Biography)">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/aretha-franklin-mn0000927555/biography|title=Allmusic: Aretha Franklin (Overview)|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> | 1961<ref name="Allmusic: Aretha Franklin (Biography)"/> | Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B<ref name="Allmusic: Aretha Franklin (Biography)"/> | <small>{{ntsh|25.7}} {{hidden|<br />'''Total available certified units: 25.7 million'''| * US: 23.5 million<ref name="RIAA Certifications"/> * UK: 1.840 million{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="BPI certifications"/> * FRA: 275,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="InfoDisc Les Certifications depuis 1973 (albums)"/><ref name="SNEP Certifications"/> * CAN: 150,000{{efn|name=cert}}<ref name="Music Canada Certifications"/><br/>}}</small> | style="text-align:center;"|75 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aretha-franklin-will-what-happens-718930/|title=Aretha Franklin’s Estate Is Worth $80 Million. What Happens Now?|first=Amy|last=Wang|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=September 5, 2018|accessdate=September 5, 2018}}</ref> |- |} == See also == * [[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിറ്റഴിക്കപ്പെട്ട ആൽബങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക]] * List of best-selling singles * List of best-selling girl groups * List of highest-certified music artists in the United States == അവലംബം == ==കുറിപ്പുകൾ== {{notelist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജനപ്രിയ സംഗീതം]] nxmmk3mf3dfuj87s9wjspac6xvlfvk2 0 379915 4644221 3923453 2026-07-07T14:32:08Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area|name=ലൊവാങ്കോ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം|iucn_category=II|photo=|photo_caption=|location=[[Gabon]]|nearest_city=|map=Gabon|relief=1|coords={{coord|2|10|S|9|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|area_km2=1,550|established=2002|visitation_num=|visitation_year=|governing_body=[[National Agency for National Parks]]}}'''ലൊവാങ്കോ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം''', പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ [[ഗാബോൺ|ഗാബോണിലെ]] ഒരു ദേശീയോദ്യാനമാണ്. ഏകദേശം 220 ചതുരശ്ര കിലോമീറ്റർ വലിപ്പമുള്ള ഇത് ഇഗ്വേല ലഗൂണിന്റെ ഒരു ഭാഗം ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള  വൈവിദ്ധ്യമാർന്ന തീരപ്രദേശ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ സംരക്ഷണം നിർവ്വഹിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു ദേശീയോദ്യാനത്തിനുളളിൽ സംരക്ഷിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ലക്ഷണമൊത്ത പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ആഫ്രിക്കൻ ലഗൂൺ സംവിധാനത്തിന്റെ ഒരേയൊരു സവിശേഷ ഉദാഹരണമാണിത്. നകോമി, ൻഡോഗോ ലാഗോണുകൾക്കിടയിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ലോവാങ്കോ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം ആഫ്രിക്കയുടെ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ തീരത്തെ യഥാർത്ഥ അലങ്കാരമായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. == ചിത്രശാല == <gallery> Image:Gabon Loango National Park Elephant with GPS tracker fitted.jpeg|ലോവാംഗോ ദേശീയോദ്യാനത്തിൽ ജിപിഎസ് കോളർ ഘടിപ്പിച്ച ആന. Image:Gabon Loango National Park Elephant with offspring.jpeg|കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളുമായി മേയുന്ന ആന. Image:Gabon Loango National Park Southern Camping Ground bar with a view.jpeg|Southern Park Camp Site bar with a view Image:Gabon Loango National Park Wild Buffalo Single.jpeg|Single Wild Buffalo within the park roaming </gallery> [[File:Gabon_Loango_National_Park_Southern_Camping_Ground_Panoramic.jpeg|കണ്ണി=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gabon_Loango_National_Park_Southern_Camping_Ground_Panoramic.jpeg|ഇടത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|Southern Park Camping Ground looking towards Ocean]] [[File:Gabon_Loango_National_Park_View_of_Lodge_from_water.jpeg|കണ്ണി=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gabon_Loango_National_Park_View_of_Lodge_from_water.jpeg|ഇടത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|View of lodge from water]] == അവലംബം == [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗാബണിലെ ദേശീയോദ്യാനങ്ങൾ]] kvtl4kos0v7zjiznrmlk1u5lez1xwqe 0 385319 4644279 3627312 2026-07-07T23:52:20Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = ഓൾ സെയിന്റ്സ് സർവകലാശാല ലഗൊ (ASUL) |image = All Saints University Lango logo.jpg |motto = "പാണ്ഡിത്യത്തിലെ മികവിനായി പരിശ്രമിക്കുന്നു." |established = 2008 |type = സ്വകാര്യം |vice_chancellor = |chancellor =ജോൺ ചാൾസ് ഒഡുർ-കമി'<ref name="Ekong">{{cite web | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/654153-all-saints-university-vc-ekong-dead.html | title=All Saints University Vice Chancellor Ekong Dead | date=2 April 2014 | accessdate=1 February 2015 | last=Odongo | first=Bonny | newspaper=[[New Vision]] (Kampala) | archive-date=2015-02-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211123/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/654153-all-saints-university-vc-ekong-dead.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |city =ലിറ,ഉഗാണ്ട |country = [[ഉഗാണ്ട]] |students = 300+ (2010) |staff = 26+ (2010) |campus പട്ടണ പ്രദേശം |website = [http://www.asul.ac.ug/ Homepage] }} ഓൾ സെയിന്റ്സ് സർവകലാശാല യുടെ മുഴുവൻ പേര് '''ഓൾ സെയിന്റ്സ് സർവകലാശാല ലഗൊ (ASUL),''' എന്നാണ്. ഇത് ഉഗാണ്ട ഉന്നത വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ദേശീയ കൗൺസിൽ (UNCHE) അംഗീകരിച്ച സ്വകാര്യ സർവകലാശാലയാണ്. ==സ്ഥാനം== ഇത് ഉഗാണ്ടയുടെ തലസ്ഥാനമായ [[കമ്പാല]]യിൽ നിന്ന് 320 കി.മീ. വടക്കായി, വടക്കൻ മേഖലയിൽ ലിറ ജില്ലയിലെ ലിറ പട്ടണത്തിന്റെ തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ ഭാഗത്ത് അഡൊക്കൊ റോഡിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു<ref>{{cite web | url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 | title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lira With Interactive Map | accessdate=1 February 2015 | publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref>സർവകലാശാലയുടെ പരിസരത്തിന്റെ നിർദ്ദേശാങ്കം 2°14'46.0"N, 32°53'59.0"E (Latitude:2.246111; Longitude:32.899722)ആണ്.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]] | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B014'46.0%22N+32%C2%B053'59.0%22E/@2.2470897,32.9003078,17z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 | title=Location of The Campus of All Saints University At Google Maps | last=Google | accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref> ==ചരിത്രം== ചർച്ച് ഓഫ് ഉഗാണ്ടയുടെ ലങൊ രൂപത 2008ൽ സ്ഥാപിച്ചതാണ് ഈ സർവകാലാശാല. സർവകളാശലയുടെ സ്ഥാപകരും ഭരണകർത്താക്കളും ക്രിസ്ത്യാനികളാണെങ്കിലും ദേശീയത, മതവിശ്വാസം, ഗോത്രം ഇവ പരിഗണിക്കാതെയാണ് പ്രവേശനം നൽകുന്നത്. അവിടെ പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വിഷയങ്ങൾ UNCHE  അംഗീകരിച്ചതാണ്. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ugandaspotlight.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/42|title=Council Certifies Courses At All Saints University|last=Okino|first=Patrick|date=3 May 2010|accessdate=1 February 2015|newspaper=[[New Vision]] (Kampala)}}</ref>  == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == {{reflist}}  == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.asul.ac.ug/ All Saints University Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731013522/http://asul.ac.ug/ |date=2017-07-31 }} 28dpve1rioo23ryljvxzx9csxoqt3wg 0 385736 4644284 3101832 2026-07-08T02:26:50Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = കലിരൊ ജില്ല | settlement_type = [[ഉഗാണ്ടയിലെ ജില്ലകൾ]] | native_name = | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = Kaliro District in Uganda.svg | map_caption = ഉഗാണ്ടയിലെ സ്ഥാനം | subdivision_type1 = രാജ്യം | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|ഉഗാണ്ട}} | subdivision_type2 = മേഖല | subdivision_name2 = കിഴക്കൻ മേഖല | subdivision_type3 = ഉപമേഖല | subdivision_name3 =ബുസൊഗ ഉപ മേഖല | seat_type = തലസ്ഥാനം | seat = [[കലിറൊ]] | leader_title = മേയർ | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = 2006 ജൂലായ് 1 | area_total_km2 = 1062.7 | area_land_km2 = 868.7 | area_water_km2 = 194 | population_as_of = 2012 ഏകദേശം | population_note = | population_total = 216500 | population_metro = | population_density_km2 = 249.2 | timezone = (EAT) | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|00|54|N|33|30|E|region:UG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 1100 | website = {{URL|http://www.kaliro.go.ug}} | footnotes = }} ഉഗാണ്ടയുടെ കിഴക്കൻ മേഹഖലയിലെ ഒരു ജില്ലയാണ്, '''കലിറൊ (Kaliro) ജില്ല'''. 2006ൽ [[കമുലി ജില്ല]]യുടെ കിഴക്കുഭാഗത്തു നിന്നും ഉൻടാക്കിയതാണ്. [[കലിറൊ]] ജില്ല ആസ്ഥാനമാണ്. == സ്ഥാനം == നകുവ തടാകത്തിനു അക്കരെ [[സെറെറെ ജില്ല]] വടക്കും [[പല്ലിസ ജില്ല]] വടക്കു കിഴക്കും [[നമുടുംബ ജില്ല]] തെക്കു കിഴക്കും [[ഇഗങ ജില്ല]] തെക്കും [[ലൂക ജില്ല]] തെക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറും, [[ബുയെൻഡെ ജില്ല]] വടക്കു പടിഞ്ഞാറും ഈ ജില്ലയുടെ അതിരിടുന്നു. കലിറൊ പട്ടണം, ഇലങയുടെ വടക്ക് ഏകദേശം 40 കി.മീ. അകലെയാണ് <ref>{{cite web|url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Iganga%20(Iganga)&toplace=Kaliro%20(Kamuli)&fromlat=0.6091667&tolat=0.8944444&fromlng=33.4686111&tolng=33.4994444|title=Road Distance Between Kaliro And Iganga With Map|publisher=Globefeed.com|accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == {{reflist}}  == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.kaliro.go.ug Kaliro District Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007192713/http://www.kaliro.go.ug/ |date=2007-10-07 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉഗാണ്ടയിലെ ജില്ലകൾ]] 54fuzha43jrxtx3wcfpphb7lbiqtko2 0 408786 4644402 4603315 2026-07-08T10:42:28Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് | image = Hayley in 2017.jpg | caption = Williams performing as part of [[Paramore]] at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[London]], 2017. | birth_name = ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|12|27}} | birth_place = മെരിഡിയൻ, മിസിസിപ്പി, യുഎസ് | occupation = {{flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * സംഗീതജ്ഞ }} | years_active = 2003–present | spouse = {{nowrap|{{marriage|[[Chad Gilbert]]|2016|2017|end=div}}}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | origin = [[Franklin, Tennessee]], U.S. | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * bass * keyboards * guitar * drums }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Collar |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/paramore-mw0002479086 |title=Review: ''Paramore''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=April 7, 2013|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[pop punk]]}}<ref name="Diva Devotee">{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.divadevotee.com/2010/11/hayley-williams.html|title=[Vocal Profile] Hayley Williams|publisher=Diva Devotee|date=August 6, 2015|accessdate=November 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|title=Hayley Williams Leads Revamped Paramore in First Show in Almost a Year|publisher=rollingstone|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151801/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/04/paramore-announce-new-album-after-laughter-share-video-for-buoyant-single-hard-times-watch/|title=Paramore announce new album, After Laughter, share video for buoyant single “Hard Times” — watch|date=April 20, 2017|publisher=|accessdate=April 23, 2017}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[power pop]]}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Ableson |first=Jon |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2008/11/paramore-talk-about-progress-of-their.html |title=Paramore talk about progress of their next record |publisher=Alter The Press! |date=August 20, 2009 |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[emo pop]]}}<ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> * [[emo]]<ref name="thefader">{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Alex|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview|title=Paramore’s Hayley Williams has been an icon of an entire generation’s angst. Now, at 28, she’s finding she has her own unrest to deal with.|publisher=thefader|date=|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Fueled by Ramen]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] }} | associated_acts = [[Paramore]] | website = {{URL|paramore.net}} }} }} '''ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ്''' (ജനനം ഡിസംബർ 27, 1988) ഒരു [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ഗായികയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും, സംഗീതജ്ഞയുമാണ്. [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന റോക്ക് ബാൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗായികയും, മുഖ്യ ഗാനരചയിതാവുമാണ് അവർ. [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ജനിച്ച വില്യംസ് തൻ്റെ പതിനാലാം വയസ്സിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ വിവാഹമോചിതരായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നീസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പിന്നീട് 2004-ൽ ജോസ് ഫാർറോ, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ജെറമി ഡേവിസ് എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന ബാൻഡ് രൂപവത്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ്, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ടെയ്ലർ യോർക്ക് എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ ബാൻഡിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഓൾ വി നോ ഈസ് ഫോളിങ് (2005), റയട്ട്! (2007), ബ്രാൻഡ് ന്യൂ ഐസ് (2009), പാരമോർ (2013), ആഫ്റ്റർ ലാഫർ (2017) എന്നിങ്ങനെ അഞ്ച് സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ബാൻഡ് പുറത്തിറക്കി.   ജെന്നിഫേർസ് ബോഡി (2009) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് വേണ്ടി "ടീനേജേർസ്" എന്ന ഗാനം റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്തു. ഒക്ടോബർ ഫാൾ, ദ് ചാരിയട്ട്, സെറ്റ് യുവർ ഗോൾസ്, ന്യൂ ഫൌണ്ടേഷൻ ഗ്ലോറി തുടങ്ങിയ കലാകാരന്മാരുമൊത്ത് നിരവധി ഗാനങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 2010 ൽ, [[ബി.ഒ.ബി|ബി.ഒ.ബിയുടെ]] "എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ്” ഗാനത്തിൽ സഹകരിച്ചു. ഈ ഗാനം യുഎസ് ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100 ൽ ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി. [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസീലൻഡിലും]] [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലും]] ഈ ഗാനം സ്ഥാനത്ത് എത്തുകയും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയ]], [[കാനഡ]], [[റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്|റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലൻഡ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പത്ത് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടം നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു . ഈ ഗാനത്തിനു തുടർച്ചയായി, “എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ് II” എന്ന ഗാനം അമേരിക്കൻ റാപ്പർ [[എമിനെം|എമിനിമുമായി]] ചേർന്ന് ബി.ഒ.ബി പുറത്തിറക്കി. ഇരുവരും പുതുക്കിയ വരികൾ പാടിയപ്പോൾ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് പാടിയ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ അതേപടി നിലനിർത്തി. ഈ ഗാനത്തിന് [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം|ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡിന്]] നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു.  == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1988 ഡിസംബർ 27 ന് മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ മെറിഡിയനിൽ ക്രിസ്റ്റി, ജോയി വില്യംസ് ദമ്പതികളുടെ മകളായി ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് ജനിച്ചു. അവർക്ക് രണ്ട് ഇളയ അർദ്ധസഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. നാഷണൽ ബാസ്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ കളിക്കാരൻ റോഡ്‌നി ഹുഡ് അവരുടെ ബാല്യകാലത്തെ അയൽക്കാരൻ ആയിരുന്നു. 2002 ൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ വിവാഹമോചനത്തിനുശേഷം, 13 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, അവർ അമ്മയോടൊപ്പം ടെന്നസിയിലെ ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ നഗരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പുതിയ സ്കൂളിൽ, ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റുകളായ ജോഷിനെയും സാക് ഫാരോയെയും കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, വോക്കൽ കോച്ച് ബ്രെറ്റ് മാനിംഗിനൊപ്പം അവർ പാഠങ്ങൾ പഠിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. സ്കൂളിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ, വില്യംസ് ദി ഫാക്ടറി എന്ന പ്രാദേശിക ഫങ്ക് കവർ ബാൻഡിനായി ശ്രമിക്കുകയും അവിടെ അവർ ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റ് ആയ ജെറമി ഡേവിസിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.  === ഫീച്ചേർഡ് സിംഗിൾസ് === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! rowspan="2" | Title ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="10" | Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Certifications<br> <small>([[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീതജ്ഞർ|sales threshold]])</small> ! rowspan="2" | Album |- style="font-size: smaller;" ! style="width: 30px;" | US ! style="width: 30px;" | AUS ! style="width: 30px;" | AUT ! style="width: 30px;" | CAN ! style="width: 30px;" | GER ! style="width: 30px;" | IRE ! style="width: 30px;" | NZ ! style="width: 30px;" | SWE ! style="width: 30px;" | SWI ! style="width: 30px;" | UK |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes"<br> <small>(B.o.</small><small>B featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=B.O.B&ti=Airplanes#search_section|title=''RIAA'' Certifications for B.o.B|access-date=July 15, 2010|publisher=''Billboard''}}</ref> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAusCalifornia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|title=ARIA Charts – Top 50 Singles Chart|access-date=June 20, 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305231011/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=March 5, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI Certified Awards Search|accessdate=September 4, 2013|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|format=insert "BoB" into the search box, select "Keyword" on the "Search by" drop-down menu and then select "Go"|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040853/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|archivedate=June 4, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=B.o.B|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: B.o.B|access-date=May 25, 2012|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|language=de}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – January 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php|date=October 29, 2013}}. Cria.ca. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> * RIANZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|title=Latest Gold & Platinum Singles: New Zealand|access-date=October 20, 2009|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144010/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''B.o.B Presents:<br> The Adventures of Bobby Ray'' |- ! scope="row" | "Stay the Night"<br> <small>([[സെദ്ദ്|Zedd]] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2013 | 18 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 47 | 56 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|title=American certifications – Zedd|access-date=August 31, 2013|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113953/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm|title=ARIA Charts – 2013 Accreditations|access-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|title=BPI certified Awards|access-date=May 9, 2014|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EEYfYVwc?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''Clarity'' |- ! scope="row" | "Vicious Love"<br> <small>(New Found Glory featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Resurrection: Ascension'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bury It"<br> <small>(Chvrches featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Every Open Eye'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി സഹകരിച്ച് നിർമിച്ച ഗാനങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Title ! Year ! Album |- ! scope="row" | "Keep Dreaming Upside Down"<ref name="Oct Fall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/14_songs_featuring_the_amazing_specimen_that_is_hayley_williams|title=14 songs featuring the incredible Hayley Williams|access-date=August 21, 2017|publisher=altpress.com}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Fall October Fall] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2006 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Season_in_Hell_(album) A Season in Hell]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Then Came to Kill"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-chariot-the-fiancee/|title=The Chariot The Fiancee|publisher=pop matters|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chariot_(band) The Chariot] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fianc%C3%A9e_(album) The Fiancée]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Church Channel"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|title=The Church Channel – Say Anything Feat. Hayley Williams|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603222620/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_Anything_(band) Say Anything] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_the_Genre In Defense of the Genre]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Plea"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|title=Plea - Say Anything feat. Hayley Willams and Kenny Vasoli|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233118/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>(Say Anything featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Vasoli Kenny Vasoli])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/death-in-the-park-ep/id289709999|title=Death In the Park - EP|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2008 | ''Death In The Park EP'' |- ! scope="row" | "Tangled Up"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/hayley-williams/id256673270|title=Hayley Williams}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Found_Glory New Found Glory] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Without_a_Fight Not Without a Fight]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Few That Remain"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/31441/Set-Your-Goals-This-Will-Be-the-Death-of-Us/|title=Set Your Goals This Will Be the Death of Us|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Your_Goals_(band) Set Your Goals] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Will_Be_the_Death_of_Us This Will Be the Death of Us]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes, Part II"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|title=B.O.B'S 'Airplanes (Part II),' Featuring Eminem And Hayley Williams, Hits The Net|last=Stephen Roberts|publisher=mtv|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075112/http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.]</small><small>[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B] featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B_Presents:_The_Adventures_of_Bobby_Ray B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/09/free-death-in-park-feat-hayley-williams.html|title=Death in the Park (Feat Hayley Williams)|publisher=Alter The Press!|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Death In The Park'' |- ! scope="row" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Connection Rainbow Connection]"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://popcrush.com/weezer-hayley-williams-rainbow-connection-muppets-album/|title=Weezer and Hayley Williams Sing ‘Rainbow Connection’ for New Muppets Album|last=Cristin Maher|publisher=popcrush|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer Weezer] and Hayley Williams)</small> | 2011 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets:_The_Green_Album Muppets: The Green Album]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fox's Dream of the Log Flume"<ref name="mewithoutYou releases new song">{{Cite news|url=http://sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=21661|title=mewithoutYou releases new song|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MewithoutYou MewithoutYou] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="4" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Stories Ten Stories]'' |- ! scope="row" | "All Circles"<br> <small>(MewithoutYou featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Daniel Smith] of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Danielson])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Babe"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/47407/media-whats-eating-gilbert-new-found-glory-babe-ft-hayley-williams|title=What's Eating Gilbert (New Found Glory): “Babe” ft. Hayley Williams|last=John Flynn|publisher=Punknews.org|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Nashville Session'' |- ! scope="row" | "What's His Name"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://domestikated.bandcamp.com/track/whats-his-name-feat-becca|title=What's His Name|publisher=domestikated|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Domestikated featuring Becca (Hayley Williams))</small> | ''Five Minutes in Timeout!'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wearing Your Ring"<ref name="That New Sound You're Looking For review">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150727/new-found-glory-guitarists-side-project-whats-eating-gilbert-specializes-in-bright-snappy-guitar-tunes|title=New Found Glory guitarist's side project What's Eating Gilbert specializes in bright, snappy guitar tunes}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_New_Sound_You%27re_Looking_For That New Sound You're Looking For]'' |- ! scope="row" | "As U Wave"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_featured_on_new_halfnoise_zac_farro_songlisten|title=Hayley Williams featured on new HalfNoise (Zac Farro)|author=Jordan Toney|publisher=altpress|accessdate=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalfNoise HalfNoise] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2017 | ''The Velvet Face EP'' |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും നാമനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും == {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Association ! Category ! Work ! Result |- style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2007] | rowspan="2" | Sexiest Female Front Singer<ref name="Kerrang! '07">{{Cite news |title=Kerrang! 2007 Readers' Poll |magazine=[[Kerrang!]] |date= December 12, 2007 }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2008 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2008] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|title=7th Annual "Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008" Awards - Press...|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205253/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Brazil MTV Video Music Brazil] | Best International Act 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|title=Paramore Tickets|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|date=|publisher=www.ticketsmate.com|archive-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073758/http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="vmb-2008-paramore">{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-prêmio-de-artista-internacional|title=Clipes, Playlists, Reality TV, Notícias sobre Artistas, Shows, Promoções &#124; MTV Brasil|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|author2=|date=February 10, 2008|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091813/http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-pr%C3%AAmio-de-artista-internacional|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2009 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2009<ref name="sonicaster.com">{{cite web|url=http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|title=Nominados para los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2008|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 15, 2008|publisher=Sonicaster|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104150/http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards Shockwaves NME Awards 2009] | rowspan="3" | Sexiest Female<ref name="radio1045/">{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2009] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="6" | 2010 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2010] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards 2010 MTV Video Music Awards] | Video of the Year<ref name="mtv awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|title=Drake, B.O.B Lead Celebs' Picks For Bwst Hip hop Video VMA|publisher=mtv|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.B] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Hip-Hop Video<ref name="mtv awards" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/video-of-the-year.html|title=Video of the Year|accessdate=November 21, 2011|publisher=BET}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards_2010 Teen Choice Awards 2010] | Hook Up Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a258411/teen-choice-awards-2010-music-winners/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Music Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 52nd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uproxx.com/hitfix/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list/|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|author1=[[HitFix]]|date=January 31, 2010|work=[[Uproxx]]|publisher=[[Woven Digital]]|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decode_(song) Decode]" – Williams, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Farro Josh Farro] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_York Taylor York] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" | 2011 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2011] | Sexiest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_People%27s_Choice_Awards 37th People's Choice Awards] | Favorite Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners/|title=People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan="3" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_Awards BET Awards 2011] | Video of the Year<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |title=53rd Grammy Awards – Final Nomination List |publisher=[[Grammy]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214033514/http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2010 }}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes,_Part_II Airplanes, Part II]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |2012 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2012] | Sexiest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|title=The Kerrang! Awards Fuelled By Relentless Energy Drink 2012 – The Winners!|date=June 7, 2012|work=Kerrang!|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68XjziYxZ?url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|archivedate=June 19, 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=June 7, 2012|df=}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards_2012 NME Awards 2012] | rowspan="2" |Hottest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2012] | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Tweeter of the Year<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang!] [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Awards 2013] | Hottest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a490031/kerrang-awards-2013-winners-biffy-clyro-fall-out-boy-triumph/|title=Kerrang! Awards 2013 winners: Biffy Clyro, Fall Out Boy triumph|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan=4 {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" |2014 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2014] |Best Singer<ref name="ALTpressIV">''Alternative Press'': [http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/idobi_radio_added_as_official_apmas_radio_station idobi Radio added as official APMAs radio station]</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards iHeartRadio Music Awards] |EDM Song of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|title=iHeartRadio Music Awards Articles|work=iHeartRadio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506052132/http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|archivedate=May 6, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_The_Night_(Zedd_song) Stay the Night]"<small> (featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedd_(musician) Zedd] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards MTV Video Music Awards 2014] |Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232755/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |MTV Clubland Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232830/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="5" {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music Billboard Women in Music] | Trailblazer Award<ref name="trailblazer">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6319562/paramore-hayley-williams-trailblazer-billboard-women-in-music-awards|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams to Receive Trailblazer Honor at Billboard Women in Music Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2014|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | Herself |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" |2015 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards 57th Annual Grammy Awards] |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Rock_Song Best Rock Song]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/making-paramores-aint-it-fun|title=The Making Of Paramore's "Ain't It Fun"|publisher=}}</ref> |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Fun_(Paramore_song) Ain't It Fun]" – Williams and Taylor York |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2015] |Best Tweeter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/|title=THE RELENTLESS KERRANG! AWARDS 2015 WINNERS LIST|accessdate=June 12, 2015|last1=Carter|first1=Emily|website=Kerrang!}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Herself |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2015] |Best Vocalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_wins_the_apma_for_best_vocalist|title=Hayley Williams wins the APMA for Best Vocalist|accessdate=July 5, 2015|last1=Obenschain|first1=Philip|website=altpress}}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == {{reflist|30em}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ Hayley William's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125749/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ |date=2012-02-07 }} Profile on [http://www.paramore.net Paramore.net] * {{wikiquote-inline|Hayley Williams|Hayley Williams}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1988-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] 2fxzqn34ngnqleou7i308gcb54m3em1 4644403 4644402 2026-07-08T10:45:52Z Malikaveedu 16584 /* ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം */ 4644403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് | image = Hayley in 2017.jpg | caption = Williams performing as part of [[Paramore]] at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[London]], 2017. | birth_name = ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|12|27}} | birth_place = മെരിഡിയൻ, മിസിസിപ്പി, യുഎസ് | occupation = {{flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * സംഗീതജ്ഞ }} | years_active = 2003–present | spouse = {{nowrap|{{marriage|[[Chad Gilbert]]|2016|2017|end=div}}}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | origin = [[Franklin, Tennessee]], U.S. | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * bass * keyboards * guitar * drums }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Collar |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/paramore-mw0002479086 |title=Review: ''Paramore''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=April 7, 2013|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[pop punk]]}}<ref name="Diva Devotee">{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.divadevotee.com/2010/11/hayley-williams.html|title=[Vocal Profile] Hayley Williams|publisher=Diva Devotee|date=August 6, 2015|accessdate=November 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|title=Hayley Williams Leads Revamped Paramore in First Show in Almost a Year|publisher=rollingstone|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151801/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/04/paramore-announce-new-album-after-laughter-share-video-for-buoyant-single-hard-times-watch/|title=Paramore announce new album, After Laughter, share video for buoyant single “Hard Times” — watch|date=April 20, 2017|publisher=|accessdate=April 23, 2017}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[power pop]]}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Ableson |first=Jon |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2008/11/paramore-talk-about-progress-of-their.html |title=Paramore talk about progress of their next record |publisher=Alter The Press! |date=August 20, 2009 |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[emo pop]]}}<ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> * [[emo]]<ref name="thefader">{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Alex|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview|title=Paramore’s Hayley Williams has been an icon of an entire generation’s angst. Now, at 28, she’s finding she has her own unrest to deal with.|publisher=thefader|date=|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Fueled by Ramen]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] }} | associated_acts = [[Paramore]] | website = {{URL|paramore.net}} }} }} '''ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ്''' (ജനനം ഡിസംബർ 27, 1988) ഒരു [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ഗായികയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും, സംഗീതജ്ഞയുമാണ്. [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന റോക്ക് ബാൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗായികയും, മുഖ്യ ഗാനരചയിതാവുമാണ് അവർ. [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ജനിച്ച വില്യംസ് തൻ്റെ പതിനാലാം വയസ്സിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ വിവാഹമോചിതരായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നീസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പിന്നീട് 2004-ൽ ജോസ് ഫാർറോ, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ജെറമി ഡേവിസ് എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന ബാൻഡ് രൂപവത്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ്, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ടെയ്ലർ യോർക്ക് എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ ബാൻഡിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഓൾ വി നോ ഈസ് ഫോളിങ് (2005), റയട്ട്! (2007), ബ്രാൻഡ് ന്യൂ ഐസ് (2009), പാരമോർ (2013), ആഫ്റ്റർ ലാഫർ (2017) എന്നിങ്ങനെ അഞ്ച് സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ബാൻഡ് പുറത്തിറക്കി.   ജെന്നിഫേർസ് ബോഡി (2009) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് വേണ്ടി "ടീനേജേർസ്" എന്ന ഗാനം റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്തു. ഒക്ടോബർ ഫാൾ, ദ് ചാരിയട്ട്, സെറ്റ് യുവർ ഗോൾസ്, ന്യൂ ഫൌണ്ടേഷൻ ഗ്ലോറി തുടങ്ങിയ കലാകാരന്മാരുമൊത്ത് നിരവധി ഗാനങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 2010 ൽ, [[ബി.ഒ.ബി|ബി.ഒ.ബിയുടെ]] "എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ്” ഗാനത്തിൽ സഹകരിച്ചു. ഈ ഗാനം യുഎസ് ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100 ൽ ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി. [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസീലൻഡിലും]] [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലും]] ഈ ഗാനം സ്ഥാനത്ത് എത്തുകയും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയ]], [[കാനഡ]], [[റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്|റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലൻഡ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പത്ത് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടം നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു . ഈ ഗാനത്തിനു തുടർച്ചയായി, “എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ് II” എന്ന ഗാനം അമേരിക്കൻ റാപ്പർ [[എമിനെം|എമിനിമുമായി]] ചേർന്ന് ബി.ഒ.ബി പുറത്തിറക്കി. ഇരുവരും പുതുക്കിയ വരികൾ പാടിയപ്പോൾ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് പാടിയ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ അതേപടി നിലനിർത്തി. ഈ ഗാനത്തിന് [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം|ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡിന്]] നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു.  == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1988 ഡിസംബർ 27 ന് മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ മെറിഡിയനിൽ ക്രിസ്റ്റി, ജോയി വില്യംസ് ദമ്പതികളുടെ മകളായി ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് ജനിച്ചു. അവർക്ക് രണ്ട് ഇളയ അർദ്ധസഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. നാഷണൽ ബാസ്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ കളിക്കാരൻ റോഡ്‌നി ഹുഡ്അവരുടെ ബാല്യകാലത്തെ അയൽക്കാരൻ ആയിരുന്നു. 2002 ൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ വിവാഹമോചനത്തിനുശേഷം, 13 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, അവർ അമ്മയോടൊപ്പം ടെന്നസിയിലെ ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ നഗരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പുതിയ സ്കൂളിൽ, ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റുകളായ ജോഷിനെയും സാക് ഫാരോയെയും കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, വോക്കൽ കോച്ച് ബ്രെറ്റ് മാനിംഗിനൊപ്പം അവർ പാഠങ്ങൾ പഠിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. സ്കൂളിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ, വില്യംസ് ദി ഫാക്ടറി എന്ന പ്രാദേശിക ഫങ്ക് കവർ ബാൻഡിനായി ശ്രമിക്കുകയും അവിടെ അവർ ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റ് ആയ ജെറമി ഡേവിസിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.  === ഫീച്ചേർഡ് സിംഗിൾസ് === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! rowspan="2" | Title ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="10" | Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Certifications<br> <small>([[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീതജ്ഞർ|sales threshold]])</small> ! rowspan="2" | Album |- style="font-size: smaller;" ! style="width: 30px;" | US ! style="width: 30px;" | AUS ! style="width: 30px;" | AUT ! style="width: 30px;" | CAN ! style="width: 30px;" | GER ! style="width: 30px;" | IRE ! style="width: 30px;" | NZ ! style="width: 30px;" | SWE ! style="width: 30px;" | SWI ! style="width: 30px;" | UK |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes"<br> <small>(B.o.</small><small>B featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=B.O.B&ti=Airplanes#search_section|title=''RIAA'' Certifications for B.o.B|access-date=July 15, 2010|publisher=''Billboard''}}</ref> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAusCalifornia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|title=ARIA Charts – Top 50 Singles Chart|access-date=June 20, 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305231011/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=March 5, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI Certified Awards Search|accessdate=September 4, 2013|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|format=insert "BoB" into the search box, select "Keyword" on the "Search by" drop-down menu and then select "Go"|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040853/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|archivedate=June 4, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=B.o.B|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: B.o.B|access-date=May 25, 2012|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|language=de}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – January 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php|date=October 29, 2013}}. Cria.ca. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> * RIANZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|title=Latest Gold & Platinum Singles: New Zealand|access-date=October 20, 2009|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144010/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''B.o.B Presents:<br> The Adventures of Bobby Ray'' |- ! scope="row" | "Stay the Night"<br> <small>([[സെദ്ദ്|Zedd]] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2013 | 18 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 47 | 56 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|title=American certifications – Zedd|access-date=August 31, 2013|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113953/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm|title=ARIA Charts – 2013 Accreditations|access-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|title=BPI certified Awards|access-date=May 9, 2014|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EEYfYVwc?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''Clarity'' |- ! scope="row" | "Vicious Love"<br> <small>(New Found Glory featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Resurrection: Ascension'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bury It"<br> <small>(Chvrches featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Every Open Eye'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി സഹകരിച്ച് നിർമിച്ച ഗാനങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Title ! Year ! Album |- ! scope="row" | "Keep Dreaming Upside Down"<ref name="Oct Fall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/14_songs_featuring_the_amazing_specimen_that_is_hayley_williams|title=14 songs featuring the incredible Hayley Williams|access-date=August 21, 2017|publisher=altpress.com}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Fall October Fall] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2006 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Season_in_Hell_(album) A Season in Hell]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Then Came to Kill"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-chariot-the-fiancee/|title=The Chariot The Fiancee|publisher=pop matters|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chariot_(band) The Chariot] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fianc%C3%A9e_(album) The Fiancée]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Church Channel"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|title=The Church Channel – Say Anything Feat. Hayley Williams|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603222620/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_Anything_(band) Say Anything] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_the_Genre In Defense of the Genre]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Plea"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|title=Plea - Say Anything feat. Hayley Willams and Kenny Vasoli|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233118/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>(Say Anything featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Vasoli Kenny Vasoli])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/death-in-the-park-ep/id289709999|title=Death In the Park - EP|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2008 | ''Death In The Park EP'' |- ! scope="row" | "Tangled Up"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/hayley-williams/id256673270|title=Hayley Williams}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Found_Glory New Found Glory] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Without_a_Fight Not Without a Fight]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Few That Remain"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/31441/Set-Your-Goals-This-Will-Be-the-Death-of-Us/|title=Set Your Goals This Will Be the Death of Us|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Your_Goals_(band) Set Your Goals] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Will_Be_the_Death_of_Us This Will Be the Death of Us]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes, Part II"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|title=B.O.B'S 'Airplanes (Part II),' Featuring Eminem And Hayley Williams, Hits The Net|last=Stephen Roberts|publisher=mtv|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075112/http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.]</small><small>[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B] featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B_Presents:_The_Adventures_of_Bobby_Ray B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/09/free-death-in-park-feat-hayley-williams.html|title=Death in the Park (Feat Hayley Williams)|publisher=Alter The Press!|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Death In The Park'' |- ! scope="row" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Connection Rainbow Connection]"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://popcrush.com/weezer-hayley-williams-rainbow-connection-muppets-album/|title=Weezer and Hayley Williams Sing ‘Rainbow Connection’ for New Muppets Album|last=Cristin Maher|publisher=popcrush|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer Weezer] and Hayley Williams)</small> | 2011 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets:_The_Green_Album Muppets: The Green Album]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fox's Dream of the Log Flume"<ref name="mewithoutYou releases new song">{{Cite news|url=http://sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=21661|title=mewithoutYou releases new song|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MewithoutYou MewithoutYou] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="4" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Stories Ten Stories]'' |- ! scope="row" | "All Circles"<br> <small>(MewithoutYou featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Daniel Smith] of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Danielson])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Babe"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/47407/media-whats-eating-gilbert-new-found-glory-babe-ft-hayley-williams|title=What's Eating Gilbert (New Found Glory): “Babe” ft. Hayley Williams|last=John Flynn|publisher=Punknews.org|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Nashville Session'' |- ! scope="row" | "What's His Name"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://domestikated.bandcamp.com/track/whats-his-name-feat-becca|title=What's His Name|publisher=domestikated|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Domestikated featuring Becca (Hayley Williams))</small> | ''Five Minutes in Timeout!'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wearing Your Ring"<ref name="That New Sound You're Looking For review">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150727/new-found-glory-guitarists-side-project-whats-eating-gilbert-specializes-in-bright-snappy-guitar-tunes|title=New Found Glory guitarist's side project What's Eating Gilbert specializes in bright, snappy guitar tunes}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_New_Sound_You%27re_Looking_For That New Sound You're Looking For]'' |- ! scope="row" | "As U Wave"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_featured_on_new_halfnoise_zac_farro_songlisten|title=Hayley Williams featured on new HalfNoise (Zac Farro)|author=Jordan Toney|publisher=altpress|accessdate=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalfNoise HalfNoise] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2017 | ''The Velvet Face EP'' |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും നാമനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും == {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Association ! Category ! Work ! Result |- style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2007] | rowspan="2" | Sexiest Female Front Singer<ref name="Kerrang! '07">{{Cite news |title=Kerrang! 2007 Readers' Poll |magazine=[[Kerrang!]] |date= December 12, 2007 }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2008 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2008] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|title=7th Annual "Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008" Awards - Press...|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205253/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Brazil MTV Video Music Brazil] | Best International Act 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|title=Paramore Tickets|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|date=|publisher=www.ticketsmate.com|archive-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073758/http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="vmb-2008-paramore">{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-prêmio-de-artista-internacional|title=Clipes, Playlists, Reality TV, Notícias sobre Artistas, Shows, Promoções &#124; MTV Brasil|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|author2=|date=February 10, 2008|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091813/http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-pr%C3%AAmio-de-artista-internacional|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2009 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2009<ref name="sonicaster.com">{{cite web|url=http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|title=Nominados para los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2008|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 15, 2008|publisher=Sonicaster|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104150/http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards Shockwaves NME Awards 2009] | rowspan="3" | Sexiest Female<ref name="radio1045/">{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2009] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="6" | 2010 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2010] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards 2010 MTV Video Music Awards] | Video of the Year<ref name="mtv awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|title=Drake, B.O.B Lead Celebs' Picks For Bwst Hip hop Video VMA|publisher=mtv|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.B] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Hip-Hop Video<ref name="mtv awards" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/video-of-the-year.html|title=Video of the Year|accessdate=November 21, 2011|publisher=BET}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards_2010 Teen Choice Awards 2010] | Hook Up Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a258411/teen-choice-awards-2010-music-winners/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Music Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 52nd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uproxx.com/hitfix/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list/|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|author1=[[HitFix]]|date=January 31, 2010|work=[[Uproxx]]|publisher=[[Woven Digital]]|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decode_(song) Decode]" – Williams, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Farro Josh Farro] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_York Taylor York] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" | 2011 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2011] | Sexiest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_People%27s_Choice_Awards 37th People's Choice Awards] | Favorite Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners/|title=People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan="3" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_Awards BET Awards 2011] | Video of the Year<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |title=53rd Grammy Awards – Final Nomination List |publisher=[[Grammy]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214033514/http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2010 }}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes,_Part_II Airplanes, Part II]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |2012 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2012] | Sexiest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|title=The Kerrang! Awards Fuelled By Relentless Energy Drink 2012 – The Winners!|date=June 7, 2012|work=Kerrang!|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68XjziYxZ?url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|archivedate=June 19, 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=June 7, 2012|df=}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards_2012 NME Awards 2012] | rowspan="2" |Hottest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2012] | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Tweeter of the Year<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang!] [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Awards 2013] | Hottest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a490031/kerrang-awards-2013-winners-biffy-clyro-fall-out-boy-triumph/|title=Kerrang! Awards 2013 winners: Biffy Clyro, Fall Out Boy triumph|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan=4 {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" |2014 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2014] |Best Singer<ref name="ALTpressIV">''Alternative Press'': [http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/idobi_radio_added_as_official_apmas_radio_station idobi Radio added as official APMAs radio station]</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards iHeartRadio Music Awards] |EDM Song of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|title=iHeartRadio Music Awards Articles|work=iHeartRadio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506052132/http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|archivedate=May 6, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_The_Night_(Zedd_song) Stay the Night]"<small> (featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedd_(musician) Zedd] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards MTV Video Music Awards 2014] |Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232755/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |MTV Clubland Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232830/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="5" {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music Billboard Women in Music] | Trailblazer Award<ref name="trailblazer">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6319562/paramore-hayley-williams-trailblazer-billboard-women-in-music-awards|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams to Receive Trailblazer Honor at Billboard Women in Music Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2014|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | Herself |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" |2015 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards 57th Annual Grammy Awards] |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Rock_Song Best Rock Song]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/making-paramores-aint-it-fun|title=The Making Of Paramore's "Ain't It Fun"|publisher=}}</ref> |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Fun_(Paramore_song) Ain't It Fun]" – Williams and Taylor York |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2015] |Best Tweeter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/|title=THE RELENTLESS KERRANG! AWARDS 2015 WINNERS LIST|accessdate=June 12, 2015|last1=Carter|first1=Emily|website=Kerrang!}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Herself |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2015] |Best Vocalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_wins_the_apma_for_best_vocalist|title=Hayley Williams wins the APMA for Best Vocalist|accessdate=July 5, 2015|last1=Obenschain|first1=Philip|website=altpress}}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == {{reflist|30em}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ Hayley William's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125749/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ |date=2012-02-07 }} Profile on [http://www.paramore.net Paramore.net] * {{wikiquote-inline|Hayley Williams|Hayley Williams}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1988-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] g4v8ixz0joxehfkjcnmbh47f34mdhk5 4644406 4644403 2026-07-08T10:47:07Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് | image = Hayley in 2017.jpg | caption = Williams performing as part of [[Paramore]] at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[London]], 2017. | birth_name = ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|12|27}} | birth_place = മെരിഡിയൻ, മിസിസിപ്പി, യുഎസ് | occupation = {{flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * സംഗീതജ്ഞ }} | years_active = 2003–present | spouse = {{nowrap|{{marriage|[[Chad Gilbert]]|2016|2017|end=div}}}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | origin = [[Franklin, Tennessee]], U.S. | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * bass * keyboards * guitar * drums }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Collar |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/paramore-mw0002479086 |title=Review: ''Paramore''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=April 7, 2013|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[pop punk]]}}<ref name="Diva Devotee">{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.divadevotee.com/2010/11/hayley-williams.html|title=[Vocal Profile] Hayley Williams|publisher=Diva Devotee|date=August 6, 2015|accessdate=November 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|title=Hayley Williams Leads Revamped Paramore in First Show in Almost a Year|publisher=rollingstone|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151801/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/04/paramore-announce-new-album-after-laughter-share-video-for-buoyant-single-hard-times-watch/|title=Paramore announce new album, After Laughter, share video for buoyant single “Hard Times” — watch|date=April 20, 2017|publisher=|accessdate=April 23, 2017}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[power pop]]}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Ableson |first=Jon |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2008/11/paramore-talk-about-progress-of-their.html |title=Paramore talk about progress of their next record |publisher=Alter The Press! |date=August 20, 2009 |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[emo pop]]}}<ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> * [[emo]]<ref name="thefader">{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Alex|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview|title=Paramore’s Hayley Williams has been an icon of an entire generation’s angst. Now, at 28, she’s finding she has her own unrest to deal with.|publisher=thefader|date=|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Fueled by Ramen]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] }} | associated_acts = [[Paramore]] | website = {{URL|paramore.net}} }} }} '''ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ്''' (ജനനം ഡിസംബർ 27, 1988) ഒരു [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ഗായികയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും, സംഗീതജ്ഞയുമാണ്. [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന റോക്ക് ബാൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗായികയും, മുഖ്യ ഗാനരചയിതാവുമാണ് അവർ. [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ജനിച്ച വില്യംസ് തൻ്റെ പതിനാലാം വയസ്സിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ വിവാഹമോചിതരായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നീസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പിന്നീട് 2004-ൽ ജോസ് ഫാർറോ, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ജെറമി ഡേവിസ് എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന ബാൻഡ് രൂപവത്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ്, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ടെയ്ലർ യോർക്ക് എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ ബാൻഡിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഓൾ വി നോ ഈസ് ഫോളിങ് (2005), റയട്ട്! (2007), ബ്രാൻഡ് ന്യൂ ഐസ് (2009), പാരമോർ (2013), ആഫ്റ്റർ ലാഫർ (2017) എന്നിങ്ങനെ അഞ്ച് സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ബാൻഡ് പുറത്തിറക്കി.   ജെന്നിഫേർസ് ബോഡി (2009) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് വേണ്ടി "ടീനേജേർസ്" എന്ന ഗാനം റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്തു. ഒക്ടോബർ ഫാൾ, ദ് ചാരിയട്ട്, സെറ്റ് യുവർ ഗോൾസ്, ന്യൂ ഫൌണ്ടേഷൻ ഗ്ലോറി തുടങ്ങിയ കലാകാരന്മാരുമൊത്ത് നിരവധി ഗാനങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 2010 ൽ, [[ബി.ഒ.ബി|ബി.ഒ.ബിയുടെ]] "എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ്” ഗാനത്തിൽ സഹകരിച്ചു. ഈ ഗാനം യുഎസ് ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100 ൽ ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി. [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസീലൻഡിലും]] [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലും]] ഈ ഗാനം സ്ഥാനത്ത് എത്തുകയും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയ]], [[കാനഡ]], [[റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്|റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലൻഡ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പത്ത് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടം നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു . ഈ ഗാനത്തിനു തുടർച്ചയായി, “എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ് II” എന്ന ഗാനം അമേരിക്കൻ റാപ്പർ [[എമിനെം|എമിനിമുമായി]] ചേർന്ന് ബി.ഒ.ബി പുറത്തിറക്കി. ഇരുവരും പുതുക്കിയ വരികൾ പാടിയപ്പോൾ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് പാടിയ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ അതേപടി നിലനിർത്തി. ഈ ഗാനത്തിന് [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം|ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡിന്]] നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു.  == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1988 ഡിസംബർ 27 ന് [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ക്രിസ്റ്റി, ജോയി വില്യംസ് ദമ്പതികളുടെ മകളായി ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് ജനിച്ചു. അവർക്ക് രണ്ട് ഇളയ അർദ്ധസഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്. [[നാഷണൽ ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ|നാഷണൽ ബാസ്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ]] കളിക്കാരൻ റോഡ്‌നി ഹുഡ്അവരുടെ ബാല്യകാലത്തെ അയൽക്കാരൻ ആയിരുന്നു. 2002 ൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ വിവാഹമോചനത്തിനുശേഷം, 13 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, അവർ അമ്മയോടൊപ്പം [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ നഗരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പുതിയ സ്കൂളിൽ, ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റുകളായ ജോഷിനെയും സാക് ഫാരോയെയും കണ്ടുമുട്ടി. ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, വോക്കൽ കോച്ച് ബ്രെറ്റ് മാനിംഗിനൊപ്പം അവർ പാഠങ്ങൾ പഠിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. സ്കൂളിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ, വില്യംസ് ''ദി ഫാക്ടറി'' എന്ന പ്രാദേശിക ഫങ്ക് കവർ ബാൻഡിനായി ശ്രമിക്കുകയും അവിടെ അവർ ഭാവിയിലെ ''പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റ്'' ആയ ജെറമി ഡേവിസിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.  === ഫീച്ചേർഡ് സിംഗിൾസ് === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! rowspan="2" | Title ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="10" | Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Certifications<br> <small>([[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീതജ്ഞർ|sales threshold]])</small> ! rowspan="2" | Album |- style="font-size: smaller;" ! style="width: 30px;" | US ! style="width: 30px;" | AUS ! style="width: 30px;" | AUT ! style="width: 30px;" | CAN ! style="width: 30px;" | GER ! style="width: 30px;" | IRE ! style="width: 30px;" | NZ ! style="width: 30px;" | SWE ! style="width: 30px;" | SWI ! style="width: 30px;" | UK |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes"<br> <small>(B.o.</small><small>B featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=B.O.B&ti=Airplanes#search_section|title=''RIAA'' Certifications for B.o.B|access-date=July 15, 2010|publisher=''Billboard''}}</ref> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAusCalifornia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|title=ARIA Charts – Top 50 Singles Chart|access-date=June 20, 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305231011/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=March 5, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI Certified Awards Search|accessdate=September 4, 2013|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|format=insert "BoB" into the search box, select "Keyword" on the "Search by" drop-down menu and then select "Go"|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040853/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|archivedate=June 4, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=B.o.B|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: B.o.B|access-date=May 25, 2012|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|language=de}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – January 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php|date=October 29, 2013}}. Cria.ca. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> * RIANZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|title=Latest Gold & Platinum Singles: New Zealand|access-date=October 20, 2009|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144010/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''B.o.B Presents:<br> The Adventures of Bobby Ray'' |- ! scope="row" | "Stay the Night"<br> <small>([[സെദ്ദ്|Zedd]] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2013 | 18 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 47 | 56 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|title=American certifications – Zedd|access-date=August 31, 2013|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113953/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm|title=ARIA Charts – 2013 Accreditations|access-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|title=BPI certified Awards|access-date=May 9, 2014|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EEYfYVwc?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''Clarity'' |- ! scope="row" | "Vicious Love"<br> <small>(New Found Glory featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Resurrection: Ascension'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bury It"<br> <small>(Chvrches featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Every Open Eye'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി സഹകരിച്ച് നിർമിച്ച ഗാനങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Title ! Year ! Album |- ! scope="row" | "Keep Dreaming Upside Down"<ref name="Oct Fall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/14_songs_featuring_the_amazing_specimen_that_is_hayley_williams|title=14 songs featuring the incredible Hayley Williams|access-date=August 21, 2017|publisher=altpress.com}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Fall October Fall] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2006 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Season_in_Hell_(album) A Season in Hell]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Then Came to Kill"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-chariot-the-fiancee/|title=The Chariot The Fiancee|publisher=pop matters|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chariot_(band) The Chariot] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fianc%C3%A9e_(album) The Fiancée]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Church Channel"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|title=The Church Channel – Say Anything Feat. Hayley Williams|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603222620/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_Anything_(band) Say Anything] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_the_Genre In Defense of the Genre]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Plea"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|title=Plea - Say Anything feat. Hayley Willams and Kenny Vasoli|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233118/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>(Say Anything featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Vasoli Kenny Vasoli])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/death-in-the-park-ep/id289709999|title=Death In the Park - EP|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2008 | ''Death In The Park EP'' |- ! scope="row" | "Tangled Up"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/hayley-williams/id256673270|title=Hayley Williams}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Found_Glory New Found Glory] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Without_a_Fight Not Without a Fight]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Few That Remain"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/31441/Set-Your-Goals-This-Will-Be-the-Death-of-Us/|title=Set Your Goals This Will Be the Death of Us|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Your_Goals_(band) Set Your Goals] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Will_Be_the_Death_of_Us This Will Be the Death of Us]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes, Part II"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|title=B.O.B'S 'Airplanes (Part II),' Featuring Eminem And Hayley Williams, Hits The Net|last=Stephen Roberts|publisher=mtv|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075112/http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.]</small><small>[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B] featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B_Presents:_The_Adventures_of_Bobby_Ray B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/09/free-death-in-park-feat-hayley-williams.html|title=Death in the Park (Feat Hayley Williams)|publisher=Alter The Press!|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Death In The Park'' |- ! scope="row" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Connection Rainbow Connection]"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://popcrush.com/weezer-hayley-williams-rainbow-connection-muppets-album/|title=Weezer and Hayley Williams Sing ‘Rainbow Connection’ for New Muppets Album|last=Cristin Maher|publisher=popcrush|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer Weezer] and Hayley Williams)</small> | 2011 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets:_The_Green_Album Muppets: The Green Album]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fox's Dream of the Log Flume"<ref name="mewithoutYou releases new song">{{Cite news|url=http://sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=21661|title=mewithoutYou releases new song|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MewithoutYou MewithoutYou] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="4" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Stories Ten Stories]'' |- ! scope="row" | "All Circles"<br> <small>(MewithoutYou featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Daniel Smith] of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Danielson])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Babe"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/47407/media-whats-eating-gilbert-new-found-glory-babe-ft-hayley-williams|title=What's Eating Gilbert (New Found Glory): “Babe” ft. Hayley Williams|last=John Flynn|publisher=Punknews.org|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Nashville Session'' |- ! scope="row" | "What's His Name"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://domestikated.bandcamp.com/track/whats-his-name-feat-becca|title=What's His Name|publisher=domestikated|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Domestikated featuring Becca (Hayley Williams))</small> | ''Five Minutes in Timeout!'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wearing Your Ring"<ref name="That New Sound You're Looking For review">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150727/new-found-glory-guitarists-side-project-whats-eating-gilbert-specializes-in-bright-snappy-guitar-tunes|title=New Found Glory guitarist's side project What's Eating Gilbert specializes in bright, snappy guitar tunes}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_New_Sound_You%27re_Looking_For That New Sound You're Looking For]'' |- ! scope="row" | "As U Wave"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_featured_on_new_halfnoise_zac_farro_songlisten|title=Hayley Williams featured on new HalfNoise (Zac Farro)|author=Jordan Toney|publisher=altpress|accessdate=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalfNoise HalfNoise] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2017 | ''The Velvet Face EP'' |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും നാമനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും == {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Association ! Category ! Work ! Result |- style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2007] | rowspan="2" | Sexiest Female Front Singer<ref name="Kerrang! '07">{{Cite news |title=Kerrang! 2007 Readers' Poll |magazine=[[Kerrang!]] |date= December 12, 2007 }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2008 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2008] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|title=7th Annual "Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008" Awards - Press...|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205253/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Brazil MTV Video Music Brazil] | Best International Act 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|title=Paramore Tickets|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|date=|publisher=www.ticketsmate.com|archive-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073758/http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="vmb-2008-paramore">{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-prêmio-de-artista-internacional|title=Clipes, Playlists, Reality TV, Notícias sobre Artistas, Shows, Promoções &#124; MTV Brasil|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|author2=|date=February 10, 2008|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091813/http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-pr%C3%AAmio-de-artista-internacional|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2009 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2009<ref name="sonicaster.com">{{cite web|url=http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|title=Nominados para los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2008|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 15, 2008|publisher=Sonicaster|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104150/http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards Shockwaves NME Awards 2009] | rowspan="3" | Sexiest Female<ref name="radio1045/">{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2009] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="6" | 2010 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2010] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards 2010 MTV Video Music Awards] | Video of the Year<ref name="mtv awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|title=Drake, B.O.B Lead Celebs' Picks For Bwst Hip hop Video VMA|publisher=mtv|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.B] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Hip-Hop Video<ref name="mtv awards" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/video-of-the-year.html|title=Video of the Year|accessdate=November 21, 2011|publisher=BET}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards_2010 Teen Choice Awards 2010] | Hook Up Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a258411/teen-choice-awards-2010-music-winners/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Music Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 52nd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uproxx.com/hitfix/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list/|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|author1=[[HitFix]]|date=January 31, 2010|work=[[Uproxx]]|publisher=[[Woven Digital]]|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decode_(song) Decode]" – Williams, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Farro Josh Farro] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_York Taylor York] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" | 2011 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2011] | Sexiest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_People%27s_Choice_Awards 37th People's Choice Awards] | Favorite Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners/|title=People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan="3" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_Awards BET Awards 2011] | Video of the Year<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |title=53rd Grammy Awards – Final Nomination List |publisher=[[Grammy]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214033514/http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2010 }}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes,_Part_II Airplanes, Part II]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |2012 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2012] | Sexiest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|title=The Kerrang! Awards Fuelled By Relentless Energy Drink 2012 – The Winners!|date=June 7, 2012|work=Kerrang!|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68XjziYxZ?url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|archivedate=June 19, 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=June 7, 2012|df=}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards_2012 NME Awards 2012] | rowspan="2" |Hottest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2012] | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Tweeter of the Year<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang!] [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Awards 2013] | Hottest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a490031/kerrang-awards-2013-winners-biffy-clyro-fall-out-boy-triumph/|title=Kerrang! Awards 2013 winners: Biffy Clyro, Fall Out Boy triumph|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan=4 {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" |2014 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2014] |Best Singer<ref name="ALTpressIV">''Alternative Press'': [http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/idobi_radio_added_as_official_apmas_radio_station idobi Radio added as official APMAs radio station]</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards iHeartRadio Music Awards] |EDM Song of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|title=iHeartRadio Music Awards Articles|work=iHeartRadio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506052132/http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|archivedate=May 6, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_The_Night_(Zedd_song) Stay the Night]"<small> (featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedd_(musician) Zedd] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards MTV Video Music Awards 2014] |Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232755/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |MTV Clubland Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232830/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="5" {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music Billboard Women in Music] | Trailblazer Award<ref name="trailblazer">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6319562/paramore-hayley-williams-trailblazer-billboard-women-in-music-awards|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams to Receive Trailblazer Honor at Billboard Women in Music Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2014|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | Herself |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" |2015 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards 57th Annual Grammy Awards] |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Rock_Song Best Rock Song]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/making-paramores-aint-it-fun|title=The Making Of Paramore's "Ain't It Fun"|publisher=}}</ref> |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Fun_(Paramore_song) Ain't It Fun]" – Williams and Taylor York |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2015] |Best Tweeter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/|title=THE RELENTLESS KERRANG! AWARDS 2015 WINNERS LIST|accessdate=June 12, 2015|last1=Carter|first1=Emily|website=Kerrang!}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Herself |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2015] |Best Vocalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_wins_the_apma_for_best_vocalist|title=Hayley Williams wins the APMA for Best Vocalist|accessdate=July 5, 2015|last1=Obenschain|first1=Philip|website=altpress}}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == {{reflist|30em}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ Hayley William's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125749/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ |date=2012-02-07 }} Profile on [http://www.paramore.net Paramore.net] * {{wikiquote-inline|Hayley Williams|Hayley Williams}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1988-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] 5v8e9mb4h16oku6fob7mj296lfwuqcm 4644407 4644406 2026-07-08T10:49:50Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് | image = Hayley in 2017.jpg | caption = Williams performing as part of [[Paramore]] at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[London]], 2017. | birth_name = ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|12|27}} | birth_place = മെരിഡിയൻ, മിസിസിപ്പി, യുഎസ് | occupation = {{flatlist| * ഗായിക * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് * സംഗീതജ്ഞ }} | years_active = 2003–present | spouse = {{nowrap|{{marriage|[[Chad Gilbert]]|2016|2017|end=div}}}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | origin = [[Franklin, Tennessee]], U.S. | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * bass * keyboards * guitar * drums }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Collar |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/paramore-mw0002479086 |title=Review: ''Paramore''|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|date=April 7, 2013|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[pop punk]]}}<ref name="Diva Devotee">{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.divadevotee.com/2010/11/hayley-williams.html|title=[Vocal Profile] Hayley Williams|publisher=Diva Devotee|date=August 6, 2015|accessdate=November 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|title=Hayley Williams Leads Revamped Paramore in First Show in Almost a Year|publisher=rollingstone|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151801/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hayley-williams-leads-revamped-paramore-in-first-show-in-almost-a-year-20120815|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/04/paramore-announce-new-album-after-laughter-share-video-for-buoyant-single-hard-times-watch/|title=Paramore announce new album, After Laughter, share video for buoyant single “Hard Times” — watch|date=April 20, 2017|publisher=|accessdate=April 23, 2017}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[power pop]]}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Ableson |first=Jon |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2008/11/paramore-talk-about-progress-of-their.html |title=Paramore talk about progress of their next record |publisher=Alter The Press! |date=August 20, 2009 |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[emo pop]]}}<ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> * [[emo]]<ref name="thefader">{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Alex|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview|title=Paramore’s Hayley Williams has been an icon of an entire generation’s angst. Now, at 28, she’s finding she has her own unrest to deal with.|publisher=thefader|date=|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}</ref> }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Fueled by Ramen]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] }} | associated_acts = [[Paramore]] | website = {{URL|paramore.net}} }} }} '''ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ്''' (ജനനം ഡിസംബർ 27, 1988) ഒരു [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ഗായികയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും, സംഗീതജ്ഞയുമാണ്. [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന റോക്ക് ബാൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗായികയും, മുഖ്യ ഗാനരചയിതാവുമാണ് അവർ. [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ജനിച്ച വില്യംസ് തൻ്റെ പതിനാലാം വയസ്സിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ വിവാഹമോചിതരായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നീസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പിന്നീട് 2004-ൽ ജോസ് ഫാർറോ, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ജെറമി ഡേവിസ് എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന ബാൻഡ് രൂപവത്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ്, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ടെയ്ലർ യോർക്ക് എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ ബാൻഡിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഓൾ വി നോ ഈസ് ഫോളിങ് (2005), റയട്ട്! (2007), ബ്രാൻഡ് ന്യൂ ഐസ് (2009), പാരമോർ (2013), ആഫ്റ്റർ ലാഫർ (2017) എന്നിങ്ങനെ അഞ്ച് സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ബാൻഡ് പുറത്തിറക്കി.   ജെന്നിഫേർസ് ബോഡി (2009) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് വേണ്ടി "ടീനേജേർസ്" എന്ന ഗാനം റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്തു. ഒക്ടോബർ ഫാൾ, ദ് ചാരിയട്ട്, സെറ്റ് യുവർ ഗോൾസ്, ന്യൂ ഫൌണ്ടേഷൻ ഗ്ലോറി തുടങ്ങിയ കലാകാരന്മാരുമൊത്ത് നിരവധി ഗാനങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 2010 ൽ, [[ബി.ഒ.ബി|ബി.ഒ.ബിയുടെ]] "എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ്” ഗാനത്തിൽ സഹകരിച്ചു. ഈ ഗാനം യുഎസ് ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100 ൽ ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി. [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസീലൻഡിലും]] [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലും]] ഈ ഗാനം സ്ഥാനത്ത് എത്തുകയും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയ]], [[കാനഡ]], [[റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്|റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലൻഡ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പത്ത് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടം നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു . ഈ ഗാനത്തിനു തുടർച്ചയായി, “എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ് II” എന്ന ഗാനം അമേരിക്കൻ റാപ്പർ [[എമിനെം|എമിനിമുമായി]] ചേർന്ന് ബി.ഒ.ബി പുറത്തിറക്കി. ഇരുവരും പുതുക്കിയ വരികൾ പാടിയപ്പോൾ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് പാടിയ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ അതേപടി നിലനിർത്തി. ഈ ഗാനത്തിന് [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം|ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡിന്]] നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു.  == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1988 ഡിസംബർ 27 ന് [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ക്രിസ്റ്റി, ജോയി വില്യംസ് ദമ്പതികളുടെ മകളായി ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="PProfile">{{cite web|url=http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/|title=Hayley's Profile|access-date=August 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101063531/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/|archive-date=January 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Iwasaki">{{cite news|last=Iwasaki|first=Scott|title=Paramore is ready for first 'official' tour|url=https://www.deseret.com/2010/5/7/20113342/paramore-is-ready-for-first-official-tour/|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|access-date=May 28, 2010|date=May 6, 2010|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070906/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700030226/Paramore-is-ready-for-first-official-tour.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|access-date=June 10, 2025|last=Leahey|first=Andrew|work=[[AllMusic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415210123/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|archive-date=April 15, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> അവർക്ക് രണ്ട് ഇളയ അർദ്ധസഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.11alive.com/news/article/180832/1/Paramores-Hayley-Williams-mom-engaged-after-surprise-proposal|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams' mom engaged after surprise proposal|last=Watson|first=Jaye|date=March 6, 2011|website=11alive.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410040448/http://www.11alive.com/news/article/180832/1/Paramores-Hayley-Williams-mom-engaged-after-surprise-proposal|archive-date=April 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/hayley-williams-takes-on-amy-winehouse-967808|title=Hayley Williams takes on Amy Winehouse|first=Rick|last=Fulton|newspaper=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|date=February 1, 2008}}</ref> [[നാഷണൽ ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ|നാഷണൽ ബാസ്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ]] കളിക്കാരൻ റോഡ്‌നി ഹുഡ്അവരുടെ ബാല്യകാലത്തെ അയൽക്കാരൻ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/dimemag/rodney-hood-childhood-neighbor-hayley-williams-paramore/|title=Rodney Hood Just Learned His Childhood Neighbor Was Hayley Williams|access-date=April 14, 2022|last=DiFilippo|first=Bill|date=March 27, 2021|work=[[Dime Magazine]]}}</ref> 2002 ൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ വിവാഹമോചനത്തിനുശേഷം, 13 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, അവർ അമ്മയോടൊപ്പം [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ നഗരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/station/hayley-williams-the-flowers-for-vases-descansos-interview/ra.1552481980|title=Hayley Williams: The FLOWERS for VASES / descansos Interview Radio Station on Apple Music|access-date=November 5, 2022|website=Apple Music|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2007-08-30-paramore_N.htm|title=Pop-punkers Paramore find a niche|author=[[Brian Mansfield]]|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=August 20, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1622094/paramore-kings-queen-south.jhtml|title=Paramore Are Set To Become The Kings And Queen Of The South|last=Montgomery|first=James|date=September 23, 2009|publisher=[[MTV]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121091952/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1622094/paramore-kings-queen-south.jhtml|archive-date=November 21, 2011}}</ref> പുതിയ സ്കൂളിൽ, ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റുകളായ ജോഷിനെയും സാക് ഫാരോയെയും കണ്ടുമുട്ടി..<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/paramore-mn0000366681/biography|title=Paramore Biography|access-date=August 16, 2007|website=AllMusic}}</ref><ref name="AP 08">{{Cite news|last=Bayer|first=Jonah|title=Born for This|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|date=February 2008|issue=235}}</ref> ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, വോക്കൽ കോച്ച് ബ്രെറ്റ് മാനിംഗിനൊപ്പം അവർ പാഠങ്ങൾ പഠിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി..<ref name="siren">{{cite interview|subject=Hayley Williams|interviewer=David Walter|title=Youth Gone Wild|date=October 17, 2007|url=http://www.soundthesirens.com/zine/?p=2172|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203075843/http://www.soundthesirens.com/zine/?p=2172|archive-date=February 3, 2013|access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://justforsingers.com/products-by-brett-manning/|title=Products by Brett Manning|access-date=January 20, 2013|website=JustForSingers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106184803/http://justforsingers.com/products-by-brett-manning|archive-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="digital spy1">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/10-things-about/news/a452563/ten-things-about-paramore/|title=Ten Things About... Paramore|access-date=November 4, 2017|last=Lauren|first=Sexton|date=January 22, 2013|website=Digital Spy}}</ref> സ്കൂളിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ, വില്യംസ് ''ദി ഫാക്ടറി'' എന്ന പ്രാദേശിക ഫങ്ക് കവർ ബാൻഡിനായി ശ്രമിക്കുകയും അവിടെ അവർ ഭാവിയിലെ ''പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റ്'' ആയ ജെറമി ഡേവിസിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="AP 082">{{Cite news|last=Bayer|first=Jonah|title=Born for This|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|date=February 2008|issue=235}}</ref><ref name="digital spy12">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/10-things-about/news/a452563/ten-things-about-paramore/|title=Ten Things About... Paramore|access-date=November 4, 2017|last=Lauren|first=Sexton|date=January 22, 2013|website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref name="funk">{{cite interview|subject=Hayley Williams|subject2=Josh Farro|interviewer=Joshua Martin|title=ASL's Exclusive Interview With Paramore|date=June 26, 2007|url=http://www.socialitelife.com/2007/06/26/asls_exclusive_interview_with_paramore.php|access-date=October 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034755/http://www.socialitelife.com/2007/06/26/asls_exclusive_interview_with_paramore.php|archive-date=October 19, 2007}}</ref>  === ഫീച്ചേർഡ് സിംഗിൾസ് === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! rowspan="2" | Title ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="10" | Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Certifications<br> <small>([[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീതജ്ഞർ|sales threshold]])</small> ! rowspan="2" | Album |- style="font-size: smaller;" ! style="width: 30px;" | US ! style="width: 30px;" | AUS ! style="width: 30px;" | AUT ! style="width: 30px;" | CAN ! style="width: 30px;" | GER ! style="width: 30px;" | IRE ! style="width: 30px;" | NZ ! style="width: 30px;" | SWE ! style="width: 30px;" | SWI ! style="width: 30px;" | UK |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes"<br> <small>(B.o.</small><small>B featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=B.O.B&ti=Airplanes#search_section|title=''RIAA'' Certifications for B.o.B|access-date=July 15, 2010|publisher=''Billboard''}}</ref> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAusCalifornia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|title=ARIA Charts – Top 50 Singles Chart|access-date=June 20, 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305231011/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=March 5, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI Certified Awards Search|accessdate=September 4, 2013|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|format=insert "BoB" into the search box, select "Keyword" on the "Search by" drop-down menu and then select "Go"|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040853/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|archivedate=June 4, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=B.o.B|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: B.o.B|access-date=May 25, 2012|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|language=de}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – January 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php|date=October 29, 2013}}. Cria.ca. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> * RIANZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|title=Latest Gold & Platinum Singles: New Zealand|access-date=October 20, 2009|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144010/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''B.o.B Presents:<br> The Adventures of Bobby Ray'' |- ! scope="row" | "Stay the Night"<br> <small>([[സെദ്ദ്|Zedd]] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2013 | 18 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 47 | 56 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|title=American certifications – Zedd|access-date=August 31, 2013|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113953/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm|title=ARIA Charts – 2013 Accreditations|access-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|title=BPI certified Awards|access-date=May 9, 2014|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EEYfYVwc?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''Clarity'' |- ! scope="row" | "Vicious Love"<br> <small>(New Found Glory featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Resurrection: Ascension'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bury It"<br> <small>(Chvrches featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Every Open Eye'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി സഹകരിച്ച് നിർമിച്ച ഗാനങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Title ! Year ! Album |- ! scope="row" | "Keep Dreaming Upside Down"<ref name="Oct Fall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/14_songs_featuring_the_amazing_specimen_that_is_hayley_williams|title=14 songs featuring the incredible Hayley Williams|access-date=August 21, 2017|publisher=altpress.com}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Fall October Fall] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2006 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Season_in_Hell_(album) A Season in Hell]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Then Came to Kill"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-chariot-the-fiancee/|title=The Chariot The Fiancee|publisher=pop matters|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chariot_(band) The Chariot] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fianc%C3%A9e_(album) The Fiancée]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Church Channel"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|title=The Church Channel – Say Anything Feat. Hayley Williams|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603222620/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_Anything_(band) Say Anything] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_the_Genre In Defense of the Genre]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Plea"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|title=Plea - Say Anything feat. Hayley Willams and Kenny Vasoli|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233118/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>(Say Anything featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Vasoli Kenny Vasoli])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/death-in-the-park-ep/id289709999|title=Death In the Park - EP|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2008 | ''Death In The Park EP'' |- ! scope="row" | "Tangled Up"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/hayley-williams/id256673270|title=Hayley Williams}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Found_Glory New Found Glory] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Without_a_Fight Not Without a Fight]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Few That Remain"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/31441/Set-Your-Goals-This-Will-Be-the-Death-of-Us/|title=Set Your Goals This Will Be the Death of Us|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Your_Goals_(band) Set Your Goals] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Will_Be_the_Death_of_Us This Will Be the Death of Us]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes, Part II"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|title=B.O.B'S 'Airplanes (Part II),' Featuring Eminem And Hayley Williams, Hits The Net|last=Stephen Roberts|publisher=mtv|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075112/http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.]</small><small>[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B] featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B_Presents:_The_Adventures_of_Bobby_Ray B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/09/free-death-in-park-feat-hayley-williams.html|title=Death in the Park (Feat Hayley Williams)|publisher=Alter The Press!|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Death In The Park'' |- ! scope="row" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Connection Rainbow Connection]"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://popcrush.com/weezer-hayley-williams-rainbow-connection-muppets-album/|title=Weezer and Hayley Williams Sing ‘Rainbow Connection’ for New Muppets Album|last=Cristin Maher|publisher=popcrush|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer Weezer] and Hayley Williams)</small> | 2011 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets:_The_Green_Album Muppets: The Green Album]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fox's Dream of the Log Flume"<ref name="mewithoutYou releases new song">{{Cite news|url=http://sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=21661|title=mewithoutYou releases new song|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MewithoutYou MewithoutYou] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="4" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Stories Ten Stories]'' |- ! scope="row" | "All Circles"<br> <small>(MewithoutYou featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Daniel Smith] of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Danielson])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Babe"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/47407/media-whats-eating-gilbert-new-found-glory-babe-ft-hayley-williams|title=What's Eating Gilbert (New Found Glory): “Babe” ft. Hayley Williams|last=John Flynn|publisher=Punknews.org|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Nashville Session'' |- ! scope="row" | "What's His Name"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://domestikated.bandcamp.com/track/whats-his-name-feat-becca|title=What's His Name|publisher=domestikated|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Domestikated featuring Becca (Hayley Williams))</small> | ''Five Minutes in Timeout!'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wearing Your Ring"<ref name="That New Sound You're Looking For review">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150727/new-found-glory-guitarists-side-project-whats-eating-gilbert-specializes-in-bright-snappy-guitar-tunes|title=New Found Glory guitarist's side project What's Eating Gilbert specializes in bright, snappy guitar tunes}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_New_Sound_You%27re_Looking_For That New Sound You're Looking For]'' |- ! scope="row" | "As U Wave"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_featured_on_new_halfnoise_zac_farro_songlisten|title=Hayley Williams featured on new HalfNoise (Zac Farro)|author=Jordan Toney|publisher=altpress|accessdate=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalfNoise HalfNoise] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2017 | ''The Velvet Face EP'' |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും നാമനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും == {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Association ! Category ! Work ! Result |- style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2007] | rowspan="2" | Sexiest Female Front Singer<ref name="Kerrang! '07">{{Cite news |title=Kerrang! 2007 Readers' Poll |magazine=[[Kerrang!]] |date= December 12, 2007 }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2008 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2008] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|title=7th Annual "Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008" Awards - Press...|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205253/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Brazil MTV Video Music Brazil] | Best International Act 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|title=Paramore Tickets|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|date=|publisher=www.ticketsmate.com|archive-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073758/http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="vmb-2008-paramore">{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-prêmio-de-artista-internacional|title=Clipes, Playlists, Reality TV, Notícias sobre Artistas, Shows, Promoções &#124; MTV Brasil|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|author2=|date=February 10, 2008|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091813/http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-pr%C3%AAmio-de-artista-internacional|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2009 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2009<ref name="sonicaster.com">{{cite web|url=http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|title=Nominados para los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2008|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 15, 2008|publisher=Sonicaster|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104150/http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards Shockwaves NME Awards 2009] | rowspan="3" | Sexiest Female<ref name="radio1045/">{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2009] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="6" | 2010 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2010] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards 2010 MTV Video Music Awards] | Video of the Year<ref name="mtv awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|title=Drake, B.O.B Lead Celebs' Picks For Bwst Hip hop Video VMA|publisher=mtv|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.B] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Hip-Hop Video<ref name="mtv awards" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/video-of-the-year.html|title=Video of the Year|accessdate=November 21, 2011|publisher=BET}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards_2010 Teen Choice Awards 2010] | Hook Up Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a258411/teen-choice-awards-2010-music-winners/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Music Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 52nd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uproxx.com/hitfix/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list/|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|author1=[[HitFix]]|date=January 31, 2010|work=[[Uproxx]]|publisher=[[Woven Digital]]|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decode_(song) Decode]" – Williams, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Farro Josh Farro] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_York Taylor York] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" | 2011 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2011] | Sexiest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_People%27s_Choice_Awards 37th People's Choice Awards] | Favorite Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners/|title=People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan="3" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_Awards BET Awards 2011] | Video of the Year<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |title=53rd Grammy Awards – Final Nomination List |publisher=[[Grammy]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214033514/http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2010 }}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes,_Part_II Airplanes, Part II]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |2012 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2012] | Sexiest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|title=The Kerrang! Awards Fuelled By Relentless Energy Drink 2012 – The Winners!|date=June 7, 2012|work=Kerrang!|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68XjziYxZ?url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|archivedate=June 19, 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=June 7, 2012|df=}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards_2012 NME Awards 2012] | rowspan="2" |Hottest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2012] | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Tweeter of the Year<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang!] [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Awards 2013] | Hottest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a490031/kerrang-awards-2013-winners-biffy-clyro-fall-out-boy-triumph/|title=Kerrang! Awards 2013 winners: Biffy Clyro, Fall Out Boy triumph|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan=4 {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" |2014 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2014] |Best Singer<ref name="ALTpressIV">''Alternative Press'': [http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/idobi_radio_added_as_official_apmas_radio_station idobi Radio added as official APMAs radio station]</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards iHeartRadio Music Awards] |EDM Song of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|title=iHeartRadio Music Awards Articles|work=iHeartRadio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506052132/http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|archivedate=May 6, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_The_Night_(Zedd_song) Stay the Night]"<small> (featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedd_(musician) Zedd] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards MTV Video Music Awards 2014] |Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232755/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |MTV Clubland Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232830/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="5" {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music Billboard Women in Music] | Trailblazer Award<ref name="trailblazer">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6319562/paramore-hayley-williams-trailblazer-billboard-women-in-music-awards|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams to Receive Trailblazer Honor at Billboard Women in Music Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2014|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | Herself |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" |2015 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards 57th Annual Grammy Awards] |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Rock_Song Best Rock Song]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/making-paramores-aint-it-fun|title=The Making Of Paramore's "Ain't It Fun"|publisher=}}</ref> |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Fun_(Paramore_song) Ain't It Fun]" – Williams and Taylor York |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2015] |Best Tweeter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/|title=THE RELENTLESS KERRANG! AWARDS 2015 WINNERS LIST|accessdate=June 12, 2015|last1=Carter|first1=Emily|website=Kerrang!}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Herself |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2015] |Best Vocalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_wins_the_apma_for_best_vocalist|title=Hayley Williams wins the APMA for Best Vocalist|accessdate=July 5, 2015|last1=Obenschain|first1=Philip|website=altpress}}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == {{reflist|30em}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ Hayley William's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125749/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ |date=2012-02-07 }} Profile on [http://www.paramore.net Paramore.net] * {{wikiquote-inline|Hayley Williams|Hayley Williams}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1988-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] 4szz4564swcs55go0bueyd7yjdjl4z3 4644410 4644407 2026-07-08T10:57:07Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് | image = ParamoreO2200423 (58 of 88) (52833506157) (cropped).jpg | caption = വില്യംസ് 2023-ൽ സംഗീതം അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നു | birth_name = ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|12|27}} | birth_place = [[മെറിഡിയൻ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]], [[യു.എസ്.]] | occupations = {{flatlist| * ഗായിക * സംഗീതജ്ഞ * ഗാനരചയിതാവ് }} | years_active = 2003–തുടരുന്നു | spouse = {{marriage|[[ചാഡ് ഗിൽബെർട്ട്]]|2016|2017|reason=divorced}}<!-- Do not add partners without a reliable source. We need solid evidence that they are in a relationship. Any unsourced additions will be promptly removed. --> | website = {{URL|hayleywilliams.net}} | origin = [[ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ]], [[ടെന്നസി]], [[യു.എസ്.]] | instruments = {{flatlist| * വോക്കൽസ് * കീബോർഡുകൾ * ഗിറ്റാർ * ബാസ് *drums<!--- If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first per: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_musical_artist#instrument---> }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[പോപ്പ്-പങ്ക്]] * [[ഇമോ]] * [[പോപ്പ് റോക്ക്]] * [[ആൾട്ടർനേറ്റീവ് റോക്ക്]] * [[പവർ പോപ്പ്]] * [[ആർട്ട് പോപ്പ്]] * [[New wave music|ന്യൂ വേവ്]] * [[സിന്ത്-പോപ്പ്]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[ഫ്യുവൽഡ് ബൈ റാമെൻ]] * [[Atlantic Records|അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക്]] * പോസ്റ്റ് അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക് }} | current_member_of = {{flatlist| * [[പാരമോർ]] * പവർ സ്നാച്ച് }} | background = }} '''ഹെയ്ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ്''' (ജനനം ഡിസംബർ 27, 1988) ഒരു [[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ഗായികയും, ഗാനരചയിതാവും, സംഗീതജ്ഞയുമാണ്. [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന റോക്ക് ബാൻഡിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗായികയും, മുഖ്യ ഗാനരചയിതാവുമാണ് അവർ. [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ജനിച്ച വില്യംസ് തൻ്റെ പതിനാലാം വയസ്സിൽ മാതാപിതാക്കൾ വിവാഹമോചിതരായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നീസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി. പിന്നീട് 2004-ൽ ജോസ് ഫാർറോ, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ജെറമി ഡേവിസ് എന്നിവരോടൊപ്പം [[പാരമോർ]] എന്ന ബാൻഡ് രൂപവത്കരിച്ചു. നിലവിൽ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ്, സാക് ഫാർറോ, ടെയ്ലർ യോർക്ക് എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ ബാൻഡിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഓൾ വി നോ ഈസ് ഫോളിങ് (2005), റയട്ട്! (2007), ബ്രാൻഡ് ന്യൂ ഐസ് (2009), പാരമോർ (2013), ആഫ്റ്റർ ലാഫർ (2017) എന്നിങ്ങനെ അഞ്ച് സ്റ്റുഡിയോ ആൽബങ്ങൾ ബാൻഡ് പുറത്തിറക്കി.   ജെന്നിഫേർസ് ബോഡി (2009) എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് വേണ്ടി "ടീനേജേർസ്" എന്ന ഗാനം റെക്കോർഡ് ചെയ്തു. ഒക്ടോബർ ഫാൾ, ദ് ചാരിയട്ട്, സെറ്റ് യുവർ ഗോൾസ്, ന്യൂ ഫൌണ്ടേഷൻ ഗ്ലോറി തുടങ്ങിയ കലാകാരന്മാരുമൊത്ത് നിരവധി ഗാനങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 2010 ൽ, [[ബി.ഒ.ബി|ബി.ഒ.ബിയുടെ]] "എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ്” ഗാനത്തിൽ സഹകരിച്ചു. ഈ ഗാനം യുഎസ് ബിൽബോർഡ് ഹോട്ട് 100 ൽ ചാർട്ടിൽ ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനത്തെത്തി. [[ന്യൂസീലൻഡ്|ന്യൂസീലൻഡിലും]] [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം|യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലും]] ഈ ഗാനം സ്ഥാനത്ത് എത്തുകയും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ|ഓസ്‌ട്രേലിയ]], [[കാനഡ]], [[റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്|റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലൻഡ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പത്ത് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടം നേടുകയും ചെയ്തു . ഈ ഗാനത്തിനു തുടർച്ചയായി, “എയർപ്ലേയിൻസ് II” എന്ന ഗാനം അമേരിക്കൻ റാപ്പർ [[എമിനെം|എമിനിമുമായി]] ചേർന്ന് ബി.ഒ.ബി പുറത്തിറക്കി. ഇരുവരും പുതുക്കിയ വരികൾ പാടിയപ്പോൾ ഹെയ്ലി വില്യംസ് പാടിയ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ അതേപടി നിലനിർത്തി. ഈ ഗാനത്തിന് [[ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാരം|ഗ്രാമി അവാർഡിന്]] നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു.  == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1988 ഡിസംബർ 27 ന് [[മിസിസിപ്പി|മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ]] മെറിഡിയനിൽ ക്രിസ്റ്റി, ജോയി വില്യംസ് ദമ്പതികളുടെ മകളായി ഹെയ്‌ലി നിക്കോൾ വില്യംസ് ജനിച്ചു.<ref name="PProfile">{{cite web|url=http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/|title=Hayley's Profile|access-date=August 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101063531/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/|archive-date=January 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Iwasaki">{{cite news|last=Iwasaki|first=Scott|title=Paramore is ready for first 'official' tour|url=https://www.deseret.com/2010/5/7/20113342/paramore-is-ready-for-first-official-tour/|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|access-date=May 28, 2010|date=May 6, 2010|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070906/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700030226/Paramore-is-ready-for-first-official-tour.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Hayley Williams Bio allmusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|title=Hayley Williams Bio|access-date=June 10, 2025|last=Leahey|first=Andrew|work=[[AllMusic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415210123/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hayley-williams-mn0000364537|archive-date=April 15, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> അവർക്ക് രണ്ട് ഇളയ അർദ്ധസഹോദരിമാരുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.11alive.com/news/article/180832/1/Paramores-Hayley-Williams-mom-engaged-after-surprise-proposal|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams' mom engaged after surprise proposal|last=Watson|first=Jaye|date=March 6, 2011|website=11alive.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410040448/http://www.11alive.com/news/article/180832/1/Paramores-Hayley-Williams-mom-engaged-after-surprise-proposal|archive-date=April 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/hayley-williams-takes-on-amy-winehouse-967808|title=Hayley Williams takes on Amy Winehouse|first=Rick|last=Fulton|newspaper=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|date=February 1, 2008}}</ref> [[നാഷണൽ ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ|നാഷണൽ ബാസ്കറ്റ്ബോൾ അസോസിയേഷൻ]] കളിക്കാരൻ റോഡ്‌നി ഹുഡ്അവരുടെ ബാല്യകാലത്തെ അയൽക്കാരൻ ആയിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/dimemag/rodney-hood-childhood-neighbor-hayley-williams-paramore/|title=Rodney Hood Just Learned His Childhood Neighbor Was Hayley Williams|access-date=April 14, 2022|last=DiFilippo|first=Bill|date=March 27, 2021|work=[[Dime Magazine]]}}</ref> 2002 ൽ മാതാപിതാക്കളുടെ വിവാഹമോചനത്തിനുശേഷം, 13 വയസ്സുള്ളപ്പോൾ, അവർ അമ്മയോടൊപ്പം [[ടെന്നസി|ടെന്നസിയിലെ]] ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ നഗരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് താമസം മാറി..<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/station/hayley-williams-the-flowers-for-vases-descansos-interview/ra.1552481980|title=Hayley Williams: The FLOWERS for VASES / descansos Interview Radio Station on Apple Music|access-date=November 5, 2022|website=Apple Music|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2007-08-30-paramore_N.htm|title=Pop-punkers Paramore find a niche|author=[[Brian Mansfield]]|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=August 20, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1622094/paramore-kings-queen-south.jhtml|title=Paramore Are Set To Become The Kings And Queen Of The South|last=Montgomery|first=James|date=September 23, 2009|publisher=[[MTV]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121091952/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1622094/paramore-kings-queen-south.jhtml|archive-date=November 21, 2011}}</ref> പുതിയ സ്കൂളിൽ, ഭാവിയിലെ പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റുകളായ ജോഷിനെയും സാക് ഫാരോയെയും കണ്ടുമുട്ടി..<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/paramore-mn0000366681/biography|title=Paramore Biography|access-date=August 16, 2007|website=AllMusic}}</ref><ref name="AP 08">{{Cite news|last=Bayer|first=Jonah|title=Born for This|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|date=February 2008|issue=235}}</ref> ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, വോക്കൽ കോച്ച് ബ്രെറ്റ് മാനിംഗിനൊപ്പം അവർ പാഠങ്ങൾ പഠിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി..<ref name="siren">{{cite interview|subject=Hayley Williams|interviewer=David Walter|title=Youth Gone Wild|date=October 17, 2007|url=http://www.soundthesirens.com/zine/?p=2172|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203075843/http://www.soundthesirens.com/zine/?p=2172|archive-date=February 3, 2013|access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://justforsingers.com/products-by-brett-manning/|title=Products by Brett Manning|access-date=January 20, 2013|website=JustForSingers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106184803/http://justforsingers.com/products-by-brett-manning|archive-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="digital spy1">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/10-things-about/news/a452563/ten-things-about-paramore/|title=Ten Things About... Paramore|access-date=November 4, 2017|last=Lauren|first=Sexton|date=January 22, 2013|website=Digital Spy}}</ref> സ്കൂളിൽ പഠിക്കുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ, വില്യംസ് ''ദി ഫാക്ടറി'' എന്ന പ്രാദേശിക ഫങ്ക് കവർ ബാൻഡിനായി ശ്രമിക്കുകയും അവിടെ അവർ ഭാവിയിലെ ''പാരമോർ ബാൻഡ്‌മേറ്റ്'' ആയ ജെറമി ഡേവിസിനെ കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="AP 082">{{Cite news|last=Bayer|first=Jonah|title=Born for This|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|date=February 2008|issue=235}}</ref><ref name="digital spy12">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/10-things-about/news/a452563/ten-things-about-paramore/|title=Ten Things About... Paramore|access-date=November 4, 2017|last=Lauren|first=Sexton|date=January 22, 2013|website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref name="funk">{{cite interview|subject=Hayley Williams|subject2=Josh Farro|interviewer=Joshua Martin|title=ASL's Exclusive Interview With Paramore|date=June 26, 2007|url=http://www.socialitelife.com/2007/06/26/asls_exclusive_interview_with_paramore.php|access-date=October 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034755/http://www.socialitelife.com/2007/06/26/asls_exclusive_interview_with_paramore.php|archive-date=October 19, 2007}}</ref>  === ഫീച്ചേർഡ് സിംഗിൾസ് === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! rowspan="2" | Title ! rowspan="2" | Year ! colspan="10" | Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Certifications<br> <small>([[ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആൽബങ്ങൾ വിറ്റഴിച്ച സംഗീതജ്ഞർ|sales threshold]])</small> ! rowspan="2" | Album |- style="font-size: smaller;" ! style="width: 30px;" | US ! style="width: 30px;" | AUS ! style="width: 30px;" | AUT ! style="width: 30px;" | CAN ! style="width: 30px;" | GER ! style="width: 30px;" | IRE ! style="width: 30px;" | NZ ! style="width: 30px;" | SWE ! style="width: 30px;" | SWI ! style="width: 30px;" | UK |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes"<br> <small>(B.o.</small><small>B featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2010 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=B.O.B&ti=Airplanes#search_section|title=''RIAA'' Certifications for B.o.B|access-date=July 15, 2010|publisher=''Billboard''}}</ref> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAusCalifornia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|title=ARIA Charts – Top 50 Singles Chart|access-date=June 20, 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305231011/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=March 5, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI Certified Awards Search|accessdate=September 4, 2013|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|format=insert "BoB" into the search box, select "Keyword" on the "Search by" drop-down menu and then select "Go"|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604040853/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|archivedate=June 4, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=B.o.B|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: B.o.B|access-date=May 25, 2012|publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]|language=de}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref>[http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – January 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215339/http://www.cria.ca/gold/1010_g.php|date=October 29, 2013}}. Cria.ca. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> * RIANZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|title=Latest Gold & Platinum Singles: New Zealand|access-date=October 20, 2009|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144010/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''B.o.B Presents:<br> The Adventures of Bobby Ray'' |- ! scope="row" | "Stay the Night"<br> <small>([[സെദ്ദ്|Zedd]] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2013 | 18 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 47 | 56 | 2 | style="text-align:left;" | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|title=American certifications – Zedd|access-date=August 31, 2013|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113953/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?&artist=%22Zedd%22|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm|title=ARIA Charts – 2013 Accreditations|access-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|title=BPI certified Awards|access-date=May 9, 2014|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EEYfYVwc?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx|archive-date=February 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ''Clarity'' |- ! scope="row" | "Vicious Love"<br> <small>(New Found Glory featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Resurrection: Ascension'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bury It"<br> <small>(Chvrches featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |''Every Open Eye'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായി സഹകരിച്ച് നിർമിച്ച ഗാനങ്ങൾ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Title ! Year ! Album |- ! scope="row" | "Keep Dreaming Upside Down"<ref name="Oct Fall">{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/14_songs_featuring_the_amazing_specimen_that_is_hayley_williams|title=14 songs featuring the incredible Hayley Williams|access-date=August 21, 2017|publisher=altpress.com}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Fall October Fall] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2006 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Season_in_Hell_(album) A Season in Hell]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Then Came to Kill"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-chariot-the-fiancee/|title=The Chariot The Fiancee|publisher=pop matters|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chariot_(band) The Chariot] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fianc%C3%A9e_(album) The Fiancée]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Church Channel"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|title=The Church Channel – Say Anything Feat. Hayley Williams|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603222620/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/the-church-channel-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_Anything_(band) Say Anything] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_the_Genre In Defense of the Genre]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Plea"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|title=Plea - Say Anything feat. Hayley Willams and Kenny Vasoli|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603233118/http://www.paramore.com.br/letra/plea-say-anything-feat-hayley-williams-kenny-vasoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>(Say Anything featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Vasoli Kenny Vasoli])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/death-in-the-park-ep/id289709999|title=Death In the Park - EP|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2008 | ''Death In The Park EP'' |- ! scope="row" | "Tangled Up"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/hayley-williams/id256673270|title=Hayley Williams}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Found_Glory New Found Glory] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="2" | 2009 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Without_a_Fight Not Without a Fight]'' |- ! scope="row" | "The Few That Remain"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/31441/Set-Your-Goals-This-Will-Be-the-Death-of-Us/|title=Set Your Goals This Will Be the Death of Us|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Your_Goals_(band) Set Your Goals] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Will_Be_the_Death_of_Us This Will Be the Death of Us]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Airplanes, Part II"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|title=B.O.B'S 'Airplanes (Part II),' Featuring Eminem And Hayley Williams, Hits The Net|last=Stephen Roberts|publisher=mtv|access-date=July 2, 2017|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075112/http://www.mtv.com/news/1637371/bobs-airplanes-part-ii-featuring-eminem-and-hayley-williams-hits-the-net/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.]</small><small>[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B] featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B_Presents:_The_Adventures_of_Bobby_Ray B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fallen"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2010/09/free-death-in-park-feat-hayley-williams.html|title=Death in the Park (Feat Hayley Williams)|publisher=Alter The Press!|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Death In The Park featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Death In The Park'' |- ! scope="row" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Connection Rainbow Connection]"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://popcrush.com/weezer-hayley-williams-rainbow-connection-muppets-album/|title=Weezer and Hayley Williams Sing ‘Rainbow Connection’ for New Muppets Album|last=Cristin Maher|publisher=popcrush|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer Weezer] and Hayley Williams)</small> | 2011 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets:_The_Green_Album Muppets: The Green Album]'' |- ! scope="row" | "Fox's Dream of the Log Flume"<ref name="mewithoutYou releases new song">{{Cite news|url=http://sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=21661|title=mewithoutYou releases new song|publisher=Sputnikmusic}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MewithoutYou MewithoutYou] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | rowspan="4" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Stories Ten Stories]'' |- ! scope="row" | "All Circles"<br> <small>(MewithoutYou featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Daniel Smith] of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielson Danielson])</small> |- ! scope="row" | "Babe"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/47407/media-whats-eating-gilbert-new-found-glory-babe-ft-hayley-williams|title=What's Eating Gilbert (New Found Glory): “Babe” ft. Hayley Williams|last=John Flynn|publisher=Punknews.org|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | ''Nashville Session'' |- ! scope="row" | "What's His Name"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://domestikated.bandcamp.com/track/whats-his-name-feat-becca|title=What's His Name|publisher=domestikated|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>(Domestikated featuring Becca (Hayley Williams))</small> | ''Five Minutes in Timeout!'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wearing Your Ring"<ref name="That New Sound You're Looking For review">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/arts-and-entertainment/20150727/new-found-glory-guitarists-side-project-whats-eating-gilbert-specializes-in-bright-snappy-guitar-tunes|title=New Found Glory guitarist's side project What's Eating Gilbert specializes in bright, snappy guitar tunes}}</ref><br> <small>(What's Eating Gilbert featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2015 | ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_New_Sound_You%27re_Looking_For That New Sound You're Looking For]'' |- ! scope="row" | "As U Wave"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_featured_on_new_halfnoise_zac_farro_songlisten|title=Hayley Williams featured on new HalfNoise (Zac Farro)|author=Jordan Toney|publisher=altpress|accessdate=July 2, 2017}}</ref><br> <small>([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalfNoise HalfNoise] featuring Hayley Williams)</small> | 2017 | ''The Velvet Face EP'' |} == പുരസ്കാരങ്ങളും നാമനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളും == {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Association ! Category ! Work ! Result |- style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2007] | rowspan="2" | Sexiest Female Front Singer<ref name="Kerrang! '07">{{Cite news |title=Kerrang! 2007 Readers' Poll |magazine=[[Kerrang!]] |date= December 12, 2007 }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2008 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2008] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|title=7th Annual "Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008" Awards - Press...|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205253/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008-awards-press-room-83264272#musical-group-paramore-arrives-at-the-7th-annual-los-premios-mtv-picture-id83880927|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Brazil MTV Video Music Brazil] | Best International Act 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|title=Paramore Tickets|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|date=|publisher=www.ticketsmate.com|archive-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073758/http://www.excite.com/events/concert-tickets/Paramore/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="vmb-2008-paramore">{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-prêmio-de-artista-internacional|title=Clipes, Playlists, Reality TV, Notícias sobre Artistas, Shows, Promoções &#124; MTV Brasil|accessdate=November 4, 2017|last=|first=|author2=|date=February 10, 2008|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091813/http://mtv.uol.com.br/noticias/vmb-2008-paramore-agradece-pr%C3%AAmio-de-artista-internacional|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | 2009 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Premios_MTV_Latinoam%C3%A9rica Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica] | Premio Fashionista 2009<ref name="sonicaster.com">{{cite web|url=http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|title=Nominados para los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2008|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 15, 2008|publisher=Sonicaster|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104150/http://sonicaster.com/2008/09/nominados-para-los-premiso-mtv-latinoamerica-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards Shockwaves NME Awards 2009] | rowspan="3" | Sexiest Female<ref name="radio1045/">{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2009] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="6" | 2010 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2010] | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards 2010 MTV Video Music Awards] | Video of the Year<ref name="mtv awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|title=Drake, B.O.B Lead Celebs' Picks For Bwst Hip hop Video VMA|publisher=mtv|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2017-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1647387/drake-bob-lead-celebs-picks-for-best-hip-hop-video-vma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.o.B B.o.B] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Hip-Hop Video<ref name="mtv awards" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/video-of-the-year.html|title=Video of the Year|accessdate=November 21, 2011|publisher=BET}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards_2010 Teen Choice Awards 2010] | Hook Up Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a258411/teen-choice-awards-2010-music-winners/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Music Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 52nd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uproxx.com/hitfix/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list/|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|author1=[[HitFix]]|date=January 31, 2010|work=[[Uproxx]]|publisher=[[Woven Digital]]|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decode_(song) Decode]" – Williams, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Farro Josh Farro] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_York Taylor York] | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" | 2011 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2011] | Sexiest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio1045.iheart.com/photos/bands/20-things-you-may-not-know-412279/#/9/23504863|title=20 Things You May Not Know About Hayley Williams|publisher=}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_People%27s_Choice_Awards 37th People's Choice Awards] | Favorite Song<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners/|title=People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan="3" | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes_(song) Airplanes]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_Awards BET Awards 2011] | Video of the Year<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Best Collaboration<ref name="BET" /> | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards] | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |title=53rd Grammy Awards – Final Nomination List |publisher=[[Grammy]] |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214033514/http://www.grammy.com/files/53rdpresslist113010.pdf |archivedate=December 14, 2010 }}</ref> | "[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplanes,_Part_II Airplanes, Part II]" <small>(featuring Hayley Williams and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem Eminem])</small> – B.o.B | {{nom}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |2012 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang Kerrang Readers' Poll 2012] | Sexiest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|title=The Kerrang! Awards Fuelled By Relentless Energy Drink 2012 – The Winners!|date=June 7, 2012|work=Kerrang!|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68XjziYxZ?url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/06/the_kerrang_awards_fuelled_by_1.html|archivedate=June 19, 2012|url-status=dead|accessdate=June 7, 2012|df=}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Herself | {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME_Awards_2012 NME Awards 2012] | rowspan="2" |Hottest Female<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2012] | {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | Tweeter of the Year<ref name="Kerrang! Awards" /> | {{Won}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang!] [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Awards 2013] | Hottest Female<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a490031/kerrang-awards-2013-winners-biffy-clyro-fall-out-boy-triumph/|title=Kerrang! Awards 2013 winners: Biffy Clyro, Fall Out Boy triumph|publisher=digitalspy}}</ref> | rowspan=4 {{Nominated}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="5" |2014 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2014] |Best Singer<ref name="ALTpressIV">''Alternative Press'': [http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/idobi_radio_added_as_official_apmas_radio_station idobi Radio added as official APMAs radio station]</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards iHeartRadio Music Awards] |EDM Song of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|title=iHeartRadio Music Awards Articles|work=iHeartRadio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506052132/http://news.iheart.com/awards/highlights.html?article=12310600|archivedate=May 6, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_The_Night_(Zedd_song) Stay the Night]"<small> (featuring Hayley Williams)</small> – [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedd_(musician) Zedd] |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards MTV Video Music Awards 2014] |Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232755/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/best-editing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="text-align:center;" |MTV Clubland Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|title=MTV Video Music Awards - Show Highlights, Winners, Performers, Hosts and More From Past Video Music Awards - MTV.com|work=mtv.com|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2014-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719232830/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/mtv-clubland-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="5" {{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music Billboard Women in Music] | Trailblazer Award<ref name="trailblazer">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6319562/paramore-hayley-williams-trailblazer-billboard-women-in-music-awards|title=Paramore's Hayley Williams to Receive Trailblazer Honor at Billboard Women in Music Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2014|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | Herself |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="3" |2015 |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards 57th Annual Grammy Awards] |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Rock_Song Best Rock Song]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/making-paramores-aint-it-fun|title=The Making Of Paramore's "Ain't It Fun"|publisher=}}</ref> |"[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Fun_(Paramore_song) Ain't It Fun]" – Williams and Taylor York |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards Kerrang! Awards 2015] |Best Tweeter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/|title=THE RELENTLESS KERRANG! AWARDS 2015 WINNERS LIST|accessdate=June 12, 2015|last1=Carter|first1=Emily|website=Kerrang!}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Herself |- style="text-align:center;" |[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Press_(music_magazine) Alternative Press Music Awards 2015] |Best Vocalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/hayley_williams_wins_the_apma_for_best_vocalist|title=Hayley Williams wins the APMA for Best Vocalist|accessdate=July 5, 2015|last1=Obenschain|first1=Philip|website=altpress}}</ref> |} == അവലംബം == {{reflist|30em}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ Hayley William's] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207125749/http://www.paramore.net/member/i/19150/ |date=2012-02-07 }} Profile on [http://www.paramore.net Paramore.net] * {{wikiquote-inline|Hayley Williams|Hayley Williams}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1988-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഗ്രാമി പുരസ്കാര ജേതാക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] 16k5vnlt8a2e7z63ho1bz97c0nplkqh 0 413326 4644273 3802413 2026-07-07T21:30:58Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = ഒക്റ്റേവിയ സ്പെൻസർ |image ="Hidden Figures" Screening at the White House (NHQ201612150008) (cropped).jpg |image size = |caption= ഒക്റ്റേവിയ സ്പെൻസർ,[[വൈറ്റ് ഹൗസ്|വൈറ്റ് ഹൗസിൽ]] , 2016 |birth_name=ഒക്റ്റേവിയ ലെനോറ സ്പെൻസർ |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|5|25}} |birth_place = മോണ്ട്ഗോമറി, [[അലബാമ]] |other_names =ഒക്റ്റേവിയ എൽ. സ്പെൻസർ |occupation = നടി, എഴുത്തുകാരി |alma_mater = ഓബൺ സർവ്വകലാശാല |years_active = 1996–തുടരുന്നു |awards = }} ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ നടിയും എഴുത്തുകാരിയുമാണ് '''ഒക്റ്റേവിയ ലെനോറ സ്പെൻസർ''' (ജനനം: മേയ് 25, 1972)<ref>{{cite tweet |last= Spencer |first=Octavia |user=octaviaspencer |number=161932759319842816 |date= January 24, 2012|title=ERM, for some reason I'm being reported as being anywhere from 38-43 yrs old. |access-date=January 11, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140322181413/https://twitter.com/octaviaspencer/status/161932759319842816 |archive-date=March 22, 2014 |url-status=live}} "DOB 5/25/72. that would make me 39 until may 25th, right?"</ref>. ഒരു [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], ഒരു [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് അക്കാഡമി ഫിലിം അവാർഡ്]], ഒരു [[ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ് പുരസ്കാരം]] എന്നിവയുൾപ്പെടെ നിരവധി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മൂന്ന് തവണ അക്കാഡമി അവാർഡുകൾക്കായി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ട രണ്ട് ആഫ്രോ-അമേരിക്കൻ നടിമാരിലൊരാളാണ് ഒക്റ്റേവിയ. തുടർച്ചയായി രണ്ടു തവണ നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ച ഒരേയൊരു കറുത്ത വർഗ്ഗക്കാരിയായ നടിയാണ് ഇവർ<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ew.com/awards/2018/01/23/oscars-octavia-spencer-makes-history-shape-of-water-nomination/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2018-03-02 |archive-date=2018-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303083849/http://ew.com/awards/2018/01/23/oscars-octavia-spencer-makes-history-shape-of-water-nomination/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ==ആദ്യകാലജീവിതം== അലബാമയിലെ മോണ്ട്ഗോമറിയിലാണ് ഒക്റ്റേവിയ ജനിച്ചത്. സഹോദരിമാരായ റോസ, അരീക്ക എന്നിവരുൾപ്പെടെ ആറ് സഹോദരങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്. അമ്മ, ഡെൽസെന സ്പെൻസർ (1945-1988), വീട്ടു ജോലിക്കാരിയായി ജോലിചെയ്തു<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5844739/The-maids-tale-Kathryn-Stockett-examines-slavery-and-racism-in-Americas-Deep-South.html</ref>. ഒക്റ്റേവിയയുടെ പതിമൂന്നാം വയസ്സിൽ പിതാവ് മരിച്ചു. 1988 ൽ ജെഫേഴ്സൺ ഡേവിസ് ഹൈസ്കൂളിൽ നിന്ന് സ്പെൻസർ ബിരുദം നേടി. രണ്ട് വർഷത്തോളം നാടകം പഠിച്ചു. ഔബേൺ സർവകലാശാലയിൽ നിന്ന് ലിബറൽ ആർട്ടുകളിൽ ബാച്ചിലർ ബിരുദം നേടി. [[ഡിസ്‌ലെക്സിയ]] എന്ന അവസ്ഥയുള്ളയാളാണ് സ്പെൻസർ<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW_27V-2oqc</ref>. ==അഭിനയ രംഗത്ത്== 1996 ൽ എ ടൈം ടു കിൽ എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ഒക്റ്റേവിയ ആദ്യമായി സിനിമയിലെത്തി<ref>https://www.ranker.com/list/full-cast-of-a-time-to-kill-actors-and-actresses/reference</ref>. തുടർന്ന് ഒരു ദശാബ്ദത്തിലേറെ സിനിമയിലും ടെലിവിഷനിലും ചെറിയ വേഷങ്ങ്ല് ചെയ്തു. 2011-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി ഹെൽപ്പ് <ref>https://www.today.com/popculture</ref> എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ 1960-ലെ ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ വീട്ടുജോലിക്കാരിയുടെ വേഷം അഭിനയിച്ചതോടെ ഒക്റ്റേവിയ സ്പെൻസർ പ്രശസ്തയായി. മികച്ച സഹനടിക്കുള്ള അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരം, ഗോൾഡൻ ഗ്ലോബ്, ബാഫ്റ്റ എന്നിവ ഈ ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ലഭിച്ചു. പിന്നീട് സ്മാഷ്‌ഡ് (2012), സ്നോ പൈയർ (2013), ഗെറ്റ് ഓൺ അപ് (2014) തുടങ്ങിയ ചിത്രങ്ങളിൽ സ്പെൻസർ ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ വേഷങ്ങൾ ചെയ്തു. 1960 ൽ അമേരിക്കയിൽ രണ്ട് സ്ത്രീകളെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്നതിൽ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച സഹനടിക്കുള്ള അക്കാഡമി അവാർഡിന് നാമനിർദ്ദേശം, 2016 ലെ ഹിഡൺ ഫിഗേഴ്സ് <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/technology/science/-hidden-figures-african-american-human-computers-black-human-computers-space-age-nasa--1.1911450 |title=മാതൃഭൂമി, മേയ് 3, 2017 |access-date=2018-03-02 |archive-date=2017-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916100518/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/technology/science/-hidden-figures-african-american-human-computers-black-human-computers-space-age-nasa--1.1911450 |url-status=dead }}</ref> എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ ഗണിതശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞയായ ഡോറോത്തി വോഗന്റെ വേഷത്തിലൂടെയും 2017-ൽ '[[ഷേപ്പ് ഓഫ് വാട്ടർ]]' എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിൽ ഒരു തൂപ്പുകാരിയുടെ വേഷത്തിലൂടെയും തുടർച്ചയായി രണ്ടു തവണ ഓസ്ക്കാർ നാമനിർദ്ദേശം നേടി. ==എഴുത്തിൽ== ഒരു രചയിതാവ് എന്ന നിലയിൽ, ''റാൻഡി റോഡസ്, നിൻജാ ഡിറ്റക്റ്റീവ്'' എന്ന കുട്ടികളുടെ പുസ്തക പരമ്പര ആരംഭിച്ചു. ദ കേസ് ഓഫ് ദ ടൈം-കാപ്സ്യൂൾ ബാൻഡിറ്റ് (2013), ദ് സ്വീറ്റസ്റ്റ് ഹീസ്റ്റ് ഇൻ ഹിസ്റ്ററി (2015) എന്നിവയാണ് ഈ പരമ്പരയിലെ രണ്ട് പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/01/16/octavia-spencer-book-cover-reveal/1841193/</ref>. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== *{{IMDb name|818055}} *[http://backstage.blogs.com/blogstage/2010/05/perfect-casting.html ബാക്ക് സ്റ്റേജ് ബ്ലോഗ്] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708021244/http://backstage.blogs.com/blogstage/2010/05/perfect-casting.html |date=2011-07-08 }} ==ചിത്രശാല== <gallery> Hidden Figures cast at the Kennedy Space Center (31647764895).jpg| കെന്നഡി സ്പേസ് സെന്ററിൽ Obama with "Hidden Figures" Cast.jpg| ഒബാമയോടൊപ്പം "Hidden Figures" Film Celebration (NHQ201612100023).jpg|ഹിഡൺ ഫിഗേഴ്സ് എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലെ സഹതാരങ്ങളോടൊപ്പം The Help cast.jpg|അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ് വേദിയിൽ </gallery> [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹോളിവുഡ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1972-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] 2ytkisb3jyiuzwp4vvb9iu31mzys5fo 0 415759 4644411 4535527 2026-07-08T10:59:49Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = അന്ന കെൻഡ്രിക് | image = Anna Kendrick Cannes 2016 2.jpg | caption = Kendrick at the [[2016 Cannes Film Festival]] | birth_name = Anna Cooke Kendrick | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|09}} | birth_place = [[Portland, Maine]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer}} | years_active = 1998–present | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Anna Kendrick|Full list]] | signature = Anna Kendrick signature.svg }} ഒരു [[അമേരിക്ക]]ൻ നടിയും ഗായികയുമാണ് '''അന്ന കുക്ക് കെൻഡ്രിക്<ref name="annabio">{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/actor/anna-kendrick|title=Anna Kendrick Biography|access-date=August 31, 2024|date=March 26, 2021|website=Biography.com}}</ref>''' (ജനനം, ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9, 1985). നാടകങ്ങളിൽ ബാലതാരം എന്ന നിലയിൽ കെൻഡ്രിക് തന്റെ കലാ ജീവിതം ആരംഭിച്ചു. ഹാസ്യ പരിപാടികളിലും സംഗീത നാടകങ്ങളിലും ആവേശഭരിതവും ആകർഷകവുമായ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളെ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചതിലൂടെ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന അവരുടെ അംഗീകാരങ്ങളിൽ [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], പ്രൈംടൈം എമ്മി അവാർഡ്, [[ടോണി പുരസ്കാരം|ടോണി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നിവയ്ക്കുള്ള നോമിനേഷനുകൾ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. 1998 ലെ ''ഹൈ സൊസൈറ്റി'' എന്ന ബ്രോഡ്വേ മ്യൂസിക്കൽ ആണ് അഭിനയിച്ച ആദ്യ പ്രധാന വേഷം. ഈ വേഷത്തിന് ബെസ്റ്റ്‌ ഫീച്ചേർഡ് ആക്ട്രസ് ഇൻ എ മ്യൂസിക്കൽ എന്ന ഇനത്തിൽ ടോണി അവാർഡ് നാമനിർദ്ദേശം നേടിക്കൊടുത്തു. 2003 ൽ ക്യാമ്പ് എന്ന മ്യൂസിക്കൽ കോമഡി ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗത്ത് അരങ്ങേറി. 2008-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി ട്വിലൈറ്റ് സാഗ എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെയാണ് അവർ സിനിമാരംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ചത്. 2009-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''അപ് ഇൻ ദി എയർ'' എന്ന കോമഡി-നാടക ചിത്രത്തിലൂ കൂടുതൽ അംഗീകാരം ലഭിക്കുകയും മികച്ച സഹനടിക്കുള്ള അക്കാദമി അവാർഡിനും, 2012 മുതൽ 2017 വരെയുള്ള കാലത്ത് പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ്'' ചലച്ചിത്ര പരമ്പരയിലെ അഭിനയത്തിനും അവർക്ക് മികച്ച അംഗീകാരവും ലഭിച്ചു. ''സ്കോട്ട് പിൽഗ്രിം വേഴ്സസ് ദി വേൾഡ്'' (2010), ''50/50'' (2011), ക്രൈം നാടകീയ ചിത്രം ''എൻഡ് ഓഫ് വാച്ച്'' (2012), സംഗീത ചിത്രം ''ഇൻടു ദി വുഡ്സ്'' (2014), ത്രില്ലറുകൾ ആയ ''ദി അക്കൗണ്ടന്റ്'' (2016), ''എ സിമ്പിൾ ഫേവർ'' (2018), ഫാന്റസി കോമഡി ''നോയൽ'' (2019) എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങളിലും അവർ അഭിനയിച്ചു. 2016 മുതൽ ട്രോൾസ് ഫിലിം ഫ്രാഞ്ചൈസിയുടെ ആനിമേറ്റഡ് മ്യൂസിക്കലുകളിൽ അവർ പ്രധാന വേഷത്തിന് ശബ്ദം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ''ഡമ്മി'' (2020) എന്ന ഹ്രസ്വ രൂപ കോമഡി പരമ്പരയിൽ അഭിനയിച്ച അവർക്ക് ഇതിന് മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള പ്രൈംടൈം എമ്മി അവാർഡിന് നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു. സ്വയം അഭിനയിച്ച ത്രില്ലർ ചിത്രമായ ''വുമൺ ഓഫ് ദി അവർ'' (2023) വഴിയാണ് അവർ സംവിധാനരംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ചത്. 2012-ൽ "കപ്‌സ്" എന്ന ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള അവരുടെ ചില സിനിമകളിലും 2013-ലെ കെന്നഡി സെന്റർ ഓണേഴ്‌സ്, 2015-ലെ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള പരിപാടികളിലും കെൻഡ്രിക് പാടിയിരുന്നു. അവരുടെ ഓർമ്മക്കുറിപ്പായ സ്‌ക്രാപ്പി ലിറ്റിൽ നോബഡി 2016-ൽ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kendrick |first=Anna |url=http://scrappylittlenobody.com/ |title=Scrappy Little Nobody |publisher=Touchstone |year=2016 |isbn=978-1501117206 |location=New York |oclc=946903044 |access-date=2018-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311033737/http://www.scrappylittlenobody.com/ |archive-date=2018-03-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1985 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9 ന്,<ref name="birthday">{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013|issue=1271|page=22|url=https://ew.com/article/2013/08/02/monitor-august-9-2013/|first=Ray|last=Rahman|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075205/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20723437,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Theatre World">{{cite book |author=Willis, John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79bPQNwFtg8C&q=%22Kendrick%20anna%20cooke%22&pg=PA234 |title=Theatre World 1998–1999 |publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books |year=2002 |isbn=1557834334 |volume=55 |page=234}}</ref> യു.എസിലെ [[മെയ്ൻ|മെയ്നിലെ]] പോർട്ട്‌ലാൻഡ് നഗരത്തിൽ അക്കൗണ്ടന്റ് ജാനിസിന്റെയും (മുമ്പ്, കുക്ക്) ചരിത്രാധ്യാപകനായ വില്യം കെൻഡ്രിക്കിന്റെയും മകളായി കെൻഡ്രിക്ക് ജനിച്ചു..<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/heraldtribune/obituary.aspx?n=ronald-a-cooke&pid=86247885 Ronald Cooke Obituary], May 26, 2006, Sarasota, FL, Herald Tribune, Retrieved 09/12/16</ref><ref>[http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=ruth-cooke-small&pid=154454832 Ruth Cooke Obituary – Portland, ME], November 4, 2011, Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram, Retrieved 11/23/14</ref> അവർ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്, ഐറിഷ്, സ്കോട്ടിഷ് വംശജയാണ്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoltv.com/2011/09/20/anna-kendrick-awkward-compliment-chelsea-lately-video/|title=Anna Kendrick Talks About an Awkward Compliment, on 'Chelsea Lately' (VIDEO)|access-date=June 10, 2013|last=Hughes|first=Jason|date=September 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080525/http://www.aoltv.com/2011/09/20/anna-kendrick-awkward-compliment-chelsea-lately-video/|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ആറാം വയസ്സിൽ കമ്മ്യൂണിറ്റി നാടകവേദിയിൽ അഭിനയിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/501714265/anna-kendrick-says-acting-is-the-way-that-i-learn-about-other-people|title=Anna Kendrick Says Acting Is 'The Way That I Learn About Other People'|date=November 14, 2016|website=NPR}}</ref> ഒരു നടനായ അവരുടെ മൂത്ത സഹോദരൻ മൈക്കൽ (ജനനം: 1983) ''ലുക്കിംഗ് ഫോർ ആൻ എക്കോ'' (2000) എന്ന നാടകീയ സിനിമയിൽ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/looking-for-an-echo/cast/2030287523/|title=Looking for an Echo|access-date=January 10, 2023|website=TVGuide.com|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഡീറിംഗ് ഹൈസ്കൂളിൽ പഠനത്തിന് ചേർന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostoncommon-magazine.com/personalities/articles/what-not-to-expect|title=Portland Native Anna Kendrick Charms Hollywood|access-date=November 15, 2013|last=Pacheco|first=Patrick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125011808/http://bostoncommon-magazine.com/personalities/articles/what-not-to-expect|archive-date=November 25, 2013}}</ref> == അഭിനയജീവിതം == ===ചലച്ചിത്രം=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! വർഷം ! പേര് ! കഥാപാത്രം ! class="unsortable" |കുറിപ്പ് | |- |2003 |ക്യാമ്പ് |ഫ്രിറ്റ്സി വാഗ്നർ | |- |2007 |റോക്കറ്റ് സയൻസ് |ജിന്നി റെയ്സൻ | |- |2008 |ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2009 |എൽസ് വെയർ |സാറ | |- | |മാർക്ക് പീസ് എക്സ്പെരിമെന്റ് |മെഗ് ബ്രിക്ക്മാൻ | |- | |അപ് ഇൻ ദ എയർ |നറ്റാലീ കീനീർ | |- | |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: ന്യൂ മൂൺ |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2010 |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: എക്ളിപ്സ് |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- | |സ്കൊട്ട് പിൽഗ്രിം vs. ദ വേൾഡ് |സ്റ്റെയ്സി പിൽഗ്രിം | |- |2011 |50/50 |കാതറിൻ മക്കെയ് | |- | |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: ബ്രേക്കിങ് ഡോൺ - പാർട്ട് 1 |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2012 |വാട്ട് ടു എക്സ്പെക്ട് വെൻ യു ആർ എക്സ്പെക്ടിങ് |റോസി ബ്രണ്ണൻ | |- | |പാരനോർമൻ |കോർട്ട്നി ബാബ്കോക്ക് (വോയ്സ്) | |- | |ദ കമ്പനി യു കീപ്പ് |ഡയാന | |- | |എൻഡ് ഓഫ് വാച്ച് |ജാനറ്റ് ടെയ്ലർ | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് |ബേക്ക മിറ്റ്ചെൽ | |- |2013 |ഡ്രിങ്കിങ് ബഡ്ഡീസ് |ജിൽ | |- | |റാപ്ച്ചർ പലൂസ |ലിൻഡ്സെ ലൂയിസ് | |- |2014 |ദ വോയിസസ് |ലിസ | |- | |ലൈഫ് ആഫ്റ്റർ ബെത്ത് |എറക്ക വെക്സ്ലർ | |- | |ഹാപ്പി ക്രിസ്മസ് |ജെന്നി | |- | |ദ ലാസ്റ്റ് ഫൈവ് ഇയേർസ് |കാത്തി ഹിയറ്റ് | |- | |കേക്ക് |നിന കോളിൻസ് | |- | |ഇൻ ടു ദ വുഡ്സ് |സിൻഡ്രെല്ല | |- |2015 |ഡിഗ്ഗിങ് ഫോർ ഫൈർ |അലീഷ്യ | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് |ബേക്ക മിറ്റ്ചെൽ | |- | |മി. റൈറ്റ് |മാർത്ത മക്കെയ് | |- |2016 |ദ ഹോളർസ് |റെബേക്ക | |- | |ഗെറ്റ് എ ജോബ് |ജില്ലിയൻ സ്റ്റുവർട്ട് | |- | |മൈക്ക് ആൻഡ് ഡേവ് നീഡ് വെഡ്ഡിങ് |ആലീസ് | |- | |ട്രോൾസ് <ref>{{cite tweet|user=AnnaKendrick47|author=AnnaKendrick|number=684782188907237376|title=Hair we go! Meet Poppy! #DreamWorksTrolls #HairGoals #NewYearNewMe|date=January 6, 2016|accessdate=June 8, 2016}}</ref> |പോപ്പി (ശബ്ദം) | |- | |ദ അക്കൗണ്ടൻഡ് <ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Anna Kendrick In Talks to Join Ben Affleck in 'The Accountant'|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anna-kendrick-ben-affleck-in-the-accountant-1201354749/|accessdate=June 8, 2016|publisher=variety.com|date=November 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Erik|title=Ben Affleck's 'Accountant' and 'Live By Night' Pushed Back by Warner Bros.|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ben-afflecks-accountant-live-by-813862|accessdate=June 8, 2016|work=hollywoodreporter.com|date=August 7, 2015}}</ref> |ഡാന കുമിംഗ്സ് | |- |2017 |ടേബിൾ 19 |എലോയിസ് മക്ഗരി | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് 3<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lesnick |first1=Silas |title=Pitch Perfect 3 Release Date Moves to December - ComingSoon.net |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/691489-pitch-perfect-3-release-date#/slide/1 |accessdate=December 2, 2016 |work=ComingSoon.net |date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> |ബേക്ക മിച്ചെൽ | |- |2018 |പേരിടാത്ത ക്രിസ് മോറിസ് ചിത്രം <ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/11/anna-kendrick-front-chris-morris-directed-comedy-for-see-saw-films-film4-1202214844/|title=Anna Kendrick To Front Chris Morris Comedy For See Saw Films & Film4|first=Peter|last=White|date=November 27, 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2017/11/27/38538/whos_in_chris_morriss_new_movie?|title=Who's in Chris Morris's new movie? : News 2017 : Chortle : The UK Comedy Guide|first=Powder Blue Internet Business|last=Solutions|website=www.chortle.co.uk}}</ref> | |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |- | |എ സിംപിൾ ഫേവർ |സ്റ്റെഫാനി വാർഡ് |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |- |2019 |നൊയൽ |നോല്ലെൽ ക്ലോസ് |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * {{IMDb name}} * {{IBDB name}}Internet Broadway Database{{IBDB name}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1985-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:21-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ അമേരിക്കൻ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ നാടകനടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] smd3vn8uji3y9nxwxgrbazv0jeq0j9z 4644413 4644411 2026-07-08T11:08:42Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = അന്ന കെൻഡ്രിക് | image = Anna Kendrick Cannes 2016 2.jpg | caption = [[2016 കാൻസ് ചലച്ചിത്രമേള]]യിൽ കെൻഡ്രിക് | birth_name = അന്ന കുക്ക് കെൻഡ്രിക്ക് | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|09}} | birth_place = [[പോർട്ട്‌ലാൻഡ്, മെയ്ൻ]], യു.എസ്. | occupation = {{hlist|നടി|ഗായിക}} | years_active = 1998–തുടരുന്നു | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Anna Kendrick|Full list]] | signature = Anna Kendrick signature.svg }} ഒരു [[അമേരിക്ക]]ൻ നടിയും ഗായികയുമാണ് '''അന്ന കുക്ക് കെൻഡ്രിക്<ref name="annabio">{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/actor/anna-kendrick|title=Anna Kendrick Biography|access-date=August 31, 2024|date=March 26, 2021|website=Biography.com}}</ref>''' (ജനനം, ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9, 1985). നാടകങ്ങളിൽ ബാലതാരം എന്ന നിലയിൽ കെൻഡ്രിക് തന്റെ കലാ ജീവിതം ആരംഭിച്ചു. ഹാസ്യ പരിപാടികളിലും സംഗീത നാടകങ്ങളിലും ആവേശഭരിതവും ആകർഷകവുമായ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളെ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചതിലൂടെ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന അവരുടെ അംഗീകാരങ്ങളിൽ [[അക്കാദമി അവാർഡ്]], പ്രൈംടൈം എമ്മി അവാർഡ്, [[ടോണി പുരസ്കാരം|ടോണി അവാർഡ്]] എന്നിവയ്ക്കുള്ള നോമിനേഷനുകൾ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. 1998 ലെ ''ഹൈ സൊസൈറ്റി'' എന്ന ബ്രോഡ്വേ മ്യൂസിക്കൽ ആണ് അഭിനയിച്ച ആദ്യ പ്രധാന വേഷം. ഈ വേഷത്തിന് ബെസ്റ്റ്‌ ഫീച്ചേർഡ് ആക്ട്രസ് ഇൻ എ മ്യൂസിക്കൽ എന്ന ഇനത്തിൽ ടോണി അവാർഡ് നാമനിർദ്ദേശം നേടിക്കൊടുത്തു. 2003 ൽ ക്യാമ്പ് എന്ന മ്യൂസിക്കൽ കോമഡി ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെ ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗത്ത് അരങ്ങേറി. 2008-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ദി ട്വിലൈറ്റ് സാഗ എന്ന ചിത്രത്തിലൂടെയാണ് അവർ സിനിമാരംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ചത്. 2009-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''അപ് ഇൻ ദി എയർ'' എന്ന കോമഡി-നാടക ചിത്രത്തിലൂ കൂടുതൽ അംഗീകാരം ലഭിക്കുകയും മികച്ച സഹനടിക്കുള്ള അക്കാദമി അവാർഡിനും, 2012 മുതൽ 2017 വരെയുള്ള കാലത്ത് പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ''പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ്'' ചലച്ചിത്ര പരമ്പരയിലെ അഭിനയത്തിനും അവർക്ക് മികച്ച അംഗീകാരവും ലഭിച്ചു. ''സ്കോട്ട് പിൽഗ്രിം വേഴ്സസ് ദി വേൾഡ്'' (2010), ''50/50'' (2011), ക്രൈം നാടകീയ ചിത്രം ''എൻഡ് ഓഫ് വാച്ച്'' (2012), സംഗീത ചിത്രം ''ഇൻടു ദി വുഡ്സ്'' (2014), ത്രില്ലറുകൾ ആയ ''ദി അക്കൗണ്ടന്റ്'' (2016), ''എ സിമ്പിൾ ഫേവർ'' (2018), ഫാന്റസി കോമഡി ''നോയൽ'' (2019) എന്നീ ചിത്രങ്ങളിലും അവർ അഭിനയിച്ചു. 2016 മുതൽ ട്രോൾസ് ഫിലിം ഫ്രാഞ്ചൈസിയുടെ ആനിമേറ്റഡ് മ്യൂസിക്കലുകളിൽ അവർ പ്രധാന വേഷത്തിന് ശബ്ദം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ''ഡമ്മി'' (2020) എന്ന ഹ്രസ്വ രൂപ കോമഡി പരമ്പരയിൽ അഭിനയിച്ച അവർക്ക് ഇതിന് മികച്ച നടിക്കുള്ള പ്രൈംടൈം എമ്മി അവാർഡിന് നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ലഭിച്ചു. സ്വയം അഭിനയിച്ച ത്രില്ലർ ചിത്രമായ ''വുമൺ ഓഫ് ദി അവർ'' (2023) വഴിയാണ് അവർ സംവിധാനരംഗത്തേക്ക് പ്രവേശിച്ചത്. 2012-ൽ "കപ്‌സ്" എന്ന ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള അവരുടെ ചില സിനിമകളിലും 2013-ലെ കെന്നഡി സെന്റർ ഓണേഴ്‌സ്, 2015-ലെ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള പരിപാടികളിലും കെൻഡ്രിക് പാടിയിരുന്നു. അവരുടെ ഓർമ്മക്കുറിപ്പായ സ്‌ക്രാപ്പി ലിറ്റിൽ നോബഡി 2016-ൽ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kendrick |first=Anna |url=http://scrappylittlenobody.com/ |title=Scrappy Little Nobody |publisher=Touchstone |year=2016 |isbn=978-1501117206 |location=New York |oclc=946903044 |access-date=2018-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311033737/http://www.scrappylittlenobody.com/ |archive-date=2018-03-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1985 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9 ന്,<ref name="birthday">{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013|issue=1271|page=22|url=https://ew.com/article/2013/08/02/monitor-august-9-2013/|first=Ray|last=Rahman|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075205/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20723437,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Theatre World">{{cite book |author=Willis, John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79bPQNwFtg8C&q=%22Kendrick%20anna%20cooke%22&pg=PA234 |title=Theatre World 1998–1999 |publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books |year=2002 |isbn=1557834334 |volume=55 |page=234}}</ref> യു.എസിലെ [[മെയ്ൻ|മെയ്നിലെ]] പോർട്ട്‌ലാൻഡ് നഗരത്തിൽ അക്കൗണ്ടന്റ് ജാനിസിന്റെയും (മുമ്പ്, കുക്ക്) ചരിത്രാധ്യാപകനായ വില്യം കെൻഡ്രിക്കിന്റെയും മകളായി കെൻഡ്രിക്ക് ജനിച്ചു..<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/heraldtribune/obituary.aspx?n=ronald-a-cooke&pid=86247885 Ronald Cooke Obituary], May 26, 2006, Sarasota, FL, Herald Tribune, Retrieved 09/12/16</ref><ref>[http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=ruth-cooke-small&pid=154454832 Ruth Cooke Obituary – Portland, ME], November 4, 2011, Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram, Retrieved 11/23/14</ref> അവർ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്, ഐറിഷ്, സ്കോട്ടിഷ് വംശജയാണ്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoltv.com/2011/09/20/anna-kendrick-awkward-compliment-chelsea-lately-video/|title=Anna Kendrick Talks About an Awkward Compliment, on 'Chelsea Lately' (VIDEO)|access-date=June 10, 2013|last=Hughes|first=Jason|date=September 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080525/http://www.aoltv.com/2011/09/20/anna-kendrick-awkward-compliment-chelsea-lately-video/|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ആറാം വയസ്സിൽ കമ്മ്യൂണിറ്റി നാടകവേദിയിൽ അഭിനയിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/501714265/anna-kendrick-says-acting-is-the-way-that-i-learn-about-other-people|title=Anna Kendrick Says Acting Is 'The Way That I Learn About Other People'|date=November 14, 2016|website=NPR}}</ref> ഒരു നടനായ അവരുടെ മൂത്ത സഹോദരൻ മൈക്കൽ (ജനനം: 1983) ''ലുക്കിംഗ് ഫോർ ആൻ എക്കോ'' (2000) എന്ന നാടകീയ സിനിമയിൽ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/looking-for-an-echo/cast/2030287523/|title=Looking for an Echo|access-date=January 10, 2023|website=TVGuide.com|language=en}}</ref> അവർ ഡീറിംഗ് ഹൈസ്കൂളിൽ പഠനത്തിന് ചേർന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostoncommon-magazine.com/personalities/articles/what-not-to-expect|title=Portland Native Anna Kendrick Charms Hollywood|access-date=November 15, 2013|last=Pacheco|first=Patrick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125011808/http://bostoncommon-magazine.com/personalities/articles/what-not-to-expect|archive-date=November 25, 2013}}</ref> == വ്യക്തിജീവിതം == കെൻഡ്രിക്ക് അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിലെ [[ലോസ് ആഞ്ചെലെസ്|ലോസ് ഏഞ്ചൽസിലാണ്]] താമസിക്കുന്നത്. 2009 ൽ ''സ്കോട്ട് പിൽഗ്രിം വേഴ്സസ് ദി വേൾഡ്'' എന്ന സിനിമയുടെ ചിത്രീകരണത്തിനിടെ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ചലച്ചിത്ര നിർമ്മാതാവ് എഡ്ഗർ റൈറ്റുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടിയതിന് ശേഷം അയാളുമായി ഡേറ്റിംഗ് ആരംഭിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/8896799/Anna-Kendrick-is-coming-up-for-air.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/8896799/Anna-Kendrick-is-coming-up-for-air.html|archive-date=January 10, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Robbie|last=Collin|title=Anna Kendrick is coming up for air|date=November 18, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/movies/Interview-Edgar-Wright-film-director.6501268.jp?articlepage=3|title=Interview: Edgar Wright, film director|last=Synnot|first=Siobhan|newspaper=[[The Scotsman]]|date=August 31, 2010|access-date=October 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/aug/15/edgar-wright-scott-pilgrim-vs-the-world-british-film|title=Edgar Wright: the ultimate fanboy film director|last=John|first=Emma|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=August 15, 2010|access-date=October 2, 2011}}</ref> 2013 മാർച്ചിൽ അവർ വേർപിരിഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Zach|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/anna-kendrick-splits-with-director-edgar-wright-after-four-years-2013133/|title=Anna Kendrick Splits With Director Edgar Wright After Four Years|newspaper=[[Us Weekly]]|date=March 13, 2013|access-date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> പിന്നീട് ''ഡ്രിങ്കിംഗ് ബഡ്ഡീസ്'' എന്ന സിനിമയുടെ ചിത്രീകരണത്തിനിടെ 2014 ഫെബ്രുവരിയിൽ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഛായാഗ്രാഹകൻ ബെൻ റിച്ചാർഡ്സണുമായി കണ്ടുമുട്ടിയതിന് ശേഷം അവർ ഡേറ്റിംഗ് ആരംഭിച്ചു..<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/619050/anna-kendrick-steps-out-with-boyfriend-ben-richardson-for-a-coffee-run-see-the-rare-pic|title=Anna Kendrick Steps Out With Boyfriend Ben Richardson for a Coffee Run|access-date=December 2, 2017|last=Nessif|first=Bruna|date=January 27, 2015|website=[[E! News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popplz.com/2017/11/25/anna-kendrick-gets-surprise-visit-from-her-bf/|title=Anna Kendrick gets Surprise Visit from her BF|access-date=December 2, 2017|date=November 25, 2017|website=Popplz|author=<!--Not stated-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/anna-kendrick-steps-out-with-boyfriend-ben-124742743866.html|title=Anna Kendrick Steps Out With Boyfriend Ben Richardson in Hawaii|access-date=December 2, 2017|last=Byrne|first=Suzy|date=July 22, 2015|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> 2020 ൽ അവർ വേർപിരിഞ്ഞു.<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine|first=Emily|last=Krauser|url=https://people.com/anna-kendrick-dating-history-8725190|title=Anna Kendrick's Dating History: A Look at the Actress' Relationships in Hollywood — and What She's Said About Past Boyfriends|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=October 23, 2024|access-date=November 1, 2024}}</ref> വൈകാരികമായി ദുരുപയോഗം ചെയ്യപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു ബന്ധത്തിന്റെ അനുഭവമാണ് ''ആലീസ്, ഡാർലിംഗ''് എന്ന സിനിമയിലെ തന്റെ പ്രകടനത്തിന് പ്രചോദനമായതെന്ന് അവർ പറഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Nigel|last=Smith|url=https://people.com/movies/anna-kendrick-how-personal-experience-emotional-abuse-led-to-new-movie-exclusive/|title=Anna Kendrick Says 'a Personal Experience with Emotional Abuse' Led Her to New Movie 'Alice, Darling'|date=September 7, 2022|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=September 9, 2022}}</ref> 2016-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ സ്ക്രാപ്പി ലിറ്റിൽ നോബഡി എന്ന തന്റെ ഓർമ്മക്കുറിപ്പിൽ, "മാതൃത്വം എനിക്ക് വേണ്ടിയല്ല" എന്ന് അവർ എഴുതി.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Emma Aerin|last=Becker|url=https://people.com/anna-kendrick-reveals-why-she-s-choosing-not-to-have-children-8729311|title=Anna Kendrick Opens Up About Her Choosing Not to Have Children: 'I'm the Childless Cat Lady'|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=October 16, 2024|access-date=November 1, 2024}}</ref> == അഭിനയജീവിതം == ===ചലച്ചിത്രം=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! വർഷം ! പേര് ! കഥാപാത്രം ! class="unsortable" |കുറിപ്പ് | |- |2003 |ക്യാമ്പ് |ഫ്രിറ്റ്സി വാഗ്നർ | |- |2007 |റോക്കറ്റ് സയൻസ് |ജിന്നി റെയ്സൻ | |- |2008 |ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2009 |എൽസ് വെയർ |സാറ | |- | |മാർക്ക് പീസ് എക്സ്പെരിമെന്റ് |മെഗ് ബ്രിക്ക്മാൻ | |- | |അപ് ഇൻ ദ എയർ |നറ്റാലീ കീനീർ | |- | |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: ന്യൂ മൂൺ |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2010 |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: എക്ളിപ്സ് |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- | |സ്കൊട്ട് പിൽഗ്രിം vs. ദ വേൾഡ് |സ്റ്റെയ്സി പിൽഗ്രിം | |- |2011 |50/50 |കാതറിൻ മക്കെയ് | |- | |ദ ട്വൈലൈറ്റ് സാഗ: ബ്രേക്കിങ് ഡോൺ - പാർട്ട് 1 |ജെസ്സിക്ക സ്റ്റാൻലി | |- |2012 |വാട്ട് ടു എക്സ്പെക്ട് വെൻ യു ആർ എക്സ്പെക്ടിങ് |റോസി ബ്രണ്ണൻ | |- | |പാരനോർമൻ |കോർട്ട്നി ബാബ്കോക്ക് (വോയ്സ്) | |- | |ദ കമ്പനി യു കീപ്പ് |ഡയാന | |- | |എൻഡ് ഓഫ് വാച്ച് |ജാനറ്റ് ടെയ്ലർ | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് |ബേക്ക മിറ്റ്ചെൽ | |- |2013 |ഡ്രിങ്കിങ് ബഡ്ഡീസ് |ജിൽ | |- | |റാപ്ച്ചർ പലൂസ |ലിൻഡ്സെ ലൂയിസ് | |- |2014 |ദ വോയിസസ് |ലിസ | |- | |ലൈഫ് ആഫ്റ്റർ ബെത്ത് |എറക്ക വെക്സ്ലർ | |- | |ഹാപ്പി ക്രിസ്മസ് |ജെന്നി | |- | |ദ ലാസ്റ്റ് ഫൈവ് ഇയേർസ് |കാത്തി ഹിയറ്റ് | |- | |കേക്ക് |നിന കോളിൻസ് | |- | |ഇൻ ടു ദ വുഡ്സ് |സിൻഡ്രെല്ല | |- |2015 |ഡിഗ്ഗിങ് ഫോർ ഫൈർ |അലീഷ്യ | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് |ബേക്ക മിറ്റ്ചെൽ | |- | |മി. റൈറ്റ് |മാർത്ത മക്കെയ് | |- |2016 |ദ ഹോളർസ് |റെബേക്ക | |- | |ഗെറ്റ് എ ജോബ് |ജില്ലിയൻ സ്റ്റുവർട്ട് | |- | |മൈക്ക് ആൻഡ് ഡേവ് നീഡ് വെഡ്ഡിങ് |ആലീസ് | |- | |ട്രോൾസ് <ref>{{cite tweet|user=AnnaKendrick47|author=AnnaKendrick|number=684782188907237376|title=Hair we go! Meet Poppy! #DreamWorksTrolls #HairGoals #NewYearNewMe|date=January 6, 2016|accessdate=June 8, 2016}}</ref> |പോപ്പി (ശബ്ദം) | |- | |ദ അക്കൗണ്ടൻഡ് <ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Anna Kendrick In Talks to Join Ben Affleck in 'The Accountant'|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anna-kendrick-ben-affleck-in-the-accountant-1201354749/|accessdate=June 8, 2016|publisher=variety.com|date=November 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Erik|title=Ben Affleck's 'Accountant' and 'Live By Night' Pushed Back by Warner Bros.|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ben-afflecks-accountant-live-by-813862|accessdate=June 8, 2016|work=hollywoodreporter.com|date=August 7, 2015}}</ref> |ഡാന കുമിംഗ്സ് | |- |2017 |ടേബിൾ 19 |എലോയിസ് മക്ഗരി | |- | |പിച്ച് പെർഫെക്റ്റ് 3<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lesnick |first1=Silas |title=Pitch Perfect 3 Release Date Moves to December - ComingSoon.net |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/691489-pitch-perfect-3-release-date#/slide/1 |accessdate=December 2, 2016 |work=ComingSoon.net |date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> |ബേക്ക മിച്ചെൽ | |- |2018 |പേരിടാത്ത ക്രിസ് മോറിസ് ചിത്രം <ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/11/anna-kendrick-front-chris-morris-directed-comedy-for-see-saw-films-film4-1202214844/|title=Anna Kendrick To Front Chris Morris Comedy For See Saw Films & Film4|first=Peter|last=White|date=November 27, 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2017/11/27/38538/whos_in_chris_morriss_new_movie?|title=Who's in Chris Morris's new movie? : News 2017 : Chortle : The UK Comedy Guide|first=Powder Blue Internet Business|last=Solutions|website=www.chortle.co.uk}}</ref> | |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |- | |എ സിംപിൾ ഫേവർ |സ്റ്റെഫാനി വാർഡ് |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |- |2019 |നൊയൽ |നോല്ലെൽ ക്ലോസ് |പോസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഡക്ഷൻ |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == ബാഹ്യ കണ്ണികൾ == * {{IMDb name}} * {{IBDB name}}Internet Broadway Database{{IBDB name}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1985-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 9-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:21-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ അമേരിക്കൻ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ പോപ്പ് ഗായികമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര നടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ നാടകനടിമാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതാ എഴുത്തുകാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] sjnvttig91qz9j5kek9e2mch5m77xi7 0 421795 4644395 3628111 2026-07-08T10:15:11Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Camellia grijsii}} {{speciesbox |image = Camellia grijsii (6807110902).jpg |status = DD |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref name=IUCN/> |genus = Camellia |species = grijsii |authority = [[Henry Fletcher Hance|Hance]] }} [[ചൈന|ചൈനയുടെ]] തനതു സസ്യമായ '''കാമെലിയ ഗ്രിജ്സി''' [[തീയേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു സ്പീഷിസ് ആണ്. വാസസ്ഥലം നഷ്ടമാകുന്നത് കൊണ്ട് നിലനിൽപ്പ് ഭീഷണിയിലായ ഈ സ്പീഷിസ് [[അമേരിക്ക]]യിലെ പൂന്തോട്ടങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. വിവിധ കാമെലിയാ ഇനങ്ങൾ പൂന്തോട്ടങ്ങളിൽ ലാൻഡ്സ്കേപിന് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. ചെടികളിൽ ഒന്നിനോടൊന്നു ചേർന്ന് ചെറിയ ഇലകൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. സസ്യം മുഴുവനായും പൂക്കുമ്പോൾ ഇത് ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് [[ഡോഗ് വുഡ് ട്രീ]]യുടെ പൂക്കളെ അനുസ്മരിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യം നേരിയ സൂര്യ വെളിച്ചത്തിൽ 4-5 അടി ഉയരത്തിൽ വളരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesnursery.com/posts/383 |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-date=2016-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103144215/http://genesnursery.com/posts/383 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് പൂവിടുന്ന ഈ സ്പീഷീസ് മിതമായ കാലാവസ്ഥയിലും വളരെ നന്നായി വളരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.camforest.com/Camellia_grijsii_p/c-grisjii3gal.htm |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-date=2015-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025164544/http://www.camforest.com/Camellia_grijsii_p/c-grisjii3gal.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=IUCN>{{cite journal |author=Rivers, M.C. |title=''Camellia grijsii'' |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2015 |page=e.T32327A2815006 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=2015 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/32327/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T32327A2815006.en |access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q5025916}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സപുഷ്പികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പുഷ്പങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉദ്യാന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാമിലിയ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീയേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചൈനയിലെ വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] ow18w955a6937u7axr6e4nnos65dyet 0 421993 4644368 2786119 2026-07-08T09:32:06Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs_Image}} {{Prettyurl|Ardisia sonchifolia}} {{Taxobox | regnum = [[Plantae]] | ordo = [[Ericales]] | familia = [[Primulaceae]] | genus = ''[[Ardisia]]'' | species = '''''A. sonchifolia''''' | binomial = ''Ardisia sonchifolia'' | binomial_authority = [[Carl Christian Mez|Mez]] | status = EN | status_system = IUCN2.3 | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] }}[[പ്രിമുലേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരിനം സസ്യമാണ് '''മൊളക്ക''', {{ശാനാ|Ardisia sonchifolia}}. ഇത് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ [[തദ്ദേശീയത|തദ്ദേശവാസിയാണ്.]] ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} * {{Cite journal|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/38812/0|title=''Ardisia sonchifolia''|last=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|date=1998|journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]|publisher=[[IUCN]]|accessdate=16 December 2017|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38812A10150254.en|volume=1998|page=e.T38812A10150254}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * [https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/226627 കൂടുതൽ വിവരവും കാണുന്ന ഇടങ്ങളും] {{Taxonbar}} * {{Commons-inline|Ardisia sonchifolia|''Ardisia sonchifolia''}} * {{Wikispecies-inline|Ardisia sonchifolia|''Ardisia sonchifolia''}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ അപൂർവ്വവും വംശനാശഭീഷണിയുള്ളതുമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമഘട്ടതദ്ദേശവാസിയായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] jacve7pfilig1vkce1yghdcki6e3q8i 0 422010 4644277 2786221 2026-07-07T22:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Olof Swartz}} {{Infobox scientist|name=Olof Swartz|image=Olof Peter Swartz00.jpg|caption=Olof Swartz|birth_date=September 21, 1760|birth_place=[[Norrköping]]|death_date={{d-da|September 19, 1818|September 21, 1760}}|death_place=[[Stockholm]]|nationality=[[Sweden]]|field=[[botany]]|alma_mater=[[University of Uppsala]]|doctoral_advisor=[[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger]]|known_for=[[pteridophytes]]}} സ്വീഡൻകാരനായ ഒരു [[Botany|സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനും]] [[taxonomy|സസ്യനാമകരണവിദഗ്ദ്ധനുമായിരുന്നു]] '''ഒലോഫ് പീറ്റർ സ്വാട്‌സ് (Olof Peter Swartz'''). (സെപ്തംബർ 21, 1760 &#x2013; സെപ്തംബർ 19, 1818). ടെറിഡോഫൈറ്റുകളുടെ പഠനത്തെസംബന്ധിച്ചുള്ള കാര്യങ്ങൾക്കാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ഏറ്റവും നന്നായി അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. [[Uppsala University|ഉപ്‌സാല സർവ്വകലാശാലയിൽ]] ആയിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം പഠനം നടത്തിയിരുന്നത്. 1781 -ൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഗവേഷണബിരുദം ലഭിച്ചു. {{botanist|Sw.|Olof Swartz}} ഓർക്കിഡുകളുടെ കാര്യങ്ങളിൽ വിദഗ്ദ്ധനായ അദ്ദേഹം സ്വന്തം പഠനം വഴിതന്നെ 25 ജനുസ് ഓർക്കിഡുകളെ തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞു. മിക്ക ഓർക്കിഡുകൾക്കും ഒരു സ്റ്റാമൻ മാത്രമേ ഉള്ളൂ എന്നും സ്ലിപ്പെർ ഓർക്കിഡുകൾക്ക് രണ്ടുസ്റ്റാമനുകൾ ഉണ്ടെന്ന് തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത് അദ്ദേഹമാണ്.<ref>Pridgeon, Alec M, et al. (December 16, 1999). ''Genera Orchidacearum''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-850513-2}}. Page 3.</ref> [[ഫാബേസീ|ഫാബേസിയിലെ]] ജനുസായ Swartzia ക്ക് Schreber സ്വാട്‌സിന്റെ ബഹുമാനാർത്ഥം നാമകരണം ചെയ്തതാണ്. == സംഭാവനകൾ == * [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b1199485x ''Nova genera et species plantarum seu prodromus''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720181155/http://www.botanicus.org/title/b1199485x |date=2017-07-20 }}, 1788 * ''Observationes botanicae'', 1791 * ''Icones plantarum incognitarum'', illustrating the rare plants of the West Indies (Upsala, 1794-1800) * [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753003467641 ''Flora Indiae occidentalis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026191244/http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753003467641 |date=2016-10-26 }}, (3 vols., 1797-1806) * ''Synopsis Filicum'', 1806 * ''Lichenes Americani'' (Nuremberg, 1811) * ''Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae'', 1814 == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == {{reflist}} == അധികവായനയ്ക്ക് == * Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel, ''Memoir of the life and writings of Olaus Swartz'', Edinburgh: A. Constable, 1823. == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * {{Appletons|wstitle=Swartz, Olaus|year=1889}} Digitised versions of works by Swartz * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/434 BDH] ''Flora Indiae Occidentalis :aucta atque illustrata sive descriptiones plantarum in prodromo recensitarum'' * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4353 BDH] ''Lichenes Americani : quos partim in Flora Indiae Occidentalis descripsit, partim e regionibus diversis Americae obtinuit'' Illustrations by Jacob Sturm * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4400 BDH]''Nova genera & species plantarum; seu, Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium, maximam partem incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indiam Occidentalem annis 1783-87'' * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4505 BDH] ''Observationes botanicae :quibus plantae Indiae Occidentalis aliaeque Systematis vegetabilium ed. XIV illustrantur earumque characteres passim emendantur'' * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14926 BDH] ''Svensk botanik'' [[വർഗ്ഗം:1760-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1816-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്വീഡിഷ് സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞർ]] 5syq9xr3zkgoa83l5981bbwknchh6yk 0 438533 4644281 4597449 2026-07-08T01:14:11Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 9 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Canellaceae}} {{taxobox | taxon = Canellaceae | image = Canella winterana Guadeloupe.JPG | image_caption = ''[[Canella winterana]]''<ref>1813 illustration, Tab. 71 from Adolphus Ypey, Vervolg ob de Avbeeldingen der artseny-gewassen met derzelver Nederduitsche en Latynsche beschryvingen, Eersde Deel, 1813 ''Canella winteriana'' (syn. ''C. alba''), Canellaceae published by Kurt Stüber</ref> | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Magnoliids]] | ordo = [[Canellales]] | familia = [[Canellaceae]] | genus = ''[[Canella]]'' | species = '''''C winterana[1''''' | authority = [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]]<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = *''[[Canella]]'' *''[[Cinnamodendron]]'' *''[[Cinnamosma]]'' *''[[Pleodendron]]'' *''[[Warburgia]]'' |}} [[കനെല്ലലെസ്]] [[നിര]]യിൽപ്പെട്ട പൂക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു കുടുംബമാണ് '''കനെല്ലസീ'''. <ref name="judd2008">Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA. {{ISBN|978-0-87893-407-2}}</ref> ഈ നിരയുൾപ്പെടുന്ന മറ്റൊരേയൊരു കുടുംബമാണ് [[വിന്റെറസീ]].<ref name="apweb">Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Canellaceae" At: [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]]. At: Botanical Databases At: [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] Website. (see ''External links'' below)</ref> കനെല്ലസീകൾ [[Afrotropical realm|അഫ്രോട്രോപിക്]], [[Neotropical realm|നിയോട്രോപിക്]] [[Biogeographic realm|ഇക്കോസോണുകൾ]] എന്നീ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തദ്ദേശവാസിയാണ്. അവ ചെറിയ ഇടത്തരം മരങ്ങൾ, അപൂർവ്വമായ [[കുറ്റിച്ചെടി]]കൾ, നിത്യഹരിതവും, [[aromatic|സുഗന്ധമുള്ളവയുമായി]] കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="heywood2007">Vernon H. Heywood (with David J. Mabberley). 2007. "Canellaceae" page 84. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-55407-206-4}}.</ref> പൂക്കളും പഴങ്ങളും ചുവപ്പുനിറമുള്ളവയാണ്. നിരവധി തരം കനെല്ലസീകൾ ഹെർബൽ മെഡിസിനിൽ പ്രധാനമാണ്. [[കറുവാപ്പട്ട]]യ്ക്ക് പകരമായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. ഉദ്യാന കൃഷിയിനങ്ങളിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരേയൊരു ഇനം Canella winterana ആണ്. <ref name="rhs">[[Anthony Huxley]], Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening''. The Macmillan Press, Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. {{ISBN|978-0-333-47494-5}} (set).</ref> == അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} == ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ == {{Commons category|Canellaceae}} {{Wikispecies}} === ചിത്രങ്ങൾ=== * [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/Madagasc/Image/622_058l.JPG Flowers of ''Cinnamosma madagascariensis''] * [http://132.236.163.181/images/DR/Canella4.jpg Flowers of ''Canella winterana'']{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/images/14/140560-3.jpg ''Warburgia salutaris'' in fruit] * [http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/de-jesus.15/Hispaniola/cinamodendron%20ekmanii2.JPG Flowers of ''Cinnamodendron ekmanii''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005230246/http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/de-jesus.15/hispaniola/cinamodendron%20ekmanii2.JPG |date=2010-10-05 }} === Words === * [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Canellaceae.htm Neotropical Canellaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084432/https://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Canellaceae.htm |date=2018-01-27 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/index.htm Family Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705063122/http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/index.htm |date=2020-07-05 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey.htm Neotropikey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813042450/http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey.htm |date=2020-08-13 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/projects.htm Projects and Programmes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309104830/http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/projects.htm |date=2021-03-09 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/index.htm Tropical America Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129001544/https://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/index.htm |date=2020-11-29 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/kew-in-depth/index.htm Kew in depth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824043718/http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/kew-in-depth/index.htm |date=2012-08-24 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/ Kew Gardens] * [http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?CANELLACEAE List of Genera in Canellaceae] {{color|green|At:}} [http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/genlist.html#D Dicotyledons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912170625/http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/genlist.html#D |date=2012-09-12 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/genlist.html List Genera within a Family] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912170625/http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/genlist.html |date=2012-09-12 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html Vascular Plant Families and Genera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915220115/http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html |date=2012-09-15 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/about.do About the Checklist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911002823/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/about.do |date=2012-09-11 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do World Checklist of Selected Plant Families] {{color|green|At:}} [http://epic.kew.org/datasources.htm Data Sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910162710/http://epic.kew.org/datasources.htm |date=2012-09-10 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://epic.kew.org/index.htm ePIC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910161005/http://epic.kew.org/index.htm |date=2012-09-10 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/data/ Scientific Databases] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.kew.org/ Kew Gardens] * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?204 List of Genera in Canellaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052350/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?204 |date=2015-09-24 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?204 Canellaceae] {{color|green|At:}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20000816163915/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/famlist.pl List of families] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en Families and Genera in GRIN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227004053/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl?language=en |date=2013-02-27 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.pl?language=en Queries] {{color|green|At:}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015103620/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl GRIN taxonomy for plants] * [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3426 ''Canella winterana''] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3425 ''Canella''] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3424 Canellaceae] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/71187 Canellales] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/232347 Magnoliids] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3398 Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)] ... {{color|violet|In: &middot;&middot;&middot;}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3193 Embryophyta] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/131221 Streptophytina] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35493 Streptophyta] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/33090 Viridiplantae] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/2759 Eukaryota] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ Taxonomy] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.uniprot.org/ UniProt] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10153 Canellaceae] {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.efloras.org/volume_page.aspx?volume_id=1003&flora_id=1 Volume 3] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=1 Family List] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 FNA (Flora of North America)] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.efloras.org/ eFloras] * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/canellac.htm Canellaceae] {{color|green|In:}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ Leslie Watson and Michael J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), ''The families of flowering plants''] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3424&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Cannellaceae] * [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/maps/canellaceae.gif Distribution Map] {{color|green|And}} [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/canellaceaegen.html Genus List] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/canellalesweb.htm#Canellaceae Canellaceae] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/canellalesweb.htm#Canellales Canellales] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/treeapweb2map.html Trees] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html APweb] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/alldb.shtml botanical databases] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/about-science-conservation.aspx About Science & Conservation] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ Missouri Botanical Garden] *[http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/CANE.html Canellaceae] in [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/index.html BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=oumyfO-NHuUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Flowering+Plants+Takhtajan&source=bl&ots=iKhzN4ysw3&sig=h44201Q58Tem8KoYWLOmStke78o&hl=en&ei=DxgHTaCONsSqlAeF5MnZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false page xxxvii] {{color|green|In:}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=oumyfO-NHuUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Flowering+Plants+Takhtajan&source=bl&ots=iKhzN4ysw3&sig=h44201Q58Tem8KoYWLOmStke78o&hl=en&ei=DxgHTaCONsSqlAeF5MnZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Flowering Plants'' (Takhtajan)] * [http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849326752 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C] <span style="color:green;">At:</span> [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF02A Botany & Plant Science] <span style="color:green;">At:</span> [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF Life Science] <span style="color:green;">At:</span> [http://www.crcpress.com/ CRC Press] * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/gfc.2001.1.2.40 The search for cinnamon] {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.gastronomica.org/ Gastronomica] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/397277 page 488] {{color|green|In:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/396791 ''Hortus Cliffortianus''] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/690 View Record for title 2450] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/titles/H Titles/H] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/titles Titles] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358390 page 371] {{color|green|In:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358012 ''Species Plantarum'', 1st ed. (1753)] <span style="color:green;">At:</span> [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669 View Record of title 25] <span style="color:green;">At:</span> [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/825 Titles by Carl von Linné (1707-1778)] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/L Authors / L] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/A Authors] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=6F88FD683733E6941C51A450D8969C8F?find_family=&find_genus=Canella&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch ''Canella''] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do Plant Names] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ipni.org/ IPNI] * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/1148093 ''Canella''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051809/http://www.botanicus.org/page/1148093 |date=2016-03-04 }} {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/1147804 ''The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220721/http://www.botanicus.org/page/1147804 |date=2015-09-23 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/creator/676 Patrick Browne] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/authors Authors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903054753/http://botanicus.org/browse/authors |date=2018-09-03 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091211004729/http://www.botanicus.org/ |date=2009-12-11 }} * [[s:Dale, Samuel (DNB00)|Samuel Dale]] {{color|green|In:}} [[s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900|Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900]] {{color|green|At:}} [[s:Main Page|Wikisource]] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11629090 page 636] {{color|green|In:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11628439 ''Species Plantarum'' 2nd edition, volume 1] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/11179 View Record for title 26] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/825 Titles by Carl von Linné (1707-1778)] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/L Authors / L] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/A Authors] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32345257 Canella on page 443] {{color|green|And}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32345321 Wintera on page 507] {{color|green|In:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32344859 Systema Vegetabilium (1784)] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/46560 View Record] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/34757 Titles by Johann Andreas Murray] {{color|green|Or}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/663 Titles by Johan Anders Murray] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/M Authors/M] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/A Authors] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129665 page 373] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609053515/http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129665 |date=2019-06-09 }} {{color|green|And}} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129666 page 374] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225433/http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129666 |date=2015-09-23 }} {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129099 ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213144937/http://www.botanicus.org/page/2129099 |date=2020-02-13 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/creator/590 Joseph Gaertner] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/authors Author List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903054753/http://botanicus.org/browse/authors |date=2018-09-03 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091211004729/http://www.botanicus.org/ |date=2009-12-11 }} * [http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/famCA-CL.html Families CA-CL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703201327/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/famCA-CL.html |date=2021-07-03 }} {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/allspgnames.html Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030002020/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/ |date=2013-10-30 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/ Home Page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030002020/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/ |date=2013-10-30 }} * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/742201 page 168] {{color|green|Of}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/742030 Nova genera et species plantarum, vol. 3] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/450 View Record for title 12] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/504 Titles by Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/authors/A Authors] {{color|green|At:}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100375345 ''Antillodendron'' (search exact)] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx Name Search] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.tropicos.org/ Tropicos] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/about-science-conservation.aspx About Science and Conservation] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/ Missouri Botanical Garden] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സപുഷ്പികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉദ്യാന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സുഗന്ധവ്യഞ്ജനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കനെല്ലസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യകുടുംബങ്ങൾ]] f0y8k4vpstx2pafbzyge5rnu0dbn0xu 0 438536 4644280 3138583 2026-07-08T01:07:30Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Canella}} {{taxobox |image = Canella winterana Guadeloupe.JPG | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Magnoliids]] | ordo = [[Canellales]] | familia = [[Canellaceae]] | genus = ''[[Canella]]'' |parent_authority = [[Patrick Browne|P. Browne]], 1756 |species = winterana |authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]], 1788<ref>{{GRIN |name=''Canella winterana'' (L.) Gaertn. |id=8848 |accessdate=2009-10-10}}</ref> |synonyms = ''Canella alba'' <span style="font-size:90%;">[[Johan Andreas Murray|Murray]]</span><ref>{{cite book |title= Systema Vegetabilium |first1=Carl |last1=Linnaeus |author1-link=Carl Linnaeus |first2=Johan Andreas |last2=Murray |author2-link=Johan Andreas Murray |year=1784 |edition=14th |pages=443–444 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3gZAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA443 |accessdate=2009-10-10}}</ref><br/> ''Laurus winterana'' <span style="font-size:90%;">[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</span><ref>{{cite book |title=[[Species Plantarum]] |first1=Carl |last1=Linnaeus |author1-link=Carl Linnaeus |year=1753 |chapter=Laurus foliis enerviis obovatis obtusis|chapterurl=http://www.botanicus.org/page/358390 |page=371|accessdate=2015-02-09}}</ref> }} [[കരീബിയൻ|കരീബിയൻ]] മുതൽ [[Florida Keys|ഫ്ലോറിഡ കീസിൽ]] നിന്നും [[ബാർബേഡോസ്]] വരെ വ്യാപിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന തദ്ദേശവാസിയായ ഒരു [[Monotypic taxon|മോണോസ്പെസഫിക്]] ജീനസാണ് '''കനെല്ല.''' ഈ ജീനസിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ഒറ്റ സ്പീഷീസ് ആണ് '''കനെല്ല വിന്റെറാന.''' സുഗന്ധവ്യഞ്ജനമായ [[കറുവാപ്പട്ട]] പോലെ അതിന്റെ പുറംതൊലി ഉപയോഗിക്കാറുണ്ട്. '''"കറുവപ്പട്ട", "കാട്ടു കറുവാ", "വെളുത്ത കറുവപ്പട്ട"''' എന്നിവ ഇവയുടെ പൊതു നാമങ്ങളാണ്. '''("cinnamon bark", "wild cinnamon", and "white cinnamon")'''<ref>{{cite book |title=Florida ethnobotany |first1=Daniel F. |last1=Austin |first2=P. Narodny |last2=Honychurch |pages=162–164 |year=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=0-8493-2332-0}}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} == ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ == * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=6F88FD683733E6941C51A450D8969C8F?find_family=&find_genus=Canella&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch ''Canella''] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do Plant Names] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.ipni.org/ IPNI] * [http://www.botanicus.org/page/1148093 ''Canella''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051809/http://www.botanicus.org/page/1148093 |date=2016-03-04 }} {{color|green|In:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/page/1147804 ''The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220721/http://www.botanicus.org/page/1147804 |date=2015-09-23 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/creator/676 Patrick Browne] {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/browse/authors Authors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903054753/http://botanicus.org/browse/authors |date=2018-09-03 }} {{color|green|At:}} [http://www.botanicus.org/ Botanicus] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091211004729/http://www.botanicus.org/ |date=2009-12-11 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യജനുസുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സപുഷ്പികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സുഗന്ധവ്യഞ്ജനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഉദ്യാന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] 27jasmteqen890vztpc9knsbd94o2u6 0 439937 4644236 4608052 2026-07-07T16:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs Image}} {{Infobox non-profit | name = Ushahidi, Inc. | image = | type = [[501(c)(3)]] | tax_id = 2652079 | founded_date = 2008 | founder = [[Erik Hersman]], [[Ory Okolloh]], [[Juliana Rotich]], [[David Kobia]] | location = [[Nairobi]], Kenya | coordinates = | origins = [[Crowdsourcing]] | key_people = [[Erik Hersman]], Juliana Rotich, David Kobia, | area_served = World | focus = activism, [[Cartography|mapping]] | method = [[Cartography|mapping]] and [[geospatial]] | revenue = US$2,500,000–$4,000,000 | endowment = US$1,800,000<ref name="tr50">{{cite web |url= http://www.technologyreview.com/companywatch/company/ushahidi/ |title= Top50 Private Web Companies }}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | num_volunteers = 50 | num_employees = 31 | owner = Ushahidi, Inc. | motto = Raise Your Voice | former name = | homepage = {{URL|ushahidi.com}} | dissolved = | footnotes = }} ലാഭേച്ഛയില്ലാതെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന ഒരു സാങ്കേതിക സ്ഥാപനമാണ് '''ഉഷാഹിതി''',  ഒൻപതു രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ  ഈ കമ്പനിയുടെ ജീവനക്കാർ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ushahidi.com/about|title=About Ushahidi|access-date=2017-08-14|website=Ushahidi|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810051414/https://www.ushahidi.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> സിലിക്കോൺ സാവന്ന എന്ന കെനിയൻ സാങ്കേതിക വ്യവസ്ഥ രൂപീകരിക്കുന്നതിൽ മുഖ്യ പങ്ക് വഹിച്ചു. ഐ ഹബ്, അക്കിരാചിക്സ്, ബ്രിക്ക് തുടങ്ങിയവയുടെ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്കു പിന്നിൽ ഈ കമ്പനിയുടെ തൊഴിലാളികളാണ്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/02/kenyan-startup-ushahidi-launches-a-crowdsourced-campaign-to-monitor-the-u-s-election/|title=Kenyan startup Ushahidi launches a crowdsourced campaign to monitor the U.S. election {{!}} TechCrunch|access-date=2017-08-14|last=Bright|first=Jake}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> സാമൂഹ്യ ഇടപെടലുകൾക്കും പൊതു ഉത്തരവാദിത്തത്തിനും ക്രൗഡ് സോഴ്സിംഗ് എന്ന ആശയമാണ് ഇവർ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്.   സാമൂഹ്യ ഇടപെടൽ, സിറ്റിസൺ ജേണലിസം, ജിയോ സ്പേഷ്യൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ കൂടിച്ചേർന്ന "ആക്ടിവിസ്റ്റ് മാപ്പിംഗ്"  മാതൃകയാണ് ഇവർ സ്വീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. [[മൊബൈൽ ഫോൺ|മൊബൈൽ ഫോൺ]], [[ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്]] എന്നിവ ഉപയോഗപ്പെടത്തി പ്രാദേശിക നിരീക്ഷകർക്ക് റിപ്പോർട്ടുകൾ തയ്യാറാക്കാനുള്ള പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോമുകൾ തയ്യാറാക്കി നൽകാറുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> ഉഷാഹിതി പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോം [[ഭൂകമ്പം]], [[വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കം]] തുടങ്ങിയ ദുരിത സമയങ്ങളിലുംമനുഷ്യാവകാശ റിപ്പോർട്ടിംഗിലും തെരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് നിരീക്ഷണത്തിനും ഉപയോഗിക്കന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ushahidi.com/|title=Ushahidi|access-date=2017-08-14|website=Ushahidi|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813091131/https://www.ushahidi.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഉഷാഹിതി എന്ന സ്വാഹ്‌ലി ഭാഷയിലെ വാക്കിന് "സാക്ഷ്യം" എന്നാണർത്ഥം.  2008-ൽ കെനിയയിലെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പിന് പിന്നാലെയുണ്ടായ അക്രമങ്ങളെത്തുടർന്നാണ് ഇത്തരത്തിലൊരു സംവിധാനം നിലവൽവന്നത്. അന്നുമുതൽ ദുരന്തനിവാരണ, നിയന്ത്രണമേഖലകളിൽ ഇത് ഒാരോ സ്ഥലത്തിനും അനുയോജ്യമായ രീതിയിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]], പലസ്തീൻ, [[സിറിയ]], [[ചിലി]] തുടങ്ങിയ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും ഇത് ഉപയോഗിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[ചെന്നൈ]] പ്രളയശേഷം ഒരുകൂട്ടം യുവാക്കൾ, വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കത്തിലായ തെരുവുകളുടെ മാപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കാൻ ഉഷാഹിതി പ്ലാറ്റ്‌ഫോം ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നു.<ref name="CNET">{{Cite news}}</ref> നിരവധി പ്രകൃതിക്ഷോഭങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. എസ്എംഎസ്, [[ഇമെയിൽ]], ട്വിറ്റർ, [[വെബ്സൈറ്റ്]] എന്നിവ വഴിയായിരിക്കും വിവരശേഖരണം. ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് കണക്ഷൻ ഇല്ലാതെ ഓഫ് ലൈനായി മൊബൈൽ ഫോണിന്റെ ലൊക്കേഷൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ചും വിവര ശേഖരം സാധ്യമാകുമെന്നതും ഇതിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകതയാണ്. 160 ഓളം രാജ്യങ്ങൾ ഈ പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോം ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref>  2012 ൽ അമേരിക്കയിലെ ഒബാമ കാമ്പെയ്നും,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ushahidi.com/blog/2016/05/06/how-ushahidi-helped-thousands-of-peoples-votes-count-in-the-2012-usa-election|title=How Ushahidi Helped Thousands of Peoples' Votes Count in the 2012 USA Election|access-date=2017-08-14|website=Ushahidi|language=en-US}}</ref> ഐക്യ രാഷ്ട്ര സഭയുടെ സമാധാനസേനാ വകുപ്പും ഇതുപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3oqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=un+sage+ushahidi&source=bl&ots=xu1JpioW5y&sig=HN77cpkkLTqUzHjPosxARgWClOE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj70NHRu9fVAhXLw1QKHZKnB_kQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=un%20sage%20ushahidi&f=false|title=Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law|last=Baudet|first=Floribert|last2=Braat|first2=Eleni|last3=Woensel|first3=Jeoffrey van|last4=Wever|first4=Aad|date=2017-07-30|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789462651838|language=en}}</ref> 2010ൽ ഹെയ്തി ഭൂകമ്പ കാലത്ത് വിജയകരമായി 'ഉഷാഹിതി' ഉപയോഗിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/haitiushahidieval/news/finalreportindependentevaluationoftheushahidihaitiproject|title=Final Report: Independent Evaluation of the Ushahidi Haiti Project - Ushahidi Haiti Independent Evaluation|access-date=2017-08-14|website=sites.google.com|archive-date=2014-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628064136/https://sites.google.com/site/haitiushahidieval/news/finalreportindependentevaluationoftheushahidihaitiproject|url-status=dead}}</ref> to monitor the Nigerian elections in 2011, ലെ നൈജിരിയൻ തെരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്, <ref name="Bailard 349–367">{{Cite journal|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2014.947056|title=Crowdsourcing Accountability in a Nigerian Election|last=Bailard|first=Catie Snow|last2=Livingston|first2=Steven|date=2014-10-02|journal=Journal of Information Technology & Politics|issue=4|doi=10.1080/19331681.2014.947056|volume=11|pages=349–367|issn=1933-1681}}</ref> 2015, നേപ്പാളീസ് ഭൂകമ്പം<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/opssankatmochan/english_part1.pdf|title=Nepal Army and Disaster Management Report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724171126/http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/opssankatmochan/english_part1.pdf|archive-date=2017-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> തുടങ്ങിയവയിലും സിറിയൻ ആഭ്യന്തര യുദ്ധ സമയത്തും <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanitariantracker.org/syria-tracker|title=Humanitarian Tracker|access-date=2017-08-14|website=Humanitarian Tracker}}</ref> ലൈംഗിക അതിക്രമങ്ങൾക്കെതിരായ റിപ്പോർട്ടുകൾ തയ്യാറാക്കുന്നതിനും ഉപയോഗിച്ചു വരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://harassmap.org/ar/|title=خريطة التحرش {{!}} معأ لخلق بيئة رافضة للتحرش الجنسي في مصر|access-date=2017-08-14|website=harassmap.org|language=en-US}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ജൂലൈ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Releases and codenames ==== * '''1.0 മൊഗാദിഷു''' – 10 ഡിസംബർ 2009 * '''1.2 ഹെയ്ത്തി''' – ~22 ജനുവരി 2010 * '''2.0 ലുവാൻഡ''' – 22 നവംബർ 2010 * '''2.1 ട്യുണിസ്''' – 9 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2011 * '''2.2 ജുബ''' – 13 മാർച്ച് 2012 * '''2.3 ജുബ''' – 24 ഏപ്രിൽ 2012 == കേരളത്തിൽ == 2018 ൽ കേരളത്തിൽ നടന്ന വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കത്തെത്തുടർന്ന് പ്രളയാനന്തര വിവരശേഖരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർക്ക് ‘ഉഷാഹിതി’ പ്ലാറ്റ്‌ഫോമിലാണ്‌ മൊബൈൽ ആപ്ലിക്കേഷൻ തയ്യാറാക്കുന്നത്. ഓപ്പൺ സോഴ്‌സ് സോഫ്റ്റ്‌വേറായ ഉഷാഹിതി ആർക്കുവേണമെങ്കിലും സോഴ്‌സ് കോഡ് ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്ത് സ്വന്തം ആപ്പ് നിർമ്മിക്കാനാകും. സംസ്ഥാനത്തിനാവശ്യമായ രീതിയിൽ ആപ്പ് ഐ.ടി. മിഷനാണ് തയ്യാറാക്കുന്നത്.<ref>https://www.mathrubhumi.com/technology/news/flood-data-collection-by-mobile-app-1.3107763</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist|30em}} == പുറം കണ്ണികൾ == * [http://www.Ushahidi.com/ Ushahidi] * NetSquared: [http://www.netsquared.org/search/node/ushahidi "Remixing the Web for Social Change"] * [[ടെഡ് (സമ്മേളനം)|TED (conference)]]: [http://www.ted.com/search?q=ushahidi&x=9&y=10 TED] * [http://www.j-lab.org/cool_stuff/ushahidi_crowdsourcing_crisis_information Institute for Interactive Journalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124045954/http://www.j-lab.org/cool_stuff/ushahidi_crowdsourcing_crisis_information |date=2013-01-24 }} * [http://www.unitedforafrica.co.za/ United for Africa] * [http://blog.nexmo.com/post/7970974072/ushahidi-sms-nexmo/ Ushahidi Nexmo plugin How To] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110083109/http://blog.nexmo.com/post/7970974072/ushahidi-sms-nexmo |date=2011-11-10 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്റർനെറ്റ്]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ദുരന്തനിവാരണം]] bl7etvzp9b1kzpsytlr1l9pxh3ezpw0 0 468776 4644396 3628167 2026-07-08T10:17:35Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Cattleya trianae}} {{speciesbox | name = Flor de Mayo | image = Cattleya trianae.jpg | image_caption = | status = CITES_A2 | status_system = CITES | parent = Cattleya sect. Cattleya | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Cattleya trianae | authority = [[Lind. & Rchb. f.]] }} [[ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു [[സപുഷ്പി]] സസ്യമായ '''കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനി''' (''Cattleya trianae'') '''ഫ്ലോർ ഡി മായോ''' ("May flower") അല്ലെങ്കിൽ "ക്രിസ്മസ് ഓർക്കിഡ്"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orchidlady.com/pages/orchidGarden/ChristmasPartTwo.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728011844/http://orchidlady.com/pages/orchidGarden/ChristmasPartTwo.html |archivedate=2011-07-28 |df= }}</ref> എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. [[കൊളംബിയ]] സ്വദേശിയായ ഒരു എപിഫൈറ്റിക് ഓർക്കിഡ് ആയി വളരുന്ന ഈ സസ്യം 1936 നവംബറിൽ അവിടത്തെ ദേശീയ പുഷ്പമായി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. ആ വർഷം, നാഷണൽ അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് ഹിസ്റ്ററി ഓഫ് അർജൻറീന ലാറ്റിൻ അമേരിക്കൻ രാജ്യങ്ങളെ ഓരോ രാജ്യത്തെയും പ്രതിനിധികരിക്കുന്ന പൂക്കളുമായി ഒരു പ്രദർശനത്തിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടു. കൊളംബിയൻ ഗവൺമെന്റ് രാജ്യത്തെ പ്രതിനിധീകരിക്കുന്ന ഒരു പുഷ്പത്തെ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാൻ സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ എമിലിയോ റോബ്ലെഡോയെ ചുമതലപ്പെടുത്തി. രണ്ട് പ്രധാന കാരണങ്ങളാൽ കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനി ഇത് തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു. *കൊളംബിയൻ പതാകയിലെ മഞ്ഞ, നീല, ചുവപ്പ് നിറങ്ങൾ കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനിയിലെ ഇതളുകളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. *ഈ സ്പീഷീസ് 19-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ കൊളംബിയൻ സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻ [[ജോസ് ജെറോനിമോ ട്രയാന|ജോസ് ജെറോണിമോ ട്രയാനയുടെ]] പേരിലാണ് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} == പുറം കണ്ണികൾ == * {{Commons-inline|Cattleya trianae|''Cattleya trianae''}} * {{In lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701221945/http://www.tierramerica.net/2004/0510/acentos.shtml tierramerica.net] * {{In lang|es}} [http://lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/julio2001/laflor.htm Luis Angel Arango Library] * {{In lang|es}} [https://www.casadeanny.com/orquideas-cattleya Orquídeas Cattleya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703022353/https://www.casadeanny.com/orquideas-cattleya |date=2018-07-03 }} {{Symbols of Colombia}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അധിസസ്യ-ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] mjazavvg3f8vid85q4ra2g929d12y0l 4644397 4644396 2026-07-08T10:17:57Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Cattleya trianae}} {{speciesbox | name = ഫ്ലോർ ഡി മായോ | image = Cattleya trianae.jpg | image_caption = | status = CITES_A2 | status_system = CITES | parent = Cattleya sect. Cattleya | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Cattleya trianae | authority = [[Lind. & Rchb. f.]] }} [[ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു [[സപുഷ്പി]] സസ്യമായ '''കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനി''' (''Cattleya trianae'') '''ഫ്ലോർ ഡി മായോ''' ("May flower") അല്ലെങ്കിൽ "ക്രിസ്മസ് ഓർക്കിഡ്"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orchidlady.com/pages/orchidGarden/ChristmasPartTwo.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728011844/http://orchidlady.com/pages/orchidGarden/ChristmasPartTwo.html |archivedate=2011-07-28 |df= }}</ref> എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. [[കൊളംബിയ]] സ്വദേശിയായ ഒരു എപിഫൈറ്റിക് ഓർക്കിഡ് ആയി വളരുന്ന ഈ സസ്യം 1936 നവംബറിൽ അവിടത്തെ ദേശീയ പുഷ്പമായി നാമനിർദ്ദേശം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. ആ വർഷം, നാഷണൽ അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് ഹിസ്റ്ററി ഓഫ് അർജൻറീന ലാറ്റിൻ അമേരിക്കൻ രാജ്യങ്ങളെ ഓരോ രാജ്യത്തെയും പ്രതിനിധികരിക്കുന്ന പൂക്കളുമായി ഒരു പ്രദർശനത്തിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കാൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടു. കൊളംബിയൻ ഗവൺമെന്റ് രാജ്യത്തെ പ്രതിനിധീകരിക്കുന്ന ഒരു പുഷ്പത്തെ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാൻ സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ എമിലിയോ റോബ്ലെഡോയെ ചുമതലപ്പെടുത്തി. രണ്ട് പ്രധാന കാരണങ്ങളാൽ കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനി ഇത് തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്തു. *കൊളംബിയൻ പതാകയിലെ മഞ്ഞ, നീല, ചുവപ്പ് നിറങ്ങൾ കാറ്റില്യ ട്രൈയാനിയിലെ ഇതളുകളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. *ഈ സ്പീഷീസ് 19-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ കൊളംബിയൻ സസ്യശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞൻ [[ജോസ് ജെറോനിമോ ട്രയാന|ജോസ് ജെറോണിമോ ട്രയാനയുടെ]] പേരിലാണ് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} == പുറം കണ്ണികൾ == * {{Commons-inline|Cattleya trianae|''Cattleya trianae''}} * {{In lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701221945/http://www.tierramerica.net/2004/0510/acentos.shtml tierramerica.net] * {{In lang|es}} [http://lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/julio2001/laflor.htm Luis Angel Arango Library] * {{In lang|es}} [https://www.casadeanny.com/orquideas-cattleya Orquídeas Cattleya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703022353/https://www.casadeanny.com/orquideas-cattleya |date=2018-07-03 }} {{Symbols of Colombia}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അധിസസ്യ-ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] 35n5r2qpyim245pu1dg57ackfox0hfk 0 473130 4644379 4459756 2026-07-08T09:45:30Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Bretschneidera}} {{taxobox | image = Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl BRETSCHNEIDERACEAE 02.JPG | status = EN | status_system = IUCN2.3 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Sun, W. | title = ''Bretschneidera sinensis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 1998 | page = e.T32324A9697750 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 1998 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/32324/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32324A9697750.en | access-date = 13 January 2018}}</ref> |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] | ordo = [[Brassicales]] | familia = '''Akaniaceae''' | genus = '''''Bretschneidera''''' | parent_authority = [[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]] | species = '''''sinensis''''' | authority = Hemsl. | synonyms = ''Bretschneidera yunshanensis'' <small>Chun & F.C.How</small> }} '''ബ്രെറ്റ്സ്ച്ചനെയ്ഡെറ''' ജീനസിലെ ഒരേയൊരു സ്പീഷീസാണ് '''ബ്രെറ്റ്സ്ച്ചനെയ്ഡെറ സൈനെൻസിസ്.''' [[അക്കാനിയേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന അത്യപൂർവ്വമായ ഈ സസ്യം വലിയ പൂങ്കുലകളോടുകൂടിയ, 10- 20 മീറ്റർ (33-66 അടി) ഉയരമുള്ള മരങ്ങളാണ്. ഇത് [[തായ്‌വാൻ]], വടക്കൻ തായ്ലൻഡ്, വടക്കൻ [[വിയറ്റ്നാം]] തെക്കു കിഴക്കൻ [[ചൈന]], [[ലാവോസ്]], വടക്കൻ മ്യാൻമർ എന്നീ ഭൂപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009760 |title=''Bretschneidera sinensis'' Hemsley |author=Lianli Lu |author2=David E. Boufford |last-author-amp=yes |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=31 March 2012}}</ref> [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടമാകുന്നതിനാൽ ഈ സസ്യം വംശനാശ ഭീഷണിയിലാണ്. [[Emil Bretschneider|എമിൽ ബ്രെറ്റ്സ്ച്ചനെയ്ഡറുടെ]] ബഹുമാനാർത്ഥമാണ് ഈ സസ്യത്തിന് നാമകരണം ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നു.<ref name=kew>{{cite journal |author=Various |title=[''In Memoriam'' for] Dr. Emil Bretschneider |journal=Bulletin of miscellaneous information / Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |pages=201–2 |year=1901 |publisher=Darling & Son, Ltd., for His Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11627600#page/206/mode/2up |accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref> [[തായ്‌ലാന്റ്|തായ്ലൻഡിൽ]] ഈ സസ്യം '''ചോംപൂ ഫു ഖാ''' (Thai: ชมพูภูคา) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. [[ഡോയി ഫു ഖ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം|ഡോയി ഫു ഖ ദേശീയോദ്യാനത്തിൽ]] ലുവാംഗ് പ്രാബാങ് മേഖലയിൽ ഈ സ്പീഷീസിനെ കണ്ടെത്തിയിരുന്നു. അവിടെ ഫെബ്രുവരിയിലും മാർച്ചിലുമാണ് ഈ സസ്യം പുഷ്പിക്കുന്നത്.<ref name="oocities.org">[http://www.oocities.org/CapitolHill/7069/doipuka.htm “Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan”]</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചൈനയിലെ മരങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തായ്വാനിലെ വൃക്ഷങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തായ്ലന്റിലെ മരങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബ്രെറ്റ്സ്ച്ചനെയ്ഡെറ]] 9bz5pdhsmzc8cr6iv3k3t1ycx16dcj5 0 473962 4644381 3660918 2026-07-08T09:46:19Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Pandanus balfourii}} {{taxobox |image = Pandanus_balfourii.jpg.jpg |image_caption = |status = VU |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite journal |author=Ismail, S. |author2=Huber, M.J. |author3=Mougal, J. |last-author-amp=yes |title=''Pandanus balfourii'' |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2011 |page=e.T30507A9554877 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=2011 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/30507/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T30507A9554877.en |access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> | regnum = [[Plantae]] | ordo = [[Pandanales]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] | familia = '''Pandanaceae''' |genus = Pandanus |species = balfourii |authority = Martelli }} കൈത ([[പൻഡാനേസീ]]) കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു ചെടിയാണ് '''പണ്ടാനസ് ബാല്ഫൗറി''' (ശാസ്ത്രീയനാമം Pandanus balfourii). അത് [[സെയ്‌ഷെൽസ്]] എന്ന രാജ്യത്തെ [[തദ്ദേശീയത]]<nowiki/>യുള്ള ചെടിയാണ്. സാധാരണ [[തീരദേശ സമതലം|തീരദേശ]]ത്താണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നതെങ്കിലും കൽപ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും ഇവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref name=iucn>{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/30507/0 |title=Pandanus balfourii (Balfour’s Pandanus) |publisher=Iucnredlist.org |date= |accessdate=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123084741/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/30507/0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q935484}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സെയ്ഷൽസിലെ ചെടികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പൻഡാനേസീ|balfourii]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] {{Pandanales-stub}} n6jtcn0b025cq68r9phii2skv50mva7 0 474102 4644356 4091384 2026-07-08T09:09:23Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Paepalanthus}} {{automatic taxobox |image = Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Paepalanthus giganteus.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Paepalanthus chiquitensis]]'' |taxon = Paepalanthus |authority = [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]] |range_map = Paepalanthus distribution.svg |range_map_caption = ''Paepalanthus'' distribution |synonyms_ref = <ref name=oasdif09ujksdaf/> |synonyms = *''Dupatya'' <small>[[José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo|Vell.]]</small> *''Cladocaulon'' <small>[[George Gardner (botanist)|Gardner]]</small> *''Blastocaulon'' <small>[[Wilhelm Otto Eugen Ruhland|Ruhland]]</small> *''Moldenkeanthus'' <small>[[Philippe Morat|Morat]]</small> }} [[എറിയോക്കോളേസീ]] എന്ന സസ്യ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു ജനുസ്സ് ആണ് '''''പിപ്പലാന്തസ്'''''. ഏകദേശം 300 സ്പീഷിസുകൾ ഈ ജീനസിൽ ഉണ്ട്. ആഫ്രിക്കയിലെയും ദക്ഷിണ അമേരിക്കയിലെയും ഉഷ്ണമേഖലാപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ ഈ ജനുസ്സ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ജപ്പാനിലും [[മഡഗാസ്കർ|മഡഗാസ്കറിലും]] ചില വകഭേദങ്ങൾ കാണുന്നുണ്ട്. <ref name=oasdif09ujksdaf>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=256404 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ജൂൺ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Trovó, M. & Takeo Sano, P. (2010). Taxonomic survey of ''Paepalanthus'' section ''Diphyomene'' (Eriocaulaceae). Phytotaxa 14: 49-55.</ref> [[ആക്റ്റിനോസെഫാലസ്]] എന്ന ജീനസ് ഈ ജീനസ്സിൽ നിന്നും വേർപെടുത്തിയതാണ്. ==ചില വകഭേദങ്ങൾ== *''[[Paepalanthus bromelioides]]'' {{Au|Silveira}} *''[[Paepalanthus celsus]]'' {{Au|Tissot-Sq.}} ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്== {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-42960835|title=Winning photos from the International Garden Photographer of the Year 2018, overall winner ''Cerrado Sunrise'', a landscape of ''Paepalanthus chiquitensis'' in the Cerrado, Brazil|website=BBC News|date=9 February 2018|author=Marcio Cabral|accessdate=9 February 2018|df=}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2539207}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:എറിയോക്കോളേസീ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സസ്യജനുസുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] 7kr38deiko1xjc8t5roj50kimqm117h 0 483954 4644400 3380645 2026-07-08T10:34:04Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Flora Iberica}} {{Infobox journal | title = ഫ്ലോറ ഐബറിക്ക | abbreviation = Flora Iber. | editor = | discipline = [[Botany]] | language = Spanish | frequency = | publisher = [[Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid]] | country = Spain | history = 1980-present | website = http://www.floraiberica.es/ | ISSN = | OCLC = }} സസ്യശാസ്ത്രത്തിലെ ഒരു [[സ്പാനിഷ്]] ശാസ്ത്ര ജേണലാണ് '''''Flora Iberica''': Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floraiberica.es/|title=Flora Iberica |accessdate=2013-03-22}} {{In lang|es}}</ref>. 1980 ലാണ് ഇത് അംഗീകൃതമായത്.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floraiberica.es/proyecto/preambulo.php|title=Foreword and history|accessdate=2013-03-22}} {{In lang|es}}</ref> ഇത് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചത് [[Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid|റീയൽ ജാർഡൻ ബോട്ടിനിക്കോ ഡി മാഡ്രിഡാണ്]]. ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്പെയിനിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സ്പാനിഷ്-ഭാഷ ജേർണലുകൾ]] 9kcmduaiifcq1z9irfoc9fhkzdxyy7e 0 487247 4644295 3929369 2026-07-08T04:16:20Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Waling-waling}} {{taxobox | image = Waling waling orchid.jpg | name = ''വാൻഡ സാൻഡെറിയാന'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] | ordo = [[Orchidales]] | familia = [[Orchidaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]] | subtribus = [[Aeridinae]] | genus = ''[[Vanda]]'' | species = '''''V. sanderiana ''''' | binomial = ''Vanda sanderiana '' | binomial_authority = (Rchb.f.) [[Schltr.]] 1914 | synonyms = * ''Euanthe sanderiana'' <small>([[Rchb.f.]]) [[Rudolf Schlechter|Schlechter]] 1914</small> * ''Esmeralda sanderiana'' <small>[[Rchb.f.]] 1882</small><ref>{{cite web | title =Vanda Sanderiana | url =http://www.orchidsonline.com.au/node/599 | accessdate =2009-08-23 | archive-date =2013-12-30 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231531/http://www.orchidsonline.com.au/node/599 | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="ESC">{{cite web | title =Vanda Sanderiana Culture | url=http://www.orchidculture.com/COD/FREE/FS317.html | accessdate = 2009-08-23}}</ref> }} [[Orchidaceae|ഓർക്കിഡ്]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു പുഷ്പമാണ് '''''വാൻഡ സാൻഡെറിയാന.''''' ഇതിനെ സാധാരണയായി '''വാലിംഗ്-വാലിംഗ്''' എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web | title =Vanda sanderiana(Waling-waling Orchid) | url=http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/E/Euanthe__sanderiana/ | accessdate = 2009-08-23}}</ref> പ്രശസ്ത ഓർക്കിഡോളജിസ്റ്റായ [[Henry Frederick Conrad Sander|ഹെൻറി ഫ്രെഡറിക് കോൺറാഡ് സാണ്ടറിന്]] ശേഷം,<ref name="tacio">{{cite web | last=Tacio | first=Henrylito D. | title=Waling-Waling: Magnificent Yet Endangered | url=http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=1776723333&page_url=%2f%2fwww.bansalan.com%2fhenry%2fwaling-waling.htm&page_last_updated=4%2f1%2f2009+9%3a00%3a44+AM&firstName=Domingo&lastName=Madulid | accessdate=2009-08-26 }}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Philippines|ഫിലിപ്പൈൻസിൽ]] ഇതിനെ '''സാണ്ടേഴ്‌സ് വാൻഡ''' എന്നും വിളിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web | title =Vanda sanderiana [Rchb.f] Schlechter 1914 | work = The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia| url=http://www.orchidspecies.com/euanthesanderiana.htm | accessdate = 2009-08-23}}</ref> ഈ ഓർക്കിഡിനെ "ഫിലിപ്പൈൻ പുഷ്പങ്ങളുടെ രാജ്ഞി" ആയി കണക്കാക്കുന്നു. ഇതിനെ തദ്ദേശീയരായ [[Lumad people|ബാഗോബോ ജനത]] ഒരു [[diwata|ദിവാറ്റ]]യായി ആരാധിക്കുന്നു .<ref name="tacio"/> [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|ഹെൻ‌റിക് ഗുസ്താവ് റീചെൻ‌ബാച്ച്]] വാൻഡ സാൻ‌ഡെറിയാന എന്ന് നാമകരണം ചെയ്തു. == ഇതും കാണുക == * [[മരവാഴ]] == അവലംബം== {{Reflist|2}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ == * {{commons-inline|Vanda sanderiana|Waling-waling (''Vanda sanderiana'')}} * {{Wikispecies-inline|Vanda sanderiana|Waling-waling (''Vanda sanderiana'')}} {{Symbols of the Philippines}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:അധിസസ്യ-ഓർക്കിഡുകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മരവാഴകൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫിലിപ്പൈൻസിലെ ദേശീയ ചിഹ്നങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മിൻഡാനാവോയിലെ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓർക്കിഡേസീ]] 07bmub1hb8g49jupznu4j9l7dk1ebu9 0 489923 4644255 4526113 2026-07-07T19:05:42Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Ezhukone railway station}} {{Infobox Station | name = Ezhukone | style = Indian railway | type = [[Regional rail]], [[Light rail]] & [[Commuter rail]] station | image = Ezhukone railway station, Aug 2015.jpg | caption = എഴുകോൺ തീവണ്ടിനിലയം | address = [[Ezhukone]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Kerala]] | country = [[India]] | coordinates = {{coord|8.979390|76.715308|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | elevation = | owned = [[Indian Railways]] | operator = [[Southern Railway zone]] | lines = [[Kollam–Sengottai branch line]] | platforms = 1 | tracks = 1 | connections = | structure = At–grade | parking = Available | disabled = <!---{{Access icon|20px}}---> | status = Functioning | code = {{Indian railway code | code = EKN | zone = [[Southern Railway zone]] | division = [[Madurai railway division]] }} | zone = [[Indian Railways]] | opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1904}} | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = No | former = | passengers = | pass_system = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | route_map = {{Kollam–Sengottai branch line}} | map_state = collapsed | map_locator = }}<nowiki> </nowiki>[[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയിലെ]] [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] [[കൊല്ലം ജില്ല|കൊല്ലം ജില്ലയിൽ]] സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്ന ഒരു റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷനാണ് '''എഴുകോൺ റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ''' (കോഡ്: ഇകെഎൻ) അഥവാ '''എഴുകോൺ തീവണ്ടിനിലയം'''. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/ezhukone-ekn/7324|title=Ezhukone railway station|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=India Rail Info}}</ref> [[ദക്ഷിണ റെയിൽവേ|സതേൺ റെയിൽ‌വേ സോണിലെ]] [[മധുര റെയിൽവേ ഡിവിഷൻ|മധുര റെയിൽ‌വേ ഡിവിഷന്]] കീഴിലാണ് ഈസുകോൺ റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ വരുന്നത്. കൊല്ലം ജില്ലയിലെ 26 റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷനുകളിൽ ഒന്നാണിത്. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kollamcorporation.gov.in/about-kollam|title=About Kollam – Kollam Corporation|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=Kollam Corporation|archive-date=2016-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231123439/http://www.kollamcorporation.gov.in/about-kollam|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ഇന്ത്യൻ റെയിൽവേ]] എഴുകോണിനെ ഇന്ത്യയിൽ [[കൊല്ലം|കൊല്ലം]], [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[കോട്ടയം|കോട്ടയം]], [[എറണാകുളം]], [[തൃശ്ശൂർ]], [[നാഗർകോവിൽ|നാഗർകോവിൽ]], [[തിരുനെൽ‌വേലി|തിരുനെൽവേലി]][[കന്യാകുമാരി]], [[മധുര]] പോലെ വിവിധ നഗരങ്ങളേയും [[പുനലൂർ]], [[പരവൂർ|പറവൂർ]], [[കൊട്ടാരക്കര|കൊട്ടാരക്കര]], [[കായംകുളം]], [[കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി]], [[വർക്കല]], [[നെയ്യാറ്റിൻകര]], തുടങ്ങിയ വിവിധ ഗ്രാമങ്ങളെയും ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. . [[കുണ്ടറ ഈസ്റ്റ് തീവണ്ടിനിലയം|കുണ്ടറ ഈസ്റ്റ്]], [[കൊട്ടാരക്കര തീവണ്ടിനിലയം|കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] എന്നിവയാണ് ഏറ്റവും അടുത്തുള്ള റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷനുകൾ. കടന്നുപോകുന്ന ഏഴ് ജോഡി ട്രെയിനുകളും എഴുകോൺ റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷനിൽ നിർത്തുന്നു. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Punalur-Kanyakumari-Train-Service-Begins/2014/09/02/article2409810.ece|title=Punalur-Kanyakumari Train Service Begins|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=TNIE|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013142/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Punalur-Kanyakumari-Train-Service-Begins/2014/09/02/article2409810.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> == പ്രാധാന്യം == കൊല്ലം ജില്ലയിലെ ജനസാന്ദ്രതയുള്ള പ്രദേശമാണ് എഴുകോൺ. പ്രദേശത്തെ വിവിധ സ്കൂളുകൾ, കോളേജുകൾ, ആശുപത്രികൾ, സർക്കാർ ഓഫീസുകൾ എന്നിവയോടൊപ്പമുള്ള എഴുകോൺ റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷന് പ്രാധാന്യം ലഭിച്ചു. ഈ റെയിൽ‌വേ സ്റ്റേഷന് വളരെ അടുത്താണ് എഴുകോണിലെ ഇ‌എസ്‌ഐ ആശുപത്രി, എക്സൈസ് റേഞ്ച് ഓഫീസ്, ശ്രീ നരിയാന ഗുരു സീനിയർ സെക്കൻഡറി സെൻ‌ട്രൽ സ്കൂൾ തുടങ്ങിയവ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esichezhukone.in/|title=Ezhukone ESI|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=ESIC|archive-date=2019-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806145149/http://esichezhukone.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaexcise.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&Itemid=71|title=Excise Offices in Kollam|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=Kerala Excise}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=മേയ് 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sngcs.org/sngcsLc.php|title=Sree Naryana Guru Senior Secondary Central School, Ezhukone|access-date=25 February 2015|archive-date=2019-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023010243/https://www.sngcs.org/sngcsLc.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/foundation-laid-for-paramedical-institute-at-ezhukone/article5728065.ece|title=Foundation laid for paramedical institute at Ezhukone|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=The Hindu}}</ref> സ്റ്റേഷൻ പോലുള്ള മേഖലകളിൽ സേവനം [[പവിത്രേശ്വരം ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|പവിത്രേശ്വരം]], [[ചീരങ്കാവ്]], മരനാട് പോച്ചംകോണം, ഇരുമ്പങ്ങാട്, നെടുവത്തൂർ, നീലേശ്വരം, ഒപ്പം എടക്കിടം . == സേവനങ്ങൾ == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" ! rowspan="1" scope="col" | ട്രെയിൻ നമ്പർ ! rowspan="1" scope="col" | ഉറവിടം ! rowspan="1" scope="col" | ലക്ഷ്യസ്ഥാനം ! rowspan="1" scope="col" | പേര് / തരം |- | valign="center" | 56715 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[കന്യാകുമാരി തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|കന്യാകുമാരി]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56332 | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56331 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56334 | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56700 | valign="center" | മധുര | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56333 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56336 | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56365 | valign="center" | [[ഗുരുവായൂർ തീവണ്ടിനിലയം|ഗുരുവായൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | ഫാസ്റ്റ് പാസഞ്ചർ |- | valign="center" | 56335 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56701 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | മധുര | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56366 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[ഗുരുവായൂർ തീവണ്ടിനിലയം|ഗുരുവായൂർ]] | valign="center" | ഫാസ്റ്റ് പാസഞ്ചർ |- | valign="center" | 56338 | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56716 | valign="center" | [[കന്യാകുമാരി തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|കന്യാകുമാരി]] | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |- | valign="center" | 56337 | valign="center" | [[പുനലൂർ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|പുനലൂർ]] | valign="center" | [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ]] | valign="center" | യാത്രക്കാരൻ |} == ഇതും കാണുക == * [[കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്‌ഷൻ തീവണ്ടിയാപ്പീസ്|കൊല്ലം ജംഗ്ഷൻ റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ]] * [[പരവൂർ തീവണ്ടിനിലയം|പരവൂർ റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ]] * [[കുണ്ടറ തീവണ്ടി നിലയം|കുന്ദര റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ]] * കൊട്ടാരക്കര റെയിൽവേ സ്റ്റേഷൻ == പരാമർശങ്ങൾ == {{Reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:തിരുവനന്തപുരം റെയിൽവേ ഡിവിഷൻ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കൊല്ലം ജില്ലയിലെ തീവണ്ടി നിലയങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:Coordinates on Wikidata]] hmoymqtv84el3vrv1t176gdzp69ymd7 0 504994 4644292 3828515 2026-07-08T03:08:32Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kangayam Cattle}} {{Infobox cattle breed | name = കാങ്കയം പശു | image = Kangayam 01.JPG | image_alt = കാങ്കയം പശു | image_caption = കാങ്കയം പശു | status = | altname = കാങ്കയം പശു | country = ഇന്ത്യ | nickname = | femaleheight = | BodyLength = | coat = കറുപ്പ്, ചാരം, ചുവപ്പ്, വെളുപ്പ് | horn = | use = [[Dairy]] | distribution = തമിഴ്‌നാട് | subspecies = | note =Used for dairy. }} ഇന്ത്യൻ സംസ്ഥാനമായ തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ [[തിരുപ്പൂർ]] ജില്ലയിലെ കാങ്കയം  താലൂക്കിലെ ഈറോഡ് , കരൂർ , നാമക്കൽ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന നാടൻ [[പശു]] ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണ് കാങ്കയം പശു. Kangayam Cow (Tamil : காங்கயம் /காங்கேயம்) ഈ ഇനം ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രശസ്തമായ തദ്ദേശീയ ഇനമാണ്. ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യയുടെ കാർഷിക പ്രതീകമായ കന്നുകാലികളുടെ വളരെ പ്രശസ്തമായ പൗരാണിക പാരമ്പര്യമുള്ള കാങ്കയം ഇനം, ലോകത്തിന്റെ പല ഭാഗങ്ങളിലേക്കും സങ്കര പ്രജനനത്തിനായി കയറ്റി അയക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>detailed study report published the website of National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources</ref> ===പേരിനു പിന്നിൽ=== കങ്കയം ഇനത്തെ “കങ്കനാട്”, “കോങ്കു” എന്നും വിളിക്കുന്നു<ref>https://www.dairyknowledge.in/article/kangayam</ref>. കോയമ്പത്തൂർ, ഈറോഡ്, ദിണ്ടിഗുൾ, കരൂർ, തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ നമക്കൽ ജില്ല എന്നിവിടങ്ങളാണ് ഈ ഇനത്തിന്റെ പ്രജനനകേന്ദ്രം അതുകൊണ്ട് തന്നെ തദ്ദേശീയമായ സ്ഥലപ്പേരോട് കൂടി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. ===മറ്റ് പ്രത്യേകതകൾ === ഹരിയാനയിലെ കർണാൽ ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള നാഷണൽ ബ്യൂറോ ഓഫ് അനിമൽ ജെനിറ്റിക് റിസോഴ്‌സസ് (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources) ബ്രീഡ് രജിസ്ട്രേഷൻ കമ്മിറ്റി, ഇന്ത്യയിലെ തനി നാടൻപശുക്കളുടെ വിഭാഗത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തി രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്തിട്ടുള്ള 43 ഇനം പശുക്കളിൽ ഒന്നാണ് ഈ വിഭാഗം. ഉയർന്ന ഗുണനിലവാരമുള്ള പോഷകങ്ങൾ കങ്കയം പശുക്കളുടെ പാലിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. സാധാരണഗതിയിൽ, ഈ ഇനത്തിന് പാൽ ഉൽപാദന സമയത്ത് പ്രതിദിനം 1.8 ലിറ്റർ മുതൽ 2.0 ലിറ്റർ പാൽ വരെ ലഭിക്കും കങ്കയം കന്നുകാലികളുടെ ശരാശരി മുലയൂട്ടൽ പാൽ വിളവ് 540 കിലോഗ്രാം ആണ്, ശരാശരി പാൽ കൊഴുപ്പ് 3.9%. ചെറുതും വലുതുമായ രണ്ട് തരം കങ്കയം കന്നുകാലികളുണ്ട്. ചെറിയ ഇനം കങ്കയം, ധരംപുരം, ഉദുമൽപേട്ട്, പൊള്ളാച്ചി, പടടം, ഈറോഡ് ഉപവിഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു, അതേസമയം വലിയ ഇനം തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ കരൂർ, അരവകുർച്ചി, ദിണ്ടിഗുൾ ഉപവിഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഈയിനം സാധാരണയായി ചാരനിറമോ വെളുത്ത നിറമോ ആയിരിക്കും.  ജനിക്കുമ്പോൾ ചുവപ്പ് നിറമാണ്, അതിനു ശേഷം 6 മാസം പ്രായമാകുമ്പോൾ ചാരനിറത്തിലേക്ക് മാറുന്നു. കാളകൾ  സാധാരണയായി ചാരനിറത്തിലുള്ളവരാണ്, തലയിലും കഴുത്തിലും  കറുപ്പ് (ഇരുണ്ട ചാര) നിറത്തിലുള്ള അടയാളങ്ങൾ കണ്ട് വരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbagr.res.in/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2020-04-05 |archive-date=2019-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520230505/http://nbagr.res.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===പുറത്തേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ === http://kangayambull.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123161551/http://kangayambull.org/ |date=2017-01-23 }} https://www.kangayambull.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217153344/https://www.kangayambull.com/ |date=2020-02-17 }} https://www.dairyknowledge.in/article/kangayam https://www.kangayambull.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217153344/https://www.kangayambull.com/ |date=2020-02-17 }} ===ചിത്രശാല === <gallery widths="140px" heights="120px" perrow="5" align="center"> Kangayam 01.JPG Kangayam 02.JPG Kangayam bull, Kolathupalayam Getticheviyur (1).jpg Kangayam bulls, Kolathupalayam Getticheviyur.jpg KANKEYAM BREED.jpg KANKEYAM BREED.jpg </gallery> ===അവലംബം === Reading Problems? Click here {{Cattle breeds of India}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യൻ കന്നുകാലിയിനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കന്നുകാലി വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ]] 1o55gfpt2s64ll1tf6hgsvups2l3i21 0 506800 4644417 4629307 2026-07-08T11:26:41Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|COVID-19 testing}} {{2019–20 coronavirus pandemic sidebar|expanded=medical}} '''കോവിഡ്-19 പരിശോധന'''യിൽ [[സിവിയർ അക്യൂട്ട് റെസ്പിറേറ്ററി സിൻഡ്രോം കൊറോണ വൈറസ് 2|SARS-CoV-2]] വൈറസിനെ തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ കഴിയും. കൂടാതെ വൈറസിന്റെ സാന്നിധ്യം കണ്ടെത്തുന്ന രീതികളും ([[ആർ.ടി-പി.സി.ആർ|RT-PCR]], ഐസോതെർമൽ ന്യൂക്ലിക് ആസിഡ് ആംപ്ലിഫിക്കേഷൻ) അണുബാധയ്ക്കുള്ള പ്രതികരണമായി ഉൽ‌പാദിപ്പിക്കുന്ന [[Antibody|ആന്റിബോഡികൾ]] കണ്ടെത്തുന്ന രീതികളും ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. രോഗനിർണയത്തിനും ജനസംഖ്യ നിരീക്ഷണത്തിനും ആന്റിബോഡികളുടെ കണ്ടെത്തൽ (സീറോളജി) ഉപയോഗിക്കാം. രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ നിസ്സാരമോ ലക്ഷണമില്ലാത്തവരോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ എത്രപേർക്ക് രോഗം ബാധിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടെന്ന് ആന്റിബോഡി പരിശോധനകൾ കാണിക്കുന്നു. ഈ പരിശോധനയുടെ ഫലങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് രോഗത്തിന്റെ കൃത്യമായ മരണനിരക്കും ജനസംഖ്യയിലെ പ്രതിരോധശേഷിയും നിർണ്ണയിക്കാൻ കഴിയും. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ഈ രോഗപ്രതിരോധ പ്രതികരണത്തിന്റെ കാലാവധിയും ഫലപ്രാപ്തിയും ഇപ്പോഴും വ്യക്തമല്ല.<ref name=JAMA_anibody>{{cite journal |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764954 |title= The Promise and Peril of Antibody Testing for COVID-19 |publisher=JAMA Network |access-date=April 20, 2020|date = April 17, 2020|doi= 10.1001/jama.2020.6170 |last1= Abbasi |first1= Jennifer |journal= JAMA |pmid= 32301958 }}</ref> പരിമിതമായ പരിശോധന കാരണം, 2020 മാർച്ച് വരെ ഒരു രാജ്യത്തിനും അവരുടെ ജനസംഖ്യയിൽ വൈറസിന്റെ വ്യാപനത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് വിശ്വസനീയമായ വിവരങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല.<ref>{{cite news|title=A fiasco in the making? As the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data|date=17 March 2020|author=Ioannidis, John P.A.|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/17/a-fiasco-in-the-making-as-the-coronavirus-pandemic-takes-hold-we-are-making-decisions-without-reliable-data/|publisher=STAT|accessdate=22 March 2020}}</ref>ഏപ്രിൽ 21 വരെ, ടെസ്റ്റിംഗ് ഡാറ്റ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച രാജ്യങ്ങൾ അവരുടെ ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 1.2% ന് തുല്യമായ നിരവധി പരിശോധനകൾ നടത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, ഒരു രാജ്യവും ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 12.8% ൽ കൂടുതൽ സാമ്പിളുകൾ പരീക്ഷിച്ചിട്ടില്ല.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/full-list-cumulative-total-tests-per-thousand|title=Total tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people|website=Our World in Data|access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref>രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ ഉടനീളം എത്രമാത്രം പരിശോധന നടത്തിയെന്നതിൽ ഏറ്റക്കുറവുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2020/04/10/coronavirus-covid-19-small-nations-iceland-big-data/2959797001/ |title= Iceland has tested more of its population for coronavirus than anywhere else. Here's what it learned |publisher= USA Today|access-date=April 16, 2020|date = April 11, 2020}}</ref>[[Sampling bias|സാംപ്ലിംഗ് ബയസ്]] കാരണം പല രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും അമിതമായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള റിപ്പോർട്ടുചെയ്‌ത മരണനിരക്കിനെ ഈ പരിവർത്തനശീലനത ബാധിച്ചേക്കാം.<ref name=":1">Ward, D. (April 2020) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340539075_Sampling_Bias_Explaining_Wide_Variations_in_COVID-19_Case_Fatality_Rates "Sampling Bias: Explaining Wide Variations in COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates"]. WardEnvironment.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200401-coronavirus-why-death-and-mortality-rates-differ|title=Coronavirus: Why death and mortality rates differ|last=Henriques|first=Martha|website=bbc.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite document | url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050633v2.full.pdf |doi = 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050633|title = Explaining national differences in the mortality of Covid-19: Individual patient simulation model to investigate the effects of testing policy and other factors on apparent mortality|year = 2020|last1 = Michaels|first1 = Jonathan A.|last2 = Stevenson|first2 = Matt D.}}</ref> == പരീക്ഷണ രീതികൾ == ===RT-PCR=== തത്സമയ [[റിവേഴ്സ് ട്രാൻസ്ക്രിപ്ഷൻ പോളിമെറേയ്സ് ചെയിൻ റിയാക്ഷൻ|റിവേഴ്സ് ട്രാൻസ്ക്രിപ്ഷൻ പോളിമറേസ് ചെയിൻ റിയാക്ഷൻ]] ([[ആർ.ടി-പി.സി.ആർ|ആർ‌ടി-പി‌സി‌ആർ]]) ഉപയോഗിച്ച് <ref name="20200130cdc">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html |title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Summary |date=30 January 2020 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126210549/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html |archive-date=26 January 2020 |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> [[Nasopharyngeal swab|നാസോഫരിഞ്ചൽ സ്വാബ്]] അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കഫം സാമ്പിൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെ വിവിധ രീതികളിലൂടെ ലഭിച്ച ശ്വസന സാമ്പിളുകളിൽ പരിശോധന നടത്താം.<ref name="20200129cdc">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html |title=Real-Time RT-PCR Panel for Detection 2019-nCoV |date=29 January 2020 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202031/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html |archive-date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>ഫലങ്ങൾ സാധാരണയായി കുറച്ച് മണിക്കൂറുകൾ മുതൽ 2 ദിവസത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ലഭ്യമാണ്.<ref name="globenewswire1977226">{{cite web |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html |title=Curetis Group Company Ares Genetics and BGI Group Collaborate to Offer Next-Generation Sequencing and PCR-based Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Testing in Europe |date=30 January 2020 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131201626/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html |archive-date=31 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>തൊണ്ട കൈലേസിൻറെ സഹായത്തോടെ നടത്തിയ ആർ‌ടി-പി‌സി‌ആർ പരിശോധന രോഗത്തിൻറെ ആദ്യ ആഴ്ചയിൽ മാത്രം വിശ്വസനീയമാണ്. പിന്നീട് വൈറസ് ശ്വാസകോശത്തിൽ പെരുകുന്നത് തുടരുമ്പോൾ തൊണ്ടയിൽ അപ്രത്യക്ഷമാകും. രണ്ടാം ആഴ്‌ചയിൽ പരീക്ഷിച്ച രോഗബാധിതർക്ക്, സക്ഷൻ കത്തീറ്റർ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ആഴത്തിലുള്ള എയർവേകളിൽ നിന്ന് സാമ്പിൾ മെറ്റീരിയൽ എടുക്കാം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കഫ്ഡ് മെറ്റീരിയൽ (കഫം ) ഉപയോഗിക്കാം.<ref name="chrdrosten20200326">{{cite web |last=Drosten|first=Christian|url=https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/coronaskript146.pdf |title=Coronavirus-Update Folge 22 |date=26 March 2020 |website=NDR |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331101408/https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/coronaskript146.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="200px" > File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6313 (cropped).jpg|Demonstration of a [[nasopharyngeal swab]] for COVID-19 testing File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6306 (cropped).jpg|Demonstration of a [[throat swab]] for COVID-19 testing File:Cycler offen.JPG|A PCR machine </gallery> ===ഐസോതെർമൽ ആംപ്ലിഫിക്കേഷൻ അസ്സയ്സ്=== 2020 മാർച്ച് 27 ന്, എഫ്ഡി‌എ ഒരു ഐസോതെർമൽ ന്യൂക്ലിക് ആസിഡ് ആംപ്ലിഫിക്കേഷൻ രീതി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന അബോട്ട് ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഒരു "ഓട്ടോമേറ്റഡ് അസ്സേ" അംഗീകരിച്ചു. <ref name="Letter from FDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136522/download |publisher=FDA |title= Letter from FDA|access-date=April 2, 2020|date = March 27, 2020}}</ref> === സീറോളജി === [[File:Antibody tester.jpg|thumb|Antibody tester, used for example to find SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.]] മിക്ക സീറോളജി ടെസ്റ്റുകളും വികസനത്തിന്റെ ഗവേഷണ ഘട്ടത്തിലാണ്.<ref name=CHS2020/> ഏപ്രിൽ 15 വരെ, എഫ്ഡി‌എ [[Emergency Use Authorization|എമർജൻസി യൂസ് ഓതറൈസേഷൻ]] (ഇയുഎ) പ്രകാരം യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ രോഗനിർണയത്തിനായി നാല് പരിശോധനകൾക്ക് അംഗീകാരം ലഭിച്ചു.<ref name=CHS2020/><ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Serological Tests |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |date=April 7, 2020 |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-serological-tests |accessdate=2020-04-09 }}</ref>ചെമ്പിയോ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് സിസ്റ്റം, ഓർത്തോ ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സ്, മൗണ്ട് സിനായി ലബോറട്ടറി, സെല്ലെക്സ് എന്നിവയാണ് പരിശോധനകൾ. നാല് പരിശോധനകളും ഒരു ലബോറട്ടറിയിൽ നടത്തണം.<ref name=cellex_eua/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136966/download |title=Ortho Emergency Use Authorization|publisher= FDA |access-date=April 15, 2020|date =April 14, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.fda.gov/media/136965/download|title=Chembio Emergency Use Authorization|publisher= FDA|access-date=April 15, 2020|date =April 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name=MtSinai_EUA>{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/media/137032/download |title= Mount Sinai Emergency Use Authorization|publisher= FDA|access-date=April 18, 2020|date = April 15, 2020}}</ref> പരിശോധനകളിൽ സെല്ലെക്സും ചെമ്പിയോയും [[റാപിഡ് ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് ടെസ്റ്റ്|റാപിഡ് ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് ടെസ്റ്റുകളാണ്]] (ആർ‌ഡിടി). ഫലങ്ങൾ നൽകാൻ 10–30 മിനിറ്റ് എടുക്കും. പരിശോധനകളിൽ ഓർത്തോയും മൗണ്ട് സീനായിയും എൻസൈം ലിങ്ക്ഡ് ഇമ്യൂണോസോർബന്റ് അസ്സേ ([[ELISA|എലിസ]]) പരിശോധനകളാണ്. ഇത് ഫലങ്ങൾ നൽകാൻ 1–5 മണിക്കൂർ എടുക്കും.<ref name=CHS2020/>ചൈനയിൽ, സെല്ലെക്സ് പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് 95.6% [[Sensitivity and specificity|വ്യക്തതയും]] 93.8% [[Sensitivity and specificity|സംവേദനക്ഷമതയും]] ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. <ref name=CHS2020>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html |title=Serology-based tests for COVID-19 |publisher=Johns Hopkins |access-date=April 10, 2020 |archive-date=2020-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529223629/http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>മറ്റ് രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ മറ്റ് പരിശോധനകൾക്ക് അംഗീകാരം ലഭിച്ചു.<ref name=CHS2020/> ഈ പരിശോധനകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് നിരവധി രാജ്യങ്ങൾ അവരുടെ ജനസംഖ്യയെക്കുറിച്ച് വലിയ തോതിൽ സർവേകൾ ആരംഭിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web |title=NIH Begins Study to Quantify Undetected Cases of Coronavirus Infection {{!}} NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/nih-begins-study-quantify-undetected-cases-coronavirus-infection |website=niaid.nih.gov |accessdate=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mandavilli |first1=Apoorva |last2=Thomas |first2=Katie |title=Will an Antibody Test Allow Us to Go Back to School or Work? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/health/coronavirus-antibody-test.html |accessdate=11 April 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=10 April 2020}}</ref>കാലിഫോർണിയയിൽ നടത്തിയ ഒരു പഠനത്തിൽ രാജ്യത്ത് ആന്റിബോഡി പരിശോധന നടത്തിയതിൽ കൊറോണ വൈറസ് കേസുകളുടെ എണ്ണം ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ 2.5 മുതൽ 4.2% വരെയാണ്. അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ച കേസുകളുടെ എണ്ണത്തേക്കാൾ 50 മുതൽ 85 മടങ്ങ് വരെ കൂടുതലാണ്.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.20043067v1 |title= Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence in Santa Clara County|publisher=medrxiv.org |access-date=April 17, 2020|date =March 27, 2020 |doi= 10.1101/2020.03.24.20043067|last1= Yadlowsky|first1= Steve|last2= Shah|first2= Nigam|last3= Steinhardt|first3= Jacob|journal=Medrxiv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01095-0 |title= Antibody tests suggest that coronavirus infections vastly exceed official counts |publisher=Nature |access-date=April 20, 2020|date = April 19, 2020}}</ref> [[File:Corona antibody test.jpg|thumb|A SARS-CoV-2 antibody test performed.]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] എന്നിവയുൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ആന്റിബോഡികളുടെ ഉത്പാദനമാണ് അണുബാധയ്ക്കുള്ള രോഗപ്രതിരോധ പ്രതികരണത്തിന്റെ ഒരു ഭാഗം. എഫ്ഡി‌എയുടെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ, പ്രാഥമിക അണുബാധയ്ക്ക് ദിവസങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം SARS-CoV-2 ലേക്കുള്ള IgM ആന്റിബോഡികൾ സാധാരണയായി രക്തത്തിൽ കണ്ടെത്താനാകും.<ref name=cellex_eua>{{cite web |url= https://www.fda.gov/media/136622/download |title=Cellex Emergency Use Authorization |publisher= FDA|access-date=April 10, 2020|date = April 1, 2020}}</ref>SARS-CoV-2 ലേക്കുള്ള IgG ആന്റിബോഡികൾ സാധാരണയായി അണുബാധയ്ക്ക് 10-14 ദിവസത്തിനുശേഷം കണ്ടെത്താനാകും. എന്നിരുന്നാലും അവ നേരത്തെ കണ്ടെത്തിയേക്കാം, സാധാരണയായി അണുബാധ ആരംഭിച്ച് 28 ദിവസത്തിനുശേഷം മൂർധന്യത്തിലെത്തുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/health/coronavirus-antibody-test.html |title= Will an Antibody Test Allow Us to Go Back to School or Work? |work=New York Times |access-date=April 15, 2020|date =April 10, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=MtSinai_EUA/>രോഗം പിടിപെട്ട ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ ശതമാനം നിർണ്ണയിക്കാൻ ആന്റിബോഡി പരിശോധനകൾ ഉപയോഗിക്കാം. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ഈ രോഗപ്രതിരോധ പ്രതികരണം എത്രമാത്രമുണ്ടെന്നും എത്രത്തോളം, ഫലപ്രദമാണെന്ന് ഇപ്പോഴും വ്യക്തമല്ല.<ref name=JAMA_anibody/><ref name=SA_immun>McKenna, Stacey. (10 April 2020). "What Immunity to COVID-19 Really Means". [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-immunity-to-covid-19-really-means/ Scientific American website] Retrieved 17 April 2020.</ref>ഒരു വ്യക്തിക്ക് ഒരിക്കൽ രോഗം ബാധിച്ചാൽ രണ്ട് മൂന്ന് മാസം കഴിഞ്ഞ് രണ്ടാമത്തെ അണുബാധ ഉണ്ടാകാനുള്ള സാധ്യത കുറവാണെന്ന് അനുമാനിക്കാം, എന്നാൽ ആ പ്രതിരോധശേഷി എത്രത്തോളം നിലനിൽക്കുമെന്ന് അറിയില്ല.<ref name=Nature_antibody>{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01115-z |title= Will antibody tests for the coronavirus really change everything? |publisher=Nature |access-date=April 20, 2020|date = April 18, 2020}}</ref>COVID ‑ 19 ൽ നിന്ന് കരകയറിയതും നേരിയ ലക്ഷണങ്ങളുള്ളതുമായ 175 പേരെ ചൈനയിൽ നടത്തിയ പഠനത്തിൽ 10 വ്യക്തികളിൽ കണ്ടെത്താനാകുന്ന സംരക്ഷണ ആന്റിബോഡികൾ നിർമ്മിച്ചിട്ടില്ല.<ref name=Nature_antibody/> സെൻട്രൽ ലബോറട്ടറികളിലോ (സി‌എൽ‌ടി) അല്ലെങ്കിൽ [[Point-of-care testing|പോയിന്റ്-ഓഫ്-കെയർ ടെസ്റ്റിംഗിലൂടെയോ]] (പിഒസിടി) അസ്സെകൾ നടത്താം. പല ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ലബോറട്ടറികളിലെയും ഉയർന്ന ത്രൂപുട്ട് ഓട്ടോമേറ്റഡ് സിസ്റ്റങ്ങൾക്ക് ഈ അസ്സെകൾ നടത്താൻ കഴിയും. പക്ഷേ അവയുടെ ലഭ്യത ഓരോ സിസ്റ്റത്തിന്റെയും ഉൽപാദന നിരക്കിനെ ആശ്രയിച്ചിരിക്കും. രോഗപ്രതിരോധ പ്രതികരണത്തെ പിന്തുടരാൻ മാതൃകകളുടെ ശ്രേണി ഉപയോഗിക്കാമെങ്കിലും സി‌എൽ‌ടിയെ സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം പെരിഫറൽ രക്തത്തിന്റെ ഒരു മാതൃക സാധാരണയായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. PoCT നായി രക്തത്തിന്റെ ഒരൊറ്റ മാതൃക സാധാരണയായി ത്വക്ക് പഞ്ചറിലൂടെ ലഭിക്കും. പി‌സി‌ആർ രീതികളിൽ നിന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്തമായി അസ്സെയ്ക്ക് മുമ്പ് ഒരു എക്സ്ട്രാക്ഷൻ സ്റ്റെപ്പ് ആവശ്യമില്ല. 2020 മാർച്ച് അവസാനത്തിൽ നിരവധി കമ്പനികൾക്ക് അവരുടെ ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾക്ക് യൂറോപ്യൻ അംഗീകാരങ്ങൾ ലഭിച്ചു. പരീക്ഷണ ശേഷി മണിക്കൂറുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ നൂറുകണക്കിന് സാമ്പിളുകളാണ്. അണുബാധ ആരംഭിച്ച് 14 ദിവസത്തിനുശേഷം ആന്റിബോഡികൾ സാധാരണയായി കണ്ടെത്താനാകും.<ref>Fellmann F. (March 2020). (in German) [https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/jetzt-beginnt-die-suche-nach-den-genesenen-805626443803 "Jetzt beginnt die Suche nach den Genesenen"]. ''Tages Anzeiger''. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</ref> ഏപ്രിൽ തുടക്കത്തിൽ, യുകെ വാങ്ങിയ ആന്റിബോഡി ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകളൊന്നും ഉപയോഗിക്കാൻ പര്യാപ്തമല്ലെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തി.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chris Smyth |last2=Dominic Kennedy |last3=Billy Kenber |title=Britain has millions of coronavirus antibody tests, but they don't work |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/britain-has-millions-of-coronavirus-antibody-tests-but-they-don-t-work-j7kb55g89 |accessdate=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Times]] |date=6 April 2020 |language=en |quote=None of the antibody tests ordered by the government is good enough to use, the new testing chief has admitted. Professor John Newton said that tests ordered from China}}</ref> ===മെഡിക്കൽ ഇമേജിംഗ്=== പതിവ് സ്ക്രീനിംഗിനായി നെഞ്ചിന്റെ സിടി സ്കാനുകൾ ശുപാർശ ചെയ്യുന്നില്ല. COVID19 ലെ റേഡിയോളജിക് കണ്ടെത്തലുകൾ നിർദ്ദിഷ്ടമല്ല.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|title=ACR Recommendations for the use of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) for Suspected COVID-19 Infection|last=|first=|date=22 March 2020|website=American College of Radiology|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513103821/https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|archive-date=2020-05-13|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> സിടിയിലെ സാധാരണ സവിശേഷതകളിൽ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ബൈലാറ്റെറൽ മൾട്ടിലോബാർ [[Ground-glass opacity|ഗ്രൗണ്ട്-ഗ്ലാസ് ഒപാസിറ്റിയും]] അസ്സിമട്രിക് ആന്റ് പോസ്റ്റീരിയൽ ഡിസ്ട്രിബ്യൂഷനും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Salehi|first=Sana|last2=Abedi|first2=Aidin|last3=Balakrishnan|first3=Sudheer|last4=Gholamrezanezhad|first4=Ali|date=14 March 2020|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|language=en|pages=1–7|doi=10.2214/AJR.20.23034|pmid=32174129|issn=0361-803X|doi-access=free}}</ref>[[Pleural cavity|സബ്പ്ലൂറൈൽ ഡോമിനൻസ്]], [[Crazy paving (medicine)|ക്രേസി പാവിംഗ്]], [[Pulmonary consolidation|കൺസോളിഡേഷൻ]] എന്നിവ രോഗം വികസിക്കുന്നതിനനുസരിച്ച് വികസിച്ചേക്കാം.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Elaine Y. P. |last2=Ng |first2=Ming-Yen |last3=Khong |first3=Pek-Lan |title=COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us? |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |date=24 February 2020 |volume=0 |issue=4 |pages=384–385 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30134-1 |pmid=32105641 |pmc=7128449 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30134-1/fulltext |accessdate=13 March 2020 |language=English |issn=1473-3099}}</ref> <gallery class=center widths="320px" heights="200px" > File:COVID19CT2.webp|Typical CT imaging findings File:COVID19CT1.webp|CT imaging of rapid progression stage. </gallery> ===ട്രൂനാറ്റ് പരിശോധന=== കോവിഡ് പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന റാപിഡ് ആന്റി ബോഡി കിറ്റുകളെപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ പരിശോധനാ ഫലം ലഭിക്കുന്നതും ചെലവു കുറഞ്ഞതുമാണ് '''''ട്രൂനാറ്റ് പരിശോധന'''''. ആന്റിബോഡി കിറ്റുകളേക്കാൽ കൃത്യതയും ആരോഗ്യ പ്രവർത്തകർ അവകാശപ്പെടുന്നു.റാപ്പിഡ് ആന്റി ബോഡി കിറ്റ് ഉപയോഗിച്ചുള്ള പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് കാര്യമായ കൃത്യത അവകാശപ്പെടാനാകില്ല.<ref>https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2020/06/23/center-on-truenat-test.html</ref> == പരിശോധനയിലേക്കുള്ള സമീപനങ്ങൾ == [[File:Covid-testing kiosk.jpg|thumb|A sample collection kiosk for COVID‑19 testing in India]] [[File:Full-list-cumulative-total-tests-per-million.svg|thumb|Timeline of Number of tests per million people in different countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus|title=Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) – Statistics and Research|first1=Max|last1=Roser|first2=Hannah|last2=Ritchie|first3=Esteban|last3=Ortiz-Ospina|date=4 March 2020|journal=Our World in Data|via=ourworldindata.org}}</ref>]] മാർച്ച് 27 നകം അമേരിക്ക പ്രതിദിനം ഒരു ലക്ഷം ആളുകളെ പരിശോധന നടത്തുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/full-list-covid-19-tests-per-day|title=COVID-19: Tests per day|website=Our World in Data|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>താരതമ്യപ്പെടുത്തുമ്പോൾ, നിരവധി യൂറോപ്യൻ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ അമേരിക്കയേക്കാൾ പ്രതിദിന പ്രതിശീർഷ പരിശോധന നടത്തുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/full-list-daily-covid-19-tests-per-thousand|title=Daily COVID-19 tests per thousand people|website=Our World in Data|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/full-list-cumulative-total-tests-per-thousand|title=Total tests for COVID-19 per 1,000 people|website=Our World in Data|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> ഏപ്രിൽ പകുതിയോടെ [[ജർമ്മനി]], ഏപ്രിൽ അവസാനത്തോടെ [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡം]], ജൂൺ അവസാനത്തോടെ [[ഫ്രാൻസ്]] തുടങ്ങി മൂന്ന് യൂറോപ്യൻ രാജ്യങ്ങൾ പ്രതിദിനം ഒരു ലക്ഷം ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ നടത്താൻ ലക്ഷ്യമിടുന്നു. [[ജർമ്മനി]]യിൽ ഒരു വലിയ മെഡിക്കൽ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സ് വ്യവസായമുണ്ട്. നൂറിലധികം ടെസ്റ്റിംഗ് ലാബുകളുണ്ട്. ഇത് പരിശോധനയിൽ വേഗത്തിൽ വർദ്ധനവ് വരുത്താൻ സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യയും അടിസ്ഥാന സൗകര്യങ്ങളും നൽകി. പരിശോധന ശേഷി വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനായി യുകെ തങ്ങളുടെ ലൈഫ് സയൻസ് കമ്പനികളെ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സിലേക്ക് വൈവിധ്യവത്കരിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ചു.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/878121/coronavirus-covid-19-testing-strategy.pdf|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19): Scaling up our testing programmes|last=|first=|date=4 April 2020|website=|publisher=Department of Health and Social Care|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> ആംബുലേറ്ററി ക്രമീകരണത്തിൽ പ്രതിദിനം 12,000 ടെസ്റ്റുകൾക്ക് ശേഷിയുണ്ടെന്നും 10,700 പേർ മുൻ ആഴ്ചയിൽ പരീക്ഷിച്ചുവെന്നും ജർമ്മനിയിൽ, [[National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians|നാഷണൽ അസോസിയേഷൻ ഓഫ് സ്റ്റാറ്റ്യൂട്ടറി ഹെൽത്ത് ഇൻഷുറൻസ് ഫിസിഷ്യൻസ്]] മാർച്ച് 2 ന് പറയുകയുണ്ടായി. ഒരു ഡോക്ടറുടെ പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് വിധേയമാകുമ്പോൾ ആരോഗ്യ ഇൻഷുറൻസ് ചെലവുകൾ വഹിക്കുന്നു.<ref name="spiegel">{{Cite news|author1=Nina Weber|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/medizin/coronavirus-und-covid-19-so-testet-deutschland-a-cbb87c09-1804-45df-bb2b-8895e4da91e2|title=Coronavirus und Covid-19: So testet Deutschland|date=5 March 2020|work=Der Spiegel|access-date=23 March 2020|author2=Katherine Rydlink|language=de|author3=Irene Berres}}</ref>റോബർട്ട് കോച്ച് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന്റെ പ്രസിഡന്റ് പറയുന്നതനുസരിച്ച്, ജർമ്മനിക്ക് ആഴ്ചയിൽ 160,000 ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ നടത്താനുള്ള ശേഷിയുണ്ട്.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oltermann|first=Philip|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/22/germany-low-coronavirus-mortality-rate-puzzles-experts|title=Germany's low coronavirus mortality rate intrigues experts|date=22 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> മാർച്ച് 19 വരെ നിരവധി വലിയ നഗരങ്ങളിൽ ഡ്രൈവ്-ഇൻ ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ വാഗ്ദാനം ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/covid-19-tests-auf-das-coronavirus-wann-wo-und-wie.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1112050|title=Covid-19 – Tests auf das Coronavirus: Wann, wo und wie?|date=19 March 2020|work=Deutschlandfunk|access-date=24 March 2020|language=de-DE|archive-date=2020-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418095850/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/covid-19-tests-auf-das-coronavirus-wann-wo-und-wie.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1112050|url-status=dead}}</ref>മാർച്ച് 26 വരെ, ജർമ്മനിയിൽ നടത്തിയ പരിശോധനകളുടെ എണ്ണം അജ്ഞാതമാണ്, കാരണം നല്ല ഫലങ്ങൾ മാത്രമേ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ളൂ. ആരോഗ്യമന്ത്രി [[Jens Spahn|ജെൻസ് സ്പാൻ]] ആഴ്ചയിൽ 200,000 പരിശോധനകൾ കണക്കാക്കുന്നു<ref name="sz">{{Cite news|last=Charisius|first=Hanno|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/gesundheit/covid-19-coronavirus-testverfahren-1.4855487|title=Covid-19: Wie gut testet Deutschland?|date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|language=de}}</ref>.ആദ്യ ലാബ് സർവേയിൽ മാർച്ച് അവസാനത്തോടെ മൊത്തം 483,295 സാമ്പിളുകൾ പരിശോധിച്ചതിൽ 33,491 സാമ്പിളുകൾ (6.9%) SARS-CoV-2 ന് പോസിറ്റീവ് ആണെന്ന് കണ്ടു. ഏപ്രിൽ ആരംഭത്തോടെ യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡം പ്രതിദിനം പതിനായിരത്തോളം സ്വാബ് ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ വിതരണം ചെയ്യുകയായിരുന്നു. ഏപ്രിൽ അവസാനത്തോടെ ഇത് പ്രതിദിനം 100,000 എന്ന ലക്ഷ്യം വെച്ചു, ഒടുവിൽ പ്രതിദിനം 250,000 ടെസ്റ്റുകളായി ഉയർന്നു.<ref name=":2" />വീട്ടിൽ സംശയാസ്പദമായ കേസുകൾ പരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു പദ്ധതി ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് [[National Health Service|എൻ‌എച്ച്എസ്]] പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. ഇത് ഒരു രോഗി ആശുപത്രിയിൽ വന്നാൽ മറ്റുള്ളവരെ ബാധിക്കുന്ന അപകടസാധ്യത നീക്കംചെയ്യുന്നു അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഒരു പ്രാവശ്യം ഉപയോഗിക്കുമ്പോൾ ആംബുലൻസ് അണുവിമുക്തമാക്കേണ്ടിവരും. <ref>{{cite web |title=NHS pilots home testing for coronavirus |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/europe/nhs-pilots-home-testing-coronavirus |website=MobiHealthNews |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225083044/https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/europe/nhs-pilots-home-testing-coronavirus|archivedate=25 February 2020|url-status=live |date=24 February 2020}}</ref> സംശയിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന കേസുകൾക്കായി COVID ‑ 19 നുള്ള ഡ്രൈവ്-ത്രൂ പരിശോധനയിൽ, ഒരു ആരോഗ്യ വിദഗ്ദ്ധൻ ഉചിതമായ മുൻകരുതലുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് സാമ്പിൾ എടുക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postbulletin.com/life/health/mayo-clinic-starts-drive-thru-testing-for-covid/article_0087a856-63e3-11ea-be76-c7558f932526.html |title=Mayo Clinic starts drive-thru testing for COVID-19|last=jkiger@postbulletin.com |first=Jeff Kiger|website=PostBulletin.com|language=en|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/11/21174880/coronavirus-testing-drive-thru-colorado-connecticut-washington |title=Some states are offering drive-thru coronavirus testing|last=Hawkins|first=Andrew J.|date=11 March 2020|website=The Verge|language=en|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>ഏത് രാജ്യത്തെക്കാളിലും ഏറ്റവും വേഗതയേറിയതും വിപുലവുമായ പരിശോധന നടത്താൻ ഡ്രൈവ് ത്രൂ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ [[ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയ]]യെ സഹായിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/13/815441078/south-koreas-drive-through-testing-for-coronavirus-is-fast-and-free?t=1584350615980 |title=South Korea's Drive-Through Testing For Coronavirus Is Fast – And Free|date=11 March 2020|website=npr |language=en|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>സംശയിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന രോഗികൾക്ക് വീട്ടിൽ താമസിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്ന ഒരു പദ്ധതി ഹോങ്കോംഗ് ആരംഭിച്ചു. "അത്യാഹിത വിഭാഗം രോഗിക്ക് ഒരു മാതൃക ട്യൂബ് നൽകും", അവർ അതിൽ തുപ്പി, തിരികെ അയച്ച് കുറച്ച് സമയത്തിന് ശേഷം ഒരു പരിശോധന ഫലം നേടുക.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/23/808290390/in-age-of-covid-19-hong-kong-innovates-to-test-and-quarantine-thousands|title=In Age of COVID-19, Hong Kong Innovates To Test And Quarantine Thousands|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> ഇസ്രായേലിൽ, ടെക്നോണിയൻ, റാംബാം ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ ഗവേഷകർ ഒരേസമയം 64 രോഗികളിൽ നിന്ന് സാമ്പിളുകൾ പരിശോധിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു രീതി വികസിപ്പിക്കുകയും പരീക്ഷിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു, സാമ്പിളുകൾ ശേഖരിച്ച് സംയോജിത സാമ്പിൾ പോസിറ്റീവ് ആണെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തിയാൽ മാത്രം കൂടുതൽ പരിശോധിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pooling method allows dozens of COVID-19 tests to run simultaneously |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-pooling-method-dozens-covid-simultaneously.html |accessdate=24 March 2020 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli team has coronavirus test kit to test dozens of people at once |url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Acceleration-in-multiple-coronavirus-tests-at-once-by-Israel-research-team-621533 |accessdate=24 March 2020 |work=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=Israel21c |title=Israelis introduce method for accelerated COVID-19 testing |url=https://www.israel21c.org/israelis-introduce-method-for-accelerated-covid-19-testing/ |accessdate=24 March 2020 |work=Israel21c |date=19 March 2020}}</ref>[[ഇസ്രായേൽ]], [[ജർമ്മനി]], [[ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയ]], <ref>{{cite news |title=[Coronavirus] Verified 'sample pooling' introduced to prevent herd infection in S. Korea |url=http://www.ajudaily.com/view/20200409140926759 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=www.ajudaily.com |date=9 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2020-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410113408/http://www.ajudaily.com/view/20200409140926759 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[നെബ്രാസ്ക]], <ref>{{cite news |title=Gov. Ricketts provides update on coronavirus testing |url=https://www.3newsnow.com/news/coronavirus/live-gov-ricketts-provides-coronavirus-briefing-3-24-20 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=KMTV |date=24 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>, ഇന്ത്യൻ സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളായ [[ഉത്തർപ്രദേശ്]], <ref>{{cite news |title=Latest coronavirus update: UP to begin 'pool testing' of Covid suspects |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/latest-coronavirus-update-up-to-begin-pool-testing-of-covid-suspects |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> [[പശ്ചിമ ബംഗാൾ]], <ref>{{cite news |author=Sumati Yengkhom |title=West Bengal to start pool testing of samples in low-risk zones |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-to-start-pool-testing-of-samples-in-low-risk-zones/articleshow/75227413.cms |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[പഞ്ചാബ്]], <ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab launches pool testing |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-launches-pool-testing-71594 |accessdate=19 April 2020}}</ref> [[ഛത്തീസ്‌ഗഢ്]], <ref>{{cite news |title='Chhattisgarh to adopt pool sample testing': Health minister TS Singh Deo on Covid-19 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-to-adopt-pool-sample-testing-health-minister-ts-singh-deo-on-covid-19/story-qUnbTE2WgfhAv72aqclkXN.html |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2020-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421141928/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-to-adopt-pool-sample-testing-health-minister-ts-singh-deo-on-covid-19/story-qUnbTE2WgfhAv72aqclkXN.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര]] <ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra to go for pool testing to defeat coronavirus |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/maharashtra-to-go-for-pool-testing-to-defeat-coronavirus-824331.html |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=12 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ പൂൾ പരിശോധന നടത്തി. വുഹാനിൽ താൽക്കാലിക 2000 ചതുരശ്ര മീറ്റർ അടിയന്തര കണ്ടെത്തൽ ലബോറട്ടറി "ഹുവോ-യാൻ" (ചൈനീസ്: 火 Fire, "ഫയർ ഐ") 2020 ഫെബ്രുവരി 5 ന് [[BGI Group|ബി‌ജി‌ഐ]] തുറന്നു, <ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-04/china-will-soon-find-out-if-mass-quarantine-worked-virus-update |title=Wuhan Test Lab Opens; CDC Ships Diagnostic Kits: Virus Update|last=|first= |date=5 February 2020|website=Bloomberg |url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date= |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/china-virus-crisis-deepens-whistleblower-doctor-dies-doc-1oq8cx13|title=China virus crisis deepens as whistleblower doctor dies|website=AFP.com|date=27 February 2012|language=en|access-date=7 February 2020|archive-date=2020-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427170837/https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/china-virus-crisis-deepens-whistleblower-doctor-dies-doc-1oq8cx13|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഇവിടെ ദിവസം 10,000 സാമ്പിളുകൾ പ്രോസസ്സ് ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയും.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2020/2/435435.shtm |script-title=zh:日检测量达万份的"火眼"实验室连夜试运行}}</ref><ref name=":23" />നിർമ്മാണത്തിന് ബി‌ജി‌ഐ സ്ഥാപകൻ [[Wang Jian (geneticist)|വാങ് ജിയാൻ]] മേൽനോട്ടം വഹിക്കുകയും 5 ദിവസമെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.genengnews.com/insights/bgis-coronavirus-response-build-a-lab-in-wuhan-in-a-week/ |title=BGI's Coronavirus Response? Build a Lab in Wuhan|date=12 February 2020|website=GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News|language=en-US|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>മോഡലിംഗ് കാണിക്കുന്നത് ഹുബെയിലെ കേസുകൾ 47% കൂടുതലാകുമായിരുന്നു. ഈ പരിശോധന ശേഷി പ്രവർത്തനക്ഷമമായില്ലെങ്കിൽ ക്വാറന്റൈൻ നേരിടുന്നതിനുള്ള ചെലവ് ഇരട്ടിയാകുമായിരുന്നു. [[ഷെഞ്ജെൻ]], [[ടിയാൻജിൻ]], [[ബെയ്‌ജിങ്ങ്‌]], [[ഷാങ്ഹായ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ കൂടാതെ ചൈനയിലുടനീളമുള്ള 12 നഗരങ്ങളിലെ ഹുവോ-യാൻ ലാബുകൾ വുഹാൻ ലബോറട്ടറിയെയാണ് പിന്തുടരുന്നത്. 2020 മാർച്ച് 4 ആയപ്പോഴേക്കും പ്രതിദിനം ആകെ 50,000 ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgi.com/global/covid-19-local-laboratory-solution/|title=COVID-19 Local Laboratory Solution|website=BGI – Global|language=en-GB|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-date=2020-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414120317/https://www.bgi.com/global/covid-19-local-laboratory-solution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഒറിഗാമി അസ്സെയ്‌സ് മൾട്ടിപ്ലക്‌സ്ഡ് ഡിസൈനുകൾ പുറത്തിറക്കി. 93 അസ്സെകൾ മാത്രം ഉപയോഗിച്ച് COVID19 നായി 1122 രോഗികളുടെ സാമ്പിളുകൾ പരിശോധിക്കാൻ ഇതിന് കഴിയും.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.smarterbetter.design/origamiassays/default/index |title= Origami Assays |publisher= Origami Assays |access-date= April 7, 2020 |date= April 2, 2020 |archive-date= 2020-04-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200405210003/https://www.smarterbetter.design/origamiassays/default/index |url-status= dead }}</ref>റോബോട്ടിക് ലിക്വിഡ് ഹാൻഡ്‌ലറുകളുടെ ആവശ്യമില്ലാതെ ഈ സമീകൃത ഡിസൈനുകൾ ചെറിയ ലബോറട്ടറികളിൽ പ്രവർത്തിപ്പിക്കാൻ കഴിയും. മാർച്ചോടെ, [[അഭികാരകം|അഭികാരകങ്ങളുടെ]] അപര്യാപ്തതയും മെഡിക്കൽവസ്തുക്കളുടെ ദൗർലഭ്യവും യൂറോപ്യൻ യൂണിയനിലും യുകെയിലും <ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK –seventh update |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-seventh-update-Outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-COVID-19.pdf |publisher=[[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]] |accessdate=29 March 2020 |pages=15–16 |date=25 March 2020 |quote=the current shortages of laboratory consumables and reagents affect diagnostic capacity and hamper the epidemic response at the national and local levels. The laboratories have experienced delayed or missing deliveries of swabbing material, plastic consumables, RNA extraction and RT-PCR reagents, and PPE. This is affecting laboratories in all EU/EEA countries. |url-status=live}}</ref> യുഎസിലും <ref>{{cite web |last1=Baird |first1=Robert P. |title=Why Widespread Coronavirus Testing Isn't Coming Anytime Soon |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-widespread-coronavirus-testing-isnt-coming-anytime-soon |website=[[The New Yorker]] |accessdate=29 March 2020 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20200328133105/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-widespread-coronavirus-testing-isnt-coming-anytime-soon |archivedate=28 March 2020 |language=en |date=24 March 2020 |quote=South Dakota, said that her state’s public-health laboratory—the only lab doing COVID-19 testing in the state—had so much trouble securing reagents that it was forced to temporarily stop testing altogether. also noted critical shortages of extraction kits, reagents, and test kits |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ossola |first1=Alexandra |title=Here are the coronavirus testing materials that are in short supply in the US |url=https://qz.com/1822596/all-the-coronavirus-test-materials-in-short-supply-in-the-us/ |website=Quartz |accessdate=29 March 2020 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20200326174135/https://qz.com/1822596/all-the-coronavirus-test-materials-in-short-supply-in-the-us/ |archivedate=26 March 2020 |language=en |date=25 March 2020 |quote=extract the virus’s genetic material—in this case, RNA—using a set of chemicals that usually come in pre-assembled kits. “The big shortage is extraction kits” There are no easy replacements here: “These reagents that are used in extraction are fairly complex chemicals. They have to be very pure, and they have to be in pure solution” |url-status=live}}</ref>കൂട്ട പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് ഒരു തടസ്സമായി മാറി. കൂടുതൽ പരിശോധനയ്ക്കായി ആർ‌എൻ‌എ ജീനോമുകൾ സ്വതന്ത്രമാക്കുന്നതിന് 5 മിനിറ്റ് നേരത്തേക്ക് 98 ° C (208 ° F) ചൂടാക്കൽ സാമ്പിളുകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന സാമ്പിൾ തയ്യാറാക്കൽ പ്രോട്ടോക്കോളുകൾ സൂക്ഷ്‌മനിരീക്ഷണം ചെയ്യാൻ ഇത് ചില വിദഗ്‌ദ്ധരെ പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref name=ssi-boil>{{cite web |last1=Fomsgaard |first1=Anders |title=Statens Serum Institut (SSI) solves essential COVID-19 testing deficiency problem |url=https://en.ssi.dk/news/news/2020/03-ssi--solves-essential-covid19-testing-deficiency-problem |website=en.ssi.dk |publisher=[[Statens Serum Institut]] |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20200329085152/https://en.ssi.dk/news/news/2020/03-ssi--solves-essential-covid19-testing-deficiency-problem |archivedate=29 March 2020 |language=en |date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live |quote=several countries are in lack of the chemical reagents necessary to test their citizens for the disease. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Danish researchers behind simple&nbsp;coronavirus test method |publisher=[[The Copenhagen Post]] |url=http://cphpost.dk/?p=112522 |website=cphpost.dk |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328130357/http://cphpost.dk/?p=112522 |archivedate=28 March 2020 |date=28 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> മാർച്ച് 31 ന് [[ഐക്യ അറബ് എമിറേറ്റുകൾ|യുണൈറ്റഡ് അറബ് എമിറേറ്റ്സ്]] മറ്റേതൊരു രാജ്യത്തേക്കാളും കൂടുതൽ ജനസംഖ്യയിൽ കൊറോണ വൈറസ് പരിശോധന നടത്തുന്നുവെന്ന് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ ഭൂരിഭാഗത്തിലും എത്തിച്ചേരുന്നതിനുള്ള പരിശോധനയുടെ തോത് വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ട്രാക്കിലായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan (now|first=Helen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/31/coronavirus-live-news-usa-confirmed-cases-double-china-update-uk-italy-spain-europe-latest-updates?page=with%3Ablock-5e8377658f087564da1e3396|title=Global confirmed virus death toll passes 40,000 – as it happened|date=31 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=1 April 2020|last2=Rawlinson|first2=earlier); Kevin|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Gayle|first3=Damien|last4=Topping|first4=Alexandra|last5=Mohdin|first5=and Aamna|last6=Willsher|first6=Kim|last7=Wintour|first7=Patrick|last8=Wearden|first8=Graeme|last9=Greenfield|first9=Patrick}}</ref>ഇത് ഡ്രൈവ്-ത്രൂ ശേഷിയുടെ സംയോജനത്തിലൂടെയും ഗ്രൂപ്പ് 42, ബി‌ജി‌ഐ (ചൈനയിലെ അവരുടെ "ഹുവോ-യാൻ" എമർജൻസി ഡിറ്റക്ഷൻ ലബോറട്ടറികളെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി) എന്നിവയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരു പോപ്പുലേഷൻ സ്കെയിൽ മാസ്-ത്രൂപുട്ട് ലബോറട്ടറി വാങ്ങുന്നതിലൂടെയായിരുന്നു. 14 ദിവസത്തിനുള്ളിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച ഈ ലാബിന് പ്രതിദിനം പതിനായിരക്കണക്കിന് ആർ‌ടി-പി‌സി‌ആർ‌ ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ‌ നടത്താൻ‌ കഴിയും, മാത്രമല്ല ചൈനയ്‌ക്ക് പുറത്ത് പ്രവർ‌ത്തിക്കുന്ന ഈ സ്കെയിൽ‌ ലോകത്തിലെ ആദ്യത്തേതുമാണ്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2020/03/31/uae-sets-up-covid-19-detection-lab-in-just-14-days|title=VIDEO: UAE sets up COVID-19 detection lab in just 14 days|last=|first=|date=31 March 2020|website=Gulf Today|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> 2020 ഏപ്രിൽ 8 ന്‌, ഇന്ത്യയിൽ‌, സുപ്രീം‌കോടതി അതിന്റെ യഥാർത്ഥ ഓർ‌ഡർ‌ പരിഷ്‌ക്കരിക്കുകയും സാമ്പത്തികമായി ദുർബല വിഭാഗങ്ങൾ‌ക്കായി സ്വകാര്യ ലാബുകളിൽ‌ സൗജന്യ പരിശോധന അനുവദിക്കുകയും ചെയ്‌തു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://libertatem.in/law/supreme-court/supreme-court-modifies-its-original-order-allowing-free-testing-at-private-labs-for-economically-weaker-sections/|title=Supreme Court modifies its original Order allowing Free Testing at Private Labs for Economically Weaker Sections|last=Magazine|first=Libertatem|date=|website=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517020834/http://libertatem.in/law/supreme-court/supreme-court-modifies-its-original-order-allowing-free-testing-at-private-labs-for-economically-weaker-sections/|archive-date=2020-05-17|access-date=}}</ref> == ഉൽ‌പാദനവും വ്യാപ്തിയും == [[File:Lab-specimens-tested.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Number of tests done per day in the United States.<br /> Blue: CDC lab<br /> Orange: Public health lab<br /> Gray: Data incomplete due to reporting lag<br /> Not shown: Testing at private labs; total exceeded 100,000 per day by March 27<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/04/americas-covid-19-testing-has-stalled-and-thats-a-big-problem/|title=America's COVID-19 testing has stalled, and that's a big problem|first=Timothy B.|last=Lee|date=2 April 2020|website=Ars Technica}}</ref>]] കൊറോണ വൈറസ് ജനിതക പ്രൊഫൈലിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ ടാർഗെറ്റുചെയ്യുന്ന വ്യത്യസ്ത പരിശോധനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ [[ചൈന]], [[ഫ്രാൻസ്]], [[ജർമ്മനി]], [[ഹോങ്കോംഗ്]], [[ജപ്പാൻ]], [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡം]], [[യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സ്]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. [[ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന]] സ്വന്തമായി വികസിപ്പിക്കാനുള്ള ഉപാധികളില്ലാതെ താഴ്ന്ന വരുമാനമുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങളിലേക്ക് അയച്ച കിറ്റുകൾ നിർമ്മിക്കാനുള്ള ജർമ്മൻ ഔഷധച്ചാർത്ത്‌ സ്വീകരിച്ചു. ജർമ്മൻ ഔഷധച്ചാർത്ത്‌ 2020 ജനുവരി 17 ന് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു. യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സ് സെന്റർ ഫോർ ഡിസീസ് കൺട്രോൾ (സിഡിസി) വികസിപ്പിച്ച പ്രോട്ടോക്കോൾ ജനുവരി 28 വരെ ലഭ്യമല്ലായിരുന്നു. ഇത് യുഎസിൽ ലഭ്യമായ പരിശോധനകൾ വൈകിപ്പിച്ചു. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/biden-falsely-says-trump-administration-rejected-w/|title=PolitiFact – Biden falsely says Trump administration rejected WHO coronavirus test kits (that were never offered)|website=@politifact}}</ref> പൊട്ടിപ്പുറപ്പെടുന്നതിന്റെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ തന്നെ ചൈനയ്ക്കും <ref name=Wuhan-virus /> യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിനും <ref name=Boston-virus /> ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകളുടെ വിശ്വാസ്യതയുമായി പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഈ രാജ്യങ്ങൾക്കും [[ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ]]യ്ക്കും <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/14/coronavirus-australian-stocks-of-covid-19-testing-kits-rapidly-deteriorating-says-chief-medical-officer|title=Australian stocks of coronavirus testing kits 'rapidly deteriorating', says chief medical officer|first=Melissa|last=Davey|date=14 March 2020|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> ആരോഗ്യ വിദഗ്ധരുടെ ആവശ്യവും പരിശോധനയ്ക്കുള്ള ശുപാർശകളും നിറവേറ്റുന്നതിന് ആവശ്യമായ കിറ്റുകൾ നൽകാൻ കഴിഞ്ഞില്ല. ഇതിനു വിപരീതമായി, നോവൽ കൊറോണ വൈറസിന്റെ വ്യാപനം കുറയ്ക്കാൻ [[ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയ]]യുടെ വിശാലമായ പരിശോധനലഭ്യത സഹായിച്ചതായി വിദഗ്ദ്ധർ പറയുന്നു. ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയൻ സർക്കാർ വർഷങ്ങളായി സ്വകാര്യമേഖലയിലെ ലാബുകളിൽ പരിശോധന ശേഷി വർദ്ധിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/12/815097813/experts-credit-south-koreas-extensive-testing-for-curbing-coronavirus-spread|title=Experts Credit South Korea's Extensive Testing For Curbing Coronavirus Spread|website=NPR.org}}</ref> COVID ‑ 19 പാൻഡെമിക്കിന്റെ മുന്നേറ്റം മന്ദഗതിയിലാക്കാനുള്ള ഏറ്റവും നല്ല മാർഗ്ഗമായി മാർച്ച് 16 ന് ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന പരിശോധന പരിപാടികൾ വേഗത്തിലാക്കാൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{cite news |title='Test, Test, Test': WHO Chief's Coronavirus Message to World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/16/world/europe/16reuters-healthcare-coronavirus-who.html |accessdate=16 March 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reuters |first1=Source |title='Test, test, test': WHO calls for more coronavirus testing – video |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/mar/16/test-test-test-who-calls-for-more-coronavirus-testing-video |accessdate=16 March 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=16 March 2020}}</ref> വൈറസിന്റെ വ്യാപനത്തെത്തുടർന്ന്‌ പരിശോധനയ്‌ക്കായുള്ള ഉയർന്ന ആവശ്യം സ്വകാര്യ യു‌എസ്‌ ലാബുകളിൽ‌ ആയിരക്കണക്കിന് ടെസ്റ്റുകളുടെ ബാക്ക്‌ലോഗുകൾ‌ക്ക് കാരണമായി. കൂടാതെ കൈലേസിൻറെയും രാസവസ്തുക്കളുടെയും വിതരണം തടസ്സപ്പെട്ടു. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/03/826564948/coronavirus-testing-backlogs-continue-as-laboratories-struggle-to-keep-up-with-d|title=Coronavirus Testing Backlogs Continue As Laboratories Struggle To Keep Up With Demand|website=NPR.org}}</ref> == ലഭ്യമായ പരിശോധനകൾ == === പിസിആർ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കിയുള്ളത് === 2020 ജനുവരി 11 ന് ചൈനയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞർ COVID ‑ 19 വൈറൽ ജീനോമിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ ആദ്യമായി പുറത്തുവിട്ടപ്പോൾ, മലേഷ്യൻ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഫോർ മെഡിക്കൽ റിസർച്ച് (IMR) അതേ ദിവസം തന്നെ SARS-CoV-2 ന് പ്രത്യേകമായുള്ള “പ്രാഥമികകാര്യങ്ങളും സൂക്ഷ്‌മ പരിശോധനകളും” വിജയകരമായി നിർമ്മിച്ചു. rt-PCR രീതി ഉപയോഗിച്ച് കൊറോണ വൈറസ് കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിനായി അഭികാരകങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് [[കോലാലമ്പൂർ|ക്വാലാലം‌പൂരിലെ]] ഐ‌എം‌ആറിന്റെ ലബോറട്ടറി നേരത്തെയുള്ള തയ്യാറെടുപ്പിന് തുടക്കമിട്ടിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kpkesihatan.com/2020/02/13/laboratory-readiness-for-detecting-the-2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-infection-in-malaysia/|title=Laboratory Readiness for Detecting the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Malaysia|last=|first=|date=9 February 2020|website=Director-General of Health, Malaysia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402174026/https://kpkesihatan.com/2020/02/13/laboratory-readiness-for-detecting-the-2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-infection-in-malaysia/|archive-date=2020-04-02|access-date=}}</ref> ദിവസങ്ങൾക്കുശേഷം പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടനയുടെ റീജന്റ് സീക്വൻസ് (primers and probes) ഐ‌എം‌ആറിന്റെ ലബോറട്ടറിയിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ചതിനോട് വളരെ സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്. ഇത് 2020 ജനുവരി 24 ന് [[മലേഷ്യ]]യിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ COVID ‑ 19 രോഗിയെ നിർണ്ണയിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2020/03/26/malaysia-must-ramp-up-testing?itm_source=parsely-api|title=Malaysia must ramp up testing|last=|first=|date=26 March 2020|website=The Star Malaysia|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> [[Public Health England|പബ്ലിക് ഹെൽത്ത് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്]] ജനുവരി 10 <ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-britain-modelling-idUKKCN21R2UF|title=UK defends coronavirus response after Reuters investigation|date=2020-04-09|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-12|url-status=dead|language=en|quote=After developing a test for the new virus by Jan. 10|archive-date=2020-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424070407/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-britain-modelling-idUKKCN21R2UF}}</ref>ഓടെ ഓറൽ സ്വാബുകളെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി തത്സമയ RT-PCR (RdRp ജീൻ) അസ്സെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഒരു പരിശോധന വികസിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/03/guidance-and-sop-covid-19-virus-testing-in-nhs-laboratories-v1.pdf|title=COVID-19 virus testing in NHS laboratories|last=|first=|date=16 March 2020|website=|publisher=NHS England and NHS Improvement|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412153848/https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/03/guidance-and-sop-covid-19-virus-testing-in-nhs-laboratories-v1.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-12|access-date=}}</ref>SARS-CoV-2 പ്രത്യേകമായി തിരിച്ചറിയുന്നതുൾപ്പെടെ ഏതെങ്കിലും തരത്തിലുള്ള കൊറോണ വൈറസിന്റെ സാന്നിധ്യം പരിശോധനയിൽ കണ്ടെത്തി. ഫെബ്രുവരി 10 ന് യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിംഗ്ഡത്തിലുടനീളമുള്ള പന്ത്രണ്ട് ലബോറട്ടറികളിലേക്ക് ഇത് വ്യാപിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-novel-coronavirus-diagnostic-test-rolled-out-across-uk|title=PHE novel coronavirus diagnostic test rolled out across UK|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=30 March 2020|postscript=none}}; {{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51221915|title='Increased likelihood' of China virus reaching UK|date=23 January 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=30 March 2020|language=en-GB|postscript=none}}; {{Cite web|url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/news/phe-tells-patients-with-suspected-coronavirus-to-call-gp-or-nhs-111/20207619.article|title=PHE tells patients with suspected coronavirus to call GP or NHS 111|date=27 January 2020|publisher=The Pharmaceutical Journal|language=en|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref>യൂറോപ്പിലെയും ഹോങ്കോങ്ങിലെയും അക്കാദമിക് സഹകാരികളുമായി ചേർന്ന് ബെർലിനിലെ [[Charité|ചാരിറ്റി]] വികസിപ്പിച്ച മറ്റൊരു ആദ്യകാല പിസിആർ പരിശോധന ജനുവരി 23 ന് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു. ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന (ഡബ്ല്യുഎച്ച്ഒ) വിതരണം ചെയ്യുന്നതിനായി 250,000 കിറ്റുകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനമായി ഇത് ആർ‌ടി‌ആർ‌ടി-പി‌സി‌ആർ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു.<ref name=sheridan>{{cite journal |last1=Sheridan |first1=Cormac |title=Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41587-020-00002-2 |journal=Nature Biotechnology |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41587-020-00002-2 |date=19 February 2020|volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=382–384 |pmid=32265548 |doi-access=free }}</ref>ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയൻ കമ്പനിയായ കൊജെനെബിയോടെക് 2020 ജനുവരി 28 ന് ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഗ്രേഡ് പിസിആർ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കിയുള്ള സാർസ്-കോവി -2 ഡിറ്റക്ഷൻ കിറ്റ് (പവർചെക്ക് കൊറോണ വൈറസ്) വികസിപ്പിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kogene.co.kr/eng/index.php |title=KogeneBiotech |publisher=Kogene.co.kr |date= |accessdate=16 March 2020 |archive-date=2013-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201021553/http://www.kogene.co.kr/eng/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jeong |first1=Sei-im |title=Korea approves 2 more COVID-19 detection kits for urgent use – Korea Biomedical Review |url=http://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=7561 |accessdate=12 March 2020 |work=koreabiomed.com |date=28 February 2020 |language=ko}}</ref>എല്ലാ [[Betacoronavirus|ബീറ്റ കൊറോണ വൈറസുകളും]] പങ്കിടുന്ന "ഇ" ജീനിനും SARS-CoV-2 ന് മാത്രമായുള്ള RdRp ജീനിനുമായി ഇത് തിരയുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kogene.co.kr/eng/about_us/news/listbody.php?h_gcode=board&h_code=7&po_no=288|title=ABOUT US &#124; NEWS|website=kogene.co.kr|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607150451/http://www.kogene.co.kr/eng/about_us/news/listbody.php?h_gcode=board&h_code=7&po_no=288|url-status=dead}}</ref> ചൈനയിൽ, പി‌സി‌ആർ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കിയുള്ള SARS-CoV-2 ഡിറ്റക്ഷൻ കിറ്റിനായി ചൈനയുടെ [[National Medical Products Administration|നാഷണൽ മെഡിക്കൽ പ്രൊഡക്റ്റ്സ് അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷനിൽ]] നിന്ന് അടിയന്തര ഉപയോഗ അനുമതി ലഭിച്ച ആദ്യത്തെ കമ്പനികളിലൊന്നാണ് ബി‌ജി‌ഐ ഗ്രൂപ്പ്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.genomeweb.com/regulatory-news-fda-approvals/bgi-sequencer-coronavirus-molecular-assays-granted-emergency-use|title=BGI Sequencer, Coronavirus Molecular Assays Granted Emergency Use Approval in China|website=GenomeWeb|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ, സിഡിസി അതിന്റെ SARS-CoV-2 റിയൽ ടൈം പിസിആർ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് പാനൽ പൊതുജനാരോഗ്യ ലാബുകൾക്ക് ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ റീജന്റ് റിസോഴ്സ് വഴി വിതരണം ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.internationalreagentresource.org/|title=International Reagent Resource |website=internationalreagentresource.org}}</ref>ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകളുടെ പഴയ പതിപ്പുകളിലെ മൂന്ന് ജനിതക പരിശോധനകളിൽ ഒന്ന് തെറ്റായ അഭികാരകം കാരണം അനിശ്ചിതത്വത്തിന് കാരണമായി. അറ്റ്ലാന്റയിലെ സിഡിസിയിൽ നടത്തിയ പരിശോധനയുടെ ഒരു തടസ്സം 2020 ഫെബ്രുവരി മുഴുവൻ ഒരു ദിവസം ശരാശരി 100 ൽ താഴെ സാമ്പിളുകൾ വിജയകരമായി പ്രോസസ്സ് ചെയ്തു. രണ്ട് ഘടകങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചുള്ള പരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾ 2020 ഫെബ്രുവരി 28 വരെ വിശ്വസനീയമാണെന്ന് നിർണ്ണയിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നില്ല, അതുവരെ സംസ്ഥാന, പ്രാദേശിക ലബോറട്ടറികൾക്ക് പരിശോധന ആരംഭിക്കാൻ അനുവാദമുണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/t0228-COVID-19-update.html Transcript for the CDC Telebriefing Update on COVID-19], 28 February 2020</ref>EUAയ്ക്ക് കീഴിലുള്ള എഫ്ഡിഎയാണ് പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് അംഗീകാരം നൽകിയത്. യുഎസ് വാണിജ്യ ലാബുകൾ 2020 മാർച്ച് ആദ്യം പരിശോധന തുടങ്ങി. 2020 മാർച്ച് 5 ലെ കണക്കനുസരിച്ച് ആർ‌ടി-പി‌സി‌ആറിനെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി കോവിഡ് ‑ 19 പരിശോധന രാജ്യവ്യാപകമായി ലഭിക്കുമെന്ന് ലാബ്‌കോർപ്പ് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.labcorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/labcorp-launches-test-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19|title=LabCorp Launches Test for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|website=Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-date=2020-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314183100/https://ir.labcorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/labcorp-launches-test-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Quest Diagnostics|ക്വസ്റ്റ് ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സ്]] സമാനമായി രാജ്യവ്യാപകമായി COVID 19 പരിശോധന 2020 മാർച്ച് 9 വരെ ലഭ്യമാക്കി. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.questdiagnostics.com/home/Covid-19/|title=Covid19 : COVID-19|website=questdiagnostics.com}}</ref> [[റഷ്യ]]യിൽ, [[State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR|സ്റ്റേറ്റ് റിസർച്ച് സെന്റർ ഓഫ് വൈറോളജി ആൻഡ് ബയോടെക്നോളജി വെക്റ്റർ]] COVID 19 ടെസ്റ്റ് വികസിപ്പിക്കുകയും നിർമ്മിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2020 ഫെബ്രുവരി 11 ന് ആരോഗ്യ പരിപാലനത്തിനായി ഫെഡറൽ സർവീസ് പരിശോധന രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interfax-russia.ru/kaleidoscope.asp?id=1104973|title=В России зарегистрирована отечественная тест-система для определения коронавируса|date=14 February 2020|website=Interfax-Russia.ru|access-date=2020-04-23|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319220813/http://www.interfax-russia.ru/kaleidoscope.asp?id=1104973|url-status=dead}}</ref> കോവിഡ് ‑ 19 അണുബാധ കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിനായി [[Mayo Clinic|മയോ ക്ലിനിക്ക്]] 2020 മാർച്ച് 12 ന് ഒരു പരിശോധന വികസിപ്പിച്ചതായി റിപ്പോർട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-develops-test-to-detect-covid-19-infection/|title=Mayo Clinic develops test to detect COVID-19 infection|last=Plumbo|first=Ginger|website=[[Mayo Clinic]]|language=en-US|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> 2020 മാർച്ച് 19 ന്, അബ്ബട്ടിന്റെ m2000 സിസ്റ്റത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഒരു പരിശോധനയ്ക്കായി എഫ്ഡി‌എ [[Abbott Laboratories|അബോട്ട് ലബോറട്ടറികൾക്ക്]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/products/instrumentation/m2000-realtime-system |title=M2000 Realtime System |publisher=Abbott Labs |access-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424051518/https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/products/instrumentation/m2000-realtime-system |url-status=dead }}</ref> ഇയുഎ നൽകി; എഫ്ഡി‌എ മുമ്പ് [[Hologic|ഹോളോജിക്]], <ref>{{cite web |url=https://investors.hologic.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2020/Hologics-Molecular-Test-for-the-Novel-Coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2-Receives-FDA-Emergency-Use-Authorization/default.aspx |title=Hologic's Molecular Test for the Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization |publisher=Hologic |access-date=April 13, 2020|date = March 16, 2020}}</ref> [[LabCorp|ലാബ്കോർപ്പ്]], <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.labcorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/labcorp-launches-test-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19 |title=LabCorp Launches Test for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |publisher=LabCorp |access-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-date=2020-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314183100/https://ir.labcorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/labcorp-launches-test-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[Thermo Fisher Scientific|തെർമോ ഫിഷർ സയന്റിഫിക്]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/clinical/clinical-genomics/pathogen-detection-solutions/coronavirus-2019-ncov/genetic-analysis/taqpath-rt-pcr-covid-19-kit.html |title= TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Diagnostic Solution |publisher=ThermoFisher |access-date=April 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/fda-approves-abbott-laboratories-coronavirus-test-company-ship-150000-kits-2942677 |title=FDA Approves Abbott Laboratories Coronavirus Test, Company To Ship 150,000 Kits |date=19 March 2020 |website=IBTimes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320210743/https://www.ibtimes.com/fda-approves-abbott-laboratories-coronavirus-test-company-ship-150000-kits-2942677 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>എന്നിവയ്ക്കും സമാനമായ അംഗീകാരം നൽകിയിരുന്നു. 2020 മാർച്ച് 21 ന്, എഫ്ഡി‌എയിൽ നിന്ന് സെഫീഡിന് ഒരു ഇ‌യു‌എ ലഭിച്ചു. ഇത് ജെനെക്സ്പെർട്ട് സിസ്റ്റത്തിൽ 45 മിനിറ്റ് എടുക്കും, അതേ സിസ്റ്റം തന്നെ ജെനെക്സ്പെർട്ട് എംടിബി / ആർ‌ഐ‌എഫ് ആയി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2020/03/21/coronavirus-test-45-minute-cepheid-sunnyvale-covid-19-test/ |title=Sunnyvale company wins FDA approval for first rapid coronavirus test with 45-minute detection time |website=EastBayTimes.com |date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200322070331/https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2020/03/21/coronavirus-test-45-minute-cepheid-sunnyvale-covid-19-test/ |archive-date=2020-03-22 |url-status=live |access-date=2020-04-23 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cepheid.com/coronavirus|title=Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 has received FDA Emergency Use Authorization|website=www.cepheid.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-13|archive-date=2020-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422095344/https://www.cepheid.com/coronavirus|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഏപ്രിൽ 13 ന് [[Health Canada|ഹെൽത്ത് കാനഡ]] സ്പാർട്ടൻ ബയോ സയൻസിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഒരു പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് അംഗീകാരം നൽകി. സ്ഥാപനങ്ങൾ കൈയിൽ ഒതുങ്ങുന്ന ഒരു [[DNA analyzer|ഡി‌എൻ‌എ അനലൈസർ]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് "രോഗികളെ പരിശോധിക്കുകയും" ഒരു [കേന്ദ്ര] ലാബിലേക്ക് സാമ്പിളുകൾ അയയ്ക്കാതെ ഫലങ്ങൾ സ്വീകരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യാം.<ref name="carly">{{cite news |title=Health Canada approves new rapid COVID-testing kits |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-health-canada-approves-new-rapid-covid-testing-kits/ |publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc |date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spartanbio.com/ |title=The power of DNA testing for everyone |publisher=Spartan Bioscience |access-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-date=2020-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422212123/https://www.spartanbio.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ഐസോതെർമൽ ന്യൂക്ലിക് ആംപ്ലിഫിക്കേഷൻ === [[File:President Trump Delivers Remarks During a Coronavirus Update Briefing (49720569077).jpg|thumb|US President [[Donald Trump]] displays a COVID‑19 testing kit from [[Abbott Laboratories]] in March 2020]] പി‌സി‌ആറിന് പകരം ഐസോതെർമൽ ന്യൂക്ലിക് ആസിഡ് ആംപ്ലിഫിക്കേഷൻ സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന അബോട്ട് ലബോറട്ടറീസ് നടത്തിയ പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് എഫ്ഡി‌എ അംഗീകാരം നൽകി. <ref name="Letter from FDA"/> ഇതിന് ഒന്നിടവിട്ടുള്ള താപനില ചക്രങ്ങളുടെ ([[പോളിമെറേയ്സ് ചെയിൻ റിയാക്ഷൻ|പി‌സി‌ആർ]] ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ പോലെ) ആവശ്യമില്ലാത്തതിനാൽ, ഈ രീതിക്ക് അഞ്ച് മിനിറ്റിനുള്ളിൽ പോസിറ്റീവ് ഫലങ്ങളും 13 മിനിറ്റിനുള്ളിൽ നെഗറ്റീവ് ഫലങ്ങളും നൽകാൻ കഴിയും. യു‌എസിൽ‌ നിലവിൽ‌ ഏകദേശം 18,000 മെഷീനുകൾ‌ ഉണ്ട്. പ്രതിദിനം 50,000 ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ‌ നൽ‌കുന്നതിനായി നിർമ്മാണതോത് വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുമെന്ന് അബോട്ട് പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/03/28/coronavirus-fda-authorizes-abbott-labs-fast-portable-covid-test/2932766001/ |title='A game changer': FDA authorizes Abbott Labs' portable, 5-minute coronavirus test the size of a toaster |publisher=USA Today |access-date=April 20, 2020|date =March 28, 2020 }}</ref> === കൃത്യത === 2020 മാർച്ചിൽ ചൈന <ref name=Wuhan-virus>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/heartbreak-in-the-streets-of-wuhan Heartbreak in the Streets of Wuhan]</ref> ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകളിൽ കൃത്യതയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തു. അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ, സിഡിസി വികസിപ്പിച്ച ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകളിൽ "കുറവുകൾ" ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. സ്വകാര്യ പരിശോധനയെ തടഞ്ഞ ബ്യൂറോക്രാറ്റിക് പ്രതിബന്ധങ്ങൾ സർക്കാർ നീക്കം ചെയ്തു.<ref name=Boston-virus>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/14/metro/baker-sets-up-virus-command-center/|title=State figures on testing raise questions about efforts to contain outbreak |website=The BostonGlobe.com |quote=flaws with the testing kits first distributed by the federal government and bureaucratic hurdles that held up testing by private labs at hospitals, universities and testing chains}}</ref> ചൈനീസ് കമ്പനിയായ ഷെൻ‌ജെൻ ബയോസി ബയോടെക്നോളജി കമ്പനി ലിമിറ്റഡിൽ നിന്ന് സ്‌പെയിൻ ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾ വാങ്ങിയെങ്കിലും ഫലങ്ങൾ കൃത്യമല്ലെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തി. സാമ്പിളുകൾ ശേഖരിക്കുന്നതിനോ കിറ്റുകൾ ശരിയായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിനോ പരാജയപ്പെട്ടതിന്റെ ഫലമായിരിക്കാം തെറ്റായ ഫലങ്ങൾ എന്ന് കമ്പനി വിശദീകരിച്ചു. തെറ്റായ ഫലങ്ങൾ നൽകിയ കിറ്റുകൾ പിൻവലിക്കുമെന്നും പകരം ഷെൻ‌സെൻ ബയോസി നൽകുന്ന മറ്റൊരു ടെസ്റ്റിംഗ് കിറ്റ് നൽകുമെന്നും സ്പാനിഷ് മന്ത്രാലയം അറിയിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-shenzhen-bioeasy-s-idUSKBN21E161|title=Chinese firm to replace exported coronavirus test kits deemed defective by Spain|date=27 March 2020|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> ചൈനയിൽ നിന്ന് വാങ്ങിയ ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിന്റെ 80% ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾ തെറ്റായ ഫലങ്ങൾ നൽകി. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.praguemorning.cz/80-of-rapid-covid-19-tests-the-czech-republic-bought-from-china-are-wrong/|title=80% of Rapid COVID-19 Tests the Czech Republic Bought From China are Wrong|first=Prague|last=Morning|date=26 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-24|archive-date=2020-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425115707/https://www.praguemorning.cz/80-of-rapid-covid-19-tests-the-czech-republic-bought-from-china-are-wrong/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=VOJTĚCH BLAŽEK |title=Úřad dopředu psal, kdy mohou rychlotesty selhat. I tak je stát nasadil |url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/rychlotesty-neodhali-cerstve-nakazene-pacienty-varoval-zdravotni-ustav-95174 |accessdate=7 April 2020 |work=Zeznam Zprávy |date=23 March 2020 |language=Czech |quote=Indeed, the rapid tests that arrived from China a few days ago do not really reliably detect the infection at an early stage}}</ref> ചൈനയിൽ നിന്ന് സ്ലൊവാക്യ വാങ്ങിയ 1.2 ദശലക്ഷം ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾ കൃത്യതയില്ലാത്തതായി കണ്ടെത്തി. ഇവ [[ഡാന്യൂബ്|ഡാൻ‌യൂബിലേക്ക്]] വലിച്ചെറിയാൻ പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി മാറ്റോവിക് നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2020/04/01/europe-china-coronavirus-testing-help-regret/|title=Europe turned to China for coronavirus testing help. Why some are now regretting it|website=Fortune}}</ref> ചൈനയിൽ നിന്ന് വാങ്ങിയ ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾക്ക് ഉയർന്ന പിഴവ് നിരക്ക് ഉണ്ടെന്നും അവ ഉപയോഗത്തിലില്ലെന്നും തുർക്കി ആരോഗ്യ മന്ത്രാലയത്തിലെ ആറ്റെ കാര പറഞ്ഞു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/health-2/coronavirus/2020/03/27/coronavirus-test-kits-purchased-from-china-are-unreliable-says-science-committee-member/|title=Coronavirus test kits purchased from China are unreliable, says Science Committee member|website=www.duvarenglish.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/coronavirus-turkey-faulty-chinese-kits-not-use|title=Coronavirus: Turkey rejects Chinese testing kits over inaccurate results|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref> ചൈനയിൽ നിന്ന് യുകെ 3.5 ദശലക്ഷം ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾ വാങ്ങിയെങ്കിലും 2020 ഏപ്രിൽ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ഇവ ഉപയോഗയോഗ്യമല്ലെന്ന് പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/britain-has-millions-of-coronavirus-antibody-tests-but-they-don-t-work-j7kb55g89|title=Britain has millions of coronavirus antibody tests, but they don't work|first=Chris Smyth, Whitehall Editor &#124; Dominic Kennedy, Investigations Editor &#124; Billy Kenber, Investigations|last=Reporter|via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/coronavirus-test-antibody-kit-uk-china-nhs-matt-hancock-a9449816.html|title=Government's testing chief admits none of 3.5m coronavirus antibody kits work sufficiently|date=6 April 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref> 2020 ഏപ്രിൽ 21 ന് [[ഇന്ത്യൻ കൗൺസിൽ ഓഫ് മെഡിക്കൽ റിസർച്ച്|ഇന്ത്യൻ കൗൺസിൽ ഓഫ് മെഡിക്കൽ റിസർച്ച്]], ഒരു സംസ്ഥാനത്ത് നിന്ന് പരാതികൾ ലഭിച്ച ശേഷം ചൈനയിൽ നിന്ന് വാങ്ങിയ ദ്രുത ആന്റിബോഡി ടെസ്റ്റ് കിറ്റുകൾ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത് നിർത്താൻ ഇന്ത്യ സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളോട് നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/icmr-asks-states-not-to-use-rapid-test-kits-for-two-days/cid/1766876|title=ICMR asks states not to use rapid test kits for two days|date=21 April 2020|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> === സ്ഥിരീകരണ പരിശോധന === ടെസ്റ്റിംഗ് കപ്പാസിറ്റി ഇല്ലാത്ത രാജ്യങ്ങളും COVID ‑ 19 ന് പരിമിതമായ പരിചയമുള്ള ദേശീയ ലബോറട്ടറികളും തങ്ങളുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ അഞ്ച് പോസിറ്റീവുകളും ആദ്യത്തെ പത്ത് നെഗറ്റീവ് COVID ‑ 19 സാമ്പിളുകളും 16 WHO റഫറൻസ് ലബോറട്ടറികളിലൊന്നിലേക്ക് സ്ഥിരീകരണ പരിശോധനയ്ക്കായി അയയ്ക്കണമെന്ന് ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന ശുപാർശ ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |title=National laboratories |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/laboratory-guidance |website=who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-novel-coronavirus-diagnostic-test-rolled-out-across-uk|title=PHE novel coronavirus diagnostic test rolled out across UK|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-12|quote=In addition to processing samples from suspected cases in this country, PHE is now working as a reference laboratory for WHO, testing samples from countries that do not have assured testing capabilities.}}</ref> 16 റഫറൻസ് ലബോറട്ടറികളിൽ 7 എണ്ണം ഏഷ്യയിലും 5 എണ്ണം യൂറോപ്പിലും 2 എണ്ണം ആഫ്രിക്കയിലും ഒരെണ്ണം വടക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിലും ഒരെണ്ണം ഓസ്ട്രേലിയയിലുമാണ്.<ref>{{cite web |title=Specimen referral for COVID-19 – operational details of WHO reference laboratories providing confirmatory testing for COVID-19 |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-reference-laboratories-providing-confirmatory-testing-for-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a03a01e6_2 |website=World Health Organization |accessdate=29 March 2020}}</ref> === ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടനയുടെ അടിയന്തര ഉപയോഗ ലിസ്റ്റിംഗ് === കോവിഡ് ‑ 19 പാൻഡെമിക് സമയത്ത് ഉപയോഗത്തിനായി എമർജൻസി യൂസ് ലിസ്റ്റിംഗ് നടപടിക്രമം (ഇയുഎൽ) പ്രകാരം ഗുണനിലവാരമുള്ള, കൃത്യമായ പരിശോധനകളിലേക്കുള്ള പ്രവേശനം വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിന് ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന 2020 ഏപ്രിൽ 7 വരെ രണ്ട് ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് പരിശോധനകൾ സ്വീകരിച്ചിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO lists two COVID-19 tests for emergency use |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/07-04-2020-who-lists-two-covid-19-tests-for-emergency-use |website=[[World Health Organization]] |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>വിട്രോ ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക്സിൽ, [[Primerdesign|പ്രൈമർഡിസൈൻ]] നിർമ്മിച്ച ജെനിസിഗ് റിയൽ-ടൈം പിസിആർ കൊറോണ വൈറസ് (COVID ‑ 19), [[Roche Diagnostics|റോച്ചെ മോളിക്യുലർ സിസ്റ്റംസ്]] കോബാസ്® 6800/8800 സിസ്റ്റങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള കോബാസ് SARS-CoV-2 ക്വാളിറ്റേറ്റീവ് അസ്സേ എന്നിവയാണ് പരിശോധനകൾ. COVID 19 പ്രതികരണത്തെ പിന്തുണയ്ക്കുന്ന ഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭയ്ക്കും മറ്റ് നിർവ്വഹണ ഏജൻസികൾക്കും ഈ പരിശോധനകൾ നൽകാമെന്നാണ് അംഗീകാരം. == ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഫലപ്രാപ്തി== SARS-CoV-2 പോസിറ്റീവ് ആളുകളുമായി സമ്പർക്കം പുലർത്തുന്നവരുടെ ട്രേസിംഗും ക്വാറൻറൈനും പോസിറ്റീവ് ഫലങ്ങൾക്ക് കാരണമായി. === ഇറ്റലി === [[ഇറ്റലി]]യിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ COVID ‑ 19 മരണത്തിന്റെ സ്ഥലമായ ഇറ്റാലിയൻ പട്ടണമായ [[Vò|Vò]] യിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഗവേഷകർ ഏകദേശം പത്ത് ദിവസം മൊത്തം ജനസംഖ്യയിൽ 3,400 പേരെ രണ്ട് ഘട്ട പരിശോധന നടത്തി. പോസിറ്റീവ് ആണെന്ന് പരിശോധിക്കുന്ന പകുതിയോളം പേർക്കും രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങളില്ല. കണ്ടെത്തിയ എല്ലാ കേസുകളും ക്വാറൻറൈൻ ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടു. കമ്മ്യൂണിലേക്കുള്ള യാത്ര പരിമിതപ്പെടുത്തിയതിനാൽ ഇത് പുതിയ അണുബാധകളെ പൂർണ്ണമായും ഇല്ലാതാക്കി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/how-an-experiment-helped-one-italian-town-find-submerged-infections-cut-new-covid-19-cases-to-zero|title=How an experiment helped one Italian town find 'submerged infections,' cut new COVID-19 cases to zero &#124; National Post|date=19 March 2020}}</ref> === സിംഗപ്പൂർ === അഗ്രെസ്സീവ് കോൺ‌ടാക്റ്റ് ട്രെയ്‌സിംഗ്, അകത്തേക്കു വരുന്ന യാത്രാ നിയന്ത്രണങ്ങൾ‌, പരിശോധന, ക്വാറൻറൈനിംഗ് എന്നിവയിലൂടെ, [[2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore|സിംഗപ്പൂരിലെ 2020 ലെ കൊറോണ വൈറസ് പാൻ‌ഡെമിക്]] മറ്റ് വികസിത രാജ്യങ്ങളെ അപേക്ഷിച്ച് വളരെ സാവധാനത്തിലാണ് മുന്നോട്ട് പോയത്. എന്നാൽ റെസ്റ്റോറന്റുകളും റീട്ടെയിൽ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളും നിർബന്ധിതമായി അടയ്ക്കുന്നത് പോലുള്ള കടുത്ത നിയന്ത്രണങ്ങളില്ലായിരുന്നു. നിരവധി ഇവന്റുകൾ റദ്ദാക്കപ്പെട്ടു, മാർച്ച് 28 ന് സിംഗപ്പൂർ താമസക്കാരെ വീട്ടിൽ തന്നെ തുടരാൻ ഉപദേശിച്ചുവെങ്കിലും മാർച്ച് 23 ന് അവധിക്കാലത്തിന് ശേഷം കൃത്യസമയത്ത് സ്കൂളുകൾ വീണ്ടും തുറന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/singapore/covid-19-outbreak-petition-to-close-schools-in-singapore-garners-7700-signatures-to-date/ar-BB11C87Z?li=BBr8YXK|title=COVID-19 outbreak: Petition to close schools in Singapore garners 7,700 signatures to date|website=msn.com}}</ref> === മറ്റുള്ളവ === [[ഐസ്‌ലാന്റ്]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nordiclifescience.org/covid-19-first-results-of-the-voluntary-screening-in-iceland/|title=COVID-19: First results of the voluntary screening in Iceland|date=2020-03-27|website=Nordic Life Science – the leading Nordic life science news service|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref> , [[ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയ]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success|title=Coronavirus cases have dropped sharply in South Korea. What's the secret to its success?|last=NormileMar. 17|first=Dennis|last2=2020|date=2020-03-17|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|access-date=2020-04-05|last3=Am|first3=8:00}}</ref> എന്നിവപോലുള്ള മറ്റ് പല രാജ്യങ്ങളും അഗ്രെസ്സീവ് കോൺ‌ടാക്റ്റ് ട്രെയ്‌സിംഗ്, അകത്തേക്കു വരുന്ന യാത്രാ നിയന്ത്രണങ്ങൾ, പരിശോധന, ക്വാറൻറൈനിംഗ്, എന്നാൽ കുറച്ച് അഗ്രെസ്സീവ് ലോക്ക്-ഡൗ.ൺ എന്നിവയാൽ പകർച്ചവ്യാധി കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. മരണസംഖ്യയുമായി താരതമ്യപ്പെടുത്തുമ്പോൾ കൂടുതൽ പരിശോധന നടത്തിയ രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ മരണനിരക്ക് വളരെ കുറവാണെന്ന് ഒരു സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്ക് കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. കാരണം ഈ രാജ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് തീവ്രതയില്ലാത്ത ലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ ഇല്ലാത്തവരെ കണ്ടെത്താൻ കഴിയുന്നു.<ref name=":1" /> == ഗവേഷണവും വികസനവും == SARS-CoV-2 ന്റെ ന്യൂക്ലിയോകാപ്സിഡ് പ്രോട്ടീനുമായി (N പ്രോട്ടീൻ) ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന [[Monoclonal antibody|മോണോക്ലോണൽ ആന്റിബോഡികൾ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഒരു പരീക്ഷണം [[Rapid influenza diagnostic test|ദ്രുതഗതിയിലുള്ള ഇൻഫ്ലുവൻസ പരിശോധന]] പോലെ 15 മുതൽ 20 മിനിറ്റിനുള്ളിൽ ഇത് ഫലങ്ങൾ നൽകുമെന്ന പ്രതീക്ഷയോടെ തായ്‌വാനിൽ വികസിപ്പിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയാണ്.<ref>{{cite news |title=中央研究院網站 |url=https://www.sinica.edu.tw/en/news/6505 |accessdate=12 March 2020 |work=sinica.edu.tw |publisher=Sinca |archive-date=2020-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418092403/https://www.sinica.edu.tw/en/news/6505 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ഈ പരിശോധനകൾ രോഗത്തെ സാധൂകരിക്കേണ്ടതുണ്ടെന്നും ഗവേഷണ ഘട്ടത്തിൽ മാത്രമാണെന്നും ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന ഏപ്രിൽ 8 ന് ആശങ്ക ഉന്നയിച്ചു.<ref>{{cite web |title=Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19 |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19 |website=who.int |accessdate=11 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിലെ ഫുഡ് ആൻഡ് ഡ്രഗ് അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷൻ ഏപ്രിൽ 2, <ref>Romano, Andrew. (7 April 2020). "Fauci once dismissed concerns about 'silent carriers' of coronavirus. Not anymore." [https://news.yahoo.com/fauci-once-dismissed-concerns-about-silent-carriers-of-coronavirus-not-anymore-161718057.html Yahoo News] Retrieved 17 April 2020.</ref> ന് ഒരു ആന്റിബോഡി പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് അംഗീകാരം നൽകി, എന്നാൽ ചില ഗവേഷകർ മുന്നറിയിപ്പ് നൽകുന്നത് ന്യൂട്രലൈസിംഗ് ആന്റിബോഡികൾ ഉൽ‌പാദിപ്പിക്കുന്ന COVID ‑ 19 അതിജീവിച്ചവരുടെ ശതമാനവും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നില്ലെങ്കിൽ അത്തരം പരിശോധനകൾ പൊതുജനാരോഗ്യ തീരുമാനങ്ങൾക്ക് കാരണമാകില്ല എന്നാണ്.<ref name=SA_immun/> == രാജ്യം അനുസരിച്ച് വൈറസ് പരിശോധന സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ == രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ പരിശോധന നയത്തെ കണക്കുകൾ സ്വാധീനിക്കുന്നു. സമാനമായ അണുബാധയുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ ആശുപത്രികളിൽ പ്രവേശിപ്പിച്ച ആളുകളെ മാത്രം പരിശോധിക്കുന്ന ഒരു രാജ്യത്തിന് "പോസിറ്റീവ് / ദശലക്ഷം ആളുകൾ" കുറവും ഉയർന്ന "% (പോസിറ്റീവ് ടെസ്റ്റുകളുടെ ശതമാനം)" ഉം ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കും. എല്ലാ പൗരന്മാരും രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ കാണിക്കുന്നുണ്ടോ ഇല്ലയോ എന്ന് പരിശോധിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340539075 |title=Sampling Bias: Explaining Wide Variations in COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates |publisher=ResearchGate |access-date=April 17, 2020|date=April 1, 2020 }}</ref> {{COVID-19 testing by country|state=expanded}} == രാജ്യ ഉപവിഭാഗം അനുസരിച്ച് വൈറസ് പരിശോധന സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ == {{COVID-19 testing by country subdivision|state=expanded}} ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commons category}} * [https://ourworldindata.org/covid-testing ''Data on COVID-19 testing''] at [[Our World in Data]] (March 31, 2020) * [https://www.c-span.org/video/?470277-1/federal-health-officials-testify-coronavirus-outbreak-response&start=4478 ''COVID-19 Testing (at least) – now Free for all?'' (CDC; US Congress; CSPAN video/6:00; March 12, 2020)] * [https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045 Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR]; [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988269/ NCBI-PMC], [https://dx.doi.org/10.2807%2F1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045 DOI] (January 23, 2020) {{2019–20 coronavirus pandemic}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കോവിഡ്-19]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:രക്തപരിശോധന]] 8p0uczgrtofwjy1uha3c3mipsiomzb0 0 516181 4644369 3401270 2026-07-08T09:33:17Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=BluePoppy.jpg|status=|status_system=|genus=Meconopsis|species=aculeata|authority=[[John Forbes Royle|Royle]]}} പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ [[ഹിമാലയം|ഹിമാലയത്തിലെ]] [[പാകിസ്താൻ|പാകിസ്ഥാനിലെയും]] ഇന്ത്യയിലെയും ഭൂപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന മുള്ളുകളോടുകൂടി, നീലനിറത്തിൽ പുഷ്പങ്ങളുള്ള മെക്കോനോപ്സിസ് ജനുസ്സിൽ പെട്ട ഇനമാണ് '''''മെക്കോനോപ്സിസ് അക്യുലേറ്റ'''''. 1833-ൽ [[John Forbes Royle|റോയൽ]] ശേഖരിച്ച മാതൃകകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ ഇനം വിവരിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. ഈ ഇനത്തെ ഒരു ഔഷധസസ്യമെന്ന നിലയിൽ വളരെയധികം വിലമതിക്കുന്നു, <ref>''Meconopsis aculeata'' - Plants For A Future database report</ref> അമിതമായ ശേഖരണം മൂലം ഇതിന്റെ സാന്ദ്രതയിൽ ഗണ്യമായ കുറവു വന്നിട്ടുണ്ട് == അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Meconopsis+aculeata മെക്കോനോപ്സിസ് അക്യുലേറ്റ - ഭാവിയിലെ ഡാറ്റാബേസ് റിപ്പോർട്ടിനുള്ള സസ്യങ്ങൾ] * [http://www.meconopsis.org മെക്കോനോപ്സിസ് ഗ്രൂപ്പ്] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250064127 പാക്കിസ്ഥാനിലെ ഫ്ലോറയിലെ മെക്കോനോപ്സിസ് ''അക്യുലേറ്റ'' @ efloras.org] ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [http://www.meconopsis.org The Meconopsis Group] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250064127 ''Meconopsis aculeata'' in Flora of Pakistan @ efloras.org] {{Taxonbar|from=Q3338555}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] do1f9vgopwbc3dcyq00xzo9rktxkmmv 0 528332 4644224 4552578 2026-07-07T15:14:53Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Uğur Şahin<br>ഉഗൂർ സഹിൻ | image = Ugur Sahin v1.jpg | caption = 2019 - ൽ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|9|29}} | birth_place = [[Iskenderun]], [[Hatay]], Turkey | citizenship = Germany | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted list|[[University of Cologne]]|[[Saarland University]]}} | occupation = Professor of Oncology<br>Chief Executive Officer<br>Company Founder | years_active = 1991–present | employer = {{Unbulleted list|University of Cologne|Saarland University|University Hospital Zurich|University Medical Center Mainz|BioNTech}} | organization = {{Unbulleted list|German Society of Immunology|American Association for Cancer Research|American Society of Clinical Oncology}} | known_for = {{Unbulleted list|[[BioNTech]]|[[BNT162b2]] [[vaccine]]}} | net_worth = $4.6 billion<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/ugur-sahin/</ref> | term = 2008–present | spouse = [[Özlem Türeci]] | awards = {{Unbulleted list|Merit Award of the American Society of Clinical Oncology|Georges Köhler Prize|German Cancer Award}} | website = {{URL|1=biontech.de/de/our-dna/fuehrungsteam|2=Profile at BioNTech}} }} [[ഭിഷ്വഗരൻ|ഡോക്ടർ]], [[അർബുദ ചികിൽസ|ഗൈനക്കോളജിസ്റ്റ്]], ടർക്കിഷ് വംശജനായ സംരംഭകൻ എന്നീനിലകളിൽ പ്രമുഖനായ ഒരു തുർക്കിഷ്-ജർമ്മൻ ഗവേഷകനാണ് '''ഉഗൂർ സഹിൻ''' '''Uğur Şahin''' (Turkish: [uːɾ ʃaː.hin] ; ജനനം 1965).<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/ugur-sahin/</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Hatice Akyün|title=„Wir sind Impfstoff“: Über zwei Wissenschaftler, die nicht nur Hoffnung gegen das Virus machen.|date=2020-04-26|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/wir-sind-impfstoff-ueber-zwei-wissenschaftler-die-nicht-nur-hoffnung-gegen-das-virus-machen/25771136.html|periodical=Der Tagesspiegel|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> കാൻസർ ഗവേഷണവും രോഗപ്രതിരോധശാസ്ത്രവുമാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന ഗവേഷണ മേഖലകൾ. <ref>{{Citation|last=Johannes Göbel|title=Erfolgreiches „Mainzer Modell“|date=2015-03-26|url=https://www.deutschland.de/de/topic/wissen/universitaet-forschung/erfolgreiches-mainzer-modell|periodical=Deutschland-Portal|publisher=Fazit Communication, German Federal Foreign Office|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2006 മുതൽ മെയിൻസ് സർവകലാശാലയിലെ മൂന്നാമത്തെ മെഡിക്കൽ ക്ലിനിക്കിൽ പരീക്ഷണാത്മക [[അർബുദ ചികിൽസ|ഓങ്കോളജി]] പ്രൊഫസറായും 2008 മുതൽ [[അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ|ബോർഡ് ചെയർമാനായും]], ഭാര്യ [[ഒസ്‌ലം ടുറേസി]]യുമായിച്ചേർന്ന് സ്ഥാപിച്ച കമ്പനിയായ ബയോടെക് എസ്ഇയുടെ സിഇഒയുമായും അദ്ദേഹം പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. [[കൊറോണ വൈറസ് രോഗം 2019|കോവിഡ്-19]] [[വാക്സിൻ]] ഡെവലപ്പർമാരിൽ ഒരാളായി സഹിൻ കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|last=Kurt Stukenberg|title=Immuningenieure im Wettlauf gegen die Zeit|date=2020-10-23|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/medizin/corona-immuningenieure-im-wettlauf-gegen-die-zeit-a-040c279e-e8f8-455c-b542-a6aae4993c9e|periodical=Der Spiegel|place=Hamburg|publisher=Spiegel-Verlag Rudolf Augstein|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> ജർമ്മനിയിലെ സമ്പന്നരായ നൂറു ആളുകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹവും പങ്കാളിയും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. 2020 ലെ കണക്കനുസരിച്ച് ഫോബ്‌സ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആസ്തി 4.6 ബില്യൺ യുഎസ് ഡോളറായി കണക്കാക്കിയിരിക്കുന്നു. <ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/ugur-sahin/</ref> == ജീവിതം == കൊളോണിലെ ഫോർഡ് ഫാക്ടറികളിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്തിരുന്ന പിതാവിനൊപ്പം താമസിക്കാൻ സഹിൻ തന്റെ അമ്മയ്‌ക്കൊപ്പം തുർക്കിയിൽ നിന്ന് നാലാം വയസ്സിൽ ജർമനിയിലേക്ക് താമസം മാറ്റി. <ref>{{Citation|last=Franz Josef Wagner|title=Betrifft: Wir sind Impfstoff.|date=2020-10-07|issue=234|page=18|periodical=B.Z.|publisher=B.Z. Ullstein|language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Corona-Impfstoff könnte Biontech-Gründer Ugur Sahin weltberühmt machen.|date=2020-10-21|url=https://www.rtl.de/cms/corona-impfstoff-koennte-biontech-gruender-ugur-sahin-weltberuehmt-machen-4630380.html|periodical=RTL|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> [[ഫുട്ബോൾ|ഫുട്ബോളിനുപുറമെ]], [[കത്തോലിക്കാസഭ|കത്തോലിക്കാ പള്ളി]] ലൈബ്രറിയിൽ നിന്ന് കടമെടുത്ത ജനപ്രിയ ശാസ്ത്ര പുസ്തകങ്ങളിലും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് താൽപ്പര്യമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. 1984 ൽ കൊളോൺ-നീഹലിലെ എറിക്-കോസ്റ്റ്നർ- ജിംനേഷ്യത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ബിരുദം നേടിയ അദ്ദേഹം സ്കൂളിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ തുർക്കി അതിഥി തൊഴിലാളി കുട്ടിയായി മാറി. [[ഗണിതം|മാത്തമാറ്റിക്സ്]], [[രസതന്ത്രം|കെമിസ്ട്രി]] എന്നിവയിൽ ഉപരിപഠനം നടത്തി. <ref>{{Citation|last=Bastian Ebel|title=Stolz an Kölner Schule: Irrer Lebensweg: Ex-Abiturient wird in Corona-Zeit zum Weltstar|date=2020-11-11|url=https://www.express.de/koeln/stolz-an-koelner-schule-irrer-lebensweg--ex-abiturient-wird-in-corona-zeit-zum-weltstar-37600434|language=de|access-date=2020-11-20|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117083933/https://www.express.de/koeln/stolz-an-koelner-schule-irrer-lebensweg--ex-abiturient-wird-in-corona-zeit-zum-weltstar-37600434|url-status=dead}}</ref> സഹിൻ പിന്നീട് തന്റെ ഭാര്യയായ [[ഒസ്‌ലം ടുറേസി]]യെ സാർലാന്റ് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിലെ ജോലിക്കാലത്താണ് കണ്ടുമുട്ടിയത്. 2002 ൽ ഇരുവരും വിവാഹിതരായി; അവർക്ക് ഒരു മകളുണ്ട്. <ref>{{Citation|last=Tobias Stolzenberg|title=Zwei gegen den Krebs|date=2018|url=https://www.heise.de/select/tr/2018/5/1525055172523270|issue=5|periodical=Technology Review|place=Hannover|publisher=Heise Verlag|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> == വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം == ഷാഹിൻ 1984 മുതൽ 1992 വരെ [[University of Cologne|കൊളോൺ സർവകലാശാലയിൽ]] [[വൈദ്യം]] പഠിച്ചു. <ref>{{Citation|last=Sebastian Balzter|title=Das Traumpaar der Biotech-Branche|date=2016-08-21|url=https://www.hmw.ag/files/Pressearchiv/FAS_20160821__Traumpaar_der_Biotech_Branche.pdf|page=27|periodical=Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711143538/https://www.hmw.ag/files/Pressearchiv/FAS_20160821__Traumpaar_der_Biotech_Branche.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Entwicklung innovativer Impfstoffe gegen Krebserkrankungen|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHE6LsUs_bU&t=10m47s|periodical=YouTube|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> ട്യൂമർ സെല്ലുകൾക്കുള്ള [[Immunotherapy|ഇമ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പി]] ( ട്യൂമർ സെല്ലുകളിൽ സൈറ്റോസ്റ്റാറ്റിക് മുൻഗാമികൾ സജീവമാക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ബിസ്പെസിഫിക് മോണോക്ലോണൽ ആന്റിബോഡികൾ) എന്ന പ്രബന്ധം ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 1992 ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ് നേടി. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ തീസിസ് സൂപ്പർവൈസർ {{Illm|Michael Pfreundschuh}} ആയിരുന്നു. 1992 മുതൽ 1994 വരെ അദ്ദേഹം [[University of Hagen|ഹേഗനിൻ സർവ്വകലാശാലയിൽ]] [[ഗണിതം|ഗണിതശാസ്ത്രം]] പഠിച്ചു. <ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=Prof. Dr. Ugur Sahin, Mitglied des FZI|url=https://www.fzi.uni-mainz.de/files/2019/10/CV_Prof-Sahin_aktualisiert.pdf|publisher=Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI) der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> == ജോലി == 1991 മുതൽ 2000 വരെ {{Illm|University Hospital of Cologne}} ആന്തരിക മെഡിസിൻ, [[ഹീമറ്റോളജി|ഹെമറ്റോളജി]] / ഓങ്കോളജി എന്നിവയിൽ ഫിസിഷ്യനായി പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. പിന്നീട് സാർലാന്റ് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ആശുപത്രിയിൽ ൽ ഹൊംബുര്ഗ് . മോളിക്യുലർ മെഡിസിൻ, ഇമ്മ്യൂണോളജി എന്നീ മേഖലകളിൽ 1999 ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഗവേഷണം ഉറപ്പിച്ചു. {{Illm|University Hospital Zurich}} ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഫോർ എക്സ്പിരിമെന്റൽ ഇമ്മ്യൂണോളജിയിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്ത ശേഷം 2000 ൽ അദ്ദേഹം യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി മെഡിക്കൽ സെന്റർ മെയിൻസിലേക്ക് മാറി. അവിടെ, 2001 മുതൽ കാൻസർ ഗവേഷണത്തിലും രോഗപ്രതിരോധശാസ്ത്രത്തിലും വിവിധ പ്രമുഖ സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. III. മെഡിക്കൽ ക്ലിനിക്കിൽ 2006 മുതൽ അദ്ദേഹം പരീക്ഷണാത്മക ഗൈനക്കോളജി പ്രൊഫസറാണ്. <ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Prof. Dr. med. Ugur Sahin|url=https://www.sfb1399.de/research/principal-investigators/prof-dr-med-ugur-sahin|periodical=SFB 1399: Mechanisms of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer|publisher=Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> കാൻസർ ട്യൂമറുകളുടെ ഇമ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പിക്ക് പുതിയ ടാർഗെറ്റ് തന്മാത്രകളെ ( [[പ്രതിജനകം|ആന്റിജനുകൾ]] ) തിരിച്ചറിയുന്നതിനും സ്വഭാവമാക്കുന്നതിനും അഹിൻ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു, ഉദാ. [[സ്തനാർബുദം]], പ്രോസ്റ്റേറ്റ് കാൻസർ, [[ശ്വാസകോശാർബുദം|ശ്വാസകോശ അർബുദം]], മറ്റ് അപകടകരമായ ക്യാൻസറുകൾ. [[രോഗപ്രതിരോധവ്യവസ്ഥ|രോഗപ്രതിരോധവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ]] അനുബന്ധ പ്രതികരണത്തിന് കാരണമാകുന്ന ജനിതക വിവരങ്ങളുള്ള ഒരു മെസഞ്ചർ പദാർത്ഥമായ [[ആർ. എൻ. എ.|റിബോൺ ന്യൂക്ലിക് ആസിഡ്]] (ആർ‌എൻ‌എ) അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി ഒരു കാൻസർ വാക്സിൻ വികസിപ്പിക്കുകയാണ് ലക്ഷ്യം, ഇത് മുഴകളെ തടയുന്നതിനും റിഗ്രഷൻ ചെയ്യുന്നതിനും കാരണമാകുന്നു. ഈ ആർ‌എൻ‌എ വാക്സിനുകൾ [[കോശം|കോശങ്ങളുടെ]] ജനിതക വസ്തുക്കളിൽ സ്ഥിരമായ ജനിതകമാറ്റത്തിന് കാരണമാകില്ല. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, അവ ലളിതമായി പറഞ്ഞാൽ, "ഒറ്റ ഉപയോഗത്തിന്" ശേഷം വീണ്ടും അലിഞ്ഞു ചേർന്ന് ഒരു [[മാംസ്യം|പ്രോട്ടീൻ]] രൂപപ്പെടുന്നു. ഒരു ജനിതക എഞ്ചിനീയറിംഗ് പ്രക്രിയ വികസിപ്പിക്കുക എന്നതാണ് ഒരു പ്രശ്നം, അതിനാൽ ഈ വാക്സിനുകൾ കുത്തിവയ്പ്പിനു ശേഷം രോഗപ്രതിരോധ സംവിധാനത്തിൽ നിന്ന് നേരിട്ടുള്ളതും ലക്ഷ്യമിടുന്നതുമായ പ്രതികരണത്തിന് കാരണമാകുന്നു. അത്തരം ഒപ്റ്റിമൈസ് ചെയ്ത ആർ‌എൻ‌എ ശൃംഖലകൾ വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിൽ, സഹിനും അതിന്റെ ഗവേഷണ സംഘവും സമീപ വർഷങ്ങളിൽ ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ വിജയം നേടി. === യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി മെഡിക്കൽ സെന്റർ മെയിൻസ് === 2000 ൽ {{Illm|University Medical Center Mainz}} എസ്‌എഫ്‌ബി 432 ന്റെ ജൂനിയർ റിസർച്ച് ഗ്രൂപ്പിന്റെ തലവനായി ഷാഹിൻ, 2003 ൽ ട്യൂമർ വാക്സിൻ സെന്ററിന്റെ ചെയർ ആയി. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Citation|title=Ugur Sahin – Biography|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564|periodical=ORCID|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2006 മുതൽ പരീക്ഷണാത്മക, വിവർത്തന ഓങ്കോളജി വിഭാഗത്തിൽ സ്വകാര്യ ലക്ചററാണ്. 2010 ൽ ജോഹന്നാസ് ഗുട്ടൻബർഗ് യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി മെയിൻസിലെ (ട്രോൺ) യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി മെഡിക്കൽ സെന്ററിൽ ട്രാൻസ്ലേഷൻ ഓങ്കോളജി സ്ഥാപകനായിരുന്നു. ക്യാൻസറിനും മറ്റ് രോഗങ്ങൾക്കും ചികിത്സയില്ലാത്ത പുതിയ രോഗനിർണയ ഉപകരണങ്ങളും മരുന്നുകളും വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ബയോഫാർമസ്യൂട്ടിക്കൽ റിസർച്ച് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടാണിത് . <ref>{{Citation|title=Über TRON|url=https://tron-mainz.de/de/ueber-tron/|publisher=TRON – Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2021-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320060755/https://tron-mainz.de/de/ueber-tron/|url-status=dead}}</ref> വ്യക്തിഗത വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം, കാൻസർ ഇമ്മ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പി എന്നിവയിലാണ് ഇതിന്റെ ശ്രദ്ധ. അതിന്റെ അടിത്തറ മുതൽ 2019 സെപ്റ്റംബർ വരെ അദ്ദേഹം അതിന്റെ ശാസ്ത്രസംവിധായകനായിരുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|title=Management|url=https://tron-mainz.de/de/ueber-tron/management/|publisher=TRON – Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119085811/https://tron-mainz.de/de/ueber-tron/management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> അന്നുമുതൽ പിഎച്ച്ഡി വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളുടെ ശാസ്ത്ര ഉപദേഷ്ടാവും സൂപ്പർവൈസറുമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. . <ref name="TRON">{{Citation|title=Neues Spitzenforschungsinstitut in Mainz: TRON – Translationale Onkologie. Bindeglied zwischen Universität, Universitätsmedizin und Wirtschaft.|date=2010-02-18|url=http://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/35054.php|publisher=Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Weiterbildung und Kultur des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118103859/https://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/35054.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഈ രംഗത്തെ പ്രവർത്തനത്തിന് സഹിന് {{Illm|German Cancer Prize 2019}} ലഭിച്ചു . <ref>{{Citation|last=Petra Spielberg|title=Ugur Sahin: Mit individualisierten Therapien gegen den Krebs.|date=2019|url=https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/207247/Ugur-Sahin-Mit-individualisierten-Therapien-gegen-den-Krebs|issue=116|periodical=Deutsches Ärzteblatt|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Renée Dillinger-Reiter|title=Professor Ugur Sahin erhält den Deutschen Krebspreis 2019|date=2019-02-28|url=https://www.unimedizin-mainz.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/aktuellemitteilungen/newsdetail/article/professor-ugur-sahin-erhaelt-den-deutschen-krebspreis-2019.html|publisher=Universitätsmedizin Mainz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2011 ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി സെന്റർ ഫോർ ട്യൂമർ ഡിസീസസ് മെയിൻസ് (യുസിടി മെയിൻസ്) ഡെപ്യൂട്ടി ഡയറക്ടറാണ്. <ref>{{Citation|title=Geschäftsführung|url=https://www.unimedizin-mainz.de/uct/das-uct-mainz/organisation/geschaeftsfuehrung.html|publisher=Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Mainz (UCT Mainz)|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=CCC-Netzwerk der Deutschen Krebshilfe – Mitglieder – Mainz|url=http://www.ccc-netzwerk.de/das-netzwerk/mitglieder/mainz.html|publisher=Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഓങ്കോളജി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഗൈനക്കോളജിക്കൽ ഗവേഷണങ്ങളിൽ ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്ന യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി മെഡിക്കൽ സെന്റർ മെയിൻസിലെ എല്ലാ ഗൈനക്കോളജിക്കൽ ആക്റ്റീവ് സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളുടെയും ഒരു അസോസിയേഷനാണ് യുസിടി മെയിൻസ്. <ref>{{Citation|title=Uni Mainz hat neues Tumor-Zentrum.|date=2011-06-22|url=https://www.bdi.de/politik-und-presse/nachrichten/ansicht/article/uni-mainz-hat-neues-tumor-zentrum/|publisher=Berufsverband Deutscher Internisten|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225163526/https://www.bdi.de/politik-und-presse/nachrichten/ansicht/article/uni-mainz-hat-neues-tumor-zentrum/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ജർമ്മൻ കാൻസർ റിസർച്ച് സെന്ററും (ഡി കെ എഫ് ഇസെഡ്) ട്രോണും തമ്മിലുള്ള സഹകരണമായ പുതിയ ഹെൽംഹോൾട്സ് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് എച്ച്ഐ-ട്രോൺ സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നതിൽ 2017 ൽ ഇത് പങ്കാളിയായി. <ref>{{Citation|last=Renée Dillinger-Reiter|title=Personalisierte Immuntherapie gegen Krebs|date=2017-03-01|url=https://www.unimedizin-mainz.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/aktuellemitteilungen/newsdetail/article/personalisierte-immuntherapie-gegen-krebs.html|publisher=Universitätsmedizin Mainz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415105032/https://www.unimedizin-mainz.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/aktuellemitteilungen/newsdetail/article/personalisierte-immuntherapie-gegen-krebs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Helmholtz-Institut für Translationale Onkologie Mainz|url=https://www.dkfz.de/de/hi-tron/index.html|publisher=Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Präzisionsschlag gegen den Krebs|date=2019-02-14|url=https://www.bmbf.de/de/praezisionsschlag-gegen-den-krebs-7894.html|publisher=Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). Sieg gegen Krebs nicht unmöglich.|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128045938/https://www.bmbf.de/de/praezisionsschlag-gegen-den-krebs-7894.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> പുതിയ ഹെൽംഹോൾട്സ് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന്റെ ശാസ്ത്ര ഡയറക്ടർമാരിൽ ഒരാളാണ് അദ്ദേഹം. <ref>{{Citation|title=Neues Helmholtz-Institut|date=2019-02-14|url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article188764059/Sieg-gegen-Krebs-nicht-unmoeglich-neues-Helmholtz-Institut.html|periodical=Die Welt|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> സ്ഥാപക ചടങ്ങിനിടെ, “ഭാവിയിൽ ക്യാൻസറിനെ പരാജയപ്പെടുത്താൻ കഴിയുമെന്ന്” താൻ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നുവെന്ന് സാഹിൻ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു. <ref>{{Citation|title=Experte für Immuntherapie: Sieg gegen Krebs nicht unmöglich.|url=https://www.faz.net/1.6041022|periodical=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|language=de|issn=0174-4909|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> === ഗാനിമെഡ് ഫാർമസ്യൂട്ടിക്കൽസ് === പിന്നീട് തന്റെ ഭാര്യയായ ഒസ്ലെം ടുറേസിയോടൊപ്പം 2001-ൽ ഗാനിമെഡ് ഫാർമസ്യൂട്ടിക്കൽസ് എന്ന കമ്പനി സഹിൻ സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്. <ref>{{Citation|last=Joe Miller|title=Ugur Sahin: The Immunologist Racing To Find a Vaccine|date=2020-03-20|url=https://www.ft.com/content/36ddd384-6abf-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75|periodical=Financial Times|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> ഈ കമ്പനി വികസിപ്പിച്ച മൊനൊക്ലോണൽ ആന്റിബോഡി സോൾബെറ്റ്യൂക്സിമാബ് ഈസോഫാഗൽ, ചെറുകുടലിൽ കാൻസർ എന്നിവയ്ക്കെതിരെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതാണ്. <ref>{{Citation|last=Tobias Stolzenberg|title=Zwei gegen den Krebs|date=2018-10-08|url=https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Zwei-gegen-den-Krebs-4129169.html|periodical=Heise Online|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2016 ൽ കമ്പനി അസ്റ്റെല്ലസ് ഫാർമയ്ക്ക് കുറഞ്ഞത് മൂന്ന്-അക്ക ദശലക്ഷത്തിന് വിറ്റു. <ref>{{Citation|title=Astellas kauft Ganymed|date=2016-10-28|url=https://transkript.de/news/astellas-kauft-ganymed.html|periodical=Transkript|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711233156/https://transkript.de/news/astellas-kauft-ganymed.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> രണ്ടാം ഘട്ട വിജയകരമായ പഠനത്തിനുശേഷം, മരുന്ന് 2020 ലെ മൂന്നാം ഘട്ടത്തിലാണ്. <ref>{{Citation|last=O. Türeci, U. Sahin, H. Schulze-Bergkamen, Z. Zvirbule, F. Lordick|title=A Multicentre, Phase Iia Study of Zolbetuximab as a Single Agent in Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Lower Oesophagus: The Mono Study|date=2019-06-26|volume=30|issue=9|page=1487–1495|periodical=Annals of Oncology: Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology|language=en|doi=10.1093/annonc/mdz199|issn=1569-8041|pmc=6771222|pmid=31240302}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Antibody Shines in Advanced Gastric Cancer|date=2016-06-05|url=https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/asco/58317|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) Plus CAPOX Compared With Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment of Subjects With Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03653507|periodical=ClinicalTrials|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> പുതുതായി സൃഷ്ടിച്ച ബയോടെക്നോളജി [[സ്റ്റാർട്ടപ്പ് കമ്പനി|സ്റ്റാർട്ട്-അപ്പ്]] ഒഫൻസീവിന്റെ (ജി‌ഒ-ബയോ) ഭാഗമായി 2006 ൽ ജർമ്മൻ ഫെഡറൽ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ഗവേഷണ മന്ത്രാലയം സ്പോൺസർഷിപ്പ് സമ്മാനം നൽകിയ പന്ത്രണ്ട് പ്രോജക്ടുകളിൽ ഒന്നാണ് ക്യാൻസറിനെതിരായ നൂതന വാക്സിനുകൾ വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലേക്ക് അദ്ദേഹം നയിച്ച പദ്ധതി. === ബിയോൺടെക് === [[പ്രമാണം:Mainz.BioNTechSE.20200731.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം| മെയിൻസിലെ ബയോ‌ടെക് എസ്ഇയുടെ ആസ്ഥാനം]] 2008 ൽ ജർമ്മനിയിലെ മെയിൻസ് ആസ്ഥാനമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന ബയോടെക്നോളജി കമ്പനിയായ ബയോ ടെക്കിന്റെ സ്ഥാപകരിലൊരാളാണ് സഹിൻ, അന്നുമുതൽ അതിന്റെ സിഇഒ ആണ്. <ref>{{Citation|title=Ministerpräsidentin Malu Dreyer sagt Mainzer Impfstoffentwickler BioNTech Unterstützung zu.|date=2020-05-15|url=https://www.rlp.de/de/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/News/detail/ministerpraesidentin-malu-dreyer-sagt-mainzer-impfstoffentwickler-biontech-unterstuetzung-zu/|publisher=Staatskanzlei Rheinland-Pfalz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027214123/https://www.rlp.de/de/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/News/detail/ministerpraesidentin-malu-dreyer-sagt-mainzer-impfstoffentwickler-biontech-unterstuetzung-zu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Ugur Sahin, Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18869003|periodical=Bloomberg|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> ക്യാൻസറിനും മറ്റ് ഗുരുതരമായ രോഗങ്ങൾക്കും ചികിത്സയ്ക്കായി രോഗി നിർദ്ദിഷ്ട സമീപനത്തിനായി സജീവമായ രോഗപ്രതിരോധ ചികിത്സകൾ വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലും നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നതിലും ബയോ എൻ‌ടെക് ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|last=Hofmann, Siegfried; Terpitz, Katrin|title=Impfung gegen Krebs|date=2016-03-16|page=16|periodical=Handelsblatt|language=de}}</ref> വ്യക്തിഗത കാൻസർ രോഗപ്രതിരോധ ചികിത്സകളായും, പകർച്ചവ്യാധികൾക്കെതിരായ വാക്സിനുകളായും, അപൂർവ രോഗങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള പ്രോട്ടീൻ മാറ്റിസ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ചികിത്സകളായും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിന് എംആർ‌എൻ‌എ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കിയുള്ള മരുന്നുകൾ കണ്ടെത്തുക എന്നതാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഗവേഷണ പ്രവർത്തനത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന ലക്ഷ്യം. <ref>{{Citation|last=Kutter, Susanne|title=Der große Schlag im Kampf gegen den Krebs|date=2016-06-03|issue=23|page=14|periodical=WirtschaftsWoche|language=de}}</ref> ലിസ്റ്റുചെയ്ത കമ്പനിയിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ചെറിയതാൽപ്പര്യം ഉണ്ട്. <ref>{{Citation|title=BioNTech-Aktie|url=https://www.finanzen.net/aktien/biontech-aktie|periodical=finanzen.net|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Wolfram Weimer|title=Der Impfstoff naht|date=2020-10-13|url=https://www.n-tv.de/politik/politik_person_der_woche/Der-Impfstoff-naht-article22095146.html|periodical=n-tv|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2020 ഏപ്രിൽ മുതൽ ബിയോൺടെക് ശ്വാസകോശരോഗമായ [[കൊറോണ വൈറസ് രോഗം 2019|കോവിഡ് -19 നെതിരെയുള്ള]] വാക്സിൻ സംബന്ധിച്ച് ഗവേഷണം നടത്തിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയാണ്. [[കൊറോണ വൈറസ് രോഗം 2019|സഹിനും]] അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഭാര്യ ഇസ്ലെം ടെറെസിയും കമ്പനിയുടെ [[ഡയറക്ടർ ബോർഡ്]] അംഗമാണ്. <ref>{{Citation|last=Siegfried Hofmann, Christian Wermke|title=Ugur Sahin und Özlem Türeci: Dieses Medizinerpaar entwickelt einen Covid-19-Impfstoff.|date=2020-04-23|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/ugur-sahin-und-oezlem-tuereci-dieses-medizinerpaar-entwickelt-einen-covid-19-impfstoff/25766452.html|periodical=Handelsblatt|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=The Husband-and-Wife Team Behind the Leading Vaccine to Solve Covid-19|date=2020-11-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/10/business/biontech-covid-vaccine.html|periodical=The New York Times|language=en|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref> ഷാഹിനും തന്റെ കമ്പനിയ്ക്കും പങ്കാളികൾക്കും നിരവധി [[നിർമ്മാണാവകാശം|പേറ്റന്റുകൾ]] ഉണ്ട്. വാക്സിൻ വിതരണം ചെയ്യുന്നതിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ചയുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലത്തിൽ, COVID-19 നെതിരായ പോരാട്ടത്തിലെ ഒരു പ്രധാന കാര്യം അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര സഹകരണമാണെന്ന് സഹിൻ പ്രസ്താവിച്ചു. വ്യക്തിഗത രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ മാത്രം ഒരു വാക്സിൻ ലഭ്യമാണോ എന്ന് "ചർച്ചയേയില്ല". <ref>{{Citation|title=Mainzer Unternehmen: Wie Biontech gegen Corona kämpft.|date=2020-03-16|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/mainzer-unternehmen-wie-biontech-gegen-corona-kaempft-16682001.html|periodical=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Salz, Jürgen|title=Biontech-Chef Ugur Sahin: „Wir wollen keine Abkürzung gehen.“|date=2020-09-08|url=https://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/industrie/biontech-chef-ugur-sahin-wir-wollen-keine-abkuerzung-gehen/26168404.html|periodical=WirtschaftsWoche|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> പാർശ്വഫലങ്ങൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരു വാക്സിനുകളുടെ ഫലപ്രാപ്തിയും സുരക്ഷയും എല്ലായ്പ്പോഴും സുതാര്യമായി ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്തണം. തങ്ങളെ അറിയിക്കാനും വിവരമറിയിക്കാനും ഇത് ആവർത്തിച്ചുള്ളതും വിശ്വസനീയവുമായി നടക്കുന്നുവെന്ന് ഉറപ്പാക്കാൻ അദ്ദേഹം പ്രതിജ്ഞാബദ്ധനാണ്. നിർബന്ധിത വാക്സിനേഷന് എതിരാണ് സഹിൻ, വാക്സിനേഷൻ സ്വീകരിക്കുന്നത് സ്വമേധയാ ആവണമെന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം ഊന്നിപ്പറയുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|last=Fanny Jimenez|title=Biontech-CEO Ugur Sahin über den Corona-Impfstoff: „Wir haben unser Projekt ‚Lightspeed‘ genannt, um klarzumachen: Wir vergeuden keine Zeit.“|date=2020-10-20|url=https://www.businessinsider.de/wissenschaft/gesundheit/biontech-ceo-ugur-sahin-ueber-corona-impfstoff-wir-haben-unser-projekt-lightspeed-genannt-um-klarzumachen-wir-vergeuden-keine-zeit-a/|periodical=Business Insider|publisher=finanzen|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> 2020 അവസാനത്തോടെ, യു‌എസ് ഫാർമസ്യൂട്ടിക്കൽ കമ്പനിയായ ഫൈസറുമായി ഒരു പങ്കാളിത്തത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ട അദ്ദേഹം 2020 അവസാനിക്കുന്നതിനുമുമ്പ് ഒരു വാക്‌സിനുള്ള അനുമതി നേടാൻ പദ്ധതിയിടുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|last=Paul R. La Monica|title=Pfizer May File for Early COVID-19 Vaccine Use – but Not Until After the Election|date=2020-10-16|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/16/investing/pfizer-vaccine-emergency-use-authorization/index.html|periodical=CNN Business|publisher=Cable News Network, A Warner Media Company|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Bojan Pancevski, Jared S. Hopkins|title=How Pfizer Partner BioNTech Became a Leader in Coronavirus Vaccine Race. Small German Biotech Was a Niche Player in Futuristic Cancer Treatments—Then Pivoted When COVID-19 Broke Out in China.|date=2020-10-22|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-pfizer-partner-biontech-became-a-leader-in-coronavirus-vaccine-race-11603359015|periodical=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|language=en|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Jürgen Salz, Silke Wettach|title=Nach zähen Verhandlungen: EU kauft Millionen Dosen Impfstoff bei Biontech und Pfizer ein.|date=2020-09-09|url=https://www.wiwo.de/my/unternehmen/industrie/nach-zaehen-verhandlungen-eu-kauft-millionen-dosen-impfstoff-bei-biontech-und-pfizer-ein/26164670.html|periodical=WirtschaftsWoche|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> നവംബറിൽ കമ്പനി BNT162b2 വാക്സിൻ 95 ശതമാനം ഫലപ്രാപ്തി റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തു. <ref>{{Citation|last=heise online|title=Biontech/Pfizer-Corona-Impfstoff: 95 Prozent Wirksamkeit nach Phase-3-Auswertung|url=https://www.heise.de/news/Biontech-Pfizer-Corona-Impfstoff-95-Prozent-Wirksamkeit-nach-Phase-3-Auswertung-4965389.html|language=de|access-date=2020-11-24}}</ref> == അംഗത്വങ്ങൾ == {{Illm|German Society of Immunology}} അംഗമാണ് സാഹിൻ 2004 മുതൽ, 2008 മുതൽ മെയിൻസിലെ റെഗുലേറ്ററി റിസർച്ച് ഗ്രൂപ്പായ അസോസിയേഷൻ ഫോർ കാൻസർ ഇമ്മ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പി (സി‌എം‌ടി) യുടെ പ്രോഗ്രാം കമ്മിറ്റി അംഗം. 2012 ൽ മെയിൻസിലെ ക്ലസ്റ്റർ ഓഫ് വ്യക്തിഗത ഇമ്മ്യൂണോഇന്റർവെൻഷന്റെ (സിഐ 3) സ്ഥാപകരിൽ ഒരാളായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. <ref>{{Citation|title=The Cluster for Individualized Immune Intervention (Ci3)|url=https://ci-3.de/whoweare/|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117023413/https://ci-3.de/whoweare/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Cluster für Individualisierte ImmunIntervention (Ci3) – BMBF Spitzencluster|url=https://www.spitzencluster.de/de/cluster-fuer-individualisierte-immunintervention-ci3-1718.html|publisher=Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2021-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320060729/https://www.spitzencluster.de/de/cluster-fuer-individualisierte-immunintervention-ci3-1718.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2014 മുതൽ അമേരിക്കൻ അസോസിയേഷൻ ഫോർ കാൻസർ റിസർച്ച് (എഎസിആർ), 2015 മുതൽ അമേരിക്കൻ സൊസൈറ്റി ഓഫ് ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഓങ്കോളജി (അസ്കോ) എന്നിവയിൽ അംഗമാണ്. <ref name=":0"/> == പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങൾ == യുഎസ് നാഷണൽ ലൈബ്രറി ഓഫ് മെഡിസിൻ 345 ക്ലിനിക്കൽ പഠനങ്ങളും അഹിൻ ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന മറ്റ് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങളും പട്ടികപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു; 49 ന്റെ ആദ്യ രചയിതാവാണ് അദ്ദേഹം. <ref>{{Citation|title=Advanced Search|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/search/advanced|periodical=ClinicalTrials|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|language=en|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref> യുഎസ് പേറ്റന്റ് ആൻഡ് ട്രേഡ്മാർക്ക് ഓഫീസ് അദ്ദേഹവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട നിരവധി പേറ്റന്റുകൾ പട്ടികപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. <ref>{{Citation|title=Advanced Search|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm|periodical=Patent Full-Text and Image Database|publisher=U.S. Patent and Trademark Office|language=en|access-date=2020-11-25|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128231616/http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == അവാർഡുകൾ == * 1995: {{Illm|German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO)}} യുടെ വിൻസെൻസ് സെർനി സമ്മാനം <ref>{{Citation|title=Preisträger Vincenz-Czerny-Preis und deren Arbeiten|url=https://www.dgho.de/aktuelles/preisausschreiben/vincenz-czerny-preis/preistraeger-vincenz-czerny-preis-und-deren-arbeiten|publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> * 1995: അമേരിക്കൻ സൊസൈറ്റി ഓഫ് ക്ലിനിക്കൽ ഓങ്കോളജി (അസ്കോ) യുടെ മെറിറ്റ് അവാർഡ് <ref name=":0"/> * 1997: കലോജെറോ പഗ്ലിയറെല്ലോ റിസർച്ച് അവാർഡ് <ref>{{Citation|title=Ugur Sahin, Managing Director (Science and Research) of Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz – Tron|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/cancer/events/spring-2015/Dr-Professor-Ugur-Sahin.aspx|publisher=University of Birmingham|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2005: {{Illm|Georges Köhler Prize}}{{Illm|German Society of Immunology}} <ref>{{Citation|title=Erfolgreiche Suche nach Tumormarkern|date=2005-10-13|url=https://www.aerztezeitung.de/Medizin/Erfolgreiche-Suche-nach-Tumormarkern-376780.html|periodical=Ärzte Zeitung|publisher=Springer Medizin|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Koehler-Preis|url=https://dgfi.org/preise/koehler-preis/|publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Immunologie|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> * 2006, 2010: ഫെഡറൽ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ഗവേഷണ മന്ത്രാലയത്തിന്റെ ജി‌ഒ-ബയോ പ്രൈസ് <ref>{{Citation|title=GO-Bio Erfolge|url=https://go-bio.de/de/erfolge-1713.html|publisher=Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417221640/https://www.go-bio.de/de/erfolge-1713.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2012: വ്യക്തിഗത രോഗപ്രതിരോധ ഇടപെടലിനായുള്ള സിഐ 3-റീജിയണൽ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിന്റെ ഭാഗമായി ട്രോൺ പ്രോജക്റ്റുകൾക്കുള്ള ബിഎംബിഎഫ് സ്പിറ്റ്സെൻക്ലസ്റ്റർ അവാർഡ് <ref>{{Citation|title=Prof. Ugur Sahin, MD PhD|url=http://iscoms.com/prof-mario-r-capecchi-phd-2/|periodical=ISCOMS|publisher=International Student Congress of (Bio)medical Sciences|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109132131/http://iscoms.com/prof-mario-r-capecchi-phd-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2017/18: ലൈഫ് സയൻസസിൽ ഇആർസി അഡ്വാൻസ്ഡ് ഗ്രാന്റ് <ref>{{Citation|title=Prof. Ugur Sahin Receives Prestigious European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant for Personalized Cancer Vaccines|date=2018-04-19|url=https://www.wissenschaftsallianz-mainz.de/en/news-detail/prof-ugur-sahin-receives-prestigious-european-research-council-erc-advanced-grant-for-personalize/|publisher=Mainzer Wissenschaftsallianz|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208100739/https://www.wissenschaftsallianz-mainz.de/en/news-detail/prof-ugur-sahin-receives-prestigious-european-research-council-erc-advanced-grant-for-personalize/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2019: മുസ്തഫ സമ്മാനം <ref>{{Citation|title=The 2019 Mustafa Prize Laureates|url=https://www.mustafaprize.org/laureates2019|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110111722/https://mustafaprize.org/laureates2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2019: {{Illm|German Cancer Award}} <ref>{{Citation|title=Viermal Deutscher Krebspreis für DKTK Wissenschaftler|date=2019-02-28|url=https://dktk.dkfz.de/de/ueber-uns/news/viermal-deutscher-krebspreis-fuer-dktk-wissenschaftler|publisher=Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK) – Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum|language=de|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> == കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക് == * ഡേവിഡ് ഗെല്ലസ്: [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/10/business/biontech-covid-vaccine.html ''കോവിഡ് -19 പരിഹരിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള പ്രധാന വാക്‌സിനു പിന്നിലെ ഭർത്താവും ഭാര്യയും ടീം.''] [[ദ് ന്യൂയോർക്ക് ടൈംസ്|ദി ന്യൂയോർക്ക് ടൈംസ്]], നവംബർ 10, 2020. == കുറിപ്പുകളും റഫറൻസുകളും == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * ബയോ‌ടെക് എസ്‌ഇയുടെ [https://biontech.de/our-dna/leadership നേതൃത്വ ടീം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224946/https://biontech.de/our-dna/leadership |date=2020-11-09 }} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജർമ്മൻ ഭിഷഗ്വരർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1965-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 German-language sources (de)]] 10a3ur4uvomo2mvfudqcm1rpfu54qef 0 528391 4644278 4099129 2026-07-07T22:49:24Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[പ്രമാണം:Ozlem_Tureci_v1.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം| Özlem Türeci]] ബിയോൺടെക്കിന്റെ സഹസ്ഥാപകയും ചീഫ് മെഡിക്കൽ ഓഫീസറുമായ ഒരു തുർക്കിഷ് - ജർമൻ ഡോക്ടറാണ് '''ഒസ്‌ലം ടുറേസി''' (Özlem Türeci''')''' (ജനനം 1967) <ref name="Forster 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.20min.ch/story/auf-diesem-ausnahme-ehepaar-ruhen-jetzt-alle-hoffnungen-967287883043|title=Auf diesem "Ausnahme"-Ehepaar ruhen jetzt alle Hoffnungen|access-date=29 November 2020|last=Forster|first=Sven|date=10 November 2020|website=20 Minuten|language=de}}</ref> <ref name="lab">{{Cite web|url=https://www.labiotech.eu/interviews/ozlem-tureci-cancer-immunotherapy/|title=The Woman Developing the Next Generation of Cancer Immunotherapy|access-date=9 November 2020|last=Rodríguez Fernánde|first=Clara|date=9 October 2017|website=Labiotech.eu}}</ref> ഇവർ [[ജർമ്മനി]] ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള ലാഭേച്ഛയില്ലാതെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന [https://www.cimt.eu/ അസോസിയേഷൻ ഫോർ കാൻസർ ഇമ്മ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പി (സിഐഎംടി)]യായ മെയിൻസിനെ പ്രസിഡണ്ടും മെയിൻസ് സർവകലാശാലയിലെ ലക്ചററും ആണ്.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://biontech.de/our-dna/leadership|title=Leadership|access-date=9 November 2020|website=BioNTech|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224946/https://biontech.de/our-dna/leadership|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="cluster">{{Cite web|url=https://ci-3.de/chairpersons/|title=Chairpersons – Cluster for Individualized Immune Intervention (Ci3) e.V.|access-date=9 November 2020|publisher=Cluster for Individualized Immune Intervention (Ci3) e.V.|archive-date=2020-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114163848/https://ci-3.de/chairpersons/|url-status=dead}}</ref> കാൻസർ ഇമ്മ്യൂണോതെറാപ്പിക്ക് തുടക്കമിട്ടവരിൽ ഒരാൾ ടുറേസിയാണ്. 2001 ൽ, ടുറേസിയും ചേർന്ന് ഉണ്ടാക്കിയ ഗാനിമെഡ് ഫാർമസ്യൂട്ടിക്കൽസിന്റെ ചീഫ് സയന്റിഫിക് ഓഫീസറായി സ്ഥാനമേറ്റു. 2008 ൽ അതിന്റെ ചീഫ് എക്സിക്യൂട്ടീവ് ഓഫീസറായി.<ref name=":0"/> ജർമ്മനിയിലെ അന്നത്തെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ [[ജൈവസാങ്കേതികവിദ്യ|ബയോടെക്]] ഇടപാടിൽ 2016 ൽ 1.3 ബില്യൺ ഡോളറിന് 2016 ൽ ഏറ്റെടുത്ത ഗാനിമെഡ് ഇപ്പോൾ ആസ്റ്റെല്ലസ് ഫാർമയുടെ അനുബന്ധ സ്ഥാപനമാണ്.<ref name="lab"/><ref name="cluster"/> 2020 കാലയളവിൽ [[കോവിഡ്-19 പകർച്ച വ്യാധി|കോവിഡ്-19 പാൻഡെമിക്കിനെതിരെ]] [[വാക്സിൻ]] കണ്ടുപിടിക്കുന്നതിന് ടുറേസിയുടെ ഗവേഷണങ്ങൾ സഹായകമായി. ടെറസിയും സംഘവും വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്ത [[കൊറോണവൈറസ് രോഗം 2019 വാക്സിൻ|വാക്സിൻ]] വൈറസിന് പ്രതിരോധശേഷി നൽകുന്നതിൽ 90 ശതമാനത്തിലധികം ഫലപ്രദമാണെന്ന് 2020 നവംബർ 11 ന് ഫൈസർ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തു. == സ്വകാര്യ ജീവിതം == [[ലോവർ സാക്സണി|ലോവർ സാക്സോണിയിലെ]] ലാസ്റ്റ്റൂപ്പിൽ തുർക്കി-കുടിയേറ്റ മാതാപിതാക്കൾക്ക് ജനിച്ച ടുറേസി സ്വയം ഒരു " [[പ്രഷ്യ|പ്രഷ്യൻ]] തുർക്ക്" എന്ന് തന്നെത്തന്നെ വിശേഷിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/10/ugur-sahin-and-ozlem-tureci-german-dream-team-behind-vaccine|title=Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci: German 'dream team' behind vaccine|access-date=12 November 2020|date=10 November 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> സാർലാൻഡ് യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി ഫാക്കൽറ്റി ഓഫ് മെഡിസിനിൽ എംഡി നേടി.<ref name=":0"/> ഭർത്താവിനൊപ്പം അവർ സമ്പന്നരായ മികച്ച 100 ജർമ്മൻകാരിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. തന്റെ [[ബയോമെഡിക്കൽ]] ഗവേഷകനായ [[ഉഗൂർ സഹിൻ|ഉഗൂർ സഹി]]<nowiki/>നെ 2002 ൽ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ച അവർ വിവാഹദിനത്തിൽത്തന്നെ പരീക്ഷണശാലയിലേക്ക് തിരികെപ്പോയി ജോലിതുടർന്നവരാണ്. == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == * {{German National Library portal|1202558704}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജർമ്മൻ ഭിഷഗ്വരർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] p8zc7pnk1crhycv1cxu09uccf2oy2i3 0 531022 4644260 3821995 2026-07-07T19:15:25Z Kiran Gopi 10521 /* തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ചരിത്രം */ 4644260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|V. Kuttikrishnan Nair}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ |image =V. Kuttikrishnan Nair.jpg |birth_name = |imagesize = |caption = ||office = [[കേരള നിയമസഭ|കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ അംഗം]] |constituency =[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം]] |term_start = [[മാർച്ച് 3]] [[1967]] |term_end = [[ജൂൺ 26]] [[1970]] |predecessor =[[ലീലാ ദാമോദര മേനോൻ]] |successor = [[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ]] |salary = |birth_date =1922 |birth_place = |residence = |death_date = {{Death date and age|1998|05|05|1922||}} |death_place = |party = [[സംയുക്ത സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|എസ്.എസ്.പി.]], [[ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ഐ.എസ്.പി.]] |religion = |father = |mother= |spouse = |children = 5 മകൻ, 1 മകൾ |website = |footnotes = |date = ജനുവരി 13 |year = 2021 |source =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m373.htm നിയമസഭ }} [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] ഒരു സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പ്രവർത്തകനും മുൻ നിയമസഭാംഗവുമായിരുന്നു '''വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m373.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|access-date=2021-01-13}}</ref>. [[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും [[സംയുക്ത സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|എസ്.എസ്.പി.]] സ്ഥാനാർഥിയായി വിജയിച്ചാണ് ഇദ്ദേഹം [[മൂന്നാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|മൂന്നാം]] കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ അംഗമായത്. 1922-ൽ ജനിച്ച ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന് അഞ്ച് ആണ്മക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമാണുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യസമര രംഗത്ത് സജീവമായിരുന്ന ഇദ്ദേഹം ഒരു ചെറിയ കാലത്തെ അധ്യാപനവൃത്തിക്കും സൈനികവൃത്തിയ്ക്കും ശേഷമാണ് പൊതുരംഗത്ത് സജീവമായത്. 1948വരെ ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ് പ്രവർത്തകനായ അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യം ഐ.എസ്.പിയിലും പിന്നീട് എസ്.എസ്.പി.യിലും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിരുന്നു. എസ്.എസ്.പിയുടെ കോഴിക്കോട് ജില്ലാക്കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം, സംസ്ഥാനക്കമിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ നിലകളിൽ പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം കിസാൻ പഞ്ചായത്തിന്റെ സംസ്ഥാൻ കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗവുമായിരുന്നു<ref>http://klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org/pdf/KLA-010-00106-00022.pdf</ref>. [[കുന്ദമംഗലം ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്]] പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ഹൗസ് കമ്മിറ്റി (1969-70) ചെയർമാൻ എന്നീ പദവികളും വഹിച്ചിരുന്നു. == തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ചരിത്രം == {| class="wikitable" |+ !ക്രമം !വർഷം !മണ്ഡലം !വിജയിച്ച സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ടുകൾ !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം !തൊട്ടടുത്ത സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ |- |1 |1970<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1970-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1970|access-date=2021-01-13|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203194836/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1970-election-results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ|പി.വി.എസ്.എം. പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്‌ലീം ലീഗ്]] |35,599 |11,654 |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ഐ.എസ്.പി.]] |23,945 |- |2 |1967<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1967|access-date=2020-12-11|archive-date=2021-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108052419/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[സംയുക്ത സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|എസ്.എസ്.പി.]] |28,773 |15,602 |[[കെ.പി. പത്മനാഭൻ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്|കോൺഗ്രസ്]] |13,171 |- |3 |1965<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1965-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1965|access-date=2020-12-14|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130014004/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1965-election-results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[സംയുക്ത സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|എസ്.എസ്.പി.]] |30,360 |17,182 |[[പി.കെ. ഇമ്പിച്ചി അഹമ്മദ്]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്|കോൺഗ്രസ്]] |13178 |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ, വി.}} {{Third KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1922-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജനിച്ച ദിവസം അറിയാത്ത ജീവചരിത്രലേഖനങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1998-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മേയ് 5-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ സംയുക്ത സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1965-ലെ കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മൂന്നാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] bnksit39252n73ntka3sbqa0k9milbw 0 537033 4644225 3626671 2026-07-07T15:18:36Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Else Mayer}} {{Infobox person | image = Else Mathilde Mayer-c.1960-in-habit.jpg | alt = Black-and-white head shot of Mayer wearing the internal habit of the Order of the Redeemer, with a veil covering her hair and a cross on her chest. She is shown in a formal, composed pose. | name = Else Mayer | birth_date = {{Birth date text|1891}} | death_date = {{Death year and age|1962|1891}} | occupation = Nun }} ഒരു [[ജർമ്മൻ]] കന്യാസ്ത്രീയും ഫസ്റ്റ്-വേവ് ഫെമിനിസത്തിന്റെ കാലഘട്ടത്തിലെ സ്ത്രീ വിമോചന പ്രവർത്തകയുമായിരുന്നു '''എൽസ് മേയർ''' (1891-1962). ജർമ്മൻ വിമൻസ് ലിബറേഷൻ മൂവ്‌മെന്റിന്റെ തുടക്കക്കാരിൽ ഒരാളായിരുന്നു അവർ. അലക്സാണ്ട്ര ബിഷോഫിനൊപ്പം അവർ എർലോസർബണ്ട് സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. == ജീവിതരേഖ == ജർമ്മൻ ജ്വല്ലറി ഉടമ വിക്ടർ മേയറുടെ മകളായിരുന്നു എൽസ് മേയർ. കന്യാസ്ത്രീയാകുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അവർ കുട്ടിക്കാലവും യുവത്വവും കുടുംബ ബിസിനസിൽ ചെലവഴിച്ചു. നിരവധി കന്യാസ്ത്രീമഠങ്ങൾ സന്ദർശിച്ച ശേഷം 1916-ൽ സ്വന്തമായി എർലേസർബണ്ട് സ്ഥാപിക്കാൻ തീരുമാനിച്ചു. കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പിന്തുണയോടെ അവർ ബോണിൽ കെട്ടിടങ്ങൾ വാങ്ങുകയും അവരിൽ നിന്ന് വീട് സ്വീകരിച്ച യുവ വനിതാവിദ്യാർത്ഥികളെ പിന്തുണയ്ക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 2005 ൽ എർലോസർബണ്ട് അടച്ചുപൂട്ടി ഒരു ചാരിറ്റബിൾ ഫൗണ്ടേഷനായി പുനഃസംഘടിപ്പിച്ചു. എൽസ് മേയറുടെ പ്രത്യയശാസ്ത്രപരമായ പിൻഗാമികളായി യോഗ്യത നേടുന്നതായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്ന അപേക്ഷകർക്ക് എൽസ് മേയർ ഫൗണ്ടേഷൻ വാർഷിക അവാർഡായ എൽസ് മേയർ അവാർഡ് സമ്മാനിക്കുന്നു. 4000 യൂറോയാണ് അവാർഡ്. ജർമ്മൻ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ മന്ത്രി ആനെറ്റ് ഷാവനാണ് 2006 ൽ ഈ അവാർഡ് ഉദ്ഘാടനം ചെയ്തത്.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/Annette-Schavan-erste-Preistr%C3%A4gerin-article117055.html|title=Annette Schavan erste Preisträgerin|date=2006-12-20|work=General-Anzeiger Bonn|access-date=2017-05-22|language=de|trans-title=Annette Schavan first prize winner|archive-date=2019-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716183749/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/Annette-Schavan-erste-Preistr%C3%A4gerin-article117055.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>ജർമ്മൻ ഫെമിനിസ്റ്റ് [[Alice Schwarzer|ആലീസ് ഷ്വാർസറിന്]] 2007 ൽ അവാർഡ് ലഭിച്ചു. == അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} {{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1891-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1962-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] lb9sgeafy35sonl4owsp0l9jrwra1p7 0 542430 4644268 3970490 2026-07-07T19:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|L. V. Prasad Eye Institute}} {{Infobox hospital |Name=എൽ.വി. പ്രസാദ് ഐ ഇൻസ്റ്റിട്യൂട്ട് |Org/Group= സ്വകാര്യം |Country={{Ind}} |Founded=1987 }} 1987 ൽ സ്ഥാപിതമായ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://modernmedicare.co.in/2011/12/30/dr-gullapalli-n-rao-unwinding-the-reserved-and-rigorous/|title=Dr Gullapalli N Rao: Unwinding the reserved and rigorous|access-date=28 January 2012|last=Khan|first=Arshia|date=30 December 2011|publisher=ModernMedicare.co.in|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711032351/http://modernmedicare.co.in/2011/12/30/dr-gullapalli-n-rao-unwinding-the-reserved-and-rigorous/|archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയിലെ]] [[ഹൈദരാബാദ്]] ആസ്ഥാനമായ [[സന്നദ്ധ സംഘടനകൾ|ലാഭേഛയില്ലാതെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന]] സർക്കാർ-ഇതര നേത്ര സംരക്ഷണ സ്ഥാപനമാണ് '''എൽ.വി. പ്രസാദ് ഐ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് (LVPEI)'''. "സമൂഹത്തിലെ എല്ലാ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾക്കും തുല്യവും കാര്യക്ഷമവുമായ നേത്ര സംരക്ഷണം" നൽകുക എന്നതാണ് എൽ‌വി‌പി‌ഇ‌ഐയുടെ ദൌത്യം. [[ഗുല്ലപ്പള്ളി നാഗേശ്വര റാവു|ഡോ. ഗുല്ലപ്പള്ളി നാഗേശ്വര റാവുവാണ്]] സ്ഥാപനം സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്. അന്ധത തടയുന്നതിനായി [[ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന]]യുമായി (ഡബ്ല്യുഎച്ച്ഒ) സഹകരിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാണ് ഇത്.<ref name="BI">{{cite web |title=Hyderabad Doc Who Returned From US to Help the Blind Wins $3 Million Global Prize |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/244433/lv-prasad-eye-institute-blindness-greenberg-prize-outstanding-achievement-award-ophthalmologist-ros174/ |website=The Better India |date=9 ഡിസംബർ 2020}}</ref> നാഷണൽ അക്രഡിറ്റേഷൻ ബോർഡ് ഫോർ ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽസ് ആൻഡ് ഹെൽത്ത് കെയർ പ്രൊവൈഡേഴ്സ് (എൻഎബിഎച്ച്) അക്രഡിറ്റേഷൻ ലഭിച്ച ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ആദ്യത്തെ പ്രധാന നേത്ര സ്ഥാപനമാണ് എൽ‌വി‌പി‌ഇഐ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://eye.hms.harvard.edu/lvprasad|title=L V Prasad Eye Institute|access-date=2021-05-24|website=eye.hms.harvard.edu|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524001626/https://eye.hms.harvard.edu/lvprasad|url-status=dead}}</ref> ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന്റെ ഹൈദരാബാദിലെ കല്ലം അഞ്ജി റെഡ്ഡി കാമ്പസ്, [[ഭുവനേശ്വർ|ഭുവനേശ്വറിലെ]] ശ്രീ മിതു തുളസി ചാൻറായി കാമ്പസ്, [[വിശാഖപട്ടണം|വിശാഖപട്ടണത്തെ]] ജിഎംആർ വരലക്ഷ്മി കാമ്പസ് എന്നിവ എൻഎബിഎച്ച് അംഗീകാരമുള്ളവയാണ്. == തുടക്കം == പ്രസാദ് സ്റ്റുഡിയോസ് സ്ഥാപകനും മുതിർന്ന ഇന്ത്യൻ സംവിധായകനുമായ എൽ.വി. പ്രസാദ് കണ്ണ് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നതിനായി ബഞ്ചാര ഹിൽസിലെ 5 ഏക്കർ സ്ഥലവും 1 കോടി രൂപയും സംഭാവന നൽകി.<ref>{{Citation|last=ABN Telugu|title=Gullapalli Nageswara Rao About Sr NTR And LV Prasad Eye Institute {{!}} Open Heart With RK {{!}} ABN|date=2017-10-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8XP_kmmDwg&list=PLXdxJqbebahNLJlCvPtrtbr_SIiEhcRg6&t=360|access-date=2018-01-11}}</ref> ഈ സംഭാവനയ്ക്കുള്ള അംഗീകാരമായി ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് സ്ഥാപകൻ [[ഗുല്ലപ്പള്ളി നാഗേശ്വര റാവു]] ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന് എൽവി പ്രസാദ് ഐ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് എന്ന് പേരിട്ടു. == പ്രവർത്തനത്തിന്റെ സജീവ മേഖലകൾ == === ക്ലിനിക്കൽ സേവനങ്ങൾ === [[പ്രമാണം:Special_Needs_Vision_Clinic.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം| പ്രത്യേക ആവശ്യങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള വിഷൻ ക്ലിനിക്കിൽ ഒരു കുട്ടിക്ക് പരിചരണം ലഭിക്കുന്നു]] പരിചരണത്തിന്റെ സങ്കീർണ്ണത കണക്കിലെടുക്കാതെ, എൽ‌വി‌പി‌ഇ‌ഐ ഏകദേശം 23.8 ദശലക്ഷം ആളുകൾക്ക് സേവനം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, അതിൽ 50 ശതമാനവും പൂർണമായും സൌജന്യമാണ്.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lvpei.org/aboutus.php|title=About L V Prasad Eye Institute - LV Prasad Eye Institute|access-date=2018-01-11|website=L V Prasad Eye Institute|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042838/http://www.lvpei.org/aboutus.php|archive-date=12 January 2018}}</ref> സാറ്റലൈറ്റ് ക്ലിനിക്കുകളുടെയും ഗ്രാമീണ അനുബന്ധ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളുടെയും ശൃംഖല ഉപയോഗിച്ച് അവർ [[തെലങ്കാന]], [[ആന്ധ്രാപ്രദേശ്]], [[ഒഡീഷ]], [[കർണാടക]] എന്നീ നാല് സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലെ വിദൂര ഗ്രാമപ്രദേശങ്ങൾക്ക് സമഗ്ര നേത്ര സംരക്ഷണം നൽകുന്നു.<ref name=":1"/> കാഴ്ച വൈകല്യമുള്ളവർക്കായി പുനരധിവാസ സേവനങ്ങളും ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് വാഗ്ദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നുണ്ട്,<ref>{{cite news|title=Rehabilitating the blind|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2769250.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=2 January 2012}}</ref> വളർച്ചാ കാലതാമസവും വൈകല്യവുമുള്ള കുട്ടികൾക്ക് സമഗ്രമായ നേത്ര സംരക്ഷണം നൽകുന്നതിനായി 2018 ൽ 'സ്പെഷ്യൽ നീഡ്സ് വിഷൻ ക്ലിനിക്' ഉദ്ഘാടനം ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/special-needs-vision-clinic-for-children-at-lvpei/article25540627.ece|title=Special Needs Vision Clinic for children at LVPEI|work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref> === ഗവേഷണം === [[റെറ്റിന|റെറ്റിനയിലെ]] ജനിതക തകരാറുകൾ പരിഹരിക്കുന്നതിനായി ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് [[ജീൻ തെറാപ്പി|ജീൻ തെറാപ്പിയെക്കുറിച്ച്]] ഗവേഷണം നടത്തുന്നുണ്ടെന്നും കണ്ണിൽ ജീൻ വിതരണം 1-2 വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ സംഭവിക്കുമെന്നും 2012 ജൂൺ 1 ന് എൽവിപിഇഐ റിസർച്ച് ഹെഡ് പ്രൊഫ. ബാലസുബ്രമണ്യൻ പറഞ്ഞിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article3479636.ece|title=Research on gene therapy by Prasad Eye|date=1 June 2012}}</ref> === കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ === എൽവിപി‍ഇഐ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക്: <ref name=":0"/> * ഡോ. റെഡ്ഡി ലാബ്സിന്റെ സ്ഥാപകൻ കല്ലം അഞ്ജി റെഡ്ഡിയുടെ പേരിലാണ് ബഞ്ചാര ഹിൽസിലെ പ്രധാന കേന്ദ്രം ഉള്ളത്. * [[വിശാഖപട്ടണം]], [[ഭുവനേശ്വർ]], [[വിജയവാഡ]] എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 3 തൃതീയ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്. * 20 ദ്വിതീയ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ * 185 പ്രാഥമിക ശുശ്രൂഷാ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ ദ്വിതീയ, പ്രാഥമിക ശുശ്രൂഷാ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ രാജ്യത്തെ വിദൂര ഗ്രാമപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ മെഡിക്കൽ സൗകര്യങ്ങൾ ഒരുക്കുന്നു. === ഐ ബാങ്ക് === 2020 ലെ കണക്കനുസരിച്ച് എൽ‌വി‌പി‌ഇ ഐ ബാങ്ക് നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് പ്രതിവർഷം രണ്ടായിരത്തിലധികം കോർണിയ ട്രാൻസ്പ്ലാൻറ് ശസ്ത്രക്രിയകൾ നടത്തുന്നു.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/lvpei-eye-bank-distributed-40-per-cent-of-all-corneas-for-transplant-surgeries-last-year/article34029278.ece|title=LVPEI Eye Bank distributed 40 per cent of all corneas for transplant surgeries last year|access-date=2021-05-24|last=Bureau|first=Our|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref> 2020 ഡിസംബർ വരെ ശേഖരിച്ച മൊത്തം കോർണിയ 107,75 ആയിരുന്നു, 38,655 ൽ കൂടുതൽ കോർണിയ ട്രാൻസ്പ്ലാൻറ് ശസ്ത്രക്രിയകൾ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിൽ നടത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, ഇത് ലോകത്തെവിടെയും ആയി ഒരൊറ്റ സ്ഥാപനത്തിൽ നടത്തിയിട്ടുള്ള കോർണിയ മാറ്റിവെക്കലിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും ഉയർന്ന കണക്ക് ആയിരിക്കാം. ആർഐഇബി [[ഹൈദരാബാദ്]] കോർണിയ പ്രിസർവേഷൻ മീഡിയം സെന്റർ സ്ഥാപിച്ചു, അവിടെ ഒരു മക്കറി കോഫ്മാൻ (എംകെ) മീഡിയം ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saffron.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=5392&sectionid=13&z=y|title=RIEB of LV Prasad Eye Institute gets award from International Federation of Eye Banks|access-date=28 January 2012|publisher=saffron.pharmabiz.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714210522/http://saffron.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=5392&sectionid=13&z=y|archive-date=14 July 2012}}</ref> == അവാർഡുകളും അംഗീകാരങ്ങളും == * ഗ്രീൻബെർഗ് പ്രൈസ് - എൻഡ് ബ്ലൈൻഡ്നസ് 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lvpei-awarded-the-greenberg-prize-end-blindness-2020/article33286763.ece|title=LVPEI awarded ‘The Greenberg Prize – End Blindness 2020’|access-date=2021-05-24|last=Bureau|first=Our|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref> * സരോജിനി ത്രിലോക്നാഥ് നാഷണൽ അവാർഡ് 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/prestigious-award-for-lvpei|title=Prestigious award for LVPEI|access-date=2021-05-24|last=TelanganaToday|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref> == അവലംബം == {{reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:Coordinates on Wikidata]] bggh7rpusjyy17isnutnm6rqh1zj7e6 0 544374 4644219 4570367 2026-07-07T14:29:04Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = | image = Catherine Dulac.jpg | birth_date = 1963<ref name=CV>[http://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/membre/DulacC_bio0408.pdf]. academie-sciences.fr</ref> | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | alma_mater = [[യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ഓഫ് പാരീസ്]] | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = [[റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സൽ]] | doctoral_students = | known_for = Mammalian [[pheromone]]s | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | footnotes = }} ഒരു ഫ്രഞ്ച്-അമേരിക്കൻ ബയോളജിസ്റ്റാണ് '''കാതറിൻ ഡുലാക്ക്.'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/science-and-technology/20200914-harvard-scientist-catherine-dulac-awarded-for-work-on-parenting-instinct-mice|title=Harvard scientist Catherine Dulac awarded for work on parenting instinct|access-date=September 15, 2020|date=September 14, 2020|website=RFI|language=en}}</ref> 2007 മുതൽ 2013 വരെ ഡിപ്പാർട്ട്‌മെന്റ് ചെയർ ആയി സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ച ഹാർവാർഡ് യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റിയിലെ മോളിക്യുലർ ആന്റ് സെല്ലുലാർ ബയോളജിയിൽ ഹിഗ്ഗിൻസ് പ്രൊഫസറാണ്. ഹോവാർഡ് ഹ്യൂസ് മെഡിക്കൽ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിലെ ഇൻവെസ്റ്റിഗേറ്റർ കൂടിയാണ് അവർ. 1963 -ൽ ഫ്രാൻസിലാണ് അവർ ജനിച്ചത്. 1991 -ൽ പോസ്റ്റ്ഡോക്ടറൽ പഠനത്തിനായി അമേരിക്കയിൽ എത്തി. [[സസ്തനി|സസ്തനികളിലെ]] ഘ്രാണ സിഗ്നലിംഗിന്റെ തന്മാത്രാ ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തെക്കുറിച്ച്, പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് ഫെറോമോണുകൾ,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gitschier|first=J.|title=Vive La Différence: An Interview with Catherine Dulac|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002140|journal=PLOS Genetics|volume=7|issue=6|pages=e1002140|year=2011|pmid=21731502|pmc=3121755}}</ref>, ലൈംഗിക-നിർദ്ദിഷ്‌ട സ്വഭാവങ്ങളെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്ന ഡൗൺസ്ട്രീം ബ്രെയിൻ സർക്യൂട്ടുകൾ എന്നിവയെക്കുറിച്ച് ഡുലാക്ക് വിപുലമായ ഗവേഷണം നടത്തി. സിംഗിൾ [[നാഡീകോശം|ന്യൂറോണുകളിൽ]] നിന്നുള്ള സിഡി‌എൻ‌എ ലൈബ്രറികൾ സ്ക്രീനിംഗ് അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി ഒരു പുതിയ സ്ക്രീനിംഗ് തന്ത്രവും സിംഗിൾ ന്യൂറോണുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ജീനുകളെ ക്ലോൺ ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു പുതിയ രീതിയും അവർ വികസിപ്പിച്ചു. ഒരു പോസ്റ്റ്ഡോക് എന്ന നിലയിൽ, കൊളംബിയ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിലെ [[റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ|നോബൽ സമ്മാന ജേതാവ് റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സലിന്റെ]] ലബോറട്ടറിയിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ സസ്തനികളുടെ ഫെറോമോൺ റിസപ്റ്ററുകളുടെ ആദ്യ കുടുംബത്തെ ഡുലക് കണ്ടെത്തി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcb.harvard.edu/Faculty/faculty_profile.php?f=catherine-dulac|title=Catherine Dulac|access-date=June 15, 2011|publisher=Harvard University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615103303/http://www.mcb.harvard.edu/Faculty/faculty_profile.php?f=catherine-dulac|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> == ജീവചരിത്രം == [[ഫ്രാൻസ്|ഫ്രാൻസിലെ]] മോണ്ട്പെല്ലിയറിലാണ് ഡുലക് വളർന്നത്, പാരീസിലെ എകോൾ നോർമൽ സൂപ്പർറിയൂർ ഡി ലാ റൂം ഉൽമിൽ നിന്ന് ബിരുദം നേടി പിഎച്ച്ഡി നേടി. 1991 -ൽ [[യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ഓഫ് പാരീസ്|പാരീസ് സർവകലാശാലയിൽ]] നിന്ന് വികസന ബയോളജിയിൽ നിക്കോൾ ലെ ഡുവാരിനൊപ്പം പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു, [[കൊളംബിയ സർവ്വകലാശാല|കൊളംബിയ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ]] [[റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സെൽ|റിച്ചാർഡ് ആക്സലിനൊപ്പം]] പോസ്റ്റ്ഡോക് പഠനങ്ങൾ നടത്തി, അവിടെ സസ്തനികളുടെ ഫെറോമോൺ റിസപ്റ്ററുകൾ എൻകോഡുചെയ്യുന്ന ആദ്യത്തെ ജീനുകൾ തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞു. [[ഹാർവാർഡ് സർവകലാശാല|1996 -ൽ ഹാർവാർഡ്]] മോളിക്യുലർ ആന്റ് സെൽ ബയോളജി ഫാക്കൽറ്റിയിൽ ചേർന്നു.<ref name="HarvardMag-2005">[http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/09/catherine-dulac.html "Harvard Portrait: Catherine Dulac"], ''Harvard Magazine'', Sept. – Oct. 2005.</ref> 2000 -ൽ അസോസിയേറ്റ് പ്രൊഫസറായും 2001 ൽ ഫുൾ പ്രൊഫസറായും സ്ഥാനക്കയറ്റം ലഭിച്ചു. അവർ ഇപ്പോൾ ഒരു ഇൻവെസ്റ്റിഗേറ്റർ ആണ് ഹോവാർഡ് ഹ്യൂഗ്സ് മെഡിക്കൽ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ആൻഡ് മോളിക്യുലാർ, 2013 വരെ സെല്ലുലാർ ബയോളജി ഹാർവാർഡ് ന്റെ വകുപ്പിന്റെ ചെയർ ആയിരുന്നു. ബിഹേവിയറിന്റെ മോളിക്യുലർ ബേസിസ്, മോളിക്യുലർ ആൻഡ് സെല്ലുലാർ ബയോളജി ഓഫ് സെൻസസ് ആന്റ് ദെയർ ഡിസോർഡേഴ്സ്, മോളിക്യുലർ ആന്റ് ഡെവലപ്‌മെന്റൽ ബയോളജി ന്യൂറോബയോളജി എന്നിവയുൾപ്പെടെ മൂന്ന് ബിരുദതല കോഴ്‌സ് അവർ പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. == പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങൾ == === ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ പേപ്പറുകൾ === * {{Cite journal|last=Wu|publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC|pmc=4105201|pmid=24828191|pages=325–330|doi=10.1038/nature13307|issn=0028-0836|year=2014|issue=7500|volume=509|journal=Nature|first=Zheng|title=Galanin neurons in the medial preoptic area govern parental behaviour|first5=Catherine G.|last5=Dulac|first4=Mitsuko|last4=Watabe-Uchida|first3=Joseph F.|last3=Bergan|first2=Anita E.|last2=Autry|bibcode=2014Natur.509..325W}} * {{Cite journal|last=Bergan|first=Joseph F|last2=Ben-Shaul|first2=Yoram|last3=Dulac|first3=Catherine|title=Sex-specific processing of social cues in the medial amygdala|journal=eLife|publisher=eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd|volume=3|date=June 3, 2014|pages=e02743|issn=2050-084X|doi=10.7554/elife.02743|pmid=24894465|pmc=4038839}} * {{Cite journal|last=Gregg|publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)|pmc=2997643|pmid=20616234|pages=682–685|doi=10.1126/science.1190831|issn=0036-8075|date=July 8, 2010|issue=5992|volume=329|journal=Science|first=C.|title=Sex-Specific Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in the Mouse Brain|first5=C.|last5=Dulac|first4=D.|last4=Haig|first3=J. E.|last3=Butler|first2=J.|last2=Zhang|bibcode=2010Sci...329..682G}} * {{Cite journal|last=Kimchi|volume=448|pmid=17676034|pages=1009–1014|doi=10.1038/nature06089|issn=0028-0836|year=2007|issue=7157|publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC|first=Tali|journal=Nature|title=A functional circuit underlying male sexual behaviour in the female mouse brain|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2007-08-30_448_7157/page/1008|first3=Catherine|last3=Dulac|first2=Jennings|last2=Xu|bibcode=2007Natur.448.1009K}} * {{Cite journal|last=Tietjen|title=Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis of Neuronal Progenitors|pages=161–175|doi=10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00229-0|issn=0896-6273|year=2003|issue=2|volume=38|publisher=Elsevier BV|journal=Neuron|first6=Catherine|first=Ian|last6=Dulac|first5=Lisa|last5=Zakhary|first4=Georgy|last4=Koentges|first3=Yanxiang|last3=Cao|first2=Jason M.|last2=Rihel|pmid=12718852}} * {{Cite journal|last=Pantages|first=Erica|last2=Dulac|first2=Catherine|title=A Novel Family of Candidate Pheromone Receptors in Mammals|journal=Neuron|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=28|issue=3|year=2000|issn=0896-6273|doi=10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00157-4|pages=835–845|pmid=11163270}} * {{Cite journal|last=Liman|issue=10|pmc=21939|pmid=10318963|pages=5791–5796|doi=10.1073/pnas.96.10.5791|issn=0027-8424|date=May 11, 1999|volume=96|first=E. R.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|title=TRP2: A candidate transduction channel for mammalian pheromone sensory signaling|first3=C.|last3=Dulac|first2=D. P.|last2=Corey|bibcode=1999PNAS...96.5791L}} * {{Cite journal|last=Belluscio|publisher=Elsevier BV|pages=209–220|doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80731-x|issn=0092-8674|year=1999|issue=2|volume=97|journal=Cell|first=Leonardo|title=A Map of Pheromone Receptor Activation in the Mammalian Brain|first4=Catherine|last4=Dulac|first3=Richard|last3=Axel|first2=Georgy|last2=Koentges|pmid=10219242}} * {{Cite journal|last=Dulac|first=Catherine|last2=Axel|first2=Richard|title=A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals|journal=Cell|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=83|issue=2|year=1995|issn=0092-8674|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(95)90161-2|pages=195–206|pmid=7585937}} === മറ്റുള്ളവ === * {{Cite journal|last=Dulac|first=Catherine|title=Sex and the Single Splice|journal=Cell|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=121|issue=5|year=2005|issn=0092-8674|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.017|pages=664–666|pmid=15935752}} * {{Cite journal|title=Sensory systems|journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=14|issue=4|year=2004|issn=0959-4388|doi=10.1016/j.conb.2004.07.010|pages=403–406}} * {{Cite journal|last=Dulac|first=Catherine|last2=Torello|first2=A. Thomas|title=Molecular detection of pheromone signals in mammals: from genes to behaviour|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC|volume=4|issue=7|year=2003|issn=1471-003X|doi=10.1038/nrn1140|pages=551–562|pmid=12838330}} * {{Cite journal|last=Dulac|first=Catherine|title=The Physiology of Taste, Vintage 2000|journal=Cell|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=100|issue=6|year=2000|issn=0092-8674|doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80697-2|pages=607–610|pmid=10761926}} == അവാർഡുകളും ബഹുമതികളും == * 1998 സിയർ സ്കോളർ * 2004 അംഗം, അമേരിക്കൻ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് ആർട്സ് ആൻഡ് സയൻസസ് <ref name="MCBNews">Hastings, J. W. (May 12, 2004) [https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/mcb/news/news-detail/3310/catherine-dulac-elected-to-membership-in-the-american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences/ "Catherine Dulac Elected to Membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115200224/https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/mcb/news/news-detail/3310/catherine-dulac-elected-to-membership-in-the-american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences/ |date=2016-11-15 }}, Harvard University MCB News.</ref> * 2006 റിച്ചാർഡ് ലോൺസ്‌ബെറി അവാർഡ് * 2007 അംഗം, ഫ്രഞ്ച് അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസ് * [[നാഷണൽ അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസ്|നാഷണൽ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് സയൻസസിന്റെ]] 2015 പ്രാഡൽ റിസർച്ച് അവാർഡ് * മക്ഗൊവർൺ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ടിന്റെ 2017 സ്കോൾനിക് സമ്മാനം * ന്യൂറോ സയൻസിലെ 2019 റാൽഫ് ഡബ്ല്യു. ജെറാർഡ് സമ്മാനം <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/education/dulac-receives-award-society-neuroscience/|title=Dulac Receives Award from Society for Neuroscience|access-date=September 10, 2020|date=October 19, 2019|website=Harvard University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021 ലൈഫ് സയൻസിലെ ബ്രേക്ക്‌ത്രൂ സമ്മാനം <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2020/09/10/2021-breakthrough-prize-winners-announced-researcher-who-developed-protein-design-technology-awarded-3-million/|title=2021 Breakthrough Prize Winners Announced: Researcher Who Developed Protein Design Technology Awarded $3 Million|access-date=September 10, 2020|last=Knapp|first=Alex|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> 2019 ൽ അമേരിക്കൻ ഫിലോസഫിക്കൽ സൊസൈറ്റി അംഗമായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/announcement/catherine-dulac-elected-american-philosophical-society/|title=Catherine Dulac Elected to American Philosophical Society|access-date=September 10, 2020|date=June 13, 2019|website=Harvard University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology|language=en-US}}</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== {{Commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928150741/http://www.techtransfer.harvard.edu/crop/investigators/investigator.php?id=111 Research Summary & Profile], Harvard University *[http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/dulac.html HHMI profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511215739/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/dulac.html |date=2013-05-11 }} *[http://www.hhmi.org/news/dulac.html "Pheromones Control Gender Recognition in Mice"], January 31, 2002 (HHMI Research News) *[http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/09/catherine-dulac.html "Harvard Portrait: Catherine Dulac"], *"Making the Paper: Catherine Dulac", ''Nature'', v.448 (August 30, 2007). *[https://www.ibiology.org/neuroscience/pheromone/ Catherine Dulac Seminars]{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഡിസംബർ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Breakthrough Prize laureates}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ന്യൂറോ ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിലെ നാഷണൽ അക്കാദമി ഓഫ് സയൻസ് അംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഹാർവാർഡ് സർവകലാശാലാ അദ്ധ്യാപകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1963-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] le6zgdoe3w4xdcaxq3fnhk9bieqbis7 0 546137 4644390 4091050 2026-07-08T10:02:22Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|51.5|0}}Early [[Eocene]] ([[Ypresian]]) - [[Holocene|Present]]<ref name=Mustoe>{{cite journal |last1=Mustoe |first1=G.E. |year=2002 |title=Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest |journal= Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=80 |pages=1078–1087 |doi= 10.1139/b02-097 |issue=10}}</ref> | image = GINKGOBAUM-2.jpg | image_caption = Mature tree | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn" /> | genus = Ginkgo | species = biloba | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | synonyms = {{Specieslist |Ginkgo macrophylla|K.Koch |Pterophyllus salisburiensis|J.Nelson, nom. illeg. |Salisburia adiantifolia|Sm., nom. illeg. |Salisburia biloba|(L.) Hoffmanns. |Salisburia ginkgo|Rich., nom. illeg. |Salisburia macrophylla|Reyn. }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WCSP_334053">{{citation |title=Ginkgo biloba |work=[[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=334053 |access-date=8 June 2017 |archive-date=2012-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919144705/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=334053 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} [[ചൈന]]യിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഒരു [[endemism|തദ്ദേശ]]വൃക്ഷമാണ് '''''ജിൻകോ ബൈലൊബ (Ginkgo biloba)'''''. 29 കോടി വർഷങ്ങൾക്ക് മുമ്പ് ഭൂമിയിൽ ആദ്യമായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ട [[Ginkgoales|ജിൻകോയേൽസ്]] എന്ന [[നിര|വർഗീകരണക്രമത്തിൽ]] വരുന്ന, ഇന്നും കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരേയൊരു [[Species|സ്പീഷിസാണിത്]]. '''''[[Ginkgo |ജിൻകോ]]''''' [[ജനുസ്|ജനുസ്സിൽ]]പ്പെടുന്ന ജീവജാലങ്ങളുമായി സാമ്യമുള്ള [[ജീവാശ്മം|ഫോസിലുകൾ]] ഏകദേശം 17 കോടി വർഷങ്ങൾക്ക് മുമ്പ് [[Middle Jurassic|മധ്യജുറാസിക് കാലഘട്ടം]] വരെ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="iucn">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/32353/9700472|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-10-24|date=January 1998|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref> ഇന്ന് ഈ വൃക്ഷം വ്യാപകമായി നട്ടുവളർത്തുന്നുണ്ടെന്നു മാത്രമല്ല [[ലോകചരിത്രം|മനുഷ്യ ചരിത്രത്തിന്റെ]] തുടക്കത്തിൽ തന്നെ ഇത് വളർത്തിവന്നിരുന്നു. ജിങ്കോ ഇല സത്ത് സാധാരണയായി ഒരു ഭക്ഷണ പദാർത്ഥമായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ഇത് മനുഷ്യന്റെ ആരോഗ്യത്തെ പിന്തുണയ്ക്കുന്നതിനോ ഏതെങ്കിലും രോഗത്തിനെതിരെ ഫലപ്രദമാണെന്നോ ശാസ്ത്രീയ തെളിവുകളൊന്നുമില്ല.<ref name="nccih">{{cite web |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginkgo |date=1 August 2020 |title=Ginkgo |publisher=National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="drugs">{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/npp/ginkgo-biloba.html |title=Ginkgo biloba |publisher=Drugs.com |date=10 December 2020 |accessdate=27 May 2021}}</ref> == പദോൽപ്പത്തി == ജിൻക്യോ എന്ന ജാപ്പനീസ് പദത്തിൽ നിന്നും ഒരു അക്ഷര പിശക് മൂലം ഉണ്ടായ വാക്കാണ്‌ എന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name="Coom94">{{Citation|last=Coombes|first=Allen J.|title=Dictionary of Plant Names|year=1994|place=London|publisher=Hamlyn Books|isbn=978-0-600-58187-1}}</ref> == വിവരണം == [[പ്രമാണം:Ginkgo_biloba_JPG1a.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം| ജിൻകോ ബൈലോബ [[ബെൽജിയം|ബെൽജിയത്തിലെ ടൂർനായിയിൽ നിന്നും]] ]] സാധാരണയായി {{Convert|20|–|35|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} വളരുന്ന വലിയ മരങ്ങളാണ് ജിൻകോ. ചൈനയിലെ ചില മരങ്ങൾ {{Convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} വരെ വളരാറുണ്ട്. ജിൻകോ വൃക്ഷത്തിന് ഒരു കോണീയ ഇലചാർത്തും, നീളമേറിയതും ഏതാണ്ട് പല ഭാഗങ്ങളിലേക്ക് പോകുന്നതുമായ ശാഖകളുമുണ്ട്, ഇത് സാധാരണയായി ആഴത്തിൽ വേരൂന്നിയതും കാറ്റിനെയും മഞ്ഞുവീഴ്ചയെയും പ്രതിരോധിക്കുന്നതുമാണ്. ഇളം മരങ്ങൾ പലപ്പോഴും ഉയരമുള്ളതും നേർത്തതുമാണ്. പ്രായമാകുമ്പോൾ ഇലചാർത്ത് വിശാലമാകും. ശരത്കാല സമയത്ത്, ഇലകൾ മഞ്ഞനിറമാവുകയും പിന്നീട് ചിലപ്പോൾ വളരെ ചുരുങ്ങിയ സമയത്തിനുള്ളിൽ തന്നെ (ഒന്ന് മുതൽ 15 വരെ &nbsp;ദിവസങ്ങളിൽ) വീഴുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു . രോഗത്തിനെതിരായ പ്രതിരോധം, പ്രാണികളെ പ്രതിരോധിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള കഴിവ്, ആകാശ വേരുകളും മുളകളും രൂപപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള കഴിവ് എന്നിവ ജിൻങ്കോ മരങ്ങൾക്ക് ദീർഘകാലം ആയുസ്സ് നൽകുന്നു. ചില മരങ്ങൾക്ക് 2,500 ൽ കൂടുതൽ വർഷം പ്രായം ഉണ്ടെന്നു കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു. [[പ്രമാണം:Ginkgo_Biloba_Leaves_-_Black_Background.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം| ഗ്രീഷ്മ കാലത്ത് കാണുന്ന ജിൻകോയുടെ തളിരിലകൾ ]] [[പ്രമാണം:GinkgoLeaves.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം| [[ശരത്കാലം|ശരത്കാലത്തിൽ]] കാണുന്ന ''ജിങ്കോ'' യുടെ പഴുത്ത മഞ്ഞയിലകൾ.]] ==അവലംബം== {{RL}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാൾ ലിനേയസ് നാമകരണം ചെയ്തവ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഭക്ഷ്യയോഗ്യമായ സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചൈനയിലെ മരങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ബോൺസായ് ആയി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:പരമ്പരാഗത ചൈനീസ് വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആയുർവേദത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഏഷ്യയിലെ ഔഷധസസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഏഷ്യയിലെ ഉദ്യാന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ചൈനയിലെ വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:Articles containing Japanese language text]] hm2wdp0v98i7sq1gh85rajb1xmvfmpe 0 554409 4644228 4590588 2026-07-07T15:29:41Z ToadetteEdit 182852 /* */ 4644228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[കൊല്ലം ജില്ല|കൊല്ലം]] ജില്ലയിൽ [[കൊട്ടാരക്കര]] താലൂക്കിൽ കൊട്ടാരക്കര പട്ടണത്തിൽ നിന്നും 17കിലോമീറ്റർ മാറി സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഒരു ചെറു ഗ്രാമം ആണ് '''നെടുമൺകാവ്'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?channel=fs&client=ubuntu&q=nedumankavu|title=nedumankavu - Google Search|access-date=2021-09-17}}</ref> കൊല്ലം (17 കിലോമീറ്റർ), ആയൂർ (16 കി.മി), മീയണ്ണൂർ (3 കി.മി) കരീപ്ര (പഞ്ചായത്ത് ആസ്ഥാനം- 6 കി.മി), കുണ്ടറ (10 കി.മി) എന്നിവടങ്ങളിലേക്ക് ഇവിടെ നിന്നും യാത്രാസൗകര്യം ഉണ്ട്. ശ്രീധർമശാസ്താ ക്ഷേത്രം , തിരു: ഈയ്യല്ലൂർ ശ്രീമഹാവിഷ്ണു ക്ഷേത്രം, പരമ്പര മൂർത്തി ക്ഷേത്രം, വീരഭദ്ര ക്ഷേത്രം എന്നിവ പ്രധാന ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങളാണ് .ഇത്തിക്കര ആറിന്റ കയ്യ് വഴി ഇവിടെക്കൂടി ഒഴുകുന്നു. ഇവിടുത്തെ ക്ഷേത്രത്തിലെ ഉത്രം തിരുനാൾ ഉത്സവവും കെട്ട് കാഴ്ചയും പ്രസിദ്ധമാണ്. കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടിക്ക് ശക്തമായ സ്വാധീനം ഉള്ള പ്രദേശം ആണ് നെടുമൺകാവ്. തിരു: ഈയ്യല്ലൂർ ശ്രീ മഹാവിഷ്ണു ക്ഷേത്രത്തിൽ തിരു: ഉത്സവം മകര മാസത്തിലെ രോഹിണി നാളിൽ ആണ്. ഇവിടെ ചിങ്ങ മാസത്തിൽ ശ്രീമദ് ഭാഗവത സപ്താഹ യജ്ഞം നടന്നു വരുന്നു, മകര മാസത്തിൽ ഉത്സവത്തോടൊപ്പം ദശാവതാര ചാർത്തും നടത്തി വരുന്നു. സന്താന സൗഭാഗ്യ ദായകനായ ശ്രീ മഹാവിഷ്ണു ഭഗവാൻ ബാല-പൂർണ്ണ രൂപങ്ങളുടെ സമന്വയ ഭാവത്തിൽ തൃക്കൈയിൽ വെണ്ണയേന്തി പടിഞ്ഞാറ് ദർശനമായി കുടികൊള്ളുന്ന ഈ ക്ഷേത്രം തെക്കൻ കേരളത്തിലെ മഹാവിഷ്ണു ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങളിൽ അത്യപൂർവമാണ്. ക്ഷേത്രത്തിൽ ഗോശാലയിൽ പൈക്കൾ ഓടി കളിക്കുന്നത് നയന മനോഹരമായ കാഴ്ചയാണ്.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/share/g/1BPqjQRuDX/?mibextid=wwXIfr</ref> == അവലംബം == {{RL}} {{കൊല്ലം ജില്ല}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കൊല്ലം ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമങ്ങൾ]] dtx9dmgmqy8rt0e2lkkjk726k9cnutn 0 573904 4644327 4619207 2026-07-08T07:18:53Z Muruatwiki 216498 add website 4644327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = രാജ്ഭവൻ,തിരുവനന്തപുരം<br/> കേരളം | logo = | image = | caption = കേരള രാജ്ഭവന്റെ ഭാഗം | map_type = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|8.5156|76.9632|display=inline,title}} | location = [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[ഇന്ത്യ]] | architect = ട്രാവൻകൂർ റോയൽ മരാമത്ത് | floor_area = 22,000 ചതുരശ്ര അടി (2,000 മീ²) | client = കേരള ഗവർണർ | engineer = | start_date = | completion_date = | date_demolished = | cost = | structural_system = | architectural_style = പരമ്പരാഗത കേരള ആർക്കിടെക്ചറൽ സ്റ്റൈൽ | size = | website = https://lokbhavan.kerala.gov.in/ }} കേരള ഗവർണറുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വസതിയാണ് '''കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ (Kerala Raj Bhavan)''' ഇപ്പോൾ '''ലോക് ഭവൻ (Lok Bhavan)''' എന്ന് പുനർനാമകരണം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. - ലോക് ഭവൻ ( പരിഭാഷ : ജനങ്ങളുടെ വീട് - പീപ്പിൾസ് ''ഹൗസ്'' ). [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] തലസ്ഥാന നഗരമായ [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം|തിരുവനന്തപുരത്താണ്]] ഇത് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. 1829-ൽ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ഗവൺമെന്റ് അതിഥിയുടെ പാലസ് ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായി പണികഴിപ്പിച്ച ഈ പൈതൃക നിർമിതിയിൽ, ഇന്നത്തെ കേരള ഗവർണർ രാജേന്ദ്ര അർലേക്കർ ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിക്കുന്നു. == ചരിത്രം == തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത് ഔദ്യോഗിക സന്ദർശനവേളയിൽ സംസ്ഥാന അതിഥികൾക്കും രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻമാർക്കും താമസിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള അതിഥി കൊട്ടാരമായി തിരുവിതാംകൂർ റോയൽ ഗവൺമെന്റ് ആദ്യം നിർമ്മിച്ചതാണ് കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ. 1914 മുതൽ 1918 വരെ, ഈ കൊട്ടാരം ഒന്നാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധസമയത്ത് തിരുവിതാംകൂർ സൈന്യത്തിന്റെയും സംസ്ഥാന സായുധ സേനയുടെയും യുദ്ധ ഓഫീസായും ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നു. ഈ കാലയളവിൽ, തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ആർമിയുടെ ജനറൽ ചീഫ് ഓഫ് സ്റ്റാഫിന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വസതി കൂടിയായിരുന്നു ഈ കൊട്ടാരം. 1919 മുതൽ 1937 വരെയുള്ള ഹ്രസ്വകാലത്തേക്ക്, തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജാസിന്റെ രാജകീയ വസതിയായ കവടിയാർ കൊട്ടാരം കമ്മീഷൻ ചെയ്തതിനുശേഷം കൊട്ടാരം വീണ്ടും അതിഥി കൊട്ടാരമായി മാറ്റി. 1937 മുതൽ ഈ കെട്ടിടം തിരുവിതാംകൂർ സർവകലാശാലയുടെ ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായി മാറിവിവിധ വിദേശ ഫാക്കൽറ്റികളും ഗസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഫസർമാരും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. 1957-ൽ കേരളം രൂപീകരിക്കുമ്പോൾ, എറണാകുളത്തെ ബോൾഗാട്ടി കൊട്ടാരം, മൂന്നാറിലെ ദേവികുളം കൊട്ടാരം (തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജാസിന്റെ വേനൽക്കാല കൊട്ടാരം), തിരുവനന്തപുരം രാജ്ഭവൻ എന്നിങ്ങനെ മൂന്ന് രാജ്ഭവൻ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ബോൾഗാട്ടി പാലസ് പൈതൃക ഹോട്ടലായും, ദേവികുളം പാലസ് ഗവൺമെന്റ് ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായും മാറ്റി. മുൻ രണ്ട് രാജ്ഭവനുകൾ ഇല്ലാതാക്കാൻ കേരള സർക്കാർ പിന്നീട് തീരുമാനിച്ചു. == കോംപ്ലക്സും കെട്ടിടവും == കേരളീയ പരമ്പരാഗത ശൈലിയിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച രാജ്ഭവന്റെ പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടത്തിന് ചില വാസ്തുവിദ്യാ സവിശേഷതകളുണ്ട്. കാറ്റുള്ള കുന്നിൻ മുകളിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഇതിന് ചുറ്റും പരന്നുകിടക്കുന്ന പുൽമേടുകൾ, വെൽവെറ്റ് പുൽത്തകിടികൾ, ആന്തൂറിയം, ഓർക്കിഡ് തുടങ്ങിയ നിരവധി ഇനങ്ങളുള്ള ഹരിതഗൃഹങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്. പ്രധാന പുൽത്തകിടിയുടെ മധ്യഭാഗത്ത് ഗവർണറുടെ ഓഫീസ് മുറിക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി മനോഹരമായ ഒരു ജലധാരയും ഉണ്ട്. 3 പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടങ്ങളുണ്ട്. പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടം ഏറ്റവും പഴക്കമേറിയതും പൈതൃക സമുച്ചയവുമാണ്. 22,000 ചതുരശ്ര അടി വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള പ്രധാന ഘടനയിൽ 3 വലിയ ഹാളുകൾ, ഒരു സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ബാങ്ക്വറ്റ് ഹാൾ, കോൺഫറൻസ് ഹാൾ, ഗവർണറുടെ ഓഫീസ്, ഗവർണറുടെ സെക്രട്ടേറിയറ്റ്, ഡിപ്പാർട്ട്മെന്റ് ഓഫീസുകൾ, കോൺഫറൻസ് റൂം, ഒരു വലിയ ലൈബ്രറി എന്നിവയുണ്ട്'''.''' ഈസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ഗവർണറുടെ സ്വകാര്യ വസതിയിൽ 18 സ്യൂട്ടുകളും സ്വകാര്യ ഡൈനിംഗ് റൂമും അടുക്കളയും കൂടാതെ പേഴ്‌സണൽ സ്റ്റാഫിന് മുറികളും ഉണ്ട്. വെസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ചീഫ് ഓഫീസർമാരുടെ വസതികൾ, അതിഥി മുറികൾ, ഒരു മിനി മ്യൂസിയം എന്നിവയുണ്ട്. വെസ്റ്റ് വിങ്ങിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന '''ചിത്ര തിരുനാൾ ഹാൾ''' എല്ലാ സംസ്ഥാന ചടങ്ങുകൾക്കും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. രാജ്ഭവനിൽ പുതുവത്സരാഘോഷങ്ങളും ഓണം, പൊങ്കൽ, തുടങ്ങിയ ആഘോഷങ്ങളും നടക്കുന്ന വെസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ഒരു ബോൾ റൂം നിലവിലുണ്ട്. === ലോക് ഭവൻ ലൈബ്രറി === ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മറ്റ് രാജ്ഭവനുകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഏറ്റവും വലിയ സ്വകാര്യ പുസ്തകശേഖരങ്ങളിലൊന്നാണ് കേരള രാജ്ഭവനുള്ളത്. രസകരമായ വിഷയങ്ങളിലുള്ള ആറായിരത്തോളം പുസ്തകങ്ങളുടെ നല്ലൊരു ലൈബ്രറി രാജ്ഭവനിലുണ്ട്. പബ്ലിക് റിലേഷൻസ് വിഭാഗത്തിനാണ് ലൈബ്രറിയുടെ ചുമതല. പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ സൂചികയിലാക്കി അലമാരയിൽ ഭംഗിയായി പ്രദർശിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. === ബാഹ്യഭാഗങ്ങൾ === 3.24 ഹെക്ടർ വിസ്തൃതിയുള്ള രാജ്ഭവൻ ഗാർഡൻസ് സന്ദർശകരെ ആകർഷിക്കുന്ന കേന്ദ്രമാണ്. വെട്ടിമാറ്റിയ പുല്ല് പുൽത്തകിടിക്ക് പച്ച പരവതാനി വിരിച്ചു, കൃത്രിമ വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം, മൂന്ന് ഹരിതഗൃഹങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ പൂന്തോട്ടത്തിന്റെ മനോഹാരിത വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഡെൻഡ്രോബിയം, അരണ്ട, കാറ്റ്‌ലിയ, അരാക്‌നിസ്, മൊയ്‌കാര, വാണ്ട, ഡോവ് ഓർക്കിഡ് എന്നിവ ഇതിനെ മനോഹരമാക്കുന്നു. റോസ്, ബിഗോണിയ എന്നിവയുടെ നല്ല ശേഖരവും അവിടെയുണ്ട്. തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ ശുചീന്ദ്രത്തിനടുത്തുള്ള മയിലാടിയിൽ നിന്ന് കൊണ്ടുവന്ന് ഉചിതമായ സ്ഥലങ്ങളിൽ സ്ഥാപിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന മനോഹരമായ പ്രതിമകൾ കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ ഗാർഡന്റെ മനോഹാരിത വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ചിൽഡ്രൻസ് പാർക്ക്, ടെന്നീസ് കോർട്ട്, ഷട്ടിൽ കോർട്ട് എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് പുറമെ രാജകീയ ശൈലിയിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച ആകർഷകമായ രണ്ട് ബാൻഡ് സ്റ്റാൻഡുകളും ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്. സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യദിനത്തിലും റിപ്പബ്ലിക് ദിനങ്ങളിലും പുൽത്തകിടിയിൽ വാർഷിക ''അറ്റ് ഹോം ചടങ്ങുകൾ നടക്കുന്നു.'' === മറ്റ് ഘടനകൾ === കേരള രാജ്ഭവനിലെ ഓഫീസർമാർക്കും ജീവനക്കാർക്കുമുള്ള 71 ക്വാർട്ടേഴ്‌സ് (എഡിസിയുടെ ക്വാർട്ടേഴ്‌സ് രാജ്ഭവൻ - കവടിയാർ റോഡിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്), രാജ്ഭവൻ ഡിസ്പെൻസറി, ഇലക്ട്രിക്കൽ വിംഗിന്റെ ഓഫീസ്, രാജ്ഭവൻ എംപ്ലോയീസ് കോ-ഓപ്പറേറ്റീവ് സൊസൈറ്റി എന്നിവയും കാമ്പസിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. രാജ്ഭവന് മാത്രമായി "ദി കേരള ഗവർണേഴ്‌സ് ക്യാമ്പ് പോസ്റ്റ് ഓഫീസ്" എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു തപാൽ ഓഫീസ് ഉണ്ട്. അവിടെ സ്പീഡ് പോസ്റ്റും ടെലിഗ്രാമുകളും അയക്കാനുള്ള സൗകര്യവുമുണ്ട്. 40 സുരക്ഷാ ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥരും 20 സ്പെഷ്യൽ ബ്രാഞ്ച് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥരും അടങ്ങുന്ന ഒരു സെക്യൂരിറ്റി ഓഫീസും ഉണ്ട്. [[വർഗ്ഗം:തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ കെട്ടിടങ്ങളും നിർമ്മിതികളും]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഗവർണ്ണർമാർ]] kk7gwb0mzh4km33gk10j686reh6w8pd 4644330 4644327 2026-07-08T07:35:28Z Muruatwiki 216498 4644330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = രാജ്ഭവൻ,തിരുവനന്തപുരം<br/> കേരളം | logo = | image = | caption = കേരള രാജ്ഭവന്റെ ഭാഗം | map_type = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|8.5156|76.9632|display=inline,title}} | location = [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം]], [[ഇന്ത്യ]] | architect = ട്രാവൻകൂർ റോയൽ മരാമത്ത് | floor_area = 22,000 ചതുരശ്ര അടി (2,000 മീ²) | client = കേരള ഗവർണർ | engineer = | start_date = | completion_date = | date_demolished = | cost = | structural_system = | architectural_style = പരമ്പരാഗത കേരള ആർക്കിടെക്ചറൽ സ്റ്റൈൽ | size = | website = https://lokbhavan.kerala.gov.in/ }} കേരള ഗവർണറുടെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വസതിയാണ് '''കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ (Kerala Raj Bhavan)''' ഇപ്പോൾ '''ലോക് ഭവൻ (Lok Bhavan)''' എന്ന് പുനർനാമകരണം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. - ലോക് ഭവൻ ( പരിഭാഷ : ജനങ്ങളുടെ വീട് - പീപ്പിൾസ് ''ഹൗസ്'' ). [[കേരളം|കേരളത്തിലെ]] തലസ്ഥാന നഗരമായ [[തിരുവനന്തപുരം|തിരുവനന്തപുരത്താണ്]] ഇത് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. 1829-ൽ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ഗവൺമെന്റ് അതിഥിയുടെ പാലസ് ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായി പണികഴിപ്പിച്ച ഈ പൈതൃക നിർമിതിയിൽ, ഇന്നത്തെ കേരള ഗവർണർ രാജേന്ദ്ര അർലേക്കർ ആതിഥേയത്വം വഹിക്കുന്നു. == ചരിത്രം == തിരുവനന്തപുരത്ത് ഔദ്യോഗിക സന്ദർശനവേളയിൽ സംസ്ഥാന അതിഥികൾക്കും രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻമാർക്കും താമസിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള അതിഥി കൊട്ടാരമായി തിരുവിതാംകൂർ റോയൽ ഗവൺമെന്റ് ആദ്യം നിർമ്മിച്ചതാണ് കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ. 1914 മുതൽ 1918 വരെ, ഈ കൊട്ടാരം ഒന്നാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധസമയത്ത് തിരുവിതാംകൂർ സൈന്യത്തിന്റെയും സംസ്ഥാന സായുധ സേനയുടെയും യുദ്ധ ഓഫീസായും ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നു. ഈ കാലയളവിൽ, തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ആർമിയുടെ ജനറൽ ചീഫ് ഓഫ് സ്റ്റാഫിന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക വസതി കൂടിയായിരുന്നു ഈ കൊട്ടാരം. 1919 മുതൽ 1937 വരെയുള്ള ഹ്രസ്വകാലത്തേക്ക്, തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജാസിന്റെ രാജകീയ വസതിയായ കവടിയാർ കൊട്ടാരം കമ്മീഷൻ ചെയ്തതിനുശേഷം കൊട്ടാരം വീണ്ടും അതിഥി കൊട്ടാരമായി മാറ്റി. 1937 മുതൽ ഈ കെട്ടിടം തിരുവിതാംകൂർ സർവകലാശാലയുടെ ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായി മാറിവിവിധ വിദേശ ഫാക്കൽറ്റികളും ഗസ്റ്റ് പ്രൊഫസർമാരും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. 1957-ൽ കേരളം രൂപീകരിക്കുമ്പോൾ, എറണാകുളത്തെ ബോൾഗാട്ടി കൊട്ടാരം, മൂന്നാറിലെ ദേവികുളം കൊട്ടാരം (തിരുവിതാംകൂർ മഹാരാജാക്കൻമാരുടെ വേനൽക്കാല കൊട്ടാരം), തിരുവനന്തപുരം രാജ്ഭവൻ എന്നിങ്ങനെ മൂന്ന് രാജ്ഭവൻ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ബോൾഗാട്ടി പാലസ് പൈതൃക ഹോട്ടലായും, ദേവികുളം പാലസ് ഗവൺമെന്റ് ഗസ്റ്റ് ഹൗസായും മാറ്റി. മുൻ രണ്ട് രാജ്ഭവനുകൾ ഇല്ലാതാക്കാൻ കേരള സർക്കാർ പിന്നീട് തീരുമാനിച്ചു. == കോംപ്ലക്സും കെട്ടിടവും == കേരളീയ പരമ്പരാഗത ശൈലിയിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച രാജ്ഭവന്റെ പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടത്തിന് ചില വാസ്തുവിദ്യാ സവിശേഷതകളുണ്ട്. കാറ്റുള്ള കുന്നിൻ മുകളിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഇതിന് ചുറ്റും പരന്നുകിടക്കുന്ന പുൽമേടുകൾ, വെൽവെറ്റ് പുൽത്തകിടികൾ, ആന്തൂറിയം, ഓർക്കിഡ് തുടങ്ങിയ നിരവധി ഇനങ്ങളുള്ള ഹരിതഗൃഹങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്. പ്രധാന പുൽത്തകിടിയുടെ മധ്യഭാഗത്ത് ഗവർണറുടെ ഓഫീസ് മുറിക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി മനോഹരമായ ഒരു ജലധാരയും ഉണ്ട്. 3 പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടങ്ങളുണ്ട്. പ്രധാന കെട്ടിടം ഏറ്റവും പഴക്കമേറിയതും പൈതൃക സമുച്ചയവുമാണ്. 22,000 ചതുരശ്ര അടി വിസ്തീർണ്ണമുള്ള പ്രധാന ഘടനയിൽ 3 വലിയ ഹാളുകൾ, ഒരു സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ബാങ്ക്വറ്റ് ഹാൾ, കോൺഫറൻസ് ഹാൾ, ഗവർണറുടെ ഓഫീസ്, ഗവർണറുടെ സെക്രട്ടേറിയറ്റ്, ഡിപ്പാർട്ട്മെന്റ് ഓഫീസുകൾ, കോൺഫറൻസ് റൂം, ഒരു വലിയ ലൈബ്രറി എന്നിവയുണ്ട്'''.''' ഈസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ഗവർണറുടെ സ്വകാര്യ വസതിയിൽ 18 സ്യൂട്ടുകളും സ്വകാര്യ ഡൈനിംഗ് റൂമും അടുക്കളയും കൂടാതെ പേഴ്‌സണൽ സ്റ്റാഫിന് മുറികളും ഉണ്ട്. വെസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ചീഫ് ഓഫീസർമാരുടെ വസതികൾ, അതിഥി മുറികൾ, ഒരു മിനി മ്യൂസിയം എന്നിവയുണ്ട്. വെസ്റ്റ് വിങ്ങിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന '''ചിത്ര തിരുനാൾ ഹാൾ''' എല്ലാ സംസ്ഥാന ചടങ്ങുകൾക്കും ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. രാജ്ഭവനിൽ പുതുവത്സരാഘോഷങ്ങളും ഓണം, പൊങ്കൽ, തുടങ്ങിയ ആഘോഷങ്ങളും നടക്കുന്ന വെസ്റ്റ് വിംഗിൽ ഒരു ബോൾ റൂം നിലവിലുണ്ട്. === ലോക് ഭവൻ ലൈബ്രറി === ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മറ്റ് രാജ്ഭവനുകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഏറ്റവും വലിയ സ്വകാര്യ പുസ്തകശേഖരങ്ങളിലൊന്നാണ് കേരള രാജ്ഭവനുള്ളത്. രസകരമായ വിഷയങ്ങളിലുള്ള ആറായിരത്തോളം പുസ്തകങ്ങളുടെ നല്ലൊരു ലൈബ്രറി രാജ്ഭവനിലുണ്ട്. പബ്ലിക് റിലേഷൻസ് വിഭാഗത്തിനാണ് ലൈബ്രറിയുടെ ചുമതല. പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ സൂചികയിലാക്കി അലമാരയിൽ ഭംഗിയായി പ്രദർശിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. === ബാഹ്യഭാഗങ്ങൾ === 3.24 ഹെക്ടർ വിസ്തൃതിയുള്ള രാജ്ഭവൻ ഗാർഡൻസ് സന്ദർശകരെ ആകർഷിക്കുന്ന കേന്ദ്രമാണ്. വെട്ടിമാറ്റിയ പുല്ല് പുൽത്തകിടിക്ക് പച്ച പരവതാനി വിരിച്ചു, കൃത്രിമ വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം, മൂന്ന് ഹരിതഗൃഹങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ പൂന്തോട്ടത്തിന്റെ മനോഹാരിത വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഡെൻഡ്രോബിയം, അരണ്ട, കാറ്റ്‌ലിയ, അരാക്‌നിസ്, മൊയ്‌കാര, വാണ്ട, ഡോവ് ഓർക്കിഡ് എന്നിവ ഇതിനെ മനോഹരമാക്കുന്നു. റോസ്, ബിഗോണിയ എന്നിവയുടെ നല്ല ശേഖരവും അവിടെയുണ്ട്. തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ ശുചീന്ദ്രത്തിനടുത്തുള്ള മയിലാടിയിൽ നിന്ന് കൊണ്ടുവന്ന് ഉചിതമായ സ്ഥലങ്ങളിൽ സ്ഥാപിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന മനോഹരമായ പ്രതിമകൾ കേരള രാജ്ഭവൻ ഗാർഡന്റെ മനോഹാരിത വർദ്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ചിൽഡ്രൻസ് പാർക്ക്, ടെന്നീസ് കോർട്ട്, ഷട്ടിൽ കോർട്ട് എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് പുറമെ രാജകീയ ശൈലിയിൽ നിർമ്മിച്ച ആകർഷകമായ രണ്ട് ബാൻഡ് സ്റ്റാൻഡുകളും ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്. സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യദിനത്തിലും റിപ്പബ്ലിക് ദിനങ്ങളിലും പുൽത്തകിടിയിൽ വാർഷിക ''അറ്റ് ഹോം ചടങ്ങുകൾ നടക്കുന്നു.'' === മറ്റ് ഘടനകൾ === കേരള രാജ്ഭവനിലെ ഓഫീസർമാർക്കും ജീവനക്കാർക്കുമുള്ള 71 ക്വാർട്ടേഴ്‌സ് (എഡിസിയുടെ ക്വാർട്ടേഴ്‌സ് രാജ്ഭവൻ - കവടിയാർ റോഡിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്), രാജ്ഭവൻ ഡിസ്പെൻസറി, ഇലക്ട്രിക്കൽ വിംഗിന്റെ ഓഫീസ്, രാജ്ഭവൻ എംപ്ലോയീസ് കോ-ഓപ്പറേറ്റീവ് സൊസൈറ്റി എന്നിവയും കാമ്പസിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. രാജ്ഭവന് മാത്രമായി "ദി കേരള ഗവർണേഴ്‌സ് ക്യാമ്പ് പോസ്റ്റ് ഓഫീസ്" എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു തപാൽ ഓഫീസ് ഉണ്ട്. അവിടെ സ്പീഡ് പോസ്റ്റും ടെലിഗ്രാമുകളും അയക്കാനുള്ള സൗകര്യവുമുണ്ട്. 40 സുരക്ഷാ ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥരും 20 സ്പെഷ്യൽ ബ്രാഞ്ച് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥരും അടങ്ങുന്ന ഒരു സെക്യൂരിറ്റി ഓഫീസും ഉണ്ട്. [[വർഗ്ഗം:തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ കെട്ടിടങ്ങളും നിർമ്മിതികളും]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഗവർണ്ണർമാർ]] sen0r8n92wfb2ywdq66ner40vjfl6zw 0 586129 4644252 4608081 2026-07-07T18:33:28Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pu|Erich Saling}} {{Infobox person | name = Erich Saling | image = Erich Saling 2011.JPG | image_size = | caption = Saling in 2011 | birth_date = {{birth date|1925|07|21|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanislau]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|06|1925|07|21|df=y}}<ref>[https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2021/pressemitteilung.1144371.php Berlin Der Regierende Bürgermeister Senatskanzlei Pressemitteilung vom 11/09/21 &#91;Dieses Datum ist offensichtlich falsch!&#93;: ''Müller zum Tod von Prof. Dr. Erich Saling. Trauer um Inhaber der Ernst-Reuter-Plakette''], retrieved 10 November 2021</ref> | death_place = | nationality = | alma_mater = | occupation = Pioneering obstetrician<br />University professor | party = | spouse = Hella Weymann (1925 - 2006) | children = Peter (1954)<br />Michael (1955) | parents = Heinrich Saling<br />Emma Hoffmann }} പ്രശസ്ത [[ജർമ്മനി|ജർമ്മൻ]] [[ഗൈനക്കോളജി|ഗൈനക്കോളജിസ്റ്റും]] [[മിഡ്‌വൈഫറി|മിഡ്‌വൈഫറി പ്രൊഫഷണലുമായിരുന്നു]] '''എറിക് സാലിംഗ്''' (21 ജൂലൈ 1925 - 6 നവംബർ 2021). പല സ്രോതസ്സുകളും അദ്ദേഹത്തെ "[[മെറ്റേണൽ-ഫീറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ|പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിന്റെ]] പിതാവ്" എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു: "പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ" എന്ന പദത്തിന്റെ ഉപജ്ഞാതാവായി പോലും ഒരാൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ഉദ്ദരിക്കുന്നു. [[ശിശു|നവജാത ശിശുക്കളുടെ]] പുനർ-ഉത്തേജന നടപടിക്രമങ്ങളുടെ ഫലപ്രാപ്തി വിലയിരുത്താൻ 1960-ൽ രക്തത്തിലെ ഓക്സിജൻ കാർബൺ ഡയോക്സൈഡ് മുതലായവയുടെ അളവ് വിശകലനം ചെയ്യുന്ന ബ്ലഡ് ഗ്യാസ് അനാലിസിസ് ഉപയോഗിച്ചപ്പോൾ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ഉദ്ധരിച്ച നിരവധി "ആദ്യ"ങ്ങളിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു. 1961-ൽ സാലിംഗ് കെ. ഡമാഷ്‌കെയുമായി ചേർന്ന് പെരിനാറ്റൽ രക്ത-ഓക്‌സിജന്റെ അളവ് പരിശോധിക്കുന്നതിനും [[ഗർഭസ്ഥ ശിശു|ഗർഭപിണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ]] രക്തം വിശകലനം ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുമുള്ള ഒരു അതിവേഗ സമീപനം വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു.<ref name="ESlautuaJW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mwm-vermittlung.de/salingbiogr.html|title=Prof. Erich Saling, Berlin, der "Vater der Perinatalmedizin", feiert 80. Geburtstag|access-date=19 May 2020|date=21 July 2005|website=Fehlt nur noch der Nobelpreis …|publisher=MWM-Vermittlung, Berlin}}</ref><ref name="ESlautTGGS">{{Cite web|url=http://cms.galenos.com.tr/Uploads/Article_12840/JTGGA-6-7.pdf|title=Professor Dr. Erich Saling|access-date=19 May 2020|date=2006|website=Father of Perinatal Medicine|publisher=Galenos (Turkish-German Gynecology Association)|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722053726/http://cms.galenos.com.tr/Uploads/Article_12840/JTGGA-6-7.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ESlautJHS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/132072|title=Erich Saling: Vater der perinatalen Medizin|access-date=19 May 2020|last=Stupin, Jens H.|date=2 November 2012|publisher=Arbeitsgemeinschaft der deutschen Ärztekammern}}</ref> == ജീവിതം == എറിക് സാലിംഗ് ജനിച്ചത് അക്കാലത്ത് [[പോളണ്ട്|പോളണ്ടിലെ]] ഒരു ബഹു-വംശീയ നഗരമായ സ്റ്റാനിസ്ലാവ് എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന നഗരത്തിലാണ്. (1939-ൽ നഗരവും ചുറ്റുമുള്ള പ്രദേശവും ഉക്രേനിയൻ സോവിയറ്റ് സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കായി.<ref name="Cienciala">[[Anna M. Cienciala]] (2004). [http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm ''The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010755/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |date=2012-08-01 }} (lecture notes, [[University of Kansas]]). Retrieved 19 May 2020.</ref>) പിതാവ്, ഹെൻറിച്ച് സാലിംഗ്, ഒരു റീജിയണൽ മാനേജരായി ഫോറസ്ട്രിയിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്തു. കരകൗശല നൈപുണ്യം എറിക് സാലിംഗ് പാരമ്പര്യമായി ലഭിച്ചതോ പഠിച്ചതോ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പിതാവിൽ നിന്നാണെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നു. <ref name="ESlautuaJW"/> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അമ്മ, എമ്മ ഹോഫ്മാൻ ജനിച്ചത്, പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ [[ആസ്ട്രോ-ഹങ്കേറിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം|ഓസ്ട്രിയൻ]] പ്രവിശ്യയായ ഗലീഷ്യയുടെ (കിഴക്കൻ യൂറോപ്പ്) ഭാഗമായിരുന്നെ സ്റ്റാനിസ്ലൗ മേഖലയിൽ ആണ്. <ref name="HSuEHlautGGD">{{Cite web|url=http://www.galiziengermandescendants.org/BDC2/f1188.htm#f1275|title=... Heinrich SALING and Emma HOFFMANN|access-date=19 May 2020|last=Betty Wray (compiler-administrator)|website=Galizien German Descendants .... 1939 Resettlement Records, rev 2016|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114110111/https://www.galiziengermandescendants.org/BDC2/f1188.htm#f1275|url-status=dead}}</ref> കുടുംബം [[ലൂഥറനിസം|പ്രൊട്ടസ്റ്റന്റുകളായി]] രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്തു. <ref name="ESlautESI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saling-institut.de/german/02saling/02cv.html|title=Prof. Saling .... Lebenslauf / Curriculum Vitae|access-date=19 May 2020|date=3 April 2020|publisher=Erich Saling-Institut für Perinatale Medizin e. V., Berlin}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=ഡിസംബർ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> സാലിംഗ് തന്റെ "അബിതുർ" (സ്കൂൾ വിടുന്ന പരീക്ഷ) 1943-നോ അതിനുമുമ്പോ വിജയിച്ചു, ഇത് സാധാരണ സമയങ്ങളിൽ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി പ്രവേശനത്തിനുള്ള വഴി തുറക്കുമായിരുന്നു, പക്ഷേ [[രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം|രണ്ടാം ലോക യുദ്ധ]] സമയം ആയിരുന്നതിനാൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് അതിന് കഴിഞ്ഞില്ല. 1943 നും 1945 നും ഇടയിൽ അദ്ദേഹം [[നിർബന്ധിത സൈനിക സേവനം|സൈനിക സേവനത്തിനായി]] നിർബന്ധിതനായി. <ref name="ESlautESI"/> 1945-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം [[യെന]] യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റിയിൽ [[വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം|മെഡിക്കൽ വിദ്യാർത്ഥിയായി]] ചേർന്നു, 1945 -ന് ശേഷം അത് [[സഖ്യസേന അധിനിവേശ കാലഘട്ടം (ജർമ്മനി)|സോവിയറ്റ് അധിനിവേശ മേഖലയുടെ]] ഭാഗമായി സ്വയം ഭരണ മേഖല ആയി (1949 ഒക്ടോബറിൽ സോവിയറ്റ് സ്‌പോൺസർ ചെയ്‌ത [[കിഴക്കൻ ജർമ്മനി|ജർമ്മൻ ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക് / ഈസ്റ്റ് ജർമ്മനി ആയി പുനരാരംഭിച്ചു)]]. 1945 നും 1952 നും ഇടയിൽ അദ്ദേഹം യെനയിലും ബെർലിനിലും പഠിച്ചു.<ref name="ESlautTGGS"/> {{Efn|Sources are defiantly silent or ambiguous over whether the Berlin University at which Erich Saling studied between 1945 and 1952 (except when he was studying at Jena) was the so-called (till 1945) [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Friedrich Wilhelm University]] founded in 1810, which was in the part of Berlin that was included in the [[Soviet occupation zone]] or the [[Free University of Berlin]] founded in 1948, "with American support", in the part of the city that during the 1950s became known as [[West Berlin]]. He may have been a student at both institutions in succession. In any event, at some point between 1945 and 1952 he must have moved from "East Berlin" to "West Berlin".}} 1952-ൽ എറിക് സാലിംഗ് സഹ-പ്രവർത്തക ഹെല്ല വെയ്മാനിനെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ചു.<ref name="ESlautGGG">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ggg-b.de/index.php?lang=de&site=archiv_2010_saling_geburtstag|title=Erich Saling, der Vater der Perinatalmedizin, feiert seinen 85. Geburtstag!|access-date=19 May 2020|date=December 2017|publisher=Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie in Berlin|archive-date=2023-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113060808/http://www.ggg-b.de/index.php?lang=de&site=archiv_2010_saling_geburtstag|url-status=dead}}</ref> സാലിംഗ് [[ബെർലിൻ|ബെർലിനിൽ]] തന്റെ [[:de:Approbationsordnung|പ്രൊഫഷണൽ "അപ്രൊബേഷൻ"]] നേടിയ വർഷം കൂടിയാണിത്, അതേ വർഷം തന്നെ അദ്ദേഹം ബെർലിനിലെ ഫ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ നിന്ന് ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ് നേടി. <ref name="ESlautTGGS"/><ref name="ESlautsogfuehrerschein">{{Cite web|url=http://dev.kreisssaalfuehrerschein.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/salingCV.pdf|title=Professor Dr. med. Erich Saling, Schwangerschafts-, Geburts- und Perinatal-Mediziner ....|access-date=19 May 2020|publisher=Kreißsaalführerschein, Frankfurt am Main|archive-date=2019-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019074535/http://dev.kreisssaalfuehrerschein.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/salingCV.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ഡോക്ടറൽ പ്രബന്ധം "അകാല ജനനങ്ങൾക്കും ഗർഭം അലസലുകൾക്കും കാരണമായി [[പറങ്കിപ്പുണ്ണ്|സിഫിലിസ്]]" (''"Lues als Abort-und Frühgeburtsursache"'') എന്നതായിരുന്നു. <ref name="ESDissertation">{{Cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=showFullRecord&currentResultId=auRef%3D1060503301%26any&currentPosition=7|title=Lues als Abort- und Frühgeburtsursache|access-date=19 May 2020|date=16 June 1952|website=Hochschulschrift: Berlin, Freie Univ., Med. F., Diss.|publisher=[[German National Library|DNB]]}}</ref> 1952 അവസാനത്തോടെ ബെർലിൻ- ന്യൂക്കോലിലെ [[:de:Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln|സിറ്റി ഹോസ്പിറ്റലിൽ]] (അക്കാലത്ത് "വിവന്റസ് ക്ലിനിക്ക്" എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു) തന്റെ നിർബന്ധിത പ്രൊബേഷണറി പോസ്റ്റിംഗ് (''"Pflichtassistentenzeit"'') ആരംഭിച്ചു.<ref name="ESlautsogfuehrerschein" /> 1954 നും 1958 നും ഇടയിൽ അദ്ദേഹം ന്യൂകോൾനിൽ സ്ഥിരതാമസമാക്കി, [[ഗൈനക്കോളജി|ഗൈനക്കോളജിയിലും]] [[മിഡ്‌വൈഫറി|മിഡ്‌വൈഫറിയിലും]] (അന്ന് വേറിട്ടുനിന്ന) [[:de:Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln|ന്യൂകോൾൺ വിമൻസ് ക്ലിനിക്കിൽ]] പരിശീലനത്തിനിടെ അസിസ്റ്റന്റ് ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ ഡോക്ടറായി ജോലി ചെയ്തു. <ref name="ESlautTGGS" /><ref name="ESlautsogfuehrerschein" /> 1958-ൽ സലിംഗ് [[ഗൈനക്കോളജി]], [[മിഡ്‌വൈഫറി]] എന്നീ വിഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ യോഗ്യത നേടി. യുദ്ധാനന്തര കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ, ജൂനിയർ ഡോക്ടർമാർക്കിടയിൽ ഇവ ഫാഷനബിൾ സ്പെഷ്യലൈസേഷൻ ആയിരുന്നില്ല, സാലിംഗ് ഈ നിലയിലെത്തുന്നതിൽ ഒരു നിശ്ചിത തലത്തിലുള്ള പിടിവാശി പ്രകടമാക്കിയിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട്, [[മെറ്റേണൽ-ഫീറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ|പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ]] എന്ന ഒരു പുതിയ ആജീവനാന്ത ഗവേഷണ മേഖലയിലേക്ക് അദ്ദേഹം മാറി. പരിശീലന കാലയളവിന്റെ അവസാന ഘട്ടത്തിൽ, നവജാത ശിശുക്കളുടെ ശ്വാസകോശത്തിലേക്ക് ഓക്സിജൻ എത്തിക്കാനും അവരുടെ ശ്വസനവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ നിന്ന് മ്യൂക്കസ് വലിച്ചെടുക്കാനും കഴിയുന്ന ഒരു ലളിതമായ യന്ത്രം നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നതിന് അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ കരകൗശല വൈദഗ്ധ്യം പ്രയോഗിച്ചു. ഗർഭപിണ്ഡത്തിൻ്റെ അനന്തരഫലം എന്നതിലുപരി ചികിത്സയ്ക്ക് അര്ഹമായ, "ഒരു രോഗിയായി ഗര്ഭപിണ്ഡത്തെ അദ്ദേഹം തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞു". ഇക്കാര്യത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സമൂലമായ മനോഭാവങ്ങൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യ പുസ്തകമായ "ദാസ് കൈൻഡ് ഇം ബെറിച്ച് ഡെർ ഗെബർട്‌ഷിൽഫ്" ("''പ്രസവചികിത്സയുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലത്തിലുള്ള കുട്ടി"'') എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിൽ പരസ്യമായി പ്രദർശിപ്പിച്ചിരുന്നു: "ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ ജനനത്തിന് ചുറ്റുമുള്ള കാലഘട്ടം ജീവിതത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും അപകടകരമായ ഘട്ടം" ആണ്. തന്റെ അധ്യാപന റോളുകൾ വിപുലീകരിച്ചപ്പോൾ, ഈ സത്യത്തെ ആവർത്തിക്കുന്നതിൽ സാലിംഗ് ഒരിക്കലും മടുത്തില്ല. ഈ തൊഴിലിലെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ നിരവധി ആരാധകരുടെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ, മുൻ തലമുറയിലെ വൈദ്യന്മാർ ഇത് അവഗണിക്കാൻ ചായ്വുള്ളവരായിരുന്നു. <ref name="ESlautuaJW"/> 1963-ൽ, ഫ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി ഓഫ് ബെർലിനിൽ നിന്ന്, സാലിങ്ങ് തന്റെ ഹാബിലിറ്റേഷൻ ബിരുദം നേടി, ഇത് ജീവിതകാലം മുഴുവൻ നീണ്ടുനിൽക്കുന്ന അക്കാദമിക് ജീവിതത്തിനുള്ള യോഗ്യതയെ സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ചു, ഇത് സാലിങ്ങിന്റെ കാര്യത്തിൽ, ഒരു വിശിഷ്ടവും അസാധാരണവുമായ കണ്ടുപിടുത്തമുള്ള ഒരു ആശുപത്രി ഫിസിഷ്യൻ എന്ന നിലയിലുള്ള അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ റോളുമായി സംയോജിപ്പിക്കും. ഇത്തവണ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പ്രബന്ധം "രക്തത്തിലെ വാതകങ്ങളുടെ സന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥയും തടസ്സമില്ലാത്ത ജനനത്തിലെ ഗര്ഭപിണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ ബേസ്-ആസിഡിന്റെ സന്തുലിതാവസ്ഥയും" സംബന്ധിച്ചായിരുന്നു. <ref name="ESHablautDNB">{{Cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=showFullRecord&currentResultId=auRef%3D1060503301%26any&currentPosition=6|title=Die Blutgasverhältnisse und der Säure-Basenhaushalt des Feten bei ungestörtem Geburtsablauf|access-date=20 May 2020|date=21 February 1961|website=Berlin, F. U., Med. F., Hab.Schr.|publisher=[[German National Library|DNB]]}}</ref> അത് 1968-ൽ അസാധാരണമായ (''"außerplanmäßig"'') പ്രൊഫസർഷിപ്പോടെ തുടർന്നു. {{Efn|This form of professorship provided for a level of flexibility in respect of teaching scheduling that would not normally have been compatible with a standard "full professorship".<ref>Hubert Detmer: Sprungbrett oder Trostpreis? Der "Apl. Prof." als Karrierefaktor. In Forschung und Lehre, 2020, pp. 144–145.</ref>}} 1976 വരെ അദ്ദേഹം ഫ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയുടെ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഫോർ പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ തലവനായും [[:de:Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln|ന്യൂകോൾൺ സിറ്റി ഹോസ്പിറ്റലിലെ പ്രസവചികിത്സയുടെ]] [[ഒബ്സ്റ്റട്രിക്ക്‌സ്|തലവനായും]] നിയമിതനായി. <ref name="ESlautuaJW"/> 1987-ൽ ഫ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിനിൽ [[:de:Besoldungsordnung|സി-4 പ്രൊഫസറായി]] (''സീനിയർ പ്രൊഫസർ'') നിയമിതനായി. <ref name="DavidEbert2018">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VY93DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159|title=Frauenklinik am Mariendorferweg|last=Joachim Wolfram Dudenhausen (author)|last2=Matthias David (compiler-editor)|last3=Andreas D. Ebert (compiler-editor)|date=30 May 2018|work=Berühmte Frauenärzte in Berlin: Band 2|publisher=Mabuse-Verlag|isbn=978-3-86321-471-5|page=159}}</ref> [[ജർമ്മനിയുടെ പുനരേകീകരണം|പുനരേകീകരണത്തിനും]] ബെർലിനിലെ യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി മെഡിസിൻ പുനഃസംഘടിപ്പിച്ചതിനും ശേഷം, എറിക് സാലിംഗ്, വളരെയധികം വികസിച്ച ചാരിറ്റേ ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ ശൃംഖലയുടെ പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി പ്രൊഫസറായി. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, 1991-ൽ, 65 വയസ്സ് പിന്നിട്ട അദ്ദേഹം യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ശ്രേണിയിലെ തന്റെ കരിയറിൽ നിന്ന് വിരമിച്ചു, [[:de:Klaus Vetter (Mediziner)|ക്ലോസ് വെറ്റർ]] തന്റെ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി പ്രൊഫസർഷിപ്പിൽ വിജയിച്ചു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, പ്രസവചികിത്സ മേഖലയിലെ മെഡിക്കൽ ഗവേഷണത്തിനുള്ള അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സംഭാവനകൾ അവസാനിച്ചില്ല. <ref name="ESlautuaJW" /> 1993-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ബെർലിൻ ആസ്ഥാനമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന ഒരു [[സന്നദ്ധ സംഘടനകൾ|നോൺപ്രോഫിറ്റ് ഓർഗനൈസേഷനായ]] "എറിക് സാലിംഗ് ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഫോർ പെരിനാറ്റൽ മെഡിസിൻ" സ്ഥാപിച്ചു, കൂടാതെ അതിനെ "അകാല ജനനങ്ങൾ തടയുന്നതിന് ഊന്നൽ നൽകുന്ന ഒരു സുപ്ര-റീജിയണൽ കൺസൾട്ടേഷൻ സെന്റർ" എന്ന് സ്വന്തം പബ്ലിസിറ്റിയിൽ വിവരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref name="ESIlautESI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saling-institut.de/german/01institut/01uebersicht.html|title=Frühgeburten vermeiden|access-date=20 May 2020|website=Wir helfen dabei .... Schwerpunkte unserer Arbeit|publisher=Erich Saling-Institut für Perinatale Medizin e. V.}}{{പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി|date=മാർച്ച് 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == പയനിയർ == എറിക് സാലിംഗ്, ശിശുമരണനിരക്കും [[അകാലജനനം|അകാല ജനനനിരക്കുകളും]] കുറയ്ക്കുന്നതിന്, പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങൾ നേരത്തേ കണ്ടെത്തുന്നതിനും ചികിത്സാ നടപടിക്രമങ്ങൾക്കുമുള്ള പുതിയ രീതികൾ ആവർത്തിച്ച് വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. <ref name="ESlautuaJW"/><ref name="PerinatalmedizinlautKFB">{{Cite web|url=https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/3672/dissertation_k.boehmerle.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Die Entwicklung der Perinatalmedizin in Berlin aus geburtshilflicher Perspektive|access-date=20 May 2020|last=Kornélia Fruzsina Böhmerle|date=4 December 2015|publisher=[[Free University of Berlin]] ("Refubium")}}</ref> ഉദാഹരണത്തിന്, 1958-ൽ, ജനനത്തിനു തൊട്ടുപിന്നാലെ ഒരു നവജാതശിശുവിന്റെ അയോർട്ടയെ അദ്ദേഹം കത്തീറ്ററൈസ് ചെയ്യുകയും [[:de:Abnabelung|നേരത്തെയുള്ള പൊക്കിൾക്കൊടി മുറിക്കലിലൂടെ]] വേഗത്തിൽ [[പ്ലാസന്റ|പ്ലാസന്റൽ]] രക്തപ്പകർച്ചയ്ക്കായി ഒരു പുതിയ രീതി വികസിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. [[ശിശു|നവജാത ശിശുക്കൾക്കുള്ള]] പുനർ-ഉത്തേജന നടപടിക്രമങ്ങളുടെ ഫലപ്രാപ്തി വിലയിരുത്താൻ ആദ്യമായി ബ്ലഡ് ഗ്യാസ് അനാലിസിസ് ഉപയോഗിച്ചത് അദ്ദേഹം ആണ് (1960). <ref name="ESlautGGG"/> 1961-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം കെ. ഡമാഷ്‌കെയുമായി ചേർന്ന് പെരിനാറ്റൽ രക്ത-ഓക്‌സിജന്റെ അളവും [[ഗർഭസ്ഥ ശിശു|ഗർഭപിണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ]] രക്തപരിശോധനയും പരിശോധിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള അതിവേഗ സമീപനം വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. <ref name="ESlautuaJW" /> ഗർഭപാത്രത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു ഗർഭപിണ്ഡത്തിന് നേരിട്ടുള്ള ഡയഗ്നോസ്റ്റിക് പ്രവേശനം ലഭ്യമായത് ഇതാദ്യമാണ്. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> 1962-ൽ സാലിംഗ് [[:de:Amnioskopie|"Fruchtwasserspiegelung" (അമ്‌നിയോസ്കോപ്പ്)]] വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു, ഇത് അപകടസാധ്യതയുള്ള അവസാനഘട്ട ഭ്രൂണങ്ങളെ തിരിച്ചറിയാനും ആവശ്യമെങ്കിൽ ഉചിതമായ ഇടപെടലുകൾ നടത്താനും പ്രാപ്തമാക്കി. <ref name="ESlautuaJW"/> 1965-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ക്ലിനിക്കൽ-ബയോളജിക്കൽ അവസ്ഥ രോഗനിർണ്ണയങ്ങൾ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചു, അത് ജനിച്ചയുടനെ നവജാത ശിശുക്കളിൽ നടത്തി. <ref name="ESlautGGG"/> 1972-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം നേരിട്ട് പ്രസവാനന്തര [[ഗ്യാസ്ട്രോസ്കോപ്പി പരിശോധന|ഈസോഫാഗോഗാസ്ട്രോഡൂഡെനോസ്കോപ്പി]] നടത്തുന്നതിൽ വിജയിച്ചു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> <ref name="EndeckungenlautESI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saling-institut.de/german/02saling/03invent.html|title=Prof. Erich Saling – Aufstellung der besonderen wissenschaftlichen Leistungen und neuen Entwicklungen|access-date=20 May 2020|publisher=Erich Saling-Institut für Perinatale Medizin e. V., Berlin|archive-date=2023-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113055302/http://www.saling-institut.de/german/02saling/03invent.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1978-ൽ ഗർഭാവസ്ഥയുടെ പിന്നീടുള്ള ഘട്ടത്തിൽ അമ്‌നിയോറെക്സിസ് ഉണ്ടായാൽ അണുബാധ ഉണ്ടാകാതിരിക്കാൻ അദ്ദേഹം യോനിയിൽ തുടർച്ചയായ അണുനാശിനി നടപടികൾ കൊണ്ടുവന്നു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> <ref name="Dudenhausen2011">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-w9tqJUsAUC&pg=PR10|title=Grusswort|last=Fred Kubli|last2=Joachim Wolfram Dudenhausen|date=1 June 2011|work=Das Kind im Bereich der Geburts- und Perinatalmedizin|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-086325-3|pages=9–}}</ref> തന്റെ സഹപ്രവർത്തകനായ യു. ബ്ലൂച്ചറുമായി ചേർന്ന്, വീട്ടിൽ നിന്ന് തന്നെ അകാല പ്രസവം നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു ഉപകരണം (ഈ സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ ഒരു ടെലിഫോൺ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഒരു ആശുപത്രി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ക്ലിനിക്ക്) അദ്ദേഹം കൊണ്ടുവന്ന വർഷം കൂടിയായിരുന്നു അത്. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> 1981-ൽ അദ്ദേഹം ആവർത്തിച്ചുള്ള ഗർഭം അലസലുകളും അകാല ജനനങ്ങളും ഒഴിവാക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു പുതിയ രീതി ആയ "Frühe Totale Muttermund-Verschluss" (FTMV) വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> <ref name="EndeckungenlautESI" /> <ref>Saling E (1981): Der frühe totale operative Muttermundverschluss zur Vermeidung habitueller Aborte und Frühgeburten. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol 185: pp. 259–261</ref> 1984-ൽ, യു. ബ്ലൂച്ചറും ജെ. റോത്തും എറിക് സാലിംഗും ആയി ചേർന്ന്, [[പ്രസവം|പ്രസവസമയത്ത്]] [[ഗർഭപാത്രം|ഗർഭപാത്രത്തിന്റെ]] ശബ്ദ പശ്ചാത്തല പശ്ചാത്തലത്തിന്റെ മൈക്രോഫോൺ റെക്കോർഡിംഗുകൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> 1989-ൽ സാലിംഗ് പതിവ് പ്രയോഗത്തിന് അനുയോജ്യമായ ഒരു പ്രീ-ടേം ജനന പ്രതിരോധ പരിപാടി വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. 1993-ൽ, ഫ്രീ യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റിയിൽ നിന്ന് വിരമിച്ചതിന് തൊട്ടുപിന്നാലെ, വൈകിയുള്ള ഗർഭഛിദ്രങ്ങളും കാലയളവിനു മുമ്പുള്ള പ്രസവങ്ങളും ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ താൽപ്പര്യമുള്ള ഗർഭിണികൾക്കായി അദ്ദേഹം സ്വയം പരിചരണ പ്രവർത്തനം ആരംഭിച്ചു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> <ref name="EndeckungenlautESI" /> 1999/2000-ൽ, "ഇൻഡിക്കേറ്റർ കോട്ടഡ് പാന്റി ലൈനർ" ഉപയോഗിച്ച് [[യോനി|യോനി സ്രവങ്ങളുടെ]] [[പി.എച്ച്. മൂല്യം|പിഎച്ച് മൂല്യം]] സ്വയം നിർണ്ണയിക്കാൻ രോഗികൾക്ക് ഒരു പുതിയ രീതി അദ്ദേഹം വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തു. <ref name="ESlautGGG" /> മുൻ രണ്ട് ഖണ്ഡികകൾ എറിക് സാലിംഗിന് അവകാശപ്പെടുന്ന നൂതനത്വങ്ങളുടെ സ്വഭാവത്തെയും വ്യാപ്തിയെയും കുറിച്ച് ന്യായമായ ഉൾക്കാഴ്ച നൽകുമെന്ന് പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കാമെങ്കിലും, അവ സമഗ്രമാകാൻ ഉദ്ദേശിച്ചുള്ളതല്ല. ബെർലിൻ ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള "എറിക് സാലിംഗ്-ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് ഫർ പെരിനറ്റാലെ മെഡിസിൻ ഇ.വി", സാലിങ്ങിന്റെ പെരിനാറ്റൽ "ആദ്യങ്ങളുടെ" ദൈർഘ്യമേറിയ ഷെഡ്യൂൾ ഓൺലൈനിൽ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. <ref name="EndeckungenlautESI"/> == സ്വകാര്യ ജീവിതം == 1952-ൽ ഹെല്ല വെയ്മാനുമായുള്ള (1925 - 2006) എറിക് സാലിങ്ങിന്റെ വിവാഹത്തെ തുടര്ന്ന് മക്കളായ പീറ്റർ (1954), മൈക്കിൾ (1955) എന്നിവർ ജനിച്ചു. ആറ് പേരക്കുട്ടികളും, അവസാനത്തെ കണക്കിൽ, ഏഴ് കൊച്ചുമക്കളും ഉണ്ട്. പീറ്റർ ഒരു [[ഗൈനക്കോളജി|ഗൈനക്കോളജിസ്റ്റും]] മൈക്കൽ ഒരു ബിസിനസുകാരനുമാണ്. <ref name="ESlautESI"/><ref name="ESperNF">{{Cite web|url=https://forschung.medunigraz.at/fodok/suchen.publikationen_mug_autoren?sprache_in=de&menue_id_in=206&id_in=4203&publikation_id_in=101537|title=Die Wertigkeit des Laktats im Rahmen des foetalen blood samplings|access-date=21 May 2020|last=Natalie Fischer|date=14 December 2009|website=Medizinischen Universität Graz & Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe|publisher=Universität Graz|archive-date=2023-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113055303/https://forschung.medunigraz.at/fodok/suchen.publikationen_mug_autoren?sprache_in=de&menue_id_in=206&id_in=4203&publikation_id_in=101537|url-status=dead}}</ref> == കുറിപ്പുകൾ == {{Notelist}} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist|35em}}{{Authority Control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:2021-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1925-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] 2rc1290o7di1x62xt8qv8l6vic6kevh 0 586307 4644250 4550683 2026-07-07T18:05:33Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PU|Emily Bovell}} {{Infobox medical person | honorific_prefix = | name = എമിലി ബോവൽ | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above --> | birth_date = {{birth date|1841|02|21|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ലണ്ടൻ]], [[ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്]] | death_date = {{death year and age|1885|1841|04}} | death_place = [[നൈസ്]], ഫ്രാൻസ് | death_cause = | education = [[ക്വീൻസ് കോളേജ്, ലണ്ടൻ]]<br />[[എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാല]] | occupation = [[വൈദ്യൻ]] | years_active = | known_for = [[Edinburgh Seven|എഡിൻബർഗ് സെവൻ അംഗം]]<br />[[Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Officier des Ordre des Palmes Académiques]] (1880) | relations = | website = | profession = | field = | work_institutions = | specialism = | research_field = | notable_works = | prizes = | child = | module2 = | signature = Emily Bovell (signature).jpg }} '''എമിലി ബോവൽ''' (21 ഫെബ്രുവരി 1841-ഏപ്രിൽ 1885) ഒരു ഫിസിഷ്യനും കൂടാതെ എഡിൻബർഗ് സെവനിലെ യഥാർത്ഥ അംഗങ്ങളിൽ ഒരാളായി അംഗീകരിക്കപ്പെട്ട വനിതയുമായിരുന്നു.<ref name="obit">{{cite journal|title=Obituary - Emily Bovell Sturge|journal=British Medical Journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1274.1131-c|volume=1|pages=1131|s2cid=220009989}}</ref> [[വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം|വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്ര]] യോഗ്യത നേടിയ ശേഷം [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിലെ]] മെറിലിബോൺ റോഡിലെ ന്യൂ ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ ഫോർ വുമൺ എന്ന സ്ഥാപനത്തിലും [[പാരിസ്|പാരീസിലും]] അവർ ജോലി ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/health/dickens-doctors.htm|title=Dickens's Dictionary of London|access-date=16 February 2015|website=Dictionary of Victorian London}}</ref> [[വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം|വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്ര]] രംഗത്തിന് അവർ നൽ‌കിയ സേവനങ്ങളുടെപേരിൽ ഫ്രഞ്ച് സർക്കാർ അവർക്ക് ഓഫീസിയെർ ഡെസ് ഓർഡ്രെ ഡെസ് പാംസ് അക്കാദെമിക്വെസ് അവാർഡ് നൽകി. [[ന്യൂറോളജി|ന്യൂറോളജിസ്റ്റ്]] വില്യം അലൻ സ്റ്റർജ് ആയിരുന്നു അവരുടെ ഭർത്താവ്. == ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം == 1841 ഫെബ്രുവരി 21 ന് [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിൽ]] സാറാ ലൂയിസയുടെയും (മുമ്പ്, ജോൺസ്) ജോൺ റോച്ച് ബോവെലിന്റെയും (1803-1852) മകളായി ബോവൽ ജനിച്ചു. [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിലെ]] ക്വീൻസ് കോളേജിൽ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം ചെയ്ത അവർ അവിടെ ഗണിതശാസ്ത്ര അദ്ധ്യാപികയായി കുറച്ചുകാലം താമസിച്ചു. ക്വീൻസ് കോളേജിലെ മറ്റ് സമകാലിക വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളിൽ [[സോഫിയ ജെക്സ്-ബ്ലേക്ക്]] ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു, അവൾ പിന്നീട് [[എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവ്വകലാശാല|എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാലയിൽ]] പഠിച്ചു. 'എഡിൻബർഗ് സെവൻ', ([[മേരി ആൻഡേഴ്സൺ]], [[മറ്റിൽഡ ചാപ്ലിൻ]], [[ഹെലൻ ഇവാൻസ്]], [[സോഫിയ ജെക്സ്-ബ്ലേക്ക്]], [[എഡിത്ത് പെച്ചെയ്]], [[ഇസബെൽ തോൺ]]) എന്നിവരിൽ ഒരാളായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ടെങ്കിലും, 1869 ലെ മെട്രിക്കുലേഷൻ റെക്കോർഡുകളിലും [[എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവ്വകലാശാല|എഡിൻബർഗ് സർവകലാശാലയുടെ]] 1869/70 അധ്യയന വർഷത്തിലെ<ref>{{cite news|title=University of Edinburgh Class Prize Lists, Session 1869-70|work=The Scotsman|issue=18 April 1870}}</ref> (മറ്റ് വനിതാ വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളെ അവിടെ പട്ടികപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്) ക്ലാസ് പ്രൈസ് ലിസ്റ്റുകളിലും അവളുടെ പേര് ഇല്ല. 1870-ന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ, [[കാതറിൻ റസ്സൽ, വിസ്‌കൗണ്ടസ് ആംബർലി]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Miscellaneous|url=http://find.galegroup.com/dvnw/newspaperRetrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateAscend&tabID=T003&prodId=DVNW&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R2&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28tx%2CNone%2C12%29emily+bovell%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28MB%2CNone%2C80%29Bbcn+Or+Bncn-1+Or+Bncn-2+Or+Ncuk-2+Or+Ncuk-1+Or+Inda+Or+Ttda-1+Or+Ttda-2+Or+Tlsh%24&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&inPS=true&userGroupName=ed_itw&docId=BA3201145338&contentSet=LTO&&docId=&docLevel=FASCIMILE&workId=&relevancePageBatch=BA3201145338&contentSet=LTO&callistoContentSet=UDVIN&docPage=article&hilite=y&tabLimiterIndex=&tabLimiterValue=&uzFieldValue=bncn-1&mcode=1ZSY|access-date=18 February 2015|work=Birmingham Daily Post|issue=3831|date=28 October 1870}}</ref> സ്പോൺസർ ചെയ്‌ത സ്‌കോളർഷിപ്പ് അവർ നേടുകയും, അവളുടെ ചരമക്കുറിപ്പിൽ 1871-ൽ എഡിൻബർഗ് യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റിയിൽ സോഫിയ ജെക്‌സ്-ബ്ലേക്കിനോടും മറ്റുള്ളവരോടുമൊപ്പം വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം പഠിക്കാൻ ചേർന്നതായി പറയുന്നുണ്ട്.<ref name="obit2">{{cite journal|title=Obituary - Emily Bovell Sturge|journal=British Medical Journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1274.1131-c|volume=1|pages=1131|s2cid=220009989}}</ref> എഡിൻബറോയിൽ തുടരാൻ കഴിയാതെ വന്നപ്പോൾ 1873-ൽ പഠനം തുടരാനായി ഫ്രാൻസിലെ [[പാരിസ്|പാരീസിലേക്ക്]] താമസം മാറിയ അവർ ഒടുവിൽ 1877-ൽ പാരീസിൽ ഡോക്ടറായി യോഗ്യത നേടി. അവരുടെ മെഡിക്കൽ തീസിസിന്റെ വിഷയം "അപസ്മാരം, ഹിസ്റ്ററോ-അപസ്മാര രോഗങ്ങളെ തുടർന്നുള്ള കൺജസ്റ്റീവ് പ്രതിഭാസങ്ങൾ" എന്നതായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?cote=TPAR1877x411&do=chapitre|title=De quelques accidents de l'épilepsie et de l'hystéro-épilpsie|access-date=16 February 2015|website=Biu Sante - Catalogue des textes en ligne}}</ref> == കരിയർ == 1877-ൽ പാരീസിൽ വച്ച് തന്റെ ഭാവി ഭർത്താവും, ഫിസിഷ്യനുമായ വില്യം അലൻ സ്റ്റർജിനെ<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1661.html|title=William Allen Sturge|access-date=16 February 2015|website=Whonamedit?|archive-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203012339/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1661.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> കണ്ടുമുട്ടുകയും അവർ ഒരുമിച്ച് ലണ്ടനിലേക്ക് മടങ്ങി, സെപ്റ്റംബർ 27-ന് പാഡിംഗ്ടണിലെ സെന്റ് സേവിയേഴ്‌സ് പള്ളിയിൽ വച്ച് വിവാഹിതരാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nyggbs/Colonist/1877Colonist.pdf|title=The Colonist, Births, Deaths and Marriages 1877|access-date=17 February 2015|website=RootsWeb}}</ref> അതിനുശേഷം വിംപോൾ സ്ട്രീറ്റിൽ ഒരുമിച്ച് പരിശീലനം ആരംഭിക്കുകയും ബോവൽ ക്വീൻസ് കോളേജുമായുള്ള ബന്ധം തൻറെ പുതുക്കുകയും ചെയ്ത ബോവൽ, ശരീരശാസ്ത്രത്തെയും ശുചിത്വത്തെയും കുറിച്ച് പ്രഭാഷണം നടത്തിയതോടൊപ്പം, സ്ത്രീകൾക്കായി ആംബുലൻസ് ക്ലാസുകളും നടത്തി. == മരണവും പാരമ്പര്യവും == 1884-ൽ അവരുടെ ശ്വാസകോശസംബന്ധമായ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ കൂടുതൽ ഗുരുതരമായതോടെ 1885 ഏപ്രിൽ ആദ്യം അവർ അന്തരിച്ചു.<ref name="obit3">{{cite journal|title=Obituary - Emily Bovell Sturge|journal=British Medical Journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1274.1131-c|volume=1|pages=1131|s2cid=220009989}}</ref> ഫ്രാൻസിലെ നൈസിലെ സെന്റ് മാർഗറൈറ്റ് സെമിത്തേരിയിൽ അവളെ സംസ്കരിച്ചു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gravestonephotos.com/public/gravedetails.php?grave=356951&scrwidth=1600|title=Gravestone Photographs Resource Countries index page|access-date=2016-02-16|last=Sale|first=Charles|website=www.gravestonephotos.com|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307021706/http://www.gravestonephotos.com/public/gravedetails.php?grave=356951&scrwidth=1600|url-status=dead}}</ref> == അവലംബം == ta9jpra3t674j7ogkzu50oqpnd5tgpm 0 596215 4644296 4574191 2026-07-08T04:17:47Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[മലയാളം|മലയാളത്തിലെ]] ഒരു ആദ്യകാല ചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകനും സംഗീതസംവിധായകനുമായിരുന്നു '''എ. എസ്. തോമസ്''' എന്ന '''വിമൽകുമാർ'''.<ref name="malayalasangeetham-1">{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=director&artist=Vimal%20Kumar|title=വിമൽ കുമാർ|publisher=malayalasangeetham|access-date=2023-04-20|archive-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420192354/https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=director&artist=Vimal%20Kumar|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="m3db-1">{{cite web |url=https://m3db.com/vimalkumar|title=വിമൽകുമാർ- സംഗീതസംവിധാനം, സംവിധാനം|publisher=m3db}}</ref><ref name="mathrubhumi-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/hollywood-actor-director-thomas-berly-kochi-interview-1.4413690|title=ആരുമറിയാത്ത അമ്പതുകളിലെ ആ ഹോളിവുഡ് സിനിമാക്കാരൻ ഇതാ ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്‌|date= 2020-01-03|publisher=mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref name="newsthen-1">{{cite web |url=https://newsthen.com/2022/04/02/52492.html|title=തോമസ് ബെർളി എന്ന സകലകലാ വല്ലഭൻ |date= 2022-04-02|publisher=newsthen}}</ref> ==ചലച്ചിത്രരംഗത്ത്== 1953-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രമായ [[തിരമാല (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിരമാലയുടെ]] രണ്ട് സംവിധായകരിൽ ഒരാളായിട്ടായിരുന്നു വിമൽകുമാറിൻറെ സിനിമയിലേക്കുള്ള അരങ്ങേറ്റം.[[പി.ആർ.എസ്. പിള്ള| പി.ആർ.എസ്. പിള്ളയായിരുന്നു]] ഈ ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ മറ്റൊരു സംവിധായകൻ. [[പി. ഭാസ്കരൻ|പി. ഭാസ്കരൻറെ]] വരികൾക്ക് ഈ സിനിമയിലൂടെ സംഗീതസംവിധായകനാകുകയും ചെയ്തു. പിൽക്കാലത്ത് പ്രശസ്തരായ സംവിധായകൻ [[രാമു കാര്യാട്ട്]] ചലച്ചിത്ര സംവിധാനത്തിലും [[എം.എസ്. ബാബുരാജ്]] സംഗീതസംവിധാനത്തിലും ഈ സിനിമയിലൂടെ വിമൽകുമാറിൻറെ സഹായികളായിട്ടായിരുന്നു അരങ്ങേറ്റം കുറിച്ചത്.<ref name="mathrubhumi-1"/><ref name="newsthen-1"/> [[തിരമാല (ചലച്ചിത്രം)|തിരമാലക്കുശേഷം]] [[പുത്രധർമ്മം]], [[അച്ഛനും മകനും]] എന്നീ സിനിമകൾ കൂടി വിമൽകുമാർ സംവിധാനം ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. [[അച്ഛനും മകനും]] സിനിമയുടെ സംഗീതസംവിധായകനും അദ്ദേഹമായിരുന്നു<ref name="malayalachalachithram-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?d=1687|title=List of Malayalam Movies directed by Vimal Kumar|publisher=malayalachalachithram}}</ref>. തുടർന്ന്, [[സത്യൻ]], [[ലളിത]] എന്നിവരെ ജോഡികളാക്കി '''''സുദർശൻ''''' എന്ന സിനിമയും [[സത്യൻ]], [[കുമാരി തങ്കം]] എന്നിവരെ ജോഡികളാക്കി '''''ശങ്കരാചാര്യ''''' എന്ന സിനിമയും സംവിധാനം ചെയ്‌തെങ്കിലും ഇവ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയില്ല<ref name="malayalasangeetham-3">{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?7609|title=സുദർശൻ (1957)|publisher=malayalasangeetham|access-date=2023-04-21|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421185942/https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?7609|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="malayalasangeetham-4">{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?7610|title=ശങ്കരാചാര്യ (1957)|publisher=malayalasangeetham|access-date=2023-04-21|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421185942/https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?7610|url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==ജീവിതരേഖ== ഫോർട്ടുകൊച്ചിയിലെ അറയ്ക്കൽ കുടുംബാംഗമായിരുന്ന തോമസ് 1906 ഏപ്രിലിൽ ജനിച്ചു. കൊച്ചിയിൽ ഇൻറർമീഡിയറ്റ് കഴിഞ്ഞതിനുശേഷം ബോംബെയിലെത്തിയ തോമസ് അവിടെനിന്നും സംഗീതവും ചിത്രസംവിധാനവും പഠിച്ചു. 26 കൊല്ലക്കാലത്തെ അവിടത്തെ ജീവിതത്തിനൊടുവിൽ തിരിച്ചു നാട്ടിലെത്തി മലയാള സിനിമയിൽ സജീവമായി. അതിനിടെ ഹിന്ദിയിൽ, '''''കലിയുഗ''''' തുടങ്ങിയ പല സിനിമകളിലും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചിരുന്നു.1966-ലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം അന്തരിച്ചത്.<ref name="malayalasangeetham-1"/><ref name="m3db-1"/><ref name="malayalasangeetham-2">{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?artist=Thomas%20Berly&category=director|title=തോമസ് ബെർളി|publisher=malayalasangeetham|access-date=2023-04-20|archive-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420195220/https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?artist=Thomas%20Berly&category=director|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * [https://m3db.com/en/lyric/26241 Music: Vimal Kumar] * [https://malayalasangeetham.info/songs.php?tag=Search&musician=Vimal%20Kumar&limit=24 വിമൽകുമാർ ഗാനശേഖരം] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420200004/https://malayalasangeetham.info/songs.php?tag=Search&musician=Vimal%20Kumar&limit=24 |date=2023-04-20 }} * [https://www.moviebuff.com/vimal-kumar-1 Vimal Kumar- Director ● Story Writer ● Dialogue Writer] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംഗീതസംവിധായകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രസംവിധായകർ]] 31yvotf0p8m28ifgtv7l6400uwjp9k5 0 599888 4644302 4603052 2026-07-08T04:38:42Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl/wikidata}}{{Speciesbox |image=Lindera praecox 1.JPG |image_caption=Male flowers |image2=Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06760.JPG |image2_caption=Foliage |genus=Lindera |species=praecox |authority=([[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini|Zucc.]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO_465429-1" /> |synonyms={{Collapsible list| *''Benzoin praecox'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} *''Lindera praecox'' f. ''pubescens'' {{small|(Honda) H.Ohba}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' f. ''angustifolium'' {{small|Sugim.}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''oleopubescens'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''pubescens'' {{small|Honda}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipitatum'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipititoides'' {{small|Nakai}} }}}}ലോറേസി കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു ഇനം പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന സസ്യമാണ് '''ലിൻഡേര പ്രെകോക്സ്'''. '''ഫെബ്രുവരി സ്പൈസ് ബുഷ്''' എന്നും ഇത് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. തെക്കൻ [[ചൈന]]യിലും ജപ്പാനിലും ഇത് തദ്ദേശീയമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="POWO_465429-1" >{{cite POWO |id=465429-1 |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.morrisarboretum.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/PlantCatalogue-21-1.pdf |title=Catalogue of Plants in the Living Collection January 2021 |last1=Goff |first1=Elinor I. |date=28 January 2021 |website=morrisarboretum.org |publisher=Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> സാധാരണയായി 4.5 മുതൽ 7.5 മീറ്റർ വരെ (15 മുതൽ 25 അടി വരെ) ഉയരമുള്ള ഈ ഇലപൊഴിയും കുറ്റിച്ചെടി, USDA ഹാർഡിനസ് സോൺ 8-ൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നതാണ്.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/lindera/lindera-praecox |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> കാട്ടിൽ, കുന്നുകളുടെയും മലകളുടെയും ചരിവുകളിലും, അരുവികളുടെയും തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും തീരങ്ങളിലും കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളിലും ഇത് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |title=Useful Temperate Plants ''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold.&Zucc.)Blume. Lauraceae |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |date=12 October 2022 |website=temperate.theferns.info |publisher=Temperate Plants Database |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311073637/https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |url-status=dead }}</ref> സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി നഴ്സറികളിൽ ഇത് ലഭ്യമാണ്.<ref name="RHS_50028" >{{cite web |title=''Lindera praecox'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/50028/i-lindera-praecox-i/details |date=2023 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=11 March 2023 |quote=1 suppliers }}</ref> {{Gallery |Lindera praecox 3.JPG|Bark is warty |Lindera praecox 4.JPG|Fruit are also warty |Lindera praecox 2.JPG|Female flowers |Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06757.JPG|Habit |Lindera praecox kz01.jpg|At [[Dunedin Botanic Garden]] }} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10935819}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജപ്പാനിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] fuyp7dwgllzs6zfbj38bvzf4keajbhr 4644342 4644302 2026-07-08T08:49:59Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl/wikidata}}{{Speciesbox |image=Lindera praecox 1.JPG |image_caption=Male flowers |image2=Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06760.JPG |image2_caption=Foliage |genus=Lindera |species=praecox |authority=([[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini|Zucc.]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO_465429-1" /> |synonyms={{Collapsible list| *''Benzoin praecox'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} *''Lindera praecox'' f. ''pubescens'' {{small|(Honda) H.Ohba}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' f. ''angustifolium'' {{small|Sugim.}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''oleopubescens'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''pubescens'' {{small|Honda}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipitatum'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipititoides'' {{small|Nakai}} }}}}ലോറേസി കുടുംബത്തിലെ പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു ഇനം സസ്യമാണ് '''ലിൻഡേര പ്രെകോക്സ്'''. '''ഫെബ്രുവരി സ്പൈസ് ബുഷ്''' എന്നും ഇത് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. തെക്കൻ [[ചൈന]]യിലും ജപ്പാനിലും ഇത് തദ്ദേശീയമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="POWO_465429-1" >{{cite POWO |id=465429-1 |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.morrisarboretum.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/PlantCatalogue-21-1.pdf |title=Catalogue of Plants in the Living Collection January 2021 |last1=Goff |first1=Elinor I. |date=28 January 2021 |website=morrisarboretum.org |publisher=Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> സാധാരണയായി 4.5 മുതൽ 7.5 മീറ്റർ വരെ (15 മുതൽ 25 അടി വരെ) ഉയരമുള്ള ഈ ഇലപൊഴിയും കുറ്റിച്ചെടി, USDA ഹാർഡിനസ് സോൺ 8-ൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നതാണ്.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/lindera/lindera-praecox |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> കാട്ടിൽ, കുന്നുകളുടെയും മലകളുടെയും ചരിവുകളിലും, അരുവികളുടെയും തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും തീരങ്ങളിലും കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളിലും ഇവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |title=Useful Temperate Plants ''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold.&Zucc.)Blume. Lauraceae |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |date=12 October 2022 |website=temperate.theferns.info |publisher=Temperate Plants Database |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311073637/https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |url-status=dead }}</ref> സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി നഴ്സറികളിൽ ഇത് ലഭ്യമാണ്.<ref name="RHS_50028" >{{cite web |title=''Lindera praecox'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/50028/i-lindera-praecox-i/details |date=2023 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=11 March 2023 |quote=1 suppliers }}</ref> {{Gallery |Lindera praecox 3.JPG|Bark is warty |Lindera praecox 4.JPG|Fruit are also warty |Lindera praecox 2.JPG|Female flowers |Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06757.JPG|Habit |Lindera praecox kz01.jpg|At [[Dunedin Botanic Garden]] }} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10935819}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജപ്പാനിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] mkdyq69at19k06da8m6fyrt678kwerj 4644343 4644342 2026-07-08T08:50:25Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* References */ 4644343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl/wikidata}}{{Speciesbox |image=Lindera praecox 1.JPG |image_caption=Male flowers |image2=Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06760.JPG |image2_caption=Foliage |genus=Lindera |species=praecox |authority=([[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini|Zucc.]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO_465429-1" /> |synonyms={{Collapsible list| *''Benzoin praecox'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} *''Lindera praecox'' f. ''pubescens'' {{small|(Honda) H.Ohba}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' f. ''angustifolium'' {{small|Sugim.}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''oleopubescens'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''pubescens'' {{small|Honda}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipitatum'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipititoides'' {{small|Nakai}} }}}}ലോറേസി കുടുംബത്തിലെ പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു ഇനം സസ്യമാണ് '''ലിൻഡേര പ്രെകോക്സ്'''. '''ഫെബ്രുവരി സ്പൈസ് ബുഷ്''' എന്നും ഇത് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. തെക്കൻ [[ചൈന]]യിലും ജപ്പാനിലും ഇത് തദ്ദേശീയമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="POWO_465429-1" >{{cite POWO |id=465429-1 |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.morrisarboretum.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/PlantCatalogue-21-1.pdf |title=Catalogue of Plants in the Living Collection January 2021 |last1=Goff |first1=Elinor I. |date=28 January 2021 |website=morrisarboretum.org |publisher=Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> സാധാരണയായി 4.5 മുതൽ 7.5 മീറ്റർ വരെ (15 മുതൽ 25 അടി വരെ) ഉയരമുള്ള ഈ ഇലപൊഴിയും കുറ്റിച്ചെടി, USDA ഹാർഡിനസ് സോൺ 8-ൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നതാണ്.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/lindera/lindera-praecox |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> കാട്ടിൽ, കുന്നുകളുടെയും മലകളുടെയും ചരിവുകളിലും, അരുവികളുടെയും തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും തീരങ്ങളിലും കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളിലും ഇവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |title=Useful Temperate Plants ''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold.&Zucc.)Blume. Lauraceae |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |date=12 October 2022 |website=temperate.theferns.info |publisher=Temperate Plants Database |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311073637/https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |url-status=dead }}</ref> സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി നഴ്സറികളിൽ ഇത് ലഭ്യമാണ്.<ref name="RHS_50028" >{{cite web |title=''Lindera praecox'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/50028/i-lindera-praecox-i/details |date=2023 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=11 March 2023 |quote=1 suppliers }}</ref> {{Gallery |Lindera praecox 3.JPG|Bark is warty |Lindera praecox 4.JPG|Fruit are also warty |Lindera praecox 2.JPG|Female flowers |Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06757.JPG|Habit |Lindera praecox kz01.jpg|At [[Dunedin Botanic Garden]] }} ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10935819}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജപ്പാനിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] 7zjpgd0o0wpla5odhqq52c7d0vkp60u 4644344 4644343 2026-07-08T08:51:29Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോറേസീ]] ചേർത്തു [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്റ്]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 4644344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl/wikidata}}{{Speciesbox |image=Lindera praecox 1.JPG |image_caption=Male flowers |image2=Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06760.JPG |image2_caption=Foliage |genus=Lindera |species=praecox |authority=([[Philipp Franz von Siebold|Siebold]] & [[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini|Zucc.]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO_465429-1" /> |synonyms={{Collapsible list| *''Benzoin praecox'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} *''Lindera praecox'' f. ''pubescens'' {{small|(Honda) H.Ohba}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' f. ''angustifolium'' {{small|Sugim.}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''oleopubescens'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''pubescens'' {{small|Honda}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipitatum'' {{small|Nakai}} *''Parabenzoin praecox'' var. ''stipititoides'' {{small|Nakai}} }}}}ലോറേസി കുടുംബത്തിലെ പുഷ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു ഇനം സസ്യമാണ് '''ലിൻഡേര പ്രെകോക്സ്'''. '''ഫെബ്രുവരി സ്പൈസ് ബുഷ്''' എന്നും ഇത് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. തെക്കൻ [[ചൈന]]യിലും ജപ്പാനിലും ഇത് തദ്ദേശീയമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name="POWO_465429-1" >{{cite POWO |id=465429-1 |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.morrisarboretum.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/PlantCatalogue-21-1.pdf |title=Catalogue of Plants in the Living Collection January 2021 |last1=Goff |first1=Elinor I. |date=28 January 2021 |website=morrisarboretum.org |publisher=Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> സാധാരണയായി 4.5 മുതൽ 7.5 മീറ്റർ വരെ (15 മുതൽ 25 അടി വരെ) ഉയരമുള്ള ഈ ഇലപൊഴിയും കുറ്റിച്ചെടി, USDA ഹാർഡിനസ് സോൺ 8-ൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നതാണ്.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/lindera/lindera-praecox |title=''Lindera praecox'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Blume |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=11 March 2023 }}</ref> കാട്ടിൽ, കുന്നുകളുടെയും മലകളുടെയും ചരിവുകളിലും, അരുവികളുടെയും തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും തീരങ്ങളിലും കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളിലും ഇവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |title=Useful Temperate Plants ''Lindera praecox'' (Siebold.&Zucc.)Blume. Lauraceae |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |date=12 October 2022 |website=temperate.theferns.info |publisher=Temperate Plants Database |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311073637/https://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Lindera+praecox |url-status=dead }}</ref> സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി നഴ്സറികളിൽ ഇത് ലഭ്യമാണ്.<ref name="RHS_50028" >{{cite web |title=''Lindera praecox'' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/50028/i-lindera-praecox-i/details |date=2023 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=11 March 2023 |quote=1 suppliers }}</ref> {{Gallery |Lindera praecox 3.JPG|Bark is warty |Lindera praecox 4.JPG|Fruit are also warty |Lindera praecox 2.JPG|Female flowers |Lindera praecox - Arnold Arboretum - DSC06757.JPG|Habit |Lindera praecox kz01.jpg|At [[Dunedin Botanic Garden]] }} ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10935819}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:ജപ്പാനിലെ സസ്യജാലം]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ലോറേസീ]] geh6nvsmkj7lbn4w3br1acicmdllo7r 0 616569 4644226 4587692 2026-07-07T15:26:25Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs Image}} {{Infobox film | image = Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha.jpeg | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval]] | writer = Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval | producer = Emmanuel Joseph <br/> Ajith Thalappilly | starring = [[Rajesh Madhavan]]<br/>Chithra Nair | cinematography = Sabin Uralikandy | editing = Akash Thomas | music = [[Dawn Vincent]] | studio = Silver Bay Studios <br/>Silver Bromide Pictures | distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies through Dream Big Films<br/>Phars Films (Overseas) [[Yash Raj Films]] (UK/Europe) | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|05|16}} | country = India | language = Malayalam | budget = }} 2024 ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രമാണ് '''സുരേശന്റെയും സുമലതയുടെയും ഹൃദയഹാരിയായ പ്രണയകഥ'''. [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval|രതീഷ് ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ പൊതുവാളാണ്]] ഈ സിനിമയുടെ രചനയും സംവിധാനവും നിർവഹിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. രാജേഷ് മാധവൻ, ചിത്ര നായർ, സുധീഷ് കോഴിക്കോട് എന്നിവരാണ് ഈ സിനമയിലെ പ്രധാന കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളെ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. 2024 മെയ് 14നാണ് ഈ സിനിമയുടെ റിലീസ് നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadha-official-trailer/videoshow/109238852.cms|title=Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha - Official Trailer {{!}} Malayalam Movie News - Times of India|access-date=2024-04-12|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/04/12/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadha-trailer.html|title=കമിതാക്കളായി സുരേശനും സുമലതയും; അതിഥി താരമായി ചാക്കോച്ചൻ; ട്രെയിലർ|access-date=2024-04-12|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/sureshanteyum-sumalatha-yudeyum-hridhaya-hariyaya-pranayakadha-is-a-spin-off-movie-says-director-ratheesh/|title='Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hridhayahariyaya Pranayakadha' is a spin-off movie, says director Ratheesh|access-date=2024-04-12|last=Ramachandran|first=Arjun|date=2023-05-29|website=The South First|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadhas-trailer-out-hrk-sbtmi4|title=Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadhas trailer out: സുരേശന്റെയും സുമലതയുടെയും ഹൃദയഹാരിയായ പ്രണയകഥയുടെ ട്രെയിലർ പുറത്ത്|access-date=2024-04-12|website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref> == അഭിനേതാക്കൾ == * [[രാജേഷ് മാധവൻ]]-സുരേശൻ കാവുന്തഴെ * [[ചിത്ര നായർ]]-സുമലത * [[സുധീഷ്|സുധീഷ് കോഴിക്കോട്]] * [[ജിനു ജോസഫ്]] * ശരണ്യ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ == കഥാസാരം == സുരേശനും സുമലതയും തമ്മിലുള്ള പ്രണയകഥയാണ് ഈ ചലച്ചിത്രം പ്രധാനമായും വിവരിക്കുന്നത്. [[ന്നാ താൻ കേസ് കൊട്|ന്നാതാൻ കേസ് കൊട്]] എന്ന സിനിമയിലെ രണ്ട് ഉപകഥാപാത്രങ്ങളായ സുരേശൻ കാവുന്തഴെ, സുമലത എന്നിവരുടെ കഥയാണ് ഈ ചിത്രം പറയുന്നത്. == അവലംബങ്ങൾ == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{IMDb title|tt27881574}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:2020-കളിൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2024-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ]] emvvyfiu5saq74rviu1l0e8eg7w6nbo 4644230 4644226 2026-07-07T15:31:06Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha.jpeg | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval]] | writer = Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval | producer = Emmanuel Joseph <br/> Ajith Thalappilly | starring = [[Rajesh Madhavan]]<br/>Chithra Nair | cinematography = Sabin Uralikandy | editing = Akash Thomas | music = [[Dawn Vincent]] | studio = Silver Bay Studios <br/>Silver Bromide Pictures | distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies through Dream Big Films<br/>Phars Films (Overseas) [[Yash Raj Films]] (UK/Europe) | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|05|16}} | country = India | language = Malayalam | budget = }} 2024 ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാള ചലച്ചിത്രമാണ് '''സുരേശന്റെയും സുമലതയുടെയും ഹൃദയഹാരിയായ പ്രണയകഥ'''. [[Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval|രതീഷ് ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ പൊതുവാളാണ്]] ഈ സിനിമയുടെ രചനയും സംവിധാനവും നിർവഹിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. രാജേഷ് മാധവൻ, ചിത്ര നായർ, സുധീഷ് കോഴിക്കോട് എന്നിവരാണ് ഈ സിനമയിലെ പ്രധാന കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളെ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. 2024 മെയ് 14നാണ് ഈ സിനിമയുടെ റിലീസ് നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadha-official-trailer/videoshow/109238852.cms|title=Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha - Official Trailer {{!}} Malayalam Movie News - Times of India|access-date=2024-04-12|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/04/12/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadha-trailer.html|title=കമിതാക്കളായി സുരേശനും സുമലതയും; അതിഥി താരമായി ചാക്കോച്ചൻ; ട്രെയിലർ|access-date=2024-04-12|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/sureshanteyum-sumalatha-yudeyum-hridhaya-hariyaya-pranayakadha-is-a-spin-off-movie-says-director-ratheesh/|title='Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hridhayahariyaya Pranayakadha' is a spin-off movie, says director Ratheesh|access-date=2024-04-12|last=Ramachandran|first=Arjun|date=2023-05-29|website=The South First|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadhas-trailer-out-hrk-sbtmi4|title=Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadhas trailer out: സുരേശന്റെയും സുമലതയുടെയും ഹൃദയഹാരിയായ പ്രണയകഥയുടെ ട്രെയിലർ പുറത്ത്|access-date=2024-04-12|website=www.asianetnews.com}}</ref> == അഭിനേതാക്കൾ == * [[രാജേഷ് മാധവൻ]]-സുരേശൻ കാവുന്തഴെ * [[ചിത്ര നായർ]]-സുമലത * [[സുധീഷ്|സുധീഷ് കോഴിക്കോട്]] * [[ജിനു ജോസഫ്]] * ശരണ്യ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ == കഥാസാരം == സുരേശനും സുമലതയും തമ്മിലുള്ള പ്രണയകഥയാണ് ഈ ചലച്ചിത്രം പ്രധാനമായും വിവരിക്കുന്നത്. [[ന്നാ താൻ കേസ് കൊട്|ന്നാതാൻ കേസ് കൊട്]] എന്ന സിനിമയിലെ രണ്ട് ഉപകഥാപാത്രങ്ങളായ സുരേശൻ കാവുന്തഴെ, സുമലത എന്നിവരുടെ കഥയാണ് ഈ ചിത്രം പറയുന്നത്. == അവലംബങ്ങൾ == {{Reflist}} == പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ == {{IMDb title|tt27881574}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:2020-കളിൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2024-ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ മലയാളചലച്ചിത്രങ്ങൾ]] 168yp6v7dqu5d2gyo84u6jb2jbxoqnc 0 629302 4644297 4626354 2026-07-08T04:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notability|date=ഡിസംബർ 2024}} [[മലയാളം|മലയാളത്തിലെ]] ഒരു പ്രവാസി എഴുത്തുകാരനാണ് '''ഡാനിയേൽ സാമുവേൽ''' എന്ന '''കാരൂർ സോമൻ.'''<ref name=malayalamnewsdaily-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/566566/kerala/karoor-soman |title = കാരൂർ സോമന് യു.ആർ.എഫ് ലോക റിക്കോർഡ് സമ്മാനിച്ചു.|publisher = malayalam news daily|date = 2022-01-18|language = മലയാളം}}</ref><ref name=manorama-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/alappuzha/2022/01/18/alappuzha-mavelikara-urf-world-record-for-karur-soman.html|title = സാഹിത്യകാരൻ കാരൂർ സോമന് യു.ആർ.എഫ് ലോക റിക്കോർഡ് സമ്മാനിച്ചു.|publisher = manorama|date = 2022-01-18|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-25|archive-date = 2022-05-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220522110434/https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/alappuzha/2022/01/18/alappuzha-mavelikara-urf-world-record-for-karur-soman.html|url-status = bot: unknown}}</ref> [[ലണ്ടൻ|ലണ്ടനിൽ]] സ്ഥിരതാമസക്കാരനായ അദ്ദേഹം [[യൂണിവേഴ്സൽ റെക്കോർഡ്സ് ഫോറം|യൂണിവേഴ്സൽ റെക്കോർഡ്സ് ഫോറത്തിന്റെ]] അവാർഡ് നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name=malayalamnewsdaily-1"/><ref name=manorama-1"/> ഒരു ദിവസം ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ പ്രകാശനം ചെയ്തതിന്റെ ലോകറെക്കോർഡ് ആണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിനെ അവാർഡിന് അർഹമാക്കിയത്. അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ മുപ്പത്തിനാല് പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ ഒരേ ദിവസം തന്നെ പ്രകാശനം ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. ലിമ വേൾഡ് ലൈബ്രറി ഓൺലൈൻ പത്രം, കെ.പി. ആമസോൺ പബ്ലിക്കേഷൻസ്, കാരൂർ പബ്ലിക്കേഷൻസ് എന്നിവയുടെ ചീഫ് എഡിറ്റർ കൂടിയാണ് ഇദ്ദേഹം.<ref name=malayalamnewsdaily-1"/><ref name=manorama-1"/> സാഹിത്യചോരണം നടത്തി പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു എന്ന ആരോപണം നേരിടുന്ന ഒരു വ്യക്തിയാണ് കാരൂർ സോമൻ. എന്നാൽ ഈ ആരോപണം സോമൻ നിഷേധിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>[https://malayalam.samayam.com/latest-news/kerala-news/plagiarism-accusation-against-karoor-soman-press-meet-by-blogger-niraksharan-manoj-ravindran/articleshow/62821918.cms സാഹിത്യം മോഷ്‍ടിക്കുന്നവരെ തിരിച്ചറിയേണ്ടേ?]</ref><ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/word-word-kerala-blogger-accuses-uk-based-writer-plagiarising-his-work-73905 Word by word: Kerala blogger accuses UK-based writer of plagiarising his work] </ref><ref>[http://niraksharan.in/?p=5702 സോമനടി – കഥ ഇതുവരെ]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/media/copyright-violation-one-more-blogger-sue-karoor-soman-book-publisher-190222.html|title=മാതൃഭൂമി അച്ചടിച്ച കാരൂർ സോമന്റെ പുസ്തകത്തിൽ വീണ്ടും കോപ്പിയടി.. തെളിവുമായി മൂന്നാമത്തെ ബ്ലോഗറും!|access-date=2024-11-30|last=Maloth|first=Muralikrishna|date=2018-01-03|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/mathrubhumi-withdraw-the-copies-of-karoor-soman-s-book/696213|title=കോപ്പിയടി വിവാദം : മാതൃഭൂമി പുസ്തകം പിൻവലിച്ചു; കോപ്പിയടിച്ചത് പേരുപോലും മാറ്റാതെ|access-date=2024-11-30|language=ml|archive-date=2024-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130054804/https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/mathrubhumi-withdraw-the-copies-of-karoor-soman-s-book/696213|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emalayalee.com/vartha/154854|title=കോപ്പിയടി വിവാദം : മാതൃഭൂമി പുസ്‌തകം പിൻവലിച്ചു|access-date=2024-11-30|date=2017-12-30|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southlive.in/newsroom/kerala/mathrubhumi-books-kerala|title=കോപ്പിയടി വിവാദം; മാതൃഭൂമി ബുക്‌സ് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച പുസ്തകം പിൻവലിച്ചു|access-date=2024-11-30|last=Southlive|date=2017-12-30|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/media/content-infringement-blogger-manoj-ravindran-niraksharan-to-sue-book-publishers-189831.html|title=ബ്ലോഗിൽ നിന്നും കോപ്പിയടിച്ച് പുസ്തകം; കാരൂർ സോമനും മാതൃഭൂമിക്കുമെതിരെ ബ്ലോഗർ നിരക്ഷരൻ നിയമനടപടിക്ക്|access-date=2024-11-30|last=Maaloth|first=Muralikrishna|date=2017-12-29|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/trivandrum/2017/dec/31/405889|title='അടിച്ചുമാറ്റിയ' യാ​ത്രാവിവരണം പ്രസാധകർ പിൻവലിച്ചു {{!}} Madhyamam|access-date=2024-11-30|last=ഡെസ്ക്|first=വെബ്|date=2017-12-31|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southlive.in/mirror/social-stream/copyright-controversy-karoor-soman-and-mathrubhumi|title=എഴുത്തുകാരൻ കാരൂർ സോമനെതിരെ കോപ്പിഅടി ആരോപണവുമായി ബ്ലോഗർ മനോജ് നിരക്ഷരൻ|access-date=2024-11-30|last=Southlive|date=2017-12-29|language=ml}}</ref> == ജീവിതരേഖ == [[മാവേലിക്കര]] [[ചാരുംമൂട്|ചാരുംമൂടിലെ]] സാമുവേലിന്റെയും റെയ്ച്ചലിന്റെയും മകനായ ഡാനിയേൽ, കാരൂർ സോമൻ എന്ന പേരിൽ ഹൈസ്കൂൾ കാലം തൊട്ട് റേഡിയോ നാടകങ്ങളിൽ പങ്കെടുത്തും [[ബാലരമ|ബാലരമയിൽ]] കവിതകൾ എഴുതിയുമാണ് കലാ- സാഹിത്യരംഗത്തേക്കു പ്രവേശിച്ചത്. അക്കാലത്തു അദ്ദേഹം അവതരിപ്പിച്ച ''കർട്ടനിടൂ,'' ''കാർമേഘം'' എന്നീ റേഡിയോ നാടകങ്ങൾ ഏറെ ജനപ്രീതി നേടിയിരുന്നു.<ref name=nrimalayalee-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.nrimalayalee.com/karoor-soman-silvar-jubilee.html |title = കാരൂർ രജതജൂബിലി ആഘോഷിച്ചു|publisher = NRI Malayalee|date = 2021-09-01|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> പോലീസിന്റെ കിരാത വാഴ്ച്ചയെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി 1972ൽ എഴുതിയ ഇരുളടഞ്ഞ താഴ്വര എന്ന സ്റ്റേജ് നാടകം ഏറെ വിവാദമാകുകയും ഭീഷിണി ഉണ്ടാകുകയും ചെയ്തതിനെ തുടർന്ന് സ്വദേശത്തുനിന്നും കാരൂരിനു [[റാഞ്ചി]]യിലേക്ക് പോകേണ്ടതായി വന്നിരുന്നു.<ref name=nrimalayalee-1"/> ഇതിനോടകം, നാടകം, സംഗീത നാടകം, നോവൽ, കുട്ടികളുടെ നോവൽ, കഥ, ചരിത്രകഥ, കവിത, യാത്രാവിവരണം, ലേഖനം, ജീവചരിത്രം, ആത്മകഥ, ശാസ്ത്ര- സാങ്കേതികം, കായികം, ടൂറിസം തുടങ്ങിയ പന്ത്രണ്ട് മേഖലകളിലായി അറുപത്തിയെട്ട് കൃതികൾ രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name=deepika-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.deepika.com/feature/SamskarikamInfo.aspx?ID=1872&CID=2 |title = പ്രവാസ സാഹിത്യത്തിലെ അക്ഷരമുന്നേറ്റങ്ങൾ|publisher = Deepika|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> 1985 മുതൽ അദ്ദേഹം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ 'ക' എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ഇറങ്ങിയിട്ടുള്ളത്. ഇതിലെ മൂന്ന് പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ ഇംഗ്ലീഷിലേക്കു മൊഴിമാറ്റം ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. കൂടാതെ, ഇംഗ്ലീഷിലും കഥയും നോവലും എഴുതിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. [[മാധ്യമം ദിനപത്രം|മാധ്യമം ദിനപത്രത്തിനു]] വേണ്ടി 2012ലെ [[ലണ്ടൻ ഒളിമ്പിക്സ്]] റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുകയുണ്ടായി. 1990ൽ പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയ, കാരൂർ സോമന്റെ കണ്ണീർപ്പൂക്കൾ എന്ന ആദ്യത്തെ നോവലിന് [[തകഴി ശിവശങ്കരപ്പിള്ള|തകഴി ശിവശങ്കരപ്പിള്ളയാണ്]] അവതാരികയെഴുതിയത്.<ref name=deepika-1"/> 1996ൽ അസെന്റ് ബുക്ക്സ് ഗൾഫിൽ നിന്നും പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച, മലയാളത്തിലെ ആദ്യ സംഗീത നാടകമായ കടലിനക്കരെ എംബസി സ്കൂൾ എന്ന കൃതിക്ക് അവതാരികയെഴുതിയത്, [[തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസി|തോപ്പിൽ ഭാസിയാണ്]].<ref name=deepika-1"/> ഓമനയാണ് ഭാര്യ. രാജീവ്, സിമ്മി, സിബിൻ എന്നിവർ മക്കളും സോണി, രാജീവ് എന്നിവർ മരുമക്കളുമാണ്.<ref name=malayalamnewsdaily-1"/><ref name=manorama-1"/> പ്രശസ്തരായ പല എഴുത്തുകാരുടേയും രചനകൾ മോഷ്ടിച്ചെടുത്തു പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചതിൻറെ പേരിൽ കേരളഹൈക്കോടതിയിൽ ഇദ്ദേഹം നിയമനടപടികൾ നേരിടുന്നുണ്ട്. ==പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ== ===മലയാളം=== * 2012 - ''കാവൽ മാലാഖ'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-5">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=286345|title = Katalas/ Karoor Soman.|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250417001519/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=286345|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2013 - ''കടലാസ്'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-4">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=2548|title = Kaval malakha / Karoor Soman|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416125845/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=2548|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2014 ''ചാന്ദ്രായാൻ''<ref name=keralabookstore-1">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/ചാന്ദ്രായാൻ/4703/|title =ചാന്ദ്രായാൻ|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2015 - ''കാണപ്പുറങ്ങൾ'' <ref name=emalayalee-1">{{cite web|url = https://emalayalee.com/vartha/300189|title ='ലോകസഞ്ചാരിയായ സാഹിത്യകാരൻ' - മേരി അലക്സ് മണിയ|publisher = Emalayalee|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2015 - ''കിളിക്കൊഞ്ചൽ'' (ബാലസാഹിത്യം )<ref name=keralabookstore-2">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/കിളിക്കൊഞ്ചൽ/7064/|title =കിളിക്കൊഞ്ചൽ|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2015 - ''കേരള ടൂറിസം ആന്റ് ഹോസ്പിറ്റാലിറ്റി'' (ടൂറിസം )<ref name=keralabookstore-3">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/കേരള-ടൂറിസം-ആന്റ്-ഹോസ്പിറ്റാലിറ്റി/7531/|title =കേരള ടൂറിസം ആന്റ് ഹോസ്പിറ്റാലിറ്റി|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2015 & 2016 - ''സ്പെയിൻ കാളപ്പോരിന്റെ നാട്'' (യാത്രാ വിവരണം )<ref name=keralabookstore-4">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/സ്പെയിൻ-കാളപ്പോരിന്റെ-നാട്/6584/|title =സ്പെയിൻ കാളപ്പോരിന്റെ നാട്|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref><ref name=manorama-2"/> * 2016- ''ഫ്രാൻസ് ചരിത്ര ഗ്രന്ഥം കാൽപനികതയുടെ കവാടം'' <ref name=manorama-2">{{cite web|url = https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/bok-release-karoor-soman.html |title = എഴുത്തുകാർ ദാർശനിക ബോധമുളളവരാകണം : സ്പീക്കർ ശ്രീരാമകൃഷ്ണൻ|publisher = manorama|date = 2016-08-02|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2017 - ''കാമനയുടെ സ്ത്രീപർവം''<ref name=keralabookstore-5">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/കാമനയുടെ-സ്ത്രീപർവം/9709/|title =കാമനയുടെ സ്ത്രീപർവം|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2017 - ''കടലിനക്കരെ ഇക്കരെ''<ref name=keralabookstore-6">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/കടലിനക്കരെ-ഇക്കരെ/9710/|title =കടലിനക്കരെ ഇക്കരെ|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2017 - ''സിനിമ ഇന്നലെ ഇന്ന് നാളെ'' <ref name=keralabookstore-7">{{cite web|url = https://keralabookstore.com/book/സിനിമ-ഇന്നലെ-ഇന്ന്-നാളെ/9711/|title =സിനിമ ഇന്നലെ ഇന്ന് നാളെ|publisher = kerala book store|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> * 2019 - ''കഥാകാരന്റെ കനൽവഴികൾ'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-6">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=324425|title = Kadhakarante kanalvazhikal / Karoor Soman|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416123131/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=324425|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2019 - ''കാലാന്തരങ്ങൾ'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-7">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=324660|title = Kalantharangal / Karoor Soman|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416122057/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=324660|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2020 - ''കന്യാദളങ്ങൾ'' <ref name="statelibrary.kerala-8&quot;">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=331395|title = Kanyadelangal / Karoor Soman|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416122100/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=331395|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2021 - ''കുഞ്ഞിളം ദ്വീപുകൾ'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-1">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342687|title = കുഞ്ഞിളം ദ്വീപുകൾ / കാരൂർ സോമൻ|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416122835/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342687|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2021 - ''കാലത്തിന്റെ കണ്ണാടി'' <ref name=janayugomonline-1">{{cite web|url = https://janayugomonline.com/kalathinte-kannadi/|title = കാലത്തിന്റെ കണ്ണാടി|date = 2022-08-09|publisher = Janayugom Daily|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-28|archive-date = 2024-12-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241203203236/https://janayugomonline.com/kalathinte-kannadi/|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2022 - ''കാരിരുമ്പിന്റെ കരുത്ത് സർദാർ പട്ടേൽ (ജീവചരിത്രം)'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-2">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342694|title = കാരിരുമ്പിന്റെ കരുത്ത് : സർദാർ പട്ടേൽ (ജീവചരിത്രം) / കാരൂർ സോമൻ|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416122851/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342694|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2022 - ''കന്യാസ്ത്രീ കാർമേൽ'' <ref name=statelibrary.kerala-3">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342508|title = കന്യാസ്ത്രീ കാർമേൽ / കാരൂർ സോമൻ|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416121028/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=342508|url-status = dead}}</ref> * 2024 ''കാർപ്പാത്തിയൻ പർവ്വത നിരകളിലൂടെ'' <ref name=malayalamdailynews-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.malayalamdailynews.com/697913/ |title = കാർപ്പാത്തിയൻ പർവ്വത നിരകളിലൂടെ(പുസ്തക പരിചയം): മിനി സുരേഷ്|publisher = Malayalam Daily News|date = 2024-09-30|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> ===ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പരിഭാഷ=== * '''''Dove and the Devils''''' -'കന്യാസ്ത്രീ കാർമേൽ' എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിന്റെ പരിഭാഷ. (പരിഭാഷക: രാധാമണി കുഞ്ഞമ്മ)<ref name=statelibrary.kerala-9">{{cite web|url = https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=341720|title = Dove and the devils / Karoor Soman; translated by Radhamani Kunjamma|publisher = Kerala State Library|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-27|archive-date = 2025-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250416121308/https://catalogue.statelibrary.kerala.gov.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=341720|url-status = dead}}</ref> * '''''Malabar Aflame''''' - 'കാണപ്പുറങ്ങൾ' എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിന്റെ പരിഭാഷ.<ref name="mediahouse-1&quot;">{{cite web|url = https://www.mediahouse.online/product/malabar-aflame/|title = Malabar Aflame|publisher = Media House|language = ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്|access-date = 2024-11-28|archive-date = 2024-12-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241204044836/https://www.mediahouse.online/product/malabar-aflame/|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==സാഹിത്യചോരണ വിവാദം== 2016ൽ [[മാതൃഭൂമി ദിനപ്പത്രം|മാതൃഭൂമി ബുക്ക്സ്]] പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച കാരൂർ സോമന്റെ, [[സ്പെയിൻ കാളപ്പോരിന്റെ നാട്]] എന്ന യാത്രാവിവരണ കൃതിയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് ഒരു വിവാദം ഉയരുകയും അത് വലിയ തോതിൽ ചർച്ച ചെയ്യപ്പെടുകയുമുണ്ടായി.<ref name=thenewsminute-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/word-word-kerala-blogger-accuses-uk-based-writer-plagiarising-his-work-73905 |title =Word by word: Kerala blogger accuses UK-based writer of plagiarising his work|publisher = The News Minute|date = 2017-12-29|language = English}}</ref> ഈ പുസ്തകത്തിലെ രണ്ടും മൂന്നും അധ്യായങ്ങൾ പൂർണമായും, അവസാന അധ്യായത്തിലെ ചില ഭാഗങ്ങളും തന്റെ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നിന്നും പകർത്തിയതാണെന്ന് ആരോപിച്ചു കൊണ്ട്, മലയാളത്തിലെ ഒരു യാത്രാവിവരണ സാഹിത്യകാരനും ബ്ലോഗറും വിക്കിപീഡിയനുമായ [[മനോജ് രവീന്ദ്രൻ]] രംഗത്തു വന്നിരുന്നു.<ref name=samakalikamalayalam-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/keralam/2017/Dec/29/ബ്ലോഗ്-പകര്ത്തി-പുസ്തകമാക്കി-കാരൂര്-സോമനും-പ്രസാധകര്ക്കുമെതിരെ-നിരക്ഷരന്-നിയമനടപടിക്ക്-13989.html |title =ബ്ലോഗ് പകർത്തി പുസ്തകമാക്കി; കാരൂർ സോമനും പ്രസാധകർക്കുമെതിരെ നിരക്ഷരൻ നിയമനടപടിക്ക്|publisher = Samakalika Malayalam|date = 2017-12-29|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> 2017ൽ ഉടലെടുത്ത ഈ വിവാദം നിലവിൽ കോടതിനടപടി നേരിട്ടുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:നിരക്ഷരൻ|നിരക്ഷരൻ]] എന്ന പേരിൽ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ|വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ]] ലേഖനങ്ങൾ എഴുതുന്ന മനോജ് രവീന്ദ്രന്റെ നിരക്ഷരൻ എന്ന ബ്ലോഗിൽ നിന്നാണ്, കാരൂർ സോമൻ വിവരങ്ങൾ ശേഖരിച്ചതെന്നാണ് മനോജ് രവീന്ദ്രന്റെ വെളിപ്പെടുത്തൽ. ഇതിനെ തുടർന്ന്, തങ്ങളുടെ ബ്ലോഗുകളിൽ എഴുതിയ ലേഖനങ്ങളിലെ വിവരങ്ങളും ഈ പുസ്തകത്തിലുണ്ടെന്ന് ആരോപിച്ചു കൊണ്ട് സജി തോമസ്, വിനീത് എടത്തിൽ എന്നീ പ്രവാസി മലയാളി ബ്ലോഗർമാരും രംഗത്തു വരികയുണ്ടായി. തുടർന്ന്, ഈ പുസ്തകം മാതൃഭൂമി പിൻവലിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. പുസ്തകത്തിന്റെ രണ്ടാമത്തെ എഡിഷനാണ് പിൻവലിച്ചത്.<ref name=samakalikamalayalam-2">{{cite web|url = https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/keralam/2017/Dec/30/പേരുപോലും-മാറ്റാതെ-കോപ്പിയടിച്ച-പുസ്തകം-മാതൃഭൂമി-പിന്വലിച്ചു-യതാര്ത്ഥ-എഴുത്തുകാരന്-കത്തും-നല്കി-14064.html |title =പേരുപോലും മാറ്റാതെ കോപ്പിയടിച്ച പുസ്തകം മാതൃഭൂമി പിൻവലിച്ചു|publisher = Samakalika Malayalam|date = 2017-12-30|language = മലയാളം}}</ref><ref name=marunadanmalayalee-1">{{cite web|url = https://marunadanmalayalee.com/book-plagiarism-issue-of-kaaroor-soman-93990 |title =കാളപ്പോരു കണ്ട സ്റ്റേഡിയത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ലൈവ് വീഡിയോയുമായി മോഷ്ടിക്കപ്പെട്ട മറ്റൊരു ബ്ളോഗെഴുത്തിന്റെ അവകാശി സജി തോമസും|publisher = Marunadan Malayalee|date = 2017-12-30|language = മലയാളം}}</ref><ref name=malayalam.oneindia-1">{{cite web|url = https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/media/copyright-vioaltion-one-more-blogger-to-sue-karoor-soman-book-publisher-190120.html |title =കാരൂർ സോമന്റെ പുസ്തകത്തിൽ കോപ്പിയടിച്ച 11 യാത്രാവിവരണങ്ങൾ കൂടി, പരാതിയുമായി മറ്റൊരു ബ്ലോഗറും രംഗത്ത്|publisher = One India Malayalam|date = 2018-01-02|language = മലയാളം}}</ref><ref name=malayalam.oneindia-2">{{cite web|url = https://malayalam.oneindia.com/culture/media/copyright-violation-one-more-blogger-sue-karoor-soman-book-publisher-190222.html|title =മാതൃഭൂമി അച്ചടിച്ച കാരൂർ സോമന്റെ പുസ്തകത്തിൽ വീണ്ടും കോപ്പിയടി.. തെളിവുമായി മൂന്നാമത്തെ ബ്ലോഗറും!|publisher = One India Malayalam|date = 2018-01-03|language = മലയാളം}}</ref> മാതൃഭൂമി പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മറ്റൊരു പുസ്തകമായ '''ചന്ദ്രയാൻ''' പ്രഭാത് ബുക്ക് ഹൌസ് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച ഇദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മറ്റൊരു പുസ്തകമായ '''മംഗൾ‌യാൻ''' എന്നിവ വിക്കിപ്പീഡിയ അതേപടി പകർത്തിയെഴുതിയതാണെന്ന് ആരോപണമുണ്ട്. കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് പുറത്തിറക്കിയ ‘ഫ്രാൻസ് – കാൽ‌പ്പനികതയുടെ കവാടം’ എന്ന പുസ്തകത്തിലും തന്റെ യാത്രാവിവരണങ്ങൾ കോപ്പിയടിച്ച് ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ട് എന്നും സുരേഷ് നെല്ലിക്കോട്, സിജോ ജോർജ്ജ് എന്നിവരുടെ ലേഖനങ്ങളും ഇതിൽ കോപ്പിയടിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട് എന്നും [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:നിരക്ഷരൻ|നിരക്ഷരൻ]] അവകാശപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref>{{Citation|last=Niraksharan ManojRavindran|title=Plagiarism by Karoor Soman - കാരൂർ സോമൻ എന്ന കള്ളൻ - 3|date=2018-01-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eirfKpAdo4&t=2s|access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Niraksharan ManojRavindran|title=Plagiarism by Karoor Soman - കാരൂർ സോമൻ എന്ന കള്ളൻ - 2|date=2018-01-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lR-UQiL5Sc|access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Niraksharan ManojRavindran|title=Plagiarism by Karoor Soman - കാരൂർ സോമൻ എന്ന കള്ളൻ - 2|date=2018-01-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lR-UQiL5Sc|access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref> [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:നിരക്ഷരൻ|നിരക്ഷരൻ]] കാരൂർ സോമനെതിരെ നിയമനടപടികൾ തുടരുന്നുണ്ട്, എന്നാൽ, തനിക്കെതിരെയുള്ള ആരോപണങ്ങൾ കാരൂർ സോമൻ നിഷേധിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref name=eastcoastdaily-1">{{cite web|url = https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/literature/2490|title = ബ്ലോഗ് പകർത്തി പുസ്തകമാക്കി; കാരൂർ സോമനും പ്രസാധകർക്കുമെതിരെ നിരക്ഷരൻ നിയമനടപടിക്ക്|publisher = Eastcoast daily|date = 2017-12-29|language = മലയാളം|access-date = 2024-11-26|archive-date = 2024-12-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241201210020/https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/literature/2490|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==അവലംബം== {{reflist}} ==പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ== * [http://niraksharan.in/?cat=91 സാഹിത്യചോരണം Niraksharan Blog] {{writer-stub}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാളസാഹിത്യകാരന്മാർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:മലയാള കഥാകൃത്തുക്കൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ശ്രദ്ധേയത ചോദ്യം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ട ലേഖനങ്ങൾ]] dtcriiqrbv3vjre1uwcn15riln9678q 0 654268 4644366 4513461 2026-07-08T09:30:37Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox |status = EN |status_system = IUCN2.3 |status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |date=1998 |title=''Syzygium beddomei'' |volume=1998 |page=e.T38819A10150912 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38819A10150912.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> |genus = Syzygium |species = beddomei |authority = ([[John Firminger Duthie|Duthie]]) Chithra |synonyms ={{species list|Eugenia beddomei|Duthie |Jambosa beddomei|(Duthie) Gamble}} |synonyms_ref =<ref name=POWO/> }} [[മൈർട്ടേസീ|മിർട്ടേസീ]] കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരിനം സസ്യമാണ് '''''സൈസിജിയം ബെഡ്ഡോമി''''' <ref name=POWO>{{cite web |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1011544-1 |title= Syzygium beddomei (Duthie) Chithra |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=March 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name=COL>{{cite web |url= https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/545R2 |title= Syzygium beddomei (Duthie) Chithra |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Catalogue of Life |publisher=Species 2000 |access-date=March 30, 2024}}</ref> [[തമിഴ്‌നാട്|തമി]]<nowiki/>ഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ [[തിരുനെൽ‌വേലി|തിരുനെൽവേലിയിൽ]] മാത്രം കണ്ടിരുന്ന ഈ സസ്യത്തെ വംശനാശം സംഭവിച്ചതായാണ് കരുതിയിരുന്നത്. എന്നാൽ തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ തന്നെ അഗസ്ത്യമല ബയോസ്ഫിയർ റിസർവിലെ കന്യാകുമാരി വനമേഖലയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരു നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനുശേഷം ഇതിനെ വീണ്ടും കണ്ടെത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>Rajakumar, T.J.S., Selvakumari, R. and Murugesan, S., 2015. Rediscovery of a presumably extinct species Syzygium beddomei (Duthie) Chithra (Mytraceae) after a lapse of 100 years from Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India.</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:സൈസീജിയം]] lce8pdmdgwfg2qokfpzx3rbfx6g5ywt 0 658551 4644313 4557792 2026-07-08T05:52:18Z InternetArchiveBot 146798 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 4644313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|Kuttamassery Narayana Pisharody}} തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ സംസ്കൃത കോളേജ് പ്രിൻസിപ്പലായിരുന്നു '''കുട്ടമശ്ശേരി നാരായണപ്പിഷാരടി'''. കുട്ടമശ്ശേരി നാരായണപ്പിഷാരടിയാണ് [[ചക്രവാകസന്ദേശം|കോകസന്ദേശം]] കണ്ടെടുത്ത് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്നത്. 1118 (1943) തുലാം ലക്കത്തിൽ പരിഷത്ത് ത്രൈമാസികത്തിലും 1954 മാർച്ച് ലക്കം ഭാഷാത്രൈമാസികത്തിലും കോകസന്ദേശം പ്രസിദ്ധപ്പെടുത്തി. ==ജീവിതരേഖ== തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ കൊട്ടാരത്തിലെ ആസ്ഥാന പണ്ഡിതനായിരുന്ന [[സഹൃദയതിലകൻ രാമ പിഷാരടി |സഹൃദയതിലകൻ രാമ പിഷാരടിയുടെയും]] ഇച്ചുകുട്ടി പിഷാരസ്യരുടെയും മകനാണ്. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pisharodysamajam.com/legend/sahrudayathilakan-rama-pisharody/ |title=ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ് |access-date=2025-08-18 |archive-date=2025-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911154456/https://www.pisharodysamajam.com/legend/sahrudayathilakan-rama-pisharody/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==കൃതികൾ== * ശ്രീ കരുണാമൃതം<ref>https://find.uoc.ac.in/Author/Home?author=Kuttamassery+Narayanapisharadi</ref> * അമൃത ലഹരി ==അവലംബം== <references/> [[വർഗ്ഗം:സംസ്കൃതപണ്ഡിതർ]] k741ao178f1vbqgawfro9j1jp5qv070 0 664734 4644320 4606232 2026-07-08T06:42:51Z Diya Laneesh 212412 4644320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Blue-throated bee-eater (Merops viridis).jpg | image_caption = Danum Valley, [[Borneo]], Malaysia | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Merops viridis'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22725900A263612362 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725900A263612362.en |access-date=14 December 2025}}</ref> | taxon = Merops viridis | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | range_map = Blue-throated bee-eater range map.png | range_map_caption = Resident distribution in red, and additional summer breeding distribution in blue, of blue-throated bee-eaters in Southeast Asia | synonyms = Chestnut-headed bee-eater }} പാറ്റപിടിയൻ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരിനം [[പക്ഷി]]<nowiki/>യാണ് നീലകണ്ഠൻ വേലിത്തത്ത ('''''മെറോപ്സ് വിരിഡിസ്'''''). ഇവ [[തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ|തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യ]]<nowiki/>യിലെ പല പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും , പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് ഉപോഷ്ണമേഖലയിലെയും ഉഷ്ണമേഖലയിലെയും കണ്ടൽക്കാടുകളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പ്രധാന ആഹാരം [[അന്തോഫില|തേനീച്ചകൾ]], [[കടന്നലുകൾ]], [[തുമ്പി|തുമ്പികൾ]] എന്നിവയാണ്. നീലകണ്ഠൻ വേലിത്തത്ത ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളവയാണ്, കൂടാതെ മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ചുവപ്പു കലർന്ന തവിട്ടു നിറമുള്ള തലയുടെ പിൻഭാഗം, കടും പച്ച നിറമുള്ള ചിറകുകൾ , ഇളം പച്ച നിറമുള്ള മാറിടം , നീല നിറമുള്ള കഴുത്ത് എന്നിവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കുഞ്ഞു പക്ഷികൾക്ക് കടും പച്ച നിറമുള്ള തലയും ചിറകുകളും, ഇളം പച്ച നിറമുള്ള മാറിടവും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയ്ക്ക് പല തരം ശബ്ദങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്, ശബ്ദങ്ങളുടെ സഹായത്താൽ വനത്തിൽ ദൂരെയുള്ള മറ്റു പക്ഷികളുമായി ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്താൻ സാധിക്കുന്നു. 2024 ലെ കണക്കുകൾ പ്രകാരം,ഇവയുടെ വ്യാപകമായ വിതരണവും വലിയ അംഗസംഖ്യയും ആയതിനാൽ അപകടഭീക്ഷണി കുറവാണ്. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, വനനശീകരണം ഇവയുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയെ നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനാൽ, ഭാവിയിൽ അപകടഭീക്ഷണിയായേക്കാം. === വർഗ്ഗീകരണം === 1785 ൽ പ്രകൃതിശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ കാൾ ലിന്നേയസ് തന്റെ സിസ്റ്റമാ നച്ചുറെ എന്ന ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിന്റെ പത്താമത്തെ പതിപ്പിൽ ശാസ്ത്രീയമായി പ്രതിപാദിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. അത് പ്രകാരം ഇവയുടെ ദ്വിനാമ ശാസ്ത്രീയ നാമം മെറൊപ്സ് വിറിദിസ് എന്നാണ് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Linné |first=Carl von |url=https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.559 |title=Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |date=1767 |publisher=Typis Ioannis Thomae |location=Vindobonae [Vienna]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Alden H. |date=1946-01-04 |title=<i>Check-List of Birds of the World</i> . (Vol. 5.) James Lee Peters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1945. Pp. xi + 306. $5.00. |url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.103.2662.32.a |journal=Science |volume=103 |issue=2662 |pages=32–32 |doi=10.1126/science.103.2662.32.a |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> ഇന്തോനേഷ്യയിലെ ജാവ ദ്വീപുകളിലാണ് ഇവയെ ആദ്യമായി കണ്ടെത്തിയത്. വിറിദിസ് എന്ന ലറ്റിൻ വാക്കിന്റെ അർത്ഥം പച്ച എന്നാണ്. ഈ സ്പീഷീസുകൾക്ക് അംഗീകരിക്കപെട്ട ഉപവർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ ഇല്ലത്തതിനാൽ, ഇവ ഏകവർഗ്ഗ സ്പീഷീസാണ്. മുൻപ്, ഫിലിപ്പീൻസിൽ കണാപ്പെറടുന്ന [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കു കിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഐ.യു.സി.എൻ. ചുവന്ന പട്ടിക പ്രകാരം സ്ഥിതി ഒട്ടും ആശങ്കാജനകമല്ലാത്ത ജീവികൾ]] nu8hnf986q4dhoxhh3n4mw7lqm1wte0 4644328 4644320 2026-07-08T07:29:28Z Diya Laneesh 212412 4644328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Blue-throated bee-eater (Merops viridis).jpg | image_caption = Danum Valley, [[Borneo]], Malaysia | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Merops viridis'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22725900A263612362 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725900A263612362.en |access-date=14 December 2025}}</ref> | taxon = Merops viridis | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | range_map = Blue-throated bee-eater range map.png | range_map_caption = Resident distribution in red, and additional summer breeding distribution in blue, of blue-throated bee-eaters in Southeast Asia | synonyms = Chestnut-headed bee-eater }} പാറ്റപിടിയൻ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരിനം [[പക്ഷി]]<nowiki/>യാണ് നീലകണ്ഠൻ വേലിത്തത്ത ('''''മെറോപ്സ് വിരിഡിസ്'''''). ഇവ [[തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ|തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യ]]<nowiki/>യിലെ പല പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും , പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് ഉപോഷ്ണമേഖലയിലെയും ഉഷ്ണമേഖലയിലെയും കണ്ടൽക്കാടുകളിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പ്രധാന ആഹാരം [[അന്തോഫില|തേനീച്ചകൾ]], [[കടന്നലുകൾ]], [[തുമ്പി|തുമ്പികൾ]] എന്നിവയാണ്. നീലകണ്ഠൻ വേലിത്തത്ത ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളവയാണ്, കൂടാതെ മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ചുവപ്പു കലർന്ന തവിട്ടു നിറമുള്ള തലയുടെ പിൻഭാഗം, കടും പച്ച നിറമുള്ള ചിറകുകൾ , ഇളം പച്ച നിറമുള്ള മാറിടം , നീല നിറമുള്ള കഴുത്ത് എന്നിവ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കുഞ്ഞു പക്ഷികൾക്ക് കടും പച്ച നിറമുള്ള തലയും ചിറകുകളും, ഇളം പച്ച നിറമുള്ള മാറിടവും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയ്ക്ക് പല തരം ശബ്ദങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്, ശബ്ദങ്ങളുടെ സഹായത്താൽ വനത്തിൽ ദൂരെയുള്ള മറ്റു പക്ഷികളുമായി ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്താൻ സാധിക്കുന്നു. 2024 ലെ കണക്കുകൾ പ്രകാരം,ഇവയുടെ വ്യാപകമായ വിതരണവും വലിയ അംഗസംഖ്യയും ആയതിനാൽ അപകടഭീക്ഷണി കുറവാണ്. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, വനനശീകരണം ഇവയുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയെ നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനാൽ, ഭാവിയിൽ അപകടഭീക്ഷണിയായേക്കാം. === വർഗ്ഗീകരണം === 1785 ൽ പ്രകൃതിശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞനായ കാൾ ലിന്നേയസ് തന്റെ സിസ്റ്റമാ നച്ചുറെ എന്ന ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിന്റെ പത്താമത്തെ പതിപ്പിൽ ശാസ്ത്രീയമായി പ്രതിപാദിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. അത് പ്രകാരം ഇവയുടെ ദ്വിനാമ ശാസ്ത്രീയ നാമം മെറൊപ്സ് വിറിദിസ് എന്നാണ് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Linné |first=Carl von |url=https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.559 |title=Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |date=1767 |publisher=Typis Ioannis Thomae |location=Vindobonae [Vienna]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Alden H. |date=1946-01-04 |title=<i>Check-List of Birds of the World</i> . (Vol. 5.) James Lee Peters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1945. Pp. xi + 306. $5.00. |url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.103.2662.32.a |journal=Science |volume=103 |issue=2662 |pages=32–32 |doi=10.1126/science.103.2662.32.a |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> ഇന്തോനേഷ്യയിലെ ജാവ ദ്വീപുകളിലാണ് ഇവയെ ആദ്യമായി കണ്ടെത്തിയത്. വിറിദിസ് എന്ന ലറ്റിൻ വാക്കിന്റെ അർത്ഥം പച്ച എന്നാണ്. ഈ സ്പീഷീസുകൾക്ക് അംഗീകരിക്കപെട്ട ഉപവർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ ഇല്ലത്തതിനാൽ, ഇവ ഏകവർഗ്ഗ സ്പീഷീസാണ്. മുൻപ്, ഫിലിപ്പീൻസിൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന റുഫോസ് - ക്രൌണ്ണ്ട് ബീ ഈറ്റർ ( മെറോപ്പ്സ് അമേരിക്കാന) നെയും ഇതിനെയും ഒരേ സ്പീഷീസായി കണക്കാക്കിയിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് പഠനങ്ങളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ ഇവ രണ്ട് വ്യത്യസ്ത സ്പീഷീസുകളാണെന്ന് കണ്ടെത്തുകയും അവയെ വേർതിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഇവയെ ചെന്തലയൻ വേലിത്തത്ത. [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കു കിഴക്കൻ ഏഷ്യയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഐ.യു.സി.എൻ. ചുവന്ന പട്ടിക പ്രകാരം സ്ഥിതി ഒട്ടും ആശങ്കാജനകമല്ലാത്ത ജീവികൾ]] iehk7wq0cr29wjsexcmb2rlm8f5zlm8 0 665213 4644237 4643836 2026-07-07T16:06:47Z Sneha Forestry 184179 /* വിവരണം */ 4644237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = American golden plover | image = American Golden Plover (7458262530).jpg | image_caption = Adult summer plumage, [[Churchill, Manitoba]] | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pluvialis dominica'' | volume = 2016 | article-number = e.T22693740A93420396 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693740A93420396.en |access-date=15 February 2022 }}</ref> | genus = Pluvialis | species = dominica | authority = ([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Müller, PLS]], 1776) | synonyms = ''Pluvialis dominica dominica'' | range_map = Pluvialis dominica map.svg }} '''അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി''' അഥവാ അമേരിക്കൻ ഗോൾഡൻ പ്ലോവർ (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ഡൊമിനിക്ക) ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ള ഒരിനം പ്ലോവറാണ്. മഴ വരുന്ന അവസരങ്ങളിൽ ഇവ കൂട്ടം കൂടി വരും എന്ന ഒരു വിശ്വാസമുള്ളതുകൊണ്ട് "മഴ" എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന പ്ലൂവിയ എന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഇവയുടെ ജനുസ് നാമം കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഡോമിനിക്ക എന്ന സ്പീഷിസ് പേര് [[സാന്റോ ഡൊമനിഗോ|സാന്റോ ഡൊമിംഗോ]] എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തെയാണ് സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്. [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ്|വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസിൽ]] സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഈ പ്രദേശം [[ഹിസ്പാനിയോള]] എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ഇപ്പോൾ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names: From Aalge to Zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |edition=1. Aufl. |location=London}}</ref>. ==ശരീര ഘടന== നീളം : 24–28 cm (9+1⁄2–11 in) ഭാരം : 122–194 g (4+5⁄16–6+13⁄16 oz) ചിറകിന്റെ വിസ്‌തൃതി : 65–67 cm (25+1⁄2–26+1⁄2 in) == വിവരണം == അമേരിക്കൻപൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ മുഖം, കഴുത്ത്, നെഞ്ച്, വയറ് എന്നിവ പ്രജനനകാലത്ത് കറുപ്പുനിറത്തിലാണ്. തലയുടെ മുകൾഭാഗവും കഴുത്തിന്റെ പിൻഭാഗവും വെളുപ്പിൽ സ്വർണ്ണ നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികളോടു കൂടിയതാണ്.അത് നെഞ്ചിന്റെ വശങ്ങളിലേക്ക് നീളുന്നു.പിൻഭാഗത്തും കറുപ്പും വെളുപ്പും പുള്ളികളായി കാണുന്നു. അതിൽ മങ്ങിയ സ്വർണ്ണ പൊട്ടുകളുമുണ്ടാകും. പ്രജനന കാലത്തെ പെൺപക്ഷിയും കാഴ്ചയിൽ ആൺപക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെ തന്നെ ആയിരിക്കും. എന്നാൽ അവയുടെ ദേഹത്തെ കറുപ്പ് നിറം കുറവായിരിക്കും. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഇണപ്പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള മുകൾഭാഗവും, ഇളം ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള അടിഭാഗവും, വെളുത്ത നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുരികവും ഉണ്ടാകും. കൊക്കുകളും തലയും ചെറുതായിരിക്കും. ഇവയ്ക്ക് മറ്റു രണ്ടു പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിവർഗങ്ങളായ യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി, പസഫിക്ക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി എന്നിവയുമായി സാമ്യമുണ്ട്. അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി, യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയെപ്പൊലെ തന്നെയാണ് കാഴ്ചയിൽ എങ്കിലും, വലിപ്പം താരതമ്യേന കുറവായിരിക്കും, അതുപോലെ തന്നെ കാലുകൾക്കു കുറച്ചുകൂടി നീളം കൂടുതലുമായിരിക്കും.യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളുടെ കൈക്കുഴിഭാഗത്ത് വെള്ള തൂവലുകൾ ഉണ്ട്. അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി, പസഫിക്ക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയെക്കൾ സമനമായ ശരീരവും, നീളം കുറഞ്ഞ ചിറകുകളും, കൂടുതൽ നീളമുള്ള കലുകളുമുണ്ട്. സാധരണയായി അതിന്റെ പുറം ഭഗം കൂടൂതൽ മഞ്ഞനിറമുള്ളതയി കണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ കൈക്കുഴി ഭഗത്ത് ചാരനിറം കണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഒരിക്കൽ ഇവയെ ' ലെസർ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി' എന്ന ഒരേ പേരിൽ ഒരേ സ്പീഷീസായി കരുതിയിരുന്നു. പ്രജജനനകാല തൂവലവസ്ഥയിൽ അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ താഴത്തെ വയറും വാലിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും മുഴുവനായും കറുപ്പയിരിക്കും. എന്നാൽ പസഫിക്ക് , യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികൾക്ക് ചെറിയ അളവിൽ വെള്ളുപ്പ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. എന്നൽ ചെറിയ പക്ഷികൾക്ക് പലപ്പോഴും പൂർണ്ണമയും വേനൽ തൂവലവസ്ഥ ലഭിക്കാതെ ഭഗീകമയ രൂപമാത്രമേ ഉണ്ടാക്കൂ. അതിനാൽ കറുപ്പ് നിറം അപൂർണ്ണമായിരിക്കും , അതിനാൽ അവയെ തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടാണ്. മറ്റൊരു വ്യത്യസം, ശരത്കാലത്ത് പ്രജ്ജനനാന്തര തൂവൽ മാറ്റം അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഒരു മാസം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അതിലധികം വൈകിയാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്. ഇത് സാധരണയായി സെപ്റ്റംബർ മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ വരെയാണ്. എന്നാൽ പസഫിക്ക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഇത് ഓഗസ്റ്റിൽ തന്നെ നടക്കും == വിതരണം == അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ പ്രജജനന ആസവ്യവസ്ഥ വടക്കൻ [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയിലും]] [[അലാസ്ക|അലാസ്കയിലുള്ള]] ആർട്ടിക്ക് തുന്ദ്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലാണ്. [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയി]]<nowiki/>ലെ [[ബാഫിൻ ദ്വീപ്]] മുതൽ യൂക്കൺ പ്രദേശവും വടക്കൻ [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കൊളംബിയ]] വരെയും ഇവ് കണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവ വരണ്ടതും തുറന്നതുമായ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ നിലത്തണ് കൂട് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. ഇവ ദേശടന പക്ഷികളാണ്. ശീതകാലത്ത് ഇവ [[തെക്കേ അമേരിക്ക|തെക്കൻ അമേരിക്ക]]<nowiki/>യിലേക്കണ് പോകുന്നത്. ഇവ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ള ദേശടന പാത പിന്തുടാരുന്നു. വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള യാത്രയിൽ [[ജനുവരി]] മുതൽ [[ഏപ്രിൽ]] വരെ ഇവ [[മദ്ധ്യ അമേരിക്ക]] വഴി സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. പിന്നീട് വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള അവസാന യത്രയ്ക്ക് മുൻപ് ഇലിനോയിസ് പോലുള്ള സ്ഥലങ്ങള്ളിൽ വലിയ കൂട്ടങ്ങള്ളായി തങ്ങാറുണ്ട്. ശരത്കാലത്ത് ഇവ കൂടുതൽ കിഴക്കൻ ദിശയിലുള്ള പാത പിന്തുടരുന്നു. പ്രധാനമായും പശ്ചിമ അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക് സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും കരീബിയൻ സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും മുകളിലൂടെ പറന്ന് [[പാറ്റഗോണിയ മരുഭൂമി|പാറ്റഗോണി]]<nowiki/>യയിലെ ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലേക്കാണ് എത്തുന്നത്. ഈ പക്ഷിക്ക് ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും നീളം കൂടിയ ദേശാടന പാതകളിലൊന്നുണ്ട് — ഏകദേശം 40,000 കിലോമീറ്റർ വരെ. ഇതിൽ ഏകദേശം 3,900 കിലോമീറ്റർ തുറന്ന സമുദ്രത്തിന് മുകളിലൂടെ ആണ്, അവിടെ ഭക്ഷിക്കാനോ കുടിക്കാനോ ഇവക്ക് നിർത്താൻ കഴിയില്ല. യാത്രയ്ക്കുമുമ്പ് ശരീരത്തിൽ സംഭരിക്കുന്ന കൊഴുപ്പിന്റെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഈ ദീർഘയാത്ര നടത്തുന്നത്. ഇത് പശ്ചിമ യൂറോപ്പിൽ ശരത്കാലത്ത് സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നെങ്കിലും വളരെ അപൂർവമായ ദേശാടന പക്ഷിയാണ്. സാധാരണയായി ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടനിൽ വർഷത്തിൽ ഏകദേശം 20–25 തവണ മാത്രമേ ഇവയെ കാണാറുള്ളൂ. വസന്തകാലത്തിലെ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തലുകൾ ഇതിലും അപൂർവമാണ്. ദേശാടന സമയങ്ങളും രീതികളും താരതമ്യം ചെയ്തപ്പോൾ, എസ്കിമോ കർല്യൂസ് എന്ന പക്ഷിയും അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി ഒരുപോലെ തന്നെയാണ് . 1492-ൽ [[ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസ്|ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസിന്റെ]] ശ്രദ്ധ സമീപമുള്ള അമേരിക്കൻ ഭൂഖണ്ഡങ്ങളിലേക്കാകർഷിച്ചതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നത്. അന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം 65 ദിവസം കരഭൂമി കാണാതെ കടലിൽ സഞ്ചരിച്ച ശേഷമാണ് ഇത് സംഭവിച്ചത് == പെരുമാറ്റം == === പ്രജനനം === ഈ പക്ഷി നിലത്തു ചെറിയ കുഴി പോലെയുള്ള ചുരുണ്ട കൂടാണ് ആണ് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. അതിനകത്ത് കല്പായൽ, പുല്ല്, ഇലകൾ എന്നിവ വിരിച്ച് കൂട് ഒരുക്കുന്നു. പ്രജനന സമയങ്ങളിൽ അടുത്തുള്ള പക്ഷികളോട് ആക്രമണ സ്വഭാവം പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യും. ചില [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]] ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലും പ്രദേശപരമായ സ്വഭാവം കാണിക്കുന്നു. [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]]<nowiki/>സാധാരണയായി നാല് മുട്ടകൾ ഇടുന്നു. ഈ മുട്ടകൾ വെളുപ്പ് മുതൽ ഇളം മഞ്ഞ-തവിട്ടു നിറം വരെയുള്ളതായിരിക്കും, അതിൽ കറുപ്പും തവിട്ടും നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികൾ കാണപ്പെടും. മുട്ടയുടെ വലിപ്പം സാധാരണയായി ഏകദേശം 48 × 33 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ ആണ്. ഇവ ഏകദേശം 26–27 ദിവസങ്ങൾ ശേഷം വിരിയിക്കുന്നു. == ഭക്ഷണം == ഈ പക്ഷികൾ സാധാരണയായി ടുണ്ട്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ, വയലുകൾ, കടൽത്തീരങ്ങൾ, കടൽതിരമാലകൾ എത്തുന്ന സമതലങ്ങൾ (tidal flats) എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഭക്ഷണം തേടുന്നു. സാധാരണയായി കാഴ്ചയുടെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഭക്ഷണം കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ പ്രധാന ഭക്ഷണങ്ങൾ: മണ്ണിരകൾ, നത്തകൾ, കീടങ്ങൾ ,കീടങ്ങളുടെ ലാർവകൾ , ഓടുള്ള ജലപ്രാണികൾ,മത്സ്യങ്ങൾ ,പഴങ്ങൾ / ബെറികൾ ,വിത്തുകൾ == നില (Status) == 19-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ അവസാനം വലിയ തോതിൽ ഈ പക്ഷികളെ വേട്ടയാടിയതിനാൽ ഇവയുടെ ജനസംഖ്യ വളരെ കുറയുകയായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് കുറച്ചുകൂടി വർധിച്ചെങ്കിലും ജനസംഖ്യ ഇപ്പോഴും പൂർണ്ണമായി പുനരുജ്ജീവിച്ചിട്ടില്ല. ==അവലംബം == [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9zpsdy1o4doql8x5seyabcnzgfb0v70 4644238 4644237 2026-07-07T16:15:12Z Sneha Forestry 184179 /* വിവരണം */ 4644238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = American golden plover | image = American Golden Plover (7458262530).jpg | image_caption = Adult summer plumage, [[Churchill, Manitoba]] | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pluvialis dominica'' | volume = 2016 | article-number = e.T22693740A93420396 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693740A93420396.en |access-date=15 February 2022 }}</ref> | genus = Pluvialis | species = dominica | authority = ([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Müller, PLS]], 1776) | synonyms = ''Pluvialis dominica dominica'' | range_map = Pluvialis dominica map.svg }} '''അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി''' അഥവാ അമേരിക്കൻ ഗോൾഡൻ പ്ലോവർ (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ഡൊമിനിക്ക) ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ള ഒരിനം പ്ലോവറാണ്. മഴ വരുന്ന അവസരങ്ങളിൽ ഇവ കൂട്ടം കൂടി വരും എന്ന ഒരു വിശ്വാസമുള്ളതുകൊണ്ട് "മഴ" എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന പ്ലൂവിയ എന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഇവയുടെ ജനുസ് നാമം കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഡോമിനിക്ക എന്ന സ്പീഷിസ് പേര് [[സാന്റോ ഡൊമനിഗോ|സാന്റോ ഡൊമിംഗോ]] എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തെയാണ് സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്. [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ്|വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസിൽ]] സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഈ പ്രദേശം [[ഹിസ്പാനിയോള]] എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ഇപ്പോൾ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names: From Aalge to Zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |edition=1. Aufl. |location=London}}</ref>. ==ശരീര ഘടന== നീളം : 24–28 cm (9+1⁄2–11 in) ഭാരം : 122–194 g (4+5⁄16–6+13⁄16 oz) ചിറകിന്റെ വിസ്‌തൃതി : 65–67 cm (25+1⁄2–26+1⁄2 in) == വിവരണം == അമേരിക്കൻപൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ മുഖം, കഴുത്ത്, നെഞ്ച്, വയറ് എന്നിവ പ്രജനനകാലത്ത് കറുപ്പുനിറത്തിലാണ്. തലയുടെ മുകൾഭാഗവും കഴുത്തിന്റെ പിൻഭാഗവും വെളുപ്പിൽ സ്വർണ്ണ നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികളോടു കൂടിയതാണ്.അത് നെഞ്ചിന്റെ വശങ്ങളിലേക്ക് നീളുന്നു.പിൻഭാഗത്തും കറുപ്പും വെളുപ്പും പുള്ളികളായി കാണുന്നു. അതിൽ മങ്ങിയ സ്വർണ്ണ പൊട്ടുകളുമുണ്ടാകും. പ്രജനന കാലത്തെ പെൺപക്ഷിയും കാഴ്ചയിൽ ആൺപക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെ തന്നെ ആയിരിക്കും. എന്നാൽ അവയുടെ ദേഹത്തെ കറുപ്പ് നിറം കുറവായിരിക്കും. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഇണപ്പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള മുകൾഭാഗവും, ഇളം ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള അടിഭാഗവും, വെളുത്ത നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുരികവും ഉണ്ടാകും. കൊക്കുകളും തലയും ചെറുതായിരിക്കും. യൂറോപ്യൻ, പസഫിക് എന്നീ രണ്ട് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളുമായി ഇതിന് സാമ്യമുണ്ട്. വെളുത്ത കക്ഷീയ തൂവലുകൾ ഉള്ള യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയേക്കാൾ (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ആപ്രികേറിയ) ചെറുതും മെലിഞ്ഞതും താരതമ്യേന നീളമുള്ളതുമായ കാലുകളുള്ളതാണ് അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി. ചാരനിറത്തിലുള്ള കക്ഷീയ തൂവലുകൾ പങ്കിടുന്ന പസഫിക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയോട് (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ഫുൾവ) ഇതിന് കൂടുതൽ സാമ്യമുണ്ട്; ഒരിക്കൽ ഇതിനെ "ലെസ്സർ ഗോൾഡൻ പ്ലോവർ" എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരേ സ്പീഷീസായി കരുതിയിരുന്നു. പ്രജജനനകാല തൂവലവസ്ഥയിൽ അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ താഴത്തെ വയറും വാലിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും മുഴുവനായും കറുപ്പയിരിക്കും. എന്നാൽ പസഫിക്ക് , യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികൾക്ക് ചെറിയ അളവിൽ വെള്ളുപ്പ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. എന്നൽ ചെറിയ പക്ഷികൾക്ക് പലപ്പോഴും പൂർണ്ണമയും വേനൽ തൂവലവസ്ഥ ലഭിക്കാതെ ഭഗീകമയ രൂപമാത്രമേ ഉണ്ടാക്കൂ. അതിനാൽ കറുപ്പ് നിറം അപൂർണ്ണമായിരിക്കും , അതിനാൽ അവയെ തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടാണ്. മറ്റൊരു വ്യത്യസം, ശരത്കാലത്ത് പ്രജ്ജനനാന്തര തൂവൽ മാറ്റം അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഒരു മാസം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അതിലധികം വൈകിയാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്. ഇത് സാധരണയായി സെപ്റ്റംബർ മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ വരെയാണ്. എന്നാൽ പസഫിക്ക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഇത് ഓഗസ്റ്റിൽ തന്നെ നടക്കും == വിതരണം == അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ പ്രജജനന ആസവ്യവസ്ഥ വടക്കൻ [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയിലും]] [[അലാസ്ക|അലാസ്കയിലുള്ള]] ആർട്ടിക്ക് തുന്ദ്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലാണ്. [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയി]]<nowiki/>ലെ [[ബാഫിൻ ദ്വീപ്]] മുതൽ യൂക്കൺ പ്രദേശവും വടക്കൻ [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കൊളംബിയ]] വരെയും ഇവ് കണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവ വരണ്ടതും തുറന്നതുമായ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ നിലത്തണ് കൂട് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. ഇവ ദേശടന പക്ഷികളാണ്. ശീതകാലത്ത് ഇവ [[തെക്കേ അമേരിക്ക|തെക്കൻ അമേരിക്ക]]<nowiki/>യിലേക്കണ് പോകുന്നത്. ഇവ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ള ദേശടന പാത പിന്തുടാരുന്നു. വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള യാത്രയിൽ [[ജനുവരി]] മുതൽ [[ഏപ്രിൽ]] വരെ ഇവ [[മദ്ധ്യ അമേരിക്ക]] വഴി സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. പിന്നീട് വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള അവസാന യത്രയ്ക്ക് മുൻപ് ഇലിനോയിസ് പോലുള്ള സ്ഥലങ്ങള്ളിൽ വലിയ കൂട്ടങ്ങള്ളായി തങ്ങാറുണ്ട്. ശരത്കാലത്ത് ഇവ കൂടുതൽ കിഴക്കൻ ദിശയിലുള്ള പാത പിന്തുടരുന്നു. പ്രധാനമായും പശ്ചിമ അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക് സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും കരീബിയൻ സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും മുകളിലൂടെ പറന്ന് [[പാറ്റഗോണിയ മരുഭൂമി|പാറ്റഗോണി]]<nowiki/>യയിലെ ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലേക്കാണ് എത്തുന്നത്. ഈ പക്ഷിക്ക് ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും നീളം കൂടിയ ദേശാടന പാതകളിലൊന്നുണ്ട് — ഏകദേശം 40,000 കിലോമീറ്റർ വരെ. ഇതിൽ ഏകദേശം 3,900 കിലോമീറ്റർ തുറന്ന സമുദ്രത്തിന് മുകളിലൂടെ ആണ്, അവിടെ ഭക്ഷിക്കാനോ കുടിക്കാനോ ഇവക്ക് നിർത്താൻ കഴിയില്ല. യാത്രയ്ക്കുമുമ്പ് ശരീരത്തിൽ സംഭരിക്കുന്ന കൊഴുപ്പിന്റെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഈ ദീർഘയാത്ര നടത്തുന്നത്. ഇത് പശ്ചിമ യൂറോപ്പിൽ ശരത്കാലത്ത് സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നെങ്കിലും വളരെ അപൂർവമായ ദേശാടന പക്ഷിയാണ്. സാധാരണയായി ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടനിൽ വർഷത്തിൽ ഏകദേശം 20–25 തവണ മാത്രമേ ഇവയെ കാണാറുള്ളൂ. വസന്തകാലത്തിലെ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തലുകൾ ഇതിലും അപൂർവമാണ്. ദേശാടന സമയങ്ങളും രീതികളും താരതമ്യം ചെയ്തപ്പോൾ, എസ്കിമോ കർല്യൂസ് എന്ന പക്ഷിയും അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി ഒരുപോലെ തന്നെയാണ് . 1492-ൽ [[ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസ്|ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസിന്റെ]] ശ്രദ്ധ സമീപമുള്ള അമേരിക്കൻ ഭൂഖണ്ഡങ്ങളിലേക്കാകർഷിച്ചതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നത്. അന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം 65 ദിവസം കരഭൂമി കാണാതെ കടലിൽ സഞ്ചരിച്ച ശേഷമാണ് ഇത് സംഭവിച്ചത് == പെരുമാറ്റം == === പ്രജനനം === ഈ പക്ഷി നിലത്തു ചെറിയ കുഴി പോലെയുള്ള ചുരുണ്ട കൂടാണ് ആണ് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. അതിനകത്ത് കല്പായൽ, പുല്ല്, ഇലകൾ എന്നിവ വിരിച്ച് കൂട് ഒരുക്കുന്നു. പ്രജനന സമയങ്ങളിൽ അടുത്തുള്ള പക്ഷികളോട് ആക്രമണ സ്വഭാവം പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യും. ചില [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]] ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലും പ്രദേശപരമായ സ്വഭാവം കാണിക്കുന്നു. [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]]<nowiki/>സാധാരണയായി നാല് മുട്ടകൾ ഇടുന്നു. ഈ മുട്ടകൾ വെളുപ്പ് മുതൽ ഇളം മഞ്ഞ-തവിട്ടു നിറം വരെയുള്ളതായിരിക്കും, അതിൽ കറുപ്പും തവിട്ടും നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികൾ കാണപ്പെടും. മുട്ടയുടെ വലിപ്പം സാധാരണയായി ഏകദേശം 48 × 33 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ ആണ്. ഇവ ഏകദേശം 26–27 ദിവസങ്ങൾ ശേഷം വിരിയിക്കുന്നു. == ഭക്ഷണം == ഈ പക്ഷികൾ സാധാരണയായി ടുണ്ട്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ, വയലുകൾ, കടൽത്തീരങ്ങൾ, കടൽതിരമാലകൾ എത്തുന്ന സമതലങ്ങൾ (tidal flats) എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഭക്ഷണം തേടുന്നു. സാധാരണയായി കാഴ്ചയുടെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഭക്ഷണം കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ പ്രധാന ഭക്ഷണങ്ങൾ: മണ്ണിരകൾ, നത്തകൾ, കീടങ്ങൾ ,കീടങ്ങളുടെ ലാർവകൾ , ഓടുള്ള ജലപ്രാണികൾ,മത്സ്യങ്ങൾ ,പഴങ്ങൾ / ബെറികൾ ,വിത്തുകൾ == നില (Status) == 19-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ അവസാനം വലിയ തോതിൽ ഈ പക്ഷികളെ വേട്ടയാടിയതിനാൽ ഇവയുടെ ജനസംഖ്യ വളരെ കുറയുകയായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് കുറച്ചുകൂടി വർധിച്ചെങ്കിലും ജനസംഖ്യ ഇപ്പോഴും പൂർണ്ണമായി പുനരുജ്ജീവിച്ചിട്ടില്ല. ==അവലംബം == [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m303837dezmwraj8ej0sljn1wa9la34 4644244 4644238 2026-07-07T16:58:27Z Sneha Forestry 184179 /* വിവരണം */ 4644244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = American golden plover | image = American Golden Plover (7458262530).jpg | image_caption = Adult summer plumage, [[Churchill, Manitoba]] | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pluvialis dominica'' | volume = 2016 | article-number = e.T22693740A93420396 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693740A93420396.en |access-date=15 February 2022 }}</ref> | genus = Pluvialis | species = dominica | authority = ([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Müller, PLS]], 1776) | synonyms = ''Pluvialis dominica dominica'' | range_map = Pluvialis dominica map.svg }} '''അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി''' അഥവാ അമേരിക്കൻ ഗോൾഡൻ പ്ലോവർ (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ഡൊമിനിക്ക) ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ള ഒരിനം പ്ലോവറാണ്. മഴ വരുന്ന അവസരങ്ങളിൽ ഇവ കൂട്ടം കൂടി വരും എന്ന ഒരു വിശ്വാസമുള്ളതുകൊണ്ട് "മഴ" എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന പ്ലൂവിയ എന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഇവയുടെ ജനുസ് നാമം കൊടുത്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഡോമിനിക്ക എന്ന സ്പീഷിസ് പേര് [[സാന്റോ ഡൊമനിഗോ|സാന്റോ ഡൊമിംഗോ]] എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തെയാണ് സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്. [[വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസ്|വെസ്റ്റ് ഇൻഡീസിൽ]] സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഈ പ്രദേശം [[ഹിസ്പാനിയോള]] എന്ന പേരിലാണ് ഇപ്പോൾ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names: From Aalge to Zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |edition=1. Aufl. |location=London}}</ref>. ==ശരീര ഘടന== നീളം : 24–28 cm (9+1⁄2–11 in) ഭാരം : 122–194 g (4+5⁄16–6+13⁄16 oz) ചിറകിന്റെ വിസ്‌തൃതി : 65–67 cm (25+1⁄2–26+1⁄2 in) == വിവരണം == അമേരിക്കൻപൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ മുഖം, കഴുത്ത്, നെഞ്ച്, വയറ് എന്നിവ പ്രജനനകാലത്ത് കറുപ്പുനിറത്തിലാണ്. തലയുടെ മുകൾഭാഗവും കഴുത്തിന്റെ പിൻഭാഗവും വെളുപ്പിൽ സ്വർണ്ണ നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികളോടു കൂടിയതാണ്.അത് നെഞ്ചിന്റെ വശങ്ങളിലേക്ക് നീളുന്നു.പിൻഭാഗത്തും കറുപ്പും വെളുപ്പും പുള്ളികളായി കാണുന്നു. അതിൽ മങ്ങിയ സ്വർണ്ണ പൊട്ടുകളുമുണ്ടാകും. പ്രജനന കാലത്തെ പെൺപക്ഷിയും കാഴ്ചയിൽ ആൺപക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെ തന്നെ ആയിരിക്കും. എന്നാൽ അവയുടെ ദേഹത്തെ കറുപ്പ് നിറം കുറവായിരിക്കും. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഇണപ്പക്ഷികൾക്ക് ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള മുകൾഭാഗവും, ഇളം ചാര-തവിട്ട് നിറത്തിലുള്ള അടിഭാഗവും, വെളുത്ത നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുരികവും ഉണ്ടാകും. കൊക്കുകളും തലയും ചെറുതായിരിക്കും. യൂറോപ്യൻ, പസഫിക് എന്നീ രണ്ട് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളുമായി ഇതിന് സാമ്യമുണ്ട്. വെളുത്ത കക്ഷീയ തൂവലുകൾ ഉള്ള യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയേക്കാൾ (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ആപ്രികേറിയ) ചെറുതും മെലിഞ്ഞതും താരതമ്യേന നീളമുള്ളതുമായ കാലുകളുള്ളതാണ് അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി. ചാരനിറത്തിലുള്ള കക്ഷീയ തൂവലുകൾ പങ്കിടുന്ന പസഫിക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയോട് (പ്ലൂവിയലിസ് ഫുൾവ) ഇതിന് കൂടുതൽ സാമ്യമുണ്ട്; ഒരിക്കൽ ഇതിനെ "ലെസ്സർ ഗോൾഡൻ പ്ലോവർ" എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരേ സ്പീഷീസായി കരുതിയിരുന്നു <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sangster |first=George |last2=Knox |first2=Alan G. |last3=Helbig |first3=Andreas J. |last4=Parkin |first4=David T. |date=2002-01 |title=Taxonomic recommendations for European birds |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=153–159 |doi=10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x |issn=0019-1019}}</ref>. പസഫിക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി അമേരിക്കൻ ഇനങ്ങളെ അപേക്ഷിച്ച് മെലിഞ്ഞതാണ്, ചിറകുകൾ നീളം കുറഞ്ഞതും കാലുകൾ നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്, സാധാരണയായി പിൻഭാഗം കൂടുതൽ മഞ്ഞനിറമായിരിക്കും. പ്രജനന സമയത്ത് അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിക്ക് കറുത്ത അടിവയറും അടിവാലുമുണ്ട്, അതേസമയം പസഫിക്, യൂറോപ്യൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികൾക്ക് പാർശ്വങ്ങളിലും അടിവാലിലും വെളുത്ത നിറമാണ്. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, പ്രജനനേതരസമയങ്ങളിൽ-പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് വേനലിന്റെ ആദ്യ മാസങ്ങളിൽ ഇവയുടെ നിറം ഭാഗികമായി കറുപ്പും വെളുപ്പും ഇടകലർന്നതായതിനാൽ ഈ മൂന്നു പക്ഷികളേയും വേർതിരിച്ചറിയുക പ്രയാസമാണ്. മറ്റൊരു പ്രകടമായ വ്യത്യാസം, ശരത്കാലത്ത് പ്രജനനാനന്തര തൂവൽ മാറ്റം അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഒരു മാസം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അതിലധികം വൈകിയാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്. ഇത് സാധാരണയായി സെപ്റ്റംബർ മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ വരെയാണ്. എന്നാൽ പസഫിക്ക് പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴികളിൽ ഇത് ഓഗസ്റ്റിൽ തന്നെ നടക്കും <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayman |first=Peter |title=Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world |last2=Marchant |first2=John |last3=Prater |first3=Tony |date=1986 |publisher=Croom Helm |isbn=978-0-7099-2034-2 |location=London {}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Svensson |first=Lars |title=Collins bird guide: the most complete field guide to the birds of Britain and Europe |last2=Grant |first2=Peter J. |last3=Mullarney |first3=Killian |last4=Zetterström |first4=Dan |last5=Christie |first5=David A. |last6=Svensson |first6=Lars |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-00-219728-1 |location=London}}</ref> == വിതരണം == അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴിയുടെ പ്രജജനന ആസവ്യവസ്ഥ വടക്കൻ [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയിലും]] [[അലാസ്ക|അലാസ്കയിലുള്ള]] ആർട്ടിക്ക് തുന്ദ്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലാണ്. [[കാനഡ|കാനഡയി]]<nowiki/>ലെ [[ബാഫിൻ ദ്വീപ്]] മുതൽ യൂക്കൺ പ്രദേശവും വടക്കൻ [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കൊളംബിയ]] വരെയും ഇവ് കണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവ വരണ്ടതും തുറന്നതുമായ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ നിലത്തണ് കൂട് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. ഇവ ദേശടന പക്ഷികളാണ്. ശീതകാലത്ത് ഇവ [[തെക്കേ അമേരിക്ക|തെക്കൻ അമേരിക്ക]]<nowiki/>യിലേക്കണ് പോകുന്നത്. ഇവ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ള ദേശടന പാത പിന്തുടാരുന്നു. വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള യാത്രയിൽ [[ജനുവരി]] മുതൽ [[ഏപ്രിൽ]] വരെ ഇവ [[മദ്ധ്യ അമേരിക്ക]] വഴി സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. പിന്നീട് വടക്കോട്ടുള്ള അവസാന യത്രയ്ക്ക് മുൻപ് ഇലിനോയിസ് പോലുള്ള സ്ഥലങ്ങള്ളിൽ വലിയ കൂട്ടങ്ങള്ളായി തങ്ങാറുണ്ട്. ശരത്കാലത്ത് ഇവ കൂടുതൽ കിഴക്കൻ ദിശയിലുള്ള പാത പിന്തുടരുന്നു. പ്രധാനമായും പശ്ചിമ അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക് സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും കരീബിയൻ സമുദ്രതിന്റെയും മുകളിലൂടെ പറന്ന് [[പാറ്റഗോണിയ മരുഭൂമി|പാറ്റഗോണി]]<nowiki/>യയിലെ ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലേക്കാണ് എത്തുന്നത്. ഈ പക്ഷിക്ക് ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും നീളം കൂടിയ ദേശാടന പാതകളിലൊന്നുണ്ട് — ഏകദേശം 40,000 കിലോമീറ്റർ വരെ. ഇതിൽ ഏകദേശം 3,900 കിലോമീറ്റർ തുറന്ന സമുദ്രത്തിന് മുകളിലൂടെ ആണ്, അവിടെ ഭക്ഷിക്കാനോ കുടിക്കാനോ ഇവക്ക് നിർത്താൻ കഴിയില്ല. യാത്രയ്ക്കുമുമ്പ് ശരീരത്തിൽ സംഭരിക്കുന്ന കൊഴുപ്പിന്റെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഈ ദീർഘയാത്ര നടത്തുന്നത്. ഇത് പശ്ചിമ യൂറോപ്പിൽ ശരത്കാലത്ത് സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നെങ്കിലും വളരെ അപൂർവമായ ദേശാടന പക്ഷിയാണ്. സാധാരണയായി ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടനിൽ വർഷത്തിൽ ഏകദേശം 20–25 തവണ മാത്രമേ ഇവയെ കാണാറുള്ളൂ. വസന്തകാലത്തിലെ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തലുകൾ ഇതിലും അപൂർവമാണ്. ദേശാടന സമയങ്ങളും രീതികളും താരതമ്യം ചെയ്തപ്പോൾ, എസ്കിമോ കർല്യൂസ് എന്ന പക്ഷിയും അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി ഒരുപോലെ തന്നെയാണ് . 1492-ൽ [[ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസ്|ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കൊളംബസിന്റെ]] ശ്രദ്ധ സമീപമുള്ള അമേരിക്കൻ ഭൂഖണ്ഡങ്ങളിലേക്കാകർഷിച്ചതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നത്. അന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം 65 ദിവസം കരഭൂമി കാണാതെ കടലിൽ സഞ്ചരിച്ച ശേഷമാണ് ഇത് സംഭവിച്ചത് == പെരുമാറ്റം == === പ്രജനനം === ഈ പക്ഷി നിലത്തു ചെറിയ കുഴി പോലെയുള്ള ചുരുണ്ട കൂടാണ് ആണ് നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നത്. അതിനകത്ത് കല്പായൽ, പുല്ല്, ഇലകൾ എന്നിവ വിരിച്ച് കൂട് ഒരുക്കുന്നു. പ്രജനന സമയങ്ങളിൽ അടുത്തുള്ള പക്ഷികളോട് ആക്രമണ സ്വഭാവം പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യും. ചില [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]] ശീതകാല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലും പ്രദേശപരമായ സ്വഭാവം കാണിക്കുന്നു. [[അമേരിക്കൻ പൊൻമണൽക്കോഴി]]<nowiki/>സാധാരണയായി നാല് മുട്ടകൾ ഇടുന്നു. ഈ മുട്ടകൾ വെളുപ്പ് മുതൽ ഇളം മഞ്ഞ-തവിട്ടു നിറം വരെയുള്ളതായിരിക്കും, അതിൽ കറുപ്പും തവിട്ടും നിറത്തിലുള്ള പുള്ളികൾ കാണപ്പെടും. മുട്ടയുടെ വലിപ്പം സാധാരണയായി ഏകദേശം 48 × 33 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ ആണ്. ഇവ ഏകദേശം 26–27 ദിവസങ്ങൾ ശേഷം വിരിയിക്കുന്നു. == ഭക്ഷണം == ഈ പക്ഷികൾ സാധാരണയായി ടുണ്ട്ര പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ, വയലുകൾ, കടൽത്തീരങ്ങൾ, കടൽതിരമാലകൾ എത്തുന്ന സമതലങ്ങൾ (tidal flats) എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഭക്ഷണം തേടുന്നു. സാധാരണയായി കാഴ്ചയുടെ സഹായത്താലാണ് ഇവ ഭക്ഷണം കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ പ്രധാന ഭക്ഷണങ്ങൾ: മണ്ണിരകൾ, നത്തകൾ, കീടങ്ങൾ ,കീടങ്ങളുടെ ലാർവകൾ , ഓടുള്ള ജലപ്രാണികൾ,മത്സ്യങ്ങൾ ,പഴങ്ങൾ / ബെറികൾ ,വിത്തുകൾ == നില (Status) == 19-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ അവസാനം വലിയ തോതിൽ ഈ പക്ഷികളെ വേട്ടയാടിയതിനാൽ ഇവയുടെ ജനസംഖ്യ വളരെ കുറയുകയായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് കുറച്ചുകൂടി വർധിച്ചെങ്കിലും ജനസംഖ്യ ഇപ്പോഴും പൂർണ്ണമായി പുനരുജ്ജീവിച്ചിട്ടില്ല. ==അവലംബം == [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hptvk8u17mysle4m83bj9cym53sc3yp 0 665223 4644300 4606377 2026-07-08T04:34:14Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). <ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|Dowitcher}}</ref> കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] 4eko35jfqioy12340qjrnao5t8dy0v7 4644306 4644300 2026-07-08T04:52:37Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). <ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|Dowitcher}}</ref> പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു .കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്. കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] lq9xfz8b9xj9qqtf7mwjzbhoez37hzm 4644307 4644306 2026-07-08T04:58:40Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). <ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|Dowitcher}}</ref> പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു .കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്.ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ് ഇവയെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്.കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത് . കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] 8p7wgc20wnns1ilc64pl4jo8juyzbai 4644312 4644307 2026-07-08T05:24:52Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). <ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|Dowitcher}}</ref> പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത്. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] b3jdfwzdwhy2u68yww4p4ekql270dkf 4644314 4644312 2026-07-08T06:01:30Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). <ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|Dowitcher}}</ref> പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത്. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഇനത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'സ്കോലോപാസിയസ് ' എന്ന പേര് നവ-ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്; 'ചെളിപരപ്പൻ' പക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെയുള്ളത് എന്നാണ് ഇതിന്റെ അർത്ഥം. സ്കൊലോപാക്സ്, സ്കോലോപാസിസ് എന്നീ ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ പേര് രൂപപ്പെട്ടത്. "ഡൗവിച്ചർ" എന്ന ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പേര് ഇറോക്വോയിസ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്, ഇത് ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത് 1841- ലാണ്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകളുമായി കാഴ്ചയിൽ വലിയ സാമ്യമുള്ളവയാണ്. 1950- ലാണ് ഇതിനെ ഒരു പ്രത്യേക സ്പീഷീസ് ആയി തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത്. ശൈത്യകാലത് ഇവയെ തിരിച്ചറിയാനുള്ള ഏറ്റവും നല്ല മാർഗം ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോഴുണ്ടാകുന്ന ശബ്ദമാണ്. കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] lzqtg29q4w01mkhw708xo3nj1g2477f 4644321 4644314 2026-07-08T06:43:31Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്<ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/|title=Online bird guide, bird ID help, life history, bird sounds from Cornell|access-date=2026-07-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത്. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഇനത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'സ്കോലോപാസിയസ് ' എന്ന പേര് നവ-ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്; 'ചെളിപരപ്പൻ' പക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെയുള്ളത് എന്നാണ് ഇതിന്റെ അർത്ഥം. സ്കോപാക്സ്, സ്കോലോപാസിസ് എന്നീ ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ പേര് രൂപപ്പെട്ടത്. "ഡൗവിച്ചർ" എന്ന ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പേര് ഇറോക്വോയിസ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്, ഇത് ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത് 1841- ലാണ്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകളുമായി കാഴ്ചയിൽ വലിയ സാമ്യമുള്ളവയാണ്. 1950- ലാണ് ഇതിനെ ഒരു പ്രത്യേക സ്പീഷീസ് ആയി തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത്. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഈ രണ്ട ഇനം പക്ഷികളുടെയും തൂവലുകൾ ഒരേപോലെ കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. അതിനാൽ ഇവയെ തമ്മിൽ വേർതിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അടയാളം അവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്ന ശബ്ദമാണ്. ഇവ ജീവിക്കുന്ന ചുറ്റുപാടിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്ന സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലും വലിയ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളുണ്ട്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ പൊതുവെ ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങൾക്ക് സമീപം ജീവിക്കുകയും വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ഉപ്പുവെള്ളമുള്ള ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ  ജീവിക്കുകയും തെക്കൻ അലാസ്ക മുതൽ കാനഡയിലുടനീളം പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lobdow.01|work=Birds of the World|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.}}</ref>.   കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകൾ സാധാരണയായി ശുദ്ധജല ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു, വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു, .<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTakekawaWarnock2020">Takekawa, John Y.; Warnock, Nils D. (2020-03-04). </cite></ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] rq1us7xtnl9x0eoydzbzuai4c3471sf 4644326 4644321 2026-07-08T07:17:49Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്<ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/|title=Online bird guide, bird ID help, life history, bird sounds from Cornell|access-date=2026-07-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഇനത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'സ്കോലോപാസിയസ് ' എന്ന പേര് നവ-ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്; 'ചെളിപരപ്പൻ' പക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെയുള്ളത് എന്നാണ് ഇതിന്റെ അർത്ഥം. സ്കോപാക്സ്, സ്കോലോപാസിസ് എന്നീ ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ പേര് രൂപപ്പെട്ടത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names: from aalge to zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |location=London}}</ref>. "ഡൗവിച്ചർ" എന്ന ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പേര് ഇറോക്വോയിസ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്, ഇത് ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത് 1841- ലാണ് <ref>{{Citation|title=dowitcher, n.|date=2023-03-02|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/1208199638|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-07-08}}</ref>. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകളുമായി കാഴ്ചയിൽ വലിയ സാമ്യമുള്ളവയാണ്. 1950- ലാണ് ഇതിനെ ഒരു പ്രത്യേക സ്പീഷീസ് ആയി തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഈ രണ്ട് ഇനം പക്ഷികളുടെയും തൂവലുകൾ ഒരേപോലെ കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. അതിനാൽ ഇവയെ തമ്മിൽ വേർതിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അടയാളം അവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്ന ശബ്ദമാണ് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ഇവ ജീവിക്കുന്ന ചുറ്റുപാടിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്ന സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലും വലിയ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളുണ്ട്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ പൊതുവെ ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങൾക്ക് സമീപം ജീവിക്കുകയും വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ഉപ്പുവെള്ളമുള്ള ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ  ജീവിക്കുകയും തെക്കൻ അലാസ്ക മുതൽ കാനഡയിലുടനീളം പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lobdow.01|work=Birds of the World|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.}}</ref>.   തീരപക്ഷികൾ, ഗൾസ്, [[ഓക്ക് പക്ഷി|ആൽസിഡുകൾ]] എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ചരദ്രിഫോർമസ് ക്രമത്തിലെ ഒരു പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livezey |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=567–618 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00635.x |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Rosemary |last2=Baker |first2=Allan |date=2012 |title=Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312001133 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=66–72 |bibcode=2012MolPE..64...66G |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.008 |pmid=22491071 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Takekawa |first=John Y. |last2=Warnock |first2=Nils D. |date=2020-03-04 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=Alan F |editor2-last=Gill |editor2-first=Frank B |title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ഒരു ഇടത്തരം വലിപ്പമുള്ളതും, തലയുടെ ഇരട്ടി നീളമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പറാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട. പ്രജനന കാലം ഏകദേശം മെയ് മുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് അവസാനം വരെയോ സെപ്റ്റംബർ ആദ്യം വരെയോ ആണ് . ==ശരീര ഘടന== * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] fcv9z3o4rzqapniy4vxtidi2hdkzmzf 4644329 4644326 2026-07-08T07:29:32Z Sreya Radhakrishnan 212415 4644329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ള ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്<ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/|title=Online bird guide, bird ID help, life history, bird sounds from Cornell|access-date=2026-07-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഇനത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'സ്കോലോപാസിയസ് ' എന്ന പേര് നവ-ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്; 'ചെളിപരപ്പൻ' പക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെയുള്ളത് എന്നാണ് ഇതിന്റെ അർത്ഥം. സ്കോപാക്സ്, സ്കോലോപാസിസ് എന്നീ ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ പേര് രൂപപ്പെട്ടത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names: from aalge to zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |location=London}}</ref>. "ഡൗവിച്ചർ" എന്ന ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പേര് ഇറോക്വോയിസ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്, ഇത് ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത് 1841- ലാണ് <ref>{{Citation|title=dowitcher, n.|date=2023-03-02|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/1208199638|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-07-08}}</ref>. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകളുമായി കാഴ്ചയിൽ വലിയ സാമ്യമുള്ളവയാണ്. 1950- ലാണ് ഇതിനെ ഒരു പ്രത്യേക സ്പീഷീസ് ആയി തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഈ രണ്ട് ഇനം പക്ഷികളുടെയും തൂവലുകൾ ഒരേപോലെ കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. അതിനാൽ ഇവയെ തമ്മിൽ വേർതിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അടയാളം അവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്ന ശബ്ദമാണ് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ഇവ ജീവിക്കുന്ന ചുറ്റുപാടിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്ന സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലും വലിയ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളുണ്ട്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ പൊതുവെ ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങൾക്ക് സമീപം ജീവിക്കുകയും വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ഉപ്പുവെള്ളമുള്ള ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ  ജീവിക്കുകയും തെക്കൻ അലാസ്ക മുതൽ കാനഡയിലുടനീളം പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lobdow.01|work=Birds of the World|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.}}</ref>. ==  വർഗീകരണ ശാസ്ത്രം == == ശരീര ഘടന == * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] i7vsm5w1y1172nybzmiz1unocfda6az 4644337 4644329 2026-07-08T08:10:11Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | image = Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg | image_caption = Non-breeding adult | image2 = Long Billed Dowitcher (7569920384).jpg | image2_caption = Breeding adult | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2024 |title=''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' |volume=2024 |article-number=e.T22693348A256610578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22693348A256610578.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Limnodromus scolopaceus | authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822) | range_map = Limnodromus scolopaceus map.svg | range_map_caption = Breeding range (orange), migration range (yellow), nonbreeding range (blue) | synonyms = *''Limosa scolopacea'' <small>Say, 1823</small> }} [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സാൻഡ്പൈപ്പർ]] കുടുംബമായ [[സാൻഡ്‌പൈപ്പർ|സ്കോലോപാസിഡേയിലെ]] ഇടത്തരം വലുപ്പമുള്ളതും താരതമ്യേന നീണ്ട കൊക്കുകളുമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു തീരദേശ പക്ഷിയാണ് '''കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാട''' (''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്). പ്രജനന കാലത്ത് ഈ ഇനത്തിലെ  മുതിർന്ന പക്ഷികളുടെ തലയും ശരീരത്തിന്റെ അടിഭാഗവും  ചെമ്പിച്ച നിറത്തിലും പുറംഭാഗം  ഇരുണ്ട പുള്ളികളോടുകൂടിയതുമായി  കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഇവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ മാത്രം വ്യക്തമായി കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന നടുവിന്റെ താഴ്ഭാഗത്തെ  വലിയ വെളുത്ത നിറം ഈ പക്ഷികളുടെ പ്രധാന സവിശേഷതയാണ്<ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/|title=Online bird guide, bird ID help, life history, bird sounds from Cornell|access-date=2026-07-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങളിലാണ്  കരിപ്പ്രാക്കാടകളെ കാണപ്പെടാറുള്ളത്. കൊക്ക് "തയ്യൽ മെഷീൻ " ചലിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ വേഗത്തിൽ ചലിപ്പിച്ചാണ് ഇവ ഇരതേടുന്നത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ആൺപക്ഷികൾ പറന്നുകൊണ്ട് പെൺപക്ഷികളെ പിന്തുടരുന്ന സവിശേഷമായ ഒരു ഇണചേരൽ രീതിയാണ് ഇവയ്ക്കുള്ളത്. ''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ്'' എന്ന വംശനാമം ചതുപ്പ് എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ലിമ്നെ', ഓടുന്നയാൾ എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന 'ഡ്രോമോസ് ' എന്നീ പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് പദങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഉണ്ടായത്. ഇതിന്റെ ഇനത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'സ്കോലോപാസിയസ് ' എന്ന പേര് നവ-ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്; 'ചെളിപരപ്പൻ' പക്ഷിയെപ്പോലെയുള്ളത് എന്നാണ് ഇതിന്റെ അർത്ഥം. സ്കോപാക്സ്, സ്കോലോപാസിസ് എന്നീ ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ പേര് രൂപപ്പെട്ടത് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |title=The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names: from aalge to zusii |date=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |location=London}}</ref>. "ഡൗവിച്ചർ" എന്ന ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പേര് ഇറോക്വോയിസ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്, ഇത് ആദ്യമായി രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയത് 1841- ലാണ് <ref>{{Citation|title=dowitcher, n.|date=2023-03-02|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/1208199638|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-07-08}}</ref>. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകളുമായി കാഴ്ചയിൽ വലിയ സാമ്യമുള്ളവയാണ്. 1950- ലാണ് ഇതിനെ ഒരു പ്രത്യേക സ്പീഷീസ് ആയി തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞത് <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/lobdow/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.lobdow.01.|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>. ശൈത്യകാലത്ത് ഈ രണ്ട് ഇനം പക്ഷികളുടെയും തൂവലുകൾ ഒരേപോലെ കാണപ്പെടാറുണ്ട്. അതിനാൽ ഇവയെ തമ്മിൽ വേർതിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ഏറ്റവും പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അടയാളം അവ പറക്കുമ്പോൾ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്ന ശബ്ദമാണ് <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sibley |first=David |title=The Sibley guide to birds |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-45122-8 |edition=1st ed |location=New York}}</ref>. ഇവ ജീവിക്കുന്ന ചുറ്റുപാടിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്ന സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലും വലിയ വ്യത്യാസങ്ങളുണ്ട്. നീളമുള്ള കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ പൊതുവെ ശുദ്ധജലാശയങ്ങൾക്ക് സമീപം ജീവിക്കുകയും വടക്കൻ അലാസ്കയിലും സൈബീരിയയിലും പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ചെറിയ കൊക്കുള്ള കരിപ്രാക്കാടകൾ ഉപ്പുവെള്ളമുള്ള ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയിൽ  ജീവിക്കുകയും തെക്കൻ അലാസ്ക മുതൽ കാനഡയിലുടനീളം പ്രജനനം നടത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു <ref>{{Citation|last=Takekawa|first=John Y.|title=Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lobdow.01|work=Birds of the World|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2026-07-08|last2=Warnock|first2=Nils D.}}</ref>. ==  വർഗീകരണ ശാസ്ത്രം == == ശരീര ഘടന == * നീളംഃ 11.4 ഇഞ്ച് (29 സെന്റിമീറ്റർ) * weight: 3.1-4.6 ഔൺസ് * Wingspan: 18.5-19.3 inches (ID2) cm′<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Dowitcher/id|title=Long-billed Dowitcher Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology|access-date=2020-09-27|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|language=en}}</ref> [[പ്രമാണം:Limnodromus_scolopaceus.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഡോവിച്ചർ]] {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161219195559/https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2320id.html ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ-''ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോളോപാസിയസ്'']-യുഎസ്ജിഎസ് പാറ്റക്സെന്റ് ബേർഡ് ഐഡന്റിഫിക്കേഷൻ ഇൻഫോസെന്റർ * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ (ലിംനോഡ്രോമസ് സ്കോലോപാസിയസ്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * ലോംഗ്-ബിൽഡ് ഡോവിച്ചർ സ്പീഷീസ് അക്കൌണ്ട്-കോർണൽ ലാബ് ഓഫ് ഓർണിതോളജി * {{InternetBirdCollection|long-billed-dowitcher-limnodromus-scolopaceus|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{VIREO|Long-billed+Dowitcher|Long-billed dowitcher}} * {{IUCN Map|22693348/256610578|Limnodromus scolopaceus}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:കാനഡയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:അലാസ്കയിലെ പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ആർട്ടിക് പക്ഷികൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തീരദേശ പക്ഷികൾ]] av5x2chvgfaynnjggjuevy4m79cyisj 3 667137 4644239 4618033 2026-07-07T16:32:53Z Mfield 212183 Mfield എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവ് [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:BuickCentury04]] എന്ന താൾ [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:2001FordRangerXLT]] എന്നാക്കി മാറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്നു: "[[Special:CentralAuth/BuickCentury04|BuickCentury04]]" എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവിനെ "[[Special:CentralAuth/2001FordRangerXLT|2001FordRangerXLT]]" എന്നു പേരുമാറ്റിയപ്പോൾ താൾ കൂടെ സ്വയം മാറിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. 4618033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നമസ്കാരം {{#if: BuickCentury04 | BuickCentury04 | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }} !''', [[മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയ|മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിലേക്ക്‌]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ആമുഖം|സ്വാഗതം]]. താങ്കളുടെ അംഗത്വത്തിന് നന്ദി. താങ്കൾക്ക്‌ ഈ സ്ഥലം ഇഷ്ടമായെന്നും ഇവിടെ അൽപസമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുമെന്നും പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. താങ്കൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗപ്പെടാവുന്ന ചില താളുകൾ താഴെ കൊടുക്കുന്നു. [[File:Lipi ml.png|thumb|350px|right|[[സഹായം:എഴുത്ത്|ലിപിമാറ്റ രീതിയിൽ മലയാളം ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്ന മൊഴി സ്കീമിന്റെ ചിത്രം]] * [[സഹായം:Tutorial|വീഡിയോ പരിശീലനം]] * [[സഹായം:ടൈപ്പിംഗ്‌|മലയാളത്തിലെഴുതാൻ]] * [[സഹായം:തിരുത്തൽ വഴികാട്ടി|ഒരു താൾ തിരുത്തിയെഴുതുന്നത് എങ്ങനെ?]] * [[സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം|സഹായ താളുകൾ]] * [[സഹായം:ചിത്ര സഹായി|ചിത്ര സഹായി]] * [[സഹായം:കീഴ്‌വഴക്കം|കീഴ്‌വഴക്കങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എഴുത്തുകളരി|എഴുത്തുകളരി]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ‎|വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും|വിക്കിപീഡിയിലെ നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും.]] താങ്കൾ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പുതുമുഖം|പുതുമുഖങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള താൾ]] പരിശോധിച്ചിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ ദയവായി അപ്രകാരം ചെയ്യാൻ താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു. [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കിപീഡിയർ|വിക്കിപീഡിയരിൽ]] ഒരാളായി ഇവിടെ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത് താങ്കൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് ഞാൻ കരുതുന്നു. താങ്കളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ‍ [[പ്രത്യേകം:Mypage|ഉപയോക്താവിനുള്ള താളിൽ]] നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്‌. സംവാദ താളുകളിൽ ഒപ്പ് വെക്കുവാനായി നാല് "ടിൽഡ" (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ, ടൂൾബാറിലെ [[File:Insert-signature.png]] ബട്ടൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക. സ്വന്തം പേരും തീയതിയും സമയവും താനേ വന്നുകൊള്ളും. എന്നാൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളിൽ അപ്രകാരം ഒപ്പുവെക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക. മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളോട് സം‌വദിക്കാൻ അവരുടെ സം‌വാദത്താളിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സന്ദേശം എഴുതാവുന്നതാണ്. വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും സഹായം ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ എന്റെ സംവാദ താളിൽ ഒരു കുറിപ്പ് ഇടൂ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സംവാദ താളിൽ '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' എന്ന് ചേർക്കൂ, ആരെങ്കിലും ഉടനെ തന്നെ താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കും. ഒരു നല്ല വിക്കിപീഡിയ അനുഭവം ആശംസിക്കുന്നു. വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ മലയാളം പദ്ധതികൾക്കായി ഒരു [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ് നിലവിലുണ്ട്]. ആ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വം എടുത്ത് താങ്കൾക്ക് വിക്കിപീഡിയയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അഭിപ്രായങ്ങളും, സംശയങ്ങളും, വിക്കിപീഡിയ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള വഴികളും ഒക്കെ അവിടെ ഉന്നയിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്‌. മെയിലിങ്ങ് ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l. ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം''' wikiml-l@lists.wikimedia.org''' എന്ന ഇമെയിൽ വിലാസത്തിലേക്കു ഇമെയിൽ അയച്ചാൽ മറ്റുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയർ നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. ഇനിയും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് തോന്നുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വിക്കിപീഡിയരോട് നേരിട്ട് സംശയം ചോദിക്കാൻ [[സഹായം:ഐ.ആർ.സി.|ചാറ്റ് ചെയ്യാം]]. ഇതിനായി [http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=wikipedia-ml ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക]. ആരെങ്കിലും ചാറ്റ്റൂമിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവർ തീർച്ചയായും താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കുന്നതാണ്. -- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സ്വാഗതസംഘം]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സംവാദം]]) 21:51, 8 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) 6wu6cln7il5ssexp9uia41urf7qjvt2 0 669132 4644283 4644122 2026-07-08T02:25:21Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[പ്രമാണം:Napoleon's_Tomb_on_Saint_Helena_2020.jpg|വലത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|സെന്റ് ഹെലേനയിലെ നെപ്പോളിയന്റെ ശവകുടീരം]] തെക്കേ അറ്റ്ലാന്റിക് സമുദ്രത്തിൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്ന ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് വിദേശ പ്രദേശമായ [[സൈന്റ് ഹെലേന|സെന്റ് ഹെലേനയിൽ]], 1821 മെയ് 5 ന് പ്രവാസകാലത്ത് മരണമടഞ്ഞ ഫ്രഞ്ച് ചക്രവർത്തിയായിരുന്ന [[നെപ്പോളിയൻ ബോണപ്പാർട്ട്|നെപ്പോളിയൻ ബോണപ്പാർട്ടിനെ]] ആദ്യം സംസ്കരിച്ച സ്ഥലമാണ് '''വാലി ഓഫ് ദ ടോംബ്''' ({{langx|fr|Vallée du Tombeau}}) നെപ്പോളിയൻ പതിവായി നടക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്ന സെയിൻ വാലി എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ആ താഴ്വരയെ അദ്ദേഹം ജെറേനിയങ്ങളുടെ താഴ്‌വര എന്ന് വിളിച്ചിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martineau |first=Michel |title=Napoleon's Exile on St Helena |last2=Young |first2=Pamela |last3=Francis |first3=Beverley |last4=Rusch |first4=Neil |date=2002 |publisher=St Helena Tourism |location=Jamestown, Saint Helena}}</ref> [[സൈന്റ് ഹെലേന|സെന്റ് ഹെലെനയിൽ]] സംസ്കരിക്കപ്പെടുമെന്ന് നെപ്പോളിയൻ ഒരിക്കൽപ്പോലും പ്രതീക്ഷിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല, എന്നാൽ അങ്ങനെ സംഭവിക്കുകയാണെങ്കിൽ, "ഹട്ട്സ് ഗേറ്റിൽ നിന്നെ കാണാൻ പോകുന്ന വഴിയിൽ, അവർ എല്ലാ ദിവസവും എനിക്ക് വെള്ളം കൊണ്ടുവരാൻ പോകുന്ന ജലധാരയുടെ അടുത്തായി, ഞാൻ വിശ്രമിക്കാറുണ്ടായിരുന്ന [[വില്ലോ]] മരങ്ങളുടെ തണലിൽ എന്നെ അടക്കം ചെയ്യുമോ" എന്നത് 1815-ൽ സെന്റ് ഹെലീന ദ്വീപിലേക്ക് അദ്ദേഹത്തോടൊപ്പം പോയ ഒരു ജനറലായ ഹെൻറി ഗാറ്റിയൻ ബെർട്രാൻഡിനോടുള്ള അദ്ദേഹത്തിൻ്റെ ഒരു അഭ്യർത്ഥനയായിരുന്നു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.napoleonsthelena.com/en/the-emperor-s-tomb/|title=The Emperor's Tomb|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Saint Helena Napoleonic Heritage}}</ref> 1821 മെയ് 5 ന് മരണമടഞ്ഞ അദ്ദേഹം 1821 മെയ് 9 ന് ഒരു ജനറലെന്ന നിലയിൽ പൂർണ്ണ സൈനിക ബഹുമതികളോടെയാണ് സംസ്കരിക്കപ്പെട്ടത്. 3,000 പേരടങ്ങുന്ന ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് കാവൽസേന മുഴുവൻ ആയുധങ്ങൾ തിരിച്ചുപിടിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് കോർട്ടേജിന്റെ വഴിയിൽ അണിനിരന്നിരുന്നു. ഫ്രഞ്ച് ജനറൽ ട്രിസ്റ്റാൻ ഡി മന്ഥോലോൺ ശവകുടീരത്തിൽ "നെപ്പോളിയൻ" എന്നും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ജനന-മരണ തീയതികൾ ആലേഖനം ചെയ്യണമെന്നും അഭ്യർത്ഥിച്ചെങ്കിലും ഗവർണർ സർ ഹഡ്സൺ ലോവ് ഈ അഭ്യർത്ഥന നിരാകരിക്കുകയും "ബോണപ്പാർട്ട്" എന്നു മാത്രം ചേർക്കണമെന്ന് ശഠിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഈ പ്രതിസന്ധിയുടെ ഫലമായി, ശവകുടീരത്തിന്റെ സ്ലാബ് ലിഖിതങ്ങളൊന്നുമില്ലാതെ ശൂന്യമായി കിടന്നു.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martineau |first=Michel |title=Napoleon's Exile on St Helena |last2=Young |first2=Pamela |last3=Francis |first3=Beverley |last4=Rusch |first4=Neil |date=2002 |publisher=St Helena Tourism |location=Jamestown, Saint Helena}}</ref> നെപ്പോളിയന്റെ ഭൗതികാവശിഷ്ടങ്ങൾ ഫ്രാൻസിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചയക്കണമെന്ന ലൂയിസ് ഫിലിപ്പ് ഒന്നാമൻ സർക്കാരിന്റെ അഭ്യർത്ഥന മാനിക്കപ്പെടുകുയും 1840 ഒക്ടോബർ 15 ന് പുറത്തെടുത്ത അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മൃതദേഹം പിന്നീട് ഫ്രാൻസിൽ എത്തിച്ച് പാരീസിലെ ഇൻവാലിഡസിൽ, ''റിടൂർ ഡെസ് സെൻഡ്രസ്'' എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു ചടങ്ങിൽവച്ച് പുനഃസംസ്കരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 1854-ൽ നെപ്പോളിയൻ മൂന്നാമന്റെ കീഴിലുള്ള ഫ്രഞ്ച് സർക്കാർ നെപ്പോളിയൻ ഓർമ്മയുണർത്തുന്ന വാലി ഓഫ് ടോംബ്, ലോംഗ്വുഡ് ഹൌസ് എന്നിവ വിലയ്ക്കു വാങ്ങാൻ ബ്രീട്ടീഷ് സർക്കാരുമായി ചർച്ച നടത്തി.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.napoleonsthelena.com/en/the-emperor-s-tomb/|title=The Emperor's Tomb|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Saint Helena Napoleonic Heritage}}</ref> 1858ൽ ഫ്രഞ്ച് സർക്കാർ വിലയ്ക്കു വാങ്ങിയ ഇത് നിലവിൽ ഒരു ഫ്രഞ്ച് പ്രതിനിധിയുടെ ഭരണത്തിലും ഫ്രഞ്ച് വിദേശകാര്യ മന്ത്രാലയത്തിന്റെ അധികാര പരിധിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. == ഗാലറി == <gallery> പ്രമാണം:Napoleon's_tomb_at_Saint_Helena_02.jpg പ്രമാണം:Sign_for_Napoleon's_Saint_Helena_tomb_by_the_road_entrance.jpg പ്രമാണം:Grassy_path_sloping_down_to_Napoleon's_tomb.jpg പ്രമാണം:Path_through_the_forest_leading_down_to_Napoleon's_Tomb_on_Saint_Helena.jpg പ്രമാണം:Napoleon's_Tomb_on_Saint_Helena_with_guardhouse_and_flag_pole.jpg പ്രമാണം:Tombe_de_l_Empereur_Napoleon_Ier_-_Vallee_du_Tombeau_-_2026.jpg പ്രമാണം:Horace_Vernet_(1789-1863)_-_Napoleon's_Tomb_-_P575_-_The_Wallace_Collection.jpg|ഹൊറേസ് വെർനെറ്റ് വരച്ച നെപ്പോളിയന്റെ ശവകുടീരം, 1821. (സെന്റ് ഹെലീനയിലെ നെപ്പോളിയന്റെ ശവസംസ്കാരത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള വെർനെറ്റിന്റെ സാങ്കൽപ്പികവും പ്രണയപരവുമായ ഒരു ചിത്രീകരണം.) </gallery> == അവലംബങ്ങൾ == 233suw0l3a7t2150zxww4rsde03p8oz 4 669159 4644211 2026-07-07T12:42:37Z Ranjithsiji 22471 create archive 4644211 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:41, 14 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:36, 21 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:14, 27 ജനുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 4 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:11, 11 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 17 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:30, 4 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 10 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 17 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:41, 24 മാർച്ച് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 1 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ലുവ പിഴവ് == വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ താഴെ കാണുന്ന ലുവ എറർ നിരന്തരമായി വരുന്നു. ലുവ പിഴവ് ഘടകം:Footnotes/anchor_id_list-ൽ 841 വരിയിൽ : Template list not yet created. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Akbarali|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">അക്ബറലി</span>{Akbarali}]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Akbarali|സംവാദം]]) 06:23, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) : എൻ്റെ അറിവിൽ വിവർത്തന താളുകൾ ഡ്രാഫ്റ്റിലെങ്കിലും എത്തിയ ശേഷം നോക്കുന്നതാവും നല്ലതെന്ന് തോനുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 13:24, 4 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:51, 7 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:23, 15 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:59, 21 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == ഘടകങ്ങളിൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ട്ടപെടുന്നതിനെ കുറിച്ച് == ഇക്കഴിഞ്ഞ വിക്കിമീഡിയൻസ് ഓഫ് കേരള പ്രതിമാസ ചർച്ചയിൽ ഒരു പ്രശ്നം ഉന്നയിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി. ഘടകങ്ങൾ മറ്റു ഭാഷകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ തർജ്ജമകൾ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നു എന്നത്. ഇതിനൊരു ചെറിയ പരിഹാരം ഉദിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. ആദ്യമായി താഴെ പറയുന്ന താളുകൾ ഒന്ന് സന്ദർശിക്കുക: *[[ഘടകം:Age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Birth date and age]] (നിലവിലുള്ള ഘടകം) *[[ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) *[[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample]] (പരീക്ഷണ ഘടകം) ചെയ്യാൻ ഉദ്ദേശിച്ചത്: Age എന്ന ഘടകത്തിന്റെ തുടക്ക ഭാഗങ്ങളിലെല്ലാം തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്തതോ ചെയ്യേണ്ടതോ ആയിട്ടുള്ള സന്ദേശങ്ങളാണ്. ഞാൻ ഇപ്പൊ ഇത് നേരിട്ട് അവിടെ തന്നെ തർജ്ജമ ചെയ്‌താൽ മറ്റാരെങ്കിലും മറ്റ്‌ ഭാഷയിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ ഘടകം ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്‌താൽ തർജ്ജമ നഷ്ടമാവും. ഇതിനുള്ള പരിഹാരം - മറ്റൊരു ഘടകത്തിൽ ഈ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ നൽകിയ ശേഷം പ്രധാന ഘടകത്തിൽ ആ സന്ദേശങ്ങൾ വിളിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്. ഇവിടെ Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData എന്ന ഘടകത്തിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത് ചരങ്ങളും അവയുടെ തർജ്ജമയും മാത്രമാണ്. പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷയിൽ പറഞ്ഞാൽ ഒരു ഡാറ്റാബേസ് ആയി ഇതിനെ (Sandbox/Adithyak1997/CommonData) കാണുക. ഈ ഡാറ്റാബേസിനെ വിളിക്കുകയാണ് പിന്നീട് ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age ഇൽ ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഈ ഘടകം (ഘടകം:Sandbox/Adithyak1997/Age) ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ഫലകം ആണ് ഫലകം:Adithyak1997/Birth date and age എന്നത്. ഒടുവിൽ ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997/InfoboxExample എന്ന ഇൻഫോബോക്സിൽ തെറ്റായി ജനനതീയതി കൊടുത്തപ്പോൾ commondata യിൽ കൊടുത്ത വാല്യൂ കാണിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. ഇതിന്റെ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ എന്റെ മനസ്സിൽ വന്നത്: *വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇൻബോക്സ് എന്ന സങ്കല്പം വരുമ്പോൾ ഇത് override ആവുമോ എന്നൊരു സംശയമുണ്ട്. *മലയാളം വിക്കിയിൽ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കിയാലും ഉടനെ ഇതിന് പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവില്ല.പ്രയോജനമുണ്ടാവണമെങ്കിൽ ഏത് വിക്കിയിൽ നിന്നാണോ ഇമ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യുന്നത് അവിടെ ഇത് പ്രാവർത്തികമാക്കണം. വിഷയത്തെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള നിങ്ങളുടെ അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Adithyak1997|സംവാദം]]) 17:33, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 28 ഏപ്രിൽ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:36, 12 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 21:53, 18 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:T Cells@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 19 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 26 മേയ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:53, 2 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 10 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 16 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:19, 23 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 30 ജൂൺ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 8 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 12:45, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:07, 14 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 21 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 29 ജൂലൈ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:39, 5 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 11 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Duplication of page after renaming == [[വിളയനൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] [[വിളയന്നൂർ എസ്. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ]] Looks like both existed separately following a 2013 renaming. [[പ്രത്യേകം:സംഭാവനകൾ/49.47.195.187|49.47.195.187]] 02:25, 13 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 19 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:10, 26 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Weekly highlight</span>''' * ഒരു പകർപ്പവകാശ ലംഘനം നീക്കം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ എഡിറ്റ് സംഗ്രഹങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ടെംപ്ലേറ്റുകൾ, സാങ്കേതിക പദങ്ങൾ, നയങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുടെ പട്ടിക തയ്യാറാക്കാൻ എഡിറ്റിംഗ് ടീം ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിലൂടെ പകർപ്പവകാശ പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളാൽ തിരികെ കൊണ്ടുവന്ന എഡിറ്റുകളുടെ എണ്ണം തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ സഹായിക്കും. താഴെപ്പറയുന്ന വിക്കികളിലെ കമ്മ്യൂണിറ്റി അംഗങ്ങളെ [[Phab:T402601|T402601]]-ൽ ഈ പദങ്ങൾ ചേർക്കാൻ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അവരുടെ പട്ടിക [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]-നൊപ്പം പങ്കിടാൻ ക്ഷണിക്കുന്നു: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/ml}}{{int:comma-separator/ml}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/ml}}. ഈ പ്രോജക്റ്റ് 2025 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 9 വരെ തുറന്നിരിക്കും. '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for editors</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page.</span> [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].</span> * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Updates for technical contributors</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|ആവർത്തിച്ച് വരുന്നത്]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Detailed code updates later this week:</span> [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Meetings and events</span>''' * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].</span> ** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|ടെക് വാർത്തകൾ]]''' തയാറാക്കിയത്-[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|ടെക് ന്യൂസ് എഴുത്തുകാർ]], പോസ്റ്റുചെയ്തത് [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|സംഭാവന ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|വിവർത്തനം ചെയ്യുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|സഹായം തേടു]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|അഭിപ്രായങ്ങൾ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തുക]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|സബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക/അൺസബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബുചെയ്യുക]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:48, 1 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:12, 9 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:05, 15 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:54, 22 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 29 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:21, 6 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 13 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 20 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 27 ഒക്ടോബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 3 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:37, 10 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:25, 17 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:55, 24 നവംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 1 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 8 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:02, 15 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:44, 22 ഡിസംബർ 2025 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 00:35, 6 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-22_Wikipedias&oldid=29825860 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 ജനുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 9 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|സംവാദം]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 മാർച്ച് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 17:09, 3 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:ZI Jony@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 ഏപ്രിൽ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:MediaWiki message delivery|സംവാദം]]) 03:07, 29 മേയ് 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 ജൂൺ 2026 (UTC) <!-- https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 എന്ന പട്ടിക ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഉപയോക്താവ്:STei (WMF)@metawiki അയച്ച സന്ദേശം --> 444nfiq6s9ujnb0wwaovzj5ii52fwtt 6 669160 4644227 2026-07-07T15:29:18Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 == Summary == {{Non-free use rationale poster | Article = Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha | Use = Infobox | Media = film | Distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies | Graphic Artist = | Source = }} == Licensing == {{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2020s Indian film posters}} 4644227 wikitext text/x-wiki == ചുരുക്കം == == Summary == {{Non-free use rationale poster | Article = Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha | Use = Infobox | Media = film | Distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies | Graphic Artist = | Source = }} == Licensing == {{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2020s Indian film posters}} gvm2put5fli4gyzy67hfnxlr4ikxds3 4644229 4644227 2026-07-07T15:29:43Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* Summary */ 4644229 wikitext text/x-wiki == ചുരുക്കം == == Summary == {{Non-free use rationale poster | Article = സുരേശന്റെയും സുമലതയുടെയും ഹൃദയഹാരിയായ പ്രണയകഥ | Use = Infobox | Media = film | Distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies | Graphic Artist = | Source = }} == Licensing == {{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2020s Indian film posters}} 1x8o53k1caataddxtfgwgp73ube53cx 0 669161 4644231 2026-07-07T15:34:56Z Prabhakm1971 161673 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347635601|Viaduct]]" എന്ന താൾ പരിഭാഷപ്പെടുത്തിയത്. 4644231 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox bridge type|type_name=Viaduct|image=Laighmilton1.JPG|image_title=The 1812 [[Laigh Milton Viaduct]] in Ayrshire – the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland|sibling_names=[[Aqueduct (bridge)|Aqueduct]]{{cn|date=April 2026}}|descendent_names=None|ancestor_names=[[Trestle bridge]], [[box girder bridge]]{{cn|date=April 2026}}|carries=[[Controlled-access highway|Expressways]], highways, streets, railways|span_range=Short (multiple)|material=[[reinforced concrete]], [[prestressed concrete]], [[masonry]]|movable=No|design=medium|falsework=available for use, since viaducts are all composed of low bridges.}}ഉയരത്തിൽ കടന്നുപോകുന്ന റെയിലിലോ റോഡിലോ നിർമ്മിക്കുന്ന കമാനങ്ങളോ, തൂണുകളോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ [[തൂൺ|സ്തംഭങ്ങളോ]] ഉപയോഗിച്ചുളള പാലമാണ് '''''തൂൺപാത (Viaduct)'''''. സാധാരണയായി ഒരു തൂൺപാത ഏകദേശം തുല്യ ഉയരമുള്ള രണ്ട് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു, വിശാലമായ താഴ്വര, റോഡ്, നദി, താഴ്ന്ന ഭൂപ്രദേശങ്ങൾ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മറ്റ് തടസ്സങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് കുറുകെ കടന്നുപോകുന്നു.<ref name="oxf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oed.com/|title=viaduct – Definition of viaduct in English by Oxford English Dictionary|access-date=21 September 2020|website=OED}}</ref><ref name="mer-web">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viaduct|title=Definition of VIADUCT|access-date=27 March 2018|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> "റോഡ്" എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന [[ലത്തീൻ|ലാറ്റിൻ]] പദത്തിൽ നിന്നും "നയിക്കുക" എന്നർഥം വരുന്ന ഡ്യൂസെറിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് വയഡക്റ്റ് എന്ന പദം ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞത്. [[പ്രാചീന റോം|പുരാതന റോമൻ]] ജലസംഭരണികളുമായുള്ള സാമ്യത്തിൽ നിന്ന് 19-ാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞതാണ് ഇത്.<ref name="oxf" /> റോമൻ ജലസംഭരണികളെപ്പോലെ, പല ആദ്യകാല തൂൺപാതകളിലും ഏകദേശം തുല്യ നീളമുള്ള കമാനങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു പരമ്പര ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. == ഭൂമിക്ക് മുകളിലൂടെ == [[പ്രമാണം:Ouse_Valley_Viaduct_02.jpg|ഇടത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ സസെക്സിലെ ഔസ് വാലി തൂൺപാത]] പുരാതന കാലത്തെ ഏറ്റവും ദൈർഘ്യമേറിയ തൂൺപാത തെക്കൻ ഫ്രാൻസിലെ വിശാലമായ ചതുപ്പുകൾ കടക്കുന്ന പോണ്ട് സെർമ ആയിരിക്കാം.<ref>Colin O’Connor: Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press 1993, {{ISBN|0-521-39326-4}}, p. 99</ref> ഏറ്റവും നീളം കൂടിയ സ്ഥലമായ ഈ നദിയുടെ നീളം 2,679 മീറ്ററും വീതി 22 മീറ്ററുമാണ്. ചിക്കാഗോ, ബർമിംഗ്ഹാം, ലണ്ടൻ, [[മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ]] തുടങ്ങിയ റെയിൽവേ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങളായ നിരവധി നഗരങ്ങളിൽ തൂൺപാതകൾ സാധാരണയായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. [[പ്രമാണം:Viaduct_near_Slade,_Plymouth_-_Nicholas_Matthew_Condy_-_60_1937_1.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|Viaduct near Slade, Plymouth, painting by Nicholas Matthew Condy]] കരയിലൂടെയുള്ള പല തൂൺപാതകളും ഒരൈ ഉയരത്തിലുള്ള പോയിന്റുകളെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു, == വെള്ളത്തിന് മുകളിൽ == [[File:ViaducdeMillau.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[മിലൗ പാലം|മില്ലൌ തൂൺപാത]]]] വെള്ളത്തിന് മുകളിലുള്ള വയഡക്റ്റുകൾ ദ്വീപുകളെയോ തുടർച്ചയായ കമാനങ്ങളെയോ ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നു. [[പ്രമാണം:P1060258_Paris_XII_boulevard_Daumesnil_arcades_rwk.JPG|നടുവിൽ|ലഘുചിത്രം|വിയഡക് ഡെസ് ആർട്സ്, പാരീസ്, ഫ്രാൻസ്]] == ഇതും കാണുക == {{കവാടം|Transport|Engineering|Architecture}}  == അവലംബം == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|22em}} == ബാഹ്യകണ്ണികൾ == * {{Commons category-inline|Viaducts}} *   {{Bridge footer}}{{Authority Control}} 0f30zp9pm2c3tae5egu8ikwr8qqvw9y 4644233 4644231 2026-07-07T15:40:14Z Prabhakm1971 161673 Prabhakm1971 എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവ് [[തൂൺപാലം]] എന്ന താൾ [[തൂൺപാത]] എന്നാക്കി മാറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്നു 4644231 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox bridge type|type_name=Viaduct|image=Laighmilton1.JPG|image_title=The 1812 [[Laigh Milton Viaduct]] in Ayrshire – the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland|sibling_names=[[Aqueduct (bridge)|Aqueduct]]{{cn|date=April 2026}}|descendent_names=None|ancestor_names=[[Trestle bridge]], [[box girder bridge]]{{cn|date=April 2026}}|carries=[[Controlled-access highway|Expressways]], highways, streets, railways|span_range=Short (multiple)|material=[[reinforced concrete]], [[prestressed concrete]], [[masonry]]|movable=No|design=medium|falsework=available for use, since viaducts are all composed of low bridges.}}ഉയരത്തിൽ കടന്നുപോകുന്ന റെയിലിലോ റോഡിലോ നിർമ്മിക്കുന്ന കമാനങ്ങളോ, തൂണുകളോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ [[തൂൺ|സ്തംഭങ്ങളോ]] ഉപയോഗിച്ചുളള പാലമാണ് '''''തൂൺപാത (Viaduct)'''''. സാധാരണയായി ഒരു തൂൺപാത ഏകദേശം തുല്യ ഉയരമുള്ള രണ്ട് സ്ഥാനങ്ങളെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു, വിശാലമായ താഴ്വര, റോഡ്, നദി, താഴ്ന്ന ഭൂപ്രദേശങ്ങൾ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മറ്റ് തടസ്സങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് കുറുകെ കടന്നുപോകുന്നു.<ref name="oxf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oed.com/|title=viaduct – Definition of viaduct in English by Oxford English Dictionary|access-date=21 September 2020|website=OED}}</ref><ref name="mer-web">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/viaduct|title=Definition of VIADUCT|access-date=27 March 2018|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> "റോഡ്" എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന [[ലത്തീൻ|ലാറ്റിൻ]] പദത്തിൽ നിന്നും "നയിക്കുക" എന്നർഥം വരുന്ന ഡ്യൂസെറിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് വയഡക്റ്റ് എന്ന പദം ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞത്. [[പ്രാചീന റോം|പുരാതന റോമൻ]] ജലസംഭരണികളുമായുള്ള സാമ്യത്തിൽ നിന്ന് 19-ാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞതാണ് ഇത്.<ref name="oxf" /> റോമൻ ജലസംഭരണികളെപ്പോലെ, പല ആദ്യകാല തൂൺപാതകളിലും ഏകദേശം തുല്യ നീളമുള്ള കമാനങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു പരമ്പര ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. == ഭൂമിക്ക് മുകളിലൂടെ == [[പ്രമാണം:Ouse_Valley_Viaduct_02.jpg|ഇടത്ത്‌|ലഘുചിത്രം|ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ സസെക്സിലെ ഔസ് വാലി തൂൺപാത]] പുരാതന കാലത്തെ ഏറ്റവും ദൈർഘ്യമേറിയ തൂൺപാത തെക്കൻ ഫ്രാൻസിലെ വിശാലമായ ചതുപ്പുകൾ കടക്കുന്ന പോണ്ട് സെർമ ആയിരിക്കാം.<ref>Colin O’Connor: Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press 1993, {{ISBN|0-521-39326-4}}, p. 99</ref> ഏറ്റവും നീളം കൂടിയ സ്ഥലമായ ഈ നദിയുടെ നീളം 2,679 മീറ്ററും വീതി 22 മീറ്ററുമാണ്. ചിക്കാഗോ, ബർമിംഗ്ഹാം, ലണ്ടൻ, [[മാഞ്ചസ്റ്റർ]] തുടങ്ങിയ റെയിൽവേ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങളായ നിരവധി നഗരങ്ങളിൽ തൂൺപാതകൾ സാധാരണയായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. [[പ്രമാണം:Viaduct_near_Slade,_Plymouth_-_Nicholas_Matthew_Condy_-_60_1937_1.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|Viaduct near Slade, Plymouth, painting by Nicholas Matthew Condy]] കരയിലൂടെയുള്ള പല തൂൺപാതകളും ഒരൈ ഉയരത്തിലുള്ള പോയിന്റുകളെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്നു, == വെള്ളത്തിന് മുകളിൽ == [[File:ViaducdeMillau.jpg|ലഘുചിത്രം|[[മിലൗ പാലം|മില്ലൌ തൂൺപാത]]]] വെള്ളത്തിന് മുകളിലുള്ള വയഡക്റ്റുകൾ ദ്വീപുകളെയോ തുടർച്ചയായ കമാനങ്ങളെയോ ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നു. [[പ്രമാണം:P1060258_Paris_XII_boulevard_Daumesnil_arcades_rwk.JPG|നടുവിൽ|ലഘുചിത്രം|വിയഡക് ഡെസ് ആർട്സ്, പാരീസ്, ഫ്രാൻസ്]] == ഇതും കാണുക == {{കവാടം|Transport|Engineering|Architecture}}  == അവലംബം == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|22em}} == ബാഹ്യകണ്ണികൾ == * {{Commons category-inline|Viaducts}} *   {{Bridge footer}}{{Authority Control}} 0f30zp9pm2c3tae5egu8ikwr8qqvw9y 0 669162 4644234 2026-07-07T15:40:15Z Prabhakm1971 161673 Prabhakm1971 എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവ് [[തൂൺപാലം]] എന്ന താൾ [[തൂൺപാത]] എന്നാക്കി മാറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്നു 4644234 wikitext text/x-wiki #തിരിച്ചുവിടുക [[തൂൺപാത]] 394f6gskj9ypuhuzm18f9lo54ibvbad 3 669163 4644240 2026-07-07T16:32:53Z Mfield 212183 Mfield എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവ് [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:BuickCentury04]] എന്ന താൾ [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:2001FordRangerXLT]] എന്നാക്കി മാറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്നു: "[[Special:CentralAuth/BuickCentury04|BuickCentury04]]" എന്ന ഉപയോക്താവിനെ "[[Special:CentralAuth/2001FordRangerXLT|2001FordRangerXLT]]" എന്നു പേരുമാറ്റിയപ്പോൾ താൾ കൂടെ സ്വയം മാറിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. 4644240 wikitext text/x-wiki #തിരിച്ചുവിടുക [[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:2001FordRangerXLT]] 1zuxmlnn2bpfeb8ibb3rtpsqyjd7s2g 3 669164 4644245 2026-07-07T17:03:23Z സ്വാഗതസംഘം 39256 ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം താളിൽ [[ബദൽ:സ്വാഗതം|സ്വാഗത സന്ദേശം]] ചേർക്കുന്നു 4644245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നമസ്കാരം {{#if: Anoopmasteraroli | Anoopmasteraroli | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }} !''', [[മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയ|മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിലേക്ക്‌]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ആമുഖം|സ്വാഗതം]]. താങ്കളുടെ അംഗത്വത്തിന് നന്ദി. താങ്കൾക്ക്‌ ഈ സ്ഥലം ഇഷ്ടമായെന്നും ഇവിടെ അൽപസമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുമെന്നും പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. താങ്കൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗപ്പെടാവുന്ന ചില താളുകൾ താഴെ കൊടുക്കുന്നു. [[File:Lipi ml.png|thumb|350px|right|[[സഹായം:എഴുത്ത്|ലിപിമാറ്റ രീതിയിൽ മലയാളം ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്ന മൊഴി സ്കീമിന്റെ ചിത്രം]] * [[സഹായം:Tutorial|വീഡിയോ പരിശീലനം]] * [[സഹായം:ടൈപ്പിംഗ്‌|മലയാളത്തിലെഴുതാൻ]] * [[സഹായം:തിരുത്തൽ വഴികാട്ടി|ഒരു താൾ തിരുത്തിയെഴുതുന്നത് എങ്ങനെ?]] * [[സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം|സഹായ താളുകൾ]] * [[സഹായം:ചിത്ര സഹായി|ചിത്ര സഹായി]] * [[സഹായം:കീഴ്‌വഴക്കം|കീഴ്‌വഴക്കങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എഴുത്തുകളരി|എഴുത്തുകളരി]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ‎|വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും|വിക്കിപീഡിയിലെ നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും.]] താങ്കൾ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പുതുമുഖം|പുതുമുഖങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള താൾ]] പരിശോധിച്ചിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ ദയവായി അപ്രകാരം ചെയ്യാൻ താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു. [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കിപീഡിയർ|വിക്കിപീഡിയരിൽ]] ഒരാളായി ഇവിടെ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത് താങ്കൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് ഞാൻ കരുതുന്നു. താങ്കളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ‍ [[പ്രത്യേകം:Mypage|ഉപയോക്താവിനുള്ള താളിൽ]] നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്‌. സംവാദ താളുകളിൽ ഒപ്പ് വെക്കുവാനായി നാല് "ടിൽഡ" (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ, ടൂൾബാറിലെ [[File:Insert-signature.png]] ബട്ടൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക. സ്വന്തം പേരും തീയതിയും സമയവും താനേ വന്നുകൊള്ളും. എന്നാൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളിൽ അപ്രകാരം ഒപ്പുവെക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക. മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളോട് സം‌വദിക്കാൻ അവരുടെ സം‌വാദത്താളിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സന്ദേശം എഴുതാവുന്നതാണ്. വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും സഹായം ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ എന്റെ സംവാദ താളിൽ ഒരു കുറിപ്പ് ഇടൂ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സംവാദ താളിൽ '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' എന്ന് ചേർക്കൂ, ആരെങ്കിലും ഉടനെ തന്നെ താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കും. ഒരു നല്ല വിക്കിപീഡിയ അനുഭവം ആശംസിക്കുന്നു. വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ മലയാളം പദ്ധതികൾക്കായി ഒരു [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ് നിലവിലുണ്ട്]. ആ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വം എടുത്ത് താങ്കൾക്ക് വിക്കിപീഡിയയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അഭിപ്രായങ്ങളും, സംശയങ്ങളും, വിക്കിപീഡിയ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള വഴികളും ഒക്കെ അവിടെ ഉന്നയിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്‌. മെയിലിങ്ങ് ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l. ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം''' wikiml-l@lists.wikimedia.org''' എന്ന ഇമെയിൽ വിലാസത്തിലേക്കു ഇമെയിൽ അയച്ചാൽ മറ്റുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയർ നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. ഇനിയും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് തോന്നുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വിക്കിപീഡിയരോട് നേരിട്ട് സംശയം ചോദിക്കാൻ [[സഹായം:ഐ.ആർ.സി.|ചാറ്റ് ചെയ്യാം]]. ഇതിനായി [http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=wikipedia-ml ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക]. ആരെങ്കിലും ചാറ്റ്റൂമിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവർ തീർച്ചയായും താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കുന്നതാണ്. -- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സ്വാഗതസംഘം]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സംവാദം]]) 17:03, 7 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) hipo4a5irf7l9xokabvsemq4hcr7bxc 100 669165 4644247 2026-07-07T17:30:00Z Aby John Vannilam 13754 പുതിയത് 4644247 wikitext text/x-wiki === 2026 ജൂലൈ 7 ചൊവ്വാഴ്ച === '''1201 മിഥുനം 23''' ലോകം *24 മണിക്കൂറിനിടെ മൂന്നാമത്തെ വാണിജ്യ കപ്പലിന് നേരെയും [[ഹോർമൂസ് കടലിടുക്ക്|ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിൽ]] ആക്രമണമുണ്ടായി. ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിൽ രണ്ട് വാണിജ്യ കപ്പലുകൾക്ക് നേരെ [[ഇറാൻ]] ആക്രമണം നടത്തിയതായി അമേരിക്ക ആരോപിച്ചിരുന്നു. വൈകീട്ടോടെയാണ് ഹോർമുസിൽ മൂന്നാമത്തെ കപ്പൽ ആക്രമണവും റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തതു. [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് നാവികസേന|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് നാവികസേനയുടെ]] കീഴിൽ ഈ മേഖലയിലെ കപ്പൽ ഗതാഗതം നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്ന [[യു.കെ. മാരിടൈം ട്രേഡ് ഓപ്പറേഷൻസ്]] ആണ് ആക്രമണവിവരം പുറത്തുവിട്ടത്. ഖത്തറിന്റെ എൽ.എൻ.ജി. കാരിയറിന് നേരെ ആക്രമണമുണ്ടായതായി നേരത്തെ റിപ്പോർട്ട് വന്നിരുന്നു. ഇതിന് തൊട്ടുപിന്നാലെയാണ് [[സൗദി അറേബ്യ|സൗദി അറേബ്യയുടെ]] ക്രൂഡ് ഓയിൽ ടാങ്കറിന് നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ സംഭവിച്ചത്. ആക്രമണത്തിന്റെ ഉത്തരവാദിത്തം ഇതുവരെ ആരും ഏറ്റെടുത്തിട്ടില്ലാത്ത സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിലൂടെ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ കപ്പലുകളും അതീവ ജാഗ്രത പാലിക്കാനും സംശയാസ്പദമായ നീക്കങ്ങൾ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യാനും ഏജൻസി കർശന നിർദ്ദേശം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. *[[ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ|ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ് [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയുടെ]] യഥാർത്ഥ സുഹൃത്താണെന്ന് [[ജക്കാർത്ത|ജക്കാർത്തയിൽ]] പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി [[നരേന്ദ്ര മോദി]]. ഇന്ത്യ *[[കോക്രോച്ച് ജനതാ പാർട്ടി|കോക്രോച്ച് ജനതാ പാർട്ടിയുടെ]] എക്‌സ് അക്കൗണ്ട് അൺബ്ലോക്ക് ചെയ്യാൻ [[ഡെൽഹി ഹൈക്കോടതി|ഡൽഹി ഹൈക്കോടതി]] ഉത്തരവിട്ടു *[[ബദരിനാഥ് ക്ഷേത്രം|ബദരീനാഥ്]] വഴിപാട് മോഷണ കേസിൽ കമ്മിറ്റി ചെയർമാന്റെ പേഴ്സണൽ സെക്രട്ടറിയെ സസ്പെൻഡ് ചെയ്തു. കേരളം *രണ്ടു ദിവസമായി പെയ്യുന്ന കനത്ത മഴയെത്തുടർന്നു [[വയനാട്]] മേപ്പാടി ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് പന്ത്രണ്ടാം വാർഡിലെ കള്ളാടി തുരങ്കപാത നിർമ്മാണ പ്രദേശത്തു് മീനാക്ഷി പാലത്തിനടുത്തുണ്ടായ മണ്ണിടിച്ചിലിൽ മൂന്ന് മരണം സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ചു. ഒൻപത് പേർ വിംസ് ആശുപത്രിയിൽ ചികിത്സയിലാണ്. ഏഴുപേരെ കാണാതായതായും വിവരം. മേപ്പാടിയിൽ നിർമാണം നടക്കുന്ന ഭാഗത്തിന് സമീപത്തെ മണ്ണെടുത്ത പ്രദേശത്തുനിന്ന് വലിയ തോതിൽ മണ്ണ് റോഡിലേക്ക് പതിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. കാണാതായവർക്കായുള്ള തിരച്ചിൽ തുടരുകയാണ്. എൻഡിആർഎഫ്, പൊലീസ്, ഫയർഫോഴ്‌സ്, നാട്ടുകാർ എന്നിവരുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ രക്ഷാപ്രവർത്തനം പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നു. പ്രദേശത്ത് മഴ തുടരുന്നതിനാൽ രക്ഷാപ്രവർത്തനം വെല്ലുവിളിയേറിയ സാഹചര്യത്തിലാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്. {{തിരുത്തുക|കവാടം:സമകാലികം/2026 ജൂലൈ 7}} ------- <!-- ലോകം ഇന്ത്യ കേരളം --> j8bhcel8zh72mzkfeqei29swoa37sj3 4644248 4644247 2026-07-07T17:37:56Z Aby John Vannilam 13754 ചെറിയ തിരുത്തൽ 4644248 wikitext text/x-wiki === 2026 ജൂലൈ 7 ചൊവ്വാഴ്ച === '''1201 മിഥുനം 23''' ലോകം *24 മണിക്കൂറിനിടെ മൂന്നാമത്തെ വാണിജ്യ കപ്പലിന് നേരെയും [[ഹോർമൂസ് കടലിടുക്ക്|ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിൽ]] ആക്രമണമുണ്ടായി. ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിൽ രണ്ട് വാണിജ്യ കപ്പലുകൾക്ക് നേരെ [[ഇറാൻ]] ആക്രമണം നടത്തിയതായി അമേരിക്ക ആരോപിച്ചിരുന്നു. വൈകീട്ടോടെയാണ് ഹോർമുസിൽ മൂന്നാമത്തെ കപ്പൽ ആക്രമണവും റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തതു. [[ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് നാവികസേന|ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് നാവികസേനയുടെ]] കീഴിൽ ഈ മേഖലയിലെ കപ്പൽ ഗതാഗതം നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്ന [[യു.കെ. മാരിടൈം ട്രേഡ് ഓപ്പറേഷൻസ്]] ആണ് ആക്രമണവിവരം പുറത്തുവിട്ടത്. ഖത്തറിന്റെ എൽ.എൻ.ജി. കാരിയറിന് നേരെ ആക്രമണമുണ്ടായതായി നേരത്തെ റിപ്പോർട്ട് വന്നിരുന്നു. ഇതിന് തൊട്ടുപിന്നാലെയാണ് [[സൗദി അറേബ്യ|സൗദി അറേബ്യയുടെ]] ക്രൂഡ് ഓയിൽ ടാങ്കറിന് നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ സംഭവിച്ചത്. ആക്രമണത്തിന്റെ ഉത്തരവാദിത്തം ഇതുവരെ ആരും ഏറ്റെടുത്തിട്ടില്ലാത്ത സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിലൂടെ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ കപ്പലുകളും അതീവ ജാഗ്രത പാലിക്കാനും സംശയാസ്പദമായ നീക്കങ്ങൾ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്യാനും ഏജൻസി കർശന നിർദ്ദേശം നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. *[[ഫ്രാൻസ്|ഫ്രഞ്ച്]] പ്രസിഡന്റ് [[ഇമ്മാനുവൽ മാക്രോൺ|ഇമ്മാനുവൽ മാക്രോണിന്റെ]] സന്ദർശന വേളയിൽ [[സിറിയ|സിറിയൻ]] തലസ്ഥാനമായ [[ദമാസ്കസ്|ഡമാസ്കസിൽ]] സ്ഫോടനം. മാക്രോൺ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഹോട്ടലിന് സമീപത്തായി ചൊവ്വാഴ്ച രണ്ട് സ്ഫോടനങ്ങളാണു നടന്നത്. ബോംബുകളിലൊന്ന് ചപ്പുചവറുകൾക്കുള്ളിൽ ഒളിപ്പിച്ചുവെച്ച നിലയിലും മറ്റൊന്ന് ഹോട്ടലിന് സമീപത്തെ വാഹനത്തിനുള്ളിലുമായിരുന്നു. സ്ഫോടനത്തിൽ നാല് പൊലീസ് ഉദ്യോഗസ്ഥർ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഏകദേശം 18 പേർക്ക് പരിക്കേറ്റതായി [[അൽ ജസീറ (ടെലിവിഷൻ)|അൽ ജസിറ]] റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തു. *[[ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ|ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ് [[ഇന്ത്യ|ഇന്ത്യയുടെ]] യഥാർത്ഥ സുഹൃത്താണെന്ന് [[ജക്കാർത്ത|ജക്കാർത്തയിൽ]] പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി [[നരേന്ദ്ര മോദി]]. ഇന്ത്യ *[[കോക്രോച്ച് ജനതാ പാർട്ടി|കോക്രോച്ച് ജനതാ പാർട്ടിയുടെ]] എക്‌സ് അക്കൗണ്ട് അൺബ്ലോക്ക് ചെയ്യാൻ [[ഡെൽഹി ഹൈക്കോടതി|ഡൽഹി ഹൈക്കോടതി]] ഉത്തരവിട്ടു *[[ബദരിനാഥ് ക്ഷേത്രം|ബദരീനാഥ്]] വഴിപാട് മോഷണ കേസിൽ കമ്മിറ്റി ചെയർമാന്റെ പേഴ്സണൽ സെക്രട്ടറിയെ സസ്പെൻഡ് ചെയ്തു. കേരളം *രണ്ടു ദിവസമായി പെയ്യുന്ന കനത്ത മഴയെത്തുടർന്നു [[വയനാട്]] മേപ്പാടി ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് പന്ത്രണ്ടാം വാർഡിലെ കള്ളാടി തുരങ്കപാത നിർമ്മാണ പ്രദേശത്തു് മീനാക്ഷി പാലത്തിനടുത്തുണ്ടായ മണ്ണിടിച്ചിലിൽ മൂന്ന് മരണം സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ചു. ഒൻപത് പേർ വിംസ് ആശുപത്രിയിൽ ചികിത്സയിലാണ്. ഏഴുപേരെ കാണാതായതായും വിവരം. മേപ്പാടിയിൽ നിർമാണം നടക്കുന്ന ഭാഗത്തിന് സമീപത്തെ മണ്ണെടുത്ത പ്രദേശത്തുനിന്ന് വലിയ തോതിൽ മണ്ണ് റോഡിലേക്ക് പതിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു. കാണാതായവർക്കായുള്ള തിരച്ചിൽ തുടരുകയാണ്. എൻഡിആർഎഫ്, പൊലീസ്, ഫയർഫോഴ്‌സ്, നാട്ടുകാർ എന്നിവരുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ രക്ഷാപ്രവർത്തനം പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നു. പ്രദേശത്ത് മഴ തുടരുന്നതിനാൽ രക്ഷാപ്രവർത്തനം വെല്ലുവിളിയേറിയ സാഹചര്യത്തിലാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്. {{തിരുത്തുക|കവാടം:സമകാലികം/2026 ജൂലൈ 7}} ------- <!-- ലോകം ഇന്ത്യ കേരളം --> kgqspolwz6m2reei0nxq3q81nqt5ooc 2 669166 4644249 2026-07-07T17:43:51Z Anoopmasteraroli 220065 'എം.കെ. അനൂപ് കുമാർ ജനനം 1969 കണ്ണൂർ ചൊവ്വ സ്വദേശി ഗണിത അധ്യാപകൻ ചെറുകഥാകൃത്ത്' താൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു 4644249 wikitext text/x-wiki എം.കെ. അനൂപ് കുമാർ ജനനം 1969 കണ്ണൂർ ചൊവ്വ സ്വദേശി ഗണിത അധ്യാപകൻ ചെറുകഥാകൃത്ത് ndyazf41en9wkolqjnuufyc6dgdhbpk 0 669167 4644254 2026-07-07T19:05:30Z Kiran Gopi 10521 പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ 4644254 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ. നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1921 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്വിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ് സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. hsbvp9az51bwmrgeaizskjpel9s0p5q 4644256 4644254 2026-07-07T19:06:03Z Kiran Gopi 10521 +[[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]]; +[[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്റ്]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 4644256 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ. നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1921 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്വിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ് സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] 8ni3w7ljegp0vjh42sucf8lq76otmvg 4644257 4644256 2026-07-07T19:06:45Z Kiran Gopi 10521 +[[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]]; +[[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]]; +[[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]]; +[[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്റ്]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 4644257 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ. നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1921 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്വിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ് സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] lq11n1qlqzlb7l2dvtdcnqi0ngwnuh3 4644258 4644257 2026-07-07T19:07:37Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644258 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ. നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1921 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്വിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ് സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{Fourth KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] a7l5vpuyyt5ayd3yrgdhw3gb0wjvne5 4644259 4644258 2026-07-07T19:09:38Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644259 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു '''പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ.''' [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ]] [[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> 1921 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്തിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ്]] സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് [[പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല|പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{Fourth KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] q1hz74wq1w1i0kz1bkpsz1v1e65kyl2 4644261 4644259 2026-07-07T19:19:18Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644261 wikitext text/x-wiki കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു '''പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ.''' [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ]] [[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> 1921 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്തിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ്]] സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് [[പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല|പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. == തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ചരിത്രം == {| class="wikitable" !ക്രമം !വർഷം !മണ്ഡലം !വിജയിച്ച സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ടുകൾ !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം !തൊട്ടടുത്ത സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ |- |1 |1970 |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ|പി.വി.എസ്.എം. തങ്ങൾ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്ലീം ലീഗ്]] |35,599 |11,654 |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ഐ.എസ്.പി.]] |23,945 |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{Fourth KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] pupl2pqel4iejmzh2rghd1fb9ch1n4z 4644263 4644261 2026-07-07T19:30:16Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|P.V.S. Mustafa Pookoya Thangal}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ |image = PVS Mustafa Pookoya Thangal.jpg |birth_name = |imagesize = |caption = ||office = [[കേരള നിയമസഭ|കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ അംഗം]] |constituency =[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം]] |term_start = [[ഏപ്രിൽ 10]] [[1970]] |term_end = [[മാർച്ച് 22]] [[1977]] |predecessor =[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |successor =[[കെ.പി. രാമൻ]] |salary = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|08|10}} |birth_place = |residence = |death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|2|13|1921|08|10}} |death_place = |party =[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്]] |religion = |father = |mother= |spouse =ആയിഷ ബീവി |children = 3 മകൻ, 1 മകൾ |website = |footnotes = |date = ജൂലൈ 7 |year = 2026 |source =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm നിയമസഭ }} കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു '''പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ.''' [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ]] [[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> 1921 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്തിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ്]] സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് [[പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല|പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. == തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ചരിത്രം == {| class="wikitable" !ക്രമം !വർഷം !മണ്ഡലം !വിജയിച്ച സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ടുകൾ !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം !തൊട്ടടുത്ത സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ |- |1 |1970 |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ|പി.വി.എസ്.എം. തങ്ങൾ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്ലീം ലീഗ്]] |35,599 |11,654 |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ഐ.എസ്.പി.]] |23,945 |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{Fourth KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] 4iyg1pbgbumwmmzfm80xldq6ls4k5dq 4644267 4644263 2026-07-07T19:33:35Z Kiran Gopi 10521 /* */ 4644267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{prettyurl|P.V.S. Mustafa Pookoya Thangal}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ |image = PVS Mustafa Pookoya Thangal.jpg |birth_name = |imagesize = |caption = ||office = [[കേരള നിയമസഭ|കേരള നിയമസഭയിലെ അംഗം]] |constituency =[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം]] |term_start = [[ഏപ്രിൽ 10]] [[1970]] |term_end = [[മാർച്ച് 22]] [[1977]] |predecessor =[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |successor =[[കെ.പി. രാമൻ]] |salary = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|08|10}} |birth_place = |residence = |death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|2|13|1921|08|10}} |death_place = |party =[[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്]] |religion = |father = |mother= |spouse =ആയിഷ ബീവി |children = 3 മകൻ, 1 മകൾ |website = |footnotes = |date = ജൂലൈ 7 |year = 2026 |source =http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm നിയമസഭ }} കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും, ഇസ്‌ലാമിക പണ്ഡിതനും, സാമുദായിക പ്രവർത്തകനുമായിരുന്നു '''പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ.''' [[നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭ|നാലാം കേരളനിയമസഭയിൽ]] [[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം|കുന്ദമംഗലം മണ്ഡലത്തിൽ]] നിന്നും കേരളനിയമസഭയിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> 1921 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ഐദറൂസ് ഖബീലയിലെ സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ സീതിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ - സയ്യിദ് ഫാത്തിമ ദമ്പതികളുടെ നാലാമത്തെ മകനായി ജനിച്ചു. ആയിഷ ബീവിയായിരുന്നു ഭാര്യ, ഇവർക്ക് മൂന്ന് ആൺമക്കളും ഒരു മകളുമുണ്ട്. 1948-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗിലൂടെയാണ്]] സജീവ രാഷ്ട്രീയത്തിലേക്ക് കടന്നുവന്നത്.1954-1957 വരെയുള്ള കാലയളവിൽ മലബാർ ഡിസ്ട്രിക്റ്റ് ബോർഡ് അംഗം, മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ് [[പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല|പാലക്കാട് ജില്ലാ]] പ്രസിഡന്റ്, വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, ലീഗ് സംസ്ഥാന കമ്മിറ്റിയംഗം എന്നീ പദവികളും അദ്ദേഹം അലങ്കരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. മികച്ചൊരു മതപ്രഭാഷകൻ കൂടിയായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം 'ഫത്ഹുൽ ഫുഹൂൽ' എന്ന അറബിക് ഗ്രന്ഥവും രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. 2004 ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് അന്തരിച്ചു. == തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് ചരിത്രം == {| class="wikitable" !ക്രമം !വർഷം !മണ്ഡലം !വിജയിച്ച സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !ലഭിച്ച വോട്ടുകൾ !ഭൂരിപക്ഷം !തൊട്ടടുത്ത സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി !പാർട്ടി !വോട്ടുകൾ |- |1 |1970 |[[കുന്ദമംഗലം നിയമസഭാമണ്ഡലം]] |[[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ|പി.വി.എസ്.എം. തങ്ങൾ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയൻ മുസ്‌ലിം ലീഗ്|മുസ്ലീം ലീഗ്]] |35,599 |11,654 |[[വി. കുട്ടിക്കൃഷ്ണൻ നായർ]] |[[ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യലിസ്റ്റ് പാർട്ടി|ഐ.എസ്.പി.]] |23,945 |} == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} {{Fourth KLA}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:1921-ൽ ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 10-ന് ജനിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:2004-ൽ മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:ഫെബ്രുവരി 13-ന് മരിച്ചവർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ലീഗ് പ്രവർത്തകർ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:നാലാം കേരള നിയമസഭാംഗങ്ങൾ]] taa0d9o9u8e8scoi2ub17b84sec446a 6 669168 4644264 2026-07-07T19:31:24Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644264 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4644265 4644264 2026-07-07T19:32:50Z Kiran Gopi 10521 4644265 wikitext text/x-wiki == ചുരുക്കം == {{ന്യായോപയോഗ ഉപപത്തി |ലേഖനം= പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ |വിവരണം= കേരളത്തിലെ ഒരു രാഷ്ട്രീയ പ്രവർത്തകനും മുൻ നിയമസഭാഗവുമായിരുന്നു പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ. |ഉറവിടം= http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m447.htm |ഖണ്ഡിക= വിവരപ്പെട്ടി |കുറഞ്ഞ റെസല്യൂഷനാണോ= അതെ |ലക്ഷ്യം= വ്യക്തിയെ തിരിച്ചറിയുവാനായി |പകരം ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്നത്= ഇല്ല, വ്യക്തി മരണമടഞ്ഞതിനാലും, പകർപ്പുസ്വാതന്ത്ര്യമുള്ള ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ അഭാവത്തിലും |മറ്റു വിവരങ്ങൾ= }} == അനുമതി == {{Non-free fair use in|പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:രാഷ്ട്രീയക്കാരുടെ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ]] swv5l14zk628c3nd5o6bl0z1on9szkv 0 669169 4644266 2026-07-07T19:33:06Z Kiran Gopi 10521 [[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ]] എന്ന താളിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചുവിടുന്നു 4644266 wikitext text/x-wiki #തിരിച്ചുവിടുക [[പി.വി.എസ്. മുസ്തഫ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ]] 73np5s554nzt69tvpekf03ee3p4p51c 0 669170 4644293 2026-07-08T04:09:23Z Santhosh.thottingal 4789 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362982324|Streetlight effect]]" എന്ന താൾ പരിഭാഷപ്പെടുത്തിയത്. 4644293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[പ്രമാണം:Lamppost_and_tree.jpg|പകരം=A lamp lighting a small portion of a dark snowy area.|ലഘുചിത്രം|നിലത്ത് നല്ല വെളിച്ചമില്ലാത്ത എന്തെങ്കിലും കണ്ടെത്തുക പ്രയാസമാണ്.]] '''തെരുവുവിളക്ക് പ്രഭാവം''', അല്ലെങ്കിൽ '''കുടിയന്റെ തിരയൽ''' തത്വം, ആളുകൾ ഏറ്റവും എളുപ്പത്തിൽ കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന എന്തെങ്കിലും തിരയുമ്പോൾ സംഭവിക്കുന്ന ഒരു തരം നിരീക്ഷണ പക്ഷപാതമാണ് . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Battaglia |first=Manuela |last2=Atkinson |first2=Mark A. |date=2015-04-01 |title=The Streetlight Effect in Type 1 |journal=Diabetes |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=1081–1090 |doi=10.2337/db14-1208 |issn=0012-1797 |pmc=4375074 |pmid=25805758}}</ref> രണ്ട് പേരുകളും അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു തമാശയെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു: {{Blockquote|മദ്യപിച്ച ഒരാൾ തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിൽ എന്തോ തിരയുന്നത് കണ്ട് ഒരു പോലീസുകാരൻ എന്താണ് നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടതെന്ന് ചോദിക്കുന്നു. തന്റെ താക്കോൽ നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടുവെന്ന് അയാൾ പറയുന്നു. ഇരുവരും ഒരുമിച്ച് തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിൽ നോക്കുന്നു. കുറച്ചുകഴിഞ്ഞ് പോലീസുകാരൻ താക്കോൽ ഇവിടെത്തന്നെയാണ് പോയതെന്ന് ഉറപ്പാണോ എന്ന് ചോദിക്കുന്നു. മദ്യപിച്ചയാൾ "ഇല്ല, പാർക്കിലാണ് പോയത്" എന്ന് പറയുന്നു. എന്തിനാണ് പിന്നെ ഇവിടെ തിരയുന്നതെന്ന് പോലീസുകാരൻ ചോദിക്കുന്നു. മദ്യപിച്ചയാൾ, "ഇവിടെയാണ് വെളിച്ചം" എന്ന് മറുപടി നൽകുന്നു.<ref>{{cite book |author=David H. Freedman |title=Wrong: Why Experts Keep Failing Us|year=2010 |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XS4TQgAACAAJ |isbn=978-0-316-02378-8|via=Google Books }}</ref><ref name="nasrudin" />}} ഇസ്ലാമിക നാടോടിക്കഥയായ [[നസറുദ്ദീൻ ഹോജ|നസറുദ്ദീൻ ഹോജയുടെ]] ഒരു കഥയിലാണ് ഇത് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. എന്നെഴുതിയതെന്നറിയാത്ത ഈ പേർഷ്യൻ കഥയിൽ, നസറുദ്ദീന്റെ വീട്ടിലെ ഇരുണ്ട മുറിയിൽ ഒരു മോതിരം നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടു, പകരം മുറ്റത്ത് അതു തിരയുന്നു, കാരണം അവിടെ "കൂടുതൽ വെളിച്ചം" ഉണ്ട്. <ref name="investigator">{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/|title="Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here"|access-date=2025-08-12|date=11 April 2013|website=Quote Investigator}}</ref> ഇദ്രീസ് ഷായുടെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ, പ്രബുദ്ധതയ്ക്കായി വിദേശ ഉറവിടങ്ങൾ തേടുന്ന ആളുകളെക്കുറിച്ച് അഭിപ്രായം പറയാൻ [[സൂഫിസം|സൂഫികൾ]] ഈ കഥ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Idries |url=https://archive.org/details/sufis00shah_0 |title=The Sufis |date=1964 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=9780385079662 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sufis00shah_0/page/62 62] |url-access=registration}}</ref> ആവശ്യമില്ലാത്തിടത്ത് ഒപ്റ്റിമൈസ് ചെയ്യുകയും യഥാർത്ഥ പ്രശ്നം അവഗണിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിംഗിന്റെ സന്ദർഭത്തിലും ഇത് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിലെ കുടിയന്റെ കഥ കുറഞ്ഞത് 1920 കളിലേക്ക് പോകുന്നു, <ref name="investigator">{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/|title="Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here"|access-date=2025-08-12|date=11 April 2013|website=Quote Investigator}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/ ""Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here""]. ''Quote Investigator''. April 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1960 |title=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HAoAAAAAMBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Science and Public Affairs |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HAoAAAAAMBAJ/page/n20 9] |issn=0096-3402 |access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9baAAAAMAAJ |title=Hearings on Science Legislation (S. 1297 and Related Bills): Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Military Affairs, United States Senate, Seventy-ninth Congress, First Session, Pursuant to S. Res. 107 (78th Congress) and S. Res. 146 (79th Congress) Authorizing a Study of the Possibilities of Better Mobilizing the National Resources of the United States |date=1945 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2017-01-08 |via=Google Books |issue=pts. 1-6}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Alabama State Bar Association |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmMdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22daddy%27s+watch%22 |title=Report of the Organization and of the... Annual Meeting of the Alabama State Bar Association |date=July 1926 |publisher=Smith & Armstrong |page=94 |access-date=2017-01-08 |via=Google Books}}</ref> കൂടാതെ 1964 മുതൽ [[സാമൂഹികശാസ്ത്രം|സാമൂഹിക ശാസ്ത്രങ്ങളിൽ]] ആലങ്കാരികമായി ഉപയോഗിച്ചുവരുന്നു, എബ്രഹാം കപ്ലാൻ ഇതിനെ "കുടിയന്റെ തിരയൽ തത്വം" എന്ന് പരാമർശിച്ചു. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaplan, Abraham |author-link=Abraham Kaplan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYe6fsXSP3IC |title=The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1964 |isbn=9781412836296 |page=11 |access-date=2014-10-08 |via=Google Books}}</ref> ശാസ്ത്രം എങ്ങനെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു എന്നതിന്റെ ഒരു ചിത്രമായി [[നോം ചോംസ്കി]] ഈ കഥയെ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു: "തെരുവിന് മറുവശത്ത് നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട ഒരു താക്കോലിനായി ഒരു വിളക്കുകാലിനടിയിൽ നോക്കുന്ന കുടിയനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള തമാശ പോലെയാണ് ശാസ്ത്രം, കാരണം അവിടെയാണ് വെളിച്ചം. അതിന് മറ്റ് മാർഗമില്ല." <ref>{{Cite book |last=Barsky |first=Robert F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKUbyYPG4mcC&dq=%E2%80%9CScience+is+a+bit+like+the+joke+about+the+drunk+who+is+looking+under+a+lamppost+for+a+key+that+he+has+lost+on+the+other+side+of+the+street%2C+because+th&pg=PA95 |title=Noam Chomsky: a life of dissent |date=1998 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0262024187 |edition=Repr. |location=Cambridge, Mass. |page=95 |access-date=23 July 2022 |via=Google Books}}</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക് == * {{Cite book |last=Iyengar |first=Shanto |url=https://archive.org/details/explorationsinpo01unse_2 |title=Explorations in Political Psychology |publisher=Duke University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-8223-1324-3 |series=Duke Studies in Political Psychology |chapter=The Drunkard's Search |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Popkin |first=Samuel L. |author-link=Samuel L. Popkin |title=The reasoning voter: communication and persuasión in presidential campaigns |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-226-67545-9 |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/reasoningvoterco0000popk/page/92 92–95] |chapter=Going beyond the data |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/reasoningvoterco0000popk/page/92}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സാമൂഹികം]] jbde497m86ldx0aya1gsl2gy7kcqg0h 4644309 4644293 2026-07-08T05:11:39Z Santhosh.thottingal 4789 4644309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[പ്രമാണം:Lamppost_and_tree.jpg|പകരം=A lamp lighting a small portion of a dark snowy area.|ലഘുചിത്രം|നിലത്തു നല്ല വെളിച്ചമില്ലെങ്കിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും കണ്ടെത്തുക എളുപ്പമല്ല.]] '''തെരുവുവിളക്ക് പ്രഭാവം''', അല്ലെങ്കിൽ '''കുടിയന്റെ തിരയൽ''' തത്വം, ആളുകൾ ഏറ്റവും എളുപ്പത്തിൽ കാണാൻ കഴിയുന്ന എന്തെങ്കിലും തിരയുമ്പോൾ സംഭവിക്കുന്ന ഒരുതരം നിരീക്ഷണ പക്ഷപാതമാണ് . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Battaglia |first=Manuela |last2=Atkinson |first2=Mark A. |date=2015-04-01 |title=The Streetlight Effect in Type 1 |journal=Diabetes |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=1081–1090 |doi=10.2337/db14-1208 |issn=0012-1797 |pmc=4375074 |pmid=25805758}}</ref> രണ്ട് പേരുകളും ഒരു തമാശയെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു: {{Blockquote|മദ്യപിച്ച ഒരാൾ തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിൽ എന്തോ തിരയുന്നത് കണ്ട് ഒരു പോലീസുകാരൻ എന്താണ് നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടതെന്ന് ചോദിക്കുന്നു. തന്റെ താക്കോൽ നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടുവെന്ന് അയാൾ പറയുന്നു. ഇരുവരും ഒരുമിച്ച് തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിൽ നോക്കുന്നു. കുറച്ചുകഴിഞ്ഞ് പോലീസുകാരൻ താക്കോൽ ഇവിടെത്തന്നെയാണ് പോയതെന്ന് ഉറപ്പാണോ എന്ന് ചോദിക്കുന്നു. മദ്യപിച്ചയാൾ "ഇല്ല, പാർക്കിലാണ് പോയത്" എന്ന് പറയുന്നു. എന്തിനാണ് പിന്നെ ഇവിടെ തിരയുന്നതെന്ന് പോലീസുകാരൻ ചോദിക്കുന്നു. മദ്യപിച്ചയാൾ, "ഇവിടെയാണ് വെളിച്ചം" എന്ന് മറുപടി നൽകുന്നു.<ref>{{cite book |author=David H. Freedman |title=Wrong: Why Experts Keep Failing Us|year=2010 |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XS4TQgAACAAJ |isbn=978-0-316-02378-8|via=Google Books }}</ref><ref name="nasrudin" />}} ഇസ്ലാമിക നാടോടിക്കഥയായ [[നസറുദ്ദീൻ ഹോജ|നസറുദ്ദീൻ ഹോജയുടെ]] ഒരു കഥയിലാണ് ഇത് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. എന്നെഴുതിയതെന്നറിയാത്ത ഈ പേർഷ്യൻ കഥയിൽ, നസറുദ്ദീന്റെ വീട്ടിലെ ഇരുണ്ടമുറിയിൽ ഒരു മോതിരം നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടു, പകരം അയാളത് മുറ്റത്ത് തിരയുന്നു, കാരണം അവിടെ "കൂടുതൽ വെളിച്ചം" ഉണ്ട്. <ref name="investigator">{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/|title="Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here"|access-date=2025-08-12|date=11 April 2013|website=Quote Investigator}}</ref> ഇദ്രീസ് ഷായുടെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ, പ്രബുദ്ധതയ്ക്കായി വിദേശ ഉറവിടങ്ങൾ തേടുന്ന ആളുകളെക്കുറിച്ച് അഭിപ്രായം പറയാൻ [[സൂഫിസം|സൂഫികൾ]] ഈ കഥ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Idries |url=https://archive.org/details/sufis00shah_0 |title=The Sufis |date=1964 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=9780385079662 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sufis00shah_0/page/62 62] |url-access=registration}}</ref> ആവശ്യമില്ലാത്തിടത്ത് ഒപ്റ്റിമൈസ് ചെയ്യുകയും യഥാർത്ഥ പ്രശ്നം അവഗണിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ കമ്പ്യൂട്ടിംഗിന്റെ സന്ദർഭത്തിലും ഇത് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. തെരുവുവിളക്കിനു കീഴിലെ കുടിയന്റെ കഥ കുറഞ്ഞത് 1920-കളിലേക്ക് പോകുന്നു, <ref name="investigator">{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/|title="Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here"|access-date=2025-08-12|date=11 April 2013|website=Quote Investigator}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/04/11/better-light/ ""Did You Lose the Keys Here?" "No, But the Light Is Much Better Here""]. ''Quote Investigator''. April 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1960 |title=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HAoAAAAAMBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Science and Public Affairs |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HAoAAAAAMBAJ/page/n20 9] |issn=0096-3402 |access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9baAAAAMAAJ |title=Hearings on Science Legislation (S. 1297 and Related Bills): Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Military Affairs, United States Senate, Seventy-ninth Congress, First Session, Pursuant to S. Res. 107 (78th Congress) and S. Res. 146 (79th Congress) Authorizing a Study of the Possibilities of Better Mobilizing the National Resources of the United States |date=1945 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2017-01-08 |via=Google Books |issue=pts. 1-6}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Alabama State Bar Association |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmMdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22daddy%27s+watch%22 |title=Report of the Organization and of the... Annual Meeting of the Alabama State Bar Association |date=July 1926 |publisher=Smith & Armstrong |page=94 |access-date=2017-01-08 |via=Google Books}}</ref> കൂടാതെ 1964 മുതൽ [[സാമൂഹികശാസ്ത്രം|സാമൂഹികശാസ്ത്രങ്ങളിൽ]] ആലങ്കാരികമായി ഉപയോഗിച്ചുവരുന്നു, എബ്രഹാം കപ്ലാൻ ഇതിനെ "കുടിയന്റെ തിരയൽ തത്വം" എന്ന് പരാമർശിച്ചു. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaplan, Abraham |author-link=Abraham Kaplan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYe6fsXSP3IC |title=The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1964 |isbn=9781412836296 |page=11 |access-date=2014-10-08 |via=Google Books}}</ref> ശാസ്ത്രം എങ്ങനെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു എന്നതിന്റെ ഒരു ചിത്രമായി [[നോം ചോംസ്കി]] ഈ കഥയെ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു: "തെരുവിന് മറുവശത്ത് നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ട ഒരു താക്കോലിനായി ഒരു വിളക്കുകാലിനടിയിൽ നോക്കുന്ന കുടിയനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള തമാശ പോലെയാണ് ശാസ്ത്രം, കാരണം അവിടെയാണ് വെളിച്ചം. അതിന് മറ്റ് മാർഗമില്ല." <ref>{{Cite book |last=Barsky |first=Robert F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKUbyYPG4mcC&dq=%E2%80%9CScience+is+a+bit+like+the+joke+about+the+drunk+who+is+looking+under+a+lamppost+for+a+key+that+he+has+lost+on+the+other+side+of+the+street%2C+because+th&pg=PA95 |title=Noam Chomsky: a life of dissent |date=1998 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0262024187 |edition=Repr. |location=Cambridge, Mass. |page=95 |access-date=23 July 2022 |via=Google Books}}</ref> == അവലംബം == {{Reflist}} == കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക് == * {{Cite book |last=Iyengar |first=Shanto |url=https://archive.org/details/explorationsinpo01unse_2 |title=Explorations in Political Psychology |publisher=Duke University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-8223-1324-3 |series=Duke Studies in Political Psychology |chapter=The Drunkard's Search |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Popkin |first=Samuel L. |author-link=Samuel L. Popkin |title=The reasoning voter: communication and persuasión in presidential campaigns |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-226-67545-9 |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/reasoningvoterco0000popk/page/92 92–95] |chapter=Going beyond the data |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/reasoningvoterco0000popk/page/92}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:സാമൂഹികം]] 9f9dqzg7bog9tn9e70n82soausb44dr 3 669171 4644299 2026-07-08T04:31:23Z സ്വാഗതസംഘം 39256 ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം താളിൽ [[Template:Welcome|സ്വാഗത സന്ദേശം]] ചേർക്കുന്നു 4644299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നമസ്കാരം {{#if: Renjithmunjanattu | Renjithmunjanattu | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }} !''', [[മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയ|മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിലേക്ക്‌]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ആമുഖം|സ്വാഗതം]]. താങ്കളുടെ അംഗത്വത്തിന് നന്ദി. താങ്കൾക്ക്‌ ഈ സ്ഥലം ഇഷ്ടമായെന്നും ഇവിടെ അൽപസമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുമെന്നും പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. താങ്കൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗപ്പെടാവുന്ന ചില താളുകൾ താഴെ കൊടുക്കുന്നു. [[File:Lipi ml.png|thumb|350px|right|[[സഹായം:എഴുത്ത്|ലിപിമാറ്റ രീതിയിൽ മലയാളം ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്ന മൊഴി സ്കീമിന്റെ ചിത്രം]] * [[സഹായം:Tutorial|വീഡിയോ പരിശീലനം]] * [[സഹായം:ടൈപ്പിംഗ്‌|മലയാളത്തിലെഴുതാൻ]] * [[സഹായം:തിരുത്തൽ വഴികാട്ടി|ഒരു താൾ തിരുത്തിയെഴുതുന്നത് എങ്ങനെ?]] * [[സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം|സഹായ താളുകൾ]] * [[സഹായം:ചിത്ര സഹായി|ചിത്ര സഹായി]] * [[സഹായം:കീഴ്‌വഴക്കം|കീഴ്‌വഴക്കങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എഴുത്തുകളരി|എഴുത്തുകളരി]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ‎|വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും|വിക്കിപീഡിയിലെ നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും.]] താങ്കൾ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പുതുമുഖം|പുതുമുഖങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള താൾ]] പരിശോധിച്ചിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ ദയവായി അപ്രകാരം ചെയ്യാൻ താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു. [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കിപീഡിയർ|വിക്കിപീഡിയരിൽ]] ഒരാളായി ഇവിടെ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത് താങ്കൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് ഞാൻ കരുതുന്നു. താങ്കളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ‍ [[പ്രത്യേകം:Mypage|ഉപയോക്താവിനുള്ള താളിൽ]] നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്‌. സംവാദ താളുകളിൽ ഒപ്പ് വെക്കുവാനായി നാല് "ടിൽഡ" (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ, ടൂൾബാറിലെ [[File:Insert-signature.png]] ബട്ടൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക. സ്വന്തം പേരും തീയതിയും സമയവും താനേ വന്നുകൊള്ളും. എന്നാൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളിൽ അപ്രകാരം ഒപ്പുവെക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക. മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളോട് സം‌വദിക്കാൻ അവരുടെ സം‌വാദത്താളിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സന്ദേശം എഴുതാവുന്നതാണ്. വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും സഹായം ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ എന്റെ സംവാദ താളിൽ ഒരു കുറിപ്പ് ഇടൂ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സംവാദ താളിൽ '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' എന്ന് ചേർക്കൂ, ആരെങ്കിലും ഉടനെ തന്നെ താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കും. ഒരു നല്ല വിക്കിപീഡിയ അനുഭവം ആശംസിക്കുന്നു. വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ മലയാളം പദ്ധതികൾക്കായി ഒരു [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ് നിലവിലുണ്ട്]. ആ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വം എടുത്ത് താങ്കൾക്ക് വിക്കിപീഡിയയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അഭിപ്രായങ്ങളും, സംശയങ്ങളും, വിക്കിപീഡിയ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള വഴികളും ഒക്കെ അവിടെ ഉന്നയിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്‌. മെയിലിങ്ങ് ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l. ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം''' wikiml-l@lists.wikimedia.org''' എന്ന ഇമെയിൽ വിലാസത്തിലേക്കു ഇമെയിൽ അയച്ചാൽ മറ്റുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയർ നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. ഇനിയും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് തോന്നുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വിക്കിപീഡിയരോട് നേരിട്ട് സംശയം ചോദിക്കാൻ [[സഹായം:ഐ.ആർ.സി.|ചാറ്റ് ചെയ്യാം]]. ഇതിനായി [http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=wikipedia-ml ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക]. ആരെങ്കിലും ചാറ്റ്റൂമിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവർ തീർച്ചയായും താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കുന്നതാണ്. -- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സ്വാഗതസംഘം]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സംവാദം]]) 04:31, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) cogylwheu4w8vrqpkh7ba9fuj3ut134 0 669172 4644304 2026-07-08T04:46:45Z Renjithmunjanattu 220072 '<blockquote>കോട്ടയം ജില്ലയിലെ നാട്ടകം കേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ച് രൂപംകൊണ്ട പ്രശസ്തമായ ഒരു പുരാതന ഹൈന്ദവ നായർ (പണിക്കർ) തറവാടാണ് '''മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് കുടുംബം'''. മധ്യകാല കേരളത്തിലെ തെ...' താൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു 4644304 wikitext text/x-wiki <blockquote>കോട്ടയം ജില്ലയിലെ നാട്ടകം കേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ച് രൂപംകൊണ്ട പ്രശസ്തമായ ഒരു പുരാതന ഹൈന്ദവ നായർ (പണിക്കർ) തറവാടാണ് '''മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് കുടുംബം'''. മധ്യകാല കേരളത്തിലെ തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജഭരണകാലവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സൈനിക-ഭരണ ചരിത്രത്തിലും, കോട്ടയം മേഖലയിലെ പ്രശസ്തമായ ക്ഷേത്രോത്പത്തികളിലും ഈ കുടുംബത്തിന് നിർണ്ണായക സ്ഥാനമുണ്ട്. ഇരുപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ഈ കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന ശാഖകൾ പള്ളിക്കത്തോട് (മുണ്ടൻകുന്ന്) ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള മലയോര മേഖലകളിലേക്ക് കാർഷിക ആവശ്യങ്ങൾക്കായി കുടിയേറിപ്പാർത്തു.</blockquote>'''ചരിത്രം (History):'''<blockquote>രണ്ടാമത്തെ ചേരസാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ (കുലശേഖര വംശം) തകർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷം മധ്യകേരളത്തിൽ രൂപംകൊണ്ട 'മുഞ്ഞനാട്' എന്ന ദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടാണ് ഈ തറവാട്ടുപേര് ഉണ്ടായത്. 'മുഞ്ഞ' (Premna serratifolia) എന്ന ഔഷധച്ചെടികൾ ധാരാളമായി വളർന്നിരുന്ന പ്രദേശമായതിനാലാണ് ഈ പേര് വന്നതെന്ന് ചരിത്രരേഖകൾ വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജഭരണകാലത്ത് ഈ പ്രദേശത്തിന്റെ ഭരണച്ചുമതലയും, നികുതിപ്പിരിവും, കളരിപ്പയറ്റ് പരിശീലനവും രാജാവ് ഏൽപ്പിച്ചിരുന്നത് ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ കാരണവന്മാർക്കായിരുന്നു. ഇതിനാൽ ഇവർ '''<nowiki/>'മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് പണിക്കർ'<nowiki/>''' എന്ന സ്ഥാനപ്പേരിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുകയും നാട്ടകത്തെ പ്രമുഖ ജന്മിമാരായി മാറുകയും ചെയ്തു. പിൽക്കാലത്ത് തിരുവിതാംകൂർ രാജാവായിരുന്ന മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ തെക്കുംകൂർ പിടിച്ചടക്കിയപ്പോഴും കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പ്രാദേശിക സ്വാധീനം നിലനിന്നു.</blockquote>'''ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങളുമായുള്ള ബന്ധം (Relationship with Temples):'''<blockquote> * '''കുന്നത്തുകാവ് ശ്രീ അന്നപൂർണ്ണേശ്വരി ക്ഷേത്രം:''' മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് തറവാട്ടിലെ ഒരു കാരണവർ പുതിയ കാർഷിക ഭൂമി തേടി നടത്തിയ യാത്രയ്ക്കിടയിലാണ് ചാലാപ്പള്ളിയിൽ കുന്നത്തുകാവ് ക്ഷേത്രം സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നത്. കുടുംബപ്പരദേവതയായ അന്നപൂർണ്ണേശ്വരി ദേവിയുടെ ചൈതന്യമുള്ള ഓലക്കുടയിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ ക്ഷേത്രം ഉണ്ടായതെന്നാണ് ഐതിഹ്യം. * '''ശ്രീ പരപ്പടം ദേവി ക്ഷേത്രം:''' ഇല്ലിക്കൽ ഭാഗത്തുള്ള ചരിത്രപ്രസിദ്ധമായ ഭദ്രകാളി ക്ഷേത്രത്തിന്റെ നിർമ്മാണത്തിലും പ്രതിഷ്ഠാ ചടങ്ങുകളിലും നാട്ടകത്തെ മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് പണിക്കർക്ക് തുല്യ പങ്കാളിത്തവും ഭരണവകാശവും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. </blockquote>'''കുടിയേറ്റം (Migration):'''<blockquote>1920-കളിൽ തിരുവിതാംകൂറിൽ മരുമക്കത്തായ സമ്പ്രദായം അവസാനിച്ചതോടെ തറവാട്ടുസ്വത്തുക്കൾ വിഭജിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. തുടർന്ന് കുടുംബത്തിലെ മുതിർന്ന സ്ത്രീ കാരണവരായ കുഞ്ഞുപെണ്ണമ്മയുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു പ്രധാന ശാഖ പള്ളിക്കത്തോട് അടുത്തുള്ള '''മുണ്ടൻകുന്നിലേക്ക്''' മാറിത്താമസിക്കുകയും അവിടെ കാർഷിക മേഖലയിൽ സജീവമാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.</blockquote>'''അവലംബങ്ങൾ (References):''' # പ്രൊഫ. എൻ.ഇ. കേശവൻ നമ്പൂതിരി, ''തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജവംശചരിത്രം'', കൗൺസിൽ ഫോർ കേരള സ്റ്റഡീസ്. # ഇളംകുളം കുഞ്ഞൻപിള്ള, ''കേരള ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഇരുളടഞ്ഞ ഏടുകൾ'', കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട്. # കോട്ടയം ജില്ലാ ഗവൺമെന്റ് ഔദ്യോഗിക ചരിത്രരേഖകൾ. isj73ithgy838bmrn7q9f22b05xxee0 4644310 4644304 2026-07-08T05:14:06Z Renjithmunjanattu 220072 4644310 wikitext text/x-wiki കോട്ടയം ജില്ലയിലെ നാട്ടകം കേന്ദ്രീകരിച്ച് രൂപംകൊണ്ട പ്രശസ്തമായ ഒരു പുരാതന ഹൈന്ദവ നായർ (പണിക്കർ) തറവാടാണ് '''മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് കുടുംബം'''. മധ്യകാല കേരളത്തിലെ തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജഭരണകാലവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സൈനിക-ഭരണ ചരിത്രത്തിലും, കോട്ടയം മേഖലയിലെ പ്രശസ്തമായ ക്ഷേത്രോത്പത്തികളിലും ഈ കുടുംബത്തിന് നിർണ്ണായക സ്ഥാനമുണ്ട്. ഇരുപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ഈ കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന ശാഖകൾ പള്ളിക്കത്തോട് (മുണ്ടൻകുന്ന്) ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള മലയോര മേഖലകളിലേക്ക് കാർഷിക ആവശ്യങ്ങൾക്കായി കുടിയേറിപ്പാർത്തു. '''ചരിത്രം (History):'''<blockquote>രണ്ടാമത്തെ ചേരസാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ (കുലശേഖര വംശം) തകർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷം മധ്യകേരളത്തിൽ രൂപംകൊണ്ട 'മുഞ്ഞനാട്' എന്ന ദേശവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടാണ് ഈ തറവാട്ടുപേര് ഉണ്ടായത്. 'മുഞ്ഞ' (Premna serratifolia) എന്ന ഔഷധച്ചെടികൾ ധാരാളമായി വളർന്നിരുന്ന പ്രദേശമായതിനാലാണ് ഈ പേര് വന്നതെന്ന് ചരിത്രരേഖകൾ വ്യക്തമാക്കുന്നു. തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജഭരണകാലത്ത് ഈ പ്രദേശത്തിന്റെ ഭരണച്ചുമതലയും, നികുതിപ്പിരിവും, കളരിപ്പയറ്റ് പരിശീലനവും രാജാവ് ഏൽപ്പിച്ചിരുന്നത് ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ കാരണവന്മാർക്കായിരുന്നു. ഇതിനാൽ ഇവർ '''<nowiki/>'മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് പണിക്കർ'<nowiki/>''' എന്ന സ്ഥാനപ്പേരിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുകയും നാട്ടകത്തെ പ്രമുഖ ജന്മിമാരായി മാറുകയും ചെയ്തു. പിൽക്കാലത്ത് തിരുവിതാംകൂർ രാജാവായിരുന്ന മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ തെക്കുംകൂർ പിടിച്ചടക്കിയപ്പോഴും കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ പ്രാദേശിക സ്വാധീനം നിലനിന്നു.</blockquote>'''ക്ഷേത്രങ്ങളുമായുള്ള ബന്ധം (Relationship with Temples):'''<blockquote> * '''കുന്നത്തുകാവ് ശ്രീ അന്നപൂർണ്ണേശ്വരി ക്ഷേത്രം:''' മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് തറവാട്ടിലെ ഒരു കാരണവർ പുതിയ കാർഷിക ഭൂമി തേടി നടത്തിയ യാത്രയ്ക്കിടയിലാണ് ചാലാപ്പള്ളിയിൽ കുന്നത്തുകാവ് ക്ഷേത്രം സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നത്. കുടുംബപ്പരദേവതയായ അന്നപൂർണ്ണേശ്വരി ദേവിയുടെ ചൈതന്യമുള്ള ഓലക്കുടയിൽ നിന്നാണ് ഈ ക്ഷേത്രം ഉണ്ടായതെന്നാണ് ഐതിഹ്യം. * '''ശ്രീ പരപ്പടം ദേവി ക്ഷേത്രം:''' ഇല്ലിക്കൽ ഭാഗത്തുള്ള ചരിത്രപ്രസിദ്ധമായ ഭദ്രകാളി ക്ഷേത്രത്തിന്റെ നിർമ്മാണത്തിലും പ്രതിഷ്ഠാ ചടങ്ങുകളിലും നാട്ടകത്തെ മുഞ്ഞനാട്ട് പണിക്കർക്ക് തുല്യ പങ്കാളിത്തവും ഭരണവകാശവും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. </blockquote>'''കുടിയേറ്റം (Migration):'''<blockquote>1920-കളിൽ തിരുവിതാംകൂറിൽ മരുമക്കത്തായ സമ്പ്രദായം അവസാനിച്ചതോടെ തറവാട്ടുസ്വത്തുക്കൾ വിഭജിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. തുടർന്ന് കുടുംബത്തിലെ മുതിർന്ന സ്ത്രീ കാരണവരായ കുഞ്ഞുപെണ്ണമ്മയുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിലുള്ള ഒരു പ്രധാന ശാഖ പള്ളിക്കത്തോട് അടുത്തുള്ള '''മുണ്ടൻകുന്നിലേക്ക്''' മാറിത്താമസിക്കുകയും അവിടെ കാർഷിക മേഖലയിൽ സജീവമാകുകയും ചെയ്തു.</blockquote>'''അവലംബങ്ങൾ (References):''' # പ്രൊഫ. എൻ.ഇ. കേശവൻ നമ്പൂതിരി, ''തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജവംശചരിത്രം'', കൗൺസിൽ ഫോർ കേരള സ്റ്റഡീസ്. # ഇളംകുളം കുഞ്ഞൻപിള്ള, ''കേരള ചരിത്രത്തിലെ ഇരുളടഞ്ഞ ഏടുകൾ'', കേരള ഭാഷാ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട്. # കോട്ടയം ജില്ലാ ഗവൺമെന്റ് ഔദ്യോഗിക ചരിത്രരേഖകൾ. tf9p9l5oaoracco3q3i9ve4k2b13p1y 3 669173 4644305 2026-07-08T04:50:41Z സ്വാഗതസംഘം 39256 ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം താളിൽ [[Template:Welcome|സ്വാഗത സന്ദേശം]] ചേർക്കുന്നു 4644305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നമസ്കാരം {{#if: Thandav709 | Thandav709 | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }} !''', [[മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയ|മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിലേക്ക്‌]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ആമുഖം|സ്വാഗതം]]. താങ്കളുടെ അംഗത്വത്തിന് നന്ദി. താങ്കൾക്ക്‌ ഈ സ്ഥലം ഇഷ്ടമായെന്നും ഇവിടെ അൽപസമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുമെന്നും പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. താങ്കൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗപ്പെടാവുന്ന ചില താളുകൾ താഴെ കൊടുക്കുന്നു. [[File:Lipi ml.png|thumb|350px|right|[[സഹായം:എഴുത്ത്|ലിപിമാറ്റ രീതിയിൽ മലയാളം ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്ന മൊഴി സ്കീമിന്റെ ചിത്രം]] * [[സഹായം:Tutorial|വീഡിയോ പരിശീലനം]] * [[സഹായം:ടൈപ്പിംഗ്‌|മലയാളത്തിലെഴുതാൻ]] * [[സഹായം:തിരുത്തൽ വഴികാട്ടി|ഒരു താൾ തിരുത്തിയെഴുതുന്നത് എങ്ങനെ?]] * [[സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം|സഹായ താളുകൾ]] * [[സഹായം:ചിത്ര സഹായി|ചിത്ര സഹായി]] * [[സഹായം:കീഴ്‌വഴക്കം|കീഴ്‌വഴക്കങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എഴുത്തുകളരി|എഴുത്തുകളരി]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ‎|വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും|വിക്കിപീഡിയിലെ നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും.]] താങ്കൾ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പുതുമുഖം|പുതുമുഖങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള താൾ]] പരിശോധിച്ചിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ ദയവായി അപ്രകാരം ചെയ്യാൻ താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു. [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കിപീഡിയർ|വിക്കിപീഡിയരിൽ]] ഒരാളായി ഇവിടെ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത് താങ്കൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് ഞാൻ കരുതുന്നു. താങ്കളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ‍ [[പ്രത്യേകം:Mypage|ഉപയോക്താവിനുള്ള താളിൽ]] നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്‌. സംവാദ താളുകളിൽ ഒപ്പ് വെക്കുവാനായി നാല് "ടിൽഡ" (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ, ടൂൾബാറിലെ [[File:Insert-signature.png]] ബട്ടൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക. സ്വന്തം പേരും തീയതിയും സമയവും താനേ വന്നുകൊള്ളും. എന്നാൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളിൽ അപ്രകാരം ഒപ്പുവെക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക. മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളോട് സം‌വദിക്കാൻ അവരുടെ സം‌വാദത്താളിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സന്ദേശം എഴുതാവുന്നതാണ്. വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും സഹായം ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ എന്റെ സംവാദ താളിൽ ഒരു കുറിപ്പ് ഇടൂ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സംവാദ താളിൽ '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' എന്ന് ചേർക്കൂ, ആരെങ്കിലും ഉടനെ തന്നെ താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കും. ഒരു നല്ല വിക്കിപീഡിയ അനുഭവം ആശംസിക്കുന്നു. വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ മലയാളം പദ്ധതികൾക്കായി ഒരു [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ് നിലവിലുണ്ട്]. ആ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വം എടുത്ത് താങ്കൾക്ക് വിക്കിപീഡിയയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അഭിപ്രായങ്ങളും, സംശയങ്ങളും, വിക്കിപീഡിയ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള വഴികളും ഒക്കെ അവിടെ ഉന്നയിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്‌. മെയിലിങ്ങ് ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l. ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം''' wikiml-l@lists.wikimedia.org''' എന്ന ഇമെയിൽ വിലാസത്തിലേക്കു ഇമെയിൽ അയച്ചാൽ മറ്റുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയർ നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. ഇനിയും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് തോന്നുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വിക്കിപീഡിയരോട് നേരിട്ട് സംശയം ചോദിക്കാൻ [[സഹായം:ഐ.ആർ.സി.|ചാറ്റ് ചെയ്യാം]]. ഇതിനായി [http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=wikipedia-ml ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക]. ആരെങ്കിലും ചാറ്റ്റൂമിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവർ തീർച്ചയായും താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കുന്നതാണ്. -- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സ്വാഗതസംഘം]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സംവാദം]]) 04:50, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) rt4lvoc41eokgv9jpwqjy11gwwxmu6g 100 669174 4644315 2026-07-08T06:02:53Z Aby john vannilam 586 പുതിയത് 4644315 wikitext text/x-wiki === 2026 ജൂലൈ 8 ബുധനാഴ്ച === '''1201 മിഥുനം 24''' ലോകം *[[അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ|അമേരിക്കൻ]] ആക്രമണങ്ങൾക്ക് മറുപടിയായി [[ബഹ്റൈൻ|ബഹ്‌റൈനിലെയും]] [[കുവൈറ്റ്|കുവൈത്തിലെയും]] ഡസൻ കണക്കിന് യുഎസ് സൈനിക കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ ആക്രമിച്ചതായി ഇറാന്റെ റെവല്യൂഷണറി ഗാർഡ്‌സ് (ഐ.ആർ.ജി.സി.) ബുധനാഴ്ച സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ടെലിവിഷൻ ചാനലായ ഐആർഐബി നടത്തിയ പ്രസ്താവനയിൽ പറഞ്ഞു ."ഈ ആക്രമണത്തോടുള്ള പ്രാരംഭ പ്രതികരണമായി, ഐആർജിസി നാവികസേനയും എയ്‌റോസ്‌പേസ് ഫോഴ്‌സും സംയുക്ത മിസൈൽ, ഡ്രോൺ ഓപ്പറേഷൻ നടത്തി, ഇരു രാജ്യങ്ങളിലെയും 85 പ്രധാന യുഎസ് സൈനിക കേന്ദ്രങ്ങൾ ആക്രമിച്ചു", കൂടാതെ ഒരു [[എംക്യു-9]] ഡ്രോൺ വെടിവച്ചു വീഴ്ത്തിയതായും പ്രസ്താവനയിൽ പറയുന്നു. ചൊവ്വാഴ്ച യുഎസ് സൈന്യം ഇറാനെതിരെ പുതിയൊരു ആക്രമണം അഴിച്ചുവിടുകയും [[ഹോർമൂസ് കടലിടുക്ക്|ഹോർമുസ് കടലിടുക്കിൽ]] മൂന്ന് ടാങ്കറുകൾക്ക് നേരെ ഇറാന്റെ ബോംബാക്രമണം ഉണ്ടായതിനെ തുടർന്ന് ഇറാന് എണ്ണ വിൽക്കാൻ അനുവദിച്ച ലൈസൻസ് റദ്ദാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തതിന് പിന്നാലെയാണ് പ്രസ്താവന വന്നത് {{തിരുത്തുക| കവാടം:സമകാലികം/2026 ജൂലൈ 8}} ------- <!-- ലോകം ഇന്ത്യ കേരളം --> kbvluzooqz1jbd9rbq3qqz4gtq1079j 1 669176 4644325 2026-07-08T07:16:39Z Muruatwiki 216498 /* ലോക് ഭവൻ എന്ന് മാറ്റേണ്ടേ തലക്കെട്ട് */ പുതിയ ഉപവിഭാഗം 4644325 wikitext text/x-wiki == ലോക് ഭവൻ എന്ന് മാറ്റേണ്ടേ തലക്കെട്ട് == രാജ് ഭവൻ എന്ന തലക്കെട്ട് നമുക് മാറ്റേണ്ട സമയം ആയില്ലേ ? [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Muruatwiki|Muruatwiki]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Muruatwiki|സംവാദം]]) 07:16, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) ob9ny8v4fggy2mvlmawa20gbqwy2wcc 3 669177 4644331 2026-07-08T07:37:35Z സ്വാഗതസംഘം 39256 ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം താളിൽ [[ബദൽ:സ്വാഗതം|സ്വാഗത സന്ദേശം]] ചേർക്കുന്നു 4644331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നമസ്കാരം {{#if: Adv. PC Mani | Adv. PC Mani | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }} !''', [[മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയ|മലയാളം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിലേക്ക്‌]] [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ആമുഖം|സ്വാഗതം]]. താങ്കളുടെ അംഗത്വത്തിന് നന്ദി. താങ്കൾക്ക്‌ ഈ സ്ഥലം ഇഷ്ടമായെന്നും ഇവിടെ അൽപസമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുമെന്നും പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. താങ്കൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗപ്പെടാവുന്ന ചില താളുകൾ താഴെ കൊടുക്കുന്നു. [[File:Lipi ml.png|thumb|350px|right|[[സഹായം:എഴുത്ത്|ലിപിമാറ്റ രീതിയിൽ മലയാളം ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ]] ഉപയോഗിക്കാവുന്ന മൊഴി സ്കീമിന്റെ ചിത്രം]] * [[സഹായം:Tutorial|വീഡിയോ പരിശീലനം]] * [[സഹായം:ടൈപ്പിംഗ്‌|മലയാളത്തിലെഴുതാൻ]] * [[സഹായം:തിരുത്തൽ വഴികാട്ടി|ഒരു താൾ തിരുത്തിയെഴുതുന്നത് എങ്ങനെ?]] * [[സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം|സഹായ താളുകൾ]] * [[സഹായം:ചിത്ര സഹായി|ചിത്ര സഹായി]] * [[സഹായം:കീഴ്‌വഴക്കം|കീഴ്‌വഴക്കങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എഴുത്തുകളരി|എഴുത്തുകളരി]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ‎|വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ പഞ്ചസ്തംഭങ്ങൾ]] * [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും|വിക്കിപീഡിയിലെ നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും.]] താങ്കൾ [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പുതുമുഖം|പുതുമുഖങ്ങൾക്കായുള്ള താൾ]] പരിശോധിച്ചിട്ടില്ലെങ്കിൽ ദയവായി അപ്രകാരം ചെയ്യാൻ താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു. [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കിപീഡിയർ|വിക്കിപീഡിയരിൽ]] ഒരാളായി ഇവിടെ തിരുത്തലുകൾ നടത്തുന്നത് താങ്കൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് ഞാൻ കരുതുന്നു. താങ്കളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള വിവരങ്ങൾ‍ [[പ്രത്യേകം:Mypage|ഉപയോക്താവിനുള്ള താളിൽ]] നൽകാവുന്നതാണ്‌. സംവാദ താളുകളിൽ ഒപ്പ് വെക്കുവാനായി നാല് "ടിൽഡ" (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ, ടൂൾബാറിലെ [[File:Insert-signature.png]] ബട്ടൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക. സ്വന്തം പേരും തീയതിയും സമയവും താനേ വന്നുകൊള്ളും. എന്നാൽ ലേഖനങ്ങളിൽ അപ്രകാരം ഒപ്പുവെക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക. മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളോട് സം‌വദിക്കാൻ അവരുടെ സം‌വാദത്താളിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സന്ദേശം എഴുതാവുന്നതാണ്. വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും സഹായം ആവശ്യമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ എന്റെ സംവാദ താളിൽ ഒരു കുറിപ്പ് ഇടൂ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ താങ്കളുടെ സംവാദ താളിൽ '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' എന്ന് ചേർക്കൂ, ആരെങ്കിലും ഉടനെ തന്നെ താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കും. ഒരു നല്ല വിക്കിപീഡിയ അനുഭവം ആശംസിക്കുന്നു. വിക്കിമീഡിയയുടെ മലയാളം പദ്ധതികൾക്കായി ഒരു [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ് നിലവിലുണ്ട്]. ആ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വം എടുത്ത് താങ്കൾക്ക് വിക്കിപീഡിയയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അഭിപ്രായങ്ങളും, സംശയങ്ങളും, വിക്കിപീഡിയ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള വഴികളും ഒക്കെ അവിടെ ഉന്നയിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്‌. മെയിലിങ്ങ് ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikiml-l. ലിസ്റ്റിൽ അംഗത്വമെടുത്തതിനു ശേഷം''' wikiml-l@lists.wikimedia.org''' എന്ന ഇമെയിൽ വിലാസത്തിലേക്കു ഇമെയിൽ അയച്ചാൽ മറ്റുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയർ നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. ഇനിയും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട് തോന്നുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വിക്കിപീഡിയരോട് നേരിട്ട് സംശയം ചോദിക്കാൻ [[സഹായം:ഐ.ആർ.സി.|ചാറ്റ് ചെയ്യാം]]. ഇതിനായി [http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=wikipedia-ml ഇവിടെ ഞെക്കുക]. ആരെങ്കിലും ചാറ്റ്റൂമിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവർ തീർച്ചയായും താങ്കളെ സഹായിക്കുന്നതാണ്. -- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സ്വാഗതസംഘം]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:സ്വാഗതസംഘം|സംവാദം]]) 07:37, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) kg0s1i8txisy9eju77fkmm5g94jm9o4 4 669178 4644332 2026-07-08T07:45:41Z Vijayanrajapuram 21314 പുതിയ ഒഴിവാക്കൽ നിർദ്ദേശ താൾ [[Muhammad the false prophet]]. ([[WP:Twinkle|ട്വിങ്കിൾ]]) 4644332 wikitext text/x-wiki ===[[:Muhammad the false prophet]]=== {{REMOVE THIS TEMPLATE WHEN CLOSING THIS AfD|?}} :{{la|Muhammad the false prophet}} – (<includeonly>[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Muhammad the false prophet|View AfD]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പത്തായം/ജൂലൈ 2026#{{anchorencode:Muhammad the false prophet}}|View log]]</noinclude>{{int:dot-separator}} <span class="plainlinks">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/jackbot/snottywong/cgi-bin/votecounter.cgi?page=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/Muhammad_the_false_prophet Stats]</span>) വസ്തുതാപരമല്ലാത്ത കുറിപ്പ് [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">Vijayan Rajapuram </span>{വിജയൻ രാജപുരം}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:45, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) 1e0kl4b3t4dqosvykj6socdkn99mmuc 4644359 4644332 2026-07-08T09:22:07Z Irshadpp 10433 /* Muhammad the false prophet */ മറുപടി 4644359 wikitext text/x-wiki ===[[:Muhammad the false prophet]]=== {{REMOVE THIS TEMPLATE WHEN CLOSING THIS AfD|?}} :{{la|Muhammad the false prophet}} – (<includeonly>[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Muhammad the false prophet|View AfD]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/പത്തായം/ജൂലൈ 2026#{{anchorencode:Muhammad the false prophet}}|View log]]</noinclude>{{int:dot-separator}} <span class="plainlinks">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/jackbot/snottywong/cgi-bin/votecounter.cgi?page=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/Muhammad_the_false_prophet Stats]</span>) വസ്തുതാപരമല്ലാത്ത കുറിപ്പ് [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">Vijayan Rajapuram </span>{വിജയൻ രാജപുരം}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:45, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) :SD ഫലകം ചേർത്ത് പെട്ടെന്ന് മായ്ക്കാവുന്ന താൾ. [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Irshadpp|Irshadpp]] ([[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Irshadpp|സംവാദം]]) 09:22, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) kk5fz6ifzdj9rgfkrz8vp14r5n1xmyx 3 669179 4644333 2026-07-08T07:45:42Z Vijayanrajapuram 21314 അറിയിപ്പ്: [[Muhammad the false prophet]] [[WP:AFD|ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങളിലേക്ക്]] ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. ([[WP:Twinkle|ട്വിങ്കിൾ]]) 4644333 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[:Muhammad the false prophet]] എന്ന ലേഖനം നീക്കം ചെയ്യാനുള്ള നാമനിർദ്ദേശം == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div> '''[[:Muhammad the false prophet]]''' എന്ന ലേഖനം വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ മാനദണ്ഡങ്ങൾക്കും നയരേഖകൾക്കും അനുസൃതമായി നിലനിർത്താവുന്നതാണോ അതോ [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|നീക്കം ചെയ്യേണ്ടതാണോ]] എന്ന വിഷയത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഒഴിവാക്കാൻ സാദ്ധ്യതയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ/Muhammad the false prophet]] എന്ന താളിൽ ഒരു ചർച്ച ആരംഭിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പ്രസ്തുത താളിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയ ലേഖനം നീക്കം ചെയ്യുന്നതിനു മുൻപായി താങ്കളുടെ അഭിപ്രായം അറിയുവാൻ 7 ദിവസം വരെ സമയം ലഭിക്കുന്നതാണ്. കൂടാതെ താല്പര്യമുള്ള മറ്റ് ഉപയോക്താക്കളും ചർച്ചയിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്നതായിരിക്കും. ലേഖനം വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്താൻ തക്ക വിധത്തിലുള്ള ശ്രദ്ധേയത, നിഷ്പക്ഷത, സ്വീകാര്യത എന്നിവയെ ലക്ഷ്യമാക്കിയുള്ള ശക്തമായ അവലംബങ്ങളും വാദഗതികളുമാണു് ഈ ചർച്ചയിൽ പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതു്. ഈ ചർച്ച നടന്നുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുമ്പോൾത്തന്നെ കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങളും അവലംബങ്ങളും മറ്റും ചേർത്ത് പ്രസ്തുത ലേഖനം പുഷ്ടിപ്പെടുത്താവുന്നതാണു്. എന്നാൽ, കാര്യനിർവ്വാഹകരുടെ നേതൃത്വത്തിൽ കൂട്ടായി ഒരു അന്തിമതീരുമാനം ഉണ്ടാവുന്നതുവരെ, ലേഖനത്തിന്റെ മുകളിൽ ചേർത്തിട്ടുള്ള, ലേഖനം മായ്ക്കാൻ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കപ്പെട്ട അറിയിപ്പ് നീക്കം ചെയ്തുകൂടാ.- [[ഉപയോക്താവ്:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px;">Vijayan Rajapuram </span>{വിജയൻ രാജപുരം}]][[ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Vijayanrajapuram|<span style="color:green;font-size:13px; font-weight:bold;" title="സംവാദം"> ✉</span>]] 07:45, 8 ജൂലൈ 2026 (UTC) 95ib474a45iqtqbd9jh9lc7jtfp7qmb 0 669180 4644351 2026-07-08T09:06:21Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 '{{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|...' താൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു 4644351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ്, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഇലപൊഴിയും, കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} gexfo8kccoe989mq07yd8n5034mn5l5 4644354 4644351 2026-07-08T09:08:39Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] ചേർത്തു [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്റ്]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 4644354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ്, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഇലപൊഴിയും, കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] 5aw57bgzoxwhos712uc329zxa1574rk 4644355 4644354 2026-07-08T09:08:53Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] ചേർത്തു [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്റ്]] ഉപയോഗിച്ച് 4644355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ്, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഇലപൊഴിയും, കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 7wd5tqe2r9a0mazvohmh0gut4cg47or 4644357 4644355 2026-07-08T09:13:05Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 7r33igvht94ejawfxzoeal5aivdy6m2 4644358 4644357 2026-07-08T09:20:32Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] bzdw4birdj7anlq15qgbq9vvyz7l3of 4644361 4644358 2026-07-08T09:24:48Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* വിവരണം */ 4644361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] mmf03xfphb8497jnj6ft4y0ss7dhjme 4644362 4644361 2026-07-08T09:26:08Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 7hohgoi259z9ygm5cfmmxbt4mkw6fhm 4644370 4644362 2026-07-08T09:33:37Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* വിവരണം */ 4644370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . പൂക്കൾ: രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന് 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ച വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കൾ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/>സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] hmiu4sc8nnqj1h9kuzpawqhtw08viag 4644371 4644370 2026-07-08T09:34:19Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* വിവരണം */ 4644371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . പൂക്കൾ രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന് 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ച വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കൾ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/>സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 4klwa7jtldf6cjobs3kvq27ndxxdb1k 4644374 4644371 2026-07-08T09:38:52Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലം കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെ [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതിനാൽ ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] dmz3tk6886li9wn905lz2yfyq4lmh57 4644375 4644374 2026-07-08T09:40:30Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ള കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ള ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] lv6odqtcdfndkz0ghvnj6a0xpizph8t 4644376 4644375 2026-07-08T09:41:20Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] pv7pypnvin6bklwzy774xi9x52imoyp 4644378 4644376 2026-07-08T09:44:56Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* വിവരണം */ 4644378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും, 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] gg9b81r7rcwqf5n1ax6vy9l817a2ekj 4644380 4644378 2026-07-08T09:46:17Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* വിവരണം */ 4644380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും, 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഒരു കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 9htffkaur2vsw3niadsl6yg0orw4cv0 4644384 4644380 2026-07-08T09:49:34Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ പൂക്കൾ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ല, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും കുറച്ച് പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണ്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം വിരിഞ്ഞിരിക്കും. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] rbugm57ddje2izqf54zln64c47t6tcr 4644385 4644384 2026-07-08T09:52:04Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox |name = Pondberry |image = Pondberry1.jpg |status = G3 |status_system = TNC |status_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> |status2=LE |status2_system=ESA |status2_ref=<ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> |genus = Lindera |species = melissifolia |authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] |synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> |range_map = Lime7.png |range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ പെൺ പൂക്കൾ, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്മനു. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 63rszwx5nsz14m94mv59m8j5qg7a1pw 4644386 4644385 2026-07-08T09:53:32Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. <ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ പെൺ പൂക്കൾ, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്മനു. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 219wpa1nkrx204yjvcp437wwz8nc6kq 4644387 4644386 2026-07-08T09:54:03Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 4644387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ പെൺ പൂക്കൾ, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്മനു. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 46qj754cdx20c441pafq2g59effne2n 4644388 4644387 2026-07-08T09:54:53Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും */ 4644388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈ ഇനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും. അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ, സുഗന്ധത്തിൽ സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായി (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ പെൺ പൂക്കൾ, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്മനു. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. == പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] en814org6sn7vgxrtee5yhodv8by1ns 4644389 4644388 2026-07-08T09:58:47Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷത്തെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നത്. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ പെൺ പൂക്കൾ, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയിലുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്മനു. ഇവ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] hmragkspob68xs91oq9a8un1b24s5l6 4644391 4644389 2026-07-08T10:06:17Z Malikaveedu 16584 4644391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ഇവയുടെ തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷങ്ങളുടെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത പെൺ പൂക്കൾക്ക്, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] jp14zazgxsjulwppfj921atzmc5x8eo 4644404 4644391 2026-07-08T10:45:53Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും */ 4644404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ഇവയുടെ തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷങ്ങളുടെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത പെൺ പൂക്കൾക്ക്, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 2xq1sfylks5kf7ztitjq6295h3prak7 4644405 4644404 2026-07-08T10:46:30Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും */ 4644405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ഇവയുടെ തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷങ്ങളുടെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത പെൺ പൂക്കൾക്ക്, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. == പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം == ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] kg4f82o2d52mzjne9x5glzvynuh7ah4 4644408 4644405 2026-07-08T10:52:54Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം */ 4644408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ഇവയുടെ തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷങ്ങളുടെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത പെൺ പൂക്കൾക്ക്, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. == പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം == പോണ്ട്ബെറി ഒരു അപൂർവ ഇനമായിരുന്നിരിക്കാം. അതിന്റെ പരിസ്ഥിതിയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അറിവ് പരിമിതമാണ്.<ref name=Devall/> മിസിസിപ്പിയിൽ, പോണ്ട്ബെറി താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ ഹാർഡ് വുഡ് വനങ്ങളിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. വടക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അർക്കൻസാസിലും തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ മിസോറിയിലും പഴയ മണൽക്കുന്ന് പാടങ്ങളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ സീസണൽ കുളങ്ങളുടെ അടിത്തട്ടിലും അരികുകളിലും പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. എന്നാൽ തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അർക്കൻസാസിൽ ഇത് നദിക്കരയിലെ താഴ്ന്ന ഒരു ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. [[സൗത്ത് കരോലിന]]യിൽ കാർസ്റ്റ് ഭൂപ്രകൃതിയുള്ള പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും, ഗർത്തങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, ജോർജിയയിൽ [[സ്ഫാഗ്നം]] ചതുപ്പുനിലങ്ങളുടെ അതിർത്തികളിലും ഇത് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. വ്യത്യസ്ത സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലെ സൂര്യപ്രകാശം ആഴത്തിലുള്ള തണലിൽ നിന്ന് ഏതാണ്ട് പൂർണ്ണ സൂര്യപ്രകാശം വരെയാണ്. മിക്ക പോണ്ട്ബെറി കോളനികളും ഒരു വന മേലാപ്പിന് കീഴിൽ നേരിയ തണലിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. പക്ഷേ ചിലത് ഏതാണ്ട് പൂർണ്ണ സൂര്യപ്രകാശത്തിൽ വളരുന്നു. ജലത്തിനായുള്ള അതിന്റെ ആവശ്യകതകൾ നിറവേറ്റുന്നിടത്തോളം കാലം പോണ്ട്ബെറിക്ക് വ്യത്യസ്ത ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളാൻ കഴിയുമെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നു. തുറന്ന സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിൽ, മറ്റ് സസ്യ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള മത്സരം ഇതിന് ഒരു പ്രശ്നമാകാം.<ref name=Devall/> ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 57f6qxlukk2lkzrttad7pafkzm10ff4 4644409 4644408 2026-07-08T10:55:29Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 /* പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം */ 4644409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Prettyurl|Lindera melissifolia}}{{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = പോണ്ട്ബെറി | image = Pondberry1.jpg | status = G3 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129236/Lindera_melissifolia|title=''Lindera melissifolia''|website=NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer|publisher=NatureServe|author=NatureServe|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=4 August 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> | status2 = LE | status2_system = ESA | status2_ref = <ref name=ecos>{{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1279|title=Pondberry (''Lindera melissifolia'')|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref name=fr51>{{Federal Register|51|27495}}</ref> | genus = Lindera | species = മെലിസഫോളിയ | authority = ([[Thomas Walter (botanist)|Walter]]) [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | synonyms = *''Benzoin melissifolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Benzoin melissaefolium'' <small>(Walter) [[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small> *''Lindera melissaefolia'' <small>(Walter) Blume</small> *''Laurus melissifolia'' <small>Walter</small> *''Laurus melissaefolia'' <small>Walter 1788</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500748 Flora of North America: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17800791 Tropicos, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walter) Blume ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/17804761 Tropicos, ''Benzoin melissifolium'' (Walter) Nees ]</ref> | range_map = Lime7.png | range_map_caption = Natural range in North America }} [[Lauraceae|ലോറൽ കുടുംബത്തിലെ]] ഒരിനം ഇലപൊഴിയുന്ന, സുഗന്ധമുള്ള ഒരു സ്റ്റോളോണിഫറസ് കുറ്റിച്ചെടിയാണ് '''ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ'''. പോണ്ട്ബെറി അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സതേൺ സ്പൈസ്ബുഷ് എന്ന പൊതുനാമത്തിൽ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന, വംശനാശഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ഈയിനം തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ നിന്നുള്ളതാണ്. നീർവാർച്ച മൂലവും കൃഷിക്കും വനവൽക്കരണത്തിനുമായി [[തണ്ണീർത്തടം|തണ്ണീർത്തടങ്ങൾ]] വ്യാപകമായി നശിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലുടെയും [[ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ]] നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നത് ഇതിന്റെ വംശനാശത്തിനു കാരണമാകുന്നു<ref name=FWS>[http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930923a.pdf US Fish and Wildlife Service: Species Recovery Plan: ''Lindera melissifolia''.]</ref><ref name=USFWS2>[http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_pondberry.html US Fish and Wildlife Service / Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ പുനരുദ്ധാരണ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നിലവിൽ നടന്നുവരികയാണ്. == വിവരണം == ഏകദേശം 2 മീറ്റർ (6.6 അടി) വരെ ഉയരമുള്ളതും കുത്തനെയുള്ളതോ ഉയർന്നുവരുന്നതോ ആയ ചിനപ്പുപൊട്ടലുകളും കുറച്ച് ശാഖകളുമുള്ളമായ ഇടതൂർന്ന കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളായിട്ടാണ് പോണ്ട്ബെറി സാധാരണയായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകൾ ഭൂമിക്കടിയിൽ സ്റ്റോളോണുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ വള്ളിപ്പടർപ്പ് സാധാരണയായി ആൺ ​​സസ്യങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ചെറുതായിരിക്കും.<ref name=FAO>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e06.htm FAO "Effect of global climate change on rare trees and shrubs"]</ref> ഇതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ വാടിപ്പോകുന്നത് വളരെ സാധാരണമായ ഒരു സംഭവമാണ്. ഇവയുടെ തൂങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്ന, ഒന്നിടവിട്ട ഇലകൾ ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഇടുങ്ങിയ അണ്ഡാകാരത്തിലുള്ളതുമാണ്. 5–16 സെ.മീ (2.0–6.3 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2–6 സെ.മീ (0.8–2.4 ഇഞ്ച്) വീതിയും, ഉള്ള ഇലകൾ അഗ്രഭാഗത്ത് ശക്തമായി ചുരുണ്ടിരിക്കും.<ref name=Patrick>[http://www.gohuntgeorgia.com/assets/documents/lindme.pdf Patrick, T.S.; Allison, J.R.; Krakow, G.A..1995. Protected Plants of Georgia, An Information Manual on Plants Designated by the State of Georgia as Endangered, Threatened, Rare or Unusual. Georgia Department of Natural Resources.]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> അടിവശം ശക്തമായി വല-സിരകളുള്ളതും ചെറുതും മൃദുവായതുമായ രോമങ്ങളാൽ മൂടപ്പെട്ടതുമാണ്. ഇലകൾ ചതച്ചാൽ അനുഭവപ്പെടുന്ന സുഗന്ധം സസ്സാഫ്രാസിനോട് ([[Sassafras albidum|സസ്സാഫ്രാസ് ആൽബിഡം]]) ശക്തമായി സാമ്യമുള്ളതാണ്.<ref name=USFWS2/> . രണ്ടോ നാലോ വർഷങ്ങളുടെ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് ഇവയുടെ തണ്ടുകളിൽ പൂക്കളുണ്ടാകുന്നത്.<ref name=Devall>[http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2750 Devall, Margaret; Schiff, Nathan; Boyette, Douglas. 2001. Ecology and reproductive biology of the endangered pondberry, ''Lindera melissifolia'' (Walt) Blume. Natural Areas Journal. 21:250-258.]</ref> 5–6 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.20–0.24 ഇഞ്ച്) വ്യാസമുള്ള ആൺ, പെൺ പൂക്കൾ വ്യത്യസ്ത സസ്യങ്ങളിലായാണ് (ഡയോഷ്യസ്) ഉത്പാദിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്.<ref name=FAO/> പൂക്കൾ ഇലകൾക്ക് മുന്നിൽ (ഫെബ്രുവരി മുതൽ മാർച്ച് പകുതി വരെ) ഇടതൂർന്നതും തണ്ടില്ലാത്തതുമായ കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെടുന്നു. ദളങ്ങൾ പോലുള്ള ടെപ്പലുകൾ ഇളം നിറം മുതൽ തിളക്കമുള്ള മഞ്ഞനിറം വരെയും ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും 2 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.08 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതുമാണ്. ആൺ പൂക്കൾ ഇടതൂർന്ന കൂട്ടങ്ങളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ 9-12 കേസരങ്ങൾ രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ സസ്യത്തിന്റെ അത്ര ശ്രദ്ധേയമല്ലാത്ത പെൺ പൂക്കൾക്ക്, ഓരോ ക്ലസ്റ്ററിലും ഏതാനും പൂക്കളും രണ്ട് ടെപ്പലുകളാൽ ചുറ്റപ്പെട്ട ഒരു പിസ്റ്റിലും; പുറം ദളങ്ങൾ സർപ്പിളാകൃതിയുമാണുള്ളത്. പൂക്കൾ ഏകദേശം 1 ആഴ്ചക്കാലത്തോളം സസ്യത്തിൽ വിരിഞ്ഞ് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇവയുടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറ്റിക്കാടുകളെ ശ്രദ്ധേയമാക്കുന്നു.<ref name=FWS/> പൂക്കളിൽ പ്രാണികൾ പരാഗണം നടത്തുന്നതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു<ref name=Devall/> സീസണിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ മഞ്ഞ് ഇടയ്ക്കിടെ പൂക്കളെ നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ഇതോടെ പൂക്കൾ കുറയുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒറ്റ വിത്തുള്ളതും, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ളതും ഏകദേശം 10–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളമുള്ളതും കടും ചുവപ്പ് നിറമുള്ളതുമായ ഇതിന്റെ കായ, വേനൽക്കാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിലോ ശരത്കാലത്തിലോ (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് മുതൽ ഒക്ടോബർ ആദ്യം വരെ) പാകമാകും. ഓരോ കായയുടെയും തണ്ടുകൾ 9–12 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.4–0.5 ഇഞ്ച്) നീളവും 2.5–3 മില്ലീമീറ്റർ (0.10–0.12 ഇഞ്ച്) കനവും ഉള്ളവയാണ്. ഇതിന്റെ അഗ്രഭാഗം വീർത്തതായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. കായകൾ വീഴുന്നതിനു ശേഷവും അതിന്റെ തണ്ടുകൾ നിലനിൽക്കുന്നു. അവയുടെ സാന്നിധ്യം ചെടിയുടെ ലിംഗഭേദത്തെയും പഴ ഉൽപാദനത്തിന്റെ മുൻകാല നിലവാരത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. കായ ഉൽപാദനം വർഷംതോറും വളരെയധികം വ്യത്യാസപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു തണ്ടിൽ 0 മുതൽ 150 വരെ കായ്കൾ വരെയുണ്ടാകുന്നു. <ref name=FWS/> == ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയും പരിധിയും == പോണ്ട്ബെറി സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ ജലാംശം നിറഞ്ഞ മണ്ണുള്ള തണ്ണീർത്തട ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥകളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ താഴ്ചയുള്ള കുളങ്ങളിലും, സൈപ്രസ് കുളങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ തടിമരങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലെ കാലാനുസൃതമായി നനഞ്ഞ താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. നിലവിൽ [[അലബാമ]], [[അർക്കൻസാസ്]], [[ജോർജിയ]], [[മിസിസിപ്പി]] , മിസോറി, നോർത്ത് കരോലിന, സൗത്ത് കരോലിന എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ 36 ഇനം കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ലൂസിയാനയിൽ നിന്നും ഒരുപക്ഷേ ഫ്ലോറിഡയിൽ നിന്നും ഇത് തുടച്ചുനീക്കപ്പെട്ടതായി തോന്നുന്നു. ഈ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും ലോവർ മിസിസിപ്പി അല്ലുവിയൽ സമതലത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും വലിയ കൂട്ടം സസ്യങ്ങൾ പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ മിസിസിപ്പിയിലെ ഡെൽറ്റ നാഷണൽ ഫോറസ്റ്റിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. == പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ത്രം == പോണ്ട്ബെറി ഒരു അപൂർവ ഇനമായിരുന്നിരിക്കാം. അതിന്റെ പരിസ്ഥിതിയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള അറിവ് പരിമിതമാണ്.<ref name=Devall/> മിസിസിപ്പിയിൽ, പോണ്ട്ബെറി താഴ്ന്ന പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലെ ഹാർഡ് വുഡ് വനങ്ങളിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. വടക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അർക്കൻസാസിലും തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ മിസോറിയിലും പഴയ മണൽക്കുന്ന് പാടങ്ങളിലെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ സീസണൽ കുളങ്ങളുടെ അടിത്തട്ടിലും അരികുകളിലും പോണ്ട്ബെറി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. എന്നാൽ തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ അർക്കൻസാസിൽ ഇത് നദിക്കരയിലെ താഴ്ന്ന ഒരു ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥയിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. [[സൗത്ത് കരോലിന]]യിൽ കാർസ്റ്റ് ഭൂപ്രകൃതിയുള്ള പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലും, ഗർത്തങ്ങളുടെ അരികുകളിലും, ജോർജിയയിൽ [[സ്ഫാഗ്നം]] ചതുപ്പുനിലങ്ങളുടെ അതിർത്തികളിലും ഇത് കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. വ്യത്യസ്ത സ്ഥലങ്ങളിലെ സൂര്യപ്രകാശം ആഴത്തിലുള്ള തണലിൽ നിന്ന് ഏതാണ്ട് പൂർണ്ണ സൂര്യപ്രകാശം വരെയാണ്. മിക്ക പോണ്ട്ബെറി കോളനികളും ഒരു വന മേലാപ്പിന് കീഴിൽ നേരിയ തണലിലാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. പക്ഷേ ചിലത് ഏതാണ്ട് പൂർണ്ണ സൂര്യപ്രകാശത്തിൽ വളരുന്നു. ജലത്തിനായുള്ള അതിന്റെ ആവശ്യകതകൾ നിറവേറ്റുന്നിടത്തോളം കാലം പോണ്ട്ബെറിക്ക് വ്യത്യസ്ത ആവാസ വ്യവസ്ഥകൾ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളാൻ കഴിയുമെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നു. തുറന്ന സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിൽ, മറ്റ് സസ്യ ഇനങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള മത്സരം ഇതിന് ഒരു പ്രശ്നമാകാം.<ref name=Devall/> ബാക്കിയുള്ള സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ പലതും ആൺ സസ്യങ്ങൾ മാത്രമുള്ളവയാണ്. പ്രത്യക്ഷത്തിൽ അവ ഒരൊറ്റ ചെടിയുടെ മുളകളാണ്. പോണ്ട്ബെറി പോലുള്ള ഡൈയോഷ്യസ് ഇനങ്ങളെ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ വിഘടനം സാരമായി ബാധിക്കുന്നു. കാരണം ഒരു ലിംഗത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ എണ്ണം സസ്യപരമായി മാത്രമേ പുനരുൽപ്പാദിപ്പിക്കാൻ കഴിയൂ. ഗണ്യമായ ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ നഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്നതോടെ, സസ്യങ്ങൾ കൂടുതൽ ഒറ്റപ്പെടുന്നു, പരാഗണകാരികൾ ആൺ സസ്യങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് പെൺ സസ്യങ്ങളിലേക്ക് സഞ്ചരിക്കാനുള്ള സാധ്യത കുറയുന്നു<ref name=Patrick/>[10] ==അവലംബം== {{Reflist}} ==ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105163123/http://www.lmrcc.org/Ecosystempage1_html/E-T%20Species/Pondberry.htm Lower Mississippi River Conservation Committee: Pondberry.] * [http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/plant/pondberry.html United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Pondberry in North Carolina.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090321002712/http://www.ncnhp.org/Images/97.pdf North Carolina Natural Heritage Program: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512155546/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/floraso/species/5/lindmeli.htm USGS: Southern Wetland Flora: Field Office Guide to Plant Species: Southern Spicebush.] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LIME7 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service: Plant Profile. Southern Spicebush.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090810181638/http://dnr.sc.gov/marine/mrri/acechar/specgal/berrypon.htm South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Pondberry.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080720123757/http://www.scnps.org/PDFs/newsletters/Fall_2007.pdf Glitzenstein, Jeff. Native Plant Society and Forest Service re-invigorate endangered pondberry at Honey Hill. Journal of the South Carolina Native Plant Society. Fall 2007.] {{Taxonbar|from=Q6552425}} {{Authority control}} [[വർഗ്ഗം:വംശനാശം നേരിടുന്ന സസ്യങ്ങൾ]] [[വർഗ്ഗം:തെക്കുകിഴക്കൻ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലെ സസ്യജാലങ്ങൾ]] 2451u0f0fl2cug6gx5vd1qvgnmo3s2o 0 669181 4644353 2026-07-08T09:07:35Z Meenakshi nandhini 99060 [[ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ]] എന്ന താളിലേക്ക് തിരിച്ചുവിടുന്നു 4644353 wikitext text/x-wiki #തിരിച്ചുവിടുക[[ലിൻഡെറ മെലിസിഫോളിയ]] f322nkwzet7g4iw5qaszwqcedjc0ux6 0 669182 4644414 2026-07-08T11:13:10Z Muhammed Ashfaq K A 220053 ''''നൂറുൽ ഉലമ എം.എ. അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ''' കേരളത്തിലെ പ്രമുഖ ഇസ്‌ലാമഹാ പണ്ഡിതനും, സമസ്ത കേരള ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ ഉലമയുടെ മുൻ പ്രസിഡന്റും, സുന്നീ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ ബൗ...' താൾ സൃഷ്ടിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു 4644414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''നൂറുൽ ഉലമ എം.എ. അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ''' കേരളത്തിലെ പ്രമുഖ ഇസ്‌ലാമഹാ പണ്ഡിതനും, സമസ്ത കേരള ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ ഉലമയുടെ മുൻ പ്രസിഡന്റും, സുന്നീ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ ബൗദ്ധിക സാരഥിയുമായിരുന്നു '''നൂറുൽ ഉലമ''' (പണ്ഡിതന്മാരിലെ പ്രകാശം) എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ട '''എം.എ. അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ''' (ശൈഖ് അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ അബ്ദുള്ളാ അൽ ഖാദിരി). മത-ഭൗതിക സമന്വയ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ സമ്പ്രദായത്തിന്റെ ശില്പിയായ അദ്ദേഹം, വ്യവസ്ഥാപിത മദ്രസാ പ്രസ്ഥാന രൂപീകരണത്തിലും കാസർകോട് ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യ അറബിയ്യയുടെ സ്ഥാപനത്തിലും നിർണ്ണായക പങ്കുവഹിച്ചു. കഴിഞ്ഞ ഒരു നൂറ്റാണ്ടുകാലത്ത് കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്‌ലിം ഉമ്മത്ത് കൈവരിച്ച എല്ലാ പുരോഗതിയുടെയും പടവുകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സാന്നിധ്യമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ''' വ്യക്തിവിവരങ്ങളും ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതവും ''' 1924 ജൂലൈ 1-ന് (ഹിജ്റ 1342 റജബ് 29, തിങ്കളാഴ്ച) കാസർകോട് ജില്ലയിലെ തൃക്കരിപ്പൂരിനടുത്തുള്ള ഉടുംബുന്തല എന്ന ഉൾനാടൻ ഗ്രാമത്തിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചത്. ഇടുങ്ങിയ വഴികളും വളവുകളും പരിമിതമായ സൗകര്യങ്ങളുമുള്ള ഒരു കുഗ്രാമ പശ്ചാത്തലമായിരുന്നു അന്ന് ഉടുംബുന്തലയുടേത്. ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് ഭരണത്തിൻ കീഴിൽ കൊടും പട്ടിണിയും, അയിത്തവും, സാമൂഹിക ഉച്ചനീചത്വങ്ങളും കൊടുമ്പിരിക്കൊണ്ടിരുന്ന 1920-കളിലെ കഠിനമായ സാഹചര്യത്തിലാണ് അദ്ദേഹം വളർന്നത്. സാധാരണക്കാരന് ഭൗതികമോ മതപരമോ ആയ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം അപ്രാപ്യമായിരുന്ന ആ കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ, പ്രതികൂല സാഹചര്യങ്ങളോട് ഒഴുക്കിനെതിരെ നീന്തിയാണ് അദ്ദേഹം തന്റെ വിജ്ഞാന തൃഷ്ണ നിലനിർത്തിയത്. '''മാതാപിതാക്കൾ:'''കുറിയ അബ്ദുല്ല ഹാജി (പിതാവ്), നാലുരപ്പാട് മറിയം (മാതാവ്). '''കുടുംബം:''' ഖദീജ എന്നവരായിരുന്നു ജീവിതാവസാനം വരെ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് തണലായി നിന്ന ജീവിതപങ്കാളി. '''മക്കൾ:''' നഫീസ, കുഞ്ഞഹമ്മദ്, ബീഫാത്വിമ, മുഹമ്മദ് അബ്ദുൽ വഹാബ്, ജുവൈരിയ്യ. == '''വിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും ഗുരുനാഥന്മാരും''' == മാതാമഹന്റെയും അമ്മാവന്റെയും കീഴിൽ വിജ്ഞാനത്തിന്റെ ആദ്യപാഠങ്ങൾ കുറിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം തുടർന്ന് 10 വർഷത്തോളം പ്രശസ്തമായ ബീരിച്ചേരി ദർസിൽ പഠനം നടത്തി. അവിടുത്തെ പ്രധാന മുദരിസായിരുന്ന തൃക്കരിപ്പൂർ ഷാഹുൽ ഹമീദ് തങ്ങളാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തെ ആത്മീയമായും ബൗദ്ധികമായും വളർത്തിയെടുത്തത്. കിതാബുകളുടെ വായനക്കപ്പുറം ആധുനിക അറബി ഭാഷയിലും ഉറുദുവിലും മികച്ച പ്രാഗത്ഭ്യം നേടാൻ ഈ കാലയളവിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് സാധിച്ചു. === വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ഗുരുനാഥന്മാർ (വിദ്യാ ഗുരുക്കൾ) === * അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ ഹാജി മുസ്‌ലിയാർ (ഉപ്പാപ്പ) * അഹ്മദ് മുസ്‌ലിയാർ (അമ്മാവൻ) * തൃക്കരിപ്പൂർ ഷാഹുൽ ഹമീദ് തങ്ങൾ * നാദാപുരം ശീറാസി മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * കൊയപ്പ മുഹമ്മദ് കുട്ടി മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * എൻ.സി. അബ്ദുൽ ഖാദിർ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ === ആത്മീയ ഗുരുനാഥന്മാർ (ആത്മീയ ഗുരുക്കൾ) === * ഏഴിമല ഹാമിദ് കോയമ്മ തങ്ങൾ * കോട്ടയം ശൈഖ് അബൂബക്കർ ഹാജി * ചാപ്പനങ്ങാടി ബാപ്പു മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * കക്കിടിപ്പുറം അബൂബക്കർ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * പാനായിക്കുളം അബ്ദുറഹ്മാൻ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * ചാവക്കാട് കുഞ്ഞിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ * ഈസാ ചെറുകുഞ്ഞിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ * പാങ്ങിൽ അഹ്മദ് കുട്ടി മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * ഖുതുബി മുഹമ്മദ് മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * ശൈഖ് ആദം ഹസ്രത്ത് * ചാവക്കാട് ഹുസൈൻ മുസ്‌ലിയാർ * സയ്യിദ് മുഹമ്മദ് അലവി മാലിക്കി (മക്ക) == '''സേവന മേഖലകൾ (ദർസ് ടൈംലൈൻ)''' == മത-ഭൗതിക സമന്വയ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിന്റെ ശില്പിയായ അദ്ദേഹം ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യയുടെ സാരഥിയാകുന്നതിന് മുൻപ് വിവിധയിടങ്ങളിൽ പ്രമുഖ മുദരിസായി സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. ആയിരക്കണക്കിന് ശിഷ്യന്മാരെയാണ് അദ്ദേഹം വാർത്തെടുത്തത്: * '''1949 – 1973 :''' തൃക്കരിപ്പൂർ മെട്ടമ്മൽ ദർസ് * '''1973 – 1978 :''' തളിപ്പറമ്പ് ഖുവ്വത്തുൽ ഇസ്‌ലാം ദർസ് * '''1978 – 1979 :''' ഉദിനൂർ ദർസ് * '''1979 മുതൽ :''' ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യയുടെ പ്രധാന മുദരിസായും ജനറൽ മാനേജരായും ('സാരഥി') സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. == മദ്രസാ പ്രസ്ഥാനവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ബോർഡ് രൂപീകരണവും == ഇന്ത്യക്ക് സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം ലഭിച്ചതോടെ ഗവൺമെന്റ് സ്കൂളുകളിൽ അതുവരെ നിലനിന്നിരുന്ന മതപഠന സൗകര്യങ്ങൾ നിർത്തലാക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഈ ഘട്ടത്തിൽ മുസ്‌ലിം കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങൾ മതവിശ്വാസത്തിൽ നിന്നും അകന്നുപോകുമെന്ന തിരിച്ചറിവിൽ നിന്നാണ് വ്യവസ്ഥാപിതമായ ഒരു മദ്രസാ സംവിധാനം വേണമെന്ന ദീർഘവീക്ഷണം അദ്ദേഹത്തിനുണ്ടാകുന്നത്. തന്റെ ചിന്തകൾ 1951 ഫെബ്രുവരി-മാർച്ച് മാസങ്ങളിലെ സമസ്തയുടെ മുഖപത്രമായ 'അൽ ബയാൻ' മാസികയിലൂടെ ലേഖന രൂപത്തിൽ അദ്ദേഹം പൊതുസമൂഹത്തിന് മുന്നിൽ വെച്ചു. തുടർച്ചയായി, 1951 മാർച്ചിൽ നടന്ന സമസ്തയുടെ 19-ാം വാർഷിക സമ്മേളനത്തിൽ, വെറുമൊരു മുതഅല്ലിം (വിദ്യാർത്ഥി) മാത്രമായിരുന്ന തന്റെ 27-ാം വയസ്സിൽ മദ്രസ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിനായുള്ള ചരിത്രപ്രധാനമായ പ്രമേയം അദ്ദേഹം അവതരിപ്പിച്ചു. ഈ വിപ്ലവകരമായ നീക്കമാണ് സമസ്ത കേരള ഇസ്‌ലാം മത വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ബോർഡ് രൂപീകരണത്തിന് കാരണമായത്. ആദ്യ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ബോർഡ് രൂപീകരിച്ച സമിതിയിൽ അവസാനകാലം വരെ ജീവിച്ചിരുന്ന ഏക വ്യക്തിയും അദ്ദേഹമായിരുന്നു. പിന്നീട് ഈ ബോർഡിന്റെ പ്രസിഡന്റായും സെക്രട്ടറിയായും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. ഈ മദ്രസാ പ്രസ്ഥാനം കേവലം മതപഠനത്തിന് മാത്രമായിരുന്നില്ല, മലബാറിലെ പിന്നാക്ക ഗ്രാമങ്ങളിൽ മുസ്‌ലിം പെൺകുട്ടികളുടെയും സഹോദര സമുദായങ്ങളിലെ കുട്ടികളുടെയും പ്രാഥമിക വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ നിരക്ക് നൂറിരട്ടി വേഗത്തിലാക്കാൻ കാരണമായ ഒരു സാമൂഹിക വിപ്ലവം കൂടിയായിരുന്നു. == '''സംഘടനാ രംഗവും പ്രധാന നാഴികക്കല്ലുകളും''' == സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യ സമരത്തിൽ ആകൃഷ്ടനാവുകയും മയ്യിത്ത് പരിപാലന സംഘത്തിലൂടെ ചെറുപ്രായത്തിൽ പൊതുരംഗത്തേക്ക് കടന്നുവരികയും ചെയ്ത അദ്ദേഹം, താജുൽ ഉലമാ ഉള്ളാൾ തങ്ങളോടൊപ്പം അരനൂറ്റാണ്ടിലേറെക്കാലം സുന്നീ പ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിന്റെ ജീവനാഡിയായും ബൗദ്ധിക കേന്ദ്രമായും പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു. വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്കും യുവാക്കൾക്കുമായി SSF, SYS, പിന്നീട് കേരള മുസ്‌ലിം ജമാഅത്ത് എന്നീ ഘടനകൾക്ക് അദ്ദേഹം ശക്തമായ അടിത്തറയിട്ടു. == '''വർഷം | പ്രധാന പദവികൾ / നാഴികക്കല്ലുകൾ''' == | '''1946''' | സമസ്ത കേരള ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ ഉലമയിൽ ഔദ്യോഗികമായി അംഗത്വം നേടി. | | '''1951''' | സമസ്തയുടെ മുഖപത്രമായ അൽ ബയാനിൽ എഴുതിയ ലേഖനത്തിലൂടെ സമസ്ത കേരള ഇസ്‌ലാം മത വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ബോർഡ് രൂപീകരണത്തിന് കാരണക്കാരനായി. | | '''1954''' | സമസ്ത കേരള സുന്നി യുവജന സംഘത്തിന്റെ (SYS) സ്ഥാപകാംഗമായി. | | '''1958''' | മദ്രസാധ്യാപകരുടെ സംഘടനയായ ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ മുഅല്ലിമീൻ രൂപീകരണത്തിന് നേതൃത്വം നൽകി. | | '''1960-കൾ''' | സമസ്ത കേന്ദ്ര മുശാവറ അംഗമായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. | | '''1965''' | ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ മുഅല്ലിമീൻ കേന്ദ്ര കൗൺസിൽ പ്രസിഡന്റായി ചുമതലയേറ്റു. | | '''1973''' | സമസ്തക്ക് ജില്ലാ കമ്മിറ്റി രൂപം കൊണ്ടപ്പോൾ അവിഭക്ത കണ്ണൂർ ജില്ലാ സമസ്തയുടെ പ്രഥമ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി. പിന്നീട് ദീർഘകാലം കണ്ണൂർ, കാസർകോട് ജില്ലകളുടെ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, സെക്രട്ടറി സ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ വഹിച്ചു. | | '''1976 – 1989''' | ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ മുഅല്ലിമീൻ കേന്ദ്ര കൗൺസിൽ സെക്രട്ടറിയായും പാഠപുസ്തക കമ്മിറ്റി കൺവീനറായും പ്രവർത്തിച്ച് സിലബസ് നവീകരണത്തിന് നേതൃത്വം നൽകി. | | '''1982 – 1995''' | ഇ.കെ. ഹസൻ മുസ്‌ലിയാരുടെ വിയോഗാനന്തരം സമസ്ത കേരള സുന്നി യുവജന സംഘത്തിന്റെ (SYS) സംസ്ഥാന പ്രസിഡന്റായി 12 വർഷം സേവനമനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. | | '''1989 മുതൽ''' | സമസ്ത കേരള ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ ഉലമ കേന്ദ്ര മുശാവറ വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റായും സമസ്ത കേരള സുന്നി വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ബോർഡിന്റെ അഖിലേന്ത്യ പ്രസിഡന്റായും ചുമതലയേറ്റു. | | '''2014 (ഫെബ്രു 9''' | താജുൽ ഉലമാ ഉള്ളാൾ തങ്ങളുടെ വിയോഗത്തെ തുടർന്ന്, തന്റെ 93-ാം വയസ്സിൽ സമസ്ത കേരള ജംഇയ്യത്തുൽ ഉലമയുടെ പ്രസിഡന്റായി കാസർകോട് സഅദിയ്യയിൽ വെച്ച് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ജനറൽ സെക്രട്ടറി കാന്തപുരം എ.പി. അബൂബക്കർ മുസ്‌ലിയാരാണ് യോഗം ഉദ്ഘാടനം ചെയ്തത്. | '''മറ്റു പ്രധാന പദവികൾ''' തഅ്‌ലീമി ബോർഡ് ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ പ്രസിഡന്റ്, അൽ മുജമ്മഅ് പ്രസിഡന്റ്, കാസർകോട് ജില്ലാ സമസ്ത പ്രസിഡന്റ്. == '''സമന്വയ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വിപ്ലവവും ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യയും''' == കേരളത്തിൽ മതവിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും ഭൗതികവിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും ഒരേ കുടക്കീഴിൽ കൊണ്ടുവരുന്ന 'സമന്വയ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ' രീതിക്ക് അടിത്തറ പാകിയത് ഇദ്ദേഹമാണ്. മുസ്ലിം പണ്ഡിതന്മാർ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ പഠിക്കുന്നതിനെതിരാണെന്ന പൊതുസമൂഹത്തിന്റെ തെറ്റായ ധാരണകളെ അദ്ദേഹം തിരുത്തിക്കുറിച്ചു. ഇതിനായി ചെന്നൈ റീജിയണിൽ നേരിട്ട് പോയി അനുമതി വാങ്ങിക്കൊണ്ട് കാസർകോട് ജില്ലയിലെ ആദ്യകാല ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മീഡിയം സ്കൂളുകളിലൊന്നായ 'സഅദിയ്യ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മീഡിയം സ്കൂൾ' അദ്ദേഹം സ്ഥാപിച്ചു. മുൻപുണ്ടായിരുന്ന 'സഅദിയ്യ അറബിക് കോളേജ്' ഏറ്റെടുത്തപ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹം അതിന്റെ പേര് 'ജാമിഅ' (യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി) എന്ന് തിരുത്തി. ഇതൊരു അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര നിലവാരമുള്ള ഇസ്‌ലാമിക സർവ്വകലാശാലയാക്കുക എന്നതായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ലക്ഷ്യം. കൂടാതെ, ദരിദ്രരായ മതവിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്ക് പഠനം തുടരുന്നതിനായി കേരളത്തിൽ ആദ്യമായി മുതഅല്ലിം സ്കോളർഷിപ്പ് സംവിധാനം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തിയതും എം.എ. ഉസ്താദാണ്. == '''സാമ്പത്തിക രംഗത്തെ സൂക്ഷ്മതയും ലാളിത്യവും''' == എം.എ. ഉസ്താദിന്റെ ജീവിതത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും തിളക്കമാർന്ന അധ്യായം അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ സാമ്പത്തിക വിശ്വസ്തതയും അങ്ങേയറ്റത്തെ സൂക്ഷ്മതയുമായിരുന്നു. യാത്രകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹം എപ്പോഴും മൂന്ന് വ്യത്യസ്ത കവറുകൾ സൂക്ഷിക്കുമായിരുന്നു. ഒന്ന് സ്ഥാപനത്തിന്റെ പണം വെക്കാനും, രണ്ടാമത്തേത് സംഘടനയുടെ പണം വെക്കാനും, മൂന്നാമത്തേത് തന്റെ വ്യക്തിപരമായ ആവശ്യങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള പണം വെക്കാനും. ഏത് ആവശ്യത്തിന് പണം ചിലവഴിക്കുമ്പോഴും അത് ഏത് വകുപ്പിൽ പെട്ടതാണെന്ന് പൂർണ്ണമായി ബോധ്യപ്പെട്ട ശേഷമേ ആ കവറിൽ നിന്ന് പണമെടുക്കൂ. ചില്ലറ ബാക്കി വന്നാൽ അത് കൃത്യമായി ആ കവറിൽ തന്നെ തിരികെ നിക്ഷേപിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുമായിരുന്നു. * '''യു.എ.ഇ യാത്രയും അൽ ഐൻ കമ്മിറ്റിയും (1981):''' 1981-ലാണ് സഅ്ദിയ്യ ബോർഡിംഗ് മദ്രസ കെട്ടിട നിർമ്മാണ ഫണ്ട് ശേഖരണാർത്ഥം അദ്ദേഹം ആദ്യമായി യു.എ.ഇയിലെത്തുന്നത്. വി.കെ.പി ഖാലിദ് ഹാജിയോടൊപ്പം എത്തിയ ഉസ്താദ് അബുദാബി ഗവൺമെന്റിന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക അതിഥിയായാണ് താമസിച്ചത്. തൊട്ടടുത്ത വർഷം സഅ്ദിയ്യയുടെ പുരോഗതിക്കായി ചരിത്രപ്രധാനമായ 'അൽ ഐൻ കമ്മിറ്റി' രൂപീകരിച്ചു. ഈ കമ്മിറ്റിയുടെ സെക്രട്ടറിയായി മൂന്ന് പതിറ്റാണ്ടുകാലം ആത്മാർത്ഥമായി പ്രവർത്തിച്ചത് മൂഴപ്പാല സാറായിരുന്നു. * '''കുവൈത്ത് യാത്ര (2003):''' അബ്ദുൽ ഗഫാർ സഅ്ദിയോടൊപ്പം കുവൈത്തിൽ എത്തിയപ്പോൾ കമ്മിറ്റിക്കാർ തനിക്കായി ഒരുക്കിയ ആഡംബര ഹോട്ടൽ മുറിയിലെ വലിയ ബെഡ് കണ്ട് അദ്ദേഹം അസ്വസ്ഥനായി. "ഞാനെന്റെ ജീവിതത്തിൽ ഇന്നേവരെ ഇങ്ങനെയൊരു ബെഡിൽ കിടന്നിട്ടില്ല" എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞ് അദ്ദേഹം ബെഡ്ഷീറ്റെടുത്ത് തറയിൽ വിരിച്ച് അവിടെയാണ് കിടന്നത്. ഹോട്ടലിന്റെ വലിയ വാടക നൽകുന്നത് സഅ്ദിയ്യയിലെ യത്തീം കുട്ടികളുടെ ഭക്ഷണത്തിനുള്ള പണത്തിൽ നിന്നാകുമല്ലോ എന്നോർത്ത് വിഷമിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം പിറ്റേന്ന് രാവിലെ തന്നെ ആ ഹോട്ടൽ ഒഴിപ്പിച്ചു. * '''മമ്മുഞ്ഞി ഹാജിയുടെ ഹദ്‌യ:''' ഒരിക്കൽ അബുദാബിയിൽ നിന്ന് ദുബായിലേക്ക് പോകാനൊരുങ്ങിയ അദ്ദേഹത്തെ യാത്രയാക്കാൻ ആത്മമിത്രമായ കോട്ടിക്കുളം മമ്മുഞ്ഞി ഹാജി എത്തി. ബഹുമാനസൂചകമായി അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു കവർ (ഹദ്‌യ) ഉസ്താദിന്റെ മടിയിൽ വെച്ചുകൊടുത്തു. വണ്ടി നീങ്ങിത്തുടങ്ങിയപ്പോഴാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ആ കവർ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുന്നത്. ഉടൻ തന്നെ വണ്ടി നിർത്താൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ട അദ്ദേഹം, "എന്നെ നരകം തീറ്റിക്കുകയാണോ...?" എന്ന് ചോദിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് ആ പണം വ്യക്തിപരമായി വാങ്ങാൻ വിസമ്മതിച്ചു. ഒടുവിൽ ഹാജിയുടെ നിർബന്ധപ്രകാരം അത് വാങ്ങിയെങ്കിലും നാട്ടിലെത്തിയ ഉടൻ ആ തുക മുഴുവനായും സഅ്ദിയ്യയുടെ ഫണ്ടിലേക്ക് വകമാറ്റി അതിന്റെ റസീപ്റ്റ് ഹാജിക്ക് അയച്ചുകൊടുത്തു. * '''റമളാനിലെ ഇഅ്തികാഫും ശമ്പളം വാങ്ങാത്ത ജീവിതവും:''' റമളാൻ അവസാന പത്തിൽ എവിടെയായിരുന്നാലും (നാട്ടിലോ വിദേശത്തോ) അദ്ദേഹം ഇഅ്തികാഫ് പൂർണ്ണമായി അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചിരുന്നു. നാട്ടിലാണെങ്കിൽ സഅ്ദിയ്യ ക്യാമ്പസ് പള്ളിയിലോ മസ്ജിദുൽ ഹറാമിലോ ആയിരിക്കും ഇത്. ഒരിക്കൽ റമളാൻ പതിനെട്ടിന് നാട്ടിലേക്ക് തിരിക്കുമ്പോൾ മർസൂഖ് സഅ്ദിയുടെ കയ്യിൽ 7,500 രൂപ അടങ്ങിയ ഒരു കവർ കൊടുത്തു. അറബികൾ തനിക്ക് തന്ന ഹദ്‌യയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള തുകയാണിതെന്നും, യാത്രയിൽ കൂടെ വന്നതിനുള്ള വിഹിതമാണെന്നും അദ്ദേഹം പറഞ്ഞു. ബാക്കി തുക സഅ്ദിയ്യയിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുകയും ചെയ്തു. ആ മാസം അദ്ദേഹം സഅ്ദിയ്യയിൽ നിന്ന് ശമ്പളം വാങ്ങിയിട്ടുണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. * '''ഒരു ലക്ഷം രൂപയുടെ റസീപ്റ്റും അറബിയുടെ സാക്ഷ്യപ്പെടുത്തലും:''' ഒരിക്കൽ യു.എ.ഇ സന്ദർശനവേളയിൽ ഒരാൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കയ്യിൽ ഒരു ലക്ഷം രൂപ നൽകി; അതിൽ പകുതി സഅ്ദിയ്യക്കും പകുതി വ്യക്തിപരമായും ഉള്ളതാണെന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു. എന്നാൽ നാട്ടിലെത്തിയ അദ്ദേഹം ഒരു ലക്ഷം രൂപയുടെയും റസീപ്റ്റ് അയാൾക്ക് അയച്ചുകൊടുത്തു. ഇതുകണ്ട് അത്ഭുതപ്പെട്ട ആ വ്യക്തി, അദ്ദേഹം നിർബന്ധിച്ചതു കൊണ്ട് മാത്രം പിന്നീട് 50,000 രൂപ ഉസ്താദിനായി തിരിച്ചുനൽകി. എന്നാൽ ആ തുകയും സഅ്ദിയ്യയിലെ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുന്ന മുദരിസിനും മറ്റുള്ളവർക്കുമായി വീതിച്ചു നൽകുകയാണ് അദ്ദേഹം ചെയ്തത്. 1998-ൽ സഅ്ദിയ്യയുടെ പ്രചരണാർത്ഥം അൽഖോബാറിലെത്തിയ അബ്ദുൽ ഗഫാർ സഅ്ദി വഴി പ്രമുഖ അറബിയായ മുഹമ്മദ് ശുക്‌രിയെ കാണാൻ ഇടയായി. സഅ്ദിയ്യയുടെ പേര് കേട്ടയുടൻ ആ അറബി എഴുന്നേറ്റ് നിന്ന് ബഹുമാനിക്കുകയും 2,000 റിയാൽ നൽകുകയും ചെയ്തു. മുൻവർഷം ഉസ്താദ് തന്റെ അടുത്ത് വന്നപ്പോൾ വ്യക്തിപരമായി നൽകിയ പണവും സ്ഥാപനത്തിന്റെ ഫണ്ടിലേക്ക് മാറ്റി റസീപ്റ്റ് അയച്ചുതന്ന അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പരമാർത്ഥതയെക്കുറിച്ച് ആ അറബി വാചാലനായി. "ഇങ്ങനെയുള്ള ഒരാൾ നടത്തുന്ന സ്ഥാപനം ഒരിക്കലും വഴികേടിലാകില്ല" എന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം സാക്ഷ്യപ്പെടുത്തി. == '''അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര വിനിമയങ്ങളും സാഹിത്യ സംഭാവനകളും''' == എം.എ. ഉസ്താദിന്റെ ദീർഘവീക്ഷണത്തിന്റെ ഫലമായി 1970-80 കാലഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ ലോകത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഭാഗങ്ങളിലുള്ള 112-ഓളം രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യയിൽ വന്ന് പഠിക്കാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെട്ട് വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾ കത്തുകൾ അയച്ചിരുന്നു. അവർക്കെല്ലാം ഭക്ഷണവും താമസവും വാഗ്ദാനം ചെയ്ത് അദ്ദേഹം കൃത്യമായി മറുപടി അയച്ചിരുന്നു. ആഗോള പണ്ഡിതന്മാരുമായി കവിതകളിലൂടെ ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്തുന്ന ശൈലിയായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റേത്. മക്കയിലെ പ്രശസ്ത സൂഫി പണ്ഡിതൻ ശൈഖ് ഹസൻ ശദ്ദാദ് തങ്ങളുമായി അടുത്ത ബന്ധമുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ഹസൻ ശദ്ദാദ് തങ്ങൾ ഇദ്ദേഹത്തെ 'ശൈഖീ... സയ്യിദീ...' എന്ന് വിളിച്ച് ആദരിക്കുകയും ഉസ്താദിനെ വസ്ഫ് (വർണ്ണന) ചെയ്തുകൊണ്ട് 15 വരികളുള്ള പ്രശസ്തമായ അറബി കവിത ആലപിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. മക്കയിലെ പ്രമുഖ പണ്ഡിതൻ സയ്യിദ് മുഹമ്മദ് അലവി മാലികി വഫാത്തായപ്പോൾ അദ്ദേഹം അനുശോചനകാവ്യം രചിച്ചു. ദുബായ് ഔഖാഫ് ഗ്രാൻഡ് മുഫ്തി ഡോ. അബ്ദുൽ അസീസ് അൽ ഹദ്ദാദാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കവിതാ ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിന് അവതാരിക എഴുതിയത്. മലേഷ്യയിലെ സൂഫിവര്യൻ മഹ്മൂദ് ബഹ്‌രി, ദുബായ് പോലീസ് മേധാവി ശൈഖ് ളാഹി ഖൽഫാൻ എന്നിവരെക്കുറിച്ചും കവിതകൾ രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. പ്രസംഗത്തിലും എഴുത്തിലും ഒരുപോലെ ശോഭിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം ആനുകാലികങ്ങളിൽ സ്ഥിരമായി ലേഖനങ്ങൾ എഴുതിയിരുന്നു. മലയാളത്തിലും അറബിയിലുമായി നാൽപ്പതിലേറെ (30-40+) പ്രൗഢ ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങൾ അദ്ദേഹം രചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. കവിതകളിൽ പ്രമുഖ കവികളുടെ വരികളോ ആശയങ്ങളോ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുന്ന ശൈലിയായ 'തള്മീൻ', 'ഇഖ്തിബാസ്' എന്നിവ ധാരാളമായി കാണാമായിരുന്നു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ അമൂല്യ കൃതികൾ സമാഹരിച്ച് മൂന്ന് വാല്യങ്ങളിലായി 'സംയുക്ത കൃതികൾ' എന്ന പേരിൽ പുറത്തിറക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. == '''ആദർശ പോരാട്ടങ്ങളും ഗ്രന്ഥസംരക്ഷണ വിപ്ലവവും''' == മുസ്ലിം ഉമ്മത്തിന്റെ ആദർശ വിശുദ്ധി കാത്തുസൂക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിൽ എം.എ. ഉസ്താദ് വിട്ടുവീഴ്ചയില്ലാത്ത നിലപാടുകാരനായിരുന്നു. ഉമ്മത്തിനെ വഴിതെറ്റിക്കാൻ ശ്രമിച്ച വഹാബിസം, ഖാദിയാനിസം, മൗദൂദിസം, തബ്‌ലീഗ്, കമ്മ്യൂണിസം, യുക്തിവാദം, ലിബറലിസം, സിയോണിസം, ഫെമിനിസം തുടങ്ങിയ എല്ലാ വ്യതിയാന പ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾക്കെതിരെയും അദ്ദേഹം വിരൽ ചൂണ്ടുകയും നിരന്തരം എഴുതുകയും ചെയ്തു. പൂർവ്വികരായ മഹത്തുക്കൾ എഴുതിയ പ്രമാണിക ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളിൽ പുതിയ കാലത്ത് നിക്ഷിപ്ത താല്പര്യക്കാർ വരികൾ മുറിച്ചുമാറ്റിയും കൂട്ടിച്ചേർത്തും കൃത്രിമത്വം കാണിക്കുന്നതിനെക്കുറിച്ച് അദ്ദേഹം കടുത്ത ആശങ്കാകുലനായിരുന്നു. ഇതിന് പരിഹാരമായി അത്തരം അമൂല്യ ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങൾ ഡിജിറ്റലൈസ് ചെയ്ത് സൂക്ഷിക്കണമെന്ന് അദ്ദേഹം നിർദ്ദേശിച്ചു. ഇതിനായി സുയൂത്വി ഇമാമിന്റെ 'അൽ വസാഇലുൽ കുബ്‌റാ', 'അൽ ഖസ്വാഇസുൽ കുബ്‌റാ' തുടങ്ങിയ കിതാബുകൾ കൊച്ചിയിലെ ഒരു മുതഅല്ലിമിന്റെ സഹായത്തോടെ ഡിജിറ്റൽ രൂപത്തിലാക്കി കമ്പ്യൂട്ടറിൽ സൂക്ഷിക്കാൻ മുൻകൈ എടുത്തു. സ്കാനറുകൾ ഇല്ലാതിരുന്ന അക്കാലത്ത് ഫോണും നാല് ക്യാമറകളും ഉപയോഗിച്ച് പേജുകൾ പകർത്തിയാണ് ഇത് സാധ്യമാക്കിയത്. അബുദാബിയിലെത്തിയ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ഇത് കാണിച്ചുകൊടുത്തപ്പോൾ ഏറെ സന്തോഷിച്ചു. == '''പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ''' == വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ, സാമൂഹിക, മതരംഗങ്ങളിലെ മികച്ച പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ മുൻനിർത്തി ഒരു ഡസനിലേറെ പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ടവ: * അബുദാബി മുസഫ അവാർഡ് (മികച്ച സാമൂഹ്യ സേവനത്തിന്) * എസ്.വൈ.എസ് ഗോൾഡൻ ജൂബിലി അവാർഡ് (ഇസ്‌ലാമിക് റിസർച്ച് സെന്റർ) * കോടമ്പുഴ ഗസ്സാലി അവാർഡ് (മികച്ച വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ പ്രവർത്തകന്) * എസ്.എസ്.എഫിന്റെ മഖ്ദൂം അവാർഡ് == '''വിയോഗം''' == തന്റെ 94-ാം വയസ്സിൽ, തൃക്കരിപ്പൂർ എളമ്പച്ചി കൈക്കോട്ടുകടവിലെ സ്വവസതിയിൽ വെച്ച് ആ നവോത്ഥാന നായകൻ അല്ലാഹുവിന്റെ വിളിക്ക് ഉത്തരം നൽകി. ലക്ഷക്കണക്കിന് വിശ്വാസികളുടെ കണ്ണീരോടെ, തൃക്കരിപ്പൂരിൽ നടന്ന ചരിത്രപ്രധാനമായ മയ്യിത്ത് നിസ്കാരത്തിന് ശേഷം, അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ജീവിതത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ സ്വപ്നസാക്ഷാത്കാരമായിരുന്ന കാസർകോട് ജാമിഅ സഅദിയ്യ അറബിയ്യ കാമ്പസിൽ ഭൗതികശരീരം ഖബറടക്കി. തിങ്കളാഴ്ച രാവുകളിൽ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ മഖാമിൽ നടക്കുന്ന സിയാറത്തിലും കൂട്ടപ്രാർത്ഥനയിലും പങ്കുചേർന്ന്, ആ മഹത്തുക്കൾ വെട്ടിത്തെളിച്ച പാതയിലൂടെ സഞ്ചരിക്കാൻ ഇന്നും പതിനായിരങ്ങളാണ് കാസർകോട്ടേക്ക് ഒഴുകിയെത്തുന്നത്. നൂറുൽ ഉലമ എഴുതിയ ദീർഘവീക്ഷണത്തോടെയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങളും ആശയങ്ങളും ഇന്ന് മലബാർ ഫൗണ്ടേഷനിലൂടെയും നോളജ് സിറ്റിയിലൂടെയും (ജാമിഅ് ഉൽ ഫുതൂഹ് നോളജ് സിറ്റി പോലുള്ളവ) കൂടുതൽ വിശാലമായ തലങ്ങളിൽ യാഥാർത്ഥ്യമായിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയാണ്. ഐഹികവും പാരത്രികവുമായ യഥാർത്ഥ വിജയം ('അൽ ഫലാഹ്') ലക്ഷ്യമാക്കിയുള്ള ഈ പ്രയാണം അവിരാമം തുടരുന്നു. 6hlm5goie8q3ig8l0mk57ikrsyeo9hp