ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ mniwiki https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯋꯤꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯋꯤꯀꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 16645 62380 62210 2026-11-04T23:19:13Z InternetArchiveBot 372 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 62380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael Dell 2010.jpg|thumb|ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯜ]] '''ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯎꯜ ꯗꯦꯜ''' (ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯳, ꯱꯹꯶꯵) ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ|ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ]]ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯅꯔ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯥꯟꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ, ꯆꯦꯌꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Surrounding oneself with the best talent|url=https://www.industr.com/en/surrounding-oneself-with-the-best-talent-2465191|language=en|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2020-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426115445/https://www.industr.com/en/surrounding-oneself-with-the-best-talent-2465191|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ''ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯃꯕꯥꯔꯒ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯅꯔꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁꯅꯥ'' ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯲꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯋꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯲꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯴꯵ꯅꯤ ꯫ <ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/michael-s-dell/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Michael Dell}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯱ꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲꯴꯳.꯳꯵ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳.꯵ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯱꯲%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thereformedbroker.com/2011/03/20/michael-dells-very-big-stock-purchase|title=Michael Dell's Very Big Stock Purchase|publisher=The Reformed Broker|date=2011-03-20|author=Brown, Joshua}}</ref> ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2010/02/08/focus1.html?page=all|title=Managing Michael Dell's multibillions|publisher=BizJournals|date=2010-02-07|author=Calnan}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲꯴.꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯀꯄꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/|title=Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside The Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever|author=Guglielmo|date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯸ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dell-ipo-idUSKCN1OR14E|title=Dell returns to market with NYSE listing|date=2018-12-28}}</ref> == ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ == ꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯶꯵ꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯣꯠ (née Langfan), ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔ, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100213162103/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jan2007/tc20070131_658871.htm?campaign_id=msnbc_dell Biography of Michael Dell.] businessweek.com (From The Associated Press; 2007-01-31).</ref> ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯖꯥꯟꯗꯔ ꯗꯦꯜ, ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯔꯣꯗ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2008-03-15|title=Proud Products: Michael Dell|url=http://www.tasb.org/schools/proud_products/michael_dell.aspx|accessdate=2022-11-13|archivedate=2008-03-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315223203/http://www.tasb.org/schools/proud_products/michael_dell.aspx}}</ref> ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯸ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael S. Dell|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/}}</ref> ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯠ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref name="Achievement">{{Cite web|title=Michael S. Dell Biography and Interview|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/#interview}}</ref> ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯷ꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯨꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯵ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯁꯦꯀꯇꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ, ꯑꯦꯄꯜ II ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯦꯝꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref name="Direct from Dell">{{Cite book|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/directfromdellst00dell}}</ref> ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ''ꯍꯧꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ'' ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯄꯁꯟ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯗꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯸꯳ꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯃꯦꯗ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-09|title=Michael Dell|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197566|language=en}}</ref> ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯀꯣꯜ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ-ꯆꯦꯒꯤ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯄꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯱꯸,꯰꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯝ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite book|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/directfromdellst00dell}}</ref> ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯣꯌꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯲꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯹ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MichaelDell/status/975186931138080768?tfw_site=timesofindia|title=First financial statement for @Dell. The one I used to convince my parents that it was OK for me to not go back to collegepic.twitter.com/kKuGDsyvYZ|date=<!--6:47 PM - -->17 March 2018}}</ref> == ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ == Chupen polla cabrones ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯵꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ. <ref name="NatPressClub">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2000/000608.mdell.html|title=Michael Dell|date=June 8, 2008}}</ref> ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇꯥ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯕꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯔ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯛ  ꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ.ꯀꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite book|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/directfromdellst00dell}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯰꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯛꯅꯥ [[ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ]]ꯒꯤ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯱꯲.꯸ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯡꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯇꯣꯞ, ꯅꯣꯇꯕꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯳꯴.꯳ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯳꯰.꯷ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dell beats Compaq for No. 1 ranking|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-256143.html|date=April 1, 2001|access-date=November 13, 2022|archive-date=October 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026074225/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-256143.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ꯱꯹꯹꯸ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯠ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯸꯰ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ, ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯥ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|title=MSD Capital – About Us|url=http://www.msdcapital.com/about.htm|accessdate=2022-11-13|archivedate=2010-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211113535/http://www.msdcapital.com/about.htm}}</ref> ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯴, ꯲꯰꯰꯴ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ.ꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ [[ꯊꯥ]]ꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯀꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯌꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯣ . ꯲꯰꯰꯷ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯳꯱ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ. ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯚꯥꯔ ꯂꯦꯛ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔꯁ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁꯣꯐꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯔꯇꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ, ꯏꯅꯀꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯜ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯂꯅꯥꯏ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯷꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside the Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/#7a52b1224fd2}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯵ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯱꯲ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯁꯣꯐꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ . ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯶꯷ꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ “ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯕꯤꯖꯤꯁꯟ” ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34505553|title=Dell agrees $67bn EMC takeover|date=2015-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-12/dell-to-acquire-emc-for-67-billion-to-add-data-storage-devices|title=Dell to Buy EMC in Deal Worth About $67 Billion|date=2015-10-12}}</ref> ꯑꯦꯛꯀ꯭ꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯷, ꯲꯰꯱꯶ꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160907005946/en/Historic-Dell-EMC-Merger-Complete-Forms-World%E2%80%99s|title=Historic Dell and EMC Merger Complete; Forms World's Largest Privately-Controlled Tech Company {{!}} Business Wire|date=September 7, 2016}}</ref> == ꯄꯦꯅꯥꯜꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ == ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡ <ref name="Sec.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21599.htm|title=Dell Inc., Michael S. Dell, Kevin B. Rollins, James M. Schneider, Leslie L. Jackson, Nicholas A.R. Dunning|publisher=Sec.gov|date=2010-07-22}}</ref> ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯥꯜꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ.ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯟ ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯴ ꯑꯃꯃꯝ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯣ. ꯫ <ref name="Sec.gov" /> == ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯆꯔꯤ == ꯗꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯂꯣꯗꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ''ꯏꯅꯛ'' ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯅꯗꯒꯤ "ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯠꯔꯞꯔꯤꯅꯔ" (ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯴ꯗꯥ); ''ꯋꯔꯗ'' ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯅꯗꯒꯤ "ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯕꯤꯖꯅꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ"; ''ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗ'', ''ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯋꯤꯛ'' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ''ꯆꯤꯐ ꯑꯦꯒꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕ'' ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ "ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ." ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯱꯹꯹꯸ꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔꯗ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref> ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯂꯤꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯔ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯂꯤꯗꯔꯁꯤꯄꯁꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/michael-s-dell|title=MICHAEL S. DELL|publisher=[[Franklin Institute]]|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2016-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142844/https://www.fi.edu/laureates/michael-s-dell|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ == ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ, ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯄꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/bios/michael_dell?c=us&l=en&s=corp&cs=uscorp1|title=Michael Dell}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒ ꯑꯦꯕꯣꯠꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯏꯛ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯨ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯟꯈꯤ – [[ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ|ꯀꯣꯕꯤꯗ-꯱꯹ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠꯀꯤ]] ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ “ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ” ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khou.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/gov-abbott-introduces-strike-force-to-reopen-texas/285-b7a72787-706e-47f6-856d-0818909de8b9|title=These are the experts, leaders working with Gov. Abbott's strike force to reopen Texas|date=April 17, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> == ꯑꯏꯕ == ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ''ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯗꯦꯜ: ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤꯖ ꯊ꯭ꯌꯥꯠ ꯔꯤꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯏꯖꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ'' ( ꯍꯥꯔꯄꯔꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯊꯔꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯃꯦꯅꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯝꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite book|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|url=https://archive.org/details/directfromdellst00dell}}</ref> ꯗꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ''ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯅꯥꯏꯁ ꯕꯠ ꯋꯤꯟ: ꯑꯦ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁ ꯖꯔꯅꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯔ ꯇꯨ ꯂꯤꯗꯔ'' (ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯐꯣꯂꯤꯑꯣꯅꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯃꯁ ꯀꯞꯂꯥꯅꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯝꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|title=Reading recommendations: Paul Polman and Michael Dell have new books out|url=https://fortune.com/2021/10/05/reading-recommendations-paul-polman-michael-dell-ceo-daily/}}</ref> == ꯂꯟ ꯊꯨꯝ == ''ꯐꯣꯔꯕꯦꯁꯅꯥ'' as of April 2021 ꯗꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯋꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰.꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ <ref name="forbes3">{{Cite web|title=The real-time billionaires list|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell/?list=rtb/}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯸ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯠꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯅ꯵꯷ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯍꯥꯎꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯰꯰.꯵ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref name="wsj-record">{{Cite news|title=Michael Dell Paid a Record $100.47 Million for Manhattan's One57 Penthouse|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-dell-paid-a-record-100-47-million-for-manhattans-one57-penthouse-1519304017?mod=cx_picks&cx_navSource=cx_picks&cx_tag=poptarget&cx_artPos=1#cxrecs_s}}</ref> == ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ == ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲꯸, ꯱꯹꯸꯹ ꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯁꯥꯟ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ; ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/42202/face-time-michael-dell|title=Face Time With Michael Dell|last=Fishman|first=Charles|date=2001-02-28|work=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/A-Focus-on-Efficiency/172567|title=A Focus on Efficiency|last=Schwinn|first=Elizabeth|date=2006-04-06|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/content/suddenly-susan|title=Suddenly Susan|last=COLLOFF|first=PAMELA|date=2000-07-31|work=Texas Monthly|language=en-US}}</ref> === ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ === ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯁꯥꯟ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯁꯥꯟ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ: ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯁꯨꯁꯥꯟ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯦꯜꯊꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯤꯡ, ꯗꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯠ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ꯫ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯀꯦꯝꯄꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-grants-50-million-to-university-of-texas-to-bring-excellence-in-childrens-health-and-education-to-austin-56377712.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Grants $50 Million to University of Texas to Bring Excellence in Children's Health and Education to Austin|last=Foundation|first=Michael & Susan Dell|language=en}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.utexas.edu/2013/01/30-0|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Invests $50 million to Establish the Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin|language=en|accessdate=2022-11-13|archivedate=2016-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426213023/http://news.utexas.edu/2013/01/30-0}}</ref> ꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ., ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱.꯲꯳ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msdf.org/|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯊꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯤꯂꯁ ꯌꯨꯝꯊꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯦꯝꯄꯁ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/dells-great-success-story/|title=Dell's Great Success Story|last=Gwynne|first=S.C.}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ [[ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ]], [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ|ꯚꯥꯔꯠ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ|ꯈꯥ ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ]] ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯶꯵꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-applauds-the-first-ladys-lets-move-campaign-to-end-childhood-obesity-83955497.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Applauds the First Lady's 'Let's Move!' Campaign to End Childhood Obesity|first=Michael & Susan Dell|last=Foundation}}</ref> ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯴꯶꯶ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4961328|title=The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation: Private Company Information - Businessweek}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯰꯲ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯌꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯅꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>Annette Condon (2002-05-29), [https://web.archive.org/web/20070710143111/http://www.ul.ie/main/news/dell.doc Michael Dell Conferred with Honorary Doctorate from the University of Limerick]. University of Limerick Press Release</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯲ꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯁꯥꯟ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯀꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯅꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.statesman.com/news/news/dell-family-foundation-to-donate-60-million-for-ut/nT98b/|title=Dell family foundation to donate $60 million for UT medical school, local health care|author=Ralph K.M. Haurwitz|date=January 30, 2013}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯴ꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯖꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱.꯸ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hollywood gala raises a record $33 million for IDF|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/hollywood-gala-raises-a-record-33-million-for-idf/}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯷ꯇꯥ ꯍꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯔꯚꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳꯶ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tech billionaire Michael Dell pledges $36 million to Harvey relief efforts|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/09/01/technology/michael-dell-harvey-donation/index.html?sr=fbCNN090117michael-dell-harvey-donation1212PMStory|accessdate=2022-11-13|archivedate=2017-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902003156/http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/01/technology/michael-dell-harvey-donation/index.html?sr=fbCNN090117michael-dell-harvey-donation1212PMStory}}</ref> ꯲꯰꯱꯷ꯀꯤ ꯃꯦ ꯊꯥꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯗꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ <ref>{{Cite news|last=Forbes|first=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell/#25258c186ce0|title=Forbes}}</ref> == ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ == {{Reflist|30em}} 4xryiyc598gfmd3a496g3llp91vitkc 0 17585 62379 58357 2026-11-04T19:52:47Z Ladsgroup 627 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:The dynamid atomic model, by Philipp Lenard, 1903.gif]] → [[File:The dynamid atomic model, by Philipp Lenard, 1903.svg]] SVG, higher quality 62379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | image = Lenard.jpg | caption = ꯱꯹꯰꯵ ꯗ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ | birth_name = ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯏꯗꯨꯑꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯟꯇꯣꯟ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1862|6|7}} | birth_place = <!-- Per birth_place in Template:infobox person -->[[ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯕꯔ꯭ꯒ]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austrian Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1947|5|20|1862|6|7}} | death_place = {{ill|Messelhausen|de}}, [[American occupation zone in Germany|US-Zone]], [[Allied-occupied Germany]] | citizenship = Hungary<ref>{{cite web|title=Lénárd Fülöp (1862–1947)|url=http://www.sulinet.hu/tart/fncikk/Kjbd/0/7020/lenardfulop.html|language=hu|website=Sulinet|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116072053/http://www.sulinet.hu/tart/fncikk/Kjbd/0/7020/lenardfulop.html|archive-date=16 November 2007}}</ref>{{br}}Germany | alma_mater = {{plainlist| *[[University of Vienna]] *[[University of Budapest]] *[[University of Heidelberg]] ([[PhD]], 1886) }} | known_for = {{ubl |{{tree list}} * Researching [[cathode ray]]s (1888–1894) ** Improving the [[Crookes tube]] (1894) {{tree list/end}} | Researching the [[photoelectric effect]] (1902) }} | awards = {{ubl|[[Rumford Medal]] (1896)|[[Matteucci Medal]] (1896)|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1905)|[[Franklin Medal]] (1932)}} | field = [[Physics]] | work_institutions = {{plainlist| *[[University of Bonn]] (1892–1894) *[[University of Breslau]] (1894–1895) *[[University of Aachen]] (1895–1896) * University of Heidelberg (1896–1898, 1907–1931) *[[University of Kiel]] (1898–1907) }} | doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Bunsen]]{{br}}[[Georg Hermann Quincke]]<ref name=NobelBio/> | doctoral_students = [[Edward Andrade]]<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Andrade|author-first=E.N. da C. |editor-last= Ewald|editor-first= P.P.|editor-link=Paul Peter Ewald|date= July 1962|title= 50 Years of X-ray crystallography|url= https://www.iucr.org/publ/50yearsofxraydiffraction|location=Chester, England |publisher=[[International Union of Crystallography]] |isbn=978-1-4615-9961-6 |chapter= Some Personal Reminiscences.|chapter-url=http://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/743/andrade.pdf}}</ref>{{br}}[[Walther Kossel]]<ref name=Germany50Xray>{{Cite book |last1=Hellner |first1=E.E. |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4615-9961-6 |title=Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction: Dedicated to the International Union of Crystallography on the Occasion of the Commemoration Meeting in Munich July 1962 |last2=Ewald |first2=P.P. |date=1962 |publisher=Springer US |isbn=978-1-4615-9963-0 |editor-last=Ewald |editor-first=P. P. |location=Boston, MA |language=en |chapter=Germany |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-9961-6 |chapter-url=http://www.iucr.org/iucr-top/publ/50YearsOfXrayDiffraction/chap20.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|461}} }} '''ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯗꯨꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯣꯟ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ''' [Hungarian: Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal′ ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯱꯸꯶꯲ - ꯲꯰ ꯃꯦ ꯱꯹꯴꯷ ] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯰꯵ꯗ "ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯍꯪꯒꯦꯔꯤ- ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ (ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯇꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯅꯥꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯄ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯜꯐ ꯍꯤꯠꯂꯔ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯅꯥꯓꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ|ꯅꯥꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ]] "ꯗꯣꯏꯆ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ" ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇ ꯑꯦꯜꯕꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ "ꯖꯨꯏꯁ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ == ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ == ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯕꯔꯒ (''ꯄꯣꯖꯁꯣꯅꯤ'', ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯚꯥ) ꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯶꯲ ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯷ ꯇ ꯍꯪꯒꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯇ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯱꯷ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯩꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯗꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯖꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯕꯔꯒꯇ ꯌꯨ-ꯂꯂꯣꯟꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤ ꯕꯣꯃꯟ ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯄꯥ-ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ''ꯄꯣꯖꯁꯣꯅꯤ ꯀꯤꯔꯥꯂꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯂꯤꯀꯁ ꯐꯦꯒꯤꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ'' (ꯉꯁꯤ ꯒꯝꯀꯥ) ꯗ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯆꯦꯖꯟꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯚꯤꯔꯖꯤꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯠꯇꯒꯤ) ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯰ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ [[ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯟꯅꯥ|ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯅꯥ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯨꯗꯥꯄꯦꯁꯠ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯲ ꯗ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯕꯨꯗꯥꯄꯦꯁ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯕꯔꯒꯇ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯳ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯕꯨꯗꯥꯄꯦꯁꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯒꯇ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯒꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯔꯣꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯟꯁꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ, ꯕꯔꯂꯤꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯃꯦꯁꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯔꯃꯟ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠ꯭ꯁꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯖꯣꯔ꯭ꯖ ꯍꯔꯃꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯤꯟꯀꯦ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯶ꯗ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯷ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯕꯨꯗꯥꯄꯦꯁꯠꯇ ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯟ ꯏꯠꯚꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯆꯦꯟ, ꯕꯣꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯂꯣ, ꯍꯦꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯒ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯜ ꯗ ꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯷ꯗ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯦꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯱꯹꯰꯵ ꯗ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯰꯷ꯗ ꯍꯪꯒꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯎꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ == ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ == === ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ === [[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:The dynamid atomic model, by Philipp Lenard, 1903.svg|thumb|ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ, ꯱꯹꯰꯳]] ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯸ꯗ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯝꯕꯗ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯌꯧꯕꯗ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯎꯈꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯎꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯎꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯎꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯆꯦꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯥꯗꯦꯁꯥꯏꯜꯄꯥꯔꯥꯇꯣꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯅ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯟꯠꯖꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯤꯅꯣꯁꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯅꯝꯐꯨꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔꯗꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯥꯗꯦꯁꯤꯜꯄꯥꯔꯥꯇꯣꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯔꯣꯟꯠꯖꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯨꯞꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯐꯥꯎꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯡꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇ ꯀꯨꯡꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯈꯔ ꯐꯥꯎꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯖꯦ. ꯖꯦ. ꯊꯣꯝꯁꯟ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯖꯔꯕ ꯏꯅꯣꯔꯦꯖꯛ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯍꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯄꯗ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯊꯣꯝꯁꯟꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯁꯀꯜꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯙꯥꯋꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ "ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯗꯁ" ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯝ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯂꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯁꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ [[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Lenard_window_tube_labeled.svg|thumb|ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ]] ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯔꯨꯀꯤꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯜꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯚꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯃꯩꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯚꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯙꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯩꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wheaton|first=Bruce R.|year=1978|title=Philipp Lenard and the Photoelectric Effect, 1889-1911|journal=Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences|volume=9|pages=299–322|doi=10.2307/27757381|jstor=27757381}}</ref> ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯑꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯢꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯢꯟ|ꯑꯜꯕꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ]] ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯗ ꯔꯦ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ [[ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯛ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟ]]|ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯛ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟ]], h ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯱ꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯄꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ, ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯟꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯟꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯱ ꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ, [[ꯋꯤꯜꯍꯦꯜꯝ ꯔꯣꯟꯠꯖꯦꯟ]] ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ, ꯔꯣꯟꯠꯖꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, "ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ" ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯔꯣꯟꯠꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ "ꯃꯤꯗꯋꯥꯏꯐ" ꯑꯃꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔꯗꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯵ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ === ꯑꯏꯪ ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ === ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯲ꯗ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ "ꯗ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯦ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯐꯣꯜ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯟꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯝꯕꯔꯒꯔ ꯕꯟꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ == ''ꯗꯣꯏꯆ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ'' == ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ "ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ" ꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯕ ꯖꯔꯃꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯖꯣꯍꯥꯅꯥꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walker|first=Mark|date=1989-01-01|title=National Socialism and German Physics|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002200948902400103|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|pages=63–89|doi=10.1177/002200948902400103|issn=0022-0094}}</ref>ꯅꯥꯖꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯅ "ꯗꯣꯏꯆ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ" ꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ "ꯖꯨꯏꯁ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ" ꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯦꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ "ꯖꯨꯏꯁꯀꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ" ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯅꯤ (ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯖꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ) ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯅꯥꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯌꯟ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯗꯣꯏꯆ ꯐꯤꯁꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯟ ꯃꯔꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯨꯝꯅ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ ꯗ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ''ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ, ꯑꯦ ꯍꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ'', ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯑꯥꯔꯌꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ" ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ [[ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯤ|ꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤ]] ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯀꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯐꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯱꯹꯵꯴ꯒꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯏꯗꯤꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯱꯹ ꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯈꯤ: "ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯈꯪꯖꯔꯛꯄꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯗ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯗ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫" == ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ == ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯱ꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯒ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯃꯦꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯸꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯦꯜꯝꯍꯣꯜꯠꯖ-ꯖꯤꯝꯅꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯦꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯷ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯥꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯕꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯷ꯇ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯜꯍꯧꯁꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ == ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ == * ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ: ꯔꯝꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ, ꯱꯸꯹꯶ * [[Italian Society of Sciences|ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ]]: ꯃꯥꯠꯇꯦꯎꯆꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ, ꯱꯸꯹꯶ * ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ: ''ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥ ꯀꯦꯖ'', ꯱꯸꯹꯷ <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marie)|first=Abbé Moigno (François Napoléon|year=1898|title=Prix La Caze|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TzYoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA122|journal=Cosmos: Revue des Sciences et de Leurs Applications|volume=38|issue=678|pages=122}}</ref> * ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ: ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯡꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ, ꯱꯹꯳꯲ * ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ, ꯱꯹꯰꯵ * [[ꯊꯥ (ꯊꯄꯤ)|ꯊꯥ]] ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯵ꯗꯒꯤ (ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯸ꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ) ꯲꯰꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯖꯤꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ == ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ == * ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯥꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯁ: ꯇ꯭ꯋꯤꯁꯇꯦꯠ ꯕꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯁꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯗ "ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯖ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ * ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ ꯖꯦ. ꯍꯤꯜꯃꯦꯟ, ꯕꯤꯔꯖꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯔꯇꯜ-ꯋꯥꯒꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯔꯟ꯭ꯗ ꯁꯤ. ꯋꯦꯒꯅꯔꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯗ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯍꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯜꯛꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯟ: ꯍꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯖꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔꯗꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ * ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯷ꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯁꯇ ꯃꯃꯤꯔꯣꯏ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯀꯦꯜꯍꯦꯠꯟꯅ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ * ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯁꯣꯗꯇ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅ ꯚꯤꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ == ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ == ==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ== {{R}} 3umrua1mw127tnrbcldpnc3511yqbfr