ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ mnwwiktionary https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 case-sensitive မဳဒဳယာ တၟေင် ဓရီုကျာ ညးလွပ် ညးလွပ် ဓရီုကျာ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ ဓရီုကျာ ဝှာင် ဝှာင် ဓရီုကျာ မဳဒဳယာဝဳကဳ မဳဒဳယာဝဳကဳ ဓရီုကျာ ထာမ်ပလိက် ထာမ်ပလိက် ဓရီုကျာ ရီု ရီု ဓရီုကျာ ကဏ္ဍ ကဏ္ဍ ဓရီုကျာ အဆက်လက္ကရဴ အဆက်လက္ကရဴ ဓရီုကျာ ကာရန် ကာရန် ဓရီုကျာ အဘိဓာန် အဘိဓာန် ဓရီုကျာ ဗီုပြၚ်သိုၚ်တၟိ ဗီုပြၚ်သိုၚ်တၟိ ဓရီုကျာ TimedText TimedText talk မဝ်ဂျူ မဝ်ဂျူ ဓရီုကျာ Event Event talk 828 1072 394222 300650 2026-05-09T13:29:24Z 咽頭べさ 33 394222 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local audio_module = "Module:audio" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local ugsub = m_str_utils.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local usub = m_str_utils.sub local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ar") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Arab") local correspondences = { ["ʾ"] = "ʔ", ["ṯ"] = "θ", ["j"] = "d͡ʒ", ["ḥ"] = "ħ", ["ḵ"] = "x", ["ḏ"] = "ð", ["š"] = "ʃ", ["ṣ"] = "sˤ", ["ḍ"] = "dˤ", ["ṭ"] = "tˤ", ["ẓ"] = "ðˤ", ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["ʿ"] = "ʕ", ["ḡ"] = "ɣ", ["ḷ"] = "lˤ", ["ū"] = "uː", ["ī"] = "iː", ["ā"] = "aː", ["y"] = "j", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["ē"] = "eː", ["ō"] = "oː", [""] = "", } local vowels = "aāeēiīoōuū" local vowel = "[" .. vowels .. "]" local long_vowels = "āēīōū" local long_vowel = "[" .. long_vowels .. "]" local consonant = "[^" .. vowels .. ". -]" local syllabify_pattern = "(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. consonant .. "?)(" .. consonant .. "?)(" .. vowel .. ")" local tie = "‿" local closed_syllable_shortening_pattern = "(" .. long_vowel .. ")(" .. tie .. ")" .. "(" .. consonant .. ")" local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = ugsub(term, foo, bar) return retval end local function generate_obj(respelling) return { respelling = respelling } end local function combine_qualifiers(qual1, qual2) if not qual1 then return qual2 end if not qual2 then return qual1 end local qualifiers = m_table.deepCopy(qual1) for _, qual in ipairs(qual2) do m_table.insertIfNot(qualifiers, qual) end return qualifiers end local function split_on_comma(term) if not term then return nil end if term:find(",%s") or term:find("\\") then return require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(term) else return rsplit(term, ",") end end local function parse_respellings_with_modifiers(respelling, paramname) if respelling:find("[<%[]") then local put = require(parse_utilities_module) local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(respelling, { { "<", ">" }, { "[", "]" } }) local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments) local retval = {} for _, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do local j = 2 while j <= #group do if not group[j]:find("^<.*>$") then group[j - 1] = group[j - 1] .. group[j] .. group[j + 1] table.remove(group, j) table.remove(group, j) else j = j + 2 end end local param_mods = { q = { type = "qualifier" }, qq = { type = "qualifier" }, a = { type = "labels" }, aa = { type = "labels" }, ref = { item_dest = "refs", type = "references" }, } table.insert(retval, put.parse_inline_modifiers_from_segments { group = group, arg = respelling, props = { paramname = paramname, param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, }, }) end return retval else local retval = {} for _, item in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(item)) end return retval end end local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_obj, param_mods, splitchar) splitchar = splitchar or "," if arg:find("<") then param_mods.q = { type = "qualifier" } param_mods.qq = { type = "qualifier" } param_mods.a = { type = "labels" } param_mods.aa = { type = "labels" } param_mods.ref = { item_dest = "refs", type = "references" } return require(parse_utilities_module).parse_inline_modifiers(arg, { param_mods = param_mods, generate_obj = generate_obj, paramname = paramname, splitchar = splitchar, }) else local retval = {} local split_arg = splitchar == "," and split_on_comma(arg) or rsplit(arg, splitchar) for _, term in ipairs(split_arg) do table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term)) end return retval end end local function parse_audio(lang, arg, pagename, paramname) local param_mods = { IPA = { sublist = true }, text = {}, t = { item_dest = "gloss" }, gloss = {}, pos = {}, lit = {}, g = { item_dest = "genders", sublist = true }, bad = {}, cap = { item_dest = "caption" }, } local function process_special_chars(val) if not val then return val end return (val:gsub("#", pagename)) end local function generate_audio_obj(arg) return { file = process_special_chars(arg) } end local retvals = parse_pron_modifier(arg, paramname, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, "%s*;%s*") for _, retval in ipairs(retvals) do retval.lang = lang retval.text = process_special_chars(retval.text) retval.caption = process_special_chars(retval.caption) local textobj = require(audio_module).construct_audio_textobj(retval) retval.text = textobj retval.gloss = nil retval.pos = nil retval.lit = nil retval.genders = nil end return retvals end local function parse_regional_phonetics(ph_arg, pagename) if not ph_arg or ph_arg == "" then return {} end local regionals = {} for _, item in ipairs(rsplit(ph_arg, "%s*;%s*")) do local audio = nil local item_no_mod = item:gsub("<a:([^>]+)>", function(a) audio = a:gsub("#", pagename) return "" end) local region, ipa = item_no_mod:match("^([^:]+):(.+)$") if region and ipa then local regions = rsplit(region, "%s*,%s*") table.insert(regionals, { regions = regions, ipa = ipa, audio = audio }) end end return regionals end local function syllabify(text) text = ugsub(text, "%-(" .. consonant .. ")%-(" .. consonant .. ")", "%1.%2") text = ugsub(text, "%-", ".") for _ = 1, 2 do text = ugsub( text, syllabify_pattern, function(a, b, c, d) if c == "" and b ~= "" then c, b = b, "" end return a .. b .. "." .. c .. d end ) end text = ugsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ") (" .. consonant .. ")%.?(" .. consonant .. ")", "%1" .. tie .. "%2.%3") return text end local function closed_syllable_shortening(text) local shorten = { ["ā"] = "a", ["ē"] = "e", ["ī"] = "i", ["ō"] = "o", ["ū"] = "u", } text = ugsub(text, closed_syllable_shortening_pattern, function(vowel, tie, consonant) return shorten[vowel] .. tie .. consonant end) return text end function export.link(term) return require("Module:links").full_link { term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc } end function export.toIPA(list, silent_error) local translit if list.tr then translit = list.tr elseif list.term then require("Module:script utilities").checkScript(list.term, "Arab") translit = lang:transliterate(list.term) if not translit then if silent_error then return '' else error('Module:ar-translit failed to generate a transliteration from "' .. list.term .. '".') end end else if silent_error then return '' else error('No Arabic text or transliteration was provided to the function "toIPA".') end end translit = ugsub(translit, "llāh", "ḷḷāh") translit = ugsub(translit, "([iī] ?)ḷḷ", "%1ll") translit = ugsub(translit, "%(t%)", "") translit = ugsub(translit, "(" .. vowel .. ") " .. vowel, "%1 ") translit = ugsub(translit, "%-?l%-?", "l") translit = syllabify(translit) translit = closed_syllable_shortening(translit) local output = ugsub(translit, ".", correspondences) output = ugsub(output, "%-", "") return output end function export.get_pron_info(terms, pagename, paramname) if #terms == 1 and terms[1].respelling == "-" then return { pron_list = nil } end local pron_list = {} local brackets = "/%s/" for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local respelling = term.respelling local ar_term, tr if not respelling or respelling == "" or respelling == "#" then ar_term = pagename elseif rfind(respelling, "[a-zA-Z]") then tr = respelling elseif respelling:find("[ء-ي]") then ar_term = respelling else tr = respelling end local pron = export.toIPA({ term = ar_term, tr = tr }, false) if pron and pron ~= "" then local bracketed_pron = brackets:format(pron) table.insert(pron_list, { pron = bracketed_pron, q = term.q, qq = term.qq, a = term.a, aa = term.aa, refs = term.refs, }) end end return { pron_list = pron_list } end function export.show_old(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["tr"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["qual"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["nl"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["ann"] = {}, } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local ar_terms = args[1] local transliterations = args.tr local qualifiers = args.qual local nl = args.nl if not (ar_terms.maxindex > 0 or transliterations.maxindex > 0) then if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == "ထာမ်ပလိက်" then ar_terms[1] = "كَلِمَة" ar_terms.maxindex = 1 else error( 'Please provide vocalized Arabic in the first parameter of {{[[Template:ar-IPA|ar-IPA]]}}, or transliteration in the "tr" parameter.') end end local pronunciations = {} for i = 1, math.max(ar_terms.maxindex, transliterations.maxindex) do local ar_term = ar_terms[i] local tr = transliterations[i] local qual = qualifiers[i] if not (ar_term or tr) then error("There is a gap in the parameters. Provide either |" .. i .. "= or |tr" .. i .. "=.") elseif ar_term and tr then mw.logObject("Duplicate parameters |" .. i .. "= and |tr" .. i .. "= in {{ar-IPA}},") end local pron = export.toIPA { term = ar_term, tr = tr } table.insert(pronunciations, { pron = "/" .. pron .. "/", qualifiers = qual and { qual } or nil }) end local anntext = "" if args.ann then anntext = args.ann if args.ann:find("%+") then local anndefs = {} for i = 1, ar_terms.maxindex do local ar_term = ar_terms[i] if ar_term then table.insert(anndefs, "'''" .. ar_term .. "'''") end end if anndefs[1] then anndefs = table.concat(anndefs, ", ") anntext = anntext:gsub("%+", require("Module:string utilities").replacement_escape(anndefs)) end end anntext = require("Module:qualifier").format_qualifier(anntext, "", "") .. ":&#32;" end if nl then return anntext .. require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_multiple(lang, pronunciations) else return anntext .. require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = pronunciations } end end function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local process = require("Module:parameters").process local params = { [1] = {}, ["audios"] = {}, ["a"] = { alias_of = "audios" }, ["ph"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, ["indent"] = {}, ["ann"] = {}, } local args = process(parent_args, params) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local indent = args.indent or "*" local termspec = args[1] or "#" local terms = parse_respellings_with_modifiers(termspec, 1) local pronobj = export.get_pron_info(terms, pagename, 1) local regional_phonetics = parse_regional_phonetics(args.ph, pagename) local parts = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(parts, text) end local anntext = "" if args.ann then anntext = args.ann if args.ann:find("%+") then local anndefs = {} for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local respelling = term.respelling if respelling and respelling:find("[ء-ي]") then table.insert(anndefs, "'''" .. respelling .. "'''") end end if anndefs[1] then anndefs = table.concat(anndefs, ", ") anntext = anntext:gsub("%+", require("Module:string utilities").replacement_escape(anndefs)) end end anntext = require("Module:qualifier").format_qualifier(anntext, "", "") .. ":&#32;" end if pronobj.pron_list and #pronobj.pron_list > 0 then local formatted = require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = pronobj.pron_list } ins(indent .. anntext .. mw.ustring.toNFC(formatted)) end if args.audios then local format_audio = require("Module:audio").format_audio local audio_objs = parse_audio(lang, args.audios, pagename, "audios") for i, audio_obj in ipairs(audio_objs) do if #audio_objs > 1 and not audio_obj.caption then audio_obj.caption = "Audio " .. i end ins("\n" .. indent .. " " .. format_audio(audio_obj)) end end if #regional_phonetics > 0 then local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_accent = require("Module:accent qualifier") for _, regional in ipairs(regional_phonetics) do local regions = regional.regions local ipa = regional.ipa local pron_item = { pron = "[" .. ipa .. "]" } local formatted_ipa = m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = { pron_item } } local formatted_region = m_accent.format_qualifiers(lang, regions) local line = "\n" .. indent .. indent .. " " .. formatted_region .. " " .. mw.ustring.toNFC(formatted_ipa) if regional.audio then local audio_obj = { lang = lang, file = regional.audio, } local textobj = require(audio_module).construct_audio_textobj(audio_obj) audio_obj.text = textobj line = line .. " " .. require("Module:audio").format_audio(audio_obj) end ins(line) end end return concat(parts) end return export 32xx03m57nsajo7e9188wla1dkz07h7 14 3826 394234 167645 2026-05-09T14:02:23Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ပံၚ်ကောံအရေဝ်ဝေါဟာအၚ်္ဂလိက်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] ဇရေင် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအၚ်္ဂလိက်ပံၚ်ဖျဝ်စုတ်လဝ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 164014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်]] cgthbuhht2vx8a42gqbqvafhhdb35kh 828 58223 394248 155218 2026-05-09T15:54:22Z 咽頭べさ 33 394248 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] --[=[ TERMINOLOGY: -- "slot" = A particular combination of tense/mood/person/number/etc. Example slot names for verbs are "pres1p" (present indicative first-person plural), "impsub12s" (imperfect subjunctive first/second-person singular form) and "pp" (past participle). Each slot is filled with zero or more forms. -- "form" = The conjugated Italian form representing the value of a given slot. -- "lemma" = The dictionary form of a given Italian term. For Italian, always the infinitive. ]=] --[=[ RULES FOR CONJUGATION: 1. Present indicative: -- Individual form overrides always take precedence. -- Otherwise, if presrow: if given, this specifies all six forms (1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p). -- Otherwise: 1. The 1s form is generated from the explicitly specified pres1s principal part. 2. The 3p form is generated from the explicitly specified pres1s principal part by replacing -o with -ano (for -are verbs) or with -ono (for -ere/-ire verbs). 3. The 2s and 3s forms are generated as follows: a. If an explicit pres3s principal part is given using PRES1S^PRES3S, the 2s/3s stem is generated by removing final -a/-e. b. Otherwise, if an explicit stem was given using stem:, this serves as the 2s/3s stem. c. Otherwise, if the infinitive is root-stressed, the 2s/3s stem comes from the infinitive. This is used e.g. with [[togliere]] (tòlgo, tògli, tòglie, togliàmo, togliéte, tòlgono), where the stem of the 1s and 3p forms is different from the stem of the 2s and 3s forms. d. Otherwise, the pres1s stem is used. From this stem, the 2s form is generated by adding -i (possibly with some adjustments; two unstressed i's together are compressed to one, and -h- is inserted after the stem if the verb is an -are verb and the stem ends with -c or -g), and the 3s form is generated by adding -a (for -are verbs) or -e (for -ere/-ire verbs). 4. The 1p and 2p forms are generated from the infinitive stem (or explicit stem given by stem:) by adding -iàmo (1p form) and -àte/-éte/-ìte (2p form, -are/-ere/-ire verbs). We don't use the pres1s form because it might have a different stem (e.g. +isc verbs). 2. Present subjunctive: -- Individual form overrides always take precedence. -- Otherwise, if subrow: if given, this specifies all four forms (123s, 1p, 2p, 3p). -- Otherwise: 1. If sub: is given, this specifies the 123s form; otherwise the 123s form is generated from the pres1s form by changing -o to -a (for -ere/-ire verbs), or to -i (for -are verbs). E.g. for [[venire]], vèngo -> vènga; for [[potere]], pòsso -> pòssa. sub: needs to be given for e.g. [[essere]] (pres1s sóno, sub1s sìa), [[sapere]] (pres1s sò* but sub1s sàppia), [[fare]] (pres1s fàccio:fò*[archaic or dialectal] but sub1s just fàccia), [[andare]] (similar to [[fare]]), [[dovere]]. 2. The 3p form is generated from the 123s form by adding -no. 3. The 1p form is copied from the pres1p form. 4. The 2p form is generated from the 1p form by replacing -mo with -te. 3. Imperative: -- Individual form overrides always take precedence. -- Otherwise, if improw: if given, this specifies 2s, 2p. -- Otherwise: 1. If imp: given, this specifies the 2s form; otherwise the 2s form is generated by copying the pres2s form (for -ere/-ire verbs) or by copying the pres3s form (for -are verbs). We use the present indicative 2s/3s forms to preserve vowel and other alternations in the root-stressed forms (for all -are verbs, for [[venire]] and [[tenere]], for +isc verbs, etc.). 2. The 2p form is generated by copying the pres2p form. 3. The 3s, 1p, 3p forms are copied from the corresponding present subjunctive forms. ]=] --[=[ EXAMPLES OF CONJUGATION: ; Including archaic and literary forms: {{it-conj|essere<e\è\-,-,stàto:essùto[archaic]:sùto[archaic]. presrow:sóno,sèi,è,siàmo:sémo[archaic],siète:sète[archaic],sóno:èmmo[archaic]. imperfrow:èro:èra[literary],èri,èra,eravàmo:èramo[archaic],eravàte,èrano. phisrow:fùi,fósti:fùsti[archaic],fù*,fùmmo,fóste:fùste[archaic],fùrono:fùro[archaic]:fóre[archaic]:fòro[archaic]. futrow:sarò,sarài,sarà:fìa[archaic]:fìe[archaic],sarémo,saréte,sarànno:fìano[archaic]:fìeno[archaic]. condrow:sarèi:sarìa[archaic]:fòra[archaic],sarésti,sarèbbe:sarìa[archaic]:fòra[archaic],sarémmo,saréste,sarèbbero:sarìano[archaic]:fòro[archaic]. subrow:sìa,siàmo,siàte,sìano:sìeno[literary]. impsub:fóssi:fùssi[archaic]. improw:sìi:siàte. ger:essèndo:sèndo[archaic]. presp:essènte[rare]:ènte[archaic] >}} {{it-conj|fare<a/-,féci,fàtto. stem:fàce. presrow:fàccio:fò*[archaic or dialectal],fài,fà*,facciàmo,fàte,fànno. sub:fàccia. imp:fà*:fài:fà' >}} {{it-conj|potere<a:e[as an auxiliary, with main verbs taking ''essere'']/-,potéi:potètti[less common]. presrow:pòsso,puòi,può*,possiàmo,potéte,pòssono. fut:potrò. imp:- >}} {{it-conj|dire<a/+,dìssi,détto. stem:dìce. pres2p:dìte. imp:dì':dì*! >}} {{it-conj|dare<a/-,dièdi:diédi:détti. phisstem:dé. presrow:dò*:dò*![less common],dài,dà*!,diàmo,dàte,dànno. fut:darò. sub:dìa. impsub:déssi. imp:dài:dà':dà*! >}} ; Including archaic and poetic forms: {{it-conj|dovere<a:e[as an auxiliary, with main verbs taking ''essere'']/-. presrow: dèvo:dévo:dèbbo:débbo:dèggio[archaic or poetic]:déggio[archaic or poetic], dèvi:dévi:dèi[archaic, poetic or popular Tuscan]:déi[archaic, poetic or popular Tuscan], dève:déve:dèe[archaic, poetic or popular Tuscan]:dée[archaic, poetic or popular Tuscan]:dèbbe[archaic]:débbe[archaic], dobbiàmo, dovéte, dèvono:dévono:dèbbono:débbono:dènno[archaic or poetic]:dénno[archaic or poetic]. fut:dovrò. sub:dèbba:débba:dèva[rare]:déva[rare]:dèggia[archaic or poetic]:déggia[archaic or poetic]:dèbbia[obsolete]:débbia[obsolete]. imp:- >}} {{it-conj|andare<e/-. presrow:vàdo:vò*[less common],vài,và*,andiàmo,andàte,vànno. fut:andrò. sub:vàda. imp:vài:và':và* >}} {{it-conj|valere<e:a[transitive]/vàlgo^à,vàlsi,vàlso.fut:varrò>}} {{it-conj|vedere<a/védo:véggo[literary]:véggio[poetic]^é,vìdi,vìsto:vedùto[less popular]. fut:vedrò >}} {{it-conj|venire<e/vèngo:vègno[archaic or poetic]^viène,vénni,venùto. fut:verrò >}} {{it-conj|sapere<a:e[as an auxiliary, with main verbs taking ''essere'']/-,sèppi. presrow:sò*,sài,sà*,sappiàmo,sapéte,sànno. fut:saprò. sub:sàppia. improw:sàppi:sappiàte >}} {{it-conj|piacere<e/piàccio^piàce,piàcqui.pres1p:piacciàmo>}} {{it-conj|comparire<e/compàio:+isc[less common]^à:+isc[less common],compàrvi:comparìi[less common]:compàrsi[in the legal sense],compàrso:comparìto[rare]>}} {{it-conj|togliere<a\ò\tòlgo,tòlsi,tòlto.fut:+:torrò[literary]>}} {{it-conj|condurre<a\+,condùssi,condótto.stem:condùce>}} {{it-conj|proporre<a\ó+\propóngo,propósi,propósto:propòsto.stem:propóne>}} {{it-conj|trarre<a\tràggo,tràssi,tràtto.stem:tràe>}} ; Third-person only verbs: {{it-conj|bufare<e/ù.impers>}} {{it-verb|accadere<e/à+,accàdde.fut:accadrà.thirdonly>}} {{it-verb|volerci<e/vuòle,vòlle.fut:vorrà.sub:vòglia.impers>}} ; Defective verbs: {{it-verb|redire<a/rièdo,-,redìto.imperf:-.fut:-.impsub:->}} {{it-verb|serpere<-\è,+,->}} ; Multiword expressions: {{it-verb|tenere<a/tèngo^tiène,ténni.fut:terrò> [[d']][[occhio]]}} {{it-conj|trascinare<a/ì> e rilasciare<a/à>}} ]=] --[=[ FIXME: 1. Fix inf_linked and lemma_linked to work like in [[Module:es-verb]]. (DONE) 2. Finish support for reflexive and pronominal verbs. (DONE) 3. Finish support for reflexive and pronominal imperatives. (DONE) 4. Finish support for negative imperatives. (DONE) 5. Fix handling of third-only verbs; require that irregular forms be specified in the first person. Remove existing half-implemented support for specifying principal parts in the third person. (DONE) 6. Support defective verbs specified using e.g. redire<a/rièdo,-,redìto.imperf:-.fut:-.impsub:->. Include categorization; but if row overrides or single overrides of all forms given, don't categorize as defective for that row. (DONE) 7. Fix handling of aux; snarf code from [[Module:de-verb]] to handle aux with multiword expressions. (DONE) 8. Add automatic support for common irregular verbs: [[essere]], [[avere]], [[andare]], [[fare]], [[dare]], [[dire]], [[venire]], [[vedere]], [[tenere]], [[bere]], etc. Should make combinations of these verbs with clitics, and multiword expressions with these verbs, easier to handle. (DONE) 9. Add support for calling from {{it-verb}} in [[Module:it-headword]]. (DONE) 10. Throw an error if forms missing accents are specified (perhaps except with some special signal, to make it easier to port the old [[Module:it-conj]]). 11. Consider adding combined clitic tables like in [[Module:es-verb]]. 12. Consider adding automatic support for prefixed -fare verbs. (DONE) 13. Consider displaying irregular forms in a different color, as with the old [[Module:es-conj]], or adding a triangle next to them, as with [[Module:ru-verb]]. 14. Consider supporting replace_reflexive_indicators(). 15. Add late (post-clitic-addition) overrides. (DONE) 16. PRES/PAST/PP spec should be required to come first to avoid ambiguities. (DONE) 17. Add variant codes to avoid mismatching variants in the conditional -èbbe/-ébbe, -éttero vs. érono, etc. 18. If explicit fut: given, it should control the conditional as well. (DONE) 19. If present -, sub:- or imp:-, it should suppress the whole row in the absence of row or individual overrides. 20. 'ci ci vuole' should maybe -> 'a noi ci vuole' instead of 'ci vuole'. 21. Instead of * before, use ! after so that * before can be used for reconstructed terms. (DONE) 22. When handling built-in verbs, automatically add + after vowel in cases like comporre. (DONE; HANDLED AUTOMATICALLY) 23. When handling built-in verbs, make sure we correctly handle root-stressed infinitives. (DONE) 24. When handling built-in verbs, make sure explicit ! afterwards is handled as if automatically there when a prefix is added, and make sure final accent is handled correct when a prefix is added. In both cases, verify both sfare and rifare, sdarsi and ridare. (DONE) 25. When handling built-in verbs, make sure we handle prefixes correctly w.r.t. negative imperatives. (DONE) 26. Support ref: in footnotes. (DONE) 27. Finish built-in -ire verbs. 28. Implement error("If past participle given as '-', auxiliary must be explicitly specified as '-'"). (DONE) 29. Make present participles default to enabled. (DONE) 30. Instead of a qualifier for syntactic gemination, use a superscripted symbol with a tooltip, as for {{it-IPA}}. Do this automatically for multisyllabic terms ending in a stressed vowel, but don't do it if the verb ends up non-final, as in [[andare a letto]]. 31. [[darsi]]: imp2s is wrong; it generates [[datti|dàtti]] and also [[dàtti]] (which is wrong) (DONE) 32. [[liquefare]]: forms like liquefà missing the indication of following syntactic gemination; it should be automatic in multisyllabic words. 33. [[ridare]] has ridò with a syntactic gemination footnote, but liquefà doesn't have it (see #32). It should be a tooltip. 34. Add 'addnote[SLOT_SPEC]' to make [[tangere]] with disused 1s/2s/1p/2p easier to handle. (DONE) 35. Throw an error if comma seen in single form specs like 'imp:'. (DONE) 36. Overrides like phis:+[rare] of [[affarsi]] using built-in @ (from [[fare]]) don't properly pick up the irregular built-in forms. (DONE) 37. Overrides like phis:afféci[rare] of [[affarsi]] using built-in @ (from [[fare]]) get the prefix duplicated. (DONE) 38. Support negated addnote like 'addnote[-pres3s][rare]'. (DONE) 39. Support comma-separated addnote spec for the equivalent of alternation. (DONE) 40. Issue an error if addnote spec has no effect. (DONE) 41. Support verbs in -gliela like [[fargliela]]. (DONE) 42. Support /\ notation for optional root-stressed infinitive with ending first, for [[suadere]] and derivatives. (DONE) 43. Support verbs in -gli like [[mancargli qualche rotella]]. (DONE) 44. Correctly incorporate links in multiword expressions from [[Module:it-headword]] so the autolinking algorithm there works (e.g. for [[portare il cervello all'ammasso]]) and head=~... specs are correctly propagated. (DONE) 45. Support head= with the verb as part of a larger bracketed expression, e.g. for [[stare a vedere]], {{it-verb|e/@|head=[[stare a]] [[vedere]]}}. (DONE) 46. Expand addnote[] notation to support references (maybe needs no work)? 47. Support verbs in -glire ([[boglire]], [[inorgoglire]], [[saglire]], etc.) correctly. (DONE) --]=] local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("it") local m_string_utilities = require("Module:string utilities") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_table = require("Module:table") local iut = require("Module:inflection utilities") local put = require("Module:parse utilities") local com_module = "Module:it-common" local m_builtin local force_cat = false -- set to true for debugging local check_for_red_links = false -- set to false for debugging local u = require("Module:string/char") local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rsplit = mw.text.split local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local usub = mw.ustring.sub local ulen = mw.ustring.len local unfd = mw.ustring.toNFD local unfc = mw.ustring.toNFC local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end local GR = u(0x0300) local V = "[aeiou]" local NV = "[^aeiou]" local AV = "[àèéìòóù]" local MAV = "[aeiouàèéìòóù]" -- maybe-accented vowel local NMAV = "[^aeiouàèéìòóù]" -- not maybe-accented vowel local PRESERVE_ACCENT = u(0xFFF0) local full_person_number_list = {"1s", "2s", "3s", "1p", "2p", "3p"} local imp_person_number_list = {"2s", "3s", "1p", "2p", "3p"} -- Used only in error messages concerning the principal part for a given row, to generate the English description -- (by concatenating the following person/number description to the overall description for the row, taken from -- the `.desc` element of the rowspec). local principal_part_person_number_desc = { ["1s"] = "first-singular ", ["12s"] = "first/second-singular ", ["123s"] = "first/second/third-singular ", ["2s"] = "second-singular ", [""] = "", } local all_verb_slots = { {"aux", "-"}, } -- Used to create the accelerator entries in all_verb_slots. local person_number_tag_prefix = { ["1s"] = "1|s|", ["2s"] = "2|s|", ["3s"] = "3|s|", ["1p"] = "1|p|", ["2p"] = "2|p|", ["3p"] = "3|p|", [""] = "", -- used for non-finite forms such as the past participle } substitutable_reflexive_pronoun = { ["si"] = { ["1s"] = "[[mi]]", ["2s"] = "[[ti]]", ["3s"] = "[[si]]", ["1p"] = "[[ci]]", ["2p"] = "[[vi]]", ["3p"] = "[[si]]", ["nf"] = "[[si]]", }, ["se"] = { ["1s"] = "[[me]]", ["2s"] = "[[te]]", ["3s"] = "[[se]]", ["1p"] = "[[ce]]", ["2p"] = "[[ve]]", ["3p"] = "[[se]]", ["nf"] = "[[se]]", }, ["si_no_ci"] = { ["1s"] = "[[mi]]", ["2s"] = "[[ti]]", ["3s"] = "[[si]]", ["1p"] = "", ["2p"] = "[[vi]]", ["3p"] = "[[si]]", ["nf"] = "[[si]]", }, ["si_no_vi"] = { ["1s"] = "[[mi]]", ["2s"] = "[[ti]]", ["3s"] = "[[si]]", ["1p"] = "[[ci]]", ["2p"] = "", ["3p"] = "[[si]]", ["nf"] = "[[si]]", }, ["space_no_ci"] = { ["1s"] = " ", ["2s"] = " ", ["3s"] = " ", ["1p"] = "", ["2p"] = " ", ["3p"] = " ", ["nf"] = " ", }, ["space_no_vi"] = { ["1s"] = " ", ["2s"] = " ", ["3s"] = " ", ["1p"] = " ", ["2p"] = "", ["3p"] = " ", ["nf"] = " ", }, } -- FIXME, the following broken and not yet used local reflexive_forms = { ["si"] = {"mi", "ti", "si", "ci", "vi", "si"}, ["suo"] = {"mìo", "tùo", "sùo", "nòstro", "vòstro", "sùo"}, ["sua"] = {"mìa", "tùa", "sùa", "nòstra", "vòstra", "sùa"}, ["suoi"] = {"mièi", "tuòi", "suòi", "nòstri", "vòstri", "suòi"}, ["sue"] = {"mìe", "tùe", "sùe", "nòstre", "vòstre", "sùe"}, } local function remove_accents(form) return rsub(form, AV, function(v) return usub(unfd(v), 1, 1) end) end -- Map a function over `forms` (a list of form objects of the form {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}) and modify the -- form objects in `forms` in-place. If `include_footnotes` is given, the function is called with two arguments -- (the existing form and footnotes) and should return two arguments, the new form and footnotes; otherwise, the -- function is called with one argument (the existing form) and should return the new form. -- -- WARNING: This is dangerous and should only be done near the end. local function map_side_effecting_forms(forms, fun, include_footnotes) for _, form in ipairs(forms) do if form.form ~= "?" then if include_footnotes then local new_form, new_footnotes = fun(form.form, form.footnotes) form.form = new_form form.footnotes = new_footnotes else local new_form = fun(form.form) form.form = new_form end end end end -- Add links around words. If multiword_only, do it only in multiword forms. local function add_links(form, multiword_only) if form == "" or form == " " then return form end if not form:find("%[%[") then if rfind(form, "[%s%p]") then --optimization to avoid loading [[Module:headword]] on single-word forms local m_headword = require("Module:headword") if m_headword.head_is_multiword(form) then form = m_headword.add_multiword_links(form) end end if not multiword_only and not form:find("%[%[") then form = "[[" .. form .. "]]" end end return form end -- Add suffix to form, removing the PRESERVE_ACCENT notation if present (as for [[datti]] of [[dare]]). local function add_suffix_to_form(form, suffix) if suffix ~= "" then return rsub(form, PRESERVE_ACCENT, "") .. suffix else return form end end local function convert_accented_links_in_text(text) local need_preserve_accent_note = false local retval = rsub(text, "%[%[([^%[%]|]+)%]%]", function(linktext) if rfind(linktext, PRESERVE_ACCENT) then linktext = rsub(linktext, PRESERVE_ACCENT, "") need_preserve_accent_note = true elseif rfind(linktext, "^.*" .. MAV .. ".*" .. AV .. "$") then -- Final accented vowel with preceding vowel; keep accent. else local unaccented = remove_accents(linktext) if unaccented == linktext then -- keep linktext else linktext = unaccented .. "|" .. linktext end end return "[[" .. linktext .. "]]" end) return retval, need_preserve_accent_note end -- Convert links around accented words to two-part links without extra accents. Remove PRESERVE_ACCENT characters, -- and if necessary, insert a footnote indicating that a written accent on a monosyllabic verb is preserved. local function convert_accented_links(alternant_multiword_spec) for slot, forms in pairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms) do -- Side-effect the forms to save memory. map_side_effecting_forms(forms, function(form, footnotes) local new_form, need_preserve_accent_note = convert_accented_links_in_text(form) if need_preserve_accent_note then footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(footnotes, {"[with written accent]"}) end return new_form, footnotes end, "include footnotes") end end local function strip_spaces(text) return rsub(text, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") end -- Like put.split_alternating_runs() but strips spaces from both ends of the odd-numbered elements (only in -- odd-numbered runs if preserve_splitchar is given). Effectively we leave alone the footnotes and splitchars -- themselves, but otherwise strip extraneous spaces. Spaces in the middle of an element are also left alone. local function split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segment_runs, splitchar, preserve_splitchar) local split_runs = put.split_alternating_runs(segment_runs, splitchar, preserve_splitchar) for i, run in ipairs(split_runs) do if not preserve_splitchar or i % 2 == 1 then for j, element in ipairs(run) do if j % 2 == 1 then run[j] = strip_spaces(element) end end end end return split_runs end local function check_not_null(base, form, spec, principal_part_desc) if not form then error(("Spec '%s' cannot be used because default %s cannot be derived from '%s'"):format( spec, principal_part_desc, base.lemma)) end end -- Indicate whether to skip `slot` when conjugating. If `checking_defective` is given, we are checking for defective -- rows and only want certain user-specified indicators respected. local function skip_slot(base, slot, checking_defective) if not checking_defective then if base.props.nofinite and slot:find("[123]") then -- Skip all finite (1/2/3-person) slots. return true end if base.props.presonly and slot:find("[123]") and not slot:find("^pres") then -- Skip all finite (1/2/3-person) slots except the present indicative. return true end if base.props.no_root_stressed and (slot:find("[123]s") or slot:find("3p")) and ( slot:find("^pres") or slot:find("^sub") or slot:find("^imp[123]") or slot:find("^negimp") ) then -- Skip all 1s/2s/3s/3p slots in the present indicative and subjunctive and the imperative. -- Beware of impsub slots. return true end end if base.props.impers or base.props.thirdonly then -- Impersonal or third-person-only verb. if slot:find("[12]") and not slot:find("3") then -- Skip slots for 1/2 person that don't also reference 3rd person (hence we don't skip sub123s). return true end if slot:find("^imp[123]") or slot:find("^negimp") then -- Skip all imperative slots, including third-person ones. Beware of impsub slots. return true end end if base.props.impers and slot:find("3p") then -- Skip third plural slots for impersonal verbs. return true end return false end local function erase_suppressed_slots(base) for _, slot_spec in ipairs(all_verb_slots) do local slot, accel = unpack(slot_spec) if skip_slot(base, slot) then base.forms[slot] = nil end end end local function substitute_reflexive_pronoun(text, persnum) return rsub(text, "<(.-)>", function(refl) return substitutable_reflexive_pronoun[refl][persnum] end) end local function escape_reflexive_indicators(arg1) -- FIXME, broken and not yet used if not arg1:find("pron>") then return arg1 end local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg1, "<", ">") -- Loop over every other segment. The even-numbered segments are angle-bracket specs while -- the odd-numbered segments are the text between them. for i = 2, #segments - 1, 2 do if segments[i] == "<pron>" then segments[i] = "⦃⦃pron⦄⦄" end end return table.concat(segments) end local function undo_escape_form(form) -- FIXME, broken and not yet used return rsub(rsub(form, "⦃⦃", "<"), "⦄⦄", ">") end local function remove_reflexive_indicators(form) -- FIXME, broken and not yet used return rsub(form, "⦃⦃.-⦄⦄", "") end local function replace_reflexive_indicators(slot, form) -- FIXME, broken and not yet used if not form:find("⦃") then return form end error("Internal error: replace_reflexive_indicators not implemented yet") end -- Add the `stem` to the `ending` for the given `slot` and apply any phonetic modifications. local function combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) -- Add h after c/g in -are forms to preserve the sound. if base.conj_vowel == "à" and stem:find("[cg]$") and rfind(ending, "^[eèéiì]") then stem = stem .. "h" end -- Handle [[boglire]], [[inorgoglire]], [[saglire]], etc. if base.conj_vowel == "ì" and stem:find("gl$") and not rfind(ending, "^[iì]") then stem = stem .. "i" end -- Two unstressed i's coming together compress to one. if ending:find("^i") then stem = rsub(stem, "i$", "") end -- Remove accents from stem if ending is accented. if rfind(ending, AV) then stem = remove_accents(stem) end return stem .. ending end local function add_forms(base, slot, stems, endings, allow_overrides) local function do_combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) return combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end iut.add_forms(base.forms, slot, stems, endings, do_combine_stem_ending) end local function insert_forms(base, slot, forms) iut.insert_forms(base.forms, slot, forms) end local function copy_forms(base, slot, forms) -- When copying forms, clone the form objects because in various later places, we side-effect existing form objects -- and don't want any shared objects. insert_forms(base, slot, mw.clone(forms)) end local function general_list_form_contains_form(list, form, process_form) if not list then -- general_list_form_contains_form() is used to determine whether the defaults in `list` contain a given form; if not, that -- row is irregular. If there are no defaults, any form is irregular. return false end for _, formobj in ipairs(list) do local formobj_form = formobj.form if process_form then formobj_form = process_form(formobj_form) end if formobj_form == form then return true end end return false end -- Parse a raw form that may be decorated with !, # or similar before it and * or ! after it. Return three values: -- the prespec, bare form and postspec. local function parse_decorated_form(form) return rmatch(form, "^([!#]*)(.-)([*!]*)$") end -- Process the user-given specs in `specs` in order to generate verb forms, and insert the resulting forms into -- `destforms`[`slot`]. If the destination slot has no forms yet (i.e. it is nil), it will be first set to {}. -- Duplicate forms will not be inserted. -- -- `specs` is a list of objects of the form {form = SPEC, footnotes = FOOTNOTES}, where FOOTNOTES is a list of -- user-specified footnotes/qualifiers (given after the spec using brackets) or nil if no footnotes. `specs` can be -- nil, which is equivalent to specifying "+" to request the default. A given SPEC may be "-" to indicate that the -- corresponding forms are missing, or be decorated with preceding decorators like !! (= "elevated style"), -- ! (= "careful style") or # (= "traditional"), or with following decorators like ! (= preserve monosyllabic accent), -- * (= verb form triggers syntactic gemination of following consonant), ** (= verb form triggers optional syntactic -- gemination). -- -- Processing is done by calling `generate_forms` on each spec after stripping decorators. If spec is "+", that will be -- passed directly to `generate_forms`, but if spec is "-", `generate_forms` will not be called. The return value of -- `generate_forms` can be anything that is convertible to a list of {form = SPEC, footnotes = FOOTNOTES} objects using -- iut.convert_to_general_list_form(). In other words, it can be a single string (a form), a single object of the form -- {form = FORM, footnotes = FOOTNOTES, ...}, or a list of either of these. local function process_specs(base, destforms, slot, specs, generate_forms) specs = specs or {{form = "+"}} for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local decorated_form = spec.form -- Skip "-"; effectively, no forms get inserted into destforms[slot]. if decorated_form ~= "-" then local prespec, form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(decorated_form) local forms = form == "?" and "?" or generate_forms(form) -- If `generate_forms` return nil, no forms get inserted into destforms[slot]. This happens e.g. when -- fut:- is given and no explicit conditional principal part is given. In that case, -- generate_default_conditional_principal_part() fetches the future principal parts, which don't exist, -- so it returns nil, and the surrounding generate_principal_part_forms() also returns nil. The effect is -- that the conditional principal part ends up nil and no conditional parts get inserted. if forms then forms = iut.convert_to_general_list_form(forms, spec.footnotes) if base.all_footnotes then forms = iut.convert_to_general_list_form(forms, base.all_footnotes) end for _, formobj in ipairs(forms) do local qualifiers = formobj.footnotes local form = formobj.form if prespec:find("!!") then qualifiers = iut.combine_footnotes({"[elevated style]"}, qualifiers) prespec = rsub(prespec, "!!", "") end if prespec:find("!") then qualifiers = iut.combine_footnotes({"[careful style]"}, qualifiers) prespec = rsub(prespec, "!", "") end if prespec:find("#") then qualifiers = iut.combine_footnotes({"[traditional]"}, qualifiers) prespec = rsub(prespec, "#", "") end if postspec:find("!") then form = PRESERVE_ACCENT .. form postspec = rsub(postspec, "!", "") end if postspec == "*" then qualifiers = iut.combine_footnotes(qualifiers, {"[with syntactic gemination after the verb]"}) elseif postspec == "**" then qualifiers = iut.combine_footnotes(qualifiers, {"[with optional syntactic gemination after the verb]"}) elseif postspec ~= "" then error("Decorated form '" .. decorated_form .. "' has too many asterisks after it, use '*' for syntactic gemination and '**' for optional syntactic gemination") end iut.insert_form(destforms, slot, {form = form, footnotes = qualifiers}) end end end end end local function set_up_base_verb(base) local ret = base.verb local raw_verb = ret.raw_verb if rfind(raw_verb, "r$") then if rfind(raw_verb, "[ou]r$") or base.props.rre then ret.verb = raw_verb .. "re" else ret.verb = raw_verb .. "e" end else ret.verb = raw_verb end end local function add_default_verb_forms(base) local ret = base.verb -- Need to call combine_stem_ending() to combine stem and ending rather than just pasting them together to handle -- cases like [[boglire]], where 'bógl' + 'o' becomes 'bóglio'. local function comb(slot, stem, ending) return combine_stem_ending(base, slot, stem, ending) end -- Process 'phisstem:...' spec. if base.principal_part_specs.explicit_phis_stem_spec then -- Put the explicit past historic stem in ret.phisstem (i.e. base.verb.phisstem). process_specs(base, ret, "phisstem", base.principal_part_specs.explicit_phis_stem_spec, iut.identity) end ret.default_stem, ret.default_ending_vowel = rmatch(base.verb.verb, "^(.-)([aeir])re$") if not ret.default_stem then error("Unrecognized verb '" .. base.verb.verb .. "', doesn't end in -are, -ere, -ire or -rre") end base.props.syncopated = base.props.rre or ret.default_ending_vowel == "r" -- Process 'stem:...' spec. local ending_vowel if base.principal_part_specs.explicit_stem_spec then local function generate_explicit_stem_forms(form) local stem, this_ending_vowel if form == "+" then stem = ret.default_stem this_ending_vowel = ret.default_ending_vowel if base.props.syncopated then error("Can't use + with 'stem:' in syncopated verbs; specify an explicit stem") end else base.explicit_non_default_stem_spec = true stem, this_ending_vowel = rmatch(form, "^(.*)([aeiàéì])$") if not stem then error("Unrecognized stem '" .. form .. "', should end in -a, -e, -i, -à, -é or -ì") end end if ending_vowel and ending_vowel ~= this_ending_vowel then error("Can't currently specify explicit stems with two different conjugation vowels (" .. ending_vowel .. " and " .. this_ending_vowel .. ")") end ending_vowel = this_ending_vowel return stem end -- Put the explicit stem in ret.stem (i.e. base.verb.stem). process_specs(base, ret, "stem", base.principal_part_specs.explicit_stem_spec, generate_explicit_stem_forms) else if base.props.syncopated then error("With syncopated verb '" .. ret.verb .. "', must use 'stem:' to specify an explicit stem") end -- Convert to general list form so we can call iut.map_forms() over it. ret.stem = iut.convert_to_general_list_form(ret.default_stem) ending_vowel = ret.default_ending_vowel end base.conj_vowel = ending_vowel == "a" and "à" or ending_vowel == "e" and "é" or ending_vowel == "i" and "ì" or ending_vowel -- Process 'unstressed_stem:...' spec. if base.principal_part_specs.explicit_unstressed_stem_spec then local function generate_explicit_stem_forms(form) local stem if form == "+" then stem = ret.default_stem if base.props.syncopated then error("Can't use + with 'unstressed_stem:' in syncopated verbs; specify an explicit stem") end else base.explicit_non_default_unstressed_stem_spec = true stem = rmatch(form, "^(.*)" .. ret.default_ending_vowel .. "$") if not stem then error("Stem vowel of stem '" .. form .."' specified with 'unstressed_stem:' must end in conjugation vowel -" .. default_ending_vowel) end end return stem end -- Put the explicit stem in ret.unstressed_stem (i.e. base.verb.unstressed_stem). process_specs(base, ret, "unstressed_stem", base.principal_part_specs.explicit_unstressed_stem_spec, generate_explicit_stem_forms) else ret.unstressed_stem = iut.map_forms(ret.stem, function(stem) return remove_accents(stem) end) end ret.pres = iut.map_forms(ret.stem, function(stem) return comb("pres1s", stem, "o") end) ret.pres3s = iut.map_forms(ret.stem, function(stem) return comb("pres3s", stem, ending_vowel == "a" and "a" or "e") end) if ending_vowel == "i" then ret.isc_pres = iut.map_forms(ret.unstressed_stem, function(stem) return comb("pres1s", stem, "ìsco") end) ret.isc_pres3s = iut.map_forms(ret.unstressed_stem, function(stem) return comb("pres3s", stem, "ìsce") end) end ret.phis = iut.flatmap_forms(ret.unstressed_stem, function(stem) if ending_vowel == "a" then return {comb("phis1s", stem, "ài")} elseif ending_vowel == "e" then -- Per Anna M. Thornton, "Overabundance: Multiple Forms Realizing the Same Cell" in ''Morphological Autonomy'', p. 366 -- [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Morphological_Autonomy/oh3UlV6xSQEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22fottette%22&pg=PA366&printsec=frontcover], -- -éi tends to occur only with stems ending in -t, while -étti/-ètti occurs with stems not ending in -t. -- The opposite combinations are almost vanishingly rare, and should not be included. -- -- In reality, it's a bit more complicated. Verbs in -tere rarely have -etti/-ette, which sounds wrong to native -- speakers, except for verbs in -sistere, where the -ette forms are more common. For other verbs, both -ette and -- -é occur but -ette is more common. if stem:find("t$") and not stem:find("sist$") then return {comb("phis1s", stem, "éi")} else return {comb("phis1s", stem, "étti"), comb("phis1s", stem, "éi")} end else return {comb("phis1s", stem, "ìi")} end end) ret.pp = iut.map_forms(ret.unstressed_stem, function(stem) if ending_vowel == "a" then return comb("pp", stem, "àto") elseif ending_vowel == "e" then return comb("pp", stem, rfind(stem, "[cg]$") and "iùto" or "ùto") else return comb("pp", stem, "ìto") end end) end local function is_single_vowel_spec(spec) return rfind(spec, "^" .. AV .. "[+-]?$") or rfind(spec, "^" .. AV .. "%-%-$") or rfind(spec, "^" .. AV .. "%+%+$") end -- Given an unaccented stem, pull out the last two vowels as well as the in-between stuff, and return -- before, v1, between, v2, after as 5 return values. `unaccented` is the full verb and `unaccented_desc` -- a description of where the verb came from; used only in error messages. local function analyze_stem_for_last_two_vowels(unaccented_stem, unaccented, unaccented_desc) local before, v1, between, v2, after = rmatch(unaccented_stem, "^(.*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)$") if not before then before, v1 = "", "" between, v2, after = rmatch(unaccented_stem, "^(.*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)$") end if not between then error("No vowel in " .. unaccented_desc .. " '" .. unaccented .. "' to match") end return before, v1, between, v2, after end -- Apply a single-vowel spec in `form`, e.g. é+, to `unaccented_stem`. `unaccented` is the full verb and -- `unaccented_desc` a description of where the verb came from; used only in error messages. local function apply_vowel_spec(unaccented_stem, unaccented, unaccented_desc, vowel_spec) local function vowel_spec_doesnt_match() error("Vowel spec '" .. vowel_spec .. "' doesn't match vowel of " .. unaccented_desc .. " '" .. unaccented .. "'") end local raw_spec_vowel = usub(unfd(vowel_spec), 1, 1) local form local spec_vowel = rmatch(vowel_spec, "^(.)%-%-$") if spec_vowel then -- a spec like ò-- local before, v1, between1, v2, between2, v3, after = rmatch(unaccented_stem, "^(.*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. "*)$") if not before then error(mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(unaccented_desc) .. " '" .. unaccented .. "' must have at least three vowels to use the vowel spec '" .. vowel_spec .. "'") end if raw_spec_vowel ~= v1 then vowel_spec_doesnt_match() end form = before .. spec_vowel .. between1 .. v2 .. between2 .. v3 .. after else local before, v1, between, v2, after = analyze_stem_for_last_two_vowels(unaccented_stem, unaccented, unaccented_desc) if v1 == v2 then local first_second spec_vowel, first_second = rmatch(vowel_spec, "^(.)([+-]+)$") -- include ++ if not spec_vowel then error("Last two stem vowels of " .. unaccented_desc .. " '" .. unaccented .. "' are the same; you must specify + (second vowel) or - (first vowel) after the vowel spec '" .. vowel_spec .. "'") end if raw_spec_vowel ~= v1 then vowel_spec_doesnt_match() end if first_second == "-" then form = before .. spec_vowel .. between .. v2 .. after else form = before .. v1 .. between .. spec_vowel .. after end else if rfind(vowel_spec, "%+%+$") then vowel_spec = rsub(vowel_spec, "%+%+$", "") elseif rfind(vowel_spec, "[+-]$") then error("Last two stem vowels of " .. unaccented_desc .. " '" .. unaccented .. "' are different; specify just an accented vowel, without a following + or -: '" .. vowel_spec .. "'") end if raw_spec_vowel == v1 then form = before .. vowel_spec .. between .. v2 .. after elseif raw_spec_vowel == v2 then form = before .. v1 .. between .. vowel_spec .. after elseif before == "" then vowel_spec_doesnt_match() else error("Vowel spec '" .. vowel_spec .. "' doesn't match either of the last two vowels of " .. unaccented_desc .. " '" .. unaccented .. "'") end end end return form end local function add_finite_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) for _, persnum in ipairs(full_person_number_list) do base.forms[rowslot .. persnum] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot .. persnum], function(form) return substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.finite_pref, persnum) .. "[[" .. form .. "]]" end) end end local function do_ending_stressed_inf(base) if rfind(base.verb.verb, "rre$") then error("Use a backslash (\\) with -rre verbs") end -- Add acute accent to -ere, grave accent to -are/-ire. local accented = rsub(base.verb.verb, "ere$", "ére") accented = unfc(rsub(accented, "([ai])re$", "%1" .. GR .. "re")) iut.insert_form(base.forms, "inf", {form = accented}) end local function do_root_stressed_inf(base, specs) local function generate_root_stressed_inf_forms(base, spec, form_to_do, from_defaulted_pres) if spec == "-" then error("Spec '-' not allowed as root-stressed infinitive spec") end if spec == "+" then if from_defaulted_pres then error("Can't use + for present tense with root-stressed infinitive, would trigger infinite loop") end local rre_vowel = rmatch(base.verb.verb, "([aiu])rre$") if rre_vowel then -- do_root_stressed_inf is used for verbs in -ere and -rre. If the root-stressed vowel isn't explicitly -- given and the verb ends in -arre, -irre or -urre, derive it from the infinitive since there's only -- one possibility. If the verb ends in -erre or -orre, this won't work because we have both scérre -- (= [[scegliere]]) and disvèrre (= [[disvellere]]), as well as pórre and tòrre (= [[togliere]]). local before, v1, between, v2, after = analyze_stem_for_last_two_vowels( rsub(base.verb.verb, "re$", ""), base.verb.verb, "root-stressed infinitive") local vowel_spec = unfc(rre_vowel .. GR) if v1 == v2 then vowel_spec = vowel_spec .. "+" end spec = vowel_spec else -- Use the single-vowel spec(s) in the present tense principal part. local temp = {} process_specs(base, temp, "temp", base.principal_part_specs.pres, function(form) return generate_root_stressed_inf_forms(base, form, form_to_do, "from defaulted pres") end) if not temp.temp then error("Unable to generate infinitive from present tense") end return temp.temp end end local verb_stem, verb_suffix = rmatch(base.verb.verb, "^(.-)([er]re)$") if not verb_stem then error("Verb '" .. base.verb.verb .. "' must end in -ere or -rre to use backslash (\\) notation") end if not is_single_vowel_spec(spec) then if from_defaulted_pres then error("When defaulting root-stressed infinitive vowel to present, present spec must be a single-vowel spec, but saw '" .. spec .. "'") else error("Explicit root-stressed infinitive spec '" .. spec .. "' should be a single-vowel spec") end end local expanded = apply_vowel_spec(verb_stem, base.verb.verb, "root-stressed infinitive", spec) if form_to_do == "stem" then return expanded else return expanded .. verb_suffix end end process_specs(base, base.principal_part_forms, "root_stressed_stem", specs, function(form) return generate_root_stressed_inf_forms(base, form, "stem") end) process_specs(base, base.forms, "inf", specs, function(form) return generate_root_stressed_inf_forms(base, form, "inf") end) end local function add_infinitive(base, rowslot) -- When do_root_stressed_inf is called, this also sets base.principal_part_forms.root_stressed_stem, which is needed -- by add_present_indic(), so we have to do this before conjugating the present indicative. local function root() do_root_stressed_inf(base, base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf) end local function ending() do_ending_stressed_inf(base) end if not base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf then ending() elseif base.props.opt_root_stressed_inf == "root-first" then root() ending() elseif base.props.opt_root_stressed_inf == "ending-first" then ending() root() else root() end end local function add_infinitive_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) base.forms[rowslot] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot], function(form) local unaccented_form = remove_accents(form) form = rsub(form, "r?re$", "r") return "[[" .. unaccented_form .. "|" .. form .. "]]" .. substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.linked_suf, "nf") end) end local function generate_pres_forms(base, form) local principal_part_desc = "first-singular present indicative" if form == "+" then check_not_null(base, base.verb.pres, form, principal_part_desc) return base.verb.pres elseif form == "+isc" then check_not_null(base, base.verb.isc_pres, form, principal_part_desc) return base.verb.isc_pres elseif is_single_vowel_spec(form) then check_not_null(base, base.verb.pres, form, principal_part_desc) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.pres, function(defform) defform = remove_accents(defform) -- in case we specified 'stem:...' with an accent local pres = rmatch(defform, "^(.*)o$") if not pres then error("Internal error: Default present '" .. defform .. "' doesn't end in -o") end return apply_vowel_spec(pres, defform, "default present", form) .. "o" end) elseif not rfind(form, "[oò]$") then error("Present first-person singular form '" .. form .. "' should end in -o") else local unaccented_form = remove_accents(form) if not general_list_form_contains_form(base.verb.pres, unaccented_form, remove_accents) and (base.verb.isc_pres and not general_list_form_contains_form(base.verb.isc_pres, unaccented_form, remove_accents)) then base.rowprops.irreg.pres = true -- FIXME! Here we are encoding knowledge of the algorithm in add_present_indic() to determine how to -- propagate irregular present 1s to other forms. This duplicates the logic of that algorithm, and if that -- code ever changes, this code needs to change too. In practice, it doesn't currently matter so much -- because the values in `is_irreg` are currently used only by the code in [[Module:it-headword]] to -- determine whether to show irregular principal parts, and the present tense is always shown in any case. -- But in the future, the values in `is_irreg` could be used for other purposes. base.is_irreg.pres1s = true base.is_irreg.pres3p = true if not base.principal_part_forms.pres3s and not base.explicit_non_default_stem_spec and not base.principal_part_forms.root_stressed_stem then base.is_irreg.pres2s = true base.is_irreg.pres3s = true end end return form end end local function generate_pres3s_forms(base, form) local principal_part_desc = "third-singular present indicative" if form == "+" then check_not_null(base, base.verb.pres3s, form, principal_part_desc) return base.verb.pres3s elseif form == "+isc" then check_not_null(base, base.verb.isc_pres3s, form, principal_part_desc) return base.verb.isc_pres3s elseif is_single_vowel_spec(form) then check_not_null(base, base.verb.pres3s, form, principal_part_desc) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.pres3s, function(defform) defform = remove_accents(defform) -- in case we specified 'stem:...' with an accent local pres3s, final_vowel = rmatch(defform, "^(.*)([ae])$") if not pres3s then error("Internal error: Default third-person singular present '" .. defform .. "' doesn't end in -a or -e") end return apply_vowel_spec(pres3s, defform, "default third-person singular present", form) .. final_vowel end) elseif not rfind(form, "[aàeè]") then error("Present third-person singular form '" .. form .. "' should end in -a or -e") else local unaccented_form = remove_accents(form) if not general_list_form_contains_form(base.verb.pres3s, unaccented_form, remove_accents) and (base.verb.isc_pres3s and not general_list_form_contains_form(base.verb.isc_pres3s, unaccented_form, remove_accents)) then base.rowprops.irreg.pres = true base.is_irreg.pres3s = true -- pres3s is copied to pres2s. base.is_irreg.pres2s = true end return form end end -- Generate the present indicative. See "RULES FOR CONJUGATION" near the top of the file for the detailed rules. local function add_present_indic(base, rowslot) process_specs(base, base.principal_part_forms, "pres", base.principal_part_specs.pres, function(form) return generate_pres_forms(base, form) end) if base.principal_part_specs.pres3s then process_specs(base, base.principal_part_forms, "pres3s", base.principal_part_specs.pres3s, function(form) return generate_pres3s_forms(base, form) end) end -- If no present indicative principal parts (user specified 'pres:-'), don't generate any present indicative forms. -- Otherwise we will end up generating pres23s and pres12p forms based on the overall verb stem(s). if not base.principal_part_forms.pres and not base.principal_part_forms.pres3s then return end local function add(pers, stems, endings) add_forms(base, rowslot .. pers, stems, endings) end add("1s", base.principal_part_forms.pres, "") local pres1s_stem = iut.map_forms(base.principal_part_forms.pres, function(form) if not form:find("o$") then error("presrow: must be given in order to generate the present indicative because explicit first-person " .. "singular present indicative '" .. form .. "' does not end in -o") end return rsub(form, "o$", "") end) add("3p", pres1s_stem, base.conj_vowel == "à" and "ano" or "ono") local pres23s_stem if base.principal_part_forms.pres3s then pres23s_stem = iut.map_forms(base.principal_part_forms.pres3s, function(form) if not form:find("[ae]$") then error("presrow: must be given in order to generate the present indicative because explicit third-person " .. "singular present indicative '" .. form .. "' does not end in -a or -e") end return rsub(form, "[ae]$", "") end) else pres23s_stem = base.explicit_non_default_stem_spec and base.verb.stem or base.principal_part_forms.root_stressed_stem or pres1s_stem end add("2s", pres23s_stem, "i") add("3s", pres23s_stem, base.conj_vowel == "à" and "a" or "e") add("1p", base.verb.unstressed_stem, "iàmo") add("2p", base.verb.unstressed_stem, base.conj_vowel .. "te") end local function generate_default_present_subj_principal_part(base, do_err) return iut.flatmap_forms(base.forms.pres1s, function(form) if not form:find("o$") then if do_err then error("sub: or subrow: must be given in order to generate the singular present subjunctive " .. "because first-person singular present indicative '" .. form .. "' does not end in -o") else return {} end else -- Need to call combine_stem_ending() here to handle verbs in -care/-gare and -ciare/-giare. return {combine_stem_ending(base, "sub123s", rsub(form, "o$", ""), base.conj_vowel == "à" and "i" or "a")} end end) end -- Generate the present subjunctive. See "RULES FOR CONJUGATION" near the top of the file for the detailed rules. local function add_present_subj(base, rowslot) -- If no present subjunctive principal parts (user specified 'sub:-'), don't generate any present subjunctive forms. -- Otherwise we will end up generating sub12p forms based on the present indicative. if not base.principal_part_forms.sub then return end local function add(pers, stems, endings) add_forms(base, rowslot .. pers, stems, endings) end local function ins(pers, forms) insert_forms(base, rowslot .. pers, forms) end -- Generate the 123s and 3p forms. add("123s", base.principal_part_forms.sub, "") add("3p", base.principal_part_forms.sub, "no") -- Copy present indicative 1p to present subjunctive. copy_forms(base, rowslot .. "1p", base.forms.pres1p) -- Generate present subjunctive 2p from present indicative 1p by replacing -mo with -te. ins("2p", iut.map_forms(base.forms.pres1p, function(form) if not form:find("mo$") then error("subrow: must be given in order to generate the second-person plural present subjunctive " .. "because first-person plural present indicative '" .. form .. "' does not end in -mo") end return rsub(form, "mo$", "te") end)) end local function generate_default_imperative_principal_part(base, do_err) if base.conj_vowel == "à" then -- Copy present indicative 3s to imperative 2s. return base.forms.pres3s else -- Copy present indicative 2s to imperative 2s. return base.forms.pres2s end end -- Generate the imperative. See "RULES FOR CONJUGATION" near the top of the file for the detailed rules. local function add_imperative(base, rowslot) if not base.principal_part_forms.imp then -- If imp:- given, suppress the whole imperative. return end local function copy(pers, forms) copy_forms(base, rowslot .. pers, forms) end -- Copy first imperative form (user specified or taken from present indicative 3s for conj vowel à, or from -- present indicative 2s for other conj vowels) to imperative 2s. copy("2s", base.principal_part_forms.imp) -- Copy present indicative 2p to imperative 2p. copy("2p", base.forms.pres2p) -- Copy present subjunctive 3s, 1p, 3p to imperative. copy("3s", base.forms.sub3s) copy("1p", base.forms.sub1p) copy("3p", base.forms.sub3p) end local function get_unlinked_clitic_suffix(base, persnum) return m_links.remove_links(substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.linked_suf, persnum)) end local function add_imperative_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) local s2suf = get_unlinked_clitic_suffix(base, "2s") local saw_form_with_apostrophe = false -- Check if there is a 2s imperative ending in an apostrophe, e.g. dà', fà'. If so, there is probably also an -- imperative in -ài, but we don't want to generate a reflexive imperative from it (#dàiti). Otherwise, we want to -- generative a reflexive imperative as normal (e.g. ''distràiti'' from [[distrarsi]]). local imp2s_forms = base.forms[rowslot .. "2s"] if imp2s_forms then for _, form in ipairs(imp2s_forms) do if rfind(form.form, "'$") then saw_form_with_apostrophe = true break end end end base.forms[rowslot .. "2s"] = iut.flatmap_forms(imp2s_forms, function(form) form = rsub(form, "'$", "") -- dà', fà', etc. if rfind(form, AV .. "$") then -- final stressed vowel; implement syntactic gemination if rfind(s2suf, "^gli") then return {add_suffix_to_form(form, s2suf)} else return {add_suffix_to_form(form, usub(s2suf, 1, 1) .. s2suf)} end elseif rfind(form, "ài$") and saw_form_with_apostrophe then -- Skip this imperative; see above. return {} else return {add_suffix_to_form(form, s2suf)} end end) -- For the following, we shouldn't need to use add_suffix_to_form(), which handles PRESERVE_ACCENT, because -- PRESERVE_ACCENT occurs only with monosyllabic forms, and the 1p/2p forms are never monosyllabic. for _, persnum in ipairs({"1p", "2p"}) do local suf = get_unlinked_clitic_suffix(base, persnum) base.forms[rowslot .. persnum] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot .. persnum], function(form) return form .. suf end) end for _, persnum in ipairs({"3s", "3p"}) do base.forms[rowslot .. persnum] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot .. persnum], function(form) return substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.finite_pref, persnum) .. "[[" .. form .. "]]" end) end end local function add_negative_imperative(base) if not base.principal_part_forms.imp then -- If imp:- given, suppress the whole imperative. return end for _, persnum in ipairs({"2s", "3s", "1p", "2p", "3p"}) do local from = persnum == "2s" and "inf" or "imp" .. persnum insert_forms(base, "negimp" .. persnum, iut.map_forms(base.forms[from], function(form) return "[[non]] [[" .. form .. "]]" end)) end end local function add_negative_imperative_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) for _, persnum in ipairs({"2s", "1p", "2p"}) do local suf = get_unlinked_clitic_suffix(base, persnum) local pref = substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.finite_pref, persnum) base.forms[rowslot .. persnum] = iut.flatmap_forms(base.forms[rowslot .. persnum], function(form) local truncated = persnum == "2s" and rsub(form, "r?re%]%]$", "r") or rsub(form, "%]%]$", "") local sufform = truncated .. suf .. "]]" local prefform = rsub(form, "^(%[%[non%]%]) (.*)$", "%1 " .. pref .. " %2") return {sufform, prefform} end) end for _, persnum in ipairs({"3s", "3p"}) do local pref = substitute_reflexive_pronoun(base.verb.finite_pref, persnum) base.forms[rowslot .. persnum] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot .. persnum], function(form) return rsub(form, "^(%[%[non%]%]) (.*)$", "%1 " .. pref .. " %2") end) end end local function generate_default_past_historic_principal_part(base, do_err) if do_err then check_not_null(base, base.verb.phis, "+", "first-singular past historic") end return base.verb.phis end local function add_past_historic(base, rowslot) if not base.principal_part_forms.phis then -- specified as "-" return end for _, form in ipairs(base.principal_part_forms.phis) do local function add_phis(pref, s1, s2, s3, p1, p2, p3) local newform = form.footnotes and iut.convert_to_general_list_form(pref, form.footnotes) or pref local function add(pers, endings) add_forms(base, rowslot .. pers, newform, endings) end add("1s", s1) add("2s", s2) add("3s", s3) add("1p", p1) add("2p", p2) add("3p", p3) end while true do if form.form == "?" then add_phis("?", "?", "?", "?", "?", "?", "?") break end local pref = rmatch(form.form, "^(.*)ài$") if pref then add_phis(pref, "ài", "àsti", "ò", "àmmo", "àste", "àrono") break end pref = rmatch(form.form, "^(.*)éi$") if pref then add_phis(pref, "éi", "ésti", "é", "émmo", "éste", "érono") break end pref = rmatch(form.form, "^(.*)[èé]tti$") if pref then add_phis(pref, {{form = "étti"}, {form = "ètti", footnotes = {"[traditional]"}}}, "ésti", {{form = "étte"}, {form = "ètte", footnotes = {"[traditional]"}}}, "émmo", "éste", {{form = "éttero"}, {form = "èttero", footnotes = {"[traditional]"}}}) break end pref = rmatch(form.form, "^(.*)ìi$") if pref then add_phis(pref, "ìi", "ìsti", "ì", "ìmmo", "ìste", "ìrono") break end pref = rmatch(form.form, "^(.*)i$") if pref then add_phis(pref, "i", {}, "e", {}, {}, "ero") if base.verb.phisstem then add_phis(base.verb.phisstem, {}, "sti", {}, "mmo", "ste", {}) else add_phis(base.verb.unstressed_stem, {}, base.conj_vowel .. "sti", {}, base.conj_vowel .. "mmo", base.conj_vowel .. "ste", {}) end break end error("phisrow: must be given in order to generate the past historic because explicit first-person " .. "singular past historic '" .. form.form .. "' does not end in -i") end end end local function generate_default_future_principal_part(base, do_err) -- For -are verbs, we may need to make some adjustments to form the future principal part. local function are_stem_to_future_principal_part(stem) local function comb(ending) return combine_stem_ending(base, "fut1s", stem, ending) end if stem:find("[cg]$") then return {comb("herò")} elseif stem:find("[cg]i$") then if not base.forms.pres1s or base.forms.pres1s[1].form == "?" then -- missing or unknown pres1s; future still can be generated return {rsub(stem, "i$", "erò")} else -- Verbs in -ciare/-giare with the accent on the final -ì in the present singular take future in -- -cier-/-gier- not -cer-/-ger-. Compare [[sciare]] "to ski", pres1s ''scìo'', fut1s ''scierò'' vs. -- [[lasciare]] "to let", pres1s ''làscio'', fut1s ''lascerò''. The only way to make this distinction -- is to check the present singular, e.g. pres1s. return iut.map_forms(base.forms.pres1s, function(form) if rfind(form, "ìo$") then return comb("erò") else return rsub(stem, "i$", "erò") end end) end else return {comb("erò")} end end if base.explicit_non_default_unstressed_stem_spec then -- If user gave 'unstressed_stem:', use it here. if base.conj_vowel == "à" then return iut.flatmap_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, are_stem_to_future_principal_part) else return iut.map_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, function(form) return form .. base.verb.default_ending_vowel .. "rò" end) end elseif base.conj_vowel == "à" then return are_stem_to_future_principal_part(rsub(base.verb.verb, "are$", "")) else return rsub(base.verb.verb, "e$", "ò") end end local function generate_default_conditional_principal_part(base, do_err) -- If fut:- is given, base.principal_part_forms.fut will be nil, and the following will correctly return nil, -- so that there's no conditional. return iut.map_forms(base.principal_part_forms.fut, function(form) local pref = rmatch(form, "^(.*)ò$") if not pref then -- This should have been caught earlier (when processing the future) and generated an error. error(("Internal error: When generating conditional, saw principal part for future '%s' that does not end in -ò") :format(form)) end return combine_stem_ending(base, "cond1s", pref, "èi") end) end local function generate_default_past_participle_principal_part(base, do_err) if do_err then check_not_null(base, base.verb.pp, "+", "first-singular past historic") end return base.verb.pp end local function generate_default_gerund_principal_part(base, do_err) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, function(stem) -- Need to call combine_stem_ending() to handle cases like [[boglire]], where 'bógl' + 'èndo' becomes 'boglièndo'. return combine_stem_ending(base, "ger", stem, (base.conj_vowel == "à" and "àndo" or "èndo")) end) end local function add_gerund_participle_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) base.forms[rowslot] = iut.map_forms(base.forms[rowslot], function(form) return form .. get_unlinked_clitic_suffix(base, "nf") end) end local function generate_default_present_participle_principal_part(base, do_err) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, function(stem) -- Need to call combine_stem_ending() to handle cases like [[boglire]], where 'bógl' + 'ènte' becomes 'bogliènte'. return combine_stem_ending(base, "presp", stem, (base.conj_vowel == "à" and "ànte" or "ènte")) end) end --[=[ Data on how to conjugate individual rows (i.e. tense/aspect combinations, such as present indicative or conditional). The order listed here matters. It determines the order of generating row forms. The order must have 'inf' < 'pres' < 'sub' < 'imp' < 'negimp' because the present indicative uses the root_stressed_stem generated by add_infinitive; the present subjunctive uses generated forms from the present indicative; the imperative uses forms from the present subjunctive and present indicative; and the negative imperative uses forms from the infinitive and the imperative. Similarly we must have 'fut' < 'cond' because the conditional uses the future principal part. The following specs are allowed: -- `desc` must be present and is an all-lowercase English description of the row. It is used in error messages and in generating categories of the form 'Italian verbs with irregular ROW' and 'Italian verbs with missing ROW'. -- `tag_suffix` must be present is a string containing the {{inflection of}} tags that are appended onto the person/number tags to form the accelerator spec. For example, the spec "pres|sub" means that the accelerator spec for the third singular present subjunctive will be "3|s|pres|sub". This accelerator spec is passed to [[Module:inflection utilities]], which in turn passes it to [[Module:links]] when generating the link(s) for the corresponding verb form(s). The spec ultimately gets processed by [[Module:accel]] to generate the definition line for nonexistent verb forms. (FIXME: Accelerator support is currently disabled for forms with non-final accents. We need to change the code in [[Module:inflection utilities]] so it sets the correct target not containing the non-final accent.) -- `persnums` must be present and specifies the possible person/number suffixes to add onto the row-level slot (e.g. "phis" for the past historic) to form the individual person/number-specific slot (e.g. "phis2s" for the second-person singular past historic). -- `row_override_persnums`, if present, specifies the person/number suffixes that are specified by a row override. If omitted, `persnums` is used. -- `row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums`, if present, specifies a mapping from the person/number suffixes specified by a row override to the person/number/suffixes used for conjugating the row. This is used, for example, with the subjunctive and imperfect subjunctive, where the first element of the row override specifies (respectively) the 123s and 12s forms, which need to be copied (respectively) to the 1s/2s/3s and 1s/3s forms. If omitted, no such copying happens. It's still possible for the row override persnums to disagree with the overall persnums. This happens, for example, with the imperative, where the 'improw:' row override spec specifies only the 2s and 2p forms; the remaining forms (3s, 1p, 3p) are generated during conjugation by copying from other forms, and can't be overridden using a row override. (They can still be overridden using a single override such as 'imp3s:...' or a late single override such as 'imp3s!:...'. -- `generate_default_principal_part`, if present, should be a function of two arguments, `base` and `do_err`, and should return the principal part(s) for the row. The return value can be anything that is convertible to the "general list form" of a slot's forms, i.e. it can return a string, an object {form = FORM, footnotes = {FOOTNOTE, FOOTNOTE, ...}}, or a list of either. It must be present if `conjugate` is a table, but may be missing if `conjugate` is a function, in which case the function needs to generate the principal part itself or otherwise handle things differently. For example, the present indicative does not specify a value for `generate_default_principal_part` because there are actually two principal parts for the present tense (first and third singular), which are processed at the beginning of the present indicative `conjugate` function. Similarly, the infinitive does not specify a value for `generate_default_principal_part` because there is no principal part to speak of; the infinitive is generated directly from the lemma in combination with the slash or backslash that follows the auxiliary and (in the case of a root-stressed infinitive) the single-vowel spec following the backslash. If `do_err` is given to this function, the function may throw an error if it can't generate the principal part; otherwise it should return nil. -- `conjugate` is either a function to conjugate the row (of two arguments, `base` and `rowslot`), or a table containing the endings to add onto the principal part to conjugate the row. In the latter case, there should be the same number of elements in the table as there are elements in `row_override_persnums` (if given) or `persnums` (otherwise). -- `no_explicit_principal_part` (DOCUMENT ME) -- `no_row_overrides` (DOCUMENT ME) -- `no_single_overrides` (DOCUMENT ME) -- `add_reflexive_clitics` (DOCUMENT ME) -- `dont_check_defective_status` (DOCUMENT ME) ]=] local row_conjugations = { {"inf", { desc = "infinitive", tag_suffix = "inf", persnums = {""}, -- No generate_default_principal_part; handled specially in add_infinitive. conjugate = add_infinitive, no_explicit_principal_part = true, -- because handled specially using / or \ notation no_row_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use / or \ notation no_single_overrides = true, --useless because there's only one form; use / or \ notation add_reflexive_clitics = add_infinitive_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"pres", { desc = "present indicative", tag_suffix = "pres|ind", persnums = full_person_number_list, -- No generate_default_principal_part; handled specially in add_present_indic because we actually have -- two principal parts for the present indicative ("pres" and "pres3s"). conjugate = add_present_indic, -- No setting for no_explicit_principal_part here because it would never be checked; we special-case 'pres:' -- overrides before checking no_explicit_principal_part. The reason for special-casing is because there are two -- principal parts involved, "pres" and "pres3s", and we allow both to be specified using the syntax -- 'pres:PRES^PRES3S'. add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"sub", { desc = "present subjunctive", tag_suffix = "pres|sub", persnums = full_person_number_list, row_override_persnums = {"123s", "1p", "2p", "3p"}, row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums = {["123s"] = {"1s", "2s", "3s"}}, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_present_subj_principal_part, conjugate = add_present_subj, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"imp", { desc = "imperative", tag_suffix = "imp", persnums = imp_person_number_list, row_override_persnums = {"2s", "2p"}, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_imperative_principal_part, conjugate = add_imperative, add_reflexive_clitics = add_imperative_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"negimp", { desc = "negative imperative", tag_suffix = "-", persnums = imp_person_number_list, -- No generate_default_principal_part because all parts are copied from other parts. conjugate = add_negative_imperative, add_reflexive_clitics = add_negative_imperative_reflexive_clitics, no_explicit_principal_part = true, -- because all parts are copied from other parts no_row_overrides = true, -- not useful; use single overrides if really needed -- We don't want a category [[:Category:Italian verbs with missing negative imperative]]; doesn't make -- sense as all parts are copied from elsewhere. dont_check_defective_status = true, }}, {"phis", { desc = "past historic", tag_suffix = "phis", persnums = full_person_number_list, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_past_historic_principal_part, conjugate = add_past_historic, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, -- Set to "builtin" because normally handled specially in PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP spec, but when a built-in verb -- is involved, we want a way of overriding the past historic (using 'phis:'). no_explicit_principal_part = "builtin", }}, {"imperf", { desc = "imperfect indicative", tag_suffix = "impf|ind", persnums = full_person_number_list, generate_default_principal_part = function(base) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, function(stem) return combine_stem_ending(base, "imperf1s", stem, base.conj_vowel .. "vo") end) end, conjugate = {"o", "i", "a", "àmo", "àte", "ano"}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"impsub", { desc = "imperfect subjunctive", tag_suffix = "impf|sub", persnums = full_person_number_list, row_override_persnums = {"12s", "3s", "1p", "2p", "3p"}, row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums = {["12s"] = {"1s", "2s"}}, generate_default_principal_part = function(base) return iut.map_forms(base.verb.unstressed_stem, function(stem) return combine_stem_ending(base, "impsub12s", stem, base.conj_vowel .. "ssi") end) end, conjugate = {"ssi", "sse", "ssimo", "ste", "ssero"}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"fut", { desc = "future", tag_suffix = "fut", persnums = full_person_number_list, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_future_principal_part, conjugate = {"ò", "ài", "à", "émo", "éte", "ànno"}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"cond", { desc = "conditional", tag_suffix = "cond", persnums = full_person_number_list, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_conditional_principal_part, conjugate = {"èi", "ésti", {"èbbe", "ébbe"}, "émmo", "éste", {"èbbero", "ébbero"}}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_finite_reflexive_clitics, }}, {"pp", { desc = "past participle", tag_suffix = "past|part", persnums = {""}, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_past_participle_principal_part, conjugate = {""}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_gerund_participle_reflexive_clitics, -- Set to "builtin" because normally handled specially in PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP spec, but when a built-in verb -- is involved, we want a way of overriding the past participle (using 'pp:'). no_explicit_principal_part = "builtin", no_row_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use the PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP or pp: spec no_single_overrides = true, --useless because there's only one form; use the PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP or pp: spec }}, {"ger", { desc = "gerund", tag_suffix = "ger", persnums = {""}, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_gerund_principal_part, conjugate = {""}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_gerund_participle_reflexive_clitics, no_row_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use explicit principal part no_single_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use explicit principal part }}, {"presp", { desc = "present participle", tag_suffix = "pres|part", persnums = {""}, generate_default_principal_part = generate_default_present_participle_principal_part, conjugate = {""}, add_reflexive_clitics = add_gerund_participle_reflexive_clitics, no_row_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use explicit principal part no_single_overrides = true, -- useless because there's only one form; use explicit principal part -- Disable this; seems most verbs do have present participles -- not_defaulted = true, -- not defaulted, user has to request it explicitly dont_check_defective_status = true, -- this is frequently missing and doesn't indicate a defective verb }}, } local row_conjugation_map = {} for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) row_conjugation_map[rowslot] = rowspec end local overridable_slot_set = {} local late_overridable_slot_set = {} -- Populate all_verb_slots and overridable_slot_set. for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) for _, persnum in ipairs(rowspec.persnums) do local persnum_tag = person_number_tag_prefix[persnum] local slot = rowslot .. persnum if rowspec.tag_suffix == "-" then table.insert(all_verb_slots, {slot, "-"}) else table.insert(all_verb_slots, {slot, persnum_tag .. rowspec.tag_suffix}) end if not rowspec.no_single_overrides then overridable_slot_set[slot] = true end -- For now, we allow all slots to be late-overridable. Maybe we will rethink this later. late_overridable_slot_set[slot] = true end end local function handle_row_overrides_for_row(base, rowslot) if base.row_override_specs[rowslot] then for persnum, specs in pairs(base.row_override_specs[rowslot]) do local slot = rowslot .. persnum local existing_generated_form = base.forms[slot] local function generate_row_override_forms(form) if form == "+" then if not existing_generated_form then error(("Default form '+' requested in row override '%srow:' for slot %s but no default-generated form available; " .. "typically this means the principal part was given as '-'") :format(rowslot, slot)) end return existing_generated_form end -- Check whether the row override form is the same as the default; if not, it's an irregularity. if not general_list_form_contains_form(existing_generated_form, form) then -- Note that the row has an irregularity in it. base.rowprops.irreg[rowslot] = true -- Now note that the individual form is irregular. If the row override is for a combined form like -- 123s, we have to map that to the individual forms (1s, 2s, 3s). local rowspec = row_conjugation_map[rowslot] if not rowspec then error("Internal error: No row conjugation spec for " .. rowslot) end local row_override_persnums_map = rowspec.row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums if row_override_persnums_map and row_override_persnums_map[persnum] then -- Propagate individual irregularities to actual person/number forms, as for the present and -- imperfect subjunctive. for _, full_persnum in ipairs(row_override_persnums_map[persnum]) do base.is_irreg[rowslot .. full_persnum] = true end else base.is_irreg[rowslot .. persnum] = true end end return form end base.forms[slot] = nil -- erase existing form before generating override process_specs(base, base.forms, slot, specs, generate_row_override_forms) end end end local function handle_single_overrides_for_row(base, override_spec, rowslot) local rowspec = row_conjugation_map[rowslot] if not rowspec then error("Internal error: No row conjugation spec for " .. rowslot) end -- FIXME: We may need to rethink the handling of irregularity markers. If the user e.g. sets an irregular -- override using 'pres1p:' and then sets it back to regular using 'pres1p!:', it ends up irregular. for _, persnum in ipairs(rowspec.persnums) do local slot = rowslot .. persnum if base[override_spec][slot] then local existing_generated_form = base.forms[slot] local function generate_override_forms(form) if form == "+" then if not existing_generated_form then error(("Default form '+' requested in override for slot %s but no default-generated form available; " .. "typically this means the principal part was given as '-'") :format(rowslot, slot)) end return existing_generated_form end -- Check whether the single override form is the same as the default; if not, it's an irregularity. if not general_list_form_contains_form(existing_generated_form, form) then base.rowprops.irreg[rowslot] = true base.is_irreg[slot] = true end return form end base.forms[slot] = nil -- erase existing form before generating override process_specs(base, base.forms, slot, base[override_spec][slot], generate_override_forms) end end end local function conjugate_row(base, rowslot) local rowspec = row_conjugation_map[rowslot] if not rowspec then error("Internal error: Unrecognized row slot '" .. rowslot .. "'") end -- Generate the principal part for this row now if it has an entry for `generate_default_principal_part`. if rowspec.generate_default_principal_part then local function generate_principal_part_forms(form) -- If form == "+", either the user did not specify a principal part override (like 'sub:') or gave the value as '+'. -- In this circumstance, and provided the user did not specify a row override (like 'subrow:'), we need the default -- principal part in order to conjugate the row, so throw an error if we can't generate it. (If the user gave a row -- override, we may still need the default principal part if the row override contains '+', so we could check for -- this and set 'do_err', but it seems simpler to rely on the check in `handle_row_overrides_for_row` that makes -- sure that a default form is available when the user specifies '+' in a row override.) local do_err = form == "+" and not base.row_override_specs[rowslot] local default_principal_part = rowspec.generate_default_principal_part(base, do_err) if default_principal_part then -- There may be no default; e.g. if fut:- is given, the default conditional principal part is nil. -- process_specs() calls convert_to_general_list_form() on the output in any case and we need it in this form -- in order to call general_list_form_contains_form(), so we may as well convert it now. default_principal_part = iut.convert_to_general_list_form(default_principal_part) end if form == "+" then return default_principal_part end -- Check whether the principal part is the same as the default; if not, the entire row is irregular. if not general_list_form_contains_form(default_principal_part, form) then base.rowprops.irreg[rowslot] = true for _, persnum in ipairs(rowspec.persnums) do base.is_irreg[rowslot .. persnum] = true end end return form end local principal_part_specs = base.principal_part_specs[rowslot] or rowspec.not_defaulted and {{form = "-"}} or {{form = "+"}} process_specs(base, base.principal_part_forms, rowslot, principal_part_specs, generate_principal_part_forms) end if type(rowspec.conjugate) == "table" then local persnums = rowspec.row_override_persnums or rowspec.persnums if #rowspec.conjugate ~= #persnums then error("Internal error: Expected " .. #persnums .. " elements for row slot '" .. rowslot .. ", but saw " .. #rowspec.conjugate) end local stem = iut.map_forms(base.principal_part_forms[rowslot], function(form) local principal_part_ending = rowspec.conjugate[1] if type(principal_part_ending) ~= "string" then error(("Internal error: First element of the `.conjugate` table of the rowspec for row '%s' is not " .. "a single string; if this is needed, either use a conjugate function instead of a table, " .. "generalize the code following this error message, or introduce an additional rowspec element " .. "`principal_part_ending` containing a single string"):format(rowslot)) end if not rfind(form, principal_part_ending .. "$") then -- Generate the principal part description from the first person/number of the row (which should -- always be the principal part) + the overall row description. local principal_part_desc = principal_part_person_number_desc[persnums[1]] .. rowspec.desc error(rowslot .. "row: must be given in order to generate the " .. rowspec.desc .. " because" .. "explicit " .. principal_part_desc .. " '" .. form .. "' does not end in -" .. principal_part_ending) end return rsub(form, principal_part_ending .. "$", "") end) for i, persnum in ipairs(persnums) do add_forms(base, rowslot .. persnum, stem, rowspec.conjugate[i]) end else rowspec.conjugate(base, rowslot) end -- Now add any footnotes derived from principal part overrides of the form '+[footnote]' used in conjunction with -- built-in verbs. if base.principal_part_footnotes[rowslot] then for _, persnum in ipairs(rowspec.persnums) do local full_slot = rowslot .. persnum if base.forms[full_slot] then -- To save on memory, side-effect the existing forms. for _, formobj in ipairs(base.forms[full_slot]) do formobj.footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(formobj.footnotes, base.principal_part_footnotes[rowslot]) end end end end handle_row_overrides_for_row(base, rowslot) -- If there's a mapping from row override persnums to full persnums, copy the slots accordingly. if rowspec.row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums then for row_override_persnum, full_persnums in pairs(rowspec.row_override_persnums_to_full_persnums) do for _, full_persnum in ipairs(full_persnums) do copy_forms(base, rowslot .. full_persnum, base.forms[rowslot .. row_override_persnum]) end end end handle_single_overrides_for_row(base, "single_override_specs", rowslot) end -- Process specs given by the user using 'addnote[SLOTSPEC][FOOTNOTE][FOOTNOTE][...]'. SLOTSPEC can be a Lua pattern, -- a comma-separated list of Lua patterns (any of which need to match), or a hyphen followed by one or more -- comma-separated patterns (which negates the sense of the matching). local function process_addnote_specs(base) for _, spec in ipairs(base.addnote_specs) do for _, slot_spec in ipairs(spec.slot_specs) do local negated = false local any_changed = false local orig_slot_spec = slot_spec if slot_spec:find("^%-") then negated = true slot_spec = usub(slot_spec, 2) end local single_specs = rsplit(slot_spec, ",") for slot, forms in pairs(base.forms) do local matches for _, single_spec in ipairs(single_specs) do if rfind(slot, "^" .. slot_spec .. "$") then matches = true break end end if not negated and matches or negated and not matches and slot ~= "inf" and slot ~= "aux" then -- To save on memory, side-effect the existing forms. for _, form in ipairs(forms) do form.footnotes = iut.combine_footnotes(form.footnotes, spec.footnotes) any_changed = true end end end if not any_changed then error(("addnote spec '%s' had no effect; correct it or remove it"):format(orig_slot_spec)) end end end end local function check_for_defective_and_unknown_rows(base) for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) if not rowspec.dont_check_defective_status then local row_not_entirely_unknown = false local row_not_entirely_missing = false for i, persnum in ipairs(rowspec.persnums) do local slot = rowslot .. persnum if base.forms[slot] then row_not_entirely_missing = true for _, form in ipairs(base.forms[slot]) do if form.form == "?" then base.rowprops.unknown[rowslot] = true else row_not_entirely_unknown = true end end elseif not skip_slot(base, slot, "checking defective") then base.rowprops.defective[rowslot] = true end end base.rowprops.all_unknown[rowslot] = not row_not_entirely_unknown base.rowprops.all_defective[rowslot] = not row_not_entirely_missing end end if not base.principal_part_specs.aux and not base.verb.is_reflexive then base.rowprops.defective.aux = true base.rowprops.all_defective.aux = true end if base.principal_part_specs.aux then local row_not_entirely_unknown = false for _, form in ipairs(base.principal_part_specs.aux) do if form.form == "?" then base.rowprops.unknown.aux = true else row_not_entirely_unknown = true end end base.rowprops.all_unknown.aux = not row_not_entirely_unknown end end -- Any forms without links should get them now. Redundant ones will be stripped later. local function add_missing_links_to_forms(base) for slot, forms in pairs(base.forms) do map_side_effecting_forms(forms, add_links) end end local function remove_links_from_forms(base) -- Remove links from forms in case of noautolinkverb. for slot, forms in pairs(base.forms) do map_side_effecting_forms(forms, m_links.remove_links) end end local function conjugate_verb(base) add_default_verb_forms(base) for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) conjugate_row(base, rowslot) end if base.verb.linked_suf ~= "" then for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) rowspec.add_reflexive_clitics(base, rowslot) end end erase_suppressed_slots(base) for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) handle_single_overrides_for_row(base, "late_single_override_specs", rowslot) end process_addnote_specs(base) check_for_defective_and_unknown_rows(base) if base.args.noautolinkverb then remove_links_from_forms(base) else add_missing_links_to_forms(base) end end local function analyze_verb(lemma) local is_pronominal = false local is_reflexive = false -- The particles that can go after a verb are: -- * la, le -- * ne -- * ci, vi (sometimes in the form ce, ve) -- * si (sometimes in the form se) -- * gli -- Observed combinations: -- * ce + la: [[avercela]] "to be angry (at someone)", [[farcela]] "to make it, to succeed", -- [[mettercela tutta]] "to put everything (into something)" -- * se + la: [[sbrigarsela]] "to deal with", [[bersela]] "to naively believe in", -- [[sentirsela]] "to have the courage to face (a difficult situation)", -- [[spassarsela]] "to live it up", [[svignarsela]] "to scurry away", -- [[squagliarsela]] "to vamoose, to clear off", [[cercarsela]] "to be looking for (trouble etc.)", -- [[contarsela]] "to have a distortedly positive self-image; to chat at length", -- [[dormirsela]] "to be fast asleep", [[filarsela]] "to slip away, to scram", -- [[giostrarsela]] "to get away with; to turn a situation to one's advantage", -- [[cavarsela]] "to get away with; to get out of (trouble); to make the best of; to manage (to do); to be good at", -- [[meritarsela]] "to get one's comeuppance", [[passarsela]] "to fare (well, badly)", -- [[rifarsela]] "to take revenge", [[sbirbarsela]] "to slide by (in life)", -- [[farsela]]/[[intendersela]] "to have a secret affair or relationship with", -- [[farsela addosso]] "to shit oneself", [[prendersela]] "to take offense at; to blame", -- [[prendersela comoda]] "to take one's time", [[sbrigarsela]] "to finish up; to get out of (a difficult situation)", -- [[tirarsela]] "to lord it over", [[godersela]] "to enjoy", [[vedersela]] "to see (something) through", -- [[vedersela brutta]] "to have a hard time with; to be in a bad situation", -- [[aversela]] "to pick on (someone)", [[battersela]] "to run away, to sneak away", -- [[darsela a gambe]] "to run away", [[fumarsela]] "to sneak away", -- [[giocarsela]] "to behave (a certain way); to strategize; to play" -- * se + ne: [[andarsene]] "to take leave", [[approfittarsene]] "to take advantage of", -- [[fottersene]]/[[strafottersene]] "to not give a fuck", -- [[fregarsene]]/[[strafregarsene]] "to not give a damn", -- [[guardarsene]] "to beware; to think twice", [[impiparsene]] "to not give a damn", -- [[morirsene]] "to fade away; to die a lingering death", [[ridersene]] "to laugh at; to not give a damn", -- [[ritornarsene]] "to return to", [[sbattersene]]/[[strabattersene]] "to not give a damn", -- [[infischiarsene]] "to not give a damn", [[stropicciarsene]] "to not give a damn", -- [[sbarazzarsene]] "to get rid of, to bump off", [[andarsene in acqua]] "to be diluted; to decay", -- [[nutrirsene]] "to feed oneself", [[curarsene]] "to take care of", -- [[intendersene]] "to be an expert (in)", [[tornarsene]] "to return, to go back", -- [[starsene]] "to stay", [[farsene]] "to matter; to (not) consider; to use", -- [[farsene una ragione]] "to resign; to give up; to come to terms with; to settle (a dispute)", -- [[riuscirsene]] "to repeat (something annoying)", [[venirsene]] "to arrive slowly; to leave" -- * ci + si: [[trovarcisi]] "to find oneself in a happy situation", -- [[vedercisi]] "to imagine oneself (in a situation)", [[sentircisi]] "to feel at ease" -- * vi + si: [[recarvisi]] "to go there" -- * glie + la: [[fargliela]] "to succeed" -- local ret = {} local linked_suf, finite_pref, finite_pref_elided_e, finite_pref_elided_ho local clitic_to_substitutable = {ce = "[[ce]]", ve = "[[ve]]", se = "<se>"} local clitic_to_elided = { ci = "[[c']]", vi = "[[vi]] ", si = "[[si]] ", lo = "[[l']]", la = "[[l']]", li = "[[li]] ", le = "[[le]] ", gli = "[[gli]] ", } local verb, clitic, clitic2 = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)([cvs]e)(l[oaie])$") if verb then is_pronominal = true is_reflexive = clitic == "se" clitic = clitic_to_substitutable[clitic] linked_suf = clitic .. "[[" .. clitic2 .. "]]" finite_pref = clitic .. " [[" .. clitic2 .. "]] " finite_pref_elided_e = clitic .. " " .. clitic_to_elided[clitic2] finite_pref_elided_ho = clitic .. " " .. clitic_to_elided[clitic2] end if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)glie(l[oaie])$") if verb then is_pronominal = true linked_suf = "[[glie" .. clitic .. "]]" finite_pref = linked_suf .. " " finite_pref_elided_e = clitic_to_elided[clitic]:gsub("^%[%[", "[[glie") finite_pref_elided_ho = finite_pref_elided_e end end if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)([cvs]e)ne$") if verb then is_pronominal = true is_reflexive = clitic == "se" clitic = clitic_to_substitutable[clitic] linked_suf = clitic .. "[[ne]]" finite_pref = clitic .. " [[ne]] " finite_pref_elided_e = clitic .. " [[n']]" finite_pref_elided_ho = clitic .. " [[ne]] " end end if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)([cv]i)si$") if verb then is_pronominal = true is_reflexive = true local si_no_clitic, space_no_clitic if clitic == "ci" then si_no_clitic = "<si_no_ci>" space_no_clitic = "<space_no_ci>" else si_no_clitic = "<si_no_vi>" space_no_clitic = "<space_no_vi>" end linked_suf = "[[" .. clitic .. "]]" .. si_no_clitic finite_pref = si_no_clitic .. space_no_clitic .. "[[" .. clitic .. "]] " finite_pref_elided_e = si_no_clitic .. space_no_clitic .. clitic_to_elided[clitic] finite_pref_elided_ho = finite_pref end end if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)([cv]i)$") if verb then is_pronominal = true linked_suf = "[[" .. clitic .. "]]" finite_pref = "[[" .. clitic .. "]] " finite_pref_elided_e = clitic_to_elided[clitic] finite_pref_elided_ho = finite_pref end end if not verb then verb = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)si$") if verb then -- not pronominal is_reflexive = true linked_suf = "<si>" finite_pref = "<si> " finite_pref_elided_e = finite_pref finite_pref_elided_ho = finite_pref end end if not verb then verb = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)ne$") if verb then is_pronominal = true linked_suf = "[[ne]]" finite_pref = "[[ne]] " finite_pref_elided_e = "[[n']]" finite_pref_elided_ho = "[[ne]] " end end if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)(gli)$") if not verb then verb, clitic = rmatch(lemma, "^(.-)(l[oaie])$") end if verb then is_pronominal = true linked_suf = "[[" .. clitic .. "]]" finite_pref = "[[" .. clitic .. "]] " finite_pref_elided_e = clitic_to_elided[clitic] finite_pref_elided_ho = clitic_to_elided[clitic] end end if not verb then -- not pronominal verb = lemma linked_suf = "" finite_pref = "" finite_pref_elided_e = "" finite_pref_elided_ho = "" end ret.raw_verb = verb ret.linked_suf = linked_suf ret.finite_pref = finite_pref ret.finite_pref_elided_e = finite_pref_elided_e ret.finite_pref_elided_ho = finite_pref_elided_ho ret.is_pronominal = is_pronominal ret.is_reflexive = is_reflexive return ret end -- Subfunction of find_builtin_verb(). Match a single spec (which may begin with ^ to anchor against the beginning, -- otherwise anchored only at the end) against `verb`. Return the prefix and main verb. local function match_spec_against_verb(spec, verb) if spec:find("^%^") then -- must match exactly if rfind(verb, spec .. "$") then return "", verb end else local prefix, main_verb = rmatch(verb, "^(.*)(" .. spec .. ")$") if prefix then return prefix, main_verb end end end -- Subfunction of find_builtin_verb(). Match a single prefix + spec (where the prefix may begin with ^ to anchor -- against the beginning, otherwise anchored only at the end) against `verb`. Return the prefix and main verb. local function match_prefixed_spec_against_verb(specprefix, spec, verb) if specprefix:find("^%^") then -- must match exactly specprefix = specprefix:gsub("^%^", "") if specprefix == "" then -- We can't use the second branch of the if-else statement because an empty () returns the current position -- in rmatch(). local main_verb = rmatch(verb, "^(" .. spec .. ")$") if main_verb then return "", main_verb end else local prefix, main_verb = rmatch(verb, "^(" .. specprefix .. ")(" .. spec .. ")$") if prefix then return prefix, main_verb end end else local prefix, main_verb = rmatch(verb, "^(.*" .. specprefix .. ")(" .. spec .. ")$") if prefix then return prefix, main_verb end end end -- Find and return the prefix, main verb and conj spec for the built-in verb matching user-specified verb `verb`. local function find_builtin_verb(verb) if not m_builtin then m_builtin = require("Module:it-verb/builtin") end for _, builtin_verb in ipairs(m_builtin.builtin_verbs) do local spec, conj, desc = unpack(builtin_verb) if type(spec) == "string" then local prefix, main_verb = match_spec_against_verb(spec, verb) if prefix then return prefix, main_verb, conj end else -- Of the form {term = "ergere", prefixes = {"^", "ad", "ri"}}. Note that the prefixes not preceded by ^ -- can have further prefixes before them. for _, spec_prefix in ipairs(spec.prefixes) do local prefix, main_verb = match_prefixed_spec_against_verb(spec_prefix, spec.term, verb) if prefix then return prefix, main_verb, conj end end end end end -- Parse the "inside" of an angle bracket spec (e.g. "a/é"), storing the results into `base`. This is the actual -- function that parses indicator specs. It is separated from, and called from, parse_indicator_spec() in order to -- deal with built-in verbs, which have their own indicator specs that must be combined with the indicator spec given -- by the user. `is_builtin_verb` is true if we're processing a built-in verb spec, as opposed to a user-specified one. local function parse_inside(base, inside, is_builtin_verb) local function parse_err(msg) error((is_builtin_verb and "Internal error processing built-in verb spec: " or "") .. msg .. ": <" .. inside .. ">") end local function parse_qualifiers(separated_group) local qualifiers for j = 2, #separated_group - 1, 2 do if separated_group[j + 1] ~= "" then parse_err("Extraneous text after bracketed qualifiers: '" .. table.concat(separated_group) .. "'") end if not qualifiers then qualifiers = {} end local r_spec = separated_group[j]:match("^%[r:(.*)%]$") if r_spec then local expanded_ref = require(com_module).parse_abbreviated_references_spec(r_spec) table.insert(qualifiers, "[ref:" .. expanded_ref .. "]") else table.insert(qualifiers, separated_group[j]) end end return qualifiers end local function fetch_specs(comma_separated_group, allow_blank) local colon_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(comma_separated_group, ":") if allow_blank and #colon_separated_groups == 1 and #colon_separated_groups[1] == 1 and colon_separated_groups[1][1] == "" then return nil end local specs = {} for _, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local form = colon_separated_group[1] if form == "" then parse_err("Blank form not allowed here, but saw '" .. table.concat(comma_separated_group) .. "'") end if form:find(",") then parse_err("Comma in form '" .. form .. "', did you mean to use a colon?") end local new_spec = {form = form, footnotes = parse_qualifiers(colon_separated_group)} for _, existing_spec in ipairs(specs) do if m_table.deepEquals(existing_spec, new_spec) then parse_err("Duplicate spec '" .. table.concat(colon_separated_group) .. "'") end end table.insert(specs, new_spec) end return specs end -- Parse present-tense spec of the form PRES^PRES3S or just PRES, and set the appropriate properties in `base`. -- Used in the PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP spec as well as with pres:PRES^PRES3S in conjunction with built-in verbs. local function parse_present_spec(run) local cflex_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(run, "%^") if #cflex_separated_groups > 2 then parse_err("At most one circumflex sign (^) can appear in present tense specs") end base.principal_part_specs.pres = fetch_specs(cflex_separated_groups[1]) if #cflex_separated_groups == 2 then base.principal_part_specs.pres3s = fetch_specs(cflex_separated_groups[2]) end end local function is_root_stressed(separator) return separator == "\\" or separator == "\\/" or separator == "/\\" end local function get_opt_root_stressed_value(separator) return separator == "\\/" and "root-first" or separator == "/\\" and "ending-first" or nil end local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") local dot_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.") for i, dot_separated_group in ipairs(dot_separated_groups) do local first_element = dot_separated_group[1] if i == 1 then -- first dot-separated group is PRES,PHIS,PP or PRES^PRES3S,PHIS,PP or similar. local comma_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, "[,\\/]+", "preserve splitchar") local presind = 1 local first_separator = #comma_separated_groups > 1 and comma_separated_groups[2][1] if base.verb.is_reflexive or is_builtin_verb then if #comma_separated_groups > 1 and first_separator ~= "," then presind = 3 -- Fetch root-stressed infinitive, if given. local specs = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[1], "allow blank") if is_root_stressed(first_separator) then -- For verbs like [[scegliersi]] and [[proporsi]], allow either 'é\scélgo' or '\é\scélgo' -- and similarly either 'ó+\propóngo' or '\ó+\propóngo'. if specs == nil then if #comma_separated_groups > 3 and is_root_stressed(comma_separated_groups[4][1]) then base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[3]) presind = 5 else base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = {{form = "+"}} end else base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = specs end base.props.opt_root_stressed_inf = get_opt_root_stressed_value(first_separator) elseif specs ~= nil then local errpref = is_builtin_verb and "With built-in verb" or "With reflexive verb" parse_err(errpref .. ", can't specify anything before initial slash, but saw '" .. table.concat(comma_separated_groups[1])) end elseif not is_builtin_verb and rfind(base.verb.raw_verb, "er$") then parse_err("With reflexive -ere verb, must precede present spec with / or \\ to indicate whether infinitive is root-stressed") end if not is_builtin_verb then base.principal_part_specs.aux = {{form = "èssere"}} end else -- non-reflexive if #comma_separated_groups == 1 or first_separator == "," then parse_err("With non-reflexive verb, use a spec like AUX/PRES, AUX\\PRES, AUX/PRES,PAST,PP or similar") end presind = 3 -- Fetch auxiliary or auxiliaries. local colon_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(comma_separated_groups[1], ":") for _, colon_separated_group in ipairs(colon_separated_groups) do local aux = colon_separated_group[1] if aux == "a" then aux = "avére" elseif aux == "e" then aux = "èssere" elseif aux == "-" then if #colon_separated_group > 1 then parse_err("No footnotes allowed with '-' spec for auxiliary") end aux = nil elseif aux == "?" then -- remains as-is else parse_err("Unrecognized auxiliary '" .. aux .. "', should be 'a' (for [[avere]]), 'e' (for [[essere]]), or '-' if no past participle") end if aux then if base.principal_part_specs.aux then for _, existing_aux in ipairs(base.principal_part_specs.aux) do if existing_aux.form == aux then parse_err("Auxiliary '" .. aux .. "' specified twice") end end else base.principal_part_specs.aux = {} end table.insert(base.principal_part_specs.aux, {form = aux, footnotes = parse_qualifiers(colon_separated_group)}) end end -- Fetch root-stressed infinitive, if given. if is_root_stressed(first_separator) then if #comma_separated_groups > 3 and is_root_stressed(comma_separated_groups[4][1]) then base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[3]) presind = 5 else base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = {{form = "+"}} end base.props.opt_root_stressed_inf = get_opt_root_stressed_value(first_separator) end end if #comma_separated_groups == presind and comma_separated_groups[presind][1] == "@" then -- We will find the conjugation for the built-in verb later, after we've seen whether there is an -- '.rre' property. base.props.builtin = true else -- Parse present parse_present_spec(comma_separated_groups[presind]) -- Parse past historic if #comma_separated_groups > presind then if comma_separated_groups[presind + 1][1] ~= "," then parse_err("Use a comma not slash to separate present from past historic") end base.principal_part_specs.phis = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[presind + 2]) end -- Parse past participle if #comma_separated_groups > presind + 2 then if comma_separated_groups[presind + 3][1] ~= "," then parse_err("Use a comma not slash to separate past historic from past participle") end base.principal_part_specs.pp = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[presind + 4]) end if #comma_separated_groups > presind + 4 then parse_err("Extraneous text after past participle") end end elseif first_element == "impers" or first_element == "thirdonly" or first_element == "rre" or first_element == "nofinite" or first_element == "no_root_stressed" or first_element == "presonly" then if #dot_separated_group > 1 then parse_err("No footnotes allowed with '" .. first_element .. "' spec") end base.props[first_element] = true elseif first_element == "addnote" then local spec_and_footnotes = parse_qualifiers(dot_separated_group) if #spec_and_footnotes < 2 then parse_err("Spec with 'addnote' should be of the form 'addnote[SLOTSPEC][FOOTNOTE][FOOTNOTE][...]'") end local slot_spec = table.remove(spec_and_footnotes, 1) local slot_spec_inside = rmatch(slot_spec, "^%[(.*)%]$") if not slot_spec_inside then parse_err("Internal error: slot_spec " .. slot_spec .. " should be surrounded with brackets") end local slot_specs = rsplit(slot_spec_inside, ",") for j, spec in ipairs(slot_specs) do slot_specs[j] = strip_spaces(spec) end table.insert(base.addnote_specs, {slot_specs = slot_specs, footnotes = spec_and_footnotes}) else local first_element_prefix, first_element_minus_prefix = rmatch(first_element, "^%s*([a-z0-9_!]+)%s*:%s*(.-)%s*$") if not first_element_prefix then parse_err("Dot-separated element should be either 'impers', 'thirdonly', 'nofinite', 'no_root_stressed', 'presonly', 'rre' or be of the form " .. "'PREFIX:SPEC', but saw '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") end dot_separated_group[1] = first_element_minus_prefix if first_element_prefix == "stem" then base.principal_part_specs.explicit_stem_spec = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) elseif first_element_prefix == "phisstem" then base.principal_part_specs.explicit_phis_stem_spec = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) elseif first_element_prefix == "unstressed_stem" then base.principal_part_specs.explicit_unstressed_stem_spec = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) elseif first_element_prefix == "pres" then if first_element_minus_prefix == "-" and #dot_separated_group == 1 then -- Allow 'pres:-' to be given to suppress the present. We implement this using the -- equivalent of a row override for each of the present forms; this also cancels out the -- present subjunctive and the imperative. local hyphen_form = {{form = "-"}} base.row_override_specs.pres = { ["1s"] = hyphen_form, ["2s"] = hyphen_form, ["3s"] = hyphen_form, ["1p"] = hyphen_form, ["2p"] = hyphen_form, ["3p"] = hyphen_form, } else if not base.props.builtin then parse_err("Can't specify 'pres:' override except when '@' is given to request a built-in verb") end parse_present_spec(dot_separated_group) end elseif row_conjugation_map[first_element_prefix] then local no_explicit_pp = row_conjugation_map[first_element_prefix].no_explicit_principal_part if no_explicit_pp == true or not base.props.builtin and no_explicit_pp == "builtin" then parse_err("Can't specify principal part for " .. row_conjugation_map[first_element_prefix].desc .. " using '" .. first_element_prefix .. ":'; use the specification PRES^PRES3S.PHIS.PP") else base.principal_part_specs[first_element_prefix] = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) end elseif overridable_slot_set[first_element_prefix] then base.single_override_specs[first_element_prefix] = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) elseif first_element_prefix:find("!$") then local late_override_slot = rmatch(first_element_prefix, "^(.*)!$") if late_overridable_slot_set[late_override_slot] then base.late_single_override_specs[late_override_slot] = fetch_specs(dot_separated_group) else parse_err("Late override " .. first_element_prefix .. " refers to an unrecognized slot in '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") end elseif first_element_prefix:find("row$") then local row_override_slot = rmatch(first_element_prefix, "^(.*)row$") if row_conjugation_map[row_override_slot] then local rowspec = row_conjugation_map[row_override_slot] if rowspec.no_row_overrides then -- This happens with e.g. pp and negimp. Doesn't make sense with pp because it's a single form -- that can be specified completely using the explicit principal part. Rarely if ever useful -- for negimp; use single overrides if absolutely necessary. parse_err("Can't specify row override for " .. rowspec.desc .. " using " .. row_override_slot .. "row:; use an explicit principal part or single overrides (if allowed)") end local comma_separated_groups = split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(dot_separated_group, ",") local persnums = rowspec.row_override_persnums or rowspec.persnums if #comma_separated_groups ~= #persnums then parse_err("For " .. row_override_slot .. "row:, expected " .. #persnums .. " comma-separated forms but saw " .. #comma_separated_groups .. " in '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") end base.row_override_specs[row_override_slot] = {} for i, persnum in ipairs(persnums) do base.row_override_specs[row_override_slot][persnum] = fetch_specs(comma_separated_groups[i]) end else local row_override_slots = {} for row_override_slot, _ in pairs(row_conjugation_map) do table.insert(row_override_slots, row_override_slot .. "row:") end table.sort(row_override_slots) parse_err("Row override spec should begin with one of " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(row_override_slots) .. ", but saw '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") end else parse_err("Unrecognized prefix '" .. first_element_prefix .. "' in '" .. table.concat(dot_separated_group) .. "'") end end end end local function create_base() -- `lemma` is the verb lemma, as specified by the user. -- `verb` contains various properties of the verb derived from the lemma by analyze_verb(). -- `forms` contains the final per-slot forms. This is processed further in [[Module:inflection-utilities]]. -- This is a table indexed by slot (e.g. "pres1s"). Each value in the table is a list of items of the form -- {form = FORM, footnotes = FOOTNOTES} where FORM is the actual generated form and FOOTNOTES is either nil -- or a list of footnotes (which must be surrounded by brackets, e.g. "[archaic]"). -- `principal_part_specs` contains forms specified by the user in various fashions. The value is in the same form -- as for `forms``, but the FORM contained in it is the actual user-specified form, which may be e.g. "#è" -- rather than a verb form, and needs to be processed to generate the actual form. A spec may be "+" to insert -- the default-generated form or forms, or "-" to indicate that this form doesn't exist. The source of these -- forms is either -- (a) prefixes 'imperf:', 'fut:', 'sub:', 'impsub:', 'imp:', etc. (the key is "imperf", "fut", etc.); -- (b) specs in the format e.g. "vèngo:vègno[archaic or poetic]^viène,vénni,venùto" or "é:#è" (the key is one of -- "pres", "pres3s", "phis" or "pp" as appropriate); -- (c) an explicit stem specified using 'stem:' (the key is "explicit_stem_spec"); -- (d) a root-stressed infinitive spec such as "ó+" in "a\ó+\compóngo,compósi,compósto" (the key is -- "root_stressed_inf"); this will have the value "+" (meaning to take the vowel spec from the present tense) -- if a spec like "a\è" is given with only one backslash, and will be missing entirely if a spec like "a/è" -- is given with a slash instead of a backslash; -- (e) an auxiliary specified using e.g. "a[transitive]:e[intransitive]/è" (the key is "aux" and the value will -- contain the actual auxiliary in the form in place of "a" or "e"). -- `principal_part_footnotes` contains per-row footnotes derived from overriding principal part specs of the form -- '+[footnote]' used in conjunction with a built-in verb. -- `principal_part_forms` contains the processed versions of the specs contained in `principal_part_specs`. The -- keys are as in `principal_part_specs` and the values are the same as for `forms`. -- `row_override_specs` contains user-specified forms for a full tense/aspect row using 'presrow:', 'subrow:', etc. -- The key is "pres", "sub", etc. (i.e. minus the "row" suffix). The value is another table indexed by the -- person/number suffix (e.g. "1s", "2s", etc. for "pres"; "123s", "1p", "2p", etc. for "sub"), whose values -- are in the same format as `principal_part_specs`. -- `single_override_specs` contains user-specified forms using 'pres1s:', 'sub3p:', etc. The key is the slot -- ("pres1s", "sub3p", etc.) and the value is of the same format as `principal_part_specs`. -- `late_single_override_specs` contains user-specified forms using 'pres1s!:', 'sub3p!:', etc., specifying late -- overrides that take place after copying forms from one place to another and after adding reflexive clitics. -- The key is the slot ("pres1s", "sub3p", etc.) and the value is of the same format as `principal_part_specs`. -- `addnote_specs` contains specs specifying footnotes to add to individual slots or collections of slots using -- 'addnote[SLOTSPEC,SLOTSPEC][FOOTNOTE][FOOTNOTE][...]'. Each element is an object of the form -- {slotspec = {SLOTSPEC, ...}, footnotes = {FOOTNOTE, ...}}. -- `is_irreg` is a table indexed by an individual form slot ("pres1s", "sub2s", "pp", etc.) whose value is true or -- false indicating whether a given form is irregular. Currently, the values in `is_irreg` are used only by the -- code in [[Module:it-headword]] to determine whether to show irregular principal parts. -- `props` is a table of miscellaneous Boolean properties. Current properties: -- - `impers` (impersonal verb, with only third-singular forms) -- - `thirdonly` (third-person only verb) -- - `nofinite` (verb is missing all finite forms) -- - `no_root_stressed` (verb is missing all root-stressed forms) -- - `presonly` (verb is missing all finite forms except the present indicative) -- - `rre` (user specified the 'rre' indicator in conjunction with a syncopated reflexive verb like -- [[contrarsi]] reflexive of [[contrarre]], which otherwise would get interpreted as the reflexive of -- [[contrare]]) -- - `syncopated` (verb is syncopated, i.e. the infinitive ends in '-rre'; includes verbs with '-rre' infinitive -- as well as reflexive verbs ending in '-orsi' or '-ursi' and verbs where the 'rre' indicator -- was given by the user) -- - `builtin` (verb uses a built-in conjugation in [[Module:it-verb/builtin]]) -- - `opt_root_stressed_inf` (verb used the \/ or /\ notation to indicate an optionally root-stressed infinitive; -- to determine if a verb used the \ notation, look for a value in -- base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf) -- `rowprops` is a table of tables of row-specific Boolean properties. Each subtable specifies a property of a -- given row, such as whether the row is irregular. Specifically: -- - `rowprops.irreg`: The row is irregular, i.e. at least one slot has an irregular form. Currently used to -- determine whether to add categories like [[:Category:Italian verbs with irregular imperfect subjunctive]], -- and whether to display the row's principal part in the headword line. -- - `rowprops.defective`: The row is defective (missing one or more forms). Forms expected to be missing due to -- 'impers' or 'thirdonly' don't count. -- - `rowprops.all_defective`: The row is missing all forms. A row should be considered completely defective if -- `rowprops.defective[row]` and `rowprops.all_defective[row]` (we need both checks in case of expected -- missing rows, such as imperative with 'impers' or 'thirdonly'). -- - `rowprops.unknown`: The row has at least one unknown form. -- - `rowprops.all_unknown`: All forms of the row are unknown. -- -- There should be no other properties set directly at the `base` level. return {forms = {}, principal_part_specs = {}, principal_part_footnotes = {}, principal_part_forms = {}, row_override_specs = {}, single_override_specs = {}, late_single_override_specs = {}, addnote_specs = {}, is_irreg = {}, props = {}, rowprops = {irreg = {}, defective = {}, all_defective = {}, unknown = {}, all_unknown = {}}, } end -- Parse the indicator spec of an Italian verb, e.g. '<a/é>'. `angle_bracket_spec` is the indicator spec itself, -- surrounded by angle brackets. `lemma` is the verb lemma specified before the indicator spec, possibly with brackets -- if so specified by the user, and an empty string if no lemma was given. `pagename` is the pagename, either the -- actual name of the page or the value of pagename= if given. -- -- For example: -- * If the user said {{it-conj|a/é}} or {{it-conj|<a/é>}} then angle_bracket_spec == "<a/é>" and lemma == "". -- * If the user said {{it-conj|partecipare<a/é>}} then angle_bracket_spec == "<a/é>" and lemma == "partecipare". -- * If the user said {{it-conj|[[annunciare|annunciarsi|]]<ù>}} then angle_bracket_spec == "<ù>" and -- lemma == "[[annunciare|annunciarsi]]". -- -- This function returns a `base` object (see create_base()) describing the parsed spec. local function parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec, lemma, pagename) local base = create_base() if lemma == "" then lemma = pagename end base.lemma = m_links.remove_links(lemma) base.verb = analyze_verb(lemma) local inside = angle_bracket_spec:match("^<(.*)>$") assert(inside) parse_inside(base, inside, false) local function parse_err(msg) error(msg .. ": " .. angle_bracket_spec) end -- Set up base.verb.verb. This must be done after parse_inside() because it depends on the '.rre' indicator. set_up_base_verb(base) if base.props.builtin then local prefix, main_verb, conj = find_builtin_verb(base.verb.verb) if not prefix then parse_err("Unable to find built-in verb corresponding to '" .. base.verb.verb .. "'") end -- Create a new `base`, fill it with properties from the built-in verb, and copy over the user-specified -- properties on top of it. local nbase = create_base() nbase.lemma = base.lemma nbase.verb = base.verb nbase.verb.prefix = prefix nbase.verb.verb = prefix .. main_verb nbase.verb.raw_verb = prefix .. nbase.verb.raw_verb parse_inside(nbase, conj, "is builtin") if nbase.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf then local base_rsi = base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf -- We are dealing with a built-in verb whose spec has a backslash in it, such as [[scegliere]] with spec -- "é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto", or [[porre]] with spec "ó\póngo,pósi,pósto". The user should have specified -- "a\@" or similar. We need to merge the specs appropriately. if not base_rsi then parse_err(("Built-in verb [[%s]] has a root-stressed infinitive, and so the user specification " .. "should have a backslash (\\) preceding the @ sign"):format(main_verb)) end if #base_rsi ~= 1 or base_rsi[1].form ~= "+" or base_rsi[1].footnotes then local auxspec = base.verb.is_reflexive and "" or "a" parse_err(("Built-in verb [[%s]] has a root-stressed infinitive, and so the user specification " .. "should use a single-backslash spec like '%s\\@', not a double-backslash one like '%s\\ó\\@'"): format(main_verb, aux_spec, aux_spec)) end -- Cancel out the user's spec so it doesn't override the built-in spec. base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf = nil end -- If there's a prefix, add it now to all the specs derived from the built-in verb. if prefix ~= "" then local function form_should_be_preserved(form) local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(form) return bare_form == "+" or bare_form == "+isc" or bare_form == "-" or bare_form == "?" or is_single_vowel_spec(bare_form) end local function add_prefix_to_forms(tbl, slot) local saw_preserve_accent = false for _, formobj in ipairs(tbl[slot]) do local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(formobj.form) if rfind(postspec, "!") then saw_preserve_accent = true break end end if saw_preserve_accent then -- We have to do it the "hard" way, re-inserting the forms, in case of redundancy. local existing_forms = tbl[slot] tbl[slot] = {} iut.insert_forms(tbl, slot, iut.map_forms(existing_forms, function(form) if form_should_be_preserved(form) then return form else -- If there is a ! after the form (indicating that monosyllabic accents should be -- preserved), remove it. local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(form) return prespec .. prefix .. bare_form .. rsub(postspec, "!", "") end end)) else -- To save on memory, side-effect the existing forms. map_side_effecting_forms(tbl[slot], function(form) if form_should_be_preserved(form) then return form else local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(form) return prespec .. prefix .. bare_form .. postspec end end) end end for _, prop_table in ipairs { "principal_part_specs", "single_override_specs", "late_single_override_specs" } do for slot, _ in pairs(nbase[prop_table]) do add_prefix_to_forms(nbase[prop_table], slot) end end -- nbase.row_override_specs is in a different format. for slot, prop in pairs(nbase.row_override_specs) do for persnum, _ in pairs(prop) do add_prefix_to_forms(prop, persnum) end end -- We also need to hack any single-vowel specs that don't already specify +, - or -- to use ++, which is -- like + (take the right vowel of two) but won't throw an error if there aren't two matching vowels. -- Thisis needed for e.g. [[porre]] with prefix com-, where [[comporre]] ends up with two of the same vowel. local function hack_single_vowel_spec(specs) if specs then for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(spec.form) if rfind(bare_form, "^" .. AV .. "$") then spec.form = prespec .. bare_form .. "++" .. postspec end end end end hack_single_vowel_spec(nbase.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf) hack_single_vowel_spec(nbase.principal_part_specs.pres) hack_single_vowel_spec(nbase.principal_part_specs.pres3s) end -- Copy user-specified principal part specs unless '+' is used, which we handle specially. The reason for this -- is that + is normally used in conjunction with footnotes such as 'phis:+[rare]' where the intention is to add -- a footnote to all the forms of that row; but if we don't do the following, the + instead requests the default -- principal part generated from the infinitive. for slot, specs in pairs(base.principal_part_specs) do local saw_plus, saw_non_plus for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(spec.form) if bare_form == "+" then saw_plus = true else saw_non_plus = true end end if saw_plus and saw_non_plus then parse_err(("For principal part '%s:', can't specify both + and something else when overriding a built-in verb"): format(slot)) elseif saw_plus and slot ~= "root_stressed_inf" then -- Need a special case for root_stressed_inf. We do want to copy a + from the user-specified specs for -- root_stressed_inf to `nbase`, e.g. for [[condurre]]. The built-in spec doesn't indicate that this is -- root-stressed; this comes from the user-specified 'a\@' or similar, and if we don't copy it, the code in -- add_infinitive() triggers do_ending_stressed_infinitive(), which throws an error on -rre verbs. for _, spec in ipairs(specs) do local prespec, bare_form, postspec = parse_decorated_form(spec.form) if bare_form ~= "+" then parse_err(("Internal error: Saw '%s' for principal part form for slot '%s' but expected '+'"): format(slot, spec.form)) end if spec.footnotes then nbase.principal_part_footnotes[slot] = iut.combine_footnotes( nbase.principal_part_footnotes[full_slot], spec.footnotes) end end else nbase.principal_part_specs[slot] = specs end end -- Now copy remaining user-specified specs into the built-in verb `base`. for _, prop_table in ipairs { "row_override_specs", "single_override_specs", "late_single_override_specs", "props" } do for slot, prop in pairs(base[prop_table]) do nbase[prop_table][slot] = prop end end for _, prop_list in ipairs { "addnote_specs" } do for _, prop in ipairs(base[prop_list]) do m_table.insertIfNot(nbase[prop_list], prop) end end return nbase end return base end -- Normalize all lemmas, substituting the pagename for blank lemmas and adding links to multiword lemmas. local function normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec) -- (1) Add links to all before and after text. if not alternant_multiword_spec.args.noautolinktext then alternant_multiword_spec.post_text = add_links(alternant_multiword_spec.post_text) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do alternant_or_word_spec.before_text = add_links(alternant_or_word_spec.before_text) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do multiword_spec.post_text = add_links(multiword_spec.post_text) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do word_spec.before_text = add_links(word_spec.before_text) end end end end end -- (2) Remove any links from the lemma. iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) base.lemma = m_links.remove_links(base.lemma) end) end -- Detect inconsistencies in indicator specs. This checks that the properties 'impers' and 'thirdonly' are consistent -- across all verbs; checks that if the past participle is given as -, the auxiliary is also given as -; and propagates -- certain properties (the `from_headword` property and the template args) down to each `base`. local function detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, from_headword) alternant_multiword_spec.props = {} local props_that_must_be_consistent = {"impers", "thirdonly"} -- Propagate some settings up or down. iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) for _, prop in ipairs(props_that_must_be_consistent) do if base.props[prop] then alternant_multiword_spec.props[prop] = true end end base.from_headword = from_headword base.args = alternant_multiword_spec.args end) for _, prop in ipairs(props_that_must_be_consistent) do if alternant_multiword_spec.props[prop] then iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if not base.props[prop] then error("If some alternants specify '" .. prop .. "', all must") end end) end end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) if base.props.impers and base.props.thirdonly then error("'impers' and 'thirdonly' cannot both be specified") end -- Check for missing past participle -> missing auxiliary. if not base.verb.is_reflexive then local pp_is_missing = base.principal_part_specs.pp and #base.principal_part_specs.pp == 0 and base.principal_part_specs.pp[1].form == "-" local aux_is_missing = not base.principal_part_specs.aux if pp_is_missing and not aux_is_missing then error("If past participle given as '-', auxiliary must be explicitly specified as '-'") end end end) end -- Propagate indications of irregularity, defectiveness and other properties upward from individual `base` forms to the -- overall `alternant_multiword_spec`. The overall indications of irregularity/defectiveness are used in -- [[Module:it-headword]] to show irregular/defective principal parts, and other properties are used similarly in -- [[Module:it-headword]]. This needs to be done later than detect_all_indicator_specs() because it depends on the -- result of parsing and conjugating the angle bracket spec. local function propagate_properties_upward(alternant_multiword_spec) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) local function copy_property_table(dest_table, source_table, slotprop) if not dest_table[slotprop] then dest_table[slotprop] = {} end for slot, propval in pairs(source_table[slotprop]) do dest_table[slotprop][slot] = dest_table[slotprop][slot] or propval end end copy_property_table(alternant_multiword_spec, base, "is_irreg") if not alternant_multiword_spec.rowprops then alternant_multiword_spec.rowprops = {} end for subtable_key, subtable in pairs(base.rowprops) do copy_property_table(alternant_multiword_spec.rowprops, base.rowprops, subtable_key) end -- If there is an explicit stem spec, we display the imperfect principal part explicitly even if not marked -- as irregular. if base.principal_part_specs.explicit_stem_spec then alternant_multiword_spec.props.has_explicit_stem_spec = true end -- If any verb is pronominal, we display the overall lemma as 'pronominal'. if base.verb.is_pronominal then alternant_multiword_spec.props.is_pronominal = true end -- If any verb is non-reflexive, we show the auxiliary. if not base.verb.is_reflexive then alternant_multiword_spec.props.is_non_reflexive = true end end) end -- Set the overall auxiliary or auxiliaries. We can't do this using the normal inflection -- code as it will produce e.g. '[[avere|avére]] [[e]] [[avere|avére]]' for conjoined verbs. local function compute_auxiliary(alternant_multiword_spec) iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) iut.insert_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, "aux", iut.map_forms(base.principal_part_specs.aux, function(form) return add_links(form) end) ) end) end -- Add the categories and annotation for `base` into the appropriate structures in `alternant_multiword_spec`. local function add_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec, base, multiword_lemma, from_headword) local function insert_ann(anntype, value) m_table.insertIfNot(alternant_multiword_spec.annotation[anntype], value) end local function insert_cat(cat, also_when_multiword) -- Don't place multiword terms in categories like 'Italian verbs ending in -are' to avoid spamming the -- categories with such terms. if also_when_multiword or not multiword_lemma then m_table.insertIfNot(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, "Italian " .. cat) end end if check_for_red_links and not from_headword and not multiword_lemma then for _, slot_and_accel in ipairs(all_verb_slots) do local slot = slot_and_accel[1] local forms = base.forms[slot] local must_break = false if forms then for _, form in ipairs(forms) do if not form.form:find("%[%[") then local title = mw.title.new(form.form) if title and not title.exists then -- insert_cat("verbs with red links in their inflection tables") must_break = true break end end end end if must_break then break end end end if base.props.syncopated then insert_ann("conj", "syncopated") -- insert_cat("syncopated verbs") elseif base.principal_part_specs.root_stressed_inf then insert_ann("conj", "root-stressed -ere") -- insert_cat("verbs with root-stressed infinitive") -- insert_cat("verbs ending in -ere") else local ending = base.conj_vowel == "à" and "are" or base.conj_vowel == "é" and "ere" or "ire" insert_ann("conj", "-" .. ending) -- insert_cat("verbs ending in -" .. ending) end if base.props.impers then insert_ann("third_only", "impersonal") -- insert_cat("impersonal verbs") elseif base.props.thirdonly then insert_ann("third_only", "third-person only") -- insert_cat("third-person-only verbs") else insert_ann("third_only", "regular") end local is_irreg = false local is_defective = false for _, rowconj in ipairs(row_conjugations) do local rowslot, rowspec = unpack(rowconj) if base.rowprops.irreg[rowslot] then if not is_irreg then is_irreg = true -- insert_cat("irregular verbs") end -- insert_cat("verbs with irregular " .. rowspec.desc) end if base.rowprops.defective[rowslot] then if not is_defective then is_defective = true -- insert_cat("defective verbs") end -- insert_cat("verbs with missing " .. rowspec.desc) end end if not base.verb.is_reflexive and not base.principal_part_specs.aux then if not is_defective then is_defective = true -- insert_cat("defective verbs") end -- insert_cat("verbs lacking composed tenses") end if is_irreg then insert_ann("irreg", "irregular") else insert_ann("irreg", "regular") end if is_defective then insert_ann("defective", "defective") else insert_ann("defective", "regular") end if not base.verb.is_reflexive and base.principal_part_specs.aux then for _, auxform in ipairs(base.principal_part_specs.aux) do if auxform.form ~= "?" then -- No auxiliaries end in a stressed vowel so this is safe. local aux_no_accents = remove_accents(auxform.form) insert_ann("aux", aux_no_accents) -- insert_cat("verbs taking " .. aux_no_accents .. " as auxiliary") end end end if base.verb.is_pronominal then -- insert_cat("pronominal verbs") -- FIXME: Should we use this instead? This is what Spanish does. -- insert_cat("verbs with lexical clitics") end if base.verb.is_reflexive then -- insert_cat("reflexive verbs") end end -- Compute the categories to add the verb to, as well as the annotation to display in the conjugation title bar. We -- combine the code to do these functions as both categories and title bar contain similar information. local function compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec, from_headword) alternant_multiword_spec.categories = {} local ann = {} alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = ann ann.conj = {} ann.third_only = {} ann.irreg = {} ann.defective = {} ann.aux = {} local multiword_lemma = false for _, form in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms.inf) do if form.form:find(" ") then multiword_lemma = true break end end iut.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, function(base) add_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec, base, multiword_lemma, from_headword) end) local ann_parts = {} local conj = table.concat(ann.conj, " or ") table.insert(ann_parts, conj) local third_only = table.concat(ann.third_only, " or ") if third_only ~= "" and third_only ~= "regular" then table.insert(ann_parts, third_only) end local irreg = table.concat(ann.irreg, " or ") if irreg ~= "" and irreg ~= "regular" then table.insert(ann_parts, irreg) end local defective = table.concat(ann.defective, " or ") if defective ~= "" and defective ~= "regular" then table.insert(ann_parts, defective) end alternant_multiword_spec.annotation = table.concat(ann_parts, "; ") end -- Convert the forms associated with each slot into their display form (a string). local function show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) local lemmas = iut.map_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms.inf, remove_reflexive_indicators) alternant_multiword_spec.lemmas = lemmas -- save for later use in make_table() local props = { lang = lang, lemmas = lemmas, slot_list = all_verb_slots, } iut.show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec.forms, props) end local notes_template = [=[ <div class="roa-footnote-outer-div" style="width:100%;"> <div class="roa-footnote-inner-div"> {footnote} </div></div> ]=] local basic_table = [=[ {description}<div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">&nbsp; &nbsp; Conjugation of {title} (See [[Appendix:Italian verbs]])</div> <div class="NavContent"> {\op}| class="roa-inflection-table" data-toggle-category="inflection" |- ! class="roa-nonfinite-header" | <span title="infinito">infinitive</span> | {inf} |- ! colspan="2" class="roa-nonfinite-header" | <span title="verbo ausiliare">auxiliary verb</span> | {aux} ! colspan="2" class="roa-nonfinite-header" | <span title="gerundio">gerund</span> | colspan="2" | {ger} |- ! colspan="2" class="roa-nonfinite-header" | <span title="participio presente">present participle</span> | {presp} ! colspan="2" class="roa-nonfinite-header" | <span title="participio passato">past participle</span> | colspan="2" | {pp} |- ! rowspan="2" class="roa-person-number-header" | person ! colspan="3" class="roa-person-number-header" | singular ! colspan="3" class="roa-person-number-header" | plural |- ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | first ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | second ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | third ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | first ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | second ! class="roa-person-number-header" style="width:12.5%;" | third |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | <span title="indicativo">indicative</span> ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | io ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | tu ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | lui/lei, esso/essa ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | noi ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | voi ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" | loro, essi/esse |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="presente">present</span> | {pres1s} | {pres2s} | {pres3s} | {pres1p} | {pres2p} | {pres3p} |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="imperfetto">imperfect</span> | {imperf1s} | {imperf2s} | {imperf3s} | {imperf1p} | {imperf2p} | {imperf3p} |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="passato remoto">past historic</span> | {phis1s} | {phis2s} | {phis3s} | {phis1p} | {phis2p} | {phis3p} |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="futuro semplice">future</span> | {fut1s} | {fut2s} | {fut3s} | {fut1p} | {fut2p} | {fut3p} |- ! class="roa-indicative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="condizionale presente">conditional</span> | {cond1s} | {cond2s} | {cond3s} | {cond1p} | {cond2p} | {cond3p} |- ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | <span title="congiuntivo">subjunctive</span> ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che io ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che tu ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che noi ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che voi ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" | che loro, che essi/che esse |- ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="congiuntivo presente">present</span> | {sub1s} | {sub2s} | {sub3s} | {sub1p} | {sub2p} | {sub3p} |- ! class="roa-subjunctive-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="congiuntivo imperfetto">imperfect</span> | {impsub1s} | {impsub2s} | {impsub3s} | {impsub1p} | {impsub2p} | {impsub3p} |- ! rowspan="2" class="roa-imperative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="imperativo">imperative</span> ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | &mdash; ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | tu ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | Lei ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | noi ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | voi ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" | Loro |- | | {imp2s} | {imp3s} | {imp1p} | {imp2p} | {imp3p} |- ! class="roa-imperative-left-rail" style="height:3em;" | <span title="imperativo negativo">negative imperative</span> | | {negimp2s} | {negimp3s} | {negimp1p} | {negimp2p} | {negimp3p} |{\cl}{notes_clause}</div></div>]=] local function make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms local lemma_links = {} for _, lemma in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.lemmas) do table.insert(lemma_links, m_links.full_link({ lang = lang, term = lemma.form }, "term")) end forms.title = table.concat(lemma_links, " or ") if alternant_multiword_spec.annotation ~= "" then forms.title = forms.title .. " (" .. alternant_multiword_spec.annotation .. ")" end forms.description = "" -- Format the table. forms.footnote = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.footnote forms.notes_clause = forms.footnote ~= "" and m_string_utilities.format(notes_template, forms) or "" return require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Module:roa-verb/style.css") .. m_string_utilities.format(basic_table, forms) end -- Externally callable function to conjugate a verb. Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the -- conjugated forms are in `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the slot -- key will be missing. The value for a given slot is a list of objects {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.do_generate_forms(args, from_headword, headword_head) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local head = headword_head or pagename local arg1 = args[1] local need_surrounding_angle_brackets = true local incorporated_headword_head_into_lemma = false -- Check whether we need to add <...> around the argument. If the -- argument has no < in it, we definitely do. Otherwise, we need to -- parse the balanced [...] and <...> and add <...> only if there isn't -- a top-level <...>. We check for [...] because there might be angle -- brackets inside of them (HTML tags in qualifiers or <<name:...>> and -- such in references). if arg1:find("<") then local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(arg1, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) for i = 2, #segments, 2 do if segments[i]:find("^<.*>$") then need_surrounding_angle_brackets = false break end end end if need_surrounding_angle_brackets then if head:find(" ") then -- If multiword lemma without <...> already, try to add it after the first word. local need_explicit_angle_brackets = false if arg1:find("%(%(") then need_explicit_angle_brackets = true else -- Try to preserve the brackets in the part after the verb, but don't do it -- if there aren't the same number of left and right brackets in the verb -- (which means the verb was linked as part of a larger expression). local refl_clitic_verb, post = rmatch(head, "^(.-)( .*)$") local left_brackets = rsub(refl_clitic_verb, "[^%[]", "") local right_brackets = rsub(refl_clitic_verb, "[^%]]", "") if #left_brackets == #right_brackets then arg1 = iut.remove_redundant_links(refl_clitic_verb) .. "<" .. arg1 .. ">" .. post incorporated_headword_head_into_lemma = true else -- Try again using the form without links. local linkless_head = m_links.remove_links(head) if linkless_head:find(" ") then refl_clitic_verb, post = rmatch(linkless_head, "^(.-)( .*)$") arg1 = refl_clitic_verb .. "<" .. arg1 .. ">" .. post else need_explicit_angle_brackets = true end end end if need_explicit_angle_brackets then error("Multiword argument without <> and with alternants, a multiword linked verb or " .. "unbalanced brackets; please include <> explicitly: " .. arg1) end else arg1 = "<" .. arg1 .. ">" -- Will be incorporated through `head` below in the call to parse_indicator_spec(). incorporated_headword_head_into_lemma = true end end local function do_parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec, lemma) return parse_indicator_spec(angle_bracket_spec, lemma, head) end local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = do_parse_indicator_spec, allow_default_indicator = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local escaped_arg1 = escape_reflexive_indicators(arg1) local alternant_multiword_spec = iut.parse_inflected_text(escaped_arg1, parse_props) alternant_multiword_spec.pos = pos or "ကြိယာ" alternant_multiword_spec.args = args alternant_multiword_spec.incorporated_headword_head_into_lemma = incorporated_headword_head_into_lemma normalize_all_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec) detect_all_indicator_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, from_headword) local inflect_props = { slot_list = all_verb_slots, inflect_word_spec = conjugate_verb, -- We add links around the generated verbal forms rather than allow the entire multiword -- expression to be a link, so ensure that user-specified links get included as well. include_user_specified_links = true, } iut.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, inflect_props) propagate_properties_upward(alternant_multiword_spec) compute_auxiliary(alternant_multiword_spec) convert_accented_links(alternant_multiword_spec) compute_categories_and_annotation(alternant_multiword_spec, from_headword) if args.json then return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(alternant_multiword_spec) end return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Externally callable function to parse user-specified arguments and conjugate a verb. -- Return value is ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC, an object where the conjugated forms are in `ALTERNANT_MULTIWORD_SPEC.forms` -- for each slot. If there are no values for a slot, the slot key will be missing. The value -- for a given slot is a list of objects {form=FORM, footnotes=FOOTNOTES}. function export.parse_args_and_generate_forms(parent_args) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = def or "mettere<a\\é,mìsi,mésso>"}, ["noautolinktext"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["noautolinkverb"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for testing ["json"] = {type = "boolean"}, -- for bot use } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, params) return export.do_generate_forms(args) end -- Entry point for {{it-conj}}. Template-callable function to parse and conjugate a verb given -- user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the conjugated forms. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local alternant_multiword_spec = export.parse_args_and_generate_forms(parent_args) if type(alternant_multiword_spec) == "string" then return alternant_multiword_spec end show_forms(alternant_multiword_spec) return make_table(alternant_multiword_spec) .. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(alternant_multiword_spec.categories, lang, nil, nil, force_cat) end return export j1mk3imwrapbdfyhddtuo1qachn1n4k 828 58233 394249 75935 2026-05-09T15:55:47Z 咽頭べさ 33 394249 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Authorship: Ben Wing <benwing2> ]=] -- This contains "built-in" verbs, i.e. verbs (mostly irregular) whose conjugation is built into the module. -- We try to provide coverage of all -ere verbs, as well as all irregular -are and -ire verbs (where "irregular" -- for -ire verbs does not include those whose only irregularity is a present participle ending in -iente), and -- all syncopated verbs (those in -rre). -- -- Individual entries in this table are of the form {KEY, VALUE, ENGLISH_DESC}, as follows: -- 1. KEY is one of the following: -- a. A string, the infinitive of the verb in question. If the string is preceded by ^, the user-specified verb -- must exactly match this string; otherwise, it can contain an extra prefix, which is appended onto all -- generated forms. For example, "andare" will also match "riandare", "trasandare", etc., and "idere" will -- match "incidere", "elidere", "dividere", etc.; but "^vergere" will only match "vergere", not "convergere" or -- "divergere". -- b. An object of the form {term = "TERM", prefixes = {"PREFIX", "PREFIX", ...}}. In this case, `term` specifies -- the infinitive to match, and `prefixes` specifies the allowed prefixes that can be prepended onto the -- infinitive in order for this entry to be considered a match. If a prefix is preceded by ^, it must match -- exactly; otherwise, longer prefixes ending in the specified string can match. For example, the spec -- {term = "vedere", prefixes = {"prov", "pro"}} will match "provvedere", "provedere", and prefixed derivatives of -- these verbs such as "riprovvedere"; but not "rivedere", "prevedere", "vedere" by itself, etc. Similarly, the -- spec {term = "bere", prefixes = {"^", "ri", "tra"}} will match "bere" by itself (because of the "^"), as well as -- "ribere", "trabere", "strabere" (because of "tra"), etc.; but not "iubere" or "ebere". -- 2. VALUE is a string, which is of the same format as is normally used in {{it-conj}} and {{it-verb}} (inside of -- angle brackets), except that the auxiliary indicator and following slash or backslash is omitted and must be -- supplied by the user. If the verb is root-stressed with irregular present indicative principal part and would -- normally use a spec like (for [[scegliere]]) "a\é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto", the second backslash and preceding -- single-vowel spec is still included, i.e. the value would look like "é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto". In this case, if -- the user specifies a slash instead of a backslash, an error is thrown. -- 3. ENGLISH_DESC is an English-language description of the verbs handled by this entry, such as -- "<<dare>> and derivatives (<<addare>>, <<ridare>>, <<sdarsi>>); but not <<andare>> or derivatives". This is used -- in generating the documentation describing the built-in verbs handled by the module. Double angle bracket specs -- such as <<dare>> are converted into links, and are equivalent to e.g. {{m|it|dare}}. Template references in the -- description will be expanded. -- -- The order of the entries matters, as the entries are processed sequentially. The general ordering used is -are, then -- -ere, then -ire, then syncopated verbs. Within a group, verbs are approximated sorted using right-to-left sorting, -- so that e.g. all the -cere verbs follow the -bere verbs and precede the -dere verbs; and within the -dere verbs, -- the -ndere verbs are grouped together following the -idere verbs and preceding the -odere verbs; etc. Exceptions may -- be made to ensure the right precedence, e.g. "andare" precedes "dare". export.builtin_verbs = { ---------------------------------------------- -are verbs -------------------------------------------- -- must precede dare; va vs. rivà handled automatically {"andare", [=[ -. presrow:vàdo,vài,và*,andiàmo,andàte,vànno. fut:andrò. sub:vàda. imp:vài:và' ]=], "<<andare>> and derivatives (<<riandare>>, <<trasandare>>/<<transandare>>)"}, -- NOTE: specifying détti autogenerates #dètti {"dare", [=[ -,dièdi:diédi:détti. phisstem:dé. presrow:dò*,dài,dà*!,diàmo,dàte,dànno. fut:darò. sub:dìa. impsub:déssi. imp:dài:dà' ]=], "<<dare>> and derivatives (<<addare>>, <<ridare>>, <<sdarsi>>); but not <<andare>> or derivatives"}, -- NOTE: specifying stétti autogenerates #stètti {"stare", [=[ -,stétti. phisstem:sté. presrow:stò*,stài,stà*,stiàmo,stàte,stànno. fut:starò. sub:stìa. impsub:stéssi. imp:stài:stà' ]=], "<<stare>> and derivatives (<<ristare>>, <<soprastare>>, <<sottostare>>); not <<sovrastare>>"}, ---------------------------------------------- -ere verbs -------------------------------------------- {"soccombere", "ó+,+,+", "<<soccombere>>"}, {"combere", "ó,+,-", "<<incombere>>, <<procombere>>"}, -- iubere: archaic, defective -- giacere, piacere, tacere; Hoepli says piacciàmo only, taciàmo only and either giaccìamo or giaciàmo; -- but Treccani says all should be in -acciàmo. DOP says piaciàmo and taciàmo are errors and giaciàmo is -- "meno bene". {"acere", "àccio^à,àcqui.pres1p:acciàmo", "<<giacere>>, <<tacere>>, <<piacere>> and derivatives"}, -- licere (lecere), recere: archaic or poetic, defective -- dicere, benedicere: archaic; handled under dire below -- soffolcere (suffolcere, soffolgere, suffulcere): archaic, defective -- molcere: poetic, defective {"vincere", "ì,vìnsi,vìnto", "<<vincere>> and derivatives"}, {"cuocere", "ò\\cuòcio^ò,còssi,còtto.unstressed_stem:cuoce:coce[now rare]", "<<cuocere>> and derivatives"}, {"nuocere", "ò\\nòccio:nuòccio^ò,nòcqui,nociùto:nuociùto[rare].unstressed_stem:nuoce:noce[now rare].presp:nocènte", "<<nuocere>>, <<rinuocere>>"}, {"torcere", "ò,tòrsi,tòrto", "<<torcere>> and derivatives"}, {"nascere", "à,nàcqui,nàto", "<<nascere>>, <<rinascere>>, <<prenascere>>"}, {"pascere", "à", "<<pascere>>, <<ripascere>>"}, -- acquiescere: rare, defective in past participle {"mescere", "é:è", "<<mescere>>, <<rimescere>>"}, {"crescere", "é,crébbi", "<<crescere>> and derivatives"}, -- mansuescere: archaic, rare, infinitive only {"noscere", "ó,nóbbi", "<<conoscere>>, archaic <<cognoscere>> and derivatives"}, -- ducere and derivatives: archaic; handled under -durre below -- [[lucere]] itself is poetic and lacking the past historic {{term = "lucere", prefixes = {"tra", "ri"}}, "ù,+,-", "<<rilucere>>, <<tralucere>>"}, -- 'cadere' must precede 'adere' {"cadere", "à,càddi.fut:cadrò", "<<cadere>> and derivatives"}, -- NOTE: (1) per DiPI, [[suadere]] can be pronounced suadére (per Treccani/Hoepli) or suàdere. -- (2) [[ridere]] has past historic [[rasi]], with /z/ or traditional /s/, whereas the past historic of the -- other verbs has only /z/; but this currently makes no difference as we don't indicate all details of verb -- pronunciation. If we change this and start indicating full pronunciation (e.g. as [[Module:fr-verb]] does), -- we need to split these verbs. {"adere", "à,àsi,àso", "<<radere>> and derivatives; <<suadere>> and derivatives; verbs in ''-vadere'' (<<invadere>>, <<evadere>>, <<pervadere>>); but not <<cadere>> and derivatives"}, -- reddere: archaic for rendere {"succedere", "è,succèssi:+,succèsso:+", "<<succedere> (needs overrides to handle different past historic and past participle in different meanings)"}, {"concedere", "è,concèssi:+,concèsso", "<<concedere>> and derivatives"}, -- Hoepli says [[retrocedere]] is conjugated like [[cedere]], but in fact ''retrocesso'' is much more common than ''retroceduto'' -- (Hoepli even gives two examples using ''retrocesso''), while ''retrocessero'' and ''retrocedettero'' are equally common. -- Treccani correctly says "(pass. rem. io retrocèssi [anche retrocedéi o retrocedètti], tu retrocedésti, ecc.; part. pass. retrocèsso)". {"retrocedere", "è,retrocèssi:+,retrocèsso", "<<retrocedere>>"}, -- cedere: cèssi is archaic {"cedere", "è", "<<cedere>> and derivatives; but not <<succedere>>, <<concedere>>, <<retrocedere>> or derivatives"}, {"chiedere", "è:é,chièsi:chiési,chièsto:chiésto", "<<chiedere>> and derivatives"}, -- riedere: variant of poetic/archaic defective redire (reddire) {"siedere", "è:é", "verbs in ''-siedere'' (<<presiedere>>, <<risiedere>>)"}, {"ledere", "è,lési,léso", "<<ledere>>"}, -- credere: crési is archaic {"credere", "é", "<<credere>> and derivatives (<<discredere>>, <<miscredere>>, <<ricredere>>, <<scredere>>)"}, -- pedere: obsolete, regular but lacking past participle -- Treccani and Hoepli say [[possedere]] and [[sedere]] are conjugated the same; Hoepli says "''sièdo'' o ''sèggo''" -- and Treccani says ''sèggo'' is literary. But a corpus study by Anna M. Thornton, "Overabundance: Multiple Forms Realizing the Same Cell" -- in ''Morphological Autonomy'', p. 366 -- [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Morphological_Autonomy/oh3UlV6xSQEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22posseggo%22&pg=PA363&printsec=frontcover] -- shows that ''seggo'' is rare but ''posseggo'' is not (''possiedo'' 140 to ''posseggo'' 95; ''possiedono'' 1236 to ''posseggono'' 755; -- ''possieda'' 174 to ''possegga'' 132; ''possiedano'' 46 to ''posseggano'' 65). {"possedere", "possièdo:possiédo:possèggo:posséggo^possiède:possiéde.fut:possiederò[now more common, especially in speech]:+", "<<possedere>> and derivatives"}, {"sedere", "sièdo:siédo.fut:siederò[now more common, especially in speech]:+", "<<sedere>> and derivatives; but not <<possedere>> or derivatives"}, -- divedere: defective {{term = "vedere", prefixes = {"pre"}}, "é,vìdi,vìsto:vedùto[less popular].fut:vedrò:vederò.presp:+:veggènte", "<<prevedere>>"}, {{term = "vedere", prefixes = {"prov", "pro"}}, "é,vìdi,vedùto:vìsto[rare in a verbal sense].presp:+:veggènte", "<<provvedere>> (archaic <<provedere>>) and derivatives"}, -- the following per Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia {{term = "vedere", prefixes = {"^rav"}}, "é,vìdi,vedùto.fut:vedrò:vederò.presp:+:veggènte", "<<ravvedere>>"}, {{term = "vedere", prefixes = {"^tra", "tras", "trans", "stra", "anti"}}, "é,vìdi,vedùto.fut:vedrò.presp:+:veggènte", "<<travedere>> and variants, <<stravedere>>, <<antivedere>>"}, {"vedere", "é,vìdi,vìsto:vedùto[less popular].fut:vedrò.presp:+:veggènte", "<<vedere>> and some derivatives (e.g. <<avvedere>>, <<intravedere>>, <<rivedere>>); may need overrides, e.g. <<rivedere>> in the meaning \"to revise\" has only <<riveduto>> as past participle"}, -- stridere: past participle is lacking (per Hoepli), not used (per DOP) or extremely rare (per Treccani) {"stridere", "ì,+,-", "<<stridere>>"}, -- NOTE: [[ridere]] has past historic [[risi]], with /z/ or traditional /s/, whereas the past historic of the -- other verbs has only /z/; see comment above about 'adere'. {"idere", "ì,ìsi,ìso", "verbs in ''-cidere'' (<<incidere>>, <<coincidere>>, <<uccidere>>, <<decidere>>, etc.; verbs in ''-lidere'' (<<elidere>>, <<collidere>>, <<allidere>>); <<ridere>> and derivatives; <<assidere>>; <<dividere>> and derivatives; but not <<stridere>>"}, -- Treccani (under [[espandere]]) says past historic only spànsi, past participle only spànso. Hoepli says past -- historic spandéi or (uncommon) spandètti or spànsi, past participle spànto or archaic spànso or spandùto. -- The reality from reverso.net is somewhere in between. {"spandere", "à,spànsi:+[uncommon],spànto:spànso", "<<spandere>> and derivatives"}, -- must precede cendere {"scendere", "é:è,scési,scéso", "<<scendere>> and derivatives"}, {"cendere", "è,cési,céso", "<<accendere>> and derivatives, <<incendere>>"}, {{term = "fendere", prefixes = {"di", "de", "of"}}, "è,fési,féso", "<<difendere>> (archaic <<defendere>>), <<offendere>> and derivatives"}, {"fendere", "è,+,+:fésso", "<<fendere>>, <<rifendere>>, <<sfendere>>; but not <<offendere>>, <<difendere>> or respective derivatives"}, -- stridere (FIXME: some other verb intended?): past participle is rare (per Hoepli), not used (per DOP and Treccani) {"splendere", "è,+,-", "<<splendere>> and derivatives"}, {"^pendere", "è,+,+[rare]", "<<pendere>>; but not any derivatives"}, {"propendere", "è,+,propéso[rare]", "<<propendere>>"}, {"pendere", "è,pési,péso", "<<appendere>>, <<dipendere>>, <<spendere>>, <<sospendere>> and other verbs and derivatives in ''-pendere'' other than <<pendere>> and <<propendere>>"}, {"prendere", "è,prési,préso", "<<prendere>> and derivatives"}, {"rendere", "è,rési,réso", "<<rendere>>, <<arrendere>> and <<rirendere>>"}, {"tendere", "è,tési,téso", "<<tendere>>, <<stendere>> and derivatives of each"}, {"vendere", "é", "<<vendere>> and derivatives"}, {"scindere", "ì,scìssi,scìsso", "<<scindere>> and derivatives"}, {"scondere", "ó,scósi,scósto", "<<nascondere>>, <<ascondere>> and derivatives of each"}, {"fondere", "ó,fùsi,fùso", "<<fondere>> and derivatives"}, {"spondere", "ó,spósi,spósto", "<<rispondere>> (archaic <<respondere>>) and derivatives"}, -- Hoepli says tònso but I suspect it's a mistake; Olivetti says tónso {"tondere", "ó,+,+:tónso", "<<tondere>>"}, {"tundere", "ù,tùsi,tùso", "<<contundere>> and <<ottundere>>"}, {"godere", "ò.fut:godrò", "<<godere>> and derivatives"}, {"plodere", "ò,plòsi,plòso", "<<esplodere>>, <<implodere>> and derivatives"}, {"rodere", "ó,rósi,róso", "<<rodere>> and derivatives"}, {"ardere", "à,àrsi,àrso", "<<ardere>> and derivatives"}, {"perdere", "è,pèrsi:perdètti:perdéi[less common],pèrso:perdùto", "<<perdere>> and derivatives"}, {"mordere", "ò,mòrsi,mòrso", "<<mordere>> and derivatives"}, -- gaudere: literary or archaic, defective {"plaudere", "à,plaudìi,plaudìto", "<<plaudere>>"}, {"prudere", "ù,+[rare],-", "<<prudere>>"}, {"udere", "ù,ùsi,ùso", "<<chiudere>> and derivatives; verbs in ''-cludere'' (<<concludere>>, <<includere>>, <<escludere>>, etc.); verbs in ''-ludere'' (<<eludere>>, <<deludere>>, <<alludere>>, etc.); verbs in ''-trudere'' (<<intrudere>>, <<protrudere>>, <<estrudere>>, etc.); but not <<prudere>> or <<gaudere>>"}, -- piagere, plagere: archaic, defective -- traggere and derivatives: archaic; handled under trarre below {"eggere", "è,èssi,ètto", "<<leggere>> and derivatives; <<reggere>> and derivatives; <<proteggere>> and derivatives"}, {{term = "figgere", prefixes = {"^", "con", "ri", "scal", "tra"}}, "ì,fìssi,fìtto", "<<figgere>> and some derivatives (<<configgere>>, <<rifiggere>>, <<scalfiggere>>, <<trafiggere>> and derivatives), with past participle in ''-fitto''"}, {"figgere", "ì,fìssi,fìsso", "most derivatives of <<figgere>> (<<affiggere>>, <<crocifiggere>> and variants, <<defiggere>>, <<infiggere>>, <<prefiggere>>, <<suffiggere>>, and derivatives), with past participle in ''-fisso''"}, {"fliggere", "ì,flìssi,flìtto", "verbs in ''-fliggere'' (<<affliggere>>, <<confliggere>>, <<infliggere>>)"}, {"friggere", "ì,frìssi,frìtto", "<<friggere>> and derivatives"}, {"struggere", "ù,strùssi,strùtto", "<<struggere>> and derivatives"}, {"redigere", "ì,redàssi,redàtto", "<<redigere>>"}, -- indigere: archaic, defective -- negligere: uncommon, defective {"diligere", "ì+,dilèssi,dilètto", "<<diligere>> and derivatives"}, {"rigere", "ì,rèssi,rètto", "<<erigere>>, <<dirigere>> and derivatives"}, {"sigere", "ì,+[uncommon],sàtto", "<<esigere>> and <<transigere>>"}, -- vigere: highly defective -- algere: archaic poetic, defective -- soffolgere: archaic, defective; variant of soffolcere, see above -- molgere: rare, literary, defective {"volgere", "ò,vòlsi,vòlto", "<<volgere>> and derivatives"}, {"indulgere", "ù,indùlsi,indùlto", "<<indulgere>>"}, {"fulgere", "ù,fùlsi,-", "<<fulgere>> and derivatives; lacking past participle"}, -- angere: archaic or poetic, defective {{term = "angere", prefixes = {"fr", "pi", "pl"}}, "à,ànsi,ànto", "<<frangere>> and derivatives (some derivatives need special handling of the past participle); <<piangere>> (archaic <<plangere>>) and derivatives"}, -- piagnere: archaic, defective, no past historic or past participle -- clangere: literary, rare, defective, no past historic or past participle -- tangere: literary, defective -- etc. {"spengere", "é:#è,spénsi:#spènsi,spénto:#spènto", "<<spengere>> (Tuscan variant of <<spegnere>>)"}, {"mingere", "ì,mìnsi,-", "<<mingere>> and derivatives"}, {"stringere", "ì,strìnsi,strétto", "<<stringere>> and derivatives"}, {"ingere", "ì,ìnsi,ìnto", "<<cingere>> and derivatives; <<fingere>> and derivatives; <<pingere>> and derivatives; <<spingere>> and derivatives; <<tingere>> and derivatives; but not <<mingere>> (lacking the past participle), and not <<stringere>> and derivatives (with past participle <<stretto>> etc.)"}, {"fungere", "ù,fùnsi,fùnto[rare]", "<<fungere>> and derivatives"}, {"ungere", "ù,ùnsi,ùnto", "<<ungere>>; <<giungere>> and derivatives; <<mungere>> and derivatives; <<pungere>> and derivatives; but not <<fungere>> and derivatives (past participle is formed the same way but rare)"}, -- arrogere: archaic, defective {"spargere", "à,spàrsi,spàrso", "<<spargere>> and derivatives"}, {{term = "ergere", prefixes = {"^", "ad", "ri"}}, "è,èrsi,èrto:#érto", "<<ergere>>, <<adergere>>, <<riergere>>; but not any other verbs in ''-ergere''"}, {{term = "ergere", prefixes = {"m", "sp", "t"}}, "è,èrsi,èrso", "<<mergere>> and derivatives; <<spergere>> and derivatives; <<tergere>> and derivatives"}, -- vergere: literary, rare, defective in the past participle {"convergere", "è,convèrsi,-", "<<convergere>>"}, {"divergere", "è,-,-", "<<divergere>>"}, {{term = "orgere", prefixes = {"c", "p"}}, "ò:ó,òrsi:órsi,òrto:órto", "<<accorgersi>> and derivatives; <<scorgere>>; <<porgere>> and derivatives"}, {"sorgere", "ó:ò,sórsi:sòrsi,sórto:sòrto", "<<sorgere>>"}, {"surgere", "ù,sùrsi,sùrto", "<<surgere>> and derivatives"}, {"urgere", "ù,-,-", "<<urgere>>"}, -- turgere: poetic, defective {"scegliere", "é\\scélgo,scélsi,scélto", "<<scegliere>> and derivatives"}, -- svegliere: archaic form of svellere, defective {{term = "ogliere", prefixes = {"c", "sci", "t"}}, "ò\\òlgo,òlsi,òlto", "<<cogliere>> and derivatives; <<sciogliere>> and derivatives; <<togliere>> and derivatives"}, {"adempiere", "é,adempiéi.pres2p:adempìte", "<<adempiere>>; see also <<adempire>> of the same meaning"}, -- Can't use é for present spec because stem:émpi specified; we'd get present #émpo {"empiere", "é\\émpio,empìi:empiéi[less common],empiùto.stem:émpi", "<<empiere>>, <<riempiere>>; but not <<adempiere>>, which borrows fewer forms from <<adempire>>; see also <<empire>>, <<riempire>> of the same meaning"}, {"compiere", [=[ ó:ò,compiéi:compìi[more common].pres2p:compiéte:compìte[more common]. imperf:compiévo:compìvo[more common]. impsub:compiéssi:compìssi[more common]. fut:compierò:compirò[more common] ]=], "<<compiere>>, <<ricompiere>>; see also <<compire>>, <<ricompire>>"}, -- calere: rare/literary, defective {"valere", "vàlgo^à,vàlsi,vàlso.fut:varrò", "<<valere>> and derivatives"}, {"eccellere", "è+,eccèlsi,-", "<<eccellere>>"}, {"pellere", "è,pùlsi,pùlso", "verbs in ''-pellere'' (<<espellere>>, <<impellere>>, <<propellere>>, <<repellere>>, etc."}, {"avellere", "è,vùlsi,vùlso", "<<avellere>>"}, -- per Canepari, svèlto or svélto but just divèlto {"svellere", "è\\è:svèlgo,svèlsi,svèlto:svélto", "<<svellere>>, <<disvellere>>"}, {"divellere", "è\\è:divèlgo,divèlsi,divèlto", "<<divellere>>"}, -- vellere, evellere, convellere: literary or archaic, defective -- tollere: archaic, unclear conjugation -- attollere, estollere: literary, defective -- colere: archaic, defective {"dolere", "dòlgo^duòle,dòlsi,+.fut:dorrò", "<<dolere>> and derivatives"}, {"solere", "sòglio^suòle,soléi[rare],sòlito.pres1p:sogliàmo.fut:-.imp:-.presp:-", "<<solere>>"}, {"volere", [=[ -,vòlli. presrow:vòglio,vuòi,vuòle,vogliàmo,voléte,vògliono. fut:vorrò. improw:vògli,vogliàte ]=], "<<volere>> and derivatives"}, {"gemere", "è", "<<gemere>> and derivatives"}, {"fremere", "è", "<<fremere>>"}, -- premere, spremere: regular; past historic prèssi and past participle prèsso archaic {"premere", "è", "<<premere>>, <<spremere>> and derivatives"}, {"temere", "è:#é", "<<temere>> and derivatives"}, {"redimere", "ì,redènsi,redènto", "<<redimere>>"}, {"perplimere", "ì,+,perplèsso:perplimùto[rare]", "<<perplimere>>"}, {"dirimere", "ì+,+[rare],-", "<<dirimere>>"}, {"primere", "ì,prèssi,prèsso", "verbs in ''-primere'' (<<comprimere>>, <<deprimere>>, <<esprimere>>, <<imprimere>>, etc."}, {"esimere", "ì,+,-", "<<esimere>>"}, -- presummere: obsolete, unclear conjugation -- promere: archaic, defective {"sumere", "ù,sùnsi,sùnto", "verbs in ''-sumere'' (<<assumere>>, <<consumere>>, <<presumere>>, <<resumere>>, etc.)"}, {"rimanere", "rimàngo^à,rimàsi,rimàsto.fut:rimarrò", "<<rimanere>>"}, {"permanere", "permàngo^à,permàsi,-.fut:permarrò", "<<permanere>>"}, {"tenere", "tèngo^tiène:tiéne,ténni:tènni.fut:terrò", "<<tenere>> and derivatives"}, {"spegnere", "é:#è\\spéngo:#spèngo,spénsi:#spènsi,spénto:#spènto", "<<spegnere>> and derivatives"}, -- accignere, scignere, pignere and derivatives, strignere and derivatives, ugnere: all obsolete, unclear conjugation -- Past participle cernìto; lacking in derivatives or rare -crèto. Both cerné and cernétte/cernètte -- are very rare, with the former actually occuring more often (same in derivatives). {{term = "cernere", prefixes = {"^", "ri"}}, "è,-,cernìto", "<<cernere>> and derivatives"}, {{term = "cernere", prefixes = {"con", "dis"}}, "è,-,-", "<<concernere>>, <<discernere>> and derivatives"}, {"secernere", "è+,+,secrèto", "<<secernere>>"}, -- Hoepli specifically says that [[sapere]] lacks a present participle, hence [[sapiente]] isn't it {"sapere", [=[ -,sèppi. presrow:sò*,sài,sà*,sappiàmo,sapéte,sànno. fut:saprò. sub:sàppia. improw:sàppi,sappiàte. presp:- ]=], "<<sapere>> and derivatives"}, {"rompere", "ó,rùppi,rótto", "<<rompere>> and derivatives"}, -- scerpere: archaic/obsolete, unclear conjugation {"serpere", "è,-,-", "<<serpere>>"}, {{term = "parere", prefixes = {"^", "ap", "s", "tras"}}, "pàio^à,pàrvi,pàrso.pres1p:paiàmo.fut:parrò.imp:-.presp:parvènte", "<<parere>> and derivatives"}, -- sofferere: archaic/obsolete, unclear conjugation -- cherere, chierere: archaic/obsolete, unclear conjugation {"correre", "ó,córsi,córso", "<<correre>> and derivatives"}, -- comburere: literary, defective -- furere: archaic rare, unclear conjugation {{term = "essere", prefixes = {"^", "ri"}}, [=[ è\-,-,stàto. presrow:sóno,sèi,è!,siàmo,siéte:#siète,sóno. imperfrow:èro,èri,èra,eravàmo,eravàte,èrano. phisrow:fùi,fósti,fù*,fùmmo,fóste,fùrono. fut:sarò. sub:sìa. impsub:fóssi. improw:sìi,siàte. presp:- ]=], "<<essere>>, <<riessere>>"}, {"tessere", "è,tesséi,+", "<<tessere>> and derivatives"}, {"mietere", "è:é,mietéi,+", "<<mietere>>"}, {"ripetere", "è", "<<ripetere>>"}, {"competere", "è,competéi,-", "<<competere>> and derivatives"}, {"potere", [=[ -,potéi:potètti[less common]. presrow:pòsso,puòi,può*,possiàmo,potéte,pòssono. fut:potrò. imp:- ]=], "<<potere>> and derivatives"}, {"cotere", "ò,còssi,còsso", "verbs in ''-cotere'' (popular or poetic variant of verbs in ''-cuotere'', such as <<percuotere>> and <<scuotere>>)"}, {"cuotere", "ò,còssi,còsso.unstressed_stem:cuote:cote[now rare]", "verbs in ''-cuotere'' (<<percuotere>>, <<scuotere>>, etc.)"}, {"^vertere", "è,+,-", "<<vertere>> (but not any derivatives)"}, -- divertere, convertere, etc.: archaic, unclear conjugation -- avertere: archaic -- Treccani and Hoepli say [[controvertere]] is conjugated as if it were ''controvertire'', but Google -- disagrees except for ''controvertito'' (which is rare). {"controvertere", "è,-,-", "<<controvertere>>"}, {"estrovertere", "è,-,estrovèrso:estrovertìto[less common]", "<<estrovertere>>"}, -- see also introvertire of the same meaning, which has -ire forms {"introvertere", "è,-,introvèrso", "<<introvertere>>"}, {"sistere", "ì,+,sistìto", "verbs in ''-sistere'' (<<consistere>>, <<esistere>>, <<insistere>>, <<resistere>>, etc.)"}, {"battere", "à", "<<battere>> and derivatives"}, {"flettere", "è,+:flèssi[less common],flèsso", "<<flettere>> and derivatives; <<riflettere>> needs an override to handle differences in the past participle"}, {"mettere", "é,mìsi,mésso", "<<mettere>> and derivatives"}, {"nettere", "é:#è,+:néssi[less common]:#nèssi[less common],nésso:#nèsso", "verbs in ''-nettere'' (<<annettere>>, <<connettere>> and derivatives)"}, {"fottere", "ó", "<<fottere>> and derivatives"}, -- Hoepli says [[incutere]] has past historic ''incutéi'' or ''incùssi''; DOP says "[[incussi]] (non [[incutei]])"; -- Treccani agrees with DOP, saying [[incutere]] is conjugated like [[discutere]] {"cutere", "ù,cùssi,cùsso", "verbs in ''-cutere'' (<<discutere>>, <<escutere>>, <<incutere>>)"}, {"stinguere", "ì,stìnsi,stìnto", "verbs in ''-stinguere'' (<<estinguere>>, <<distinguere>> and derivatives)"}, -- delinquere, relinquere: defective, rare or poetic {"riavere", [=[ -,rièbbi:riébbi. presrow:riò,riài,rià,riabbiàmo,riavéte,riànno. fut:riavrò. sub:riàbbia. improw:riàbbi,riabbiàte. presp:riavènte:riabbiènte ]=], "<<riavere>>"}, {"^avere", [=[ -,èbbi:ébbi. presrow:hò*,hài,hà*,abbiàmo,avéte,hànno. fut:avrò. sub:àbbia. improw:àbbi,abbiàte. presp:avènte:abbiènte ]=], "<<avere>> (but not derivative <<riavere>>)"}, -- bevere: archaic; handled under bere below {"ricevere", "é", "<<ricevere>> and derivatives"}, {"scrivere", "ì,scrìssi,scrìtto", "<<scrivere>> and derivatives"}, {{term = "vivere", prefixes = {"con", "soprav"}}, "ì,vìssi,vissùto.fut:vivrò:+", "<<convivere>>, <<sopravvivere>>"}, {"vivere", "ì,vìssi,vissùto.fut:vivrò", "<<vivere>>, <<rivivere>>"}, {"sciolvere", "ò,+:sciòlsi,sciòlto", "<<sciolvere>>, <<asciolvere>>"}, -- solvere: archaic {"solvere", "ò,sòlsi,sòlto", "verbs in ''-solvere'' (<<assolvere>>, <<dissolvere>>, <<risolvere>>, etc.)"}, -- volvere, svolvere, etc. archaic {"volvere", "ò,vòlsi:+,volùto", "<<devolvere>>, <<evolvere>>"}, {"dovere", [=[ dèvo:dévo:dèbbo:débbo^dève:déve.pres1p:dobbiàmo. fut:dovrò. sub:dèbba:débba. presp:-. imp:- ]=]}, {"piovere", "ò,piòvvi", "<<piovere>> and derivatives"}, -- movere and derivatives: archaic {"commuovere", "ò,commòssi,commòsso.unstressed_stem:commuove:commove"}, {"muovere", "ò,mòssi,mòsso.unstressed_stem:muove:move[now rare]"}, {"fervere", "è,+[rare],-"}, ---------------------------------------------- -ire verbs -------------------------------------------- -- NOTE: Does not include verbs whose only irregularity is a present participle in -iènte, e.g. [[ambire]], -- [[ubbidire]], [[impedire]], [[regredire]]/[[progredire]]/[[trasgredire]], [[spedire]], [[blandire]], -- and many others. -- ire: archaic, defective -- -- assorbire: assòrto as pp is archaic; list ò before +isc because it is much more common per Google Ngrams. {{term = "sorbire", prefixes = {"as", "ad", "de"}}, "ò:+isc.presp:+", "<<assorbire>>, <<adsorbire>>, rare <<desorbire>>; but not <<sorbire>>"}, -- folcire: rare, literary, defective: fólce, folcìsse {"escire", "è.presp:+", "<<escire>> and derivatives (archaic/popular for <<uscire>>)"}, {"uscire", "èsco", "<<uscire>> and derivatives"}, {"cucire", "cùcio^ù.presp:+", "<<cucire>> and derivatives"}, -- Treccani says sdrùcio/sdrùce forms are rare but Ngrams does not bear that out (relatively). {"sdrucire", "+isc:sdrùcio^+isc:ù.pres3p:+:sdrùcono.presp:+", "<<sdrucire>> and derivatives"}, -- redire, reddire: poetic, highly defective {"applaudire", "à:+isc[uncommon].presp:+", "<<applaudire>> and derivatives"}, -- Not technically necessary to enumerate the prefixes but we don't want accidental use of @ in verbs like -- [[accudire]], [[esaudire]], [[incrudire]] to trigger this. {{term = "udire", prefixes = {"^", "ri", "tra"}}, "òdo.fut:udrò:+.presp:+:udiènte", "<<udire>> and derivatives"}, -- gire: archaic, defective {"fuggire", "ù", "<<fuggire>> and derivatives"}, {"muggire", "+isc.pres3s:+:mùgge.pres3p:+:mùggono", "<<muggire>> and derivatives"}, {"assalire", "assàlgo:+isc[less common]^à+:+isc[less common]", "<<assalire>>"}, {"salire", "sàlgo^à.presp:+:saliènte", "<<salire>> and derivatives, except <<assalire>>"}, -- boglire: archaic, unclear conjugation {"seppellire", "+isc,+,sepólto:+", "<<seppellire>> and derivatives"}, {"sbollire", "+isc:ó", "<<sbollire>>"}, {"bollire", "ó", "<<bollire>> and derivatives, except <<sbollire>>"}, {"dormire", "ò.presp:+:dormiènte", "<<dormire>> and derivatives"}, {"venire", "vèngo^viène:viéne,vénni:vènni,venùto.fut:verrò.presp:veniènte", "<<venire>> and derivatives"}, {{term = "mpire", prefixes = {"ade", "co"}}, "+isc.ger:mpièndo.presp:mpiènte", "<<adempire>> and <<compire>>"}, {"empire", "émpio,+:empiéi[less common],+:empiùto[less common].ger:empièndo.presp:empiènte", "<<empire>> and <<riempire>>; not <<adempire>>, which has a more regular conjugation"}, {{term = "parire", prefixes = {"ap", "com"}}, "pàio:+isc^à:+isc,pàrvi:parìi[less common]:pàrsi[less common],pàrso", "<<apparire>>, <<comparire>> and derivatives; but note that <<comparire>> and <<scomparire>> need special treatment as different variant forms are associated with distinct meanings"}, {"^sparire", "+isc,spàrvi:sparìi[less common]:spàrsi[less common],sparìto", "<<sparire>>"}, {"disparire", "dispàio^à,dispàrvi", "<<disparire>>"}, {"trasparire", "traspàio:+isc^à+:+isc", "<<trasparire>>"}, {"inferire", "+isc,infèrsi,infèrto", "<<inferire>> in the meaning \"to inflict, to strike\" (a blow); use 'a/+isc' for other meanings"}, {"profferire", "+isc,+:proffèrsi,proffèrto", "<<profferire>>"}, -- perire: regular except in archaic/poetic usage pèro, etc. {"offrire", "ò,+:offèrsi[less common],offèrto.presp:offerènte", "<<offrire>>, <<soffrire>> and derivatives"}, {"morire", "muòio^muòre,+,mòrto.fut:+:morrò[literary].presp:+", "<<morire>> and derivatives (<<smorire>> has no past participle and needs an override)"}, {"aprire", "à,+:apèrsi,apèrto.presp:+", "<<aprire>> and derivatives"}, {"coprire", "ò,+:copèrsi,copèrto.presp:+", "<<coprire>> and derivatives"}, -- scovrire: archaic, unclear conjugation {"borrire", "+isc:ò.presp:+", "<<aborrire>>, <<abborrire>>"}, {"nutrire", "ù:+isc[less common].presp:nutriènte", "<<nutrire>> and derivatives"}, -- putrire: literary, rare -- Hoepli doesn't mention present participle mentente but it probably exists {"^mentire", "é:#è:+isc", "<<mentire>>; but not derivative <<smentire>>, nor <<sementire>> or <<intormentire>>, all of which are regular in -isc-"}, {"pentire", "è.presp:-", "<<pentirsi>> and derivatives"}, -- sentire has rare sentènte and adjective-only senziènte {{term = "sentire", prefixes = {"^", "^ri", "intra"}}, "è.presp:-", "<<sentire>>, <<risentire>>, <<intrasentire>>; but not any other derivatives"}, -- presentire has presenziènte but it's rare and literary {"presentire", "è+:+isc.presp:-", "<<presentire>>"}, {"sentire", "è.presp:senziènte", "derivatives of <<sentire>> other than <<sentire>> itself, <<risentire>>, <<intrasentire>> and <<presentire>>, e.g. <<assentire>>, <<consentire>>, <<dissentire>>"}, {"inghiottire", "+isc[in the literal meaning]:ó[figuratively]"}, -- See also introvertere of the same meaning, which has -ere forms. {"introvertire", "+isc,-,+", "<<introvertire>>"}, -- Many of the verbs in -vertire have additional archaic, literary, etc. forms; e.g. [[convertire]] has archaic or dialectal +isc forms, archaic or literary past historic convèrsi, archaic or literary past participle convèrso. {"vertire", "è", "verbs in ''-vertire'' other than <<introvertire>>, e.g. <<avvertire>>, <<convertire>>, <<divertire>>, <<invertire>>, <<pervertire>>, <<sovvertire>>"}, {"compartire", "+isc:à", "<<compartire>> and derivatives"}, {"partire", "à", "<<partire>>, <<dipartire>>, <<ripartire>> in the intransitive usage (use 'a/+isc' for the transitive usage)"}, {"^sortire", "ò", "<<sortire>> in the intransitive usage (use 'a/+isc' for the transitive usage); not any derivatives"}, {"vestire", "è", "<<vestire>> and derivatives"}, {"putire", "+isc:ù", "<<putire>>"}, {"languire", "+isc:à", "<<languire>>"}, {"eseguire", "+isc:é:è", "<<eseguire>> and derivatives"}, -- [r:DiPI:eseguo] {"seguire", "é:è", "<<seguire>> and derivatives; but not <<eseguire>> and derivatives"}, -- [r:DiPI:seguo], [r:DiPI:conseguo], [r:DiPI:inseguo], [r:DiPI:perseguo], [r:DiPI:proseguo], [r:DiPI:susseguo] -- costruire (archaic construire); costrùssi, costrùtto given as "literary" by Hoepli but "archaic" by DOP, which -- seems closer to the truth. Per Anna Thornton in ''Morphological Autonomy'' p. 368, [[costrutto]] is -- no longer recognized as a pp in modern Italian but only as a noun. {"servire", "è", "<<servire>> and derivatives (although not <<asservire>>, which should use 'a/+isc')"}, ------------------------------------------- syncopated verbs ----------------------------------------- -- affare: 3rd person only, no pp, affà -- assuefare, confare, contraffare, disassuefare, dissuefare, mansuefare, putrefare, rarefare, rifare, sopraffare, -- strafare, stupefare, torrefare, tumefare: like fare, written assuefò/assuefà, confò/confà, etc. will be -- handled automatically as the accent removal is late and dependent on the number of syllables in the word. -- malfare: infinitive only -- sfare: like fare {"disfare", [=[ -,disféci,disfàtto. stem:disfàce. presrow:disfàccio[now less common]:disfò[archaic or Tuscan]:dìsfo[sometimes proscribed, now more common],disfài[now less common]:dìsfi[sometimes proscribed, now more common],disfà[now less common]:dìsfa[sometimes proscribed, now more common],disfacciàmo[now less common]:disfiàmo[sometimes proscribed, now more common],disfàte,disfànno[now less common]:dìsfano[sometimes proscribed, now more common]. sub:disfàccia[now less common]:dìsfi[sometimes proscribed, now more common]. fut:disfarò[now less common]:disferò[sometimes proscribed, now more common]. imp:disfài[now less common]:disfà'[now less common]:dìsfa[sometimes proscribed, now more common] ]=], "<<disfare>>, <<soddisfare>> (<<sodisfare>>)"}, -- liquefare: same as fare except for proscribed variants e.g. lìquefo, lìquefa {"fare", [=[ -,féci,fàtto. stem:fàce. presrow:fàccio,fài,fà*,facciàmo,fàte,fànno. sub:fàccia. imp:fài:fà' ]=], "<<fare>> and derivatives; but not <<disfare>> or <<soddisfare>>"}, {"trarre", "tràggo,tràssi,tràtto.stem:tràe"}, -- archaic variant of trarre, with some different present tense (hence subjunctive/imperative) forms {"traggere", "à\\tràggo^tràgge,tràssi,tràtto.pres1p:traggiàmo.fut:trarrò.stem:tràe"}, {{term = "bere", prefixes = {"^", "ri", "tra"}}, "bévo,bévvi:bevétti.fut:berrò.stem:béve", "<<bere>>, <<strabere>>, <<trabere>>, <<ribere>>; but not verbs in ''-combere'', archaic <<ebere||to weaken>>, archaic <<iubere||to command, to order>> or obsolete <<assorbere>>"}, {"bevere", "é,bévvi:bevétti.fut:berrò", "<<bevere>> and derivatives (archaic variant of <<bere>>)"}, -- benedire (strabenedire, ribenedire), maledire (stramaledire, rimaledire) {{term = "dire", prefixes = {"bene", "male", "mala"}}, "+,dìssi:dìi[popular],détto.stem:dìce.pres2p:dìte.imperf:+:dìvo[popular]", "<<benedire>>, <<maledire>> and derivatives"}, -- dire, ridire {{term = "dire", prefixes = {"^", "ri"}}, "+,dìssi,détto.stem:dìce.pres2p:dìte.imp:dì':dì*!", "<<dire>>, <<ridire>>; not any other derivatives"}, -- addire, contraddire, ricontraddire, indire, interdire, predire, etc. {"dire", "+,dìssi,détto.stem:dìce.pres2p:dìte", "derivatives of <<dire>> other than <<benedire>>, <<maledire>> and <<ridire>>"}, -- dicere: archaic; not included due to multiple variants {"porre", "ó\\póngo,pósi,pósto:pòsto.stem:póne"}, -- archaic variant of porre {"ponere", "ó\\póngo,pósi,pósto:pòsto.fut:porrò"}, -- condurre, etc. {"durre", "+,dùssi,dótto.stem:dùce"}, -- archaic variant of -durre {"ducere", "ù,dùssi,dótto.fut:durrò"}, } return export d4xeztlwqetupa358brlbme5fekmjds 828 220019 394223 300651 2026-05-09T13:30:20Z 咽頭べさ 33 394223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:ar-pronunciation/testcases|run_tests|comments=+}} <includeonly> {{module cat|ar}} </includeonly> psvaw57l6l65qox9pct5by2gzqf9v52 14 294014 394217 2026-05-09T13:13:17Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာရဗဳ]]" 394217 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာရဗဳ]] as7f28r0bi3z0teqzderhbox9oqqqop 0 294015 394218 2026-05-09T13:17:33Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==သူမာရေဝ်ယာန်== ====နာမ်==== {{head|sux|နာမ်|tr=miritum}} # ပွမပစူဒယိုၚ်။" 394218 wikitext text/x-wiki ==သူမာရေဝ်ယာန်== ====နာမ်==== {{head|sux|နာမ်|tr=miritum}} # ပွမပစူဒယိုၚ်။ 6xy03mctbrpa701zv40ljntt9bmeq0l 0 294016 394219 2026-05-09T13:20:53Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာရမေအဳ== ====နာမ်==== {{head|arc|နာမ်|tr=mūradyā}} # ပွမပစူဒယိုၚ်။" 394219 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာရမေအဳ== ====နာမ်==== {{head|arc|နာမ်|tr=mūradyā}} # ပွမပစူဒယိုၚ်။ t7t17saltx6vnqnsd3qhzudk9bkzrhh 10 294017 394220 2026-05-09T13:22:24Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "<includeonly>{{#invoke:ar-pronunciation|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 394220 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:ar-pronunciation|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> j01jolmoffus765mo1129c1a81lew9j 10 294018 394221 2026-05-09T13:24:25Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|Module:ar-pronunciation}} This template automatically provides pronunciation info, specifically phonemic IPA, for Arabic terms. Manual overrides for regional phonetic pronunciations and audio are also supported. ==Parameters== ; {{para|1}} : The respelling(s) or Arabic term(s) for the pronunciation. Multiple terms should be comma-separated. If omitted, the name of the current page..." 394221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|Module:ar-pronunciation}} This template automatically provides pronunciation info, specifically phonemic IPA, for Arabic terms. Manual overrides for regional phonetic pronunciations and audio are also supported. ==Parameters== ; {{para|1}} : The respelling(s) or Arabic term(s) for the pronunciation. Multiple terms should be comma-separated. If omitted, the name of the current page is used. Details include: :* '''Auto-detection''': Vocalized Arabic script is treated as the source for IPA generation. Any term containing Latin characters ({{cd|a-z}}, {{cd|A-Z}}) is automatically treated as a '''transliteration override'''. :* Use {{cd|#}} to explicitly indicate the pagename. :* Use {{cd|-}} to suppress the display of any pronunciation. :* ''Inline modifiers'' may follow a given term to add metadata. Example: {{cd|كِتَاب<q:rare>,#<a:formal>}}. The following modifiers are recognized: ::* {{cd|<a:...>}}: Accent qualifiers to display before the pronunciation (as with {{tl|a}}). ::* {{cd|<aa:...>}}: Accent qualifiers to display after the pronunciation. ::* {{cd|<q:...>}}: Plain qualifiers to display before the pronunciation (as with {{tl|q}}). ::* {{cd|<qq:...>}}: Plain qualifiers to display after the pronunciation. ::* {{cd|<ref:...>}}: References to display after the pronunciation. ; {{para|a}} or {{para|audios}} : A list of general audio files from Commons separated by semicolon. The character {{cd|#}} is used as a shorthand for the page title. The text of the audio may be given with the inline modifier {{cd|<text:...>}}, and in there {{cd|#}} stands for the page title. To override the default caption (''Audio: ''), use {{cd|<cap:...>}}. ; {{para|ph}} : Manual regional phonetic IPA. Pairs of region and IPA are separated by semicolons ({{cd|;}}). The region and IPA itself are separated by a colon ({{cd|:}}). :* If multiple regions share the same IPA, separate them with a comma in the region part: {{para|ph|Iraq,Persian Gulf:kɪˈt̪ɑːb}}. :* Audio files can be associated with a regional IPA line using the inline modifier {{cd|<a:AUDIO_FILE>}}. Use {{cd|#}} for the page title. Example: {{para|ph|Egypt:keˈtæːb<a:Ar-eg-#.ogg>}}. ; {{para|ann}} : An annotation to display before the pronunciation. Use {{cd|+}} as a placeholder for the Arabic term(s). Example: {{para|ann=Vocalized: +}}. ==Examples== ===Basic examples=== {{tl|ar-pr}} on {{m|ar|كِتَاب}} (automatic phonemic IPA): {{ar-pr|كِتَاب|pagename=كِتَاب}} ===Latin Transliteration=== {{tl|ar-pr|kitāb}} (auto-detected as transliteration): {{ar-pr|kitāb|pagename=كِتَاب}} ===Regional Phonetic IPA=== {{tl|ar-pr|كِتَاب|ph=Egypt:keˈtæːb;Hijaz:kɪˈt̪aːb}} (multiple regional overrides): {{ar-pr|كِتَاب|ph=Egypt:keˈtæːb;Hijaz:kɪˈt̪aːb|pagename=كِتَاب}} ===Regional Audio=== {{tl|ar-pr|كِتَاب|ph=Egypt:keˈtæːb<a:Ar-كتاب.ogg>;Iraq,Persian Gulf:kɪˈt̪ɑːb<a:Ar-كتاب.ogg>}} (inline regional audio): {{ar-pr|كِتَاب|ph=Egypt:keˈtæːb<a:Ar-كتاب.ogg>;Iraq,Persian Gulf:kɪˈt̪ɑːb<a:Ar-كتاب.ogg>|pagename=كِتَاب}} ===Annotation=== {{tl|ar-pr|كِتَاب|ann=Vocalized: +}} (annotation with placeholder): {{ar-pr|كِتَاب|ann=Vocalized: +|pagename=كِتَاب}} ===Inline modifiers=== {{tl|ar-pr|كِتَاب<q:rare><ref:https://example.com>}} (qualifier and reference): {{ar-pr|كِتَاب<q:rare><ref:https://example.com>|pagename=كِتَاب}} <includeonly> {{tcat}} </includeonly> tqsbqk5a7fvwar70vvtq2621em4sipy 828 294019 394224 2026-05-09T13:31:38Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local tests = require("Module:UnitTests") local m_IPA = require("Module:ar-pronunciation") local function tag_IPA(IPA) return '<span class="IPA">' .. IPA .. '</span>' end local function not_Latin(text) return not string.find(text, "[a-z]") end local options = { display = tag_IPA, show_difference = true } function tests:check_output(term, expected, comment) options.comment = comment local is_Arabic = not_Latin(t..." 394224 Scribunto text/plain local tests = require("Module:UnitTests") local m_IPA = require("Module:ar-pronunciation") local function tag_IPA(IPA) return '<span class="IPA">' .. IPA .. '</span>' end local function not_Latin(text) return not string.find(text, "[a-z]") end local options = { display = tag_IPA, show_difference = true } function tests:check_output(term, expected, comment) options.comment = comment local is_Arabic = not_Latin(term) self:equals( is_Arabic and m_IPA.link(term) or term, m_IPA.toIPA(is_Arabic and { term = term } or { tr = term }, true), expected, options ) end function tests:test_Arabic() local examples = { { "طَبَّ", "tˤab.ba" }, { "رُوسِيَا", "ruː.si.jaː" }, { "أَنْتَ", "ʔan.ta" }, { "ذٰلِكَ", "ðaː.li.ka" }, { "صَغِير", "sˤa.ɣiːr" }, { "إِصْبَع", "ʔisˤ.baʕ" }, { "عَلَى", "ʕa.laː" }, { "جَزِيرَة", "d͡ʒa.ziː.ra" }, { "أَرْبَعَة", "ʔar.ba.ʕa" }, { "حُبّ", "ħubb" }, { "عَرَبِيّ", "ʕa.ra.bijj" }, { "خَاصّ", "xaːsˤsˤ" }, { "خَاصَّة", "xaːsˤ.sˤa" }, { "يَوْمُ ٱلِٱثْنَيْنِ", "jaw.mu liθ.naj.ni", "" }, { "تُدُووِلَ", "tu.duː.wi.la" }, "Allah", { "اللّٰه", "alˤ.lˤaːh", "special case" }, { "عَبْدُ اللّٰه", "ʕab.du‿lˤ.lˤaːh", "special case" }, { "لِلّٰه", "lil.laːh", "special case of the special case" }, "Phrases", { "الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السُّعُودِيَّة", "al.mam.la.ka‿l.ʕa.ra.bij.ja‿s.su.ʕuː.dij.ja" }, {"مَعَ اَلسَّلَامَة", "ma.ʕa‿s.sa.laː.ma"}, { "لٰكِنَّ الرَّئِيسَ كَانَ أَذْكَى مِمَّا تَوَقَّعَ النَّاسُ", "laː.kin.na‿r.ra.ʔiː.sa kaː.na ʔað.kaː mim.maː ta.waq.qa.ʕa‿n.naː.su" }, { "بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ", "bis.mi‿l.laː.hi‿r.raħ.maː.ni‿r.ra.ħiː.mi" }, { "إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰهُ", "ʔin ʃaː.ʔa‿lˤ.lˤaː.hu" }, { "بِٱلْهَنَاءِ وَٱلشِّفَاء", "bil.ha.naː.ʔi waʃ.ʃi.faːʔ" }, "vowel shortening", { "فِي الْبَيْت", "fi‿l.bajt" }, { "مَا ٱسْمُك", "ma‿s.muk" }, { "ذُو الْقَرْنَيْن", "ðu‿l.qar.najn" }, { "إِلَّا الله", "ʔil.la‿lˤ.lˤaːh" }, { "فِي ٱتِّحَادِنَا", "fi‿t.ti.ħaː.di.naː" }, { "فِي الله", "fi‿l.laːh" }, --[[ Copy the following to add more examples: { "", "" }, ]] } self:iterate(examples, "check_output") end function tests:test1_transliteration() local examples = { { "tilivizyōn", "ti.li.viz.joːn" }, { "ʾinglīziyy", "ʔinɡliː.zijj" }, --[[ Copy the following to add more examples: { "", "" }, ]] } self:iterate(examples, "check_output") end return tests 9sjf08wqksc7y1ucvbzjx8e993wo9uy 14 294020 394225 2026-05-09T13:37:16Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာရဗဳဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]]" 394225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာရဗဳဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]] j24hw6cqzj0bh5clzo72bd3gd5gnked 0 294021 394226 2026-05-09T13:41:08Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مَرَادِيّ}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-head|nounf|مَرَادِيّ|f-p}} # {{plural of|ar|مُرْدِيّ}}" 394226 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مَرَادِيّ}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-head|nounf|مَرَادِيّ|f-p}} # {{plural of|ar|مُرْدِيّ}} 1etfrwqsizvhwmqdooc447rwymtfbye 0 294022 394227 2026-05-09T13:44:29Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِرْدًى}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِرْدًى|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}}" 394227 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِرْدًى}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِرْدًى|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}} 0f78q3b6koe216fx3acco5avwlspyxp 0 294023 394228 2026-05-09T13:46:04Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِدْرًى}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِدْرًى|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}}" 394228 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِدْرًى}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِدْرًى|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}} i93ryl8ffmt36g19h39chj61godg40z 0 294024 394229 2026-05-09T13:47:11Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِدْرَاة}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِدْرَاة|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}}" 394229 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{ar-IPA|مِدْرَاة}} ===နာမ်=== {{ar-noun|مِدْرَاة|m}} # {{alt form|ar|مُرْدِيّ}} fe6lkpmmag6l6rsmdaw3l1vfjrpu2td 0 294025 394230 2026-05-09T13:52:50Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{ar-head|adjf|مُدِرُّون}} # {{inflection of|ar|مُدِرّ||m|s}}" 394230 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{ar-head|adjf|مُدِرُّون}} # {{inflection of|ar|مُدِرّ||m|s}} 3tjb6gngqlk3concnc96i5bf1d8bbex 0 294026 394231 2026-05-09T13:54:52Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ar=}}== ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{ar-head|adjf|مُدِرَّات}} # {{feminine plural of|ar|مُدِرّ}}" 394231 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ar=}}== ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{ar-head|adjf|مُدِرَّات}} # {{feminine plural of|ar|مُدِرّ}} out1oi4oj4uv8wmykn0jcle7ivcapjf 14 294027 394232 2026-05-09T13:57:19Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာရဗဳ]]" 394232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာရဗဳ]] as7f28r0bi3z0teqzderhbox9oqqqop 0 294028 394233 2026-05-09T14:01:35Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{compound|en|mud|brick}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmʌd.bɹɪk/}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|~}} # ဍိုတ်ခရီု၊ ဍိုတ်တိပဠေတ်။" 394233 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{compound|en|mud|brick}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmʌd.bɹɪk/}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|~}} # ဍိုတ်ခရီု၊ ဍိုတ်တိပဠေတ်။ nmno9aza1rv1k860kae5hnzd3c3oanh 0 294029 394235 2026-05-09T14:03:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mudbrick}}" 394235 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mudbrick}} myskgg20gv68y4jvmw481d9wvy26exx 0 294030 394236 2026-05-09T14:05:29Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|madara}} ==သလဝ်ဝေန်နဳယျာ== {{wp|sk:+ (priezvisko)}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{sk-IPA}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{sk-proper noun|m-pr|f=Maďarová}} # {{surname|sk|g=m}}" 394236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|madara}} ==သလဝ်ဝေန်နဳယျာ== {{wp|sk:+ (priezvisko)}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{sk-IPA}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{sk-proper noun|m-pr|f=Maďarová}} # {{surname|sk|g=m}} owfevyyfsfa2gjtdf92ndwjq4k7cagr 0 294031 394237 2026-05-09T14:06:47Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==သလဝ်ဝေန်နဳယျာ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{sk-IPA}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{sk-proper noun|m-pr|m=Maďara}} # {{surname|sk|g=f}}" 394237 wikitext text/x-wiki ==သလဝ်ဝေန်နဳယျာ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{sk-IPA}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{sk-proper noun|m-pr|m=Maďara}} # {{surname|sk|g=f}} 3eoig9fjtcsryhmbt3o751vevnw0lez 0 294032 394238 2026-05-09T14:08:20Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|madara|Madara|mãdara|Maďara}} ==လပ်ဗဳယာ== ===နာမ်=== {{head|lv|noun form|g=f}} # {{infl of|lv|madara||loc|s}}" 394238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|madara|Madara|mãdara|Maďara}} ==လပ်ဗဳယာ== ===နာမ်=== {{head|lv|noun form|g=f}} # {{infl of|lv|madara||loc|s}} bitimhi0m6rjg97bj22facf629p3p1o 0 294033 394239 2026-05-09T14:09:54Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|madara|Madara|madarā|Maďara}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{lb|pt|obsolete}} {{abbreviation of|pt|mandara}} ===ကြိယာ ၂ === {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{pt-verb form of|mãdar}}" 394239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|madara|Madara|madarā|Maďara}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{lb|pt|obsolete}} {{abbreviation of|pt|mandara}} ===ကြိယာ ၂ === {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{pt-verb form of|mãdar}} 8kr04cmzgtjpfej1zropuby18ta9355 0 294034 394240 2026-05-09T14:14:37Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|mandará|mandarà}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # {{alt form|en|mandarah}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aaadmnr|Maranda|Narmada|Ramadan|mardana}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1//3|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1//3|s|impf|subj}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===က..." 394240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|mandará|mandarà}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # {{alt form|en|mandarah}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aaadmnr|Maranda|Narmada|Ramadan|mardana}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1//3|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1//3|s|impf|subj}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|gl|verb form}} # {{gl-verb form of|mandar}} ==ဂျပါန်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|まんだら}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alter|pt|mãdara||obsolete|abbreviation}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{rhymes|pt|aɾɐ|s=3}} * {{hyph|pt|man|da|ra}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{pt-verb form of|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{es-pr}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|es|verb form}} # {{es-verb form of|mandar}} mvz9wfic64v2o9wydg49158g2sjtsxy 0 294035 394241 2026-05-09T14:20:26Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|mandarás}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mandara}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aaadmnrs|Marandas|Ramadans|mardanas}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||2|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||2|s|impf|subj}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===ကြိယ..." 394241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|mandarás}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mandara}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aaadmnrs|Marandas|Ramadans|mardanas}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||2|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||2|s|impf|subj}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|gl|verb form}} # {{gl-verb form of|mandar}} ==လာဒေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|lld|verb form}} # {{inflection of|lld|mander||2|s|futr}} ==လပ်တေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|la|verb form|head=mandārās}} # {{inflection of|la|mandō||2|s|plup|actv|indc}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{pt-verb form of|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|es|verb form}} # {{es-verb form of|mandar}} 1hcotl3848fojw6ukhmng0vbsclgkkm 0 294036 394242 2026-05-09T15:19:39Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|ast|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{ast-verb-ar|mand}} # ကဵုအသံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဂကန်။ # သကဵုခံက်ၚုဟ် (သြန်)။ # သကဵုပ..." 394242 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|ast|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{ast-verb-ar|mand}} # ကဵုအသံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဂကန်။ # သကဵုခံက်ၚုဟ် (သြန်)။ # သကဵုပြံၚ်ဒၞာဲ။ ==ဗက်ခ်== ===နာမ်=== {{eu-noun|in}} # ယာတ်ဂရောပ်ဂတမုက်။ ==ဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|frp|la|mando|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{frp-verb}} # သကဵုကော်။ ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|gl|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|gl|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|gl|/manˈdaɾ/}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{gl-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|gl|ordenar}} # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ။ # မကဵုအာဲကၟာဲ။ #: {{syn|gl|dispoñer|outorgar|testar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|gl|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ #: {{syn|gl|arrebolar|tirar}} # သကဵုတက်။ #: {{syn|gl|dar|meter}} ==အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|id|ms|mandar}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{id-pr}} ===နာမ်=== {{id-noun}} # လေံဗလဲ။ ==အဳတလဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{it-pr|[àr]}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{it-verb|apoc=1}} # {{apoc of|it|mandare}} ==လာဒဳနဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|lad|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|lad|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{lad-verb|heb=מאנדאר}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|lad|embiar}} ==လပ်တေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|la|verb form}} # {{inflection of|la|mandō||1|s|futr|pasv|indc}} ==မာလ်တဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|mt|/ˈman.dar/}} * {{rhymes|mt|andar|s=2}} ===နာမ်=== {{mt-noun|g=m|p=mnadar}} # {{alternative form of|mt|mandra}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|oc|pro|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|oc|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-mandar.wav|a=Béarn}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{oc-verb|mand|ar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|oc|enviar}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်-ပဝ်တူဂြဳတြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|roa-opt|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|roa-opt|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|gl|mandar}} * {{desc|pt|mandar}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pro|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pro|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|oc|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|osp|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|osp|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|osp|enbiar}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|lad|mandar|מאנדאר}} * {{desc|es|mandar}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|မေ|၁၀}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alt|pt|mãdar||obsolete}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pt|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|pt|la|mandō|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-mandar.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{hyph|pt|man|dar}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{pt-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|pt|comandar|ordenar}} # သကဵုကော်နကဵုမဒှ်အရာမွဲမွဲ။ #: {{syn|pt|pedir}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ စကာအသံလ္ပာ်တေံလ္ပာ်ဏံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|pt|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ # သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ၊ သကဵုဒှ်ဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုစကာအသံ။ ==သပုၚ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|es|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|es|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{es-pr}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{es-verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|es|enviar}} # ကဵုအသံ။ #: {{syn|es|ordenar}} # သကဵုအာဂတ၊ မဒှ်အပ္ဍဲဂကန်ဖျန်၊ ဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|es|liderar}} # သကဵုစကာ။ # သကဵုကလိလောန်အာ။ #: {{syn|es|guiar}} ==ဝေနေတ်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|vec|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|vec|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ 2dgc37kk1tngwhzlbpwfp8hvrgae2xm 394250 394242 2026-05-09T15:57:12Z 咽頭べさ 33 394250 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|ast|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{ast-verb-ar|mand}} # ကဵုအသံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဂကန်။ # သကဵုခံက်ၚုဟ် (သြန်)။ # သကဵုပြံၚ်ဒၞာဲ။ ==ဗက်ခ်== ===နာမ်=== {{eu-noun|in}} # ယာတ်ဂရောပ်ဂတမုက်။ ==ဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|frp|la|mando|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{frp-verb}} # သကဵုကော်။ ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|gl|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|gl|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|gl|/manˈdaɾ/}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{gl-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|gl|ordenar}} # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ။ # မကဵုအာဲကၟာဲ။ #: {{syn|gl|dispoñer|outorgar|testar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|gl|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ #: {{syn|gl|arrebolar|tirar}} # သကဵုတက်။ #: {{syn|gl|dar|meter}} ==အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|id|ms|mandar}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{id-pr}} ===နာမ်=== {{id-noun}} # လေံဗလဲ။ ==အဳတလဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{it-pr|[àr]}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{it-verb|apoc=1}} # {{apoc of|it|mandare}} ==လာဒဳနဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|lad|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|lad|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{lad-verb|heb=מאנדאר}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|lad|embiar}} ==လပ်တေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|la|verb form}} # {{inflection of|la|mandō||1|s|futr|pasv|indc}} ==မာလ်တဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|mt|/ˈman.dar/}} * {{rhymes|mt|andar|s=2}} ===နာမ်=== {{mt-noun|g=m|p=mnadar}} # {{alternative form of|mt|mandra}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|oc|pro|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|oc|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-mandar.wav|a=Béarn}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{oc-verb|mand|ar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|oc|enviar}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်-ပဝ်တူဂြဳတြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|roa-opt|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|roa-opt|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|gl|mandar}} * {{desc|pt|mandar}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pro|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pro|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|oc|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|osp|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|osp|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|osp|enbiar}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|lad|mandar|מאנדאר}} * {{desc|es|mandar}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|မေ|၁၀}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alt|pt|mãdar||obsolete}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pt|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|pt|la|mandō|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-mandar.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{hyph|pt|man|dar}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{pt-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|pt|comandar|ordenar}} # သကဵုကော်နကဵုမဒှ်အရာမွဲမွဲ။ #: {{syn|pt|pedir}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ စကာအသံလ္ပာ်တေံလ္ပာ်ဏံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|pt|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ # သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ၊ သကဵုဒှ်ဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုစကာအသံ။ ==သပုၚ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|es|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|es|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{es-pr}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{es-verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|es|enviar}} # ကဵုအသံ။ #: {{syn|es|ordenar}} # သကဵုအာဂတ၊ မဒှ်အပ္ဍဲဂကန်ဖျန်၊ ဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|es|liderar}} # သကဵုစကာ။ # သကဵုကလိလောန်အာ။ #: {{syn|es|guiar}} ==ဝေနေတ်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|vec|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|vec|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ m8t6aaq4i7uf1u1ktvomxheb3k9jw44 394251 394250 2026-05-09T16:00:27Z 咽頭べさ 33 394251 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|ast|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{ast-verb-ar|mand}} # ကဵုအသံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဂကန်။ # သကဵုခံက်ၚုဟ် (သြန်)။ # သကဵုပြံၚ်ဒၞာဲ။ ==ဗက်ခ်== ===နာမ်=== {{eu-noun|in}} # ယာတ်ဂရောပ်ဂတမုက်။ ==ဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|frp|la|mando|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{frp-verb}} # သကဵုကော်။ ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|gl|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|gl|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|gl|/manˈdaɾ/}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{gl-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|gl|ordenar}} # သကဵုပကၚ်ရၚ်၊ အုပ်ဓုပ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ။ # မကဵုအာဲကၟာဲ။ #: {{syn|gl|dispoñer|outorgar|testar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|gl|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ #: {{syn|gl|arrebolar|tirar}} # သကဵုတက်။ #: {{syn|gl|dar|meter}} ==အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|id|ms|mandar}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{id-pr}} ===နာမ်=== {{id-noun}} # လေံဗလဲ။ ==အဳတလဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{it-pr|[àr]}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|it|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{apoc of|it|mandare}} ==လာဒဳနဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|lad|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|lad|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{lad-verb|heb=מאנדאר}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|lad|embiar}} ==လပ်တေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|la|verb form}} # {{inflection of|la|mandō||1|s|futr|pasv|indc}} ==မာလ်တဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|mt|/ˈman.dar/}} * {{rhymes|mt|andar|s=2}} ===နာမ်=== {{mt-noun|g=m|p=mnadar}} # {{alternative form of|mt|mandra}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|oc|pro|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|oc|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-mandar.wav|a=Béarn}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{oc-verb|mand|ar}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|oc|enviar}} ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်-ပဝ်တူဂြဳတြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|roa-opt|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|roa-opt|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|gl|mandar}} * {{desc|pt|mandar}} ==အောက်စဳတာန်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pro|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pro|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|oc|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|osp|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|osp|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|osp|enbiar}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|lad|mandar|מאנדאר}} * {{desc|es|mandar}} ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|မေ|၁၀}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alt|pt|mãdar||obsolete}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|pt|roa-opt|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|pt|la|mandō|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-mandar.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{hyph|pt|man|dar}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{pt-verb}} # မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|pt|comandar|ordenar}} # သကဵုကော်နကဵုမဒှ်အရာမွဲမွဲ။ #: {{syn|pt|pedir}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ စကာအသံလ္ပာ်တေံလ္ပာ်ဏံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|pt|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ # သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ၊ သကဵုဒှ်ဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုစကာအသံ။ ==သပုၚ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|es|osp|mandar}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|es|la|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{es-pr}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{es-verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|es|enviar}} # ကဵုအသံ။ #: {{syn|es|ordenar}} # သကဵုအာဂတ၊ မဒှ်အပ္ဍဲဂကန်ဖျန်၊ ဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|es|liderar}} # သကဵုစကာ။ # သကဵုကလိလောန်အာ။ #: {{syn|es|guiar}} ==ဝေနေတ်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|vec|la|mandāre}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|vec|verb}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ nw7idqkitciyepoyig6kurf5djpv2fo 4 294037 394243 2026-05-09T15:21:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{WOTD|mandar|ကြိယာ| မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|pt|comandar|ordenar}} # သကဵုကော်နကဵုမဒှ်အရာမွဲမွဲ။ #: {{syn|pt|pedir}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ စကာအသံလ္ပာ်တေံလ္ပာ်ဏံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|pt|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ # သက..." 394243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WOTD|mandar|ကြိယာ| မကဵုအသံ၊ မဓလီုဒၟံၚ်ကဵုဩဇာ။ #: {{syn|pt|comandar|ordenar}} # သကဵုကော်နကဵုမဒှ်အရာမွဲမွဲ။ #: {{syn|pt|pedir}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ စကာအသံလ္ပာ်တေံလ္ပာ်ဏံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်။ #: {{syn|pt|enviar}} # သကဵုပန်။ # သကဵုဒှ်ပ္ဍဲဩဇာ၊ သကဵုဒှ်ဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုစကာအသံ။|audio=LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-mandar.wav|မေ|၁၀}} g5opd8a11vbswming54176vi54llpg9 10 294038 394244 2026-05-09T15:25:21Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{documentation subpage}} ==Usage== This template is designed for the [[lemma]] of all Italian [[verb]]s. Only use this template for the verb's [[lemma]] entry. For non-lemma forms, use {{temp|head|it|verb form}}. This template should be placed in all Italian verb sections, immediately following the ===Verb=== section header. It provides the inflection line for the entry. The template also automatically categorizes..." 394244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} ==Usage== This template is designed for the [[lemma]] of all Italian [[verb]]s. Only use this template for the verb's [[lemma]] entry. For non-lemma forms, use {{temp|head|it|verb form}}. This template should be placed in all Italian verb sections, immediately following the ===Verb=== section header. It provides the inflection line for the entry. The template also automatically categorizes the entry in [[:Category:Italian verbs]] and the appropriate category for the auxiliary, e.g. [[:Category:Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary]]. As with other Wiktionary inflection templates, '''please do not use <code>subst:</code>'''. ===Quick reference=== {|class="wikitable" ! Page !! Example // Outcome // Comment |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|ordinare||to order}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/ó}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/ó|pagename=ordinare}} |- | For non-reflexive verbs, use ''AUX/VOWEL'' where ''AUX'' is <code>a</code> (for {{m|it|avere}}) or <code>e</code> (for {{m|it|essere}}) and the single-vowel spec ''VOWEL'' is the stressed vowel marked for quality. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|detestare||to detest}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/è+}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/è+|pagename=detestare}} |- | If the last two stem vowels are the same, add <code>-</code> to indicate the second-from-last (more leftmost) vowel and <code>+</code> to indicate the last (more rightmost) vowel. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|metallificare||to become metallic}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/ì-}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e/ì-|pagename=metallificare}} |- | The <code>-</code> indicates the second-from-last stem vowel is stressed. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|scricchiolare||to creak}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/ì--}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/ì--|pagename=scricchiolare}} |- | Use <code>--</code> if the third-from-last written stem vowel is stressed. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|abbandonarsi||to give up, to give in, to surrender}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|ó}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|ó|pagename=abbandonarsi}} |- | Omit the auxiliary for reflexive verbs, as it is always {{m|it|essere}}. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|partire||to depart}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/à}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e/à|pagename=partire}} |- | Regular ''-ire'' verbs that do not take the ''-isc'' infix use the same form as for ''-are'' verbs. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|punire||to punish}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/+isc}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/+isc|pagename=punire}} |- | Regular ''-ire'' verbs that take the ''-isc'' infix use <code>+isc</code>. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|temere||to fear}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/é}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/é|pagename=temere}} |- | Regular ''-ere'' verbs stressed on the ending use the same form as for ''-are'' verbs. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|abbattere||to throw down}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a\à+}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a\à+|pagename=abbattere}} |- | Regular ''-ere'' verbs stressed on the stem use a backslash in place of the slash. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|rendere||to give back}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a\@}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a\@|pagename=rendere}} |- | Most irregular verbs can be handled by specifying <code>@</code> instead of the single-vowel spec. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|scomparire||to disappear}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/scompàio,scompàrvi,scompàrso}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e/scompàio,scompàrvi,scompàrso|pagename=scomparire}} |- | Alternatively, if an irregular verb is not recognized by <code>@</code> it can be handled by specifying up to three principal parts (first-singular present, first-singular past historic, and past participle), separated by commas. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|piacere||to please}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/piàccio,piàcqui}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e/piàccio,piàcqui|pagename=piacere}} |- | You may omit principal parts that are formed regularly, or use <code>+</code>. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|scuotere||to shake}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a\ò,scòssi,scòtto}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a\ò,scòssi,scòtto|pagename=scuotere}} |- | Root-stressed verb in ''-ere''; use backslash, as above. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|scegliere||to choose}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a\é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a\é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto|pagename=scegliere}} |- | Root-stressed verb in ''-ere'' with irregular present tense. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|riempire||to choose}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/riémpio,riempìi,riempìto:riempiùto}}</nowiki></code> ''or'' <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/riémpio,+,+:riempiùto}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|a/riémpio,+,+:riempiùto|pagename=riempire}} |- | Separate multiple possibilities for a principal part with a colon. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|comparire||to appear, to manifest, to seem; (law) to appear before a tribunal}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/compàio:+isc[less common],compàrvi:comparìi[less common]:compàrsi[in the legal sense],compàrso}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e/compàio:+isc[less common],compàrvi:comparìi[less common]:compàrsi[in the legal sense],compàrso|pagename=comparire}} |- | Specify ''qualifiers'' following a given form to give usage notes, e.g. when there are multiple forms with differing uses. |- | rowspan=3| {{m|it|soccombere||to succumb}} || <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e\ó+,+,+[rare]}}</nowiki></code> |- | {{it-verb|e\ó+,+,+[rare]|pagename=soccombere}} |- | There is no requirement that multiple forms be present when qualifiers are used. |} ===Quick Reference (Tokens)=== Various tokens used by the template. {|class="wikitable" ! Token !! Description |- |<code>/</code> or <code>\</code> | Used in the AUX/VOWEL specification to indicate whether the verb is end-stressed or root-stressed respectively. ([[#Regular -are verbs|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>*</code> or <code>**</code> | An asterisk after the word indicates syntactic germination, or a double asterisk to indicate the syntactic germination is optional. ([[#Special considerations with single-syllable irregular forms|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>:</code> | To separate multiple possibilites/alternatives for a principal part, override or auxiliary verb ([[#Verbs whose auxiliary varies|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>.</code> and <code>:</code> | (dot-separated elements) The <code>.</code> is used to isolate dot-separated elements from each other and from the rest of the specification, i.e. from the ''AUX/VOWEL'' part. The <code>:</code> separates the element name from the value. e.g. <code><nowiki>.pp:sapùto.fut:saprò</nowiki></code> |- |<code>[&hellip;]</code> | Place bracketed text after a form to add a qualifier. e.g. (<code>[rare]</code>, <code>[less common]</code>, <code>[in the legal sense]</code>, etc&hellip; ([[#Irregular verb handling by specifying principal parts|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>+</code> | Use in place of a word form to request the default in a principal part or override spec. e.g. <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/riémpio,+,+:riempiùto}}</nowiki></code> ([[#Irregular verb handling by specifying principal parts|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>-</code> | Use in place of a word form to indicate corresponding forms are not used by this verb. e.g. to indicate the past participle is not used: <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|a/à,+,-}}</nowiki></code> ([[#Defective verbs|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>+isc</code> | Use in place of the single-vowel spec of an -ire verb that takes the -isc- infix such as {{m|it|finire}} (finisco). e.g. <code><nowiki>{{it-verb|e/+isc}}</nowiki></code> ([[#Regular -ire verbs|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, or <code>--</code> | Suffix to the single-vowel spec when there is more than one of the given vowels to indicate the rightmost (<code>+</code>), 2nd from right (<code>-</code>), or 3rd from right (<code>--</code>) should be stressed. |- |<code>!</code> (suffix) | An exclamation after a monosyllabic word indicates the accent is retained when written (a link to the accented form will be generated). ([[#Special considerations with single-syllable irregular forms|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>!</code>, <code>!!</code>, and <code>#</code> (prefixes) | Add a footnote (decorator) to a word form. "careful style" (<code>!</code>); "elevated style" <code>!!</code>; "traditional" <code>#</code> |- |<code><&hellip;></code> | To conjugate multi-word vowels. The angle brackets go after the word to be conjugated. Place the full spec inside the brackets ([[#Multiword expressions|Read more&hellip;]]) |- |<code>^</code> | used only with the 'pres' override in the form of <code>pres:PRES^PRES3S</code> to specify both 1st person & 3rd person singular with one directive. This is effectively the same as specifying both the <code>pres</code> and the <code>pres3s</code> overrides. |} ===Basic usage=== ===Regular ''-are'' verbs=== This template normally takes a single parameter, which specifies the auxiliary as well as the first singular present indicative, first singular past historic, and past participle. If you are not sure of the correct conjugation, you can leave out all parameters, and the headword will not have any inflected forms specified. However, this is not recommended. For regular ''-are'' verbs, the parameter normally takes the form ''AUX/VOWEL'', where ''AUX'' is either <code>a</code> for [[avere]] or <code>e</code> for [[essere]], and ''VOWEL'' (termed a ''single-vowel spec'') is the stressed vowel in the present singular with the appropriate stress mark (acute or grave) added to indicate the vowel quality (i.e. it should be one of <code>à è é ì ò ó ù</code>). For example, for {{m|it|ordinare||to order}}, use the following: :{{temp|it-verb|a/ó}} which produces {{it-verb|a/ó|pagename=ordinare}} Note that all the verb forms in the headword include an accent specifying the stress as well as the quality of stressed ''e'' and ''o'', even though Italian normally does not mark the stress or quality except when the stress is word-final. Accordingly, the verb forms are linked using the appropriate standard spelling without the extra stress marks. If the last two vowels of the stem are the same, add <code>-</code> after the vowel to specify that the leftmost of the two vowels (i.e. the [[antepenultimate]]) is stressed, and <code>+</code> to indicate that the rightmost of the two vowels (the [[penultimate]]) is stressed. For example, for {{m|it|detestare||to detest}}, use the following: :{{temp|it-verb|a/è+}} which produces {{it-verb|a/è+|pagename=detestare}} Meanwhile, for {{m|it|metallificare||to become metallic}}, use: :{{temp|it-verb|e/ì-}} which produces {{it-verb|e/ì-|pagename=metallificare}} If the third-from-last written vowel is stressed, as in {{m|it|scricchiolare||to creak}}, use <code>--</code> after the vowel: :{{temp|it-verb|a/ì--}} which produces {{it-verb|a/ì--|pagename=scricchiolare}} ===Regular ''-ire'' verbs=== For regular ''-ire'' verbs that do ''not'' take the ''-isc-'' infix, use the same form as for ''-are'' verbs. For example, for {{m|it|partire||to depart}}, present tense ''io pàrto'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|e/à}} which produces {{it-verb|e/à|pagename=partire}} For regular ''-ire'' verbs that take the ''-isc-'' infix, use <code>+isc</code> in place of the vowel spec. For example, for {{m|it|punire||to punish}}, present tense ''io punìsco'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|a/+isc}} which produces {{it-verb|a/+isc|pagename=punire}} ===Regular ''-ere'' verbs=== For regular ''-ere'' verbs stressed as ''-ére'', use the same form as above. For example, for {{m|it|temere|temére|to fear}}, present tense ''io témo'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|a/é}} which produces {{it-verb|a/é|pagename=temere}} Note that both alternative past historic forms are given in the output by default. For regular ''-ere'' verbs stressed on the stem, use a backslash in place of the slash (mnemonic: the forward slash leans to the right for the more rightward stress, and the backslash leans to the left for the more leftward stress). For example, for {{m|it|abbattere|abbàttere|to throw down, to knock down}}, present tense ''io abbàtto'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|a\à+}} which produces {{it-verb|a\à+|pagename=abbattere}} Here <code>à+</code> must be used because there are two ''a'''s among the last two vowels of the stem. The backslash indicates that the stress on the infinitive, displayed in the headword, should be taken from the present tense rather than placed on the ending. Note that the default for verbs in ''-cere'' and ''-gere'' uses a hard ''c''/''g'' in the present but a soft ''ci''/''gi'' in the past participle, which is correct for the majority of verbs, e.g. {{m|it|conoscere||to know (a person), to recognize}}, with present ''io conósco'', past participle ''conosciùto''. ===Irregular verb handling built into the template=== The template knows how to handle most irregular verbs including derivatives such as {{m|it|biscuocere}} (from {{m|it|cuocere}}) and {{m|it|schiudere}} (from {{m|it|chiudere}}). Indicate an irregular verb by placing <code>@</code> after the slash in place of VOWEL. For example for {{m|it|volere||to want}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a/@}} which produces {{it-verb|a/@|pagename=volere}} The AUX (<code>a</code> or <code>e</code>) and the slash (forward <code>/</code> or back <code>\</code>) indicators work the same as before to indicate the auxiliary verb and whether the verb is end-stressed or root-stressed respectively. Example for root-stressed {{m|it|scrivere||to write}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a\@}} which produces {{it-verb|a\@|pagename=scrivere}} ===Irregular verb handling by specifying principal parts=== For irregular verbs not recognized by <code>@</code>, specify up to three principal parts (first-singular present, first-singular past historic, and past participle), separated by commas. Note: All or most of the examples below could be handled with <code>@</code>, but these help to illustrate the capabilities available in the template. For example for {{m|it|scomparire||to disappear, to die}}, use: :{{temp|it-verb|e/scompàio,scompàrvi,scompàrso}} which produces {{it-verb|e/scompàio,scompàrvi,scompàrso|pagename=scomparire}} You can omit the past participle if it is regularly constructed, or both the past historic and past participle if both are regularly constructed. For example, for {{m|it|piacere||to please}}, with regularly formed past participle ''piaciùto'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|e/piàccio,piàcqui}} which produces {{it-verb|e/piàccio,piàcqui|pagename=piacere}} For root-stressed verbs in ''-ere'', use a backslash in place of a slash, as above, e.g. for {{m|it|scuotere||to shake}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a\ò,scòssi,scòtto}} which produces {{it-verb|a\ò,scòssi,scòtto|pagename=scuotere}} As mentioned above, when a backslash is specified the position and quality of the stress is derived from the present tense single-vowel spec. If the present tense is irregular, specify it in full and include the single-vowel spec ''before'' the backslash, e.g. as follows for {{m|it|scegliere||to choose}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a\é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto}} which produces {{it-verb|a\é\scélgo,scélsi,scélto|pagename=scegliere}} If a given principal part has more than one possibility, separate the possibilities by a colon, e.g. for {{m|it|riempire||to fill}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a/riémpio,riempìi,riempìto:riempiùto}} which produces {{it-verb|a/riémpio,riempìi,riempìto:riempiùto|pagename=riempire}} Note that you can use a <code>+</code> to request the default form(s). Thus, the above spec for {{m|it|riempire}} could (and preferably would) be written as follows: :{{temp|it-verb|a/riémpio,+,+:riempiùto}} You can specify ''qualifiers'' following a given form, which helps give usage notes when there are multiple forms with differing uses, e.g. for {{m|it|comparire||to appear, to manifest, to seem; (law) to appear before a tribunal}}: :{{temp|it-verb|e/compàio:+isc[less common],compàrvi:comparìi[less common]:compàrsi[in the legal sense],compàrso}} which produces {{it-verb|e/compàio:+isc[less common],compàrvi:comparìi[less common]:compàrsi[in the legal sense],compàrso|pagename=comparire}} Here, there are two possible present tense forms (''compàio'' and ''comparìsco'') and three possible past historic forms (''compàrvi'', ''comparìi'', ''compàrsi''), with differing usage characteristics. Note that there is no requirement that multiple forms be present when qualifiers are used. For example, for {{m|it|soccombere||to succumb}}, whose past participle is rare, use the following: :{{temp|it-verb|e\ó+,+,+[rare]}} which produces {{it-verb|e\ó+,+,+[rare]|pagename=soccombere}} ===Specifying additional irregular forms=== For highly irregular verbs, it sometimes makes sense to include additional irregular forms in the headword. For example, {{m|it|cadere||to fall}} has irregular future ''cadrò'', ''cadrài'', etc. To add the first-person singular future to the headword, use a spec like <code>fut:FORM</code>, separated from the principal parts by a period, as follows: :{{temp|it-verb|e/à,càddi.fut:cadrò}} which produces {{it-verb|e/à,càddi.fut:cadrò|pagename=cadere}} Similarly, for {{m|it|tenere||to hold}}, to specify an irregular future ''terrò'' and irregular imperative singular ''tièni'', use: :{{temp|it-verb|a/tèngo,ténni.fut:terrò.imp:tièni}} which produces {{it-verb|a/tèngo,ténni.fut:terrò.imp:tièni|pagename=tenere}} A more complicated example is {{m|it|essere||to be}}, with numerous irregularities: :{{temp|it-verb|e\è\sóno,fùi,stàto.imperf:èro.fut:sarò.sub:sìa.impsub:fóssi.imp:sìi}} which produces {{it-verb|e\è\sóno,fùi,stàto.imperf:èro.fut:sarò.sub:sìa.impsub:fóssi.imp:sìi|pagename=essere}} Use a full-row override to specify all forms for a given case/tense. For example, {{m|it|potere||to be able to}} n some cases it's necessary to provide all forms for a tense/case. To do soIt's possible to specify a tense ull-row override :{{temp|it-verb|a/-,potéi.presrow:pòsso,puòi,può*,possiàmo,potéte,pòssono.fut:potrò.imp:-}} which produces {{it-verb|a/-,potéi.presrow:pòsso,puòi,può*,possiàmo,potéte,pòssono.fut:potrò.imp:-|pagename=potere}} The full list of recognized additional irregular forms is as follows: {|class="wikitable" ! Prefix !! Form !! Whole row variant and parameters |- | inf || infiinitive || n/a |- | ger || gerund || n/a |- | presp || present participle || n/a |- | pp || past participle || n/a |- | pres || first-singular present indicative || presrow: 1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | imperf || first-singular imperfect indicative || imperfrow: 1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | phis || first-singular past historic || phisrow: 1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | fut || first-singular future indicative || futrow: 1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | cond || first-singular conditional || condrow: 1s, 2s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | sub || first-singular present subjunctive || subrow: 123s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | impsub || first-singular imperfect subjunctive || impsubrow: 12s, 3s, 1p, 2p, 3p |- | imp || second-singular imperative || improw: 2s, 2p |- | negimp || second-singular negative imperative || n/a |} To specify multiple possibilities for a given irregular form, separate the possibilities by colons, as above. Qualifiers in brackets can be appended to a given form, as above. See the example for {{m|it|dare}} just below for an example of this. ===Special considerations with single-syllable irregular forms=== Verbs with single-syllable irregular forms have some special considerations. For one thing, there may or may not be a written accent on the vowel. Normally, forms are shown in headwords with an accent on the vowel to indicate stress and quality, even though when normally written only the final vowel of multi-vowel words has a written accent. Accordingly, when generating the link, accents are stripped from non-final vowels as well as from single-vowel words. To indicate that a single-vowel word has a written accent, add an exclamation mark (<code>!</code>) after the form. This preserves the accent in the link and includes a qualifier reading ''with written accent on monosyllabic verb''. Some single-syllable forms trigger {{w|syntactic gemination}}, while others don't. To indicate that a form triggers syntactic gemination, add an asterisk (<code>*</code>) after the form. This includes a qualifier reading ''with syntactic gemination''. You can also include a double asterisk (<code>**</code>) after the form to indicate optional syntactic gemination. An example that uses both of the above indications is {{m|it|dare||to give}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a/-,dièdi:dètti,dàto.sub:dìa.impsub:déssi.imp:dai:da':dà*!.presrow:dò*:dò*!,dài,dà*!,diàmo,dàte,dànno}} which produces {{it-verb|a/-,dièdi:dètti,dàto.sub:dìa.impsub:déssi.imp:dai:da':dà*!.presrow:dò*:dò*!,dài,dà*!,diàmo,dàte,dànno|pagename=dare}} Note in particular the forms <code>dò*!</code> and <code>dà*!</code>, with both asterisk (to indicate syntactic gemination) and the exclamation (to indicate preservation of the written accent). ===Verbs whose auxiliary varies=== Many verbs can take either {{m|it|avere}} or {{m|it|essere}} as an auxiliary, often with different meanings. A very common scenario is {{m|it|avere}} when transitive and {{m|it|essere}} when intransitive, e.g. with {{m|it|finire||to end, to finish}}. You can separate multiple auxiliaries with a colon, as with multiple irregular forms, and include qualifiers, which typically you should do to clarify the different usages: {{temp|it-verb|a[transitive]:e[intransitive]/+isc}} which produces {{it-verb|a[transitive]:e[intransitive]/+isc|pagename=finire}} You can include commas, quotes and other punctuation inside brackets in the qualifier text, e.g. with {{m|it|avanzare}}: avanzare: {{temp|it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive, also intransitive meaning "to advance"]/à+}} which produces {{it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive, also intransitive meaning "to advance"]/à+|pagename=avanzare}} You can also include angle brackets (e.g. direct HTML, or HTML produced by a template) or even nested square brackets, as long as they are matching. ===Reflexive verbs=== All reflexive verbs use {{m|it|essere}}, so there is no need to specify the auxiliary and it should be omitted, e.g. for {{m|it|abbandonarsi||to give up, to give in, to surrender}}, use: :{{temp|it-verb|ó}} which produces {{it-verb|ó|pagename=abbandonarsi}} For root-stressed verbs in ''-ere'', use a backslash with nothing before it, e.g. for {{m|it|accorgersi||to notice, to realize}} (stressed as ''accòrgersi''), use: :{{temp|it-verb|\ò,accòrsi,accòrto}} which produces {{it-verb|\ò,accòrsi,accòrto|pagename=accorgersi}} If a root-stressed verb in ''-ere'' has an irregular present, specify the stressed vowel before the backslash with or without a second backslash, e.g. for {{m|it|togliersi||to get out of the way}}, use either: :{{temp|it-verb|ò\tòlgo,tòlsi,tòlto}} or :{{temp|it-verb|\ò\tòlgo,tòlsi,tòlto}} both of which produce {{it-verb|ò\tòlgo,tòlsi,tòlto|pagename=togliersi}} Note that explicitly specified forms should be given without the reflexive pronoun attached. Special changes to the form are handled automatically, e.g. {{w|syntactic gemination}}. An example is for {{m|it|farsi||to become, to move (oneself), to buy, etc.}}, with imperative ''fàtti'': :{{temp|it-conj|-,féci,fàtto.stem:fàce.sub:fàccia.imp:fà.presrow:fàccio:fò*[archaic or dialectal],fài,fà*,facciàmo,fàte,fànno}} which produces {{it-verb|-,féci,fàtto.stem:fàce.sub:fàccia.imp:fà.presrow:fàccio:fò*[archaic or dialectal],fài,fà*,facciàmo,fàte,fànno|pagename=farsi}} ===Verbs in ''-rre''=== Verbs in ''-rre'', e.g. {{m|it|trarre||to pull}}, {{m|it|porre||to put}}, {{m|it|dedurre||to deduce}} require an explicit stem to be specified using <code>stem</code> specifier. They should also use the same backslash notation as with root-stressed verbs in ''-ere'', e.g. for {{m|it|porre}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a\ó\póngo,pósi,pósto.imperf:ponévo.fut:porrò.stem:poné}} which produces {{it-verb|a\ó\póngo,pósi,pósto.imperf:ponévo.fut:porrò.stem:poné|pagename=porre}} For verbs ending in ''-arre'' and ''-urre'' (and ''-irre'' if any such verbs exist), the double-backslash notation can be simplified to a single backslash because the stressed vowel can only be one possibility, e.g. for {{m|it|dedurre}}: :{{temp|it-verb|a\dedùco,dedùssi,dedótto.imperf:deducévo.stem:dedùce}} which produces {{it-verb|a\dedùco,dedùssi,dedótto.imperf:deducévo.stem:dedùce|pagename=dedurre}} Reflexive verbs in ''-arsi'' and ''-ersi'' based off verbs in ''-arre'' and ''-erre'' can also be interpreted as based off of verbs in ''-are'' or ''-ere''; for example, consider {{m|it|contrarsi}}, reflexive of either {{m|it|contrare||to counter (boxing)}} or {{m|it|contrarre||to tense}}. These verbs must use the special indicator <code>rre</code> to indicate that the reflexive is based off of a verb in ''-arre''; otherwise, it will be interpreted as based off of a verb in ''-are''. An example is {{m|it|distrarsi||to be distracted}}, from {{m|it|distrarre||to distract}}: :{{temp|it-verb|\distràggo,distràssi,distràtto.imperf:distraévo.imp:distrài.stem:distra.rre}} which produces {{it-verb|\distràggo,distràssi,distràtto.imperf:distraévo.imp:distrài.stem:distra.rre|pagename=distrarsi}} Note in particular the <code>.rre</code> at the end. ===Third-person only verbs=== Some verbs have only third-person forms, either third-person singular only (impersonal) or third-person singular and plural only. Use <code>impers</code> for the former, and <code>thirdonly</code> for the latter. An example of an impersonal verb is {{m|it|bufare||to blizzard}}: :{{temp|it-verb|e/ù.impers}} which produces {{it-verb|e/ù.impers|pagename=bufare}} An example of a third-person only verb (singular and plural) is {{m|it|accadere||to happen}}: :{{temp|it-verb|e/à+.phisrow:-,-,accàdde,-,-,accàddero.futrow:-,-,accadrà,-,-,accadrànno.thirdonly}} which produces {{it-verb|e/à+.phisrow:-,-,accàdde,-,-,accàddero.futrow:-,-,accadrà,-,-,accadrànno.thirdonly|pagename=accadere}} As the latter example shows, irregular forms must be specified in the third person. ===Defective verbs=== Some verbs are defective in that they are missing some of their forms. To indicate a missing form, use <code>-</code>. For example, the verb {{m|it|redire||to return}} has no past historic, imperfect, future or imperfect subjunctive. Indicate as follows: :{{temp|it-verb|a/rièdo,-,redìto.imperf:-.fut:-.impsub:-}} which produces {{it-verb|a/rièdo,-,redìto.imperf:-.fut:-.impsub:-|pagename=redire}} If the verb is missing its past participle, use <code>-</code> as normal, but also put a <code>-</code> in place of the auxiliary, because without a past participle no composed tenses can be formed. An example is {{m|it|serpere||to snake}}: :{{temp|it-verb|-\è,-,-}} which produces {{it-verb|-\è,-,-|pagename=serpere}} ===Pronominal verbs=== Pronominal verbs are those verbs that inherently have a clitic pronoun attached to the infinitive. Reflexive verbs, covered above, are a type of pronominal verb; not all pronominal verbs are reflexive. An example that is not is {{m|it|spuntarla||to make it, to succeed}}, composed of {{m|it|spuntare}} + clitic {{m|it|-la}}. Indicate pronominal verbs as normal: :{{temp|it-verb|a/ù}} which produces {{it-verb|a/ù|pagename=spuntarla}} Note that the clitic is automatically moved before the finite forms. If the pronominal verb is reflexive, the auxiliary spec will be omitted, as with all reflexive verbs (see [[#Reflexive verbs|above]]). An example is {{m|it|trovarcisi||to find oneself in a happy situation}}: :{{temp|it-verb|ò}} which produces {{it-verb|ò|pagename=trovarcisi}} note that the two clitics are automatically moved to the front of the finite forms, and {{m|it|-si}} is automatically converted to {{m|it|mi}}. If the pronominal verb is irregular, don't include any of the clitics in the irregular forms except for the imperative (same as with reflexive verbs). An example is {{m|it|andarsene||to go away, to leave}}: :{{temp|it-verb|vàdo.fut:andrò.sub:vàda.imp:và}} which produces {{it-verb|vàdo.fut:andrò.sub:vàda.imp:và|pagename=andarsene}} Another example is {{m|it|volerci||to be needed, to be required}}. This is third person only, hence it uses the spec <code>thirdonly</code> (see [[#Third-person only verbs|above]]), and requires that all irregular forms be given in the third-person: :{{temp|it-verb|e/-.presrow:-,-,vuòle,-,-,vògliono.phisrow:-,-,vòlle,-,-,vòllero.futrow:-,-,vorrà,-,-,vorrànno.sub:vòglia.thirdonly}} which produces {{it-verb|e/-.presrow:-,-,vuòle,-,-,vògliono.phisrow:-,-,vòlle,-,-,vòllero.futrow:-,-,vorrà,-,-,vorrànno.sub:vòglia.thirdonly|pagename=volerci}} ===Multiword expressions=== Multiword expressions such as {{m|it|prestare attenzione||to pay attention}} are supported. To indicate the conjugation of such an expression, place the full verbal spec inside angle brackets (<code><...></code>) directly after the verb to be conjugated: :{{temp|it-verb|prestare<a/è> attenzione}} which produces {{it-verb|prestare<a/è> attenzione}} Individual portions of the expression, including words other than the verb, are automatically linked. To override this, add explicit links, e.g. for {{m|it|tenere d'occhio||to keep an eye on}}: :<code><nowiki>{{it-verb|tenere<a/tèngo,ténni.fut:terrò.imp:tièni> [[d']][[occhio]]}}</nowiki></code> which produces {{it-verb|tenere<a/tèngo,ténni.fut:terrò.imp:tièni> [[d']][[occhio]]}} This even works if there are multiple verbs in the expression, e.g. {{m|it|trascinare e rilasciare||to [[drag and drop]]}}: :{{temp|it-verb|trascinare<a/ì> e rilasciare<a/à>}} which produces {{it-verb|trascinare<a/ì> e rilasciare<a/à>}} ===Qualifiers and references=== As mentioned above, you can place a qualifier in square brackets after any verb form or after an auxiliary, to indicate under what circumstances that particular form or auxiliary is used. For example, for the verb {{m|it|forare||to pierce}}, specify: :{{temp|it-verb|a/ò:ó[traditional]}} which produces {{it-verb|a/ò:ó[traditional]|pagename=forare}} Here, we indicate the modern stressed-vowel pronunciation ''fòro'' along with the traditional one ''fóro'', marked as such. An example of qualifiers on auxiliaries occurs with {{m|it|discendere||to descend}}, which has both intransitive usages (which take the auxiliary {{m|it|essere}}) and transitive usages (which take the auxiliary {{m|it|avere}}, as with all transitive verbs). To indicate this, specify: :{{temp|it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive]\é:è,discési,discéso}} which produces {{it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive]\é:è,discési,discéso|pagename=discendere}} You can also specify reference footnotes to be displayed after a given form. To specify such a footnote, use the syntax <code>[ref:...]</code> directly after a form, similar to a qualifier. For example, for {{m|it|discendere}}, to footnote the fact that both ''discéndo'' and ''discèndo'' are allowed in modern usage (traditional usage calls for ''discéndo'' only), citing {{w|Luciano Canepari}}'s ''Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana'', use: <pre> {{it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive]\é:è[ref:{{R:it:DiPI|discendo}}],discési,discéso}} ===References=== <references /> </pre> which produces {{it-verb|e[intransitive]:a[transitive]\é:è[ref:{{R:it:DiPI|discendo}}],discési,discéso|pagename=discendere}} <span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">'''References'''</span><br /> <references /> Here, we use a template call to {{temp|R:it:DiPI}}, which generates a citation to Canepari's online dictionary. You can combine qualifiers and reference notes on the same form. For example, for {{m|it|forare}} above, to footnote the pronunciations ''fòro'' (modern) and ''fóro'' (traditional), use: <pre> {{it-verb|a/ò:ó[traditional][ref:{{R:it:DiPI|foro}}]}} ===References=== <references /> </pre> which produces {{it-verb|a/ò:ó[traditional][ref:{{R:it:DiPI|foro}}]|pagename=forare}} <span style="font-size: 12.5pt;">'''References'''</span><br /> <references /> The syntax of the contents inside of <code>[ref:...]</code> is the same as for the {{para|ref}} parameter to {{temp|IPA}} and {{temp|it-IPA}}. Specifically, to specify multiple footnotes, separate them with <code> !!! </code> (with or without spaces). To specify a name for a given footnote, use <code><<name:NAME>></code> directly after the footnote text, as if <code><nowiki><ref name="NAME">...</ref></nowiki></code> were used, and to use a previously named footnote a second time, use only <code><<name:NAME>></code> with an empty footnote text, as if <code><nowiki><ref name="NAME" /></nowiki></code> were used. See {{temp|IPA}} for more information. ==Parameters== The allowed parameters are as follows: ; {{para|1}} : Specify the inflected forms; see above. ; {{para|head}}, {{para|head2}}, ... : Override the headword. Useful especially to add unpredictable links in multiword expressions (an automatic linking algorithm applies in the absence of this, and links each word). ; {{para|noautolinktext|1}} : Disable the autolinking algorithm for text outside of the verb itself, in multiword expressions. ; {{para|noautolinkverb|1}} : Disable the autolinking algorithm for the verb. If you use both this and {{para|noautolinktext|1}}, no autolinking will happen, with the result that any links need to be specified using {{para|head}} and non-lemma forms will be linked in their entirety. ; {{para|sort}} : Optional argument to specify the sort key; rarely needed. ; {{para|id}} : Optional argument to specify a sense ID for linking purposes; see {{temp|senseid}} and {{temp|l}}. {{hwcat}} gahqs76gwzavvzg2brbbj8e78ywe8ck 10 294039 394245 2026-05-09T15:27:35Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:frp-headword|show|ကြိယာ}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|hw}}</noinclude>" 394245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:frp-headword|show|ကြိယာ}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|hw}}</noinclude> 72h1ghkev3ywehohatmg6ym1xi26bsw 14 294040 394246 2026-05-09T15:29:10Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:လာၚ်က္ဍိုပ်မအရေဝ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဖ]]" 394246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:လာၚ်က္ဍိုပ်မအရေဝ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဖ]] a9gip48hvzj9i9g8l1zf16degdmsgn9 14 294041 394247 2026-05-09T15:30:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဖ]]" 394247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဖပြၚ်ဂဝ်-ဖရဝ်ပေါန်သာဝ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဖ]] olhmgdpy5bzv4ul1bs4yywe5c9m5fqt 14 294042 394252 2026-05-09T16:03:37Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » :ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟ..." 394252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအဓိကမာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်|ဝေါဟာတံသ္ဇိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်|နာမ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဗက်အလိုက်လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ဗက်အလိုက်လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] »'''ပုလ္လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်''' :နာမ်မာလ်တဳမဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုလိၚ်တြုံ၊ ဥပမာ ဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုကဏ္ဍလုပ်အဝေါၚ်လိၚ်အတေံ (အကြာတၞဟ်ခြာအရာမွဲမွဲအဂှ်) မက္တဵုဒှ်ပုလ္လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဗက်အလိုက်လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ပ]][[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်ပုလ္လိၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|မ]] jfl6h46of9u2u2qvqkzk74eb8qsaypr 14 294043 394253 2026-05-09T16:05:28Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » :ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟ..." 394253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအဓိကမာလ်တဳဳဂမၠိုၚ်|ဝေါဟာတံသ္ဇိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်|နာမ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] »'''ဗက်အလိုက်လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်''' :နာမ်မာလ်တဳမဂကောံလဝ်နူကဵုဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုလိၚ်ပွမတုဲဒှ်နကဵုအတေံ။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်နူကဵုလိၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|မ]] pcca4lipjd7vm1r5slykqbs8qtjbfmx 394254 394253 2026-05-09T16:05:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 394254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအဓိကမာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်|ဝေါဟာတံသ္ဇိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်|နာမ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] »'''ဗက်အလိုက်လိၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်''' :နာမ်မာလ်တဳမဂကောံလဝ်နူကဵုဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုလိၚ်ပွမတုဲဒှ်နကဵုအတေံ။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်မာလ်တဳဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်နူကဵုလိၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|မ]] bvzln9t5dqlcu64s828lvjqqjioa7v5 14 294044 394255 2026-05-09T16:09:29Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » :ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန..." 394255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:မာလ်တဳ|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -andar :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ|မာလ်တဳ]]မနွံကာရန် andar ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:မာလ်တဳ|andar]] gxtmwjkhym4js73ks64614fgwsgekz2 14 294045 394256 2026-05-09T16:12:42Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|မ]]" 394256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာလ်တဳ]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|မ]] 0xpza3b8ocze5z6ubj2g6j0x5pdo5n9 14 294046 394257 2026-05-09T16:14:37Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာလာဒဳနဝ်]]" 394257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာလာဒဳနဝ်]] 3nll1gdz8pfhdvezi4yq24rj8bo9plu 14 294047 394258 2026-05-09T16:15:20Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာလာဒဳနဝ်]]" 394258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာလာဒဳနဝ်]] 3nll1gdz8pfhdvezi4yq24rj8bo9plu 14 294048 394259 2026-05-09T16:17:34Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » :ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ|အိန်ဒဝ်နဳ..." 394259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ|အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -andar :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ|အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]မနွံကာရန် andar ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ|andar]] tpkba4z3wi8jyq4dg2qcm78nwtpf5fr 0 294049 394260 2026-05-09T16:28:34Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|mandaré}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||3|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1|s|impf|subj}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||3|s|impf|subj}} ==အဳတလဳ== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|မေ|၁၁}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alt|it|mandar||apocopic}}..." 394260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|mandaré}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||3|s|plup|indc}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1|s|impf|subj}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||3|s|impf|subj}} ==အဳတလဳ== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|မေ|၁၁}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alt|it|mandar||apocopic}} ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|it|la|mandō|mandāre}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{it-pr|[àr]<r:DOP:lid#1042271,lemma#demonio><audio:It-mandare.ogg>}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်၊ လက်ဂတ၊ ပလံၚ်ဓဝ်စိုပ်တရဴ၊ ပလံၚ်ဏာကဵု။ #: {{syn|it|inviare|spedire|trasmettere}} # သကဵုပန်၊ ကၠဟ်။ #: {{syn|it|gettare|lanciare}} # သကဵုဗက်။ #: {{syn|it|guidare|azionare}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်ပ္တိတ်၊ ဗလးပ္တိတ်၊ အလုံအိုဿီု။ ==လပ်တေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|la|verb form|head=mandāre}} # {{inflection of|la|mandō||2|s|pres|pasv|sub//imp//ind|;|pres|actv|inf}} ==သပုၚ်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|es|verb form}} # {{es-verb form of|mandar}} 2taweu9ri3nez6amxkfgfknk5l21rk6 4 294050 394261 2026-05-09T16:30:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{WOTD|mandare|ကြိယာ| သကဵုပလံၚ်၊ လက်ဂတ၊ ပလံၚ်ဓဝ်စိုပ်တရဴ၊ ပလံၚ်ဏာကဵု။ #: {{syn|it|inviare|spedire|trasmettere}} # သကဵုပန်၊ ကၠဟ်။ #: {{syn|it|gettare|lanciare}} # သကဵုဗက်။ #: {{syn|it|guidare|azionare}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်ပ္တိတ်၊ ဗလးပ္တိတ်..." 394261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WOTD|mandare|ကြိယာ| သကဵုပလံၚ်၊ လက်ဂတ၊ ပလံၚ်ဓဝ်စိုပ်တရဴ၊ ပလံၚ်ဏာကဵု။ #: {{syn|it|inviare|spedire|trasmettere}} # သကဵုပန်၊ ကၠဟ်။ #: {{syn|it|gettare|lanciare}} # သကဵုဗက်။ #: {{syn|it|guidare|azionare}} # သကဵုပလံၚ်ပ္တိတ်၊ ဗလးပ္တိတ်၊ အလုံအိုဿီု။ |audio=It-mandare.ogg|မေ|၁၁}} q8zxsyc5ig1626ubo2qv9ekd9fr2abd 0 294051 394262 2026-05-09T17:12:11Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|Mando|mandó|mandò|mandō}} =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmændəʊ/}} * {{rhymes|en|ændəʊ|s=2}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # ပရေၚ်ဟွံသ္ပဟွံဂွံမွဲသာ်။ ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{en-adj}} # {{clipping of|en|mandatory}} ===နာမ် ၂ === {{en-noun}} # {{clipping of|en|mandolin}} ===Anagrams=== * {..." 394262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mando|mandó|mandò|mandō}} =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmændəʊ/}} * {{rhymes|en|ændəʊ|s=2}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # ပရေၚ်ဟွံသ္ပဟွံဂွံမွဲသာ်။ ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{en-adj}} # {{clipping of|en|mandatory}} ===နာမ် ၂ === {{en-noun}} # {{clipping of|en|mandolin}} ===Anagrams=== * {{anagrams|en|a=admno|Damon|Doman|Domna|Monda|NoMad|mad on|mad-on|monad|nomad}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|ast|verb form}} # {{inflection of|ast|mandar||1|s|pres|indc}} ==ဗက်ခ်== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|eu|LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-mando.wav}} ===နာမ်=== {{eu-noun|an}} # မာဲ။ ==ချာဗာကာနဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== {{inh+|cbk|es|mando}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{cbk-IPA}} * {{hyph|cbk|man|do}} ===နာမ်=== {{cbk-noun}} # အသံ၊ အမိၚ်။ ==ဂလဳသဳယာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|gl|verb form}} # {{gl-verb form of|mandar}} ==အဳတလဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{it-pr|màndo}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|it|verb form}} # {{inflection of|it|mandare||1|s|pres|ind}} ==လပ်တေန်== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{la-IPA|mandō}} * {{hyph|la|man|do}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|la|itc-pro|*manuðō}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{la-verb|1+.poet-sync-perf|mandō}} # ကဵုအသံ၊ ဓလီုကဵုဩဇာ၊ စကာ။ #: {{syn|la|praescrībō|praecipiō|imperō|indīcō|ēdīcō|iniungō|dictō|iubeō|pōnō}} # သကဵုစွဲပ္ဍဲတဲ၊ လရးဗၞိက်လ္တူတေံ။ # သကဵုအပ်ပြာပ်၊ ပလံၚ်ဗၞိက်။ #: {{syn|la|dēlēgō|dēsignō|assignō|dēmandō|tribuō|īnstituō|impertiō|elēgō|lēgō||appōnō|prōdō|cōnsociō|ōrdinō|distribuō|attribuō|discrībō|addīcō}} # သကဵုမပတှ်ေအပ်ပြာပ်ကဵု။ # သကဵုမအပ်ပြာပ်လိက်အသံ။ # သကဵုစွံအပ္ဍဲပွမလိက်အသံ။ # သကဵုပလံၚ်ဂလာန်ပရိုၚ်နကဵု။။ # သကဵုပတှ်ေစှ်ေစိုတ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== {{top2}} * {{desc|ast|mandar}} * {{desc|egl|mandèr}} * {{desc|ca|manar}} * {{desc|bor=1|en|mandate|mandamus}} * {{desc|fr|mander}} * {{desc|gl|mandar}} * {{desc|it|mandare}} * {{desc|oc|manar}} * {{desc|pt|mandar}} * {{desc|es|mandar}} * {{desc|vec|mandar}} {{bottom}} ===နိရုတ် ၂ === ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|la|itc-pro|*mandnō}}၊ နကဵုအဆက်နူ {{der|la|ine-pro||*menth₂-}} ===ကြိယာ ၂ === {{la-verb|3|mandō|mand|māns}} # သကဵုဇ္ၚာဲ၊ သ္ၚာဲ။ #: {{syn|la|masticō|mandūcō|rūminor}} # သကဵုကိတ်၊ ကိတ်စ။ # သကဵုစ။ ===နာမ်=== {{la-noun|mandō<3>|g=m}} # ညးမစဇြိုဟ်၊ မၞိဟ်စဇြုတ်။ ==ပဝ်တူဂြဳ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{rhymes|pt|ɐ̃du|s=2}} * {{hyph|pt|man|do}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{m|pt|mandar}} ===နာမ်=== {{pt-noun|m}} # အသံ၊ အမိၚ်။ # ဩဇာ။ ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|pt|verb form}} # {{pt-verb form of|mandar}} ==သပုၚ်== {{wp|es:}} [[File:Philips SRC206WM Universal Remote Control.JPG|thumb|120px|A remote control]] [[File:Xbox Wireless Controller, Model 1914 'Shock Blue'.jpg|thumb|A Xbox controller]] ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{es-pr}} ===နိရုတ်=== {{deverbal|es|mandar}} ===နာမ်=== {{es-noun|m}} # အသံ။ # ရဳမိုတ် ခေါန်ထရုဝ်။ #: {{syn|es|mando a distancia|telemando|control remoto|control}} # ညးမကောပ်ကာဲသ္ကိုပ်သ္က၊ မဝေၚ်လဝ်ဂိၚ်၊ မဝေၚ်လဝ်ပရေၚ်စိုတ်လဟိၚ်လဟာဲ။ #: {{syn|es|control}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|es|verb form}} # {{es-verb form of|mandar}} 2zxoqux8hs2h85voy3wlzk5a1f06800 0 294052 394263 2026-05-09T17:15:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mando}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=admnos|Domans|Madson|Mondas|damson|mad ons|mad-ons|monads|nomads}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နာမ်=== {{head|ast|noun form}} # {{plural of|ast|mandu}} ==သပုၚ်== ===နာမ်=== {{head|es|noun form|g=m-p}} # {{plural of|es|mando}}" 394263 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mando}} ===ဝေါဟာလွာ=== * {{anagrams|en|a=admnos|Domans|Madson|Mondas|damson|mad ons|mad-ons|monads|nomads}} ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နာမ်=== {{head|ast|noun form}} # {{plural of|ast|mandu}} ==သပုၚ်== ===နာမ်=== {{head|es|noun form|g=m-p}} # {{plural of|es|mando}} olmnh4kxej00mle98qa9ip1752kgk5g 0 294053 394264 2026-05-09T19:04:11Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|Mandu}} =={{=en=}}== {{wp|''+'' (food)|lang=en}} [[File:Jjinmandu (steamed dumplings).jpg|thumb|''Jjin-mandu'' (steamed dumplings)]] ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alter|en|mandoo}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{bor|en|ko|만두}}၊ ပ္ဍဲခတးနူဝေါဟာ {{der|en|zh|饅頭|tr=mántou}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|*}} # ပွမသၠဂ..." 394264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mandu}} =={{=en=}}== {{wp|''+'' (food)|lang=en}} [[File:Jjinmandu (steamed dumplings).jpg|thumb|''Jjin-mandu'' (steamed dumplings)]] ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alter|en|mandoo}} ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{bor|en|ko|만두}}၊ ပ္ဍဲခတးနူဝေါဟာ {{der|en|zh|饅頭|tr=mántou}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|*}} # ပွမသၠဂွဳအပ္ဍဲနဲကဲတောံၜိုဟ်ကိုဝ်ရဳယျာ။ ==အေက်သတဝ်ရေန်== ===နာမ်=== {{ast-noun|m|mandos}} # ပွမသ္ကိုပ်သ္က၊ အ္စာအသံက်။ # ညးမအာက္ဍိုပ်ရပ်သၞေဝ်။ # ရဳမိုတ်၊ ရဳမိုတ် ခေါန်ထရုဝ်။ ==အိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|id|/ˈmʌn.dʊ/}} * {{hyphenation|id|man|du}} ===နိရုတ်=== {{back-form|id|memandu}} ===နာမ်=== {{head|id|noun}} # တံ၊ သၞောဝ်။ # နဲကဲအခိုက်အလိုက်။ ===နိရုတ် ၂ === {{lbor|id|ko|만두}}၊ မဂၠေံကေတ်တံအဓိပ္ပါဲနူဝေါဟာ {{bor|id|zh|饅頭}} ===နာမ်=== {{id-noun}} # ပွမသၠဂွဳအပ္ဍဲနဲကဲတောံၜိုဟ်ကိုဝ်ရဳယျာ၊ ဗွဲတၟေၚ်မကၠောန်သ္ပဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုတဝ်ဖှူ။ lf0rlbgyim4w1lm0puq3sxj93rpbh6l 0 294054 394265 2026-05-09T19:05:39Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|*}} # {{alternative form of|en|mandu}}" 394265 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|*}} # {{alternative form of|en|mandu}} ojnzq434879iks7tbbfl90295m7jrr8 14 294055 394266 2026-05-09T19:07:01Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]" 394266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] 0tfuvqfdxzi5k3x0sigrpvyxe7ud8k3 14 294056 394267 2026-05-09T19:07:48Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]" 394267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] 0tfuvqfdxzi5k3x0sigrpvyxe7ud8k3 14 294057 394268 2026-05-09T19:08:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]" 394268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] 0tfuvqfdxzi5k3x0sigrpvyxe7ud8k3 14 294058 394269 2026-05-09T19:09:53Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]" 394269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] 0tfuvqfdxzi5k3x0sigrpvyxe7ud8k3 14 294059 394270 2026-05-09T19:12:14Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]]" 394270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအိန်ဒဝ်နဳသဳယျာ]] 0tfuvqfdxzi5k3x0sigrpvyxe7ud8k3