Wikipedija mtwiki https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-Pa%C4%A1na_prin%C4%8Bipali MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medja Speċjali Diskussjoni Utent Diskussjoni utent Wikipedija Diskussjoni Wikipedija Stampa Diskussjoni stampa MediaWiki Diskussjoni MediaWiki Mudell Diskussjoni mudell Għajnuna Diskussjoni għajnuna Kategorija Diskussjoni kategorija Portal Diskussjoni portal TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 1142 329553 329029 2026-04-26T00:58:03Z MediaWiki message delivery 8472 /* Request for comment (global AI policy) */ sezzjoni ġdida 329553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> p1f01dswhjtf272ell7l08acuogsn9a 0 2323 329559 326491 2026-04-26T04:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub|Astronomija}} [[Stampa:Solar planets.jpg|right|thumb|Il-pjaneti tas-Sistema Solari skond id-daqs relattiv tagħhom]] '''Pjaneta''' huwa korp ċelesti ta' massa sinjifikattiva li [[Orbita (astronomija)|jorbita]] madwar [[stilla]], u li ma jipproduċix enerġija permezz ta' [[fużjoni nukleari]]. Qabel is-[[Snin 1990|snin '90]] kienu magħrufa biss disa' pjaneti (kollha fis-[[Sistema Solari]] tagħna). Fl-aħħar tal-[[2002]], kienu iktar minn 100 pjaneta magħrufa, kollha skopruti bħala [[pjaneta extrasolari|pjaneti extrasolari]]. Il-kelma ''pjaneta'' ġejja mill-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]], mill-kelma li kienet tintuża għal ''vagabond''. Fl-astronomija antika, il-pjaneti ''vagabondi'' kienu l-korpi ċelesti viżibili li kienu jbiddlu l-koordinati ċelesti ekwatorjali. Dawn kienu l-Qamar, ix-Xemx, Merkurju, Venere, Marte, Ġove, u Saturnu. Għal sekli sħaħ l-astronomi fittxew spjegazzjoni għaċ-ċaqliq tal-pjaneti li jidhru jivvagabondaw fuq l-isfond tal-kwiekeb ‘fissi’. Kien fis-seklu sbatax meta [[Johannes Kepler]] iddetermina li huma jorbitaw max-[[Xemx]] f’orbiti ellitiċi, li ċ-ċaqliq tagħhom kien kompletament mifhum. L-astronomi ħafna drabi jsejħu l-[[asterojde|asterojdi]] "pjanetini" (pjaneti żgħar), u l-korpi planetari ikbar (dawk li normalment jissejħhu pjaneti) "pjaneti maġġuri". Il-pjaneti tas-Sistema Solari jistgħu jinqasmu f'żewġ kategoriji skond il-kompożizzjoni tagħhom. Dawk li jixbħu d-[[Dinja]] (komposti prinċipalment minn [[ġebel]]) huma magħrufa bħala '''[[pjaneta terrestri|pjaneti terrestri]]'''. It-[[pjaneti terrestri|terrestri]] huma relattivament żgħar, komposti prinċipalment minn blat u metalli, u għandhom [[atmosfera|atmosferi]] rqaq. L-[[atmosfera|atmosferi]] differenti jikkawżaw il-kundizzjonijiet fuq il-wiċċ ta’ kull [[pjaneti terrestri|pjaneta terrestri]] biex ivarjaw konsiderevolment. Id-[[Art|Dinja]] tagħna biss, bl-[[oċeani]] vasti tagħha u bl-[[atmosfera]] rikka bl-[[ossiġnu]] u [[nitroġenu]], hija kapaċi li żżomm forma ta’ ħajja avvanzata. Dawk komposti minn materjal gassuż, bħal [[Ġove (pjaneta)|Ġove]], huma magħrufa bħala Ġovjani, jew inkella '''[[ġgant gassuż|ġganti gassużi]]'''. L-erba' [[pjaneti gassużi]], huma: [[Ġove (pjaneta)|Ġove]] nnfisu, [[Saturnu]], [[Uranu (pjaneta)|Uranu]] u [[Nettunu (pjaneta)|Nettunu]], huma komposti l-iktar minn [[idroġenu]] u [[elju]]. [[Ġove (pjaneta)|Ġove]] huwa l-ikbar u l-iktar [[pjaneta]] massiv fis-[[sistema solari]], iżda anki [[Nettunu]] — l-iżgħar mill-[[pjaneti gassużi|pjaneti Ġovjani]] — għandu dijametru erba’ darbiet iżjed minn dak tad-[[Art|Dinja]]. Xi drabi tiġi wżata kategorija oħra għal dawk il-korpi bħal [[Plutone (pjaneta)|Plutone]], komposti prevalentement minn [[silġ]]: din il-kategorija ta' pjaneti tinkludi wkoll ħafna korpi non planetari, bħal qmura ta' pjaneti esterni (pereżempju [[Titanju (pjaneta)|Titanju]]). == Il-Pjaneti tas-Sistema Solari == Il-pjaneti tas-Sistema Solari huma (f'ordni ta' distanza mix-[[Xemx]]): # [[Merkurju (pjaneta)|Merkurju]] # [[Venere (pjaneta)|Venere]] jew [[Venere (pjaneta)|Żahrija]] # [[Id-Dinja|L-Art]] u l-[[Qamar]], ħafna drabi kkunsidrata bħala [[pjaneta doppju]] # [[Marte (pjaneta)|Marte]] jew [[Marte (pjaneta)|Mars]] jew [[Marte (pjaneta)|Il-Hamra]] # [[Ġove (pjaneta)|Ġove]] # [[Saturnu (pjaneta)|Saturnu]] # [[Uranu (pjaneta)|Uranu]] # [[Nettunu (pjaneta)|Nettunu]] Sa ftit żmien ilu (Awissu 2006) [[Plutone (pjaneta)|Plutone]] kien jitqies ukoll bħala pjaneta, iżda llum dan m'għadux jitqies bħala tali iżda bħala [[pjaneta nanu]]; bħala l-ikbar asterojda tal-[[faxxa ta' Kuiper]]. Il-pjaneti kollha tas-Sistema Solari (minbarra d-Dinja) għandhom isimhom li ġej mill-[[mitoloġija Rumana]]. Anki l-ismijiet tal-qmura ġejjin minn ismijiet ta' allat jew ta' persunaġġi tal-mitoloġija klassika, u xi mdaqqiet anki minn karattri tad-drammi ta' Shakespeare. L-asterojdi jistgħu jiġu msemmija, b'diskrezjoni ta' min skoprihom, b'isem kwalunkwe (bl-approvazzjoni tal-[[Unjoni Astronomika Internazjonali]]). Ġew proposti ħafna pjaneti ipotetiċi, bħal [[Eris]] iżda dan bħal Plutone qed jiġi kkunsidrat bħala Pjaneta nanu. Eris (uffiċjalment 136199 Eris, u qabel 2003 UB313) kien skopert minn [[Michael E. Brown]], [[Chad Trujillo]], u [[David L. Rabinowitz|David Rabinowitz]] fil-[[5 ta' Jannar]], [[2005]], minn ritratti li ġew meħuda fil-[[21 ta' Ottubru]], [[2003]]. Huma riedu jagħtuha l-isem [[Ksina]] (en: Xena) iżda l-[[Unjoni Astronomika Internazjonali]], l-għaqda internazzjonali tal-Astronomija tatha l-isem tal-alla Grieg tad-diżarmonija, Eris. L-isem latin hu ''Discordia''. Wieħed mir-raġuni għala intgħażel dan l-isem hu biex jirrifletti t-taħwid u l-konfużjoni li hemm fil-komunità tal-astronomi dwar in-natura tal-oġġett (il-pjaneta nana). Kważi il-[[pjaneta extrasolari|pjaneti extrasolari]] kollha (dawk barra s-Sistema Solari) skoperti s'issa għandhom massa daqs jew ikbar minn ta' Ġove, l-ikbar pjaneta tagħna (l-unika eċċezzjoni hija komposta minn tliet pjaneti orbitanti [[pulsar]], il-bqija ta' splużjoni ta' [[supernova]]. Dawn huma l-uniċi tliet pjaneti extrasolari ta' massa simili għad-Dinja). Il-mottiv huwa derivat minn [[effett ta' selezzjoni]], li fih l-istrumenti tagħna huma kapaċi li jaraw biss pjaneti kbar ħafna u biswit għall-istilla tagħhom, għax l-effetti gravitazzjonali tagħhom huma ikbar u allura iktar faċli li jidhru. Jeżistu probabilment, ħafna iktar pjaneti extrasolari li għadna ma nistgħux niskopru. Barra minn hekk, huwa probabbli li l-pjaneti skopruti s'issa, mhux simili għall-ġganti gassużi li nafu, għax huma tant viċin l-istilla tagħhom li għandhom temperaturi elevati (anki sa' eluf ta' gradi għal xi wħud), u spiss ikollhom [[Orbita ellittika|orbita altament ellittika]], li twassalhom alternattivament, viċin u 'l bogħod mill-istilla tagħhom. Huwa maħsub li l-pjaneti ġew ffurmati fil-kollass tan-[[nebulosa]] stess, li kienet l-oriġini tal-istilla ċentrali. Il-mudelli ta' formazzjoni planetarja, jipprevedu li fil-bidu jiffurmaw biljuni ta' korpi żgħar ħafna, li eventwalment jingħaqdu u jiffurmaw korpi ikbar meta jaħbtu ma' xulxin. == Il-pjaneti fl-opri letterarji u ċinematografiċi == {{artiklu prinċipali|Pjaneti immaġinarji}} L-esplorazzjoni ta' pjaneti oħra huwa tema kostanti tal-[[fantaxjenza]], speċjalment b'rabta ma' [[esobioloġija|forom ta' ħajja aljeni]]. Tnejn mill-iktar [[telefilm|serje televiżivi]] fantaxjentifiċi ċelebri, [[Star Trek]] u [[Stargate SG-1]], huma bbażati fuq is-sejba ta' pjaneti u ċiviltajiet ġodda. == Referenzi == * {{ċita web|kunjom1=Britt |isem1=Robert Roy|pubblikatur=Space.com|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/planet_confusion_001101-1.html |titlu=What is a Planet? Debate Forces New Definition|data=2000-11-02|lingwa=en |arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606095841/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/planet_confusion_001101-1.html |arkivju-data=2002-06-06}} * {{ċita web|kunjom1=Britt|isem1=Robert Roy|pubblikatur=Space.com|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/planet_confusion_001101-2.html |titlu=What is a Planet? Debate Forces New Definition (cont.)|data=2000-11-02|lingwa=en |arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020406203803/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/planet_confusion_001101-2.html |arkivju-data=2002-04-26}} * {{ċita web|kunjom1=Britt|isem1=Robert Roy|pubblikatur=Space.com|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/planet_photo_040910.html?mail-08-23 |titlu=Likely First Photo of Planet Beyond the Solar System|data=2004-09-10|lingwa=en}} * {{ċita web|pubblikatur=Spaceflight Now|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0502/11planet/ |titlu=Scientists reveal smallest extra-solar planet yet found |data=2005-02-11|lingwa=en}} * {{ċita konferenza |titlu=Regarding the Criteria for Planethood And Proposed Planetary Classification Schemes|kunjom1=Stern |isem1=S. Alan |kunjom2=Levison |isem2=Harold F. |konferenza=Highlights of Astronomy. As presented at the XXIVth General Assembly of the IAU |post=Manchester, Renju Unit |volum=12 |paġni=205-213 |data=2000 |doi=10.1017/S1539299600013289 |lingwa=en}} == Ħoloq esterni == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060818184350/http://eightplanets.org/ NinePlanets.org] - dawra mas-Sistema Solari * [http://www.iau.org International Astronomical Union] * [http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Solar/ Solar System Live] ([[orrery]] interattiva) * [http://janus.astro.umd.edu/javadir/orbits/ssv.html Solar System Viewer] (animazzjoni) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080216074245/http://www.sky-pics.net/ Stampi tas-sistema solari] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050828180247/http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/sun.html Renderings of the planets] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225110149/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ NASA Planet Quest] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050207060409/http://www.ciw.edu/IAU/div3/wgesp/definition.html Working definition of "planet"] from [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] WGESP — * Dan Green's page on [https://web.archive.org/web/19990222124056/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/icq/ICQPluto.html planet classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104012331/http://www.spacedaily.com/news/outerplanets-04b.html Gravity Rules: The Nature and Meaning of Planethood]; S. Alan Stern; [[22 ta' Marzu]], [[2004]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050404083909/http://www.iau.org/IAU/FAQ/PlutoPR.html On the status of Pluto]; [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]], [[3 ta' Frar]], [[1999]] {{SistemaSolari}} [[Kategorija:Pjaneti]] jk18doradhntu2eaudpnpfldsoo12qn 0 2691 329551 323789 2026-04-25T23:57:15Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Stampa:Solar eclips 1999 4.jpg|thumb|lemin|250px|L-eklissi solari tal-1999. Ir-raġġiera tad-dawl madwar id-diska tax-xemx eklissatahi l-korona solari.]] '''Eklissi''' (verb Grieg: ekleipô, "tgħib", għalkemm derivat mill-prefiss 'ex-', " 'il bogħod minn", u l-Grieg 'leipein', "titlaq") huwa avveniment astronomiku li jseħħ meta korp ċelesti jiġi fid-dell ta' korp ieħor. Eklissi tintuża ta' spiss biex tiddeskrivi l-[[eklissi solari]] (eklissi tax-xemx), jiġifieri, meta d-dell tal-[[Qamar]] jiġi fuq wiċċ id-[[Dinja]], jew inkella eklissi lunari (eklissi tal-qamar), meta l-Qamar jidħol fid-dell tad-Dinja. Biss, eklissi tista' tirreferi għal avvenimenti oltrè din is-sistema tad-Dinja u l-Qamar: pereżempju, pjaneta li jimxi fid-dell mitfugħ minn wieħed mill-qmura tiegħu, qamar li jgħaddi mid-dell mitfugħ mill-pjaneta tiegħu, jew qamar li jgħaddi mid-dell mitfugħ minn qamar ieħor. Eklissi hija tip ta' [[siżiġija]]. Eklissijiet huma impossibli fuq il-pjaneti [[Merkurju (pjaneta)|Merkurju]] u [[Venere (pjaneta)|Venere]], għax dawn m'għandhomx qmura. ==Ara wkoll== * [[Eklissi solari]] * [[Eklissi lunari]] * [[Siżiġija]] * [[Lista ta' eklissi solari]] == Ħoloq esterni == {{commons|Eclipse}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060501065549/http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/eclipsecycles.htm Katalogu ta' Ċikli Eklittiċi] * [http://www.hermit.org/Eclipse/when_search.shtml Fittex 5,000 sena ta' eklissijiet]* [https://archive.is/20120523184353/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html Il-homepage tan-NASA dwar l-eklissijiet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011104054556/http://www.eclipses.info/ International Astronomical Union's Working Group on Solar Eclipses] * [http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Eclipses.htm Gallerija ta' stampi ta' Eklissijiet Solari u Lunari] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210318014324/http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/SolarEclipsesGoogleMaps.html Sit interattiv dwar l-eklissijiet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309153121/http://www.zam.fme.vutbr.cz/~druck/Eclipse/ Sit ta' fotografija ta' eklissijiet ta' Prof. Druckmüller] * [http://www.totaleclipses.com Dan McGlaun's Total Eclipse web site] * [http://www.williams.edu/astronomy/eclipse Kollezzjoni ta' stampi dwar l-eklissijiet ta' Williams College] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080612165550/http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Astronomy/Rahu.html Għalfejn il-Ħindu jemmnu li d-dimonji mitoloġiċi Rahu u Ketu jikkawżaq l-eklissi solari?] [[Category:Eklissi| ]] [[Category:Avvenimenti astronomiċi]] 06am8upne055luwj2ui70c4ist9sq3z 0 25444 329550 313018 2026-04-25T23:26:05Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Tim tal-Futbol | isem = Catania Beach Soccer | isem_sħiħ = Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Catania Beach Soccer | stampa = | ismijiet_oħra = ''Iljunfant'' | fundazzjoni = 2004 | proprjetarju = | president = Giuseppe Bosco | kowċ = Fabio Panizza | grawnd = Domusbet Arena Beach Soccer | jesa' = 2.000 | kampjonat = Serie A | sit_elettroniku = https://www.cataniabeachsoccer.it/ }} L- '''Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Catania Beach Soccer''' hija l-ewwel tim tal-beach soccer f'Katanja . Il-klabb għandu l-kwartieri ġenerali tiegħu fi Gravina ta 'Katanja (CT). == Storja == Imwaqqfa fl- 2004 minn Giuseppe Bosco, bit-trejner Stefano Musumeci, immedjatament ipparteċipat fil-kampjonat tas-Serje A. L-ewwel sena rebaħ it-Tazza Taljana.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://beachsoccer.lnd.it/it/beachsoccer-news/coppa-italia/bs-semifinali|titlu=Coppa Italia AON: La finale è Terracina-Catania|lingwa=Taljan}}</ref> == Suċċessi == Catania Beach Soccer rebaħ ħafna rebħiet, huwa l-iktar klabb bl-isem fl- [[Italja]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.zonacalciofaidate.it/beach-soccer/la-coppa-italia-beach-soccer-e-del-catania-beach-soccer/|titlu=La Coppa Italia Beach Soccer è del Catania Beach Soccer|lingwa=Taljan}}</ref> * '''Kampjonat Serje''' '''A''' [[File:Scudetto.svg|15px]] 2 (2008 u 2018) * '''Tazza tal-Italja''' [[File:Coccarda Coppa Italia.svg|15px]] 4 (2004, 2005, 2018, 2019) * '''Super Cup Taljana''' [[File:Supercoppa Italiana.svg|8px]] 4 (2006, 2007, 2009, 2016) == Rabtiet esterni == * https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083508/https://www.cataniabeachsoccer.it/ ''(sit uffiċjali)'' * https://www.lnd.it/ ''(''websajt tal-Lega ''Nazzjonali'' tad ''-'' Dilettanti'')'' == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Futbol Taljan]] [[Kategorija:Sports tat-timijiet]] [[Kategorija:Timijiet sportivi]] l5qqlm0tzalhpu6kh8frrh0q5j2f5xj 0 25757 329556 299248 2026-04-26T02:55:32Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija|caption=Maggie Borg id-dar f'Ħaż-Żebbuġ (1993)}} '''Maggie Borg''' (1952-2004) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2015-05-16/blogs-opinions/Those-who-cared-6736135613|titlu=Those who cared - The Malta Independent|kunjom=Borg|isem=Rachel|data=16 May 2015|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=Ingliż|data-aċċess=2022-03-05}}</ref>kienet attivista Maltija għad-drittijiet ambjentali u soċjali. == Attivista ambjentali == Maggie Borg kienet ambjentalista prominenti Maltija.<ref>Sant, Toni (August 4, 2004), "Goodbye Maggie". Toni Sant's blog, MaltaMedia </ref> Hija ħadmet għal Friends of the Earth (Malta) u [https://web.archive.org/web/20191205080552/http://www.greenpeace.org/mediterranean/en/ Greenpeace Mediterranean].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140610085730/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-3688884.html Fishkoff, Sue (August 1, 1997), "Rainbow Warriors". Jerusalem Post]</ref><ref>Borg, Steve (August 16, 2005), "Failed Justification for demolition and enlargement of Sant’ Antnin". Malta Independent.</ref> L-għanijiet ewlenin tagħha kienu l-promozzjoni tar-riċiklaġġ u tal-enerġija nadifa [[Malta|f'Malta]] u fil-pajjiżi tal-[[Mediterran]], u l-preservazzjoni tan-natura f'żoni rurali.<ref>Borg, Maggie, "Have we really gone insane?". The Sunday Times (Malta), June 11, 2000, p. 8</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2009-05-03/opinions/an-inconvenient-truth-224273/ Borg, Steve (May 3, 2009), "An Inconvenient Truth". Malta Independent]</ref> Borg ħadmet flimkien ma’ attivisti Maltin oħra notevoli bħal [[Julian Manduca]], li kellu premju msemmi għalih.<ref>Malta Today (August 7, 2005), "Julian Manduca remembered as annual award launched".[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216080644/http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/2005/08/07/julian_award.html]</ref> Il-grupp rock Malti Dripht iddedika l-album tiegħu Global Warning liż-żewġ ambjentalisti. == Bijografija == Maggie Borg twieldet [[Bormla|f'Bormla]], Malta fl-14 ta' Jannar 1952.<ref>{{Ċita web |data-aċċess=2021-03-05 |titlu="2004 Obituaries". Malta Media |url=http://www.maltamedia.com/news/2004/people.shtml |arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111233848/http://www.maltamedia.com/news/2004/people.shtml |arkivju-data=2005-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kienet it-tifla l-kbira f'familja ta' 10 aħwa. Wara edukazzjoni fl-Iskola Pubblika ta’ Bormla, ħadmet bħala gwida tat-turisti, assistenta ta' ħanut u bħala disinjatur li taħdem għal rasha u manifattur ta’ ġerżijiet tas-suf qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Greenpeace. Borg iżżewwġet ta' età żgħira. Wara li ż-żwieġ tkisser hija kienet ħafna ta' appoġġ għall-ħbieb u l-membri iżgħar tal-familja. Borg kienet toqgħod in-[[Naxxar]] u l-[[Mosta]] u finalment stabbiliet ruħha [[Ħaż-Żebbuġ|f’Ħaż-Żebbuġ]]. Hija kompliet l-edukazzjoni tagħha bħala student matur fl-[[Università ta' Malta|Università ta’ Malta]] fejn kisbet Masters fl-Istudji Soċjoloġiċi u Ambjentali fl-1993. Hija żviluppat kors fl-istudji ambjentali għall-kurrikulu tal-iskola sekondarja u bdiet tgħallem klassijiet fl-Iskola San Anton. Il-mod kif kienet tgħallem kien apprezzat kemm mill-istudenti kif ukoll mill-ġenituri.<ref>Pisani, Louis, "Appreciation, Maggie Borg". The Times (Malta), August 6, 2004, p. 37.</ref><ref>Tanti Burlo, Elena, "Maggie Borg". The Sunday Times (Malta), August 8, 2004, p. 62.</ref> Skont il-ġurnalista [[Daphne Caruana Galizia|Daphne Caruana Galizia,]] fil-Malta Independent: "Il-metodi tagħha tqiesu li ma kinux qed jimxu mat-tagħlim tas-soltu sakemm l-istudenti tagħha bdew jiksbu riżultati tajbin ħafna fl-eżamijiet tal-MATSEC tagħhom."<ref>Caruana Galizia, Daphne (November 2, 2008), "Fine, upstanding, handsome and intelligent – that's right, we're not talking about Saviour Balzan" (reply to comment "Maryanne says", November 3, 2008). Daphne Caruana Galizia's Notebook </ref> == Mewt == Maggie Borg mietet b'[[kanċer]] tas-sider fit-3 ta’ Awwissu 2004, ta’ 52 sena, wara li għexet bil-marda għal kważi għaxar snin. Hija baqgħet attiva sal-aħħar tappoġġja diversi kawżi, bħall-Malta Cancer Foundation.<ref>The Times of Malta (December 20, 2003), "Cancer foundation aims to better radio therapy services".</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Borg, Maggie}} [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2004]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1952]] [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Borg (kunjom)|Maggie]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Bormla]] [[Kategorija:Disinjaturi]] [[Kategorija:Ambjentalisti Maltin]] ejycwwtoetdi85kt3x7me1mswqft6tu 0 26150 329557 326507 2026-04-26T03:01:10Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox grupp etniku|group=Maltin|native_name_lang=Malti|flag=Flag of Malta.svg|flag_caption=Il-bandiera ta' Malta|image=Maltese People.svg|image_caption=Mappa tad-dijaspora Maltija|total1=<small>madwar</small> 400,000–700,000{{ref label|mt|a}}|popplace={{flag|Malta}} 404,113<ref name="census">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220809130759/https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Media/Salient-Points-of-Publications/Documents/2022/Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Preliminary%20Report/Census%20of%20population%202021.pdf Census of population and housing 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809130759/https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Media/Salient-Points-of-Publications/Documents/2022/Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Preliminary%20Report/Census%20of%20population%202021.pdf |date=2022-08-09 }}. pp. 30. ''National Statistics Office of Malta''</ref>|region1={{flag|Awstralja}}|pop1=198,996<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia General Community Profile |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2016/0 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref>|region2={{flag|Kanada}}|pop2=41,920<ref name="statcan">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Ethnic origin population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=0 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref>|region3={{flag|USA}}|pop3=40,820 {{small|(2016)}}<ref name="2016 American Community Survey">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=2016 American Community Survey 1-year estimates |access-date=2018-05-18 }}</ref>|region4={{Flag|UK}}|pop4=40,230<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Population data |work=OECD |format=xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=2009-06-17 }}</ref><br>{{small|(imwieled Malti)}}|region5={{flag|Italja}}|pop5=31,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/countries/IT|title = Italy &#124; Joshua Project}}</ref>|region6={{flag|Afrika t'Isfel}}|pop6=1,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-and-emigrant-populations-country-origin-and-destination|title = Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination|date = 10 February 2014}}</ref>|region7={{flag|Ġermanja}}|pop7=1,000<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-and-emigrant-populations-country-origin-and-destination|title= Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination|date= 10 February 2014}}</ref>|region8={{flag|Turkija}}|pop8=~1,000–2,000<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/maltese-living-in-turkey-celebrate-traditional-feast.585099|title= Maltese living in Turkey celebrate traditional feast|date= 20 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://maltamigration.com/history/exodus/|title= The Great Exodus (Maltese in Turkey from Lancs to the Levant)|date= 10 March 2015}}</ref>|region9={{flag|Tuneżija}}|pop9=< 200 (ħafna ġew relokati f'Malta wara l-1950ijiet)<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.magnazmien.com/stories/maltese-in-tunisia/|title= Maltese in Tunisia|date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>|region10={{flag|Brażil}}|pop10=123 {{small|(2024)}}<ref>[https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)]</ref>|languages='''[[Lingwa Maltija|Malti]]''' <br /> [[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]{{•}}[[Lingwa Taljana|Taljan]]|religions={{Plainlist| Predominantement: <br />[[File:Christian_cross.svg|frameless|upright=0.05]] [[Kristjaneżmu]] {{Hlist|([[Knisja Kattolika|Kattoliċiżmu Ruman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24422.htm |title=Malta |publisher=State.gov |date=1 January 2004 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sansone |first1=Kurt |title=Census 2021: Maltese citizens overwhelmingly identify as Roman Catholics |url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/121338/census_2021_maltese_citizens_overwhelmingly_identify_as_roman_catholics |work=[[Malta Today]] |date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117135402/https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/121338/census_2021_maltese_citizens_overwhelmingly_identify_as_roman_catholics |archive-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>)}} Storikament: <br />[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|frameless|upright=0.05]] [[Iżlam]]<br />{{Hlist|([[Iżlam Sunni|Sunni]]|[[Xigħa]]|[[Iżlam Ibadi|Ibadi]])}} }}|related={{Plainlist| [[Għarab]] (partikolarment l-[[Għarab Sqallin]] li issa huma estinti u t-[[Tuneżini]] moderni), [[Sqallin]], [[Taljani]] oħra (partikolarment f'isfel ta' Italja), [[Griegi]], [[Normanni]], [[Spanjoli]], [[Franċiżi]] }}|footnotes={{note label|mt|a}} Iċ-ċifra totali hija biss stima mill-popolazzjonijiet kollha msemmija.}} Il-'''Maltin''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Maltese'', bit-[[Lingwa Taljana|Taljan]]: ''Maltesi'') huma nazzjon u grupp etniku indiġenu ta’ [[Malta]] li jitkellmu bil-[[Lingwa Maltija|Malti]], lingwa [[Semitiku|Semitika]]. Malta hija gżira f’nofs il-[[Baħar Mediterran]]. Inklużi fil-grupp etniku definit mill-Maltin hemm ukoll l-''Għawdxin'' (bl-Ingliż: ''Gozitans'', bit-Taljan: ''Gozitani'') li jgħixu fil-gżira ta’ [[Għawdex]]. == Storja == Il-Maltin attwali, ikkaratterizzati mill-użu tal-lingwa Maltija u mill-[[Knisja Kattolika|Kattoliċiżmu Ruman]], huwa d-dixxendenti – għalkemm b’ħafna taħlit u ibridizzazzjoni – tal-kolonjalisti minn [[Sqallija]] u [[Kalabrija|Calabria]] li reġgħu popolaw il-gżejjer Maltin fil-bidu tat-tieni millennju wara perjodu ta' żewġ sekli ta’ depopolazzjoni li segwiet il-ħakma Għarbija mill-[[Aglabidi]] fit-870 W.K.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/So-who-are-the-real-Maltese-.535578|titlu=So who are the ‘real’ Maltese?|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://islandofgozo.org/about/history-of-gozo|titlu=History of Gozo {{!}} Gozo Tourism Association|sit=islandofgozo.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> Studju ġenetiku ta’ Capelli ''et al.'' jindika li Malta bilkemm kienet abitata fil-bidu tas-seklu għaxra u x’aktarx li ġiet popolata mill-ġdid minn insedjaturi minn Sqallija u minn Calabria li kienu jitkellmu bis-Sikulo-Għarbi (Għarbi li kien mitkellem Sqallija).<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/genetic-origin-of-contemporary-maltese.9032|titlu=Genetic origin of contemporary Maltese|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> L-abitanti preċedenti tal-gżejjer – il-[[Feniċi]], ir-[[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]], u l-[[Biżantini]] – ma ħallewx ħafna traċċi, peress li ħafna mill-ismijiet tal-postijiet intesew jew ġew sostitwiti. In-[[Normanni]] rnexxielhom jaħkmu l-gżira fl-1091 u kkonvertew lill-abitanti kollha għall-Kristjaneżmu sal-1249. Dan il-proċess ta’ Kristjanizzazzjoni mill-ġdid witta t-triq għall-evoluzzjoni tal-lingwa Maltija mid-djalett Sikulo-Għarbi li issa huwa estint.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|titlu=MED Magazine|sit=macmillandictionaries.com|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401012113/http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|arkivju-data=2023-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> L-influwenzi fuq il-popolazzjoni wara dan ġew diskussi bil-qawwa fost l-istoriċi u l-ġenetisti. Il-kwistjoni dwar l-oriġini hija waħda kkumplikata minħabba bosta fatturi, fosthom l-istorja mqallba ta’ Malta magħmula minn sensiela ta’ invażjonijiet u ħakmiet, b’perjodi twal ta’ depopolazzjoni segwiti minn perjodi ta’ immigrazzjoni lejn Malta u żwiġijiet bejn il-Maltin u l-barranin mill-pajjiżi tal-Mediterran, tal-[[Ewropa tal-Punent|Punent tal-Ewropa]] u tan-[[Ewropa t'Isfel|Nofsinhar tal-Ewropa]] li ħakmu lil Malta. Fost il-ħafna influwenzi demografiċi fuq il-gżira nsibu:{{multiple image|perrow=1|total_width=250|image1=Klederdrachten van het eiland Ghozo Costume de l'île de Ghozo (titel op object) Voyage en Italie, en Sicile et à Malte - 1778 (serietitel), RP-T-00-494-17B.jpg|width1=3620|height1=2932|image2=Klederdrachten van eiland Gozo Costume de Ghozo (titel op object) Voyage en Italie, en Sicile et à Malte - 1778 (serietitel), RP-T-00-494-19C.jpg|width2=3620|height2=2932|image3=Klederdrachten van eiland Gozo Costume de Ghozo (titel op object) Voyage en Italie, en Sicile et à Malte - 1778 (serietitel), RP-T-00-494-19A.jpg|width3=3620|height3=2932|footer=Pitturi tas-seklu 18 ta’ [[Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros]] li juru nies Għawdxin libsin ilbies tradizzjonali}} * L-eżilju lejn Malta tal-popolazzjoni maskili kollha tar-raħal ta’ [[Celano]] (l-[[Italja]]) fl-1223 * It-tneħħija tal-kumplament tal-Għarab minn Malta fl-1224 * L-istazzjonar ta’ truppi Swabjani u Taljani Sqallin f’Malta fl-1240 * Mewġiet oħra ta’ ripopolazzjoni Ewropea matul is-seklu 13<ref>''Constantiae Imperatricis et Reginae Siciliae Diplomata: 1195-1198'', ed. T.K.Slzer (Vienna, 1983), pp. 237-240.</ref> * Il-wasla ta’ diversi eluf ta’ suldati [[Aragoniżi]] (jiġifieri Katalani, Valenzjani, Majjorkani u Aragoniżi proprja, minn [[Spanja]]) mill-1283 sal-1425. * L-insedjament f’Malta ta’ familji nobbli minn Sqallija (l-Italja) u mill-Kuruna ta’ Aragon bejn l-1372 u l-1450 * Il-wasla ta’ bosta eluf ta’ baħrin, suldati u skjavi Griegi minn [[Rodi (belt)|Rodi]] mal-[[Kavallieri ta' San Ġwann|Kavallieri ta’ San Ġwann]] fl-1530 * L-introduzzjoni ta’ diversi eluf ta’ ħaddiema Sqallin fl-1551 u mill-ġdid fl-1566 * L-emigrazzjoni ta’ xi 891 eżiljat Taljan lejn Malta matul ir-''Risorgimento'' fl-1849 * L-istazzjonar ta’ xi 22,000 uffiċjal tas-servizz [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] f’Malta mill-1807 sal-1979 (numru żgħir biss minnhom baqgħu fil-gżejjer)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.geocities.com/melitahistoricac/CC06.htm|titlu=Joseph M. Brincat, "Language and Demography in Malta: The Social Foundations of the Symbiosis between Semitic and Romance in Standard Maltese," in Malta: A Case Study in International Cross-Currents.|sit=www.webcitation.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084256/http://www.geocities.com/melitahistoricac/CC06.htm|arkivju-data=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>, kif ukoll Brittaniċi oħra u Irlandiżi li stabbilew ruħhom Malta tul iż-żmien * L-emigrazzjoni tal-massa li seħħet wara [[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]] u fis-snin 60 u 70 tas-seklu 20. Ħafna Maltin telqu mill-gżira lejn ir-Renju Unit, l-[[Awstralja]], il-[[Kanada]] u l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti tal-Amerka]]. Wara l-adeżjoni ta’ Malta fl-[[Unjoni Ewropea]] fl-2004, inħolqu wkoll komunitajiet ta’ espatrijati f’pajjiżi Ewropej bħall-[[Belġju]]. Maż-żmien, id-diversi mexxejja ta’ Malta ppubblikaw il-fehma tagħhom stess dwar l-etniċità tal-popolazzjoni.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.geocities.com/melitahistoricac/CC03.htm|titlu=Anthony Luttrell, "Medieval Malta: the Non-written and the Written Evidence", in Malta: A Case Study in International Cross-Currents.|sit=www.webcitation.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064956/http://www.geocities.com/melitahistoricac/CC03.htm|arkivju-data=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> Il-Kavallieri ta’ Malta ċekknu r-rwol tal-[[Iżlam]] f’Malta u ppromovew l-idea ta’ preżenza Kattolika Rumana kontinwa.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.geocities.com/melitahistorica/index1.html|titlu=history conservation Malta David Mallia Malta Historical Society Melita Historica|data=2008-03-14|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314001257/http://www.geocities.com/melitahistorica/index1.html|arkivju-data=2008-03-14|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Ġenetika == [[Stampa:Europe_Y_semino.png|lemin|daqsminuri|Distribuzzjonijiet tal-kromożoma Y fl-Ewropa. Il-Maltin għandhom distribuzzjoni simili ta’ aplogruppi tal-Y-DNA bħat-Taljani tan-Nofsinhar tal-Italja]] L-aplogruppi tal-Y-DNA jinstabu fil-frekwenzi li ġejjin f’Malta: R1 (35.55 % inkluż 32.2 % R1b), J (28.90 % inkluż 21.10 % J2 u 7.8 % J1), I (12.20 %), E (11.10 % inkluż 8.9 % E1b1b), F (6.70 %), K (4.40 %), P (1.10 %). L-aplogruppi R1 u I huma tipiċi fil-popolazzjonijiet Ewropej u l-aplogruppi E, K, F u J jikkonsistu minn arbli tar-razza b’distribuzzjoni differenzjali l-iktar fil-Lvant Nofsani u fit-Tramuntana tal-[[Afrika]]. L-istudju ta’ Capelli ''et al''. ikkonkluda li l-irġiel kontemporanji ta’ Malta x'aktarx oriġinaw min-Nofsinhar tal-Italja.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/genetic-origin-of-contemporary-maltese.9032|titlu=Genetic origin of contemporary Maltese|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> L-istudju jindika wkoll li Malta bilkemm kienet abitata fil-bidu tas-seklu għaxra u x’aktarx kienet reġgħet ġiet popolata minn insedjaturi minn Sqallija u minn Calabria li kienu jitkellmu bis-Sikulo-Għarbi. Dawn is-sejbiet jikkonfermaw l-evidenza onomastika u lingwistika ppreżentata fl-1993 minn [[Geoffrey Hull]], li rintraċċa l-eqdem kunjomijiet Maltin fin-Nofsinhar u fix-Xlokk ta’ Sqallija, speċjalment fid-distrett ta’ [[Agrigento]].<ref>Geoffrey Hull, ''The Malta Language Question: A Case Study in Cultural Imperialism'', Valletta: Said International, 1993, pp. 317-330.</ref> L-istudju ta’ Capelli ''et al''. tal-2015 għamel raggruppament tal-markaturi ġenetiċi Maltin tal-irġiel ma’ dawk minn Sqallija u minn Calabria, b’input minuskolu mil-Lvant tal-Mediterran b’affinità ġenetika mal-[[Libanu]] Kristjan.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/genetic-origin-of-contemporary-maltese.9032|titlu=Genetic origin of contemporary Maltese|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> Studju ieħor imwettaq mill-ġenetisti [[Spencer Wells]] (2017) u [[Pierre Zalloua]] tal-Università Amerikana ta’ [[Bejrut]] sostna li iktar minn 50 % tal-kromożomi Y mill-irġiel Maltin jaf għandhom oriġini Feniċi.<ref>{{Ċita rivista|kunjom1=Zalloua|isem1=Pierre A.|kunjom2=Platt|isem2=Daniel E.|kunjom3=Sibai|isem3=Mirvat El|kunjom4=Khalife|isem4=Jade|kunjom5=Makhoul|isem5=Nadine|data=2008-11-17|titlu=Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean|url=https://www.cell.com/ajhg/abstract/S0002-9297(08)00547-8|rivista=The American Journal of Human Genetics|lingwa=Ingliż|volum=83|numru=5|iktar=|paġni=633–642}}</ref> Madankollu, ta’ min jinnota li dan l-istudju mhuwiex rieżaminat mill-pari u hemm studji ewlenin li jikkontradiċu s-sejbiet tiegħu, u li juru bil-provi li l-Maltin għandhom antenati komuni mat-Taljani tan-Nofsinhar tal-Italja, b’input ġenetiku negliġibbli mil-Lvant tal-Mediterran jew mill-Afrika ta’ Fuq.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/genetic-origin-of-contemporary-maltese.9032|titlu=Genetic origin of contemporary Maltese|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> == Kultura == [[Stampa:Luigi Maria Ugolini, Maltese lady wearing għonnella in the Tarxien temples.jpg|daqsminuri|Qabel is-snin 70 tas-seklu 20, in-nisa Maltin storikament kienu jilbsu l-[[għonnella]], libsa tradizzjonali li saret simbolu ta’ identità Maltija, devozzjoni reliġjuża u pudur<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/the-last-ghonnella.799026|titlu=The last għonnella|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref>]] Il-kultura ta’ Malta hija riflessjoni ta’ diversi kulturi li ġew f’kuntatt mal-Gżejjer Maltin tul is-sekli, inkluż kulturi Mediterranji ġirien, u l-kulturi tan-nazzjonijiet li ħakmu lil Malta għal perjodi twal ta’ żmien qabel l-[[Jum l-Indipendenza (Malta)|indipendenza]] tagħha fl-1964. Il-kultura ta’ Malta moderna ġiet deskritta bħala “mudell rikk ta’ tradizzjonijiet, twemmin u prattiki”, li huwa r-riżultat ta’ “proċess twil ta’ adattament, assimilazzjoni u fertilizzazzjoni trasversali ta’ twemmin u ta’ drawwiet minn diversi sorsi konfliġġenti”. Kienet soġġetta għall-istess proċessi kumplessi u storiċi li wittew it-triq għat-taħlita lingwistika u etnika li tiddefinixxi min huma l-Maltin u l-Għawdxin illum.<ref>J. Cassar Pullicino, "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in ''Studies in Maltese Folklore'', Malta University Press (1992), p. 68.</ref> === Lingwa === Il-Maltin jitkellmu l-Malti, lingwa vernakulari ibrida unika li bażikament hija Semitika iżda b’''superstratum'' [[Lingwi Rumanzi|Rumanz]] [[Stampa:Il-Kantilena.png|lemin|daqsminuri|''[[Cantilena|Il-Kantilena]]'' ta’ [[Pietru Caxaro]], l-eqdem test bil-lingwa Maltija, is-seklu 15]] (Taljan) imponenti, u miktuba bl-alfabett Latin fil-forma standard tiegħu. Il-lingwa ġejja mis-Sikulo-Għarbi, djalett estint tal-Għarbi li kien mitkellem fi Sqallija min-nies indiġeni li dak iż-żmien kienu maqsuma fir-[[reliġjon]] fi Kristjani tar-rit Grieg u Musulmani li l-antenati reċenti tagħhom kienu Sqallin ikkonvertiti mill-Kristjaneżmu.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/MED-magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|titlu=MED Magazine|data=2008-05-09|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509033627/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/MED-magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|arkivju-data=2008-05-09|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Tul l-istorja ta’ Malta, il-lingwa adottat ammonti kbar ta’ kelmiet fil-vokabularju mill-[[Lingwa Sqallija|Isqalli]] u mit-Taljan, isselfet ammont inqas ta’ kliem mill-Ingliż (l-angliċiżmi huma iktar komuni fil-Malti kollokjali milli fil-lingwa letterarja), u sselfet ftit għexieren ta’ kelmiet mill-Franċiż. Numru kbir ta’ kelmiet u idjomi li jidhru Għarab mal-ewwel daqqa t’għajn huma fil-fatt traduzzjonijiet ta’ kelmiet misselfa (kalki) mill-Isqalli u mit-Taljan li ftit li xejn jagħmlu sens għal kelliema ta’ lingwi oħra ġejjin mill-[[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]]. Il-Malti sar lingwa uffiċjali ta’ Malta fl-1934, minflok it-Taljan u flimkien mal-Ingliż. Huwa stmat li hemm madwar 371,900 kelliem tal-Malti f’Malta, bi statistika li tikkwota li 100 % tal-popolazzjoni kapaċi titkellem bil-Malti, 88 % bl-Ingliż, 66 % bit-Taljan u 17 % bil-Franċiż, li juri grad ikbar ta’ ħiliet lingwistiċi mill-biċċa l-kbira ta’ pajjiżi Ewropej oħra.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|titlu=Europeans and their Languages (PDF) Ec.europa.eu.}}</ref> Fil-fatt, il- [[multilingwiżmu]] huwa fenomenu komuni f’Malta, bl-Ingliż, bil-Malti u xi kultant bit-Taljan li jintużaw fil-ħajja ta’ kuljum. Filwaqt li l-Malti huwa l-lingwa nazzjonali, ġie ssuġġerit li bl-axxendenza tal-Ingliż tista’ tibda sseħħ bidla fil-lingwa; għalkemm stħarriġ li jmur lura għall-2005 issuġġerixxa li l-persentaġġ ta’ Maltin li jitkellmu bil-Malti bħala l-lingwa materna tagħhom f’Malta baqa’ għoli (97 %).<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_237.en.pdf|titlu="EUROPEANS AND LANGUAGES" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu.|data=2007-01-28|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128095746/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_237.en.pdf|arkivju-data=2007-01-28|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> === Reliġjon === Il-Kostituzzjoni ta’ Malta tipprevedi l-libertà tar-reliġjon imma tistabbilixxi l-Kattoliċiżmu Ruman bħala r-reliġjon tal-istat. Il-popolazzjoni Maltija oriġinali kienet Kristjana tar-rit Biżantin (Grieg), bħall-komunitajiet Kristjani iktar antiki ta’ Sqallija. Konsegwentement, l-iktar saff antik tal-vokabularju liturġiku bil-Malti jikkonsisti minn kliem Grieg u Għarbi (dan tal-aħħar użat fil-qima mis-Sqallin tar-rit Biżantin li kienu jitkellmu bl-Għarbi matul l-okkupazzjoni Musulmana). Ir-rit Ruman (bil-Latin bħala l-lingwa liturġika) ġie impost fil-gżejjer kollha fil-bidu tas-seklu erbatax, għalkemm il-knisja Kattolika Griega ġiet stabbilita mill-ġdid wara l-1530 mill-Kavallieri ta’ San Ġwann għas-segwaċi tagħhom minn Rodi u minn inħawi oħra tal-[[Greċja]]. Malta hija deskritta fil-[[Atti tal-Appostli|Ktieb tal-Atti tal-Appostli]] (Atti 27:39-42 u Atti 28:1-11) bħala l-post fejn [[Pawlu l-Appostlu]] safa nawfragu fi triqtu lejn [[Ruma]] biex jgħaddi mill-proċess ġudizzjarju. Freedom House u l-''World Factbook'' jirrappurtaw li 98 % tal-Maltin huma Kattoliċi (l-iktar tar-rit Ruman, b’minoranza tar-rit Biżantin), u b’hekk in-nazzjon huwa wieħed mill-iktar pajjiżi Kattoliċi fid-dinja.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/MT.htm|titlu=Catholic Church in Malta|sit=www.gcatholic.org|data-aċċess=2021-04-27}}</ref> == Emigrazzjoni == [[Stampa:Malta_-_Floriana_-_Valletta_Waterfront_-_Laguna_Marina_-_Child_Migrants'_Memorial_03_ies.jpg|daqsminuri|Mafkar tal-Migranti Tfal, fix-Xatt tal-[[Valletta|Belt Valletta]], li jfakkar it-310 migranti tfal Maltin li vvjaġġaw lejn l-Awstralja bejn l-1950 u l-1965.]] [[Stampa:Nicolas Isouard.jpg|daqsminuri|[[Nicolò Isouard]] kien kompożitur Malti li għex u ħadem fi [[Franza]].]] Malta ilha pajjiż ta’ emigrazzjoni, b’komunitajiet Maltin kbar jgħixu f’pajjiżi oħra li jitkellmu bl-Ingliż kif ukoll fi [[Franza]] L-emigrazzjoni tal-massa qabdet ġmielha fis-seklu 19, u laħqet il-quċċata tagħha fid-deċennji ta’ wara t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. L-emigrazzjoni kienet inizjalment lejn il-pajjiżi tat-Tramuntana tal-Afrika (partikolarment l-[[Alġerija]], it-[[Tuneżija]] u l- [[Eġittu]]); iktar ’il quddiem l-emigranti Maltin bdew imorru lejn ir-Renju Unit, l-Istati Uniti, il-Kanada u l-Awstralja.<ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/2021-census-how-many-maltese-are-there-in-australia</ref> Fadal ftit traċċi tal-komunitajiet Franċiżi-Maltin fit-Tramuntana tal-Afrika, peress li l-biċċa l-kbira minnhom ġew spostati, wara li bdew ifeġġu l-movimenti tal-indipendenza, lejn postijiet bħal Franza (speċjalment lejn Marsilja u r-Rivjera), ir-Renju Unit jew l-Awstralja. Il-Franċiżi-Maltin huma kulturalment distinti mill-Maltin minn Malta, fis-sens li tal-ewwel baqgħu marbuta mal-użu tal-lingwa Taljana (spiss, iżda mhux dejjem, flimkien mal-Malti) kif ukoll jitkellmu bil-Franċiż. Għalkemm l-emigrazzjoni ma baqgħetx tkun fenomenu soċjali sinifikanti, għad hemm komunitajiet Maltin importanti fl-Awstralja, fil-Kanada, fl-Istati Uniti u fir-Renju Unit. L-emigrazzjoni naqset b’mod drammatiku wara nofs is-snin sebgħin tas-seklu 20 u minn dak iż-żmien ’l hawn ma baqgħetx fenomenu soċjali sinifikanti. Minn meta Malta ssieħbet fl-Unjoni Ewropea fl-2004, iffurmaw komunitajiet ta’ espatrijati f’għadd ta’ pajjiżi Ewropej, partikolarment fil-Belġju u fil-[[Lussemburgu]]. == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} {{Commonscat}} [[Kategorija:Malta]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:Gruppi etniċi]] bktnypqp2dnjo8whilzgt2z84h7nkwm 0 31939 329554 306308 2026-04-26T01:29:55Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Josef Hoffmann''' jew '''Hoffman''' (twieled fil-15 ta' Diċembru 1870 – miet fis-7 ta' Mejju 1956) kien [[arkitett]] u disinjatur [[Awstrija|Awstrijakk]]-Moravjan. Huwa kien fost il-fundaturi tas-[[Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna|Seċessjoni]] ta' [[Vjenna]] u stabbilixxa b'mod konġunt l-hekk imsejjaħ ''Wiener Werkstätte''. L-iżjed xogħol arkitettoniku famuż tiegħu kien il-[[Palazz ta' Stoclet]], fi [[Brussell]], il-[[Belġju]] (1905–1911), xogħol pijunier tal-Arkitettura Moderna, l-Art Deco u l-quċċata tal-arkitettura tas-Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna. == Bijografija == === Ħajja bikrija u edukazzjoni === Hoffmann twieled f'Brtnice / Pirnitz, il-Moravja (issa parti mir-[[Repubblika Ċeka]]), l-Awstrija / l-[[Ungerija]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://collection.cooperhewitt.org/people/18046353/|titlu=Josef Hoffmann {{!}} People {{!}} Collection of Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum|sit=collection.cooperhewitt.org|data-aċċess=2024-04-14|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109094919/http://collection.cooperhewitt.org/people/18046353/|arkivju-data=2014-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> Missieru kien modestament għani u kien is-sid konġunt ta' fabbrika tat-tessuti, kif ukoll is-sindku ta' raħal żgħir. Misseru ħeġġu jsir [[avukat]] jew ħaddiem taċ-ċivil, u bagħtu fi skola sekondarja prestiġjuża, iżda xejn ma kien għal qalbu hemmhekk. Iktar 'il quddiem iddeskriva s-snin li qatta' f'dik l-iskola bħala "snin ta' mistħija u tortura li avvelenawli żgħożiti u ħallewni b'sensazzjoni ta' inferjorità li damet sal-lum".<ref>Sarnitz, August (2017). ''Josef Hoffmann. In the Realm of Beauty''. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN <bdi>978-3-8228-5591-1</bdi>. p. 12.</ref> Fil-bidu tal-1887, minflok, ġie ttrasferit lejn l-Iskola Postsekondarja tal-[[Arti]] u l-[[Artiġjan|Artiġjanat]] f'[[Brno]] / Brünn fejn kiseb il-baċellerat tiegħu fl-1891. Fl-1892, huwa beda l-istudji tiegħu fl-Akkademja tal-Belle Arti ta' Vjenna taħt [[Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer]] u [[Otto Wagner]], tnejn mill-iktar arkitetti prestiġjużi ta' dak iż-żmien. Hemmhekk huwa ltaqa' ma' arkitett emerġenti ieħor ta' dak iż-żmien, [[Joseph Maria Olbrich]]. Fl-1895, Hoffman, flimkien ma' Olbrich, [[Koloman Moser]], [[Carl Otto Czeschka]] u diversi oħrajn, stabbilixxa grupp imsejjaħ is-''Siebener Club'', predeċessur tas-Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna. Taħt il-gwida ta' Wagner, il-proġett tal-gradwazzjoni ta' Hoffman, binja [[Rinaxximent|Rinaxximentali]] mmodernizzata, rebaħ il-''Prix de Rome'' u b'hekk Hoffmann seta' jivvjaġġa u jistudja għal sena fl-[[Italja]]. === Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna (1897–1905) === Meta reġa' lura mill-Italja fl-1897, huwa ngħaqad ma' ditta tal-arkitettura ta' Wagner, u fl-istess sena huwa ngħaqad mal-moviment il-ġdid varat minn Wagner, [[Gustav Klimt]], u oħrajn: is-Soċjetà tal-Artisti Fini Awstrijaċi, magħrufa aħjar bħala s-Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna.<ref>Kenneth Frampton, ''Modern Architecture: A Critical History.'' Thames & Hudson. 1980, 1985, 1992. p. 79.</ref> Minnufih huwa mar jaħdem fuq id-disinn tal-Binja tas-Seċessjoni, l-ewwel gallerija tal-moviment, u ddisinja s-sala tar-riċevimenti u l-uffiċċju, u ppjana l-ewwel wirjiet fil-binja. Huwa kiteb l-ewwel manifest tiegħu għas-Seċessjoni f'dan iż-żmien, fejn appella għal binjiet mingħajr ornamenti inutli. "Mhijiex kwistjoni ta' tlibbis ta' qafas b'tiżjin ridikolu tal-konkos fil-forom, magħmul b'mod industrijali, u lanqas ta' impożizzjoni tal-arkitettura [[Żvizzera]] jew tad-djar bis-saqaf forfċi bħala mudell. Hija kwistjoni li jinħoloq kumpless armonjuż, ta' sempliċità kbira, li jkun adattat għall-individwu... b'kuluri naturali u b'forma magħmula minn id artist..." Fil-kitba tiegħu, Hoffmann ma rrifjutax l-istoriċiżmu għalkollox; huwa faħħar il-mudell tal-Moviment [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] tal-Arti u l-Artiġjanat, u ħeġġeġ lill-artisti jġeddu l-forom u t-tradizzjonijiet lokali. Huwa kiteb li l-elementi bażiċi tal-istil il-ġdid kienu l-awtentiċità fl-użu tal-materjali, l-għaqda fit-tiżjin, u l-għażla ta' stil adattat għas-sit.<ref>Sarnitz, August (2017). ''Josef Hoffmann. In the Realm of Beauty''. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN <bdi>978-3-8228-5591-1</bdi>. p. 15.</ref> Fl-1899, meta kellu disa' u għoxrin sena, huwa beda [[Għalliem|jgħallem]] fil-''Kunstgewerbeschule'', issa l-Università tal-Arti Applikata ta' Vjenna. Huwa ddisinja l-wirja tal-arti ta' Vjenna għall-Espożizzjoni Universali ta' [[Pariġi]] tal-1900, fejn ġie espost l-istil tas-Seċessjoni quddiem udjenza internazzjonali. Fl-1899, huwa ddisinja wkoll it-Tmien Espożizzjoni tas-Seċessjoni, waħda mill-iżjed wirjiet importanti ta' dak iż-żmien, minħabba l-parteċipanti internazzjonali tagħha. Minbarra x-xogħlijiet tal-artisti tas-Seċessjoni, esponiet xogħlijiet tal-artist [[Franza|Franċiż]] [[Jules Meier-Graefe]], il-Belġjan [[Henry van de Velde]], [[Charles Ashbee]], u speċjalment ix-xogħlijiet tad-disinjaturi [[Skozja|Skoċċiżi]] [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] u [[Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh]] minn [[Glasgow]]. Din il-wirja kienet tinkludi grupp ta' djar bħala mudell fil-kwartier ta' Hohe Warte fi Vjenna li ħarġu fid-dieher il-karatteristiċi tal-moviment tal-arti u l-artiġjanat, fosthom twieqi maqsuma f'kwadri żgħar, u s-saqaf forfċi.<ref>Sarnitz, August (2017). ''Josef Hoffmann. In the Realm of Beauty''. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN <bdi>978-3-8228-5591-1</bdi>. pp. 16-17.</ref> Matul dan il-perjodu, ix-xogħol ta' Hoffmann sar iktar rigoruż, iktar [[Ġeometrija|ġeometriku]], u inqas ornamentali. Huwa ffavorixxa l-użu tal-forom ġeometriċi, speċjalment il-kwadri, u l-uċuħ [[Abjad|bojod]] u [[Iswed|suwed]], u iktar 'il quddiem spjega li "dawn il-forom, intelliġibbli għal kulħadd, qatt ma kienu dehru fi stili preċedenti". Huwa ħa ħsieb id-disinn tal-eżebiti frekwenti fil-galleriji tas-Seċessjoni, inkluż il-kontorn tal-freġju famuż ta' Gustav Klimt iddedikat lil [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]].<ref>Sarnitz, August (2017). ''Josef Hoffmann. In the Realm of Beauty''. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN <bdi>978-3-8228-5591-1</bdi>. p. 16.</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Beethovenfries_(1902).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beethovenfries_(1902).jpg|Installation by Josef Hoffmann of the Beethoven Frieze by Gustav Klimt in the Secession Building (1902) File:Josef_hoffmann_per_w._müller,_mobiletto_per_fotografie,_vienna_1902_ca.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Josef_hoffmann_per_w._m%C3%BCller,_mobiletto_per_fotografie,_vienna_1902_ca.jpg|Cabinet for photographs (circa 1902) </gallery> === ''Wiener Werkstätte'' (1903–1932) === Hoffmann iżżewweġ lil [[Anna Hladik]] fl-1898, u flimkien kellhom iben, [[Wolfgang Hoffmann|Wolfgang]], li twieled fl-1900. Huwa kien imħabbat sew bl-Espożizzjoni ta' Pariġi tal-1900, u wirjiet oħra fi Vjenna. Matul dan il-perjodu, huwa bena għadd żgħir ta' binjiet biss, inkluż it-trasformazzjoni ta' dar għall-ħabib tiegħu [[Paul Wittgenstein]]. Huwa bena wkoll diversi djar għal villeġġjatura għall-kollegi u għall-ħbieb tiegħu, kif ukoll knisja [[Luteraniżmu|Luterana]] u dar għal qassis f'St. Aegyd am Neuwald, fl-[[Awstrija t'Isfel]]. Fl-1903, flimkien ma' Koloman Moser, u l-bankier [[Fritz Wärndorfer]], li pprovda l-biċċa l-kbira tal-kapital, huwa vara entità ferm iktar ambizzjuża, il-''Wiener Werkstätte'', fejn għadd ta' artisti u ta' artiġjani kienu jaħdmu flimkien biex joħolqu l-elementi kollha ta' opra tal-arti kompluta, jew ''Gesamtkunstwerk'', inkluż l-arkitettura, l-għamara, il-lampi, ix-xogħol tal-[[ħġieġ]] u tal-metall, il-platti u l-[[pożati]], u t-tessuti. Hoffmann iddisinja varjetà wiesgħa ta' oġġetti għall-''Wiener Werkstätte''. Uħud minnhom, bħas-Siġġu magħruf bħala ''Sitzmaschine'', lampa, u settijiet tal-ħġieġ jinsabu għall-wiri fil-[[Mużew]] tal-Arti Moderna f'[[Belt ta' New York|New York]], u hemm sett tat-te li jinsab fil-kollezzjoni tal-Mużew Metropolitan tal-Arti f'New York. Bosta mix-xogħlijiet kienu magħmula bl-idejn mill-artiġjani tal-grupp u wħud minn manifatturi industrijali. Uħud mid-disinni domestiċi ta' Hoffmann għadhom jiġu prodotti sal-lum, bħas-sett tal-pożati magħruf bħala ''Rundes Modell'', manifatturat minn Alessi. Oriġinarjament kien prodott tal-fidda, iżda s-sett issa jiġi prodott b'azzar inossidabbli ta' kwalità għolja. Eżempju ieħor tal-linji ġeometriċi rigorużi ta' Hoffmann u tat-tema tal-kwadri hija l-Pultruna ikonika magħrufa bħala ''Kubus''. Iddisinjata fl-1910, ġiet ippreżentata fil-Wirja Internazzjonali li saret f'[[Buenos Aires]], l-[[Arġentina]] għaċ-ċentenarju tal-Indipendenza tal-Arġentina, magħrufa bħala r-Rivoluzzjoni ta' Mejju. L-użu kostanti tal-kwadri u tal-kubi min-naħa ta' Hoffmann qallgħuh il-laqam ta' ''Quadratl-Hoffmann'' ("Hofmann ta-Kwadri"). L-istil ta' Hoffmann gradwalment sar iktar sempliċi u astratt u x-xogħol tiegħu kulma jmur sar limitat għal strutturi funzjonali u għal prodotti domestiċi. Il-kunċett ta' studjo tax-xogħol iffjorixxa fis-snin bikrin u nfirex. Fl-1907, Hoffmann kien il-kofundatur tad-''Deutscher Werkbund'', u fl-1912 tal-''Österreichischer Werkbund''. Iżda l-istudjo tax-xogħol kellu sfidi kbar, fosthom [[l-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija]] u mbagħad id-[[Depressjoni l-Kbira]], li laqtu sew lill-[[Ġermanja]] u lill-Awstrija fil-laħam il-ħaj, u b'hekk kellu jingħalaq fl-1932.<gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Armchair_MET_DT8308.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armchair_MET_DT8308.jpg|Armchair of wood and cane (1903), Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) File:Manifattura_jacob_&_josef_kohn,_joseph_hoffmann,_sedia_per_la_sala_da_pranzo_del_sanatorium_westend_a_pürkesdorf,_vienna_1904-05.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manifattura_jacob_&_josef_kohn,_joseph_hoffmann,_sedia_per_la_sala_da_pranzo_del_sanatorium_westend_a_p%C3%BCrkesdorf,_vienna_1904-05.JPG|Chair for the Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904–05) File:Ngv_design,_josef_hoffmann,_adjustable-back_chair_(stitzmachine)_1905_circa_02.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngv_design,_josef_hoffmann,_adjustable-back_chair_(stitzmachine)_1905_circa_02.JPG|Sitzmaschine Armchair (1905) File:Josef_Hoffmann_-_Kubus_Fauteuil_(1910).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Josef_Hoffmann_-_Kubus_Fauteuil_(1910).jpg|''Kubus'' armchair (1910) File:Wiener_werkstätte,_josef_hoffman,_recipienti_in_lamiera,_1904-07.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiener_werkst%C3%A4tte,_josef_hoffman,_recipienti_in_lamiera,_1904-07.JPG|Designs by Hoffmann (1904–08) </gallery> === L-Isptar Speċjalizzat ta' Purkersdorf (1904–1905) === Fl-1905, Hoffmann temm l-ewwel xogħol kbir tiegħu fir-raħal ta' Purkersdorf qrib Vjenna, l-Isptar Speċjalizzat (jew ''Sanatorium'') ta' Purkersdorf. Tbiegħed sew mill-istil tal-Arti u l-Artiġjanat, u b'hekk kien preċedent u ispirazzjoni ewlenin għall-arkitettura moderna li mbagħad żviluppat fl-ewwel nofs tas-seklu 20. Ix-xogħol kellu ċarezza, sempliċità u loġika li mbagħad saru s-sisien tan-''Neue Sachlichkeit''.<gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Sanatoriumpurkersdorf1-2.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sanatoriumpurkersdorf1-2.JPG|General view File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Eingangshalle_3.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Eingangshalle_3.jpg|Entrance Hall File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Gallerie.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Gallerie.jpg|Gallery File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Gallerie_1.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Gallerie_1.jpg|Meeting room </gallery> === Palazz ta' Stoclet (1905–1911) === Il-Palazz ta' Stoclet fi Brussell, il-Belġju, magħmul b'kollaborazzjoni ma' Gustav Klimt, huwa l-iżjed xogħol famuż ta' Hoffmann, tas-Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna, u tal-''Wiener Werkstätte''. Huwa punt ta' żvolta viżibbli mill-istili storiċi għall-arkitettura moderna. Inbena għal [[Adolphe Stoclet]], il-werriet ta' familja sinjura ta' bankiera Belġjani, li kien għex f'[[Milan]] u fi Vjenna, u kien midħla tas-Seċessjoni ta' Vjenna. Hoffmann ippreżenta l-pjanta fl-1905, iżda l-kostruzzjoni, fi tliet stadji, ma tlestietx qabel l-1911. Minn barra, id-dar hija tassew moderna, b'forom ġeometriċi rigorużi, bi ftit tiżjin. Id-dar miksija b'irħam abjad [[Norveġja|Norveġiż]], filwaqt li t-truf tal-forom u t-twieqi għandhom burduri tal-metall skolpit. It-torri ċentrali, għoli kważi għoxrin [[metru]], huwa magħmul minn forom kubiċi assemblati flimkien, u fuq nett għandu erba' [[Statwa|statwi]] tar-ram bil-weraq. Il-pjanta fiha żewġ assi, perpendikolari ma' xulxin. Il-poġġamani madwar il-binja u fuq it-torri għandhom disinni ornamentali stilizzati, u saħansitra l-pjanti fil-ġnien huma miżbura f'forom ġeometriċi biex jikkomplementaw l-arkitettura. Minn ġewwa, id-dar inħadmet minn Hoffmann u mill-artisti tal-''Wiener Werkstätte'', u qisha sensiela ta' xeneġġjaturi teatrali, li joffru veduti ppjanati bir-reqqa minn kamra għall-oħra, u li huma mżejna b'mużajk ikkulurit magħmul minn Klimt, kif ukoll b'ħitan tal-irħam abjad u tal-irħam [[aħdar]] antik. L-art hija miksija bil-folji tal-[[injam]] eżotiku, b'disinni differenti f'kull kamra. Il-kamra tal-ikel fiha sett ta' żewġ [[Pittura|pitturi]] bil-mużajk ta' Klimt, ambjentati qalb kolonni tal-irħam u mużajk ta' Klimt, flimkien ma' kolonni ġeometriċi tal-irħam u ħitan miksijin b'mudelli stilizzati bil-fjuri ddisinjati minn Hoffmann u Klimt. Kull dettall tad-dar, inkluż il-banju rettangolari tal-irħam abjad, imdawwar bi plakek tal-irħam bl-[[Skultura|iskulturi]] u mqiegħed f'art tal-irħam [[blu]], il-panewijiet illostrati tal-pallisandru fil-kamra tas-sodda, u l-uċuħ, l-art u l-għamara tal-kċina, saru mill-''Werkstätte'' u ġew ippjanati apposta biex joħolqu armonija mad-disinn kumplessiv. Il-binja tniżżlet fil-lista tas-[[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji|Siti ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]].<gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> File:20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20120923_Brussels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06725_PtrQs.jpg|Stoclet Palace (1905–1911) File:20120923_Bruessels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06760_PtrQs.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20120923_Bruessels_PalaisStoclet_Hoffmann_DSC06760_PtrQs.jpg|Windows of the Stoclet Palace File:Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_(6).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruxelles_-_Palais_Stoclet_(6).jpg|Detail of the facade, made of reinforced concrete covered with marble plaques File:View_of_the_Dining_Room_at_Palais_Stoclet.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_the_Dining_Room_at_Palais_Stoclet.jpg|Photograph of the Stoclet Palace's dining room, with furniture by Hoffmann and ceramic frieze by Gustav Klimt </gallery> == Għażla ta' xogħlijiet arkitettoniċi == * 1900–1911: Disinjatur għall-Kolonja tal-Artisti ta' Hohe Warte; * 1900–1901: Dar Doppja għal Koloman Moser u Carl Moll; * 1904: Sptar Speċjalizzat ta' Purkersdorf; * 1905–1906: Dar għall-[[kittieb]] Richard Beer-Hofmann fi Vjenna; * 1905–1911: Palazz ta' Stoclet fi Brussell, il-Belġju; * 1907: Tiżjin intern tal-Kabarett Fledermaus fi Vjenna; * 1909–1911: Residenza Ast fi Vjenna; * 1913–1915: Residenza Skywa-Primavesi fi Vjenna; * 1913–1914: Dar tal-villeġġjatura għal Otto Primavesi f'Kouty nad Desnou (Winkelsdorf), il-Moravja (inqerdet min-nirien fl-1922); * 1919–1924: Dar għal Sigmund Berl f'Bruntal, il-Moravja; * 1920–1921: Villa għal Fritz Grohmann f'Vrbno pod Pradedem, il-Moravja; * 1923–1925: Kumpless ta' Abitazzjonijiet Urbani ta' Klosehof; * 1924–1925: Villa Knips fi Vjenna, magħmula għal Sonja Knips; * 1930–1932: Erbat idjar f'ringiela għas-sede tal-''Werkbund'' ta' Vjenna (''Werkbund Siedlung''); * 1934: Disinn tal-fergħa ta' Viktorin-Werke f'Burgring 3, Vjenna flimkien ma' Oswald Haerdtl; * 1934: Paviljun Awstrijakk fil-Biennali ta' [[Venezja]]. == Għażla ta' għamara == * 1904: Pultruna ta' Purkersdorf; * 1905: Pultruna magħrufa bħala ''Sitzmaschine''; * 1905: Pultruna ta' Kunstschau; * 1905–1910: Pultruna tal-Palazz ta' Stoclet; * 1907: Pultruna ta' Fledermaus; * 1907: Sett ta' siġġijiet magħruf bħala "Buenos Aires" (prodott minn J&J Kohn bħala 675C/F/S); * 1908: Siġġu magħruf bħala ''Siebenkugelstuhl''; * 1908: Siġġu magħruf bħala ''Armloffel''; * 1910: Pultruna magħrufa bħala ''Kubus''; * 1910: Pultruna magħrufa bħala ''Club''; * 1911: Siġġu tad-Dar ta' Koller. == Gallerija == === 1899–1910 === <gallery> File:Anlage_Landhaus_Bergerhöhe,_Hohenberg_03.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anlage_Landhaus_Bergerh%C3%B6he,_Hohenberg_03.jpg|Bergerhöhe 1 (1899) File:Personalwohnhaus_und_Kanzleigebäude_129862_in_A-3183_Hohenberg.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Personalwohnhaus_und_Kanzleigeb%C3%A4ude_129862_in_A-3183_Hohenberg.jpg|Untere Hauptstraße 4–6 (1900) File:Steinfeldgasse4.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steinfeldgasse4.jpg|Villa Spitzer (1903) File:Haus_Moser-Moll,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haus_Moser-Moll,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|House Moser-Moll (1903) File:St_Aegyd_evangelische_Pfarrkirche-2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Aegyd_evangelische_Pfarrkirche-2.jpg|Protestant church (1903) File:Poldihaus_Kladno.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poldihaus_Kladno.jpg|Union hotel (1903) File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Ostseite.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purkersdorf_Sanatorium_Ostseite.jpg|Sanatorium Purkersdorf (1905) File:Moderne_Villen_in_Meisteraquarellen_Serie_II_Tafel_039_Wien-Währing_Villa_Hasenauerstraße_59.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moderne_Villen_in_Meisteraquarellen_Serie_II_Tafel_039_Wien-W%C3%A4hring_Villa_Hasenauerstra%C3%9Fe_59.JPG|House for Beer-Hofmann (1906) File:Wollergasse10.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wollergasse10.jpg|House Moll II (1906) File:Cabaret_Fledermaus_Vorraum_um_1907.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cabaret_Fledermaus_Vorraum_um_1907.jpg|Cabaret "Fledermaus" (1907) File:Seilerstätte_24.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seilerst%C3%A4tte_24.jpg|Seilerstätte 24 (1908) File:Emil_Zuckerkandl_grave,_2016.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emil_Zuckerkandl_grave,_2016.jpg|Tomb for Emil Zuckerkandl (1908) </gallery> === 1910–1954 === <gallery> File:Steinfeldgasse2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steinfeldgasse2.jpg|Steinfeldgasse 2 (1911) File:Palais_Stoclet,_vue_ensemble.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palais_Stoclet,_vue_ensemble.JPG|Stoclet Palace (1911) File:Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grinzinger_Friedhof_-_Gustav_Mahler.jpg|Tomb for Gustav Mahler (1911) File:Grabmal_Paul_Wittgenstein_und_Helene_Hochstetter,_Friedhof_Grinzing.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grabmal_Paul_Wittgenstein_und_Helene_Hochstetter,_Friedhof_Grinzing.jpg|Tomb for Paul Wittgenstein (1912) File:Oberwaltersdorf_Kollerhaus.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oberwaltersdorf_Kollerhaus.jpg|Pfarrgasse 15 (1913) File:Haus_Botstiber-Hertzka,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haus_Botstiber-Hertzka,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|Kaasgrabengasse 30-32 (1914) File:Haus_Drucker-Wellesz,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haus_Drucker-Wellesz,_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg|Kaasgrabengasse 36–38 (1914) File:Suttingergasse_12-14_(Döbling)_III.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suttingergasse_12-14_(D%C3%B6bling)_III.jpg|Suttingergasse 12–14 (1914) File:Suttingergasse_16-18_(Döbling)_I.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suttingergasse_16-18_(D%C3%B6bling)_I.jpg|Suttingergasse 16–18 (1914) File:Villa_Skywa-Primavesi_3.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Villa_Skywa-Primavesi_3.jpg|Villa Primavesi (1915) File:Vila_čp._298_(Vrbno_pod_Pradědem)_2.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vila_%C4%8Dp._298_(Vrbno_pod_Prad%C4%9Bdem)_2.JPG|Tschechien (1921) File:Haus_Knips_I.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haus_Knips_I.jpg|House for Sonja Knips (1924) File:Klosehof_Fruchtträgerinnen_Ansicht_2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Klosehof_Fruchttr%C3%A4gerinnen_Ansicht_2.jpg|Klose-Hof (1925) File:Haus-Stromstraße_36-38-01.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haus-Stromstra%C3%9Fe_36-38-01.jpg|Winarsky-Hof (1925) File:Otto_Wagner_Denkmal_2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Otto_Wagner_Denkmal_2.jpg|Monument for Otto Wagner (1930) File:Laxenburger_Straße_24.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laxenburger_Stra%C3%9Fe_24.JPG|Laxenburger Straße 94 (1932) File:Josef_Hoffmann,_1931-1932,_A1130_Wien,_Veitingergasse_83-85,_Werkbundsiedlung.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Josef_Hoffmann,_1931-1932,_A1130_Wien,_Veitingergasse_83-85,_Werkbundsiedlung.jpg|Veitingergasse 79–85 (1932) File:Biennale_Venedig,_Austria_Pavillon,_Josef_Hoffmann_1.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biennale_Venedig,_Austria_Pavillon,_Josef_Hoffmann_1.jpg|Austrian Pavilion at Venice Biennale (1934) File:Christoph_Reisser_Soehne_8_stitched.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christoph_Reisser_Soehne_8_stitched.jpg|Arbeitergasse 1-7 / Spengergasse (1939) File:Blechturmgasse_23-27-2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blechturmgasse_23-27-2.jpg|Blechturmgasse 23–27 (1950) File:Wohnhausanlage_Silbergasse_4_(Döbling)_06.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wohnhausanlage_Silbergasse_4_(D%C3%B6bling)_06.jpg|Silbergasse 2–4 (1952) File:Wohnhausanlage_Heiligenstädter_Straße_129_Straßenfront_II.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wohnhausanlage_Heiligenst%C3%A4dter_Stra%C3%9Fe_129_Stra%C3%9Fenfront_II.jpg|Heiligenstädter Straße 129 (1954) </gallery> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT: Hoffman, Josef}} [[Kategorija:Arkitetti]] [[Kategorija:Disinjaturi]] [[Kategorija:Awstrija]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1870]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-1956]] akrism2li4wo546z1t5z38ytiaotv30 0 31988 329552 306634 2026-04-26T00:52:35Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:0698 - PA - La Zisa - Iscrizione funebre quadrilingue - Foto G. Dall'Orto1.jpg|daqsminuri|Epitafju [[Kristjaneżmu|Kristjan]] f'''[[Palazz ta' Zisa|La Zisa]]'' f'[[Palermo]], datat mill-1149 sena, miktub b'erba' lingwi: [[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]] (fuq), [[Ebrajk]] (qiegħ), [[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]] [[Biżantini|Biżantin]] (lemin) u [[Lingwa Latina|Latin]] (xellug).]] Id-djalett ta' '''Għarbi Sqalli''' jew '''Sikulo-Għarbi''' (bl-[[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]]: اللَّهْجَة الْعَرَبِيَّة الصِّقِلِّيَّة, b'ittri Latini: ''al-lahġa l-Għarabija ṣ-Siqillija'') huwa t-terminu użat għall-varjetajiet tal-[[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]] li kienu mitkellma fl-Imaret l-[[Sqallija|Isqallija]] (jew l-[[Emirat ta' Sqallija]] li kien jinkludi [[Malta]]) mis-seklu 9, u qed jibqa' taħt il-ħakma Normanna sussegwenti sas-seklu 13.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2008/2008-039.pdf|titlu=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code}}</ref> Kien ġej mill-Għarbi wara l-konkwista Għabbasija fi Sqallija fis-seklu 9 u żgħar bil-mod wara l-[[Konkwista Normanna tan-Nofsinhar tal-Italja|konkwista Normanna]] fis-seklu 11. L-Għarbi Sqalli hu mejjet u indikat bħala djalett storika ta l-Għarbi li hija attestata biss f'kitbiet mis-sekli 9-13 fi Sqallija.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sqr|titlu=639 Identifier Documentation: sqr}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2008/2008-039_sqr.pdf|titlu=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3}}</ref> Madankollu, il-lingwa [[Lingwa Maltija|Maltija]] tal-lum huwa meqjus bħala l-waħdien dixxendent tiegħu li baqa' qed ħaj, peress li huwa fil-bażi [[Lingwi Semitiċi|lingwa Semitika]] li evolviet minn wieħed mid-djaletti tal-Għarbi Sqalli matul l-aħħar 800 sena, għalkemm fi proċess gradwali ta' [[wiktionary:Special:Search/latinisation|Latinizzazzjoni]] li ta lill-Malti influwenza sinjifikanti ta' superstrat [[Lingwi Rumanzi|Rumanz]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2008/2008-039_sqr.pdf|titlu=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita ktieb|data=14 September 2014|titlu=So who are the 'real' Maltese|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140914/local/So-who-are-the-real-Maltese-.535578|url-status=live|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063245/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140914/local/So-who-are-the-real-Maltese-.535578|arkivju-data=2016-03-12|kwotazzjoni=The kind of Arabic used in the Maltese language is most likely derived from the language spoken by those that repopulated the island from Sicily in the early second millennium; it is known as Siculo-Arab. The Maltese are mostly descendants of these people.}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Brincat, 2005|titlu=Maltese – an unusual formula|url=http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|kwotazzjoni=Originally Maltese was an Arabic dialect but it was immediately exposed to Latinisation because the Normans conquered the islands in 1090, while Christianisation, which was complete by 1250, cut off the dialect from contact with Classical Arabic. Consequently Maltese developed on its own, slowly but steadily absorbing new words from Sicilian and Italian according to the needs of the developing community.|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401012113/http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|arkivju-data=2023-04-01|access-date=2024-04-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> B'kuntrast, l-[[Lingwa Sqallija|Isqalli tal-lum]], li huwa lingwa Rumana Italo-Dalmazja, iżżomm ftit li xejn l-Għarbi Sqalli, bl-influwenza tiegħu tkun limitata għal xi 300 kelma.<ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Ruffino, Giovanni|data=2001|titlu=Sicilia|pubblikatur=Editori Laterza, Bari|paġni=18–20}}</ref> == Storja == === Introduzzjoni għal Sqallija === Matul is-7 u t-8 sekli, Sqallija kienet attakkata minn [[Tuneż|Tunes]]. Il-konkwista Misilma eventwali fuq Sqallija Biżantina kienet biċċa biċċa u bil-mod. Ir-reġjun kien żona tal-fruntiera, anke wara l-waqgħa ta' Taormina fl-962, li lestiet l-invażjoni. Lingwi Rumanzi, bħar-Rumanz Afrikan, u l-Grieg Biżantin komplew jintużaw fil-gżira ħafna wara l-konkwista Iżlamika.<ref name="HaspelmathTadmor2009">{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Martin Haspelmath|kunjom2=Uri Tadmor|data=22 December 2009|titlu=Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnKeVbwTwyYC&pg=PA195|pubblikatur=Walter de Gruyter|paġna=195|isbn=978-3-11-021844-2}}</ref> Il-kelliema tagħha kienu fil-biċċa l-kbira jikkonsisti minn Misilmin Sqallin. Madankollu, ibbażat fuq il-karta tal-fondazzjoni tal-Knisja ta' Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio (miktuba kemm bil-Grieg kif ukoll bl-Għarbi), jista' jiġi spekulat li s-Siculo-Għarbi kien ukoll ilsien matern għal ħafna Sqallin, f'dan il-każ, Insara Ortodossi ta' [[Palermo]].<ref name="agro">{{Ċita teżi|url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/22630}}</ref> === Renju Norman fi Sqallija === Meta n-Normanni daħlu fi Sqallija, il-gżira kienet maqsuma f’żewġ gruppi lingwistiċi ewlenin m'hux Latini: * Kelliema Għarbi, l-aktar f'[[Palermo]], Agrigento, Butera, Enna u Noto * Kelliema Griegi, l-aktar f'[[Messina]], Taormina, Cefalù, [[Catania|Katanja]] u [[Siracusa|Sirakuża]] Fl-1086, in-Normanni rnexxielhom jiżguraw il-konverżjoni tal-aħħar ħakkiem importanti ta' Bni Kelb ta' [[Enna]] Iben Ħamud.<ref>The Age of Robert Guiscard, 2000, Page 171</ref> Din il-konverżjoni flimkien mal-adozzjoni Normanna ta' ħafna drawwiet Għarab li jirregolaw irriżultaw fil-ħolqien ta' lingwa Kristjana Sikulo-Għarbija. Matul l-era Normanna l-uffiċċju tal-kanċillerija kien jopera bl-Għarbi, bil-Grieg u bil-Latin.<ref>Siculo Arabic, Dionisius Agius, 1996, pp. 79–88.</ref> [[File:TabulaRogeriana_upside-down.jpg|daqsminuri|350x350px|Il-kopja moderna tat-''Tabula Rogeriana'', rasu 'l isfel bit-Tramuntana orjentata 'l fuq.]] ''In-Nuzhat il-Muxtāq f'iħtirāq il-āfāq'' (Għarbi: نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق, <small>litteralment:</small> "il-ktieb ta' vjaġġi pjaċevoli f'artijiet imbiegħda"), l-aktar magħrufa bħala t-''Tabula Rogeriana'' (<small>litteralment:</small> "Il-Ktieb ta' Ruġġer" bil-[[Lingwa Latina|Latin]]) hija deskrizzjoni tal-art u l-mappa tal-art maħluqa mill-ġeografu Għarbi [[Muhammad al-Idrisi|Muħammed l-Idrisi]] bbażat f'Palermo fl-1154. L-Idrisi ħadem fuq il-kummentarji u l-illustrazzjonijiet tal-mappa sa ħmistax-il sena fil-qorti tar-Re [[Normanni|Norman]] Ruggeru II ta' Sqallija, li kkummissjona x-xogħol madwar l-1138.<ref name="houben">Houben, 2002, pp. 102–104.</ref><ref name="harley">Harley & Woodward, 1992, pp. 156–161.</ref> === Tnaqqis wara l-1200 === Fil-perjodu ta' wara l-konkwista, kemm l-Għarbi kif ukoll il-Grieg kienu kultant użati mill-ħakkiema l-ġodda u sussegwentement użati fl-amministrazzjoni fiskali tar-re, li mmaniġġja l-artijiet rjali u l-irġiel fi Sqallija u l-Kalabrija.<ref>Paolo Collura, Le Più antiche carte dell'Archivio capitolare di Agrigento (1092–1282), 1961, pp. 120–126</ref> Il-ħafna dokumenti li ħarġet huma fost is-sorsi ewlenin u l-aktar importanti għall-Għarbi fi Sqallija. Madankollu, meta l-Hohenstaufen ħa il-post tan-Normanni, l-Għarbi twaqqa' bħala lingwa tal-gvern fl-1194<ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Metcalfe|isem=Alex|sena=2018|kapitlu=Language and the Written Record: Loss, Survival and Revival in Early Norman Sicily|kapitlu-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298058515|editur-kunjom1=Mandalà|editur-isem1=Giuseppe|editur-kunjom2=Martín|editur-isem2=Inmaculada Pérez|titlu=Multilingual and Multigraphic Documents and Manuscripts of East and West|paġni=1–32|doi=10.31826/9781463240004-002|isbn=9781463240004}}</ref> u l-Hohenstaufen keċċew lill-Misilmin li kien fadal lejn Lucera u l-Afrika ta' Fuq fis-seklu 13. Minħabba t-tkeċċija, l-uniċi kelliema l-Għarbi Sqalli li kien fadal kienu l-Insara.<ref>S. Gleixner, Sprachrohr kaiserlichen Willens, 2006, pp. 412–413</ref> Meta l-Aragoniżi ħadu Sqallija, introduċew in-nobbli Katalan, ġagħlu l-Latin bħala l-unika lingwa uffiċjali; reġistri uffiċjali bil-Griegi u bl-Għarbi fi Sqallija ma baqgħux jeżistu sas-seklu 14.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/ItalySicily.htm|titlu=Kingdoms of Italy – Sicily}}</ref> L-influwenza Għarbi tibqa' f'numru kliem l-[[Lingwa Sqallija|Isqalli]]. Ħafna minn dawn it-termini huma relatati mal-agrikoltura u attivitajiet relatati. == Relazzjoni mal-lingwa Maltija == [[File:WIKITONGUES-_Keith_speaking_Maltese.webm|daqsminuri|Kelliema Malti, irrekordjat f'[[Malta]].]] Il-lingwa moderna derivata mill-Għarbi Sqalli mitkellma f'[[Malta]] hija magħrufa bħala l-[[Lingwa Maltija|Malti]]. Filwaqt li "l-Għarbi Sqalli" jirreferi għal-lingwa mitkellma qabel l-1300 sena, ma tantx jeżistu rekords mis-seklu 14, u l-ewwel rekord bil-lingwa Maltija huwa ''[[Cantilena|Il-Kantilena]]'' (''Xidew il-Qada'') minn [[Pietru Caxaro]] (tard is-seklu 15), li huwa miktub bl-iskrittura Latina. Il-Malti evolva mill-Għarbi Sqalli permezz ta' proċess gradwali ta' Latinizzazzjoni wara l-Kristjanizzazzjoni mill-ġdid ta' Malta (li kienet lesta sal-1250).<ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Brincat, 2005|titlu=Maltese – an unusual formula|url=http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|url-status=live|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208063739/http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese.htm|arkivju-data=2015-12-08|kwotazzjoni=Originally Maltese was an Arabic dialect but it was immediately exposed to Latinisation because the Normans conquered the islands in 1090, while Christianisation, which was complete by 1250, cut off the dialect from contact with Classical Arabic. Consequently Maltese developed on its own, slowly but steadily absorbing new words from Sicilian and Italian according to the needs of the developing community.}}</ref> Xi oġġetti tal-vokabularju l-Għarbi Sqalli huma komparabbli ma' oġġetti aktar tard misjuba bil-Malti. Għalkemm l-Għarbi kellu influwenza relattivament żgħira fuq l-[[Lingwa Sqallija|Isqalli]] ta' żmienna, din il-lingwa taqsam ħafna kliem bi etimoloġija Għarbija, li jistgħu joriġinaw jew bl-Ispanjol jew bl-Għarbi Sqalli stess. Xi eżempji huma murija fit-tabella kampjun żgħir: {| class="wikitable" ![[Lingwa Maltija|Malti]] ![[Lingwa Sqallija|Sqalli]]<br />(Etimoloġija Għarbija) ![[Lingwa Spanjola|Spanjol]]<br />(Etimoloġija Għarbija) ![[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]]<br />(''Fosħa'' jew Standard Modern ) ![[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]] |- |ġiebja |gebbia |aljibe |جَابِيَة (''ġābija'') |resorvoir |- |ġulġlien |ciciulena |ajonjolí |جُلْجُلَان (''ġulġulān'') |sesame |- |sieqja |saia |acequia |سَاقِيَة (''sāqija'') |water channel |- |żagħfran |zaffarana |azafrán |زَعْفَرَان (''zagħfarān'') |safron |- |żahra |zàgara |azahar |زَهْرَة (''żahra'') |flower |- |żbib |zibbibbu |acebibe |زَبِيب (''żabīb'') |raisin |} == Toponimi bl-etimoloġija Għarbija Sqallija == Hemm ħafna toponimi ta' oriġini Għarbija fi [[Sqallija]]: *[[Alcantara (xmara)|Alcantara]]: derivat minn ''al-qanṭar'' (اَلْقَنْطَرَة): "arkata jew pont" (toponimu identiku jinsab fi Spanja). *Àlia ġej minn ''għālija'' (عَالِيَة): "għoli, <small>litteralment:</small> għolja" (avenue, toponimu identiku huwa rreġistrat fi Spanja). Toponimi li ġejjin minn ''qalgħa'' (قَلْعَة, jinsab ukoll f'Malti) li jfisser kastell jew fortizza: *[[Calascibetta]], ''Qalgħet Xigħba'' (قَلْعَة شِعْبَة) "Kastell fuq il-muntanja". *[[Calatabiano]] *[[Calatafimi-Segesta|Calatafimi]] *[[Caltabellotta]] *[[Caltagirone]], ''Qalgħet Ġiran'': "Kastelli kontigwi". *[[Caltanissetta]], ''Qalgħet Nisā’'': "Kastell ta' Nisa". *[[Caltavuturo]]: ''Qalgħet Abu Thawr'' "Kastell ta' Abu Tawr". Minn ''marsa'' (simili kif "[[Marsaxlokk]]" f'Malta): *[[Marsala]], ''Marsa Allāh'': litteralment "Marsa Alla" jew "port ta' Alla". *[[Marzamemi]], ''Marsa Ħamāma'': litteralment "Marsa ħamiema" jew "port ta' ħamiema". Minn ''ġabl'' (muntanja jew litteralment ġebel): *[[Mongibello]] (laqam mogħti lill-muntanja [[Etna]]), ''Mun(tagna) + ġabl'': "Muntanja ġebel". *[[Gibellina]] *Gibilmanna, ''Ġabl manna'': litteralment "Ġebel ta' manna" jew "muntanja ta' [[manna]]" *Gibilrossa, ''Ġebel + rosa'': litteralment "Ġebel roża" jew "muntanja roża" Minn ''raħl'' (akkomodazzjoni, lokal, post tal-vaganza; "raħal" jew "ħal" f'Malta): *[[Racalmuto]], ''Raħl al-Mawt'': "Raħal tal-mewt". *[[Regalbuto (Sqallija)|Regalbuto]] *[[Ragalna]] *Regaleali Mixxellanji: *[[Giarre]], [[Giarratana]] minn ''ġarra'' (جَرَّة: "kontenitur jew borma tat-terrakotta"). *[[Misilmeri]], minn ''Manżil al-Amīr'': "raħal tal-emir". *[[Mezzojuso]], minn ''Manżil Jūsuf'': "raħal ta' Jusuf jew raħal ta' Ġużè". *Donnalucata, ''Għajn al-Awqat'': litteralment "għajn tal-wqat" jew "għajn tal-waqtiet". *[[Mazara del Vallo]], ''Mażār al-Wālī'' (مَزَار الْوَالِي): litteralment "post ta' żjara tal-''wali'' (qaddis Mislem)" jew "qabar, difna tal-qaddis". ==Referenzi== [[Kategorija:Lingwa Għarbija]] [[Kategorija:Lingwa Maltija]] [[Kategorija:Sqallija]] [[Kategorija:Lingwa Taljana]] [[Kategorija:Djaletti]] ig2q5vbjtkr2oyko30salubusnfztvn 0 34214 329558 328488 2026-04-26T03:28:19Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|title=Metro ta' Toronto<br> ''Toronto subway (en)''|titlestyle=background: #D3D3D3|image1=[[File:Logo of the Toronto Transit Commission.svg|200px]]|caption1=Logo tal-metro|image2=[[File:Riding the Toronto Subway (54585636056).jpg|300px]]|caption2=Subway jasal fl-istazzjon|headerstyle=background: #D3D3D3|label1=Post|data1=[[Toronto]] ({{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Kanada]])|label2=Dħul fis-servizz|label3=Tul tan-netwerk|label4=Linji u stazzjon|label5=Operatur|label7=Netwerk Relatati|label8=Websajt|data2=30 ta' Marzu, 1954|data3=100 Km|data4=5 (3 Metro u 2 Light Rail)|data5=[[Kummissjoni tat-Trasport ta' Toronto]] (TTC)|data8=https://www.ttc.ca|header10=Mappa|header11=[[File:Toronto rapid transit map 2026.svg|300px]]|data7=[[Tramm ta' Toronto]] [[GO Transit]]}} Is- '''subway ta' Toronto''' hija netwerk ferrovjarju li jservi l-belt ta' [[Toronto]] u, sa ċertu punt, il-belt ġara ta' Vaughan [[Ontario|f'Ontario]], [[Kanada|il-Kanada]] . Hija mħaddma mit- Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). Din is-sistema ta' transitu rapidu tikkonsisti fi tliet linji tas-subway konvenzjonali l-aktar taħt l-art u żewġ linji ferrovjarji ħfief l-aktar 'il fuq mill-art, li jammontaw għal 109 stazzjonijiet u 100  ta' binarji, inklużi l-binarji sekondarji ( 70  taħt l-art, 22  fil-livell tal-art, u 8  elevati). Mill- 1985 sal- 2023, linja tas-subway żgħira u ta' kapaċità medja ssupplimentat in-netwerk. Fl-1954, it-TTC fetħet l-ewwel linja tas-subway taħt l-art fil-Kanada, magħrufa dak iż-żmien bħala " Subway ta' Yonge ", taħt Triq Yonge bejn l-Istazzjon tal-Unjoni u Vjal Eglinton u li jinkludi tnax-il stazzjon. Sal-2024, in-netwerk se jinkludi 70 stazzjon, ħamsa minnhom se jkunu stazzjonijiet ta' trasferiment bejn il-linji u kważi kull wieħed jikkonnettja ma' linji tal-karozzi tal-linja jew tat-tramm . Fl-2018, saru aktar minn {{Nowrap|216 millions}} vjaġġ bis-subway <ref name=":1">{{Ċita web|url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2018/index.jsp|titlu=2018 Operating Statistics|sit=ttc.ca|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2019-12-27}}.</ref> . {{Nowrap|1,58 million}} passiġġier kull jum tal-ġimgħa, hija l-aktar sistema ta' transitu rapidu traffikuża fil-Kanada f'termini ta' numru ta' passiġġieri. L-ammont ta' passiġġieri matul il-ġimgħa jvarja konsiderevolment skont il-linja; fl-2018 794 680 voyages fuq il-linja 1, 527 640 fuq il-linja 2, 35 090 fuq il- linja 3 l-antika u 50 150 fuq il-linja 4 <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-subway|titlu=Toronto Subway|awtur=Jamie Bradburn|data=6 décembre 2019|sit=The Canadian Encyclopedia|lingwa=anglais}}.</ref> . Il-belt ta' Toronto hija servuta wkoll minn linji tal-ferrovija ħfief operati mit-TTC u linji tal-karozzi tal-linja għall-vjaġġaturi operati minn GO Transit . L-importanza tas-subway ta' Toronto hija komparabbli, fit-tul totali, fin-numru ta' linji u fl-istazzjonijiet, mas [[Metro ta' Montreal|-subway ta' Montreal]] . == Storiku == Fl-1942, il- ''Kummissjoni tat-Trasport ta' Toronto'', il-predeċessur tat-TTC, għamlet l-ewwel proposta tagħha għal sistema ta' subway għall-belt ta' Toronto, fejn irrakkomandat linja mit-tramuntana għan-nofsinhar, iżda t- [[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]] waqqfet il-proġett. Il-proġett ġie ppreżentat mill-ġdid lill-kunsill tal-belt fl-1945. Din id-darba, il-vot ta'{{Data|1 janvier 1946}} jagħti maġġoranza kbira lill-proġett 79 935 pour u 8 630 contre . Għalhekk il-kostruzzjoni tibda fi{{Data|septembre 1949}}. Fit-30 ta' Marzu 1954, il-Kummissjoni tat-[[Trasport ta' Toronto]] (TTC) inawgurat sezzjoni ta' 7.4 km tal-ewwel linja tas-subway tal-belt, li ħadet post l-aktar linja tat-tramm traffikuża tal-belt: il-linja ta' Yonge Street. Din il-linja kienet tgħaqqad l-[[Istazzjon Union]] fin-nofsinhar (l-istazzjon ċentrali tal-ferrovija ta' [[Toronto]], issa użat primarjament mill-ferroviji [[GO Transit]] u [[Via Rail Canada]]) ma' terminus suburban f'Eglinton Avenue. Il-linja inizjalment kienet tikkonsisti f'tnax-il stazzjon, u l-vjaġġ bis-subway kien jieħu erbatax-il minuta, meta mqabbel ma' nofs siegħa bit-tramm il-qadim. It-tieni linja ġiet inawgurata fl-1966. Il-kostruzzjoni tan-netwerk kompliet sal-1980. Estensjoni żgħira tal-linja 1 bdiet tintuża fl-1996. Fl-2017, il-linja 1 ħadet il-konfigurazzjoni attwali tagħha. Il -linja 3 ta' Scarborough Rapid Transit issa hija kompletament operattiva (6.4&nbsp;km, 6 stazzjonijiet) fi{{Data|mai 1985}} u l -linja Sheppard 4 (5.5&nbsp;km, 5 stazzjonijiet) fi{{Data|novembre 2002}} Il-Linja 3 finalment ingħalqet f'Lulju 2023 u se tiġi sostitwita bl-estensjoni tal-linja 2 sa Sheppard madwar l-2030. === Sistema ferrovjarja ħafifa === It-TTC tikkunsidra l-linji tal-ferrovija ħafifa bħala parti mis-sistema tas-subway ta’ Toronto. Il-linji tal-ferrovija ħafifa se jkunu standard gauge (1,435&nbsp;mm) <ref name="RwyAge-2019-09-18">{{Ċita web|url=https://www.railwayage.com/news/ontario-lrt-update|titlu=Ontario LRT Update|data=2019-09-18|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2020-02-04|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925055519/https://www.railwayage.com/news/ontario-lrt-update/|arkivju-data=2019-09-25|url-status=dead}}.</ref> . Għalhekk, mhux se jkunu kompatibbli man- netwerk tat-trammijiet, għalkemm il-vetturi jidhru l-istess. Is-Sindku David Miller u [[Adam Giambrone]], iċ-Ċermen tat-TTC, ħabbru l-{{Data|16 mars 2007}} programm ambizzjuż ta' espansjoni msejjaħ " Belt tat-Tranżitu "li jippermetti titjib sinifikanti fit-trasport pubbliku f'Toronto. Il-programm inkluda l-kostruzzjoni ta' seba' linji ferrovjarji ħfief b'tul totali ta' 126&nbsp;km <ref>{{Ċita ktieb|titlu=Success driven by TTC: Miller|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/03/17/success_driven_by_ttc_miller.print.html|lingwa=anglais}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Ċita pubblikazzjoni |last=Julian Wolinsky |date=Décembre 2009 |title=Seven light rail lines front multimodal programme |url= |journal=Metro Report International |language=anglais |page=p. 26 à 29}}.</ref> . Il-gvern provinċjali ta' Ontario, permezz tal-aġenzija tiegħu Metrolinx, u t-TTC ifformalizzaw bi ftehim l-{{Data|28 novembre 2012}} <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.metrolinx.com/fr/projectsandprograms/transitexpansionprojects/toronto_lrt.aspx|titlu=Metrolinx Projets de transport léger sur rail à Toronto|sit=metrolinx.com|data-aċċess=2019-11-23|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217225920/http://www.metrolinx.com/fr/projectsandprograms/transitexpansionprojects/toronto_lrt.aspx|arkivju-data=2020-02-17|url-status=dead}}.</ref> Il-kostruzzjoni ta’ erba’ linji ta’ trasport ferrovjarju ħafif (LRT) <ref>{{Ċita pubblikazzjoni |last=Julian Wolinsky |date=Décembre 2012 |title=Policy reversal clinches light rail programme |url= |journal=Metro Report International |language=anglais |page=p. 46 à 51}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Ċita pubblikazzjoni |last= |date=Septembre 2013 |title=Toronto thinks big on rapid transit |url=https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/toronto-thinks-big-on-rapid-transit |journal=International Railway Journal |language=anglais |page=p. 30 à 36}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects/Future_Plans_and_Studies/Light_Rail_Projects/index.jsp|titlu=Light Rail Projects|sit=ttc.ca|data-aċċess=2019-11-23}}.</ref> . Il-Kummissjoni tat-Trasport ta’ Toronto se topera dawn il-linji. Il-linja Scarborough RT se tiġi sostitwita b’estensjoni tal-linja 2 tas-subway <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/scarborough-subway-extension.aspx|titlu=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region - Scarborough Subway Extension|sit=metrolinx.com|data-aċċess=2019-11-23}}.</ref> . Il-proġett tal-linja Sheppard East jidher li ġie abbandunat favur estensjoni tal-linja 4 tas-subway. Il-linji LRT kollha se jkunu standard gauge (1435&nbsp;mm) u għalhekk mhux se jkun kompatibbli man-netwerk tat-tramm attwali (kejl 1495&nbsp;mm). Linja 5 Eglinton (magħrufa wkoll bħala l-" LRT ta' Eglinton Crosstown "hija linja ta' qabel il-metro li l-kostruzzjoni tagħha bdiet fl-2011 għal ftuħ inizjali fl-2022 <ref name="Metrolinx-2020-02-18">{{Ċita pubblikazzjoni |last= |date=18 février 2020 |title=Metrolinx statement on delay of Eglinton Crosstown light rail transit project |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2020/02/18/metrolinx-statement-on-delay-of-eglinton-crosstown-light-rail-transit-project/ |journal=[[Metrolinx]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218221745/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2020/02/18/metrolinx-statement-on-delay-of-eglinton-crosstown-light-rail-transit-project/ |archive-date=2020-02-18 |access-date=2020-02-18}}.</ref> iżda finalment ġiet inawgurata fl-2026. Il-linja hija twila 19&nbsp;km u ssegwi r-rotta ta' Eglinton Avenue. Is-sezzjoni bejn Black Creek Drive u Brentcliffe Avenue (10&nbsp;km) hija taħt l-art. Minn Brentcliffe Avenue sal-istazzjon Kennedy, il-linja tgħaddi fil-livell tal-art fuq il-lemin tagħha stess f'nofs Eglinton Avenue. Hemm 15-il stazzjon taħt l-art u 10 stazzjonijiet 'il fuq mill-art. Għat-tħaddim ta' din il-linja, Metrolinx ordnat vetturi tat-tip [[Bombardier Flexity Freedom|Flexity Freedom]] mingħand Alstom u Bombardier . Dawn il-karozzi se jkunu bidirezzjonali <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/04/10/how-doug-fords-285-billion-transit-overhaul-compares-with-torontos-existing-plans.html|titlu=How Doug Ford’s $28.5-billion transit overhaul compares with Toronto’s existing plans {{!}} The Star|awtur=Rhianna Jackson-Kelso|data=10 avril 2019|sit=thestar.com|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2019-12-26}}.</ref> , <ref name="RwyAge-2019-09-18"/> . Il- Finch West Line 6 (magħrufa wkoll bħala l-" LRT ta' Finch West "hija linja ferrovjarja ħafifa li ilha tinbena mill-2019 u li tibda tintuża fl-2025. Il-linja l-ġdida twila 10 kilometri&nbsp;Il-linja Finch West issegwi r-rotta ta' Finch Avenue West bejn Humber College u l-istazzjon tas-subway ta' Finch West. Għandha 18-il stazzjon, iż-żewġ stazzjonijiet terminali huma taħt l-art, filwaqt li l-oħrajn huma fil-livell tal-art u jinsabu fil-medjan tar-rotta <ref name="RwyAge-2019-09-18"/> , <ref name="TheStar-2020-04-19">{{Ċita web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2018/04/19/finch-lrt-delayed-another-year.html|titlu=Finch LRT delayed another year|data=2018-04-19|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2020-02-04}}.</ref> . Il-linja Finch West hija proprjetà ta' Metrolinx u se titħaddem mit-Toronto Transit Commission, inkluż kuntratt ta' manutenzjoni ta' 30 sena mogħti lil Mosaic Transit <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/finchwest-lrt.aspx|titlu=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region - Finch West LRT|sit=metrolinx.com|data-aċċess=2019-11-23}}.</ref> . Is-sistema ta' kontroll tal-ferrovija SelTrac CBTC minn Thales intgħażlet biex tgħammar il-linja <ref>{{Ċita pubblikazzjoni |last= |date=25 juin 2019 |title=À Toronto, une nouvelle ligne de tramway va être équipée de la technologie de Thales |url=https://www.thalesgroup.com/sites/default/files/database/document/2019-06/Finch%20West%20LRT%20Contract%20Annoucement%20FR_6.pdf |journal=Thales Communiqués de presse}}.</ref> . == Netwerk == Is-sistema tas-subway ta' Toronto tikkonsisti f'ħames linji ta' transitu rapidu, indikati b'ismijiet u nnumerati minn 1 sa 6 mill-2026. : * Il-Linja 1 Yonge-University, bi 38 stazzjon, l-itwal u l-aktar linja traffikuża fis-sistema, infetħet bħala l-Yonge Metro fl-1954 b'tul ta' 7.4&nbsp;km u minn dakinhar laħaq tul ta’ 40.6&nbsp;km. Illum, il-linja għandha forma ta’ U b’żewġ termini fit-tramuntana u ċirku fit-tarf tan-nofsinhar tagħha permezz tal-istazzjon tal-Unjoni. * Linja 2 Bloor-Danforth, 31 stazzjon, 27.1&nbsp;km, li nfetaħ fl-1966, jgħaddi b'mod parallel ma' Bloor Street u Danforth Avenue bejn l-istazzjon Kipling f'Etobicoke u l-istazzjon Kennedy f'Scarborough . Hemm pjanijiet biex il-linja 2 tiġi estiża lejn il-grigal mill-istazzjon Kennedy sal-istazzjon Scarborough Centre. * Il- linja Sheppard b'4 stazzjonijiet, b'5 stazzjonijiet, infetħet fl-2002 taħt Sheppard Avenue mill-istazzjon Sheppard-Yonge fuq il-linja 1 sa Fairview Mall fl-istazzjon Don Mills u hija l-iqsar linja ta' transitu rapidu f'Toronto. * Il- Linja 5 ta' Eglinton, b'25 stazzjon, infetħet fl-2026. Hija t-tieni linja ferrovjarja ħafifa ta' Toronto. Issegwi Eglinton Avenue, u tgħaqqad l-Istazzjon Mount Dennis mal-Istazzjon Kennedy . Aktar tard se tiġi estiża lejn il-punent sal-Istazzjon Renforth. * Il- Finch West Line 6, bi 18-il stazzjon u tul ta' 10.3 km, infetħet fl-2025. Hija l-ewwel linja ferrovjarja ħafifa ta' Toronto. Din issegwi r-rotta ta' Finch Avenue West bejn l-istazzjon ta' Finch West fuq il-Linja 1 u l-Humber College, fejn jinsab l-istitut politekniku. <gallery> Stampa:Davisville_subway_trains.jpg|ħolqa=Fichier:Davisville_subway_trains.jpg|alt=Dépôt du métro à Davisville en 2009.| Depot tas-Subway f'Davisville fl-2009. Stampa:G_Subway_Interior.jpg|ħolqa=Fichier:G_Subway_Interior.jpg|alt=Intérieur d'une des rames d'origine, la série G-1, qui circulèrent de 1954 jusqu'à 1990 (et plus typiquement avec l'éclairage incandescant).| Intern ta' wieħed mill-ferroviji oriġinali, is-serje G-1, li dam jaħdem mill- 1954 sal- 1990 (u tipikament b'dawl inkandexxenti ). Stampa:Toronto_subway_TTC.jpg|ħolqa=Fichier:Toronto_subway_TTC.jpg|alt=Intérieur des rames série T-1.| Intern tas-settijiet tal-ferroviji tas-serje T-1. </gallery> === Linji qodma === Mill -1985 sal- 2023, ir-raba’ linja tas-subway kienet tinkludi s-sistema tas-subway ta’ Toronto: l- Scarborough Rapid Transit (RT) Line 3 (jew Scarborough RT) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5107.shtml|titlu=The Scarborough Rapid Transit Line - Transit Toronto - Content|sit=transit.toronto.on.ca|data-aċċess=2019-11-22}}.</ref>, linja ferrovjarja ħafifa b’kapaċità medja elevata b’sitt stazzjonijiet li jservu l- viċinat suburban tal-istess isem . Din infetħet fl-1985 bejn l-istazzjonijiet Kennedy u McCowan . Din il-linja użat it-teknoloġija tas-Sistema ta’ Transitu b’Kapaċità Intermedja (ICTS). Minħabba diffikultajiet ta’ manutenzjoni, il-linja ġiet sostitwita b’karozzi tal-linja fl-2023 u eventwalment twaqqgħet. Estensjoni tal-linja għal Scarborough Centre (RT2) kienet ippjanata biex tissostitwixxi s-servizz tal-karozzi tal-linja fl-2030 <ref name="G&M-2021-02-10">{{Ċita web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-ttc-board-green-lights-plan-to-close-rapid-transit-line/|titlu=TTC board green-lights plan to close Rapid Transit line|data=2021-02-10|lingwa=en}}.</ref> . Fl-24 ta’ Lulju 2023, it-TTC għalqet il-linja b’mod permanenti wara li ferrovija derailjat <ref name="TTC-SRT-Future">{{Ċita web|url=https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough|titlu=The future of TTC's Line 3 Scarborough (SRT)|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2023-09-03|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901021026/https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough|arkivju-data=2023-09-01}}.</ref> . Il-Linja 3 Scarborough RT hija magħrufa lokalment bħala " ''Scarborough RT'' » ( ''Tranżitu Rapidu'' ") jew sempliċement il-" ''RT'' Jinsab parzjalment fil-livell tal-art, u parzjalment fl-arja. Juża trenijiet ħfief, li erbgħa minnhom għandhom biss 120 siġġu. Huma mħaddma b'muturi lineari . Is-sewqan huwa awtomatiku, iżda hemm operatur bil-funzjoni li jagħfas buttuna tal-bidu f'kull stazzjon. B'differenza minn linji oħra fin-netwerk, il-linja 3 ta' Scarborough kellha gauge standard ta' 1,435 m. == Kostruzzjoni u proġetti == Il-gvern federali, il-belt ta’ [[Toronto]] u t-TTC iddeċidew fi{{Data|mars 2008}} programm importanti ta' titjib u żvilupp tan-netwerk <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/fra/medias/communiques-nat-2008-08-h075f-3632.htm|titlu=Le financement du transport en commun permet à la Toronto Transit Commission de faire des progrès pour le plus grand bénéfice des navetteurs|sena=18 mars 2008|sit=tc.gc.ca|data-aċċess=22 février 2010}}.</ref> . === Taħt kostruzzjoni === [[Stampa:Toronto_Subway_2030.png|daqsminuri|Ippjana għan-netwerk fl-2030.]] Il- Linja Ontario (Linja 3 ġdida) hija proġett ta' subway awtomatizzat li ilu jinbena mill-2023, bis-servizz skedat li jibda fl-2031. Din se tgħaqqad l-istazzjonijiet taċ-Ċentru ''tal-Wirjiet'' u ''tax-Xjenza'' tul rotta ta' 15,6  miċ-ċentru ta' Toronto. Se jkun hemm 15-il stazzjon. L-għan tagħha huwa li tnaqqas il-konġestjoni fis-sistema eżistenti tas-subway billi tipprovdi rotta alternattiva għall-passiġġieri. B'differenza mil-linji tas-subway eżistenti, din il-linja se tuża vetturi ferrovjarji ta' kapaċità intermedja u gauge standard ( 1 435  . Linja ferrovjarja ħafifa oħra, il -ferrovija ħafifa Hurontario, tinsab taħt kostruzzjoni <ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/hurontario-lrt.aspx|titlu=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region - Hurontario LRT|sit=metrolinx.com|data-aċċess=2019-11-23}}.</ref>, iżda se tkun tinsab f'Mississauga, belt ġara ta' Toronto, u mhux se tkun parti mis-sistema tas-subway ta' Toronto, strettament. == Noti u referenzi == <references /> [[Kategorija:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lonfr3azrcfmebt9zy4dfxfx1dqyfu9 0 34352 329555 329499 2026-04-26T02:19:44Z InternetArchiveBot 18288 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 329555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Stampa:Озеро Бребенескуль.jpg|daqsminuri|Veduta panoramika tal-Lag ta' Brebeneskul.]] Il-'''Lag ta' Brebeneskul''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ukrena|Ukren]]: Озеро Бребенескул) huwa lag fil-muntanji li jinsab qalb parti mill-Karpazji miksija bil-boskijiet. Dan il-lag huwa l-ogħla lag fl-[[Ukrajna]], b'altitudni ta' 1,801 [[metru]] (5,909 piedi) 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. Għandu oriġini glaċjali u jinsab fir-Raion ta' Rakhiv tal-Oblast ta' Zakarpattia. == Deskrizzjoni == Il-Lag ta' Brebeneskul huwa twil 134 metru, wiesa' 28-44 metru u fond sa 2.8 metri. L-erja tal-lag tkopri 0.61 ettari.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://restinua.com/brebeneskul-najvisokogirnishe-ozero/|titlu=Бребенескул — найвисокогірніше озеро. RestinUA|sit=restinua.com|data-aċċess=2026-04-15|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112133951/http://restinua.com/brebeneskul-najvisokogirnishe-ozero/|arkivju-data=2015-01-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> Il-Lag ta' Brebeneskul għandu għamla ovali, bi xtut għoljin u b'xaqlibiet tal-ġebel. Ir-riżorsi tal-lag jiġu alimentati b'mod prinċipali mill-preċipitazzjoni u mill-ilma tal-pjan.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.karpaty-build.com.ua/ru/issue.88|titlu=озеро бребенескул, с озера, около горы, объект туризма, по потоку, высокая гора, гутин томнатик|sit=www.karpaty-build.com.ua|data-aċċess=2026-04-15|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914140854/http://www.karpaty-build.com.ua/ru/issue.88|arkivju-data=2014-09-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ix-xmara Brebeneskul tnixxi 'l barra mil-lag (bħala tributarja tax-xmara Hoverla u l-baċir tal-Bila Tysa). Il-qiegħ jogħla lejn il-Lvant, b'qiegħ miksi b'sedimenti griżi. L-ilma fil-lag huwa kemxejn mineralizzat u nadif, kif ukoll trasparenti u relattivament sħun għal lag fil-muntanji.<ref name=":0">{{Ċita web|url=http://ho4uvpohod.com/interesnosti/krasiveyshie-ozera-karpat.html|titlu=Красивейшие озера Карпат - Поход Крым, Походы в Карпатах, Походы на Кавказе|sit=ho4uvpohod.com|data-aċċess=2026-04-15|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914054631/http://ho4uvpohod.com/interesnosti/krasiveyshie-ozera-karpat.html|arkivju-data=2012-09-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Pożizzjoni == Il-Lag ta' Brebeneskul jinsab fir-Raion ta' Rakhiv tal-Oblast ta' Zakarpattia max-xaqliba tal-Lbiċ taċ-Chornohora bejn il-muntanji ta' Brebeneskul (2,035 metru) u ta' Hutyn Tomnatyk (2,016-il metru). Jinsab fil-qiegħ ta' ''cirque'' u jagħmel parti wkoll mir-Riżerva ta' Bijosfera tal-Karpazji.<ref name=":0" /> == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Lagi]] [[Kategorija:Ukrajna]] qdhjudkpzkumq6in5lsnefyqzhjeaxn 0 34385 329549 2026-04-25T13:51:31Z BriyVime 27845 kandun 329549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''LPKWJ''' é uma empresa norte-americana de tecnologia especializada em infraestruturas de dados e automação de processos. e atua nos setores da e gestão de ativos digitais. == Tecnologia == A LPKWJ desenvolveu o sistema proprietário A.L.I.Q. (Adaptative Liquidity Intelligence Quantum), uma plataforma modular que utiliza aprendizagem automática para otimizar fluxos de informação e executar ordens de forma inteligente. O sistema inclui módulos de encaminhamento de dados e oráculos de monitorização de risco sistémico.<ref>{{ċita web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lpkwj-digital-services-ltda-expands-084700507.html |titlu=LPKWJ DIGITAL SERVICES LTDA Expands Technology Investment}}</ref> == Segurança == A empresa adota uma arquitetura de custódia multicamada, com armazenamento geograficamente disperso e protocolos criptográficos avançados, garantindo a integridade e o controlo operacional sem pontos únicos de falha. == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} 0kqict3sb5soo6xutctmmrmayjybl3p