Wikipedija mtwiki https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-Pa%C4%A1na_prin%C4%8Bipali MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Medja Speċjali Diskussjoni Utent Diskussjoni utent Wikipedija Diskussjoni Wikipedija Stampa Diskussjoni stampa MediaWiki Diskussjoni MediaWiki Mudell Diskussjoni mudell Għajnuna Diskussjoni għajnuna Kategorija Diskussjoni kategorija Portal Diskussjoni portal TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 1142 330778 330720 2026-06-29T12:13:31Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Update after professional Maltese proofreading 330778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> rxhxmt9zri00tlksxtbsiu1l9c7fnd7 330786 330778 2026-06-29T13:40:49Z ToniSant 4257 /* Review request: Rozie userspace draft */ Tweġiba 330786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> t72hejvnoepzcgoivsjubgu8zrn4xjk 330789 330786 2026-06-29T15:25:22Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Reply on Rozie draft topic choice 330789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. You are right that the choice is unusual, and I appreciate the honest comment. I am mainly a Latvian Wikipedia editor and I usually work on Latvia-related topics, especially business, economic and historical subjects. I first noticed Rozie while visiting Malta, then found that the service had a Latvia connection and Malta-related coverage, so I thought it might be a relevant Latvia–Malta crossover topic. :::I also understand that this is a commercial subject and that its notability may be borderline. That is why I kept it in userspace, disclosed that I have no conflict of interest, and asked for local review instead of moving it directly to mainspace. I do not want to advertise the service or push the article if the local view is that it is not suitable. However, when I was in Malta, I was surprised by how popular this service seemed to be. :::If you think the better outcome is to leave it as a userspace draft, trim it further, I am happy to follow that guidance. Thank you again for taking the time to look at it. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 15:24, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> jrvim1bslmbzb20hddkomcq6z166s31 330790 330789 2026-06-29T17:27:00Z ToniSant 4257 /* Review request: Rozie userspace draft */ Tweġiba 330790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. You are right that the choice is unusual, and I appreciate the honest comment. I am mainly a Latvian Wikipedia editor and I usually work on Latvia-related topics, especially business, economic and historical subjects. I first noticed Rozie while visiting Malta, then found that the service had a Latvia connection and Malta-related coverage, so I thought it might be a relevant Latvia–Malta crossover topic. :::I also understand that this is a commercial subject and that its notability may be borderline. That is why I kept it in userspace, disclosed that I have no conflict of interest, and asked for local review instead of moving it directly to mainspace. I do not want to advertise the service or push the article if the local view is that it is not suitable. However, when I was in Malta, I was surprised by how popular this service seemed to be. :::If you think the better outcome is to leave it as a userspace draft, trim it further, I am happy to follow that guidance. Thank you again for taking the time to look at it. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 15:24, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::::I am going to answer in Maltese, as I'm sure you'll both understand me and appreciate the opportunity to communicate in our language this way. ::::M'hemm xejn ħażin f'li qed tagħmel int @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. L-artiklu tiegħek dwar Rozie jista' joħroġ kif inhu u biż-żmien ikompli jiżviluppa. Is-suġġeriment tiegħi huwa li tara [[Kategorija:Latvja]] u tosserva kemm hemm artikli interessanti nieqsa dwar is-suġġetti li jinteressaw lilek. Per eżempju, dawn ma jeżistux: [[Lingwa Latvjana]], [[Nies Latvjani]], u anqas [[Ventas Rumba]] X'taħseb? Grazzi dejjem! -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 17:27, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. 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The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. 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Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. 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[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 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Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. 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More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. You are right that the choice is unusual, and I appreciate the honest comment. I am mainly a Latvian Wikipedia editor and I usually work on Latvia-related topics, especially business, economic and historical subjects. I first noticed Rozie while visiting Malta, then found that the service had a Latvia connection and Malta-related coverage, so I thought it might be a relevant Latvia–Malta crossover topic. :::I also understand that this is a commercial subject and that its notability may be borderline. That is why I kept it in userspace, disclosed that I have no conflict of interest, and asked for local review instead of moving it directly to mainspace. I do not want to advertise the service or push the article if the local view is that it is not suitable. However, when I was in Malta, I was surprised by how popular this service seemed to be. :::If you think the better outcome is to leave it as a userspace draft, trim it further, I am happy to follow that guidance. Thank you again for taking the time to look at it. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 15:24, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::::I am going to answer in Maltese, as I'm sure you'll both understand me and appreciate the opportunity to communicate in our language this way. ::::M'hemm xejn ħażin f'li qed tagħmel int @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. L-artiklu tiegħek dwar Rozie jista' joħroġ kif inhu u biż-żmien ikompli jiżviluppa. Is-suġġeriment tiegħi huwa li tara [[Kategorija:Latvja]] u tosserva kemm hemm artikli interessanti nieqsa dwar is-suġġetti li jinteressaw lilek. Per eżempju, dawn ma jeżistux: [[Lingwa Latvjana]], [[Nies Latvjani]], u anqas [[Ventas Rumba]] X'taħseb? Grazzi dejjem! -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 17:27, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> 1lr6ce88tohupwhji8w2ekl2xmxhr7u 330794 330792 2026-06-29T17:35:24Z ToniSant 4257 /* Review request: Rozie userspace draft */ : 330794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. You are right that the choice is unusual, and I appreciate the honest comment. I am mainly a Latvian Wikipedia editor and I usually work on Latvia-related topics, especially business, economic and historical subjects. I first noticed Rozie while visiting Malta, then found that the service had a Latvia connection and Malta-related coverage, so I thought it might be a relevant Latvia–Malta crossover topic. :::I also understand that this is a commercial subject and that its notability may be borderline. That is why I kept it in userspace, disclosed that I have no conflict of interest, and asked for local review instead of moving it directly to mainspace. I do not want to advertise the service or push the article if the local view is that it is not suitable. However, when I was in Malta, I was surprised by how popular this service seemed to be. :::If you think the better outcome is to leave it as a userspace draft, trim it further, I am happy to follow that guidance. Thank you again for taking the time to look at it. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 15:24, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::::I am going to answer in Maltese, as I'm sure you'll both understand me and appreciate the opportunity to communicate in our language this way. ::::M'hemm xejn ħażin f'li qed tagħmel int @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. L-artiklu tiegħek dwar Rozie jista' joħroġ kif inhu u biż-żmien ikompli jiżviluppa. Is-suġġeriment tiegħi huwa li tara [[:Kategorija:Latvja]] u tosserva kemm hemm artikli interessanti nieqsa dwar is-suġġetti li jinteressaw lilek. Per eżempju, dawn ma jeżistux: [[Lingwa Latvjana]], [[Nies Latvjani]], u anqas [[Ventas Rumba]] X'taħseb? Grazzi dejjem! -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 17:27, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> a1bp5epdfvkr7yg6kgcvkzwkzf8s77w 330804 330794 2026-06-29T18:18:24Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Tweġiba wara reviżjoni ta' Rozie 330804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza}} <!-- AGĦMEL IL-KUMMENT TIEGĦEK TAĦT L-AĦĦAR INTERVENT LI SAR. --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:21, 18 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == New Rapid Funds in CEE – global support now closer to your local activities == Hi everyone, '''Starting from 1 April 2026''', the CEE Hub will begin reviewing and supporting Rapid Fund applications for Central and Eastern Europe, in close cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation. This change is part of our shared effort to bring support closer to communities and make the process more accessible and responsive to local contexts. You will still apply through the same system (Fluxx), and WMF will continue handling contracts and fund transfers. What changes is that the CEE Hub becomes your first point of contact, offering guidance, reviewing applications, and staying closer to your ideas throughout the process. We encourage you to reach out to [[:m:User:TRistovski-CEEhub|Toni]], our Grants Specialist before applying. A short conversation can help clarify your idea and make things smoother from the start. * ☝️ Rapid Funds remain open year-round (with possible delays in June and December). * ☝️ For Central Asian communities: the process stays the same – you continue applying directly through WMF. Join our online Q&A session to learn more (same content, two options to join): * 2 April, 5:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 1|register here]]) * 8 April 7:00 PM CEST (UTC +2; [[:m:Event:CEE Hub Rapid Fund Q&A Nr. 2|register here]]) More info & contact: '''[[:m:CEE Hub Rapid Funds|Wikimedia CEE Hub/Rapid Grants]]''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 11:21, 31 Marzu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670168 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Community Candidates – Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 == ''Please help us and your community by translating this announcement into your language!'' Dear all, The [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026]] is currently underway. There are 4 seats allocated to community representatives. Community members are invited to nominate themselves as candidates for these seats. These positions will be filled through a vote by the CEE community. '''Eligibility criteria:''' * Candidates must be [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026/Eligibility|eligible voters]]: ** Have a Wikimedia account created before 18 December 2025 ** Have at least 300 edits between 18 December 2025 and 18 June 2026 ** Must not have been blocked between 18 March 2026 and 18 June 2026 * Must have participated in at least 2 of the last 3 [[Meta:Wikimedia CEE Hub/CEE Hub Status Meeting|CEE Hub Advisory Group meetings]] You can check your eligibility using the following tool: https://cee-sc-election.toolforge.org/ '''How to proceed:''' Candidates may nominate themselves or be nominated by others. If nominated by others, the candidate must explicitly accept the nomination before 18 June 2026. The candidate should create their nomination page and submit their candidacy [[Meta:Wikimedia_CEE_Hub_Steering_Committee_Election_2026/Nominations|here]]: Please also inform your communities about the election and encourage participation. Best regards,   Electoral Commission of Wikimedia CEE Hub Steering Committee Election 2026 --[[Meta:Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Meta:Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:00, 30 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=30401522 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mejju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Review request: Rozie userspace draft == Apologies for writing in English; I do not speak Maltese well enough to write this request in Maltese. Hello. I have prepared a userspace draft about Rozie: Draft: [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] Latest/current version, if the default view shows an older reviewed version: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie current version] I am a Latvian editor. The draft was translated/adapted from the Latvian Wikipedia article [[:lv:Rozie]] with the help of machine translation, and it was also checked by a Maltese-speaking friend. However, I am not able to judge the final Maltese wording myself, so it may still need examination and correction by a local Maltese-speaking editor. Conflict of interest disclosure: I have no conflict of interest with Rozie. I am not paid by Rozie, I am not employed by it, I am not a founder, investor, contractor or representative of the company, and I have no family or close personal connection to the company. I created the draft in userspace because the subject has a direct Malta connection: the sources in the draft describe Rozie as a Latvia-developed cleaning-services booking platform whose main market is Malta, and the draft includes Malta-related coverage. I would appreciate local review of: * whether the Maltese language is acceptable; * whether the tone is neutral and not promotional; * whether the sources are sufficient for a Maltese Wikipedia article; * whether any parts should be shortened or rewritten; * whether the page can be moved to [[Rozie]] I understand that some sources are official or factual sources, and some media coverage may have a promotional tone. I am happy to trim or rewrite the draft if local editors recommend it. Thank you. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 13:34, 15 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) '''Just a short follow-up:''' could any Maltese-speaking editor check whether the wording is acceptable and whether the draft can be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 14:08, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :'''Update:''' Since my last message, the userspace draft has been professionally proofread offline by a certified Maltese-language proofreader from University of Malta, and I have updated the draft accordingly. The current version is here: [https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie&stable=0 current draft]. Could a local editor please check whether the updated wording and the article are acceptable, and whether the page may be moved to [[Rozie]]? [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 12:13, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::The draft article is fine, @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. I'm just trying to figure out why you picked this subject for your first article in Maltese, when this topic is barely notable by encyclopedic standards. Seems like a wasted opportunity to write about topic every encyclopedia should have rather than a commercial service that is not particularly notable. Please don't take this the wrong way: your contributions to the Maltese-language Wikipedia are VERY welcome, it's just that the choice of your first topic seems quite unusual. -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 13:40, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. You are right that the choice is unusual, and I appreciate the honest comment. I am mainly a Latvian Wikipedia editor and I usually work on Latvia-related topics, especially business, economic and historical subjects. I first noticed Rozie while visiting Malta, then found that the service had a Latvia connection and Malta-related coverage, so I thought it might be a relevant Latvia–Malta crossover topic. :::I also understand that this is a commercial subject and that its notability may be borderline. That is why I kept it in userspace, disclosed that I have no conflict of interest, and asked for local review instead of moving it directly to mainspace. I do not want to advertise the service or push the article if the local view is that it is not suitable. However, when I was in Malta, I was surprised by how popular this service seemed to be. :::If you think the better outcome is to leave it as a userspace draft, trim it further, I am happy to follow that guidance. Thank you again for taking the time to look at it. [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 15:24, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) ::::I am going to answer in Maltese, as I'm sure you'll both understand me and appreciate the opportunity to communicate in our language this way. ::::M'hemm xejn ħażin f'li qed tagħmel int @[[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]]. L-artiklu tiegħek dwar Rozie jista' joħroġ kif inhu u biż-żmien ikompli jiżviluppa. Is-suġġeriment tiegħi huwa li tara [[:Kategorija:Latvja]] u tosserva kemm hemm artikli interessanti nieqsa dwar is-suġġetti li jinteressaw lilek. Per eżempju, dawn ma jeżistux: [[Lingwa Latvjana]], [[Nies Latvjani]], u anqas [[Ventas Rumba]] X'taħseb? Grazzi dejjem! -- [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:ToniSant|d]]) 17:27, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) :::::Grazzi ħafna, [[Utent:ToniSant|ToniSant]]. Napprezza ħafna l-għajnuna u l-parir tiegħek. Mexxejt l-artiklu minn [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] għal [[Rozie]] billi żammejt il-kronoloġija tal-paġna. Wara dan inħallih jiżviluppa bil-mod u nżomm l-editjar dwaru minimu. :::::Nirringrazzjak ukoll għas-suġġerimenti. Se nħares lejn [[:Kategorija:Latvja]] u lejn is-suġġetti li semmejt, fosthom [[Lingwa Latvjana]]. Peress li l-Malti tiegħi għadu limitat, nippreferi naħdem bil-mod, fil-paġni tal-utent meta jkun hemm bżonn, u nitlob reviżjoni lokali qabel ma noħloq artikli ġodda importanti. Grazzi dejjem! [[Utent:MargaritaPLV|MargaritaPLV]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MargaritaPLV|d]]) 18:18, 29 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Ġunju 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> h1jhhcje7bmusvw5ef5x8kpn3kc61ex 10 9848 330793 322747 2026-06-29T17:34:13Z ToniSant 4257 +2025 330793 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <templatestyles src="Il-Pjazza/styles.css" /> <div class="pjazza-wrapper" style="display:block"> <div class="container"> <div class="text-description"> <p>'''Merħba fil-Pjazza!'''</p> <p>Nilqgħuk fil-Pjazza tal-Wikipedija, il-post fejn wieħed jista' jiltaqa' u jiddiskuti b'mod ċivili mal-[[Wikipedija:Wikipedjani|Wikipedjani]] l-oħra. Hawnhekk tista' ssaqsi mistoqsijiet, tagħmel osservazzjoni jew tgħaddi kummenti u suġġerimenti ġenerali dwar dan il-proġett. Din il-paġna hi ntiża biex fiha jiġu diskussi problemi tekniċi, il-[[Wikipedija:Politika u linji gwida|politika]] u anke l-operat tal-Wikipedija.</p> <p>Meta tħalli intervent, tinsiex ukoll [[Wikipedija:Firem|tiffirma]] billi żżid <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> fl-aħħar tal-kumment tiegħek.</p> ''(Xi kummenti mingħand memberi tal-moviment globali tal-Wikimedia jafu ma jkunux bil-Malti.)'' {{#tag:inputbox| type=comment buttonlabel=Ibda diskussjoni ġdida break=no hidden=yes default={{FULLPAGENAME}} }} </div> <div class="image">[[Stampa:Il-Pjazza.jpg]]</div> </div> <div class="archive notheme"> [[Stampa:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|25px|link=]] Arkivji: [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2005|2005]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2006|2006]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2007|2007]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2008|2008]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2009|2009]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2010|2010]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2011|2011]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2012|2012]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2013|2013]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2014|2014]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2015|2015]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2016|2016]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2017|2017]]{{,}}[[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2018|2018]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2019|2019]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2020|2020]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2021|2021]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2022|2022]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2023|2023]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2024|2024]]{{,}} [[Wikipedija:Pjazza/Arkivju 2025|2025]]</div> </div><includeonly> [[Kategorija:Komunità tal-Wikipedija|Pjazza]] </includeonly> nffa6msh0jz1mo43fyit6q4mwxr96ce 0 18900 330777 330664 2026-06-29T12:13:16Z Makenzis 12206 /* Ħoloq esterni */ 330777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Tim tal-Futbol |isem = SK Sturm Graz |stampa = [[Stampa:SK Sturm Graz.png|180px]] |ismijiet_oħra = die Schwoazn, Blackies |isem_sħiħ = Sportklub Puntigamer Sturm Graz |grawnd = [[UPC-Arena]] |jesa' = 15,400 |fundazzjoni = 1909 |president = |kowċ = |kampjonat = [[Bundesliga (Awstrija)|Bundesliga Awstrijaka]] | staġun = 2021/22 | pożizzjoni = 2. | sit_elettroniku = http://www.sksturm.at/ | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_whiteuppersnake|pattern_ra1= | leftarm1=000000|body1=000000|rightarm1=000000|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000 | pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_blackuppersnake|pattern_ra2=| | leftarm2=ffffff|body2=ffffff|rightarm2=ffffff|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=ffffff| }} '''SK Sturm Graz''' huwa [[klabb tal-futbol]] [[Awstrija]]k li huwa bbażat ġewwa [[Graz]], [[Stirja]], huma jilgħabu fil-[[Bundesliga (Awstrija)|Bundesliga Awstrijaka]]. Il-klabb kien fondat fl-1909. Il-kuluri tagħhom huma iswed u abjad. S'issa, Sturm Graz rebħu l-[[Bundesliga (Awstrija)|Kampjonat Awstrijak]] tlett darbiet (1998, 1999 u 2011) u pparteċipaw diversi drabi fil-[[UEFA Champions League]] u l-[[UEFA Europa League]]. == Storja == === Fondazzjoni === SK Sturm Graz kienu fondati fl-1909, bħala tim tal-irġiel (għall-kuntrarju tal-ġirien fl-istess belt [[Grazer AK]], fondat fl-1902). Mill-1921 sal-1949 Sturm rebħu l-kampjonat Stirjan 11-il darba. Meta l-Awstrija kienet parti mill-Ġermanja, il-klabb deher l-ewwel darba fl-ogħla kompetizzjoni fil-[[Gauliga Ostmark]] fl-istaġun 1942–43, li ġew l-aħħar u kienu relegati. Fl-1949, Sturm daħlu fil-kampjonat nazzjonali bħala l-ewwel tim li mhux ibbażat ġewwa Vjenna. === 1981—L-ewwel suċċess === L-ewwel suċċess kbir daħal taħt il-kowċ [[Otto Baric]], meta l-klabb lest spiċċa t-tieni fil-kampjonat fl-istaġun 1980/81. Sena wara, il-klabb kellu ġlieda permezz il-fażi tal-kwart-tal-finali fil-[[UEFA Cup]], li kienu melgħuba minn [[Nottingham Forest FC]] minn penalti fil-ħin żejjed. === 1992—Bidu ta' era ġdida === F'Diċembru tal-1992, [[Hannes Kartnig]] kien installat bħala president u l-ħabib qrib tiegħu [[Heinz Schilcher]] bħala maniġer ġdid. Fil-ħin, Sturm kien spiċċaw taħt djun enormi. Sturm kwalifikata għall-kampjonat iffurmat mill-ġdid [[Zehnerliga]], Kartnig u Schilcher iddeċieda l-aħjar kors ta 'azzjoni li jastjena plejers b'ismijiet kbar, u minflok għażel bidu ġdid bl-użu bi plejers żgħażagħ mill-klabb stess. Fl-1993 [[Milan Djuricic]] sar maniġer. === 1994 sal-2002—Osim u l-futbol Ewropew === Fl-1994, il-Bożnijak [[Ivica Osim]] ħa kontroll tal-Klabb; dan wera li huwa kruċjali dwar it-tidwir tal-punti fl-istorja tal-klabb. Osim irnexxielu jipproduċi tim effettiv u qawwi bl-użu ta' plejers żgħażagħ u mingħajr esperjenza għad-dispożizzjoni tiegħu, li saħħah plejers ewlenin bi ftit esperjenza. L-ewwel suċċess tat-tim kien li spiċċaw it-tieni fil-kampjonat fl-1955; sena wara, huma rebħu l-ewwel titlu tagħhom, li għelbu lil [[FC Admira Wacker Mödling|Admira Wacker]] fil-finali tat-Tazza, iżda fil-kampjonat li reġaw spiċċaw fit-tieni post. Fl-1998, SK Sturm Graz rebħu l-ewwel titolu tagħhom tal-Bundesliga Awstrijaka, li kienu mill-ġbid 'il bogħod mill-qasam kmieni u rebħu t-titolu b'seba 'logħob fl-idejn. Sturm wettqu żewġ rekords matul dan l-istaġun; huma baqgħu bla telfa fl-ewwel tnax-il logħba taghhom, u mbagħad għall-ieħor f'19-il logħba fl-istaġun. Fl-aħħar tal-istaġun huma fadlu 81 punt, total rekord Awstrijak, li rebħu t-tilu b'19-il punt vantaġġ fuq [[Rapid Vienna]].Dan l-istaġun ra wkoll żvilupp tal-"trijangolu maġiku" ta' Mario Haas, Hannes Reinmayr u Ivica Vastic. 1999 rat lil SK Sturm Graz jerġgħu jiksbu l-kampjonat, li żguraw it-tripletta billi rebħu dawn (kampjonat, tazza u super cup), minbarra li kellhom post fil-kwalifika għaċ-Champions League. Hawn, madankollu, dro mingħajr gowls kontra [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]] kien l-uniku suċċess biss. Fl-istaġun 1999-2000 ra lil Sturm fiċ-Champions League għat-tieni darba, li spiċċaw it-tielet fil-grupp tagħhom. [[FC Tirol Innsbruck|FC Tirol]] ħadu t-titolu mill-ħakma ta' Sturm, iżda it-tieni post kien biżżejjed għat-tielet vjaġġ fiċ-Champions League. Madankollu, Sturm Graz rebħu l-Grupp (D) fiċ-Champions League (kontra [[Galatasaray SK|Galatasaray]], [[Rangers FC|Rangers]] u [[AS Monaco FC]]), biex b'hekk laħqu t-tieni rawnd għall-ewwel darba. Il-kampanja kampjonat kienet inqas suċċessiva – fir-raba pożizzjoni, l-agħar taħt Osim. Wara l-isfruttar fiċ-Champions League, diversi plejers ewlenin barra mit-12 li telqu tard ma kinux xieraq sostitwiti. L-agħar għadu, dan iżvilupp mill-ġdid tal-iskwadra għaġġlet il-profitt magħmul mill-kampanja Ewropea. Frazzjoni żgħira tal-flus biss ġew investiti fl-iżvilupp taż-żgħażagħ, biex jistabbilixxu akkademja. Minbarra dan, it-tim ġdid assemblat mill-ġdid lesta fit-tieni post fil-kampjonat, iżda naqsu fl-ostaklu kwalifiku għaċ-Champions League. Dan, flimkien ma' kritika dejjem akbar mill-President preċipitat ta' tluq ta' Osim wara tmien snin fit-tmexxija. === 2002 sal-2009 – Konsolidazzjoni === [[Stampa:Mannschaft des SK Sturm Graz beim Cupfinale 2010.jpg|thumb|300px|right|SK Sturm Graz, rebbieħa tat-tazza 2010]] [[Franco Foda]] u [[Gilbert Gress]] (7 telfiet f'9 logħob) it-tnejn gawdew żmien qasir u kienu nutli bħala kowċis, qabel l-eks midfilder [[Mihailo Petrović (kowċ)|Michael Petrovic]] ħa kontroll fil-ħarifa 2003. Huwa presjeduta introduzzjoni gradwali ta' talenti żagħżugħa, iżguraw pożizzjoni fl-ogħla post għat-tim kemm fl-2004 u fl-2005, li rfinaw fis-7 post. Mill-2005 Sturm Graz kienet qed jiffaċċjaw problemi finanzjarji u fil-1 ta' Settembru, 2006 petizzjoni ta 'falliment kienet ġiet ippreżentata mill-awtoritajiet fiskali. Minħabba l-qagħda finanzjarja Sturm kienu sfurzati biex jużaw plejers żgħażagħ, li kienu malajr mibjugħa lill rikonċiljat tal-klabb. === 2009 sal-ġurnata preżenta – Suċċess ġdid === [[Stampa:Sturm Graz.png|thumb|right|Eks emblema]] Wara li ġew ir-4 fl-2009, Sturm kwalifikaw għall-fażi tal-gruppi tal-[[Europe League]] fl-istaġun 2009-2010. L-avversarji tagħhom kienu [[Galatasaray SK|Galatasaray]], [[Panathinaikos FC|Panathinaikos]] u [[Dinamo Bucureşti]]. Fl-2010 Sturm rebħu l-[[Tazza Awstrijaka|ÖFB-Cup]] ġewwa Klagenfurt quddiem 25000 partitarji tagħhom stess kontra [[SC Wiener Neustadt]]. Dan kien l-ogħla numru ta' partitarji li vjaġġaw għal taqbila differenti fl-[[Stati tal-Awstrija|istat]]. Fl-istaġun 2010-2011 Sturm rebħu l-kampjonat Awstrijak. Il-qofol tal-istaġun kien il-logħba kwalifikanti kontra [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] fl-Europe League. Fl-istaġun 2011-2012 Sturm daħlu fil-kwalifiki taċ-Champions League bħala tim miżruh fit-2 rawnd. == Stadju == L-istadju tradizzjonali tat-tim għal ħafna snin kien il-''Gruabn'', li jeda' aktar minn 12,000 spettatur – kważi esklussivament bil-wieqfa – u kien ikkaratterizzat minn qasam dejaq tal-logħob tiegħu, u l-prossimità tal-partitarju u l-plejers. Mill-1997 sal-2005, Gruabn kien użat biss bħala grawnd għat-tahriġ u għall-logħob taż-żagħżagħ; fl-2005, il-grawnd kien mibjugħ lill-belt ta' [[Graz]] biex ittaffu d-diffikultajiet finanzjarji tal-klabb. Fl-1997 waslet il-mixja lejn l-[[UPC-Arena|Istadju Arnold Schwarzenegger]], li huwa maqsum bejn Sturm u rivali lokali tagħhom, [[Grazer AK]]. Minn Frar tal-2006, l-istadju huwa msejaħ [[UPC-Arena]]. == Unuri == ; [[Bundesliga (Awstrija)|Bundesliga Awstrijaka]] : Ċampjins (4): 1998, 1999, 2011, 2024 : Runners-up (5): 1981, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2002 ; [[Tazza Awstrijaka|ÖFB-Cup]] : Rebbieħa (6): 1996, 1997, 1999, 2010, 2018, 2023 : Runners-up (4): 1948, 1975, 1998, 2002 ; [[Supercup Awstrijaka]] : Rebbieħa (3): 1996, 1998, 1999 : Runners-up (2): 1997, 2002 ; '''Ċampjins Dilettanti Awstrijaċi''' (1): 1934 ; '''Ċampjins Stirjani Reġjonali''' (11): 1921, 1923, 1925, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 ; '''Tazza Stirjana''' (9): 1932, 1933, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 ; '''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' (3 parteċipazzjonijiet):1998, 1999, 2000 (it-2 Fażi tal-Gruppi) ; '''[[UEFA Cup]]''' (11 parteċipazzjonijiet): 1970-71, 1974-75, 1978-79, 1981-82, 1983-84 (kwarti tal-finali), 1988-89, 1991-92, 1995-96, 1999, 2002 ; '''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' (1): [[UEFA Intertoto Cup 2008|2008]] (Rebbieħa) == Parteċipazzjoni fl-Ewropa == * '''K'''= Kwalifikazzjoni * '''P'''= Preliminari * '''PO''' = Play-Off {| class="wikitable" ! Staġun ! Kompetizzjoni ! Rawnd ! Pajjiż ! Klabb ! Home ! Away |- |rowspan="2"|[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970–71|1970–71]] |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Cup]] |1 |{{flagicon|FIN}} |[[Ilves Tampere]] |3–0 |2–4 |- |2 |{{flagicon|ENG}} |[[Arsenal FC]] |1–0 |0–2 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1974–75|1974–75]] |[[UEFA Cup]] |1 |{{flagicon|BEL}} |[[Royal Antwerp FC|Royal Antwerp]] |2–1 |0–1 |- |rowspan="3"|[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1975-76|1975–76]] |rowspan="3"|[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] |1 |{{flagicon|BUL|1971}} |[[PFC Slavia Sofia|Slavia Sofia]] |3–1 |0–1 |- |2 |{{flagicon|HUN|1957}} |[[Szombathelyi Haladás]] |2–0 |1–1 |- |R |{{flagicon|FRG}} |[[Eintracht Frankfurt]] |0–2 |0–1 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1978–79|1978–79]] |[[UEFA Cup]] |1R |{{flagicon|FRG}} |[[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] |1–2 |1–5 |- |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Cup 1981–82|1981–82]] |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Cup]] |1 |{{flagicon|URS}} |[[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moskva]] |1–0 |1–2 |- |2 |{{flagicon|SWE}} |[[IFK Göteborg]] |2–2 |2–3 |- |rowspan="4"|[[UEFA Cup 1983–84|1983–84]] |rowspan="4"|UEFA Cup |1 |{{flagicon|ROM|1965}} |[[FC Sportul Studențesc București|Sportul Studenţesc]] |0–0 |2–1 |- |2 |{{flagicon|ITA}} |[[Hellas Verona FC|Hellas Verona]] |0–0 |2–2 |- |3 |{{flagicon|GDR}} |[[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig|Lokomotive Leipzig]] |2–0 |0–1 |- |R |{{flagicon|ENG}} |[[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] |1–1 ([[Ħin supplementari|ħs]]) |0–1 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1988–89|1988–89]] |UEFA Cup |1 |{{flagicon|SWI}} |[[Servette FC|Servette Genève]] |0–0 |0–1 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1991–92|1991–92]] |UEFA Cup |1 |{{flagicon|Olanda}} |[[FC Utrecht]] |0–1 |1–3 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1995–96|1995–96]] |UEFA Cup |K |{{flagicon|CZE}} |[[SK Slavia Prague|Slavia Praha]] |0–1 |1–1 |- |[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1996-97|1996–97]] |UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |1 |{{flagicon|CZE}} |[[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Praha]] |2–2 |1–1 |- |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1997-98|1997–98]] |rowspan="2"|UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |1 |{{flagicon|CYP}} |[[APOEL FC|APOEL Nicosia]] |3–0 |1–0 |- |2 |{{flagicon|GRE}} |[[AEK Athens FC|AEK Athens]] |1–0 |0–2 |- |rowspan="4"|[[UEFA Champions League 1998-99|1998–99]] |rowspan="4"|[[UEFA Champions League]] |Q2 |{{flagicon|HUN}} |[[Újpest FC]] |4–0 |3–2 |- |rowspan="3"|Grupp C |{{flagicon|RUS}} |[[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moskva]] |0–2 |0–0 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} |[[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]] |0–2 |0–1 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |1–5 |1–6 |- |rowspan="4"|[[UEFA Champions League 1999-00|1999–00]] |rowspan="4"|UEFA Champions League |K3 |{{flagicon|SWI}} |[[Servette FC|Servette Genève]] |2–1 |2–2 |- |rowspan="3"|Grupp D, '''P''' |{{flagicon|FRA}} |[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] |3–2 |0–2 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} |[[Manchester United FC|Manchester United]] |0–3 |1–2 |- |{{flagicon|CRO}} |[[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Croatia Zagreb]] |1–0 |0–3 |- |[[UEFA Cup 1999–2000|1999–00]] |UEFA Cup |3 |{{flagicon|ITA}} |[[Parma FC|Parma AC]] |3–3 ([[Ħin supplementari|ħs]]) |1–2 |- |rowspan="8"|[[UEFA Champions League 2000-01|2000–01]] |rowspan="8"|UEFA Champions League |2K |{{flagicon|Iżrael}} |[[Hapoel Tel Aviv FC|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] |3–0 |2–1 |- |3K |{{flagicon|Olanda}} |[[Feyenoord]] |2–1 |1–1 |- |rowspan="3"|Grupp D, '''P''' |{{flagicon|SCO}} |[[Rangers FC|Rangers]] |2–0 |0–5 |- |{{flagicon|TUR}} |[[Galatasaray SK|Galatasaray]] |3–0 |2–2 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} |[[AS Monaco]] |2–0 |0–5 |- |rowspan="3"|Grupp A |{{flagicon|ESP}} |[[Valencia CF]] |0–5 |0–2 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} |[[Manchester United FC|Manchester United]] |0–2 |0–3 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} |[[Panathinaikos FC|Panathinaikos]] |2–0 |2–1 |- |[[UEFA Intertoto Cup 2001|2001]] |[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] |2 |{{flagicon|SWI}} |[[FC Lausanne-Sport|Lausanne Sport]] |0–1 |3–3 |- |[[UEFA Champions League 2002-03|2002–03]] |UEFA Champions League |3K |{{flagicon|Iżrael}} |[[Maccabi Haifa FC|Maccabi Haifa]] |3–3 |0–2 |- |rowspan="3"|[[UEFA Cup 2002–03|2002–03]] |rowspan="3"|UEFA Cup |1 |{{flagicon|SCO}} |[[Livingston FC|Livingston]] |5–2 |3–4 |- |2 |{{flagicon|BUL}} |[[PFC Levski Sofia|Levski Sofia]] |1–0 |0–1 ([[L-għoti tal-penalties|p]] 8-7) |- |3 |{{flagicon|ITA}} |[[SS Lazio|Lazio Roma]] |1–3 |1–0 |- |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Intertoto Cup 2005|2005]] |rowspan="2"|UEFA Intertoto Cup |1 |{{flagicon|Andorra}} |[[FC Rànger's]] |5–0 |1–1 |- |2 |{{flagicon|GER}} |[[VfL Wolfsburg]] |1–3 |2–2 |- |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Intertoto Cup 2008|2008]] |rowspan="2"|UEFA Intertoto Cup |R |{{flagicon|Belarus}} |[[Shakhter Soligorsk]] |2–0 |0–0 |- |3 |{{flagicon|HUN}} |[[Honved Budapest]] |0–0 |2–1 |- |[[UEFA Cup 2008-09|2008–09]] |UEFA Cup |2K |{{flagicon|SWI}} |[[FC Zürich]] |1–1 ([[L-għoti tal-penalties|p]] 2-4) |1–1 |- |rowspan="6"|[[UEFA Europa League 2009-10|2009–10]] |rowspan="6"|[[UEFA Europa League]] |2K |{{flagicon|BIH}} |[[NK Široki Brijeg]] |2–1 |1–1 |- |3K |{{flagicon|Montenegro}} |[[OFK Petrovac|Petrovac]] |5–0 |2–1 |- |''Play Off'' |{{flagicon|Ukrajna}} |[[FC Metalist Kharkiv|Metalist Kharkiv]] |1–1 |1–0 |- |rowspan="3"|Grupp F |{{flagicon|ROM}} |[[FC Dinamo Bucureşti|Dinamo Bucureşti]] |0–1 |1–2 |- |{{flagicon|TUR}} |[[Galatasaray SK|Galatasaray]] |1–0 |1–1 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} |[[Panathinaikos FC|Panathinaikos]] |0–1 |0–1 |- |rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Europa League 2010-11|2010–11]] |rowspan="2"|UEFA Europa League |3K |{{flagicon|GEO}} |[[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dinamo Tbilisi]] |2–0 |1–1 |- |''Play Off'' |{{flagicon|ITA}} |[[FC Juventus|Juventus FC]] |1–2 |0–1 |- |rowspan="6"|2011–12 |rowspan="3"|[[UEFA Champions League 2011-12|UEFA Champions League]] |2K |{{flagicon|HUN}} |[[Videoton FC|Videoton]] |2–0 |2–3 |- |3K |{{flagicon|GEO}} |[[FC Zestafoni|Zestafoni]] |1–0 |1–1 |- |PO |{{flagicon|Belarus}} |[[FC BATE Borisov|BATE Borisov]] |0–2 |1–1 |- |rowspan="3"|[[UEFA Europa League 2011-12|UEFA Europa League]] |rowspan="3"|Grupp L |{{flagicon|Russja}} |[[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]] |1–2 |1-3 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} |[[AEK Athens FC|AEK Athens]] |1-3 |2-1 |- |{{flagicon|BEL}} |[[RSC Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] |0-2 |0-3 |- |[[UEFA Europa League 2013-14|2013–14]] |[[UEFA Europa League]] |2K |{{flagicon|Iżlanda}} |[[Breiðablik UBK|Breiðablik]] |– |0–0 |- |} == Plejers notevoli == {{col-begin-small}} {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Ivica Vastić]] * {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Filip De Wilde]] * {{flagicon|Ċili}} [[Francisco Rojas]] * {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Božo Bakota]] * {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Gordon Schildenfeld]] {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Davit Mujiri]] * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Franco Foda]] * {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mehrdad Minavand]] * {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mehdi Pashazadeh]] * {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giuseppe Giannini]] {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|POL}} [[Kazimierz Sidorczuk]] * {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Ranko Popović]] * {{flagicon|Slovenja}} [[Darko Milanič]] * {{flagicon|URU}} [[Andrés Fleurquin]] {{col-3}} {{col-end}} == Kowċis == {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|AUT}} Leopold Kruschitz (1945–46) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Josef Molzer (1946–49) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Ludwig Durek (1950) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Franz Czernicky (1951–52) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Karl Decker (1952–54) * {{flagicon|HUN|1957}} {{flagicon|AUT}} Janos Gerdov (1954) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Hans Gmeindl (1955) * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Rudolf Strittich]] (1955–56) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Josef Blum (1956–58) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Ludwig Durek (1958–60) * {{flagicon|HUN|1957}} {{flagicon|AUT}} János Szép (1960–61) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Ott Mühlbauer (1961) * {{flagicon|AUT}} August Rumpf (1961–62) * {{flagicon|HUN|1957}} {{flagicon|AUT}} Lajos Lörinczy (1962–63) * {{flagicon|AUT}} August Rumpf (1963) {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|AUT}} Rudolf Suchanek (1963–64) * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Karl Adamek]] (1965–66) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Franz Fuchs (1966–67) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Karl Kowanz (1967) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Gerd Springer (1967–70) * {{flagicon|HUN|1957}} {{flagicon|AUT}} János Szép (1970–71) * {{flagicon|AUT}} August Rumpf (1971) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Adolf Remy (1971–72) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Karl Schlechta (1972–77) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Günter Paulitsch (1977–80) * {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Otto Barić]] (Lul 1980–Ġun 82) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Gernot Fraydl (1982–84) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Robert Pflug (April 1984–Set 84) * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Hermann Stessl]] (Set 1984–Ġun 85) * {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Marković]] (Lul 1985–Ott 85) {{col-3}} * {{flagicon|AUT}} Franz Mikscha (1985–86) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Walter Ludescher (Lul 1986–Set 88) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Manfred Steiner (1988) * {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Otto Barić]] (Ott 1988–Ġun 89) * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[August Starek]] (Lul 1989–Nov 91) * {{flagicon|AUT}} Robert Pflug (Nov 1991–Ott 92) * {{flagicon|Slovakkja}} [[Ladislav Jurkemik]] (Nov 1992–Ġun 93) * {{flagicon|CRO}} Milan Đuričić (Lul 1993–Ġun 94) * {{flagicon|BIH}} [[Ivica Osim]] (Ġun 1994-Set 02) * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Franco Foda]] (Set 2002–Mejju 03) * {{flagicon|SWI}} [[Gilbert Gress]] (Lul 2003–Aww 03) * {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Mihailo Petrović]] (Set 2003–Mejju 06) * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Franco Foda]] (Lul 2006–April 12) * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Thomas Kristl]] ''(provviżorju)'' (April 2012–Mejju 12) * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Hyballa]] (Ġun 2012–) {{col-end}} == Tmexxija tal-Klabb == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:90%" width=40% !style="background: #000000; color:white" align=left| Isem !style="background: #000000; color:white" align=right| Rwol |- !colspan=2 style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right|Amministrazzjoni |- | Christian Jauk | President |- !colspan=2 style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right|Staff tal-Kowċing |- | Peter Hyballa | Kowċ |- | Thomas Kristl | Kowċ Assistent |- | Kazimierz Sidorczuk | Kowċ tal-Gowlers |- | Didi Pegam | Kowċ taż-żagħżagħ |- |} == Ħoloq esterni == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091016163027/http://www.eufo.de/football/aut/sk_sgraz.htm Sturm Graz fuq EUFO.DE] * [http://www.weltfussball.de/teams/sturm-graz/ Sturm Graz fuq Weltfussball.de] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821144508/http://www.playerhistory.com/club/3777/ Sturm Graz fuq Playerhistory.com] * [http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/verein/122/sksturmgraz/uebersicht/startseite_sort_rn.html Sturm Graz fuq Transfermarkt.de] * [http://www.footballsquads.co.uk/austria/2012-2013/bundes/sturmgraz.htm Sturm Graz fuq Football Squads.co.uk] * [http://www.football-lineups.com/team/Sturm_Graz/ Sturm Graz fuq Football-Lineups.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330233110/http://www.weltfussballarchiv.com/club_profile.php?ID=2518 Aħbarijiet fuq Sturm Graz] {{commons|SK Sturm Graz}} {{Bundesliga (Awstrija)}} [[Kategorija:Klabbs tal-futbol Awstrijaċi|Sturm Graz]] [[Kategorija:Klabbs tal-futbol stabbiliti fl-1909]] [[Kategorija:SK Sturm Graz]] myhfcgxemjcd3tnwl8fd13f6vwtuks7 0 27864 330796 319300 2026-06-29T17:44:40Z ToniSant 4257 +mewt 330796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Antoinette Miggiani''' (5 ta' Settembru 1937 – 29 ta' Ġunju 2026) kienet sopran tal-opri u [[Għalliem|għalliema]] tal-kant [[Maltin|Maltija]]. == Bijografija == Antoinette Miggiani twieldet f'[[Tas-Sliema]], [[Malta]]. Wara li studjat il-pjanu u l-kant f'Malta, hija rebħet borża ta' studju tal-Kunsill [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] biex tistudja fl-Akkademja Rjali tal-[[Mużika]] f'[[Londra]] fl-1958.<ref>''Music in Britain: A Quarterly Review'' (Winter 1958/59), p. 26.</ref> Iktar 'il quddiem hija ngħatat kuntratt biex taħdem mar-Royal Opera House f'Covent Garden għall-istaġuni tal-1961-1962 wara li rebħet l-Ewwel Premju f'Kompetizzjoni Internazzjonali għall-[[Kantant|Kantanti]] tas-Soċjetà Filarmonika Rjali ta' [[Liverpool]].<ref>George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (ed.) ''Opera'', Jannar 1960 Vol. II No. 1, p. 456.</ref> Matul is-snin 60 tas-seklu 20, hija kantat f'Londra, fi [[Franza]], fil-[[Ġermanja]], u fl-Italja (fejn kantat diversi drabi għar-Radju Taljan). Reġgħet ġiet lura Malta bosta drabi u kantat fit-[[Teatru Manoel]] fir-rwol ta' Leonora f'<nowiki/>''La forza del destino'' ta' [[Giuseppe Verdi]] fl-1963 u fir-rwol ta' Santuzza f'<nowiki/>''Cavalleria rusticana'' ta' [[Pietro Mascagni]] fl-1965, kif ukoll fi Spettaklu Gala Rjali fit-teatru għar-[[Reġina Eliżabetta II]] u għall-[[Prinċep Philip, Duka ta' Edinburgu|Prinċep Philip]] fl-1967. Fl-1968 ħadet sehem f'sensiela ta' spettakli madwar l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], fejn kantat kemm fi spettakli tal-kant kif ukoll fl-opri, inkluż fir-rwol ta' Maddalena f'''Andrea Chénier'' ta' [[Umberto Giordano]] fis-[[Seattle]] Opera flimkien ma' [[Franco Corelli]] fir-rwol tal-protagonista.<ref name=":0">Charles Zammit Haber, "Antoinette Miggiani (5.9.37. - ) Maltese Soprano".</ref> Il-karriera internazzjonali tagħha kellha tieqaf ħesrem fl-1970, meta l-ġenituri tagħha mardu u reġgħet lura Malta b'mod permanenti biex tieħu ħsiebhom.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani Explained|sit=everything.explained.today|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306082709/http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|arkivju-data=2022-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Madankollu, hija baqgħet tkanta f'Malta fi spettakli folkloristiċi (lieder) u f'kunċerti, u waħedha fi spettakli tal-mużika sagra, inkluż ir-''Requiems'' ta' Verdi, ta' [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], ta' [[Elgar]], u ta' [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]; l-i''Stabat Mater'' ta' [[Antonín Dvořák]]; u l-''Messe solennelle Sainte-Cécile'' ta' [[Gounod]]. Hija kantat ukoll fl-opri organizzati fit-Teatru Manoel, inkluż ir-rwol titolari tal-''Ipogeana'' ta' [[Carmelo Pace]] fil-premiere dinji tal-1976.<ref name=":0" /> Għal bosta snin Miggiani ilha għalliema distinta tal-kant f'Malta. Fost l-eks studenti tagħha kien hemm is-sopran [[Lydia Caruana]] u l-baritonu [[Lino Attard]]. Fit-13 ta' Diċembru 1991, Miggiani ngħatat l-Medalja għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika ta' Malta.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|titlu=Office of the Prime Minister|data=2008-08-20|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820104603/http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|arkivju-data=2008-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miggiani, Antoinette}} [[Kategorija:Nies ħajjin]] [[Kategorija:Kantanti Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1937]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Tas-Sliema]] 8fqmt540xgx7udc34h2clhz3hz949as 330797 330796 2026-06-29T17:46:17Z ToniSant 4257 +ref 330797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Antoinette Miggiani''' (5 ta' Settembru 1937 – 29 ta' Ġunju 2026) kienet sopran tal-opri u [[Għalliem|għalliema]] tal-kant [[Maltin|Maltija]]. == Bijografija == Antoinette Miggiani twieldet f'[[Tas-Sliema]], [[Malta]]. Wara li studjat il-pjanu u l-kant f'Malta, hija rebħet borża ta' studju tal-Kunsill [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] biex tistudja fl-Akkademja Rjali tal-[[Mużika]] f'[[Londra]] fl-1958.<ref>''Music in Britain: A Quarterly Review'' (Winter 1958/59), p. 26.</ref> Iktar 'il quddiem hija ngħatat kuntratt biex taħdem mar-Royal Opera House f'Covent Garden għall-istaġuni tal-1961-1962 wara li rebħet l-Ewwel Premju f'Kompetizzjoni Internazzjonali għall-[[Kantant|Kantanti]] tas-Soċjetà Filarmonika Rjali ta' [[Liverpool]].<ref>George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (ed.) ''Opera'', Jannar 1960 Vol. II No. 1, p. 456.</ref> Matul is-snin 60 tas-seklu 20, hija kantat f'Londra, fi [[Franza]], fil-[[Ġermanja]], u fl-Italja (fejn kantat diversi drabi għar-Radju Taljan). Reġgħet ġiet lura Malta bosta drabi u kantat fit-[[Teatru Manoel]] fir-rwol ta' Leonora f'<nowiki/>''La forza del destino'' ta' [[Giuseppe Verdi]] fl-1963 u fir-rwol ta' Santuzza f'<nowiki/>''Cavalleria rusticana'' ta' [[Pietro Mascagni]] fl-1965, kif ukoll fi Spettaklu Gala Rjali fit-teatru għar-[[Reġina Eliżabetta II]] u għall-[[Prinċep Philip, Duka ta' Edinburgu|Prinċep Philip]] fl-1967. Fl-1968 ħadet sehem f'sensiela ta' spettakli madwar l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], fejn kantat kemm fi spettakli tal-kant kif ukoll fl-opri, inkluż fir-rwol ta' Maddalena f'''Andrea Chénier'' ta' [[Umberto Giordano]] fis-[[Seattle]] Opera flimkien ma' [[Franco Corelli]] fir-rwol tal-protagonista.<ref name=":0">Charles Zammit Haber, "Antoinette Miggiani (5.9.37. - ) Maltese Soprano".</ref> Il-karriera internazzjonali tagħha kellha tieqaf ħesrem fl-1970, meta l-ġenituri tagħha mardu u reġgħet lura Malta b'mod permanenti biex tieħu ħsiebhom.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani Explained|sit=everything.explained.today|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306082709/http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|arkivju-data=2022-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Madankollu, hija baqgħet tkanta f'Malta fi spettakli folkloristiċi (lieder) u f'kunċerti, u waħedha fi spettakli tal-mużika sagra, inkluż ir-''Requiems'' ta' Verdi, ta' [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], ta' [[Elgar]], u ta' [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]; l-i''Stabat Mater'' ta' [[Antonín Dvořák]]; u l-''Messe solennelle Sainte-Cécile'' ta' [[Gounod]]. Hija kantat ukoll fl-opri organizzati fit-Teatru Manoel, inkluż ir-rwol titolari tal-''Ipogeana'' ta' [[Carmelo Pace]] fil-premiere dinji tal-1976.<ref name=":0" /> Għal bosta snin Miggiani ilha għalliema distinta tal-kant f'Malta. Fost l-eks studenti tagħha kien hemm is-sopran [[Lydia Caruana]] u l-baritonu [[Lino Attard]]. Fit-13 ta' Diċembru 1991, Miggiani ngħatat l-Medalja għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika ta' Malta.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|titlu=Office of the Prime Minister|data=2008-08-20|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820104603/http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|arkivju-data=2008-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miggiani mietet fid-29 ta' Ġunju 2026.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miggiani, Antoinette}} [[Kategorija:Nies ħajjin]] [[Kategorija:Kantanti Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1937]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Tas-Sliema]] 0b6pjxzwxqn9jsdujhv5t10f09cxk40 330798 330797 2026-06-29T17:46:59Z ToniSant 4257 +ref 330798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Antoinette Miggiani''' (5 ta' Settembru 1937 – 29 ta' Ġunju 2026) kienet sopran tal-opri u [[Għalliem|għalliema]] tal-kant [[Maltin|Maltija]]. == Bijografija == Antoinette Miggiani twieldet f'[[Tas-Sliema]], [[Malta]]. Wara li studjat il-pjanu u l-kant f'Malta, hija rebħet borża ta' studju tal-Kunsill [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] biex tistudja fl-Akkademja Rjali tal-[[Mużika]] f'[[Londra]] fl-1958.<ref>''Music in Britain: A Quarterly Review'' (Winter 1958/59), p. 26.</ref> Iktar 'il quddiem hija ngħatat kuntratt biex taħdem mar-Royal Opera House f'Covent Garden għall-istaġuni tal-1961-1962 wara li rebħet l-Ewwel Premju f'Kompetizzjoni Internazzjonali għall-[[Kantant|Kantanti]] tas-Soċjetà Filarmonika Rjali ta' [[Liverpool]].<ref>George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (ed.) ''Opera'', Jannar 1960 Vol. II No. 1, p. 456.</ref> Matul is-snin 60 tas-seklu 20, hija kantat f'Londra, fi [[Franza]], fil-[[Ġermanja]], u fl-Italja (fejn kantat diversi drabi għar-Radju Taljan). Reġgħet ġiet lura Malta bosta drabi u kantat fit-[[Teatru Manoel]] fir-rwol ta' Leonora f'<nowiki/>''La forza del destino'' ta' [[Giuseppe Verdi]] fl-1963 u fir-rwol ta' Santuzza f'<nowiki/>''Cavalleria rusticana'' ta' [[Pietro Mascagni]] fl-1965, kif ukoll fi Spettaklu Gala Rjali fit-teatru għar-[[Reġina Eliżabetta II]] u għall-[[Prinċep Philip, Duka ta' Edinburgu|Prinċep Philip]] fl-1967. Fl-1968 ħadet sehem f'sensiela ta' spettakli madwar l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], fejn kantat kemm fi spettakli tal-kant kif ukoll fl-opri, inkluż fir-rwol ta' Maddalena f'''Andrea Chénier'' ta' [[Umberto Giordano]] fis-[[Seattle]] Opera flimkien ma' [[Franco Corelli]] fir-rwol tal-protagonista.<ref name=":0">Charles Zammit Haber, "Antoinette Miggiani (5.9.37. - ) Maltese Soprano".</ref> Il-karriera internazzjonali tagħha kellha tieqaf ħesrem fl-1970, meta l-ġenituri tagħha mardu u reġgħet lura Malta b'mod permanenti biex tieħu ħsiebhom.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani Explained|sit=everything.explained.today|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306082709/http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|arkivju-data=2022-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Madankollu, hija baqgħet tkanta f'Malta fi spettakli folkloristiċi (lieder) u f'kunċerti, u waħedha fi spettakli tal-mużika sagra, inkluż ir-''Requiems'' ta' Verdi, ta' [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], ta' [[Elgar]], u ta' [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]; l-i''Stabat Mater'' ta' [[Antonín Dvořák]]; u l-''Messe solennelle Sainte-Cécile'' ta' [[Gounod]]. Hija kantat ukoll fl-opri organizzati fit-Teatru Manoel, inkluż ir-rwol titolari tal-''Ipogeana'' ta' [[Carmelo Pace]] fil-premiere dinji tal-1976.<ref name=":0" /> Għal bosta snin Miggiani ilha għalliema distinta tal-kant f'Malta. Fost l-eks studenti tagħha kien hemm is-sopran [[Lydia Caruana]] u l-baritonu [[Lino Attard]]. Fit-13 ta' Diċembru 1991, Miggiani ngħatat l-Medalja għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika ta' Malta.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|titlu=Office of the Prime Minister|data=2008-08-20|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820104603/http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|arkivju-data=2008-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miggiani mietet fid-29 ta' Ġunju 2026.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miggiani, Antoinette}} [[Kategorija:Nies ħajjin]] [[Kategorija:Kantanti Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1937]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Tas-Sliema]] c3j3kjnuebtv41bh73o9lsihoqdvkzx 330799 330798 2026-06-29T17:49:50Z ToniSant 4257 added [[Category:Mietu fl-2026]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 330799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Antoinette Miggiani''' (5 ta' Settembru 1937 – 29 ta' Ġunju 2026) kienet sopran tal-opri u [[Għalliem|għalliema]] tal-kant [[Maltin|Maltija]]. == Bijografija == Antoinette Miggiani twieldet f'[[Tas-Sliema]], [[Malta]]. Wara li studjat il-pjanu u l-kant f'Malta, hija rebħet borża ta' studju tal-Kunsill [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] biex tistudja fl-Akkademja Rjali tal-[[Mużika]] f'[[Londra]] fl-1958.<ref>''Music in Britain: A Quarterly Review'' (Winter 1958/59), p. 26.</ref> Iktar 'il quddiem hija ngħatat kuntratt biex taħdem mar-Royal Opera House f'Covent Garden għall-istaġuni tal-1961-1962 wara li rebħet l-Ewwel Premju f'Kompetizzjoni Internazzjonali għall-[[Kantant|Kantanti]] tas-Soċjetà Filarmonika Rjali ta' [[Liverpool]].<ref>George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (ed.) ''Opera'', Jannar 1960 Vol. II No. 1, p. 456.</ref> Matul is-snin 60 tas-seklu 20, hija kantat f'Londra, fi [[Franza]], fil-[[Ġermanja]], u fl-Italja (fejn kantat diversi drabi għar-Radju Taljan). Reġgħet ġiet lura Malta bosta drabi u kantat fit-[[Teatru Manoel]] fir-rwol ta' Leonora f'<nowiki/>''La forza del destino'' ta' [[Giuseppe Verdi]] fl-1963 u fir-rwol ta' Santuzza f'<nowiki/>''Cavalleria rusticana'' ta' [[Pietro Mascagni]] fl-1965, kif ukoll fi Spettaklu Gala Rjali fit-teatru għar-[[Reġina Eliżabetta II]] u għall-[[Prinċep Philip, Duka ta' Edinburgu|Prinċep Philip]] fl-1967. Fl-1968 ħadet sehem f'sensiela ta' spettakli madwar l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], fejn kantat kemm fi spettakli tal-kant kif ukoll fl-opri, inkluż fir-rwol ta' Maddalena f'''Andrea Chénier'' ta' [[Umberto Giordano]] fis-[[Seattle]] Opera flimkien ma' [[Franco Corelli]] fir-rwol tal-protagonista.<ref name=":0">Charles Zammit Haber, "Antoinette Miggiani (5.9.37. - ) Maltese Soprano".</ref> Il-karriera internazzjonali tagħha kellha tieqaf ħesrem fl-1970, meta l-ġenituri tagħha mardu u reġgħet lura Malta b'mod permanenti biex tieħu ħsiebhom.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani Explained|sit=everything.explained.today|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306082709/http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|arkivju-data=2022-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Madankollu, hija baqgħet tkanta f'Malta fi spettakli folkloristiċi (lieder) u f'kunċerti, u waħedha fi spettakli tal-mużika sagra, inkluż ir-''Requiems'' ta' Verdi, ta' [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], ta' [[Elgar]], u ta' [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]; l-i''Stabat Mater'' ta' [[Antonín Dvořák]]; u l-''Messe solennelle Sainte-Cécile'' ta' [[Gounod]]. Hija kantat ukoll fl-opri organizzati fit-Teatru Manoel, inkluż ir-rwol titolari tal-''Ipogeana'' ta' [[Carmelo Pace]] fil-premiere dinji tal-1976.<ref name=":0" /> Għal bosta snin Miggiani ilha għalliema distinta tal-kant f'Malta. Fost l-eks studenti tagħha kien hemm is-sopran [[Lydia Caruana]] u l-baritonu [[Lino Attard]]. Fit-13 ta' Diċembru 1991, Miggiani ngħatat l-Medalja għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika ta' Malta.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|titlu=Office of the Prime Minister|data=2008-08-20|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820104603/http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|arkivju-data=2008-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miggiani mietet fid-29 ta' Ġunju 2026.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miggiani, Antoinette}} [[Kategorija:Nies ħajjin]] [[Kategorija:Kantanti Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1937]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Tas-Sliema]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] skztahdit6n52ro5vvo5pz7jeoc8nhz 330800 330799 2026-06-29T17:51:16Z ToniSant 4257 removed [[Category:Nies ħajjin]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 330800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Antoinette Miggiani''' (5 ta' Settembru 1937 – 29 ta' Ġunju 2026) kienet sopran tal-opri u [[Għalliem|għalliema]] tal-kant [[Maltin|Maltija]]. == Bijografija == Antoinette Miggiani twieldet f'[[Tas-Sliema]], [[Malta]]. Wara li studjat il-pjanu u l-kant f'Malta, hija rebħet borża ta' studju tal-Kunsill [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] biex tistudja fl-Akkademja Rjali tal-[[Mużika]] f'[[Londra]] fl-1958.<ref>''Music in Britain: A Quarterly Review'' (Winter 1958/59), p. 26.</ref> Iktar 'il quddiem hija ngħatat kuntratt biex taħdem mar-Royal Opera House f'Covent Garden għall-istaġuni tal-1961-1962 wara li rebħet l-Ewwel Premju f'Kompetizzjoni Internazzjonali għall-[[Kantant|Kantanti]] tas-Soċjetà Filarmonika Rjali ta' [[Liverpool]].<ref>George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (ed.) ''Opera'', Jannar 1960 Vol. II No. 1, p. 456.</ref> Matul is-snin 60 tas-seklu 20, hija kantat f'Londra, fi [[Franza]], fil-[[Ġermanja]], u fl-Italja (fejn kantat diversi drabi għar-Radju Taljan). Reġgħet ġiet lura Malta bosta drabi u kantat fit-[[Teatru Manoel]] fir-rwol ta' Leonora f'<nowiki/>''La forza del destino'' ta' [[Giuseppe Verdi]] fl-1963 u fir-rwol ta' Santuzza f'<nowiki/>''Cavalleria rusticana'' ta' [[Pietro Mascagni]] fl-1965, kif ukoll fi Spettaklu Gala Rjali fit-teatru għar-[[Reġina Eliżabetta II]] u għall-[[Prinċep Philip, Duka ta' Edinburgu|Prinċep Philip]] fl-1967. Fl-1968 ħadet sehem f'sensiela ta' spettakli madwar l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], fejn kantat kemm fi spettakli tal-kant kif ukoll fl-opri, inkluż fir-rwol ta' Maddalena f'''Andrea Chénier'' ta' [[Umberto Giordano]] fis-[[Seattle]] Opera flimkien ma' [[Franco Corelli]] fir-rwol tal-protagonista.<ref name=":0">Charles Zammit Haber, "Antoinette Miggiani (5.9.37. - ) Maltese Soprano".</ref> Il-karriera internazzjonali tagħha kellha tieqaf ħesrem fl-1970, meta l-ġenituri tagħha mardu u reġgħet lura Malta b'mod permanenti biex tieħu ħsiebhom.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani Explained|sit=everything.explained.today|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306082709/http://everything.explained.today/Antoinette_Miggiani/|arkivju-data=2022-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Madankollu, hija baqgħet tkanta f'Malta fi spettakli folkloristiċi (lieder) u f'kunċerti, u waħedha fi spettakli tal-mużika sagra, inkluż ir-''Requiems'' ta' Verdi, ta' [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], ta' [[Elgar]], u ta' [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]; l-i''Stabat Mater'' ta' [[Antonín Dvořák]]; u l-''Messe solennelle Sainte-Cécile'' ta' [[Gounod]]. Hija kantat ukoll fl-opri organizzati fit-Teatru Manoel, inkluż ir-rwol titolari tal-''Ipogeana'' ta' [[Carmelo Pace]] fil-premiere dinji tal-1976.<ref name=":0" /> Għal bosta snin Miggiani ilha għalliema distinta tal-kant f'Malta. Fost l-eks studenti tagħha kien hemm is-sopran [[Lydia Caruana]] u l-baritonu [[Lino Attard]]. Fit-13 ta' Diċembru 1991, Miggiani ngħatat l-Medalja għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika ta' Malta.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|titlu=Office of the Prime Minister|data=2008-08-20|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2022-03-06|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820104603/http://www.opm.gov.mt/midalji_members.htm|arkivju-data=2008-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miggiani mietet fid-29 ta' Ġunju 2026.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Referenzi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Miggiani, Antoinette}} [[Kategorija:Kantanti Maltin]] [[Kategorija:Twieldu fl-1937]] [[Kategorija:Nies minn Tas-Sliema]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] nqzuwde1ub6hnglm60re95utphloy96 0 34089 330795 330717 2026-06-29T17:40:07Z ToniSant 4257 /* Ġunju */ RIP Antoinette Miggiani 330795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Din hija lista ta' nies notevoli Maltin li mietu fl-2026.''' F'din il-lista jidhru biss ismijiet ta' nies li l-mewt tagħhom hija kkonfermata peremezz ta' rapport/i minn sorsi verifikabbli. Żidiet bla referenza għal sors verifikabbli jitneħħew minn hawn u jitpoġġew fil-[[Diskussjoni:Nies Maltin li mietu fl-2026|paġna ta' diskussjoni]] sakemm jiġu verifikati sew. Dwar kull persuna jinġabru biss dawn id-dettalji hawn: * Data: Isem u Kunjom, età (jew "??" meta din mhux magħrufa), għal xiex inhi magħrufa l-persuna, kawża tal-mewt (m'għandu jiddaħħal xejn meta mhux magħrufa uffiċjalment) - tagħrif ieħor f'każ ta' persuna li mhux inkluża f'Wikidata (eż. data tat-twelid), referenzi (għandu jkun hemm aktar minn waħda f'każ ta' nies aktar notevoli) '''''Nota:''' id-data tal-mewt m'għandix tkun dik ta' meta tħabbret imma ta' meta seħħet.'' ---- == Jannar == * 2: [[Tony Carr]], 98, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949|titlu=Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-01-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-perkussjonist-tony-carr-george-caruana-jmut-fl-eta-ta-98-sena/|titlu=Il-perkussjonist Tony Carr (George Caruana) jmut fl-età ta’ 98 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/01/02/tony-carr-passes-away/|titlu=Renowned Maltese drummer, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/138938/maltese_jazz_great_tony_carr_dies_aged_98|titlu=Maltese jazz great Tony Carr dies aged 98|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-02/local-news/Maltese-jazz-legend-Tony-Carr-passes-away-aged-98-6736286044|titlu=Maltese jazz legend, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-malti-tony-carr/|titlu=Imut ta' 98 sena d-drummer Malti Tony Carr|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-famuz-malti-tony-carr-li-daqq-mal-akbar-stilel-muzikali/|titlu=Imut ta’ 98 sena d-drummer famuż Malti Tony Carr li daqq mal-akbar stilel mużikali|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.melodija.eu/post/tony-carr-george-caruana-maltese-jazz-pioneer-dies-at-98|titlu=Tony Carr (George Caruana): Maltese Jazz Pioneer Dies at 98|kunjom=Mifsud|isem=Noel|data=2026-01-05|sit=Melodija|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/fond-tribute-on-death-of-drummer-who-played-with-the-greats-5465983|titlu=Fond tribute on death of drummer who played with the greats|kunjom=Hewitt|isem=Phil|data=2026-01-10|sit=SussexWorld|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-10}}</ref> * 5: [[George Spiteri]], 90, mużiċist u l-ewwel leader tal-[[Orkestra Filarmonika ta' Malta]] (twieled: 20 ta’ Lulju 1935) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-6-2026.1122080|titlu=Announcements − January 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-george-spiteri-l-ewwel-leader-tal-orkestra-filarmonika-ta-malta/|titlu=Imut George Spiteri, l-ewwel leader tal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1540894257190704/?t=49|titlu=MPO: Protagonisti - George Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Joe Julian|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/a-real-gentleman-good-musician-violinist-george-spiteri-dies-aged-90.1122103|titlu='A real gentleman': trailblazing violinist George Spiteri dies at 90|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref> * 6: [[Thomas Farrell]], 89, għalliem u l-ewwel sindku ta' Ħaż Żabbar <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/thomas-farrell-first-mayor-zabbar-dies-aged-89.1122141|titlu=Thomas Farrell, first mayor of Żabbar, dies aged 89|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-07}}</ref> * 14: [[Paul Chetcuti Caruana]], 77, tabib u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-deputat-laburista-t-tabib-paul-chetcuti-caruana/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Deputat Laburista t-Tabib Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=14 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana-dies.1122497|titlu=Mosta doctor Paul Chetcuti Caruana, targeted by 1977 letter bomb, dies aged 77|kunjom=Calleja|isem=Claudia|data=2026-01-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-14/local-news/Paul-Chetcuti-Caruana-who-survived-letter-bomb-attempt-in-1977-dies-6736286334|titlu=Paul Chetcuti Caruana, who survived letter-bomb attempt in 1977, dies - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/parliament-pays-tribute-mosta-doctor-pl-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana.1123482|titlu=Parliament pays tribute to Mosta doctor and PL MP Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-02-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-02}}</ref> * 20: [[Matthew Wismayer]], 53, fundatur ta' Schools for Africa (Malta) Foundation <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/matthew-wismayer-schools-africa-foundation-entrepreneur-dies.1122791|titlu=Matthew Wismayer, who turned a cancer diagnosis into inspiration, dies aged 53|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-01-20|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-matthew-wismayer-il-mohh-wara-progett-biex-jigu-meghjuna-tfal-fl-afrika/|titlu=Imut Matthew Wismayer, il-moħħ wara proġett biex jiġu megħjuna tfal fl-Afrika|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/malta/founder-of-prince-princess-malta-matthew-wismayer-passes-away/|titlu=Founder Of 'Prince & Princess Malta' Matthew Wismayer Passes Away|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Rebecca Scalvini|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/matthew-wismayer-passes-away-aged-53|titlu=Maltese Entrepreneur Matthew Wismayer passes away at 53|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-21-2026.1122811|titlu=Announcements – January 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> * 20: [[George Callus]], 88, ko-fundatur tal-Comtec (twieled: 8 ta' Settembru 1937) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/comtec-co-founder-george-callus-has-passed-away|titlu=Comtec Co-Founder George Callus has passed away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ir-ragel-ta-amy-callus-orlando-mrs-axiak-ta-simpatici/|titlu=Imut ir-raġel ta’ Amy Callus Orlando, Mrs Axiak ta’ Simpatiċi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/nimmissjak-immens-ghaziz-l-attrici-amy-callus-thabbar-it-telfa-ta-zewgha-george/|titlu="Nimmissjak Immens, Għażiż" - L-Attriċi Amy Callus Tħabbar It-Telfa Ta' Żewġha George|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-01-22|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-23-2026.1122923|titlu=Announcements – January 23, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Frar == * 4: [[Alfred Abela]], 80, eks-assistent kummissarju tal-pulizija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-assistent-kummissarju-tal-pulizija-alfred-abela/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Assistent Kummissarju tal-Pulizija Alfred Abela|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 5: [[Philip Farrugia Randon]], 76, avukat u kittieb li ħoloq il-karattru ta' Puttinu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dedicated-patriot-philip-farrugia-randon-dies.1123612|titlu='Dedicated patriot' Philip Farrugia Randon dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-6-2026.1123652|titlu=Announcements − February 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-dr-philip-farrugia-randon-avukat-u-awtur-li-holoq-il-karattru-puttinu/|titlu=Imut Dr Philip Farrugia Randon, avukat u awtur li ħoloq il-karattru Puttinu|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-02-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-philip-farrugia-randon.1124083|titlu=Appreciation: Philip Farrugia Randon|kunjom=De Bono|isem=Anthony|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 5: [[Helen Micallef]], 75, kantanta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/helen-micallef-eurovision-1972-singer-dies-aged-75.1123643|titlu=Helen Micallef, Eurovision 1972 singer, dies aged 75|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-helen-micallef-l-ewwel-maltija-fil-eurovision/|titlu=Tmut Helen Micallef, l-ewwel kantanta Maltija fil-Eurovision|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=5 Frar 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/139589/veteran_singer_helen_micallef_dies_aged_75|titlu=Veteran singer Helen Micallef dies aged 75|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/helen-micallef-tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-ghada-s-sibt/|titlu=Helen Micallef tingħata l-aħħar tislima għada s-Sibt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-05/local-news/Helen-Micallef-first-Maltese-woman-at-Eurovision-dies-at-75-6736286990|titlu=Helen Micallef, first Maltese woman at Eurovision, dies at 75 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/iccelebrata-l-hajja-tal-kantanta-helen-micallef/|titlu=Iċċelebrata l-ħajja tal-kantanta Helen Micallef|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Anton|data=7 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 8: [[Paul Aquilina]], 94, Ġiżwita Malti bbażat fl-Indja <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-fr-paul-aquilina-l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja/|titlu=Imut Fr Paul Aquilina – l-aħħar Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja-jkanta-l-ghanjiet-tal-milied/|titlu=L-aħħar Patri Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja jkanta l-Għanjiet tal-Milied|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=25 Diċembru 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mort-l-indja-biex-narah-jordna-sacerdot-u-kantajt-bil-malti-waqt-il-funeral-ta-fr-aquilina/|titlu=“Mort l-Indja nara żagħżugħ jiġi ordnat qassis, u spiċċajt inkanta bil-Malti fil-funeral ta’ Fr Aquilina”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-15-2026.1124084|titlu=Announcements – February 15, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 10: [[Lina Brockdorff|Lina Brockdorff,]] 95, kittieba <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/awardwinning-writer-lina-brockdorff-dies-aged-96.1123850|titlu=Novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-02-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-awtrici-lina-brockdorff-fl-eta-ta-95-sena/|titlu=Tmut l-awtriċi Lina Brockdorff fl-età ta' 95 sena|data=2026-02-10|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tax-xandara-u-l-kittieba-lina-brockdorff/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tax-xandara u l-kittieba Lina Brockdorff|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-10/local-news/Maltese-novelist-and-playwright-Lina-Brockdorff-dies-aged-95-6736287109|titlu=Maltese novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref> * 10: [[Achille Cauchi]], 86, monsinjur Għawdxi, ħu l-Isqof [[Nikol Cauchi]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-monsinjur-achille-cauchi/|titlu=Imut Monsinjur Achille Cauchi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/mons-achille-cauchi-10-02-2026|titlu=Mons. Achille Cauchi - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Laurence Grech]], 77, ġurnalist u eks-editur tas-Sunday Times of Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-times-malta-editor-laurence-grech-dies-aged-77.1124107|titlu=Former Times of Malta editor Laurence Grech dies, aged 77|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-laurence-grech-il-ggant-tal-gurnalizmu-l-eks-editur-tat-times-of-malta/|titlu=Imut Laurence Grech, “il-ġgant tal-ġurnaliżmu”, l-eks-editur tat-Times of Malta|data=15 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-16-2026.1124125|titlu=Announcements – February 16, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/laurence-grech-15-02-2026|titlu=Laurence Grech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Esmeralda Galea Camilleri]], 37, mużiċista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tal-muzicista-brava-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=Ħafna Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tal-Mużiċista Brava Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-02-16|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/kont-titpaxxa-tismaghha-tmut-il-muzicista-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=“Kont titpaxxa tismagħha” – tmut il-mużiċista Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Mario Bonnici]], 76, kantant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-kanzunetta-li-kont-iddedikaktli-se-tibqa-fqalbi-imut-il-kantant-mario-bonnici/|titlu=“Il-kanzunetta li kont iddedikajtli se tibqa’ f’qalbi” – imut il-kantant Mario Bonnici|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 18: [[Julian Attard]], 44, amministratur tal-futbol ma' [[Marsaxlokk FC]] u [[Floriana FC]] (twieled fis-27 ta' Novembru 1981) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/02/18/former-marsaxlokk-and-floriana-fc-administrator-julian-attard-dies/|titlu=Former Marsaxlokk and Floriana FC administrator Julian Attard dies|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gianluca|data=2026-02-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/hallejtna-kmieni-wisq-habib-imut-julian-attard-tat-tim-tal-futbol-ta-marsaxlokk/|titlu=“Ħallejtna kmieni wisq ħabib” – imut Julian Attard, tat-tim tal-futbol ta’ Marsaxlokk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 23: [[Manuel Casha]], 81, mużiċist, kittieb, u folklorista <ref> {{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-muzicist-manuel-casha-fl-awstralja/ |sit=ONEnews|data=24 Frar 2026|isem=Josef|kunjom=Caruana|lingwa=mt|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u mużiċist Manuel Casha fl-Awstralja}}</ref> * 28: [[Mario Buhagiar]], 81 professur tal-istorja tal-arti <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/mario-buhagiar-founder-art-history-department-dies-aged-81.1124795|titlu=Mario Buhagiar, founder of art history department dies aged 81|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-03-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/03/02/prof-mario-buhagiar/|titlu=Founder of the arts History Department – Professor Mario Buhagiar passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2 Marzu 2026|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Marzu == * 8: [[Joseph Gatt (Caritas)|Joseph Gatt]], 81, pijunier fir-riabilitazzjoni tad-drogati f'Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-gatt-drug-rehabilitation-pioneer-dies-aged-81.1125168|titlu=Joseph Gatt, drug rehabilitation pioneer, dies aged 81|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/segwi-meta-konna-fl-infern-habba-d-droga-joe-kien-anglu-kustodju/|titlu=Segwi: “Meta konna fl-infern ħabba d-droga Joe kien anġlu kustodju”|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=9 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 13: [[Luciano Bonello Bianco]], 72, propjetarju ta' Luciano Restaurant <ref>{{Ċita web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-march-15-2026.1125478 |titlu=Announcements|sit=Times of Malta|data-aċċess=2026-03-15}}</ref> * 21: [[Charles Micallef St John]], 81, kittieb u eks-kunsillier tal-Gżira <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-awtur-charles-micallef-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St John|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=21 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/21/imut-l-awtur-chaf-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St. John|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-03-21|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 22: [[Calvin Brincat]], 32, parteċipant fil-programm tat-television ''Hazzzard'', kanċer <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-calvin-brincat-li-ggieled-2-tipi-ta-kancer-u-kien-ippartecipa-fhazzzard/|titlu=Imut Calvin Brincat li ġġieled 2 tipi ta' kanċer u kien ipparteċipa f'HazZzard|data=2026-03-23|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-iz-zaghzugh-calvin-brincat-ta-hazzzard/|titlu=Imut iż-żagħżugħ Calvin Brincat ta’ HazZzard|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=23 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-paid-truly-sensitive-soul-cancer-patient-calvin-brincat.1125893|titlu=Tributes paid to 'truly sensitive soul', cancer victim Calvin Brincat|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 29: [[Elio Lombardi]], 92, kittieb u direttur tal-films <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/prolific-filmmaker-author-elio-lombardi-dies-aged-92.1126197|titlu=Prolific film-maker, author Elio Lombardi dies aged 92|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-03-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-awtur-tal-kotba-u-direttur-tal-films-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Imut l-awtur tal-kotba u direttur tal-films Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-03-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/29/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Elio Lombardi fl-età ta' 92 sena|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-03-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-attur-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u attur Elio Lombardi fl-età ta’ 92 Sena|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-elio-lombardi-figura-prominenti-fil-films-u-l-letteratura-maltija/|titlu=Imut Elio Lombardi, figura prominenti fil-films u l-letteratura Maltija|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-03-29/local-news/Maltese-author-and-film-director-Elio-Lombardi-dies-aged-92-6736288379|titlu=Maltese author and film director Elio Lombardi dies aged 92 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbar-meta-se-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Tħabbar meta se jingħata l-aħħar tislima Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=1 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-elio-dejjem-gharaf-li-kien-mimli-doni-minn-alla/|titlu=Ara: “Elio dejjem għaraf li kien mimli doni minn Alla”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=8 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-lil-elio-lombardi-ikona-fid-drama-maltija/|titlu=Tingħata l-aħħar tislima lil Elio Lombardi … ikona fid-drama Maltija|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Enrique|data=8 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == April == * 2: [[Edmond Zarb]], 81, kittieb u mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/02/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-muzicist-u-awtur-edmond-zarb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-mużiċist u awtur Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-02|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tajt-kontribut-lill-kultura-maltija-imut-l-awtur-u-pjanist-edmond-zarb|titlu=“Tajt kontribut lill-kultura Maltija” – imut l-awtur u pjanist Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 6: [[Graziella Castillo]], 47, direttur tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/graziella-castillo-director-agenzija-appogg-dies-aged-47.1126547|titlu=Graziella Castillo, director of Agenzija Appoġġ, dies aged 47|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-graziella-castillo-direttrici-tal-agenzija-appogg/|titlu=Tmut Graziella Castillo – Direttriċi tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ|data=6 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 11: [[Colin Willis]], 81, eks-kummissajru Awstraljan għal Malta u attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-13/local-news/Well-known-actor-Colin-Willis-passes-away-aged-81-6736288759|titlu=Well-known actor Colin Willis passes away aged 81 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-13}}</ref> * 12: [[Aurelio Belli]], 49, mużiċist u arranġatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/musician-mpo-manager-aurelio-belli-dies-aged-49.1126829|titlu=Musician and MPO manager Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-04-12|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2026/04/malta-mourns-maestro-49/|titlu=Malta mourns maestro, 49|kunjom=lebrecht|isem=Norman|data=12 April 2026|sit=Slipped Disc|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-12/local-news/Maestro-Aurelio-Belli-dies-aged-49-6736288731|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/140933/maestro_aurelio_belli_dies_at_49_|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies at 49|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=12 April 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-il-maestro-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut il-Maestro Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=12 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-is-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut is-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-12|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-maestro-aurelio-belli-fl-eta-ta-49-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Maestro Aurelio Belli fl-età ta’ 49 sena|kunjom=Sacco Baldacchino|isem=Kimberley|data=12 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tas-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tas-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-12|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-maestro-aurelio-belli-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima|titlu=Tislima lill-Maestro Aurelio Belli: “Mela s-silenzju b’ħajja ta’ noti”|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=18 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Desmond Morris]], 98, etoloġista Ingliż li għex f'Malta (1968–1974) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/desmond-morris-famous-zoologist-author-painter-malta-past-dies-98.1127264|titlu=Desmond Morris, famous zoologist, author and painter with Malta past, dies at 98|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-04-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-21}}</ref> * 24: [[Mary Grech]], 88, attriċi u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-actress-mary-grech-dies-aged-88.1127413|titlu=Veteran actress Mary Grech dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-24|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-attrici-u-prezentatrici-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-attriċi u preżentatriċi Mary Grech|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=24 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-eks-prezentattrici-televiziva-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-eks preżentattriċi televiżiva Mary Grech|kunjom=Attard|isem=Francesca|data=2026-04-24|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/24/tmut-mary-grech-pijufniera-tax-xandir-u-fost-l-ewwel-ucuh-tat-televizjoni-maltija/|titlu=Tmut Mary Grech, attriċi, pijuniera tax-xandir u fost l-ewwel uċuħ tat-televiżjoni Maltija|kunjom=Abdilla|isem=Raymond|data=2026-04-24|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref> == Mejju == * 1: [[Dolindo Cassar]], 83, xandar u eks-president tas-[[Soċjetà Filarmonika La Stella]] u tat-[[Teatru Astra]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/tislima-lil-dolindo-cassar-li-ghadda-ghall-hajja-ta-dejjem-figura-li-halliet-marka-kbira-fil-kultura-ghawdxija/|titlu=Tislima Lil Dolindo Cassar Li Għadda Għall-Ħajja Ta’ Dejjem - Figura Li Ħalliet Marka Kbira Fil-Kultura Għawdxija|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-05-05|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.stgeorge.org.mt/events/funeral-of-dolindo-cassar/|titlu=Funeral of DOLINDO CASSAR|data=2026-05-03|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-dolindo-cassar.1129615|titlu=Appreciation: Dolindo Cassar|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Charles|data=2026-06-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Noel Galea Bason]], 71, skultur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/15/imut-l-artist-noel-galea-bason/|titlu=Imut l-artist Noel Galea Bason|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/artist-noel-galea-bason-dies-aged-71.1128464|titlu=Artist Noel Galea Bason dies aged 71|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-05-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-noel-galea-bason-furjaniz-moghni-btalenti-artistici-varji/|titlu=Imut Noel Galea Bason, Furjaniż mogħni b’talenti artistiċi varji|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=15 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Norbert Ellul Vincenti]], 88, patri Franġiskan, għalliem u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/19/imut-p-norbert-ellul-vincenti-ofm/|titlu=Imut P. Norbert Ellul Vincenti OFM|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-19|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-patri-norbert-ellul-vincenti/|titlu=Imut Patri Norbert Ellul Vincenti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=19 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 26: [[Benny Muscat]], 86, sid ta' diversi ristorant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/goodbye-nonno-renowned-restaurateur-benny-muscat-dies.1129052|titlu='Goodbye Nonno' – renowned restaurateur Benny Muscat dies|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-05-26|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-benny-muscat-il-qalb-wara-ta-marija-palazzo-pescatore-u-trattoria-del-nonno/|titlu=Imut Benny Muscat, il-qalb wara Ta’ Marija, Palazzo Pescatore u Trattoria del Nonno|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=26 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/benny-muscat-26-05-2026|titlu=Benny Muscat - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-28}}</ref> * 28: [[Rose Riolo]], 90, attriċi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-eks-attrici-rose-riolo/|titlu=Tmut l-eks attriċi Rose Riolo|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=28 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-29-2026.1129195|titlu=Announcements – May 29, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> * 28: [[Ray Ghigo Laferla]], ??, imprenditur u DJ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ray-ghigo-laferla-eks-dj-tal-griffin-u-fundatur-tal-ghigos-disco/|titlu=Imut Ray Ghigo Laferla, eks DJ tal-Griffin u fundatur tal-Ghigos Disco|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=29 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ġunju == * 4: [[Jonathan Cardona]], 47, eks-CEO tal-[[Enemalta]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-enemalta-ceo-residency-malta-head-jonathan-cardona-dies.1129476|titlu=Former Enemalta CEO, Residency Malta head Jonathan Cardona dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-kap-ezekuttiv-tal-enemalta-u-residenza-malta-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Kap Eżekuttiv tal-Enemalta u Residenza Malta Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142318/former_joseph_muscat_aide_jonathan_cardona_passes_away_|titlu=Former Joseph Muscat aide Jonathan Cardona passes away|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Karl|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-kap-tal-enemalta-u-tal-programm-tac-cittadinanza-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Imut l-eks kap tal-Enemalta u tal-programm taċ-ċittadinanza Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ara-il-pm-jinhasad-bil-mewt-ta-jonathan-cardona-waqt-il-gurament-tal-hatra-tal-membri-tal-kabinett/|titlu=ARA: il-PM jinħasad bil-mewt ta' Jonathan Cardona waqt il-ġurament tal-ħatra tal-membri tal-Kabinett|data=2026-06-04|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-04/local-news/CEO-of-Residency-Malta-Agency-Jonathan-Cardona-dies-6736290235|titlu=CEO of Residency Malta Agency, Jonathan Cardona, passes away - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref> * 5: [[Olivia Dow]]: ??, żeffiena u għalliema tal-ballet <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/renowned-ballet-teacher-olivia-dow-dies.1129558|titlu=Renowned ballet teacher Olivia Dow dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-olivia-dow.1129901|titlu=Appreciation: Olivia Dow|kunjom=Chetcuti|isem=Kristina|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 8: [[Antonio Briguglio]], 91, referee tal-futbol <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/sport/imut-l-ex-referee-internazzjonali-tonio-briguglio/|titlu=Imut l-ex-referee internazzjonali Tonio Briguglio|kunjom=Cossai|isem=Peter|data=2026-06-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/sports/football/142408/former_referee_antonio_briguglio_dies_|titlu=Former referee Antonio Briguglio dies|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/06/08/maltese-legendary-referee-tonio-briguglio-dies-aged-91/|titlu=Maltese legendary referee Tonio Briguglio dies, aged 91|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Valhmor|data=2026-06-08|sit=SportsDesk|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Josephine Xuereb]], ??, attivita u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-pn-election-candidate-dies.1129912|titlu=Former PN election candidate dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/14/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-josephine-xuereb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Josephine Xuereb|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-14/local-news/Former-PN-candidate-Josephine-Xuereb-dies-6736290504|titlu=Former PN candidate Josephine Xuereb dies|data=14 Ġunju 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/17/josephine-xuereb-kienet-mara-li-uzat-it-talenti-taghha-biex-tkattar-il-gid/|titlu="Josephine Xuereb kienet mara li użat it-talenti tagħha biex tkattar il-ġid"|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-06-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 18: [[Helen Borg]], ??, eks President tal-Kunsill tal-Iskola għat-Tagħlim Tul il-Ħajja u eks Kap tal-Iskola Vincenzo Borg Brared, marda tal-Parkinson's <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/riptmut-helen-borg-eks-president-tal-kunsill-tal-iskola-ghat-taghlim-tul-il-hajja-u-eks-headteacher-ta-birkirkara/|titlu=Tmut Helen Borg, Eks President Tal-Kunsill Tal-Iskola Għat-Tagħlim Tul Il-Ħajja U Eks Headteacher Ta’ Birkirkara|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-06-19|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 21: [[Żeppi l-Ħafi|Joseph Fenech]], 71, kriminal magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-fenech-known-zeppi-lhafi-dies-aged-71.1130234|titlu=Joseph Fenech, known as Żeppi l-Ħafi, dies aged 71|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhal-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech, magħruf bħal Żeppi l-Ħafi|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=21 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhala-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi|data=2026-06-21|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 22: [[Paul Fenech (kunsilleri)|Paul Fenech]], 79, kunsillier tas-Swieqi, artist u kowċ tal-basketball <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-swieqi-councillor-artist-basketball-coach-paul-fenech-dies.1130293|titlu=Former Swieqi councillor, artist and basketball coach, Paul Fenech dies aged 79|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-06-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/22/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-paul-fenech-li-serva-ghal-snin-twal-bhala-kunsillier-lokali-tal-pn-fi-swieqi/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta' Paul Fenech li serva għal snin twal bħala kunsillier lokali tal-PN fi Swieqi|kunjom=Borg|isem=Maria|data=2026-06-22|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/paul-fenech-22-06-2026|titlu=Paul Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-25}}</ref> * 29: [[Antoinette Miggiani]], 88, sopran u għalliema tal-kant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Ara aktar == * [[:Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] - tinkludi ħoloq għal artikli fil-Wikipedija dwar nies li mietu fl-2026 == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Imwiet f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026|*]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mwiet bis-sena]] 0jnesr5p91s26pgccj59igmztwbuen9 330807 330795 2026-06-29T22:12:41Z ToniSant 4257 /* Ġunju */ +ref 330807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Din hija lista ta' nies notevoli Maltin li mietu fl-2026.''' F'din il-lista jidhru biss ismijiet ta' nies li l-mewt tagħhom hija kkonfermata peremezz ta' rapport/i minn sorsi verifikabbli. Żidiet bla referenza għal sors verifikabbli jitneħħew minn hawn u jitpoġġew fil-[[Diskussjoni:Nies Maltin li mietu fl-2026|paġna ta' diskussjoni]] sakemm jiġu verifikati sew. Dwar kull persuna jinġabru biss dawn id-dettalji hawn: * Data: Isem u Kunjom, età (jew "??" meta din mhux magħrufa), għal xiex inhi magħrufa l-persuna, kawża tal-mewt (m'għandu jiddaħħal xejn meta mhux magħrufa uffiċjalment) - tagħrif ieħor f'każ ta' persuna li mhux inkluża f'Wikidata (eż. data tat-twelid), referenzi (għandu jkun hemm aktar minn waħda f'każ ta' nies aktar notevoli) '''''Nota:''' id-data tal-mewt m'għandix tkun dik ta' meta tħabbret imma ta' meta seħħet.'' ---- == Jannar == * 2: [[Tony Carr]], 98, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949|titlu=Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-01-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-perkussjonist-tony-carr-george-caruana-jmut-fl-eta-ta-98-sena/|titlu=Il-perkussjonist Tony Carr (George Caruana) jmut fl-età ta’ 98 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/01/02/tony-carr-passes-away/|titlu=Renowned Maltese drummer, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/138938/maltese_jazz_great_tony_carr_dies_aged_98|titlu=Maltese jazz great Tony Carr dies aged 98|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-02/local-news/Maltese-jazz-legend-Tony-Carr-passes-away-aged-98-6736286044|titlu=Maltese jazz legend, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-malti-tony-carr/|titlu=Imut ta' 98 sena d-drummer Malti Tony Carr|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-famuz-malti-tony-carr-li-daqq-mal-akbar-stilel-muzikali/|titlu=Imut ta’ 98 sena d-drummer famuż Malti Tony Carr li daqq mal-akbar stilel mużikali|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.melodija.eu/post/tony-carr-george-caruana-maltese-jazz-pioneer-dies-at-98|titlu=Tony Carr (George Caruana): Maltese Jazz Pioneer Dies at 98|kunjom=Mifsud|isem=Noel|data=2026-01-05|sit=Melodija|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/fond-tribute-on-death-of-drummer-who-played-with-the-greats-5465983|titlu=Fond tribute on death of drummer who played with the greats|kunjom=Hewitt|isem=Phil|data=2026-01-10|sit=SussexWorld|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-10}}</ref> * 5: [[George Spiteri]], 90, mużiċist u l-ewwel leader tal-[[Orkestra Filarmonika ta' Malta]] (twieled: 20 ta’ Lulju 1935) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-6-2026.1122080|titlu=Announcements − January 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-george-spiteri-l-ewwel-leader-tal-orkestra-filarmonika-ta-malta/|titlu=Imut George Spiteri, l-ewwel leader tal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1540894257190704/?t=49|titlu=MPO: Protagonisti - George Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Joe Julian|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/a-real-gentleman-good-musician-violinist-george-spiteri-dies-aged-90.1122103|titlu='A real gentleman': trailblazing violinist George Spiteri dies at 90|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref> * 6: [[Thomas Farrell]], 89, għalliem u l-ewwel sindku ta' Ħaż Żabbar <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/thomas-farrell-first-mayor-zabbar-dies-aged-89.1122141|titlu=Thomas Farrell, first mayor of Żabbar, dies aged 89|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-07}}</ref> * 14: [[Paul Chetcuti Caruana]], 77, tabib u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-deputat-laburista-t-tabib-paul-chetcuti-caruana/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Deputat Laburista t-Tabib Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=14 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana-dies.1122497|titlu=Mosta doctor Paul Chetcuti Caruana, targeted by 1977 letter bomb, dies aged 77|kunjom=Calleja|isem=Claudia|data=2026-01-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-14/local-news/Paul-Chetcuti-Caruana-who-survived-letter-bomb-attempt-in-1977-dies-6736286334|titlu=Paul Chetcuti Caruana, who survived letter-bomb attempt in 1977, dies - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/parliament-pays-tribute-mosta-doctor-pl-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana.1123482|titlu=Parliament pays tribute to Mosta doctor and PL MP Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-02-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-02}}</ref> * 20: [[Matthew Wismayer]], 53, fundatur ta' Schools for Africa (Malta) Foundation <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/matthew-wismayer-schools-africa-foundation-entrepreneur-dies.1122791|titlu=Matthew Wismayer, who turned a cancer diagnosis into inspiration, dies aged 53|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-01-20|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-matthew-wismayer-il-mohh-wara-progett-biex-jigu-meghjuna-tfal-fl-afrika/|titlu=Imut Matthew Wismayer, il-moħħ wara proġett biex jiġu megħjuna tfal fl-Afrika|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/malta/founder-of-prince-princess-malta-matthew-wismayer-passes-away/|titlu=Founder Of 'Prince & Princess Malta' Matthew Wismayer Passes Away|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Rebecca Scalvini|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/matthew-wismayer-passes-away-aged-53|titlu=Maltese Entrepreneur Matthew Wismayer passes away at 53|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-21-2026.1122811|titlu=Announcements – January 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> * 20: [[George Callus]], 88, ko-fundatur tal-Comtec (twieled: 8 ta' Settembru 1937) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/comtec-co-founder-george-callus-has-passed-away|titlu=Comtec Co-Founder George Callus has passed away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ir-ragel-ta-amy-callus-orlando-mrs-axiak-ta-simpatici/|titlu=Imut ir-raġel ta’ Amy Callus Orlando, Mrs Axiak ta’ Simpatiċi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/nimmissjak-immens-ghaziz-l-attrici-amy-callus-thabbar-it-telfa-ta-zewgha-george/|titlu="Nimmissjak Immens, Għażiż" - L-Attriċi Amy Callus Tħabbar It-Telfa Ta' Żewġha George|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-01-22|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-23-2026.1122923|titlu=Announcements – January 23, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Frar == * 4: [[Alfred Abela]], 80, eks-assistent kummissarju tal-pulizija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-assistent-kummissarju-tal-pulizija-alfred-abela/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Assistent Kummissarju tal-Pulizija Alfred Abela|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 5: [[Philip Farrugia Randon]], 76, avukat u kittieb li ħoloq il-karattru ta' Puttinu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dedicated-patriot-philip-farrugia-randon-dies.1123612|titlu='Dedicated patriot' Philip Farrugia Randon dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-6-2026.1123652|titlu=Announcements − February 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-dr-philip-farrugia-randon-avukat-u-awtur-li-holoq-il-karattru-puttinu/|titlu=Imut Dr Philip Farrugia Randon, avukat u awtur li ħoloq il-karattru Puttinu|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-02-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-philip-farrugia-randon.1124083|titlu=Appreciation: Philip Farrugia Randon|kunjom=De Bono|isem=Anthony|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 5: [[Helen Micallef]], 75, kantanta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/helen-micallef-eurovision-1972-singer-dies-aged-75.1123643|titlu=Helen Micallef, Eurovision 1972 singer, dies aged 75|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-helen-micallef-l-ewwel-maltija-fil-eurovision/|titlu=Tmut Helen Micallef, l-ewwel kantanta Maltija fil-Eurovision|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=5 Frar 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/139589/veteran_singer_helen_micallef_dies_aged_75|titlu=Veteran singer Helen Micallef dies aged 75|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/helen-micallef-tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-ghada-s-sibt/|titlu=Helen Micallef tingħata l-aħħar tislima għada s-Sibt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-05/local-news/Helen-Micallef-first-Maltese-woman-at-Eurovision-dies-at-75-6736286990|titlu=Helen Micallef, first Maltese woman at Eurovision, dies at 75 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/iccelebrata-l-hajja-tal-kantanta-helen-micallef/|titlu=Iċċelebrata l-ħajja tal-kantanta Helen Micallef|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Anton|data=7 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 8: [[Paul Aquilina]], 94, Ġiżwita Malti bbażat fl-Indja <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-fr-paul-aquilina-l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja/|titlu=Imut Fr Paul Aquilina – l-aħħar Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja-jkanta-l-ghanjiet-tal-milied/|titlu=L-aħħar Patri Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja jkanta l-Għanjiet tal-Milied|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=25 Diċembru 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mort-l-indja-biex-narah-jordna-sacerdot-u-kantajt-bil-malti-waqt-il-funeral-ta-fr-aquilina/|titlu=“Mort l-Indja nara żagħżugħ jiġi ordnat qassis, u spiċċajt inkanta bil-Malti fil-funeral ta’ Fr Aquilina”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-15-2026.1124084|titlu=Announcements – February 15, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 10: [[Lina Brockdorff|Lina Brockdorff,]] 95, kittieba <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/awardwinning-writer-lina-brockdorff-dies-aged-96.1123850|titlu=Novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-02-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-awtrici-lina-brockdorff-fl-eta-ta-95-sena/|titlu=Tmut l-awtriċi Lina Brockdorff fl-età ta' 95 sena|data=2026-02-10|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tax-xandara-u-l-kittieba-lina-brockdorff/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tax-xandara u l-kittieba Lina Brockdorff|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-10/local-news/Maltese-novelist-and-playwright-Lina-Brockdorff-dies-aged-95-6736287109|titlu=Maltese novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref> * 10: [[Achille Cauchi]], 86, monsinjur Għawdxi, ħu l-Isqof [[Nikol Cauchi]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-monsinjur-achille-cauchi/|titlu=Imut Monsinjur Achille Cauchi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/mons-achille-cauchi-10-02-2026|titlu=Mons. Achille Cauchi - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Laurence Grech]], 77, ġurnalist u eks-editur tas-Sunday Times of Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-times-malta-editor-laurence-grech-dies-aged-77.1124107|titlu=Former Times of Malta editor Laurence Grech dies, aged 77|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-laurence-grech-il-ggant-tal-gurnalizmu-l-eks-editur-tat-times-of-malta/|titlu=Imut Laurence Grech, “il-ġgant tal-ġurnaliżmu”, l-eks-editur tat-Times of Malta|data=15 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-16-2026.1124125|titlu=Announcements – February 16, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/laurence-grech-15-02-2026|titlu=Laurence Grech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Esmeralda Galea Camilleri]], 37, mużiċista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tal-muzicista-brava-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=Ħafna Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tal-Mużiċista Brava Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-02-16|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/kont-titpaxxa-tismaghha-tmut-il-muzicista-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=“Kont titpaxxa tismagħha” – tmut il-mużiċista Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Mario Bonnici]], 76, kantant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-kanzunetta-li-kont-iddedikaktli-se-tibqa-fqalbi-imut-il-kantant-mario-bonnici/|titlu=“Il-kanzunetta li kont iddedikajtli se tibqa’ f’qalbi” – imut il-kantant Mario Bonnici|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 18: [[Julian Attard]], 44, amministratur tal-futbol ma' [[Marsaxlokk FC]] u [[Floriana FC]] (twieled fis-27 ta' Novembru 1981) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/02/18/former-marsaxlokk-and-floriana-fc-administrator-julian-attard-dies/|titlu=Former Marsaxlokk and Floriana FC administrator Julian Attard dies|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gianluca|data=2026-02-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/hallejtna-kmieni-wisq-habib-imut-julian-attard-tat-tim-tal-futbol-ta-marsaxlokk/|titlu=“Ħallejtna kmieni wisq ħabib” – imut Julian Attard, tat-tim tal-futbol ta’ Marsaxlokk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 23: [[Manuel Casha]], 81, mużiċist, kittieb, u folklorista <ref> {{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-muzicist-manuel-casha-fl-awstralja/ |sit=ONEnews|data=24 Frar 2026|isem=Josef|kunjom=Caruana|lingwa=mt|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u mużiċist Manuel Casha fl-Awstralja}}</ref> * 28: [[Mario Buhagiar]], 81 professur tal-istorja tal-arti <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/mario-buhagiar-founder-art-history-department-dies-aged-81.1124795|titlu=Mario Buhagiar, founder of art history department dies aged 81|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-03-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/03/02/prof-mario-buhagiar/|titlu=Founder of the arts History Department – Professor Mario Buhagiar passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2 Marzu 2026|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Marzu == * 8: [[Joseph Gatt (Caritas)|Joseph Gatt]], 81, pijunier fir-riabilitazzjoni tad-drogati f'Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-gatt-drug-rehabilitation-pioneer-dies-aged-81.1125168|titlu=Joseph Gatt, drug rehabilitation pioneer, dies aged 81|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/segwi-meta-konna-fl-infern-habba-d-droga-joe-kien-anglu-kustodju/|titlu=Segwi: “Meta konna fl-infern ħabba d-droga Joe kien anġlu kustodju”|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=9 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 13: [[Luciano Bonello Bianco]], 72, propjetarju ta' Luciano Restaurant <ref>{{Ċita web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-march-15-2026.1125478 |titlu=Announcements|sit=Times of Malta|data-aċċess=2026-03-15}}</ref> * 21: [[Charles Micallef St John]], 81, kittieb u eks-kunsillier tal-Gżira <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-awtur-charles-micallef-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St John|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=21 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/21/imut-l-awtur-chaf-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St. John|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-03-21|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 22: [[Calvin Brincat]], 32, parteċipant fil-programm tat-television ''Hazzzard'', kanċer <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-calvin-brincat-li-ggieled-2-tipi-ta-kancer-u-kien-ippartecipa-fhazzzard/|titlu=Imut Calvin Brincat li ġġieled 2 tipi ta' kanċer u kien ipparteċipa f'HazZzard|data=2026-03-23|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-iz-zaghzugh-calvin-brincat-ta-hazzzard/|titlu=Imut iż-żagħżugħ Calvin Brincat ta’ HazZzard|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=23 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-paid-truly-sensitive-soul-cancer-patient-calvin-brincat.1125893|titlu=Tributes paid to 'truly sensitive soul', cancer victim Calvin Brincat|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 29: [[Elio Lombardi]], 92, kittieb u direttur tal-films <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/prolific-filmmaker-author-elio-lombardi-dies-aged-92.1126197|titlu=Prolific film-maker, author Elio Lombardi dies aged 92|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-03-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-awtur-tal-kotba-u-direttur-tal-films-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Imut l-awtur tal-kotba u direttur tal-films Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-03-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/29/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Elio Lombardi fl-età ta' 92 sena|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-03-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-attur-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u attur Elio Lombardi fl-età ta’ 92 Sena|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-elio-lombardi-figura-prominenti-fil-films-u-l-letteratura-maltija/|titlu=Imut Elio Lombardi, figura prominenti fil-films u l-letteratura Maltija|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-03-29/local-news/Maltese-author-and-film-director-Elio-Lombardi-dies-aged-92-6736288379|titlu=Maltese author and film director Elio Lombardi dies aged 92 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbar-meta-se-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Tħabbar meta se jingħata l-aħħar tislima Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=1 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-elio-dejjem-gharaf-li-kien-mimli-doni-minn-alla/|titlu=Ara: “Elio dejjem għaraf li kien mimli doni minn Alla”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=8 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-lil-elio-lombardi-ikona-fid-drama-maltija/|titlu=Tingħata l-aħħar tislima lil Elio Lombardi … ikona fid-drama Maltija|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Enrique|data=8 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == April == * 2: [[Edmond Zarb]], 81, kittieb u mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/02/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-muzicist-u-awtur-edmond-zarb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-mużiċist u awtur Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-02|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tajt-kontribut-lill-kultura-maltija-imut-l-awtur-u-pjanist-edmond-zarb|titlu=“Tajt kontribut lill-kultura Maltija” – imut l-awtur u pjanist Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 6: [[Graziella Castillo]], 47, direttur tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/graziella-castillo-director-agenzija-appogg-dies-aged-47.1126547|titlu=Graziella Castillo, director of Agenzija Appoġġ, dies aged 47|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-graziella-castillo-direttrici-tal-agenzija-appogg/|titlu=Tmut Graziella Castillo – Direttriċi tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ|data=6 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 11: [[Colin Willis]], 81, eks-kummissajru Awstraljan għal Malta u attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-13/local-news/Well-known-actor-Colin-Willis-passes-away-aged-81-6736288759|titlu=Well-known actor Colin Willis passes away aged 81 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-13}}</ref> * 12: [[Aurelio Belli]], 49, mużiċist u arranġatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/musician-mpo-manager-aurelio-belli-dies-aged-49.1126829|titlu=Musician and MPO manager Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-04-12|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2026/04/malta-mourns-maestro-49/|titlu=Malta mourns maestro, 49|kunjom=lebrecht|isem=Norman|data=12 April 2026|sit=Slipped Disc|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-12/local-news/Maestro-Aurelio-Belli-dies-aged-49-6736288731|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/140933/maestro_aurelio_belli_dies_at_49_|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies at 49|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=12 April 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-il-maestro-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut il-Maestro Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=12 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-is-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut is-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-12|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-maestro-aurelio-belli-fl-eta-ta-49-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Maestro Aurelio Belli fl-età ta’ 49 sena|kunjom=Sacco Baldacchino|isem=Kimberley|data=12 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tas-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tas-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-12|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-maestro-aurelio-belli-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima|titlu=Tislima lill-Maestro Aurelio Belli: “Mela s-silenzju b’ħajja ta’ noti”|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=18 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Desmond Morris]], 98, etoloġista Ingliż li għex f'Malta (1968–1974) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/desmond-morris-famous-zoologist-author-painter-malta-past-dies-98.1127264|titlu=Desmond Morris, famous zoologist, author and painter with Malta past, dies at 98|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-04-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-21}}</ref> * 24: [[Mary Grech]], 88, attriċi u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-actress-mary-grech-dies-aged-88.1127413|titlu=Veteran actress Mary Grech dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-24|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-attrici-u-prezentatrici-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-attriċi u preżentatriċi Mary Grech|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=24 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-eks-prezentattrici-televiziva-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-eks preżentattriċi televiżiva Mary Grech|kunjom=Attard|isem=Francesca|data=2026-04-24|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/24/tmut-mary-grech-pijufniera-tax-xandir-u-fost-l-ewwel-ucuh-tat-televizjoni-maltija/|titlu=Tmut Mary Grech, attriċi, pijuniera tax-xandir u fost l-ewwel uċuħ tat-televiżjoni Maltija|kunjom=Abdilla|isem=Raymond|data=2026-04-24|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref> == Mejju == * 1: [[Dolindo Cassar]], 83, xandar u eks-president tas-[[Soċjetà Filarmonika La Stella]] u tat-[[Teatru Astra]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/tislima-lil-dolindo-cassar-li-ghadda-ghall-hajja-ta-dejjem-figura-li-halliet-marka-kbira-fil-kultura-ghawdxija/|titlu=Tislima Lil Dolindo Cassar Li Għadda Għall-Ħajja Ta’ Dejjem - Figura Li Ħalliet Marka Kbira Fil-Kultura Għawdxija|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-05-05|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.stgeorge.org.mt/events/funeral-of-dolindo-cassar/|titlu=Funeral of DOLINDO CASSAR|data=2026-05-03|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-dolindo-cassar.1129615|titlu=Appreciation: Dolindo Cassar|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Charles|data=2026-06-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Noel Galea Bason]], 71, skultur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/15/imut-l-artist-noel-galea-bason/|titlu=Imut l-artist Noel Galea Bason|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/artist-noel-galea-bason-dies-aged-71.1128464|titlu=Artist Noel Galea Bason dies aged 71|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-05-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-noel-galea-bason-furjaniz-moghni-btalenti-artistici-varji/|titlu=Imut Noel Galea Bason, Furjaniż mogħni b’talenti artistiċi varji|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=15 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Norbert Ellul Vincenti]], 88, patri Franġiskan, għalliem u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/19/imut-p-norbert-ellul-vincenti-ofm/|titlu=Imut P. Norbert Ellul Vincenti OFM|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-19|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-patri-norbert-ellul-vincenti/|titlu=Imut Patri Norbert Ellul Vincenti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=19 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 26: [[Benny Muscat]], 86, sid ta' diversi ristorant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/goodbye-nonno-renowned-restaurateur-benny-muscat-dies.1129052|titlu='Goodbye Nonno' – renowned restaurateur Benny Muscat dies|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-05-26|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-benny-muscat-il-qalb-wara-ta-marija-palazzo-pescatore-u-trattoria-del-nonno/|titlu=Imut Benny Muscat, il-qalb wara Ta’ Marija, Palazzo Pescatore u Trattoria del Nonno|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=26 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/benny-muscat-26-05-2026|titlu=Benny Muscat - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-28}}</ref> * 28: [[Rose Riolo]], 90, attriċi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-eks-attrici-rose-riolo/|titlu=Tmut l-eks attriċi Rose Riolo|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=28 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-29-2026.1129195|titlu=Announcements – May 29, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> * 28: [[Ray Ghigo Laferla]], ??, imprenditur u DJ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ray-ghigo-laferla-eks-dj-tal-griffin-u-fundatur-tal-ghigos-disco/|titlu=Imut Ray Ghigo Laferla, eks DJ tal-Griffin u fundatur tal-Ghigos Disco|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=29 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ġunju == * 4: [[Jonathan Cardona]], 47, eks-CEO tal-[[Enemalta]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-enemalta-ceo-residency-malta-head-jonathan-cardona-dies.1129476|titlu=Former Enemalta CEO, Residency Malta head Jonathan Cardona dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-kap-ezekuttiv-tal-enemalta-u-residenza-malta-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Kap Eżekuttiv tal-Enemalta u Residenza Malta Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142318/former_joseph_muscat_aide_jonathan_cardona_passes_away_|titlu=Former Joseph Muscat aide Jonathan Cardona passes away|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Karl|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-kap-tal-enemalta-u-tal-programm-tac-cittadinanza-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Imut l-eks kap tal-Enemalta u tal-programm taċ-ċittadinanza Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ara-il-pm-jinhasad-bil-mewt-ta-jonathan-cardona-waqt-il-gurament-tal-hatra-tal-membri-tal-kabinett/|titlu=ARA: il-PM jinħasad bil-mewt ta' Jonathan Cardona waqt il-ġurament tal-ħatra tal-membri tal-Kabinett|data=2026-06-04|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-04/local-news/CEO-of-Residency-Malta-Agency-Jonathan-Cardona-dies-6736290235|titlu=CEO of Residency Malta Agency, Jonathan Cardona, passes away - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref> * 5: [[Olivia Dow]]: ??, żeffiena u għalliema tal-ballet <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/renowned-ballet-teacher-olivia-dow-dies.1129558|titlu=Renowned ballet teacher Olivia Dow dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-olivia-dow.1129901|titlu=Appreciation: Olivia Dow|kunjom=Chetcuti|isem=Kristina|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 8: [[Antonio Briguglio]], 91, referee tal-futbol <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/sport/imut-l-ex-referee-internazzjonali-tonio-briguglio/|titlu=Imut l-ex-referee internazzjonali Tonio Briguglio|kunjom=Cossai|isem=Peter|data=2026-06-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/sports/football/142408/former_referee_antonio_briguglio_dies_|titlu=Former referee Antonio Briguglio dies|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/06/08/maltese-legendary-referee-tonio-briguglio-dies-aged-91/|titlu=Maltese legendary referee Tonio Briguglio dies, aged 91|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Valhmor|data=2026-06-08|sit=SportsDesk|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Josephine Xuereb]], ??, attivita u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-pn-election-candidate-dies.1129912|titlu=Former PN election candidate dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/14/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-josephine-xuereb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Josephine Xuereb|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-14/local-news/Former-PN-candidate-Josephine-Xuereb-dies-6736290504|titlu=Former PN candidate Josephine Xuereb dies|data=14 Ġunju 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/17/josephine-xuereb-kienet-mara-li-uzat-it-talenti-taghha-biex-tkattar-il-gid/|titlu="Josephine Xuereb kienet mara li użat it-talenti tagħha biex tkattar il-ġid"|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-06-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 18: [[Helen Borg]], ??, eks President tal-Kunsill tal-Iskola għat-Tagħlim Tul il-Ħajja u eks Kap tal-Iskola Vincenzo Borg Brared, marda tal-Parkinson's <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/riptmut-helen-borg-eks-president-tal-kunsill-tal-iskola-ghat-taghlim-tul-il-hajja-u-eks-headteacher-ta-birkirkara/|titlu=Tmut Helen Borg, Eks President Tal-Kunsill Tal-Iskola Għat-Tagħlim Tul Il-Ħajja U Eks Headteacher Ta’ Birkirkara|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-06-19|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 21: [[Żeppi l-Ħafi|Joseph Fenech]], 71, kriminal magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-fenech-known-zeppi-lhafi-dies-aged-71.1130234|titlu=Joseph Fenech, known as Żeppi l-Ħafi, dies aged 71|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhal-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech, magħruf bħal Żeppi l-Ħafi|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=21 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhala-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi|data=2026-06-21|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 22: [[Paul Fenech (kunsilleri)|Paul Fenech]], 79, kunsillier tas-Swieqi, artist u kowċ tal-basketball <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-swieqi-councillor-artist-basketball-coach-paul-fenech-dies.1130293|titlu=Former Swieqi councillor, artist and basketball coach, Paul Fenech dies aged 79|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-06-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/22/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-paul-fenech-li-serva-ghal-snin-twal-bhala-kunsillier-lokali-tal-pn-fi-swieqi/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta' Paul Fenech li serva għal snin twal bħala kunsillier lokali tal-PN fi Swieqi|kunjom=Borg|isem=Maria|data=2026-06-22|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/paul-fenech-22-06-2026|titlu=Paul Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-25}}</ref> * 29: [[Antoinette Miggiani]], 88, sopran u għalliema tal-kant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/antoinette-miggiani-soprano-teacher-dies-aged-88.1130669|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani, soprano, teacher dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> == Ara aktar == * [[:Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] - tinkludi ħoloq għal artikli fil-Wikipedija dwar nies li mietu fl-2026 == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Imwiet f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026|*]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mwiet bis-sena]] kretaiqiza0rnl43j0gj59k0jaxu5ma 330808 330807 2026-06-29T22:14:09Z ToniSant 4257 /* Ġunju */ +ref 330808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Din hija lista ta' nies notevoli Maltin li mietu fl-2026.''' F'din il-lista jidhru biss ismijiet ta' nies li l-mewt tagħhom hija kkonfermata peremezz ta' rapport/i minn sorsi verifikabbli. Żidiet bla referenza għal sors verifikabbli jitneħħew minn hawn u jitpoġġew fil-[[Diskussjoni:Nies Maltin li mietu fl-2026|paġna ta' diskussjoni]] sakemm jiġu verifikati sew. Dwar kull persuna jinġabru biss dawn id-dettalji hawn: * Data: Isem u Kunjom, età (jew "??" meta din mhux magħrufa), għal xiex inhi magħrufa l-persuna, kawża tal-mewt (m'għandu jiddaħħal xejn meta mhux magħrufa uffiċjalment) - tagħrif ieħor f'każ ta' persuna li mhux inkluża f'Wikidata (eż. data tat-twelid), referenzi (għandu jkun hemm aktar minn waħda f'każ ta' nies aktar notevoli) '''''Nota:''' id-data tal-mewt m'għandix tkun dik ta' meta tħabbret imma ta' meta seħħet.'' ---- == Jannar == * 2: [[Tony Carr]], 98, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949|titlu=Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-01-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-perkussjonist-tony-carr-george-caruana-jmut-fl-eta-ta-98-sena/|titlu=Il-perkussjonist Tony Carr (George Caruana) jmut fl-età ta’ 98 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/01/02/tony-carr-passes-away/|titlu=Renowned Maltese drummer, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/138938/maltese_jazz_great_tony_carr_dies_aged_98|titlu=Maltese jazz great Tony Carr dies aged 98|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-02/local-news/Maltese-jazz-legend-Tony-Carr-passes-away-aged-98-6736286044|titlu=Maltese jazz legend, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-malti-tony-carr/|titlu=Imut ta' 98 sena d-drummer Malti Tony Carr|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-famuz-malti-tony-carr-li-daqq-mal-akbar-stilel-muzikali/|titlu=Imut ta’ 98 sena d-drummer famuż Malti Tony Carr li daqq mal-akbar stilel mużikali|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.melodija.eu/post/tony-carr-george-caruana-maltese-jazz-pioneer-dies-at-98|titlu=Tony Carr (George Caruana): Maltese Jazz Pioneer Dies at 98|kunjom=Mifsud|isem=Noel|data=2026-01-05|sit=Melodija|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/fond-tribute-on-death-of-drummer-who-played-with-the-greats-5465983|titlu=Fond tribute on death of drummer who played with the greats|kunjom=Hewitt|isem=Phil|data=2026-01-10|sit=SussexWorld|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-10}}</ref> * 5: [[George Spiteri]], 90, mużiċist u l-ewwel leader tal-[[Orkestra Filarmonika ta' Malta]] (twieled: 20 ta’ Lulju 1935) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-6-2026.1122080|titlu=Announcements − January 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-george-spiteri-l-ewwel-leader-tal-orkestra-filarmonika-ta-malta/|titlu=Imut George Spiteri, l-ewwel leader tal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1540894257190704/?t=49|titlu=MPO: Protagonisti - George Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Joe Julian|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/a-real-gentleman-good-musician-violinist-george-spiteri-dies-aged-90.1122103|titlu='A real gentleman': trailblazing violinist George Spiteri dies at 90|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref> * 6: [[Thomas Farrell]], 89, għalliem u l-ewwel sindku ta' Ħaż Żabbar <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/thomas-farrell-first-mayor-zabbar-dies-aged-89.1122141|titlu=Thomas Farrell, first mayor of Żabbar, dies aged 89|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-07}}</ref> * 14: [[Paul Chetcuti Caruana]], 77, tabib u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-deputat-laburista-t-tabib-paul-chetcuti-caruana/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Deputat Laburista t-Tabib Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=14 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana-dies.1122497|titlu=Mosta doctor Paul Chetcuti Caruana, targeted by 1977 letter bomb, dies aged 77|kunjom=Calleja|isem=Claudia|data=2026-01-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-14/local-news/Paul-Chetcuti-Caruana-who-survived-letter-bomb-attempt-in-1977-dies-6736286334|titlu=Paul Chetcuti Caruana, who survived letter-bomb attempt in 1977, dies - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/parliament-pays-tribute-mosta-doctor-pl-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana.1123482|titlu=Parliament pays tribute to Mosta doctor and PL MP Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-02-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-02}}</ref> * 20: [[Matthew Wismayer]], 53, fundatur ta' Schools for Africa (Malta) Foundation <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/matthew-wismayer-schools-africa-foundation-entrepreneur-dies.1122791|titlu=Matthew Wismayer, who turned a cancer diagnosis into inspiration, dies aged 53|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-01-20|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-matthew-wismayer-il-mohh-wara-progett-biex-jigu-meghjuna-tfal-fl-afrika/|titlu=Imut Matthew Wismayer, il-moħħ wara proġett biex jiġu megħjuna tfal fl-Afrika|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/malta/founder-of-prince-princess-malta-matthew-wismayer-passes-away/|titlu=Founder Of 'Prince & Princess Malta' Matthew Wismayer Passes Away|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Rebecca Scalvini|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/matthew-wismayer-passes-away-aged-53|titlu=Maltese Entrepreneur Matthew Wismayer passes away at 53|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-21-2026.1122811|titlu=Announcements – January 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> * 20: [[George Callus]], 88, ko-fundatur tal-Comtec (twieled: 8 ta' Settembru 1937) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/comtec-co-founder-george-callus-has-passed-away|titlu=Comtec Co-Founder George Callus has passed away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ir-ragel-ta-amy-callus-orlando-mrs-axiak-ta-simpatici/|titlu=Imut ir-raġel ta’ Amy Callus Orlando, Mrs Axiak ta’ Simpatiċi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/nimmissjak-immens-ghaziz-l-attrici-amy-callus-thabbar-it-telfa-ta-zewgha-george/|titlu="Nimmissjak Immens, Għażiż" - L-Attriċi Amy Callus Tħabbar It-Telfa Ta' Żewġha George|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-01-22|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-23-2026.1122923|titlu=Announcements – January 23, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Frar == * 4: [[Alfred Abela]], 80, eks-assistent kummissarju tal-pulizija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-assistent-kummissarju-tal-pulizija-alfred-abela/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Assistent Kummissarju tal-Pulizija Alfred Abela|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 5: [[Philip Farrugia Randon]], 76, avukat u kittieb li ħoloq il-karattru ta' Puttinu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dedicated-patriot-philip-farrugia-randon-dies.1123612|titlu='Dedicated patriot' Philip Farrugia Randon dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-6-2026.1123652|titlu=Announcements − February 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-dr-philip-farrugia-randon-avukat-u-awtur-li-holoq-il-karattru-puttinu/|titlu=Imut Dr Philip Farrugia Randon, avukat u awtur li ħoloq il-karattru Puttinu|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-02-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-philip-farrugia-randon.1124083|titlu=Appreciation: Philip Farrugia Randon|kunjom=De Bono|isem=Anthony|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 5: [[Helen Micallef]], 75, kantanta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/helen-micallef-eurovision-1972-singer-dies-aged-75.1123643|titlu=Helen Micallef, Eurovision 1972 singer, dies aged 75|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-helen-micallef-l-ewwel-maltija-fil-eurovision/|titlu=Tmut Helen Micallef, l-ewwel kantanta Maltija fil-Eurovision|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=5 Frar 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/139589/veteran_singer_helen_micallef_dies_aged_75|titlu=Veteran singer Helen Micallef dies aged 75|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/helen-micallef-tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-ghada-s-sibt/|titlu=Helen Micallef tingħata l-aħħar tislima għada s-Sibt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-05/local-news/Helen-Micallef-first-Maltese-woman-at-Eurovision-dies-at-75-6736286990|titlu=Helen Micallef, first Maltese woman at Eurovision, dies at 75 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/iccelebrata-l-hajja-tal-kantanta-helen-micallef/|titlu=Iċċelebrata l-ħajja tal-kantanta Helen Micallef|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Anton|data=7 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 8: [[Paul Aquilina]], 94, Ġiżwita Malti bbażat fl-Indja <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-fr-paul-aquilina-l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja/|titlu=Imut Fr Paul Aquilina – l-aħħar Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja-jkanta-l-ghanjiet-tal-milied/|titlu=L-aħħar Patri Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja jkanta l-Għanjiet tal-Milied|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=25 Diċembru 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mort-l-indja-biex-narah-jordna-sacerdot-u-kantajt-bil-malti-waqt-il-funeral-ta-fr-aquilina/|titlu=“Mort l-Indja nara żagħżugħ jiġi ordnat qassis, u spiċċajt inkanta bil-Malti fil-funeral ta’ Fr Aquilina”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-15-2026.1124084|titlu=Announcements – February 15, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 10: [[Lina Brockdorff|Lina Brockdorff,]] 95, kittieba <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/awardwinning-writer-lina-brockdorff-dies-aged-96.1123850|titlu=Novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-02-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-awtrici-lina-brockdorff-fl-eta-ta-95-sena/|titlu=Tmut l-awtriċi Lina Brockdorff fl-età ta' 95 sena|data=2026-02-10|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tax-xandara-u-l-kittieba-lina-brockdorff/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tax-xandara u l-kittieba Lina Brockdorff|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-10/local-news/Maltese-novelist-and-playwright-Lina-Brockdorff-dies-aged-95-6736287109|titlu=Maltese novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref> * 10: [[Achille Cauchi]], 86, monsinjur Għawdxi, ħu l-Isqof [[Nikol Cauchi]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-monsinjur-achille-cauchi/|titlu=Imut Monsinjur Achille Cauchi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/mons-achille-cauchi-10-02-2026|titlu=Mons. Achille Cauchi - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Laurence Grech]], 77, ġurnalist u eks-editur tas-Sunday Times of Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-times-malta-editor-laurence-grech-dies-aged-77.1124107|titlu=Former Times of Malta editor Laurence Grech dies, aged 77|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-laurence-grech-il-ggant-tal-gurnalizmu-l-eks-editur-tat-times-of-malta/|titlu=Imut Laurence Grech, “il-ġgant tal-ġurnaliżmu”, l-eks-editur tat-Times of Malta|data=15 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-16-2026.1124125|titlu=Announcements – February 16, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/laurence-grech-15-02-2026|titlu=Laurence Grech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Esmeralda Galea Camilleri]], 37, mużiċista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tal-muzicista-brava-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=Ħafna Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tal-Mużiċista Brava Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-02-16|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/kont-titpaxxa-tismaghha-tmut-il-muzicista-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=“Kont titpaxxa tismagħha” – tmut il-mużiċista Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Mario Bonnici]], 76, kantant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-kanzunetta-li-kont-iddedikaktli-se-tibqa-fqalbi-imut-il-kantant-mario-bonnici/|titlu=“Il-kanzunetta li kont iddedikajtli se tibqa’ f’qalbi” – imut il-kantant Mario Bonnici|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 18: [[Julian Attard]], 44, amministratur tal-futbol ma' [[Marsaxlokk FC]] u [[Floriana FC]] (twieled fis-27 ta' Novembru 1981) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/02/18/former-marsaxlokk-and-floriana-fc-administrator-julian-attard-dies/|titlu=Former Marsaxlokk and Floriana FC administrator Julian Attard dies|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gianluca|data=2026-02-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/hallejtna-kmieni-wisq-habib-imut-julian-attard-tat-tim-tal-futbol-ta-marsaxlokk/|titlu=“Ħallejtna kmieni wisq ħabib” – imut Julian Attard, tat-tim tal-futbol ta’ Marsaxlokk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 23: [[Manuel Casha]], 81, mużiċist, kittieb, u folklorista <ref> {{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-muzicist-manuel-casha-fl-awstralja/ |sit=ONEnews|data=24 Frar 2026|isem=Josef|kunjom=Caruana|lingwa=mt|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u mużiċist Manuel Casha fl-Awstralja}}</ref> * 28: [[Mario Buhagiar]], 81 professur tal-istorja tal-arti <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/mario-buhagiar-founder-art-history-department-dies-aged-81.1124795|titlu=Mario Buhagiar, founder of art history department dies aged 81|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-03-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/03/02/prof-mario-buhagiar/|titlu=Founder of the arts History Department – Professor Mario Buhagiar passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2 Marzu 2026|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Marzu == * 8: [[Joseph Gatt (Caritas)|Joseph Gatt]], 81, pijunier fir-riabilitazzjoni tad-drogati f'Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-gatt-drug-rehabilitation-pioneer-dies-aged-81.1125168|titlu=Joseph Gatt, drug rehabilitation pioneer, dies aged 81|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/segwi-meta-konna-fl-infern-habba-d-droga-joe-kien-anglu-kustodju/|titlu=Segwi: “Meta konna fl-infern ħabba d-droga Joe kien anġlu kustodju”|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=9 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 13: [[Luciano Bonello Bianco]], 72, propjetarju ta' Luciano Restaurant <ref>{{Ċita web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-march-15-2026.1125478 |titlu=Announcements|sit=Times of Malta|data-aċċess=2026-03-15}}</ref> * 21: [[Charles Micallef St John]], 81, kittieb u eks-kunsillier tal-Gżira <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-awtur-charles-micallef-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St John|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=21 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/21/imut-l-awtur-chaf-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St. John|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-03-21|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 22: [[Calvin Brincat]], 32, parteċipant fil-programm tat-television ''Hazzzard'', kanċer <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-calvin-brincat-li-ggieled-2-tipi-ta-kancer-u-kien-ippartecipa-fhazzzard/|titlu=Imut Calvin Brincat li ġġieled 2 tipi ta' kanċer u kien ipparteċipa f'HazZzard|data=2026-03-23|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-iz-zaghzugh-calvin-brincat-ta-hazzzard/|titlu=Imut iż-żagħżugħ Calvin Brincat ta’ HazZzard|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=23 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-paid-truly-sensitive-soul-cancer-patient-calvin-brincat.1125893|titlu=Tributes paid to 'truly sensitive soul', cancer victim Calvin Brincat|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 29: [[Elio Lombardi]], 92, kittieb u direttur tal-films <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/prolific-filmmaker-author-elio-lombardi-dies-aged-92.1126197|titlu=Prolific film-maker, author Elio Lombardi dies aged 92|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-03-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-awtur-tal-kotba-u-direttur-tal-films-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Imut l-awtur tal-kotba u direttur tal-films Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-03-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/29/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Elio Lombardi fl-età ta' 92 sena|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-03-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-attur-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u attur Elio Lombardi fl-età ta’ 92 Sena|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-elio-lombardi-figura-prominenti-fil-films-u-l-letteratura-maltija/|titlu=Imut Elio Lombardi, figura prominenti fil-films u l-letteratura Maltija|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-03-29/local-news/Maltese-author-and-film-director-Elio-Lombardi-dies-aged-92-6736288379|titlu=Maltese author and film director Elio Lombardi dies aged 92 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbar-meta-se-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Tħabbar meta se jingħata l-aħħar tislima Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=1 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-elio-dejjem-gharaf-li-kien-mimli-doni-minn-alla/|titlu=Ara: “Elio dejjem għaraf li kien mimli doni minn Alla”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=8 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-lil-elio-lombardi-ikona-fid-drama-maltija/|titlu=Tingħata l-aħħar tislima lil Elio Lombardi … ikona fid-drama Maltija|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Enrique|data=8 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == April == * 2: [[Edmond Zarb]], 81, kittieb u mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/02/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-muzicist-u-awtur-edmond-zarb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-mużiċist u awtur Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-02|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tajt-kontribut-lill-kultura-maltija-imut-l-awtur-u-pjanist-edmond-zarb|titlu=“Tajt kontribut lill-kultura Maltija” – imut l-awtur u pjanist Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 6: [[Graziella Castillo]], 47, direttur tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/graziella-castillo-director-agenzija-appogg-dies-aged-47.1126547|titlu=Graziella Castillo, director of Agenzija Appoġġ, dies aged 47|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-graziella-castillo-direttrici-tal-agenzija-appogg/|titlu=Tmut Graziella Castillo – Direttriċi tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ|data=6 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 11: [[Colin Willis]], 81, eks-kummissajru Awstraljan għal Malta u attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-13/local-news/Well-known-actor-Colin-Willis-passes-away-aged-81-6736288759|titlu=Well-known actor Colin Willis passes away aged 81 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-13}}</ref> * 12: [[Aurelio Belli]], 49, mużiċist u arranġatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/musician-mpo-manager-aurelio-belli-dies-aged-49.1126829|titlu=Musician and MPO manager Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-04-12|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2026/04/malta-mourns-maestro-49/|titlu=Malta mourns maestro, 49|kunjom=lebrecht|isem=Norman|data=12 April 2026|sit=Slipped Disc|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-12/local-news/Maestro-Aurelio-Belli-dies-aged-49-6736288731|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/140933/maestro_aurelio_belli_dies_at_49_|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies at 49|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=12 April 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-il-maestro-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut il-Maestro Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=12 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-is-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut is-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-12|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-maestro-aurelio-belli-fl-eta-ta-49-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Maestro Aurelio Belli fl-età ta’ 49 sena|kunjom=Sacco Baldacchino|isem=Kimberley|data=12 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tas-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tas-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-12|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-maestro-aurelio-belli-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima|titlu=Tislima lill-Maestro Aurelio Belli: “Mela s-silenzju b’ħajja ta’ noti”|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=18 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Desmond Morris]], 98, etoloġista Ingliż li għex f'Malta (1968–1974) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/desmond-morris-famous-zoologist-author-painter-malta-past-dies-98.1127264|titlu=Desmond Morris, famous zoologist, author and painter with Malta past, dies at 98|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-04-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-21}}</ref> * 24: [[Mary Grech]], 88, attriċi u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-actress-mary-grech-dies-aged-88.1127413|titlu=Veteran actress Mary Grech dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-24|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-attrici-u-prezentatrici-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-attriċi u preżentatriċi Mary Grech|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=24 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-eks-prezentattrici-televiziva-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-eks preżentattriċi televiżiva Mary Grech|kunjom=Attard|isem=Francesca|data=2026-04-24|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/24/tmut-mary-grech-pijufniera-tax-xandir-u-fost-l-ewwel-ucuh-tat-televizjoni-maltija/|titlu=Tmut Mary Grech, attriċi, pijuniera tax-xandir u fost l-ewwel uċuħ tat-televiżjoni Maltija|kunjom=Abdilla|isem=Raymond|data=2026-04-24|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref> == Mejju == * 1: [[Dolindo Cassar]], 83, xandar u eks-president tas-[[Soċjetà Filarmonika La Stella]] u tat-[[Teatru Astra]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/tislima-lil-dolindo-cassar-li-ghadda-ghall-hajja-ta-dejjem-figura-li-halliet-marka-kbira-fil-kultura-ghawdxija/|titlu=Tislima Lil Dolindo Cassar Li Għadda Għall-Ħajja Ta’ Dejjem - Figura Li Ħalliet Marka Kbira Fil-Kultura Għawdxija|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-05-05|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.stgeorge.org.mt/events/funeral-of-dolindo-cassar/|titlu=Funeral of DOLINDO CASSAR|data=2026-05-03|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-dolindo-cassar.1129615|titlu=Appreciation: Dolindo Cassar|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Charles|data=2026-06-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Noel Galea Bason]], 71, skultur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/15/imut-l-artist-noel-galea-bason/|titlu=Imut l-artist Noel Galea Bason|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/artist-noel-galea-bason-dies-aged-71.1128464|titlu=Artist Noel Galea Bason dies aged 71|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-05-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-noel-galea-bason-furjaniz-moghni-btalenti-artistici-varji/|titlu=Imut Noel Galea Bason, Furjaniż mogħni b’talenti artistiċi varji|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=15 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Norbert Ellul Vincenti]], 88, patri Franġiskan, għalliem u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/19/imut-p-norbert-ellul-vincenti-ofm/|titlu=Imut P. Norbert Ellul Vincenti OFM|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-19|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-patri-norbert-ellul-vincenti/|titlu=Imut Patri Norbert Ellul Vincenti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=19 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 26: [[Benny Muscat]], 86, sid ta' diversi ristorant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/goodbye-nonno-renowned-restaurateur-benny-muscat-dies.1129052|titlu='Goodbye Nonno' – renowned restaurateur Benny Muscat dies|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-05-26|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-benny-muscat-il-qalb-wara-ta-marija-palazzo-pescatore-u-trattoria-del-nonno/|titlu=Imut Benny Muscat, il-qalb wara Ta’ Marija, Palazzo Pescatore u Trattoria del Nonno|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=26 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/benny-muscat-26-05-2026|titlu=Benny Muscat - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-28}}</ref> * 28: [[Rose Riolo]], 90, attriċi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-eks-attrici-rose-riolo/|titlu=Tmut l-eks attriċi Rose Riolo|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=28 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-29-2026.1129195|titlu=Announcements – May 29, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> * 28: [[Ray Ghigo Laferla]], ??, imprenditur u DJ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ray-ghigo-laferla-eks-dj-tal-griffin-u-fundatur-tal-ghigos-disco/|titlu=Imut Ray Ghigo Laferla, eks DJ tal-Griffin u fundatur tal-Ghigos Disco|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=29 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ġunju == * 4: [[Jonathan Cardona]], 47, eks-CEO tal-[[Enemalta]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-enemalta-ceo-residency-malta-head-jonathan-cardona-dies.1129476|titlu=Former Enemalta CEO, Residency Malta head Jonathan Cardona dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-kap-ezekuttiv-tal-enemalta-u-residenza-malta-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Kap Eżekuttiv tal-Enemalta u Residenza Malta Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142318/former_joseph_muscat_aide_jonathan_cardona_passes_away_|titlu=Former Joseph Muscat aide Jonathan Cardona passes away|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Karl|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-kap-tal-enemalta-u-tal-programm-tac-cittadinanza-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Imut l-eks kap tal-Enemalta u tal-programm taċ-ċittadinanza Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ara-il-pm-jinhasad-bil-mewt-ta-jonathan-cardona-waqt-il-gurament-tal-hatra-tal-membri-tal-kabinett/|titlu=ARA: il-PM jinħasad bil-mewt ta' Jonathan Cardona waqt il-ġurament tal-ħatra tal-membri tal-Kabinett|data=2026-06-04|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-04/local-news/CEO-of-Residency-Malta-Agency-Jonathan-Cardona-dies-6736290235|titlu=CEO of Residency Malta Agency, Jonathan Cardona, passes away - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref> * 5: [[Olivia Dow]]: ??, żeffiena u għalliema tal-ballet <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/renowned-ballet-teacher-olivia-dow-dies.1129558|titlu=Renowned ballet teacher Olivia Dow dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-olivia-dow.1129901|titlu=Appreciation: Olivia Dow|kunjom=Chetcuti|isem=Kristina|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 8: [[Antonio Briguglio]], 91, referee tal-futbol <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/sport/imut-l-ex-referee-internazzjonali-tonio-briguglio/|titlu=Imut l-ex-referee internazzjonali Tonio Briguglio|kunjom=Cossai|isem=Peter|data=2026-06-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/sports/football/142408/former_referee_antonio_briguglio_dies_|titlu=Former referee Antonio Briguglio dies|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/06/08/maltese-legendary-referee-tonio-briguglio-dies-aged-91/|titlu=Maltese legendary referee Tonio Briguglio dies, aged 91|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Valhmor|data=2026-06-08|sit=SportsDesk|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Josephine Xuereb]], ??, attivita u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-pn-election-candidate-dies.1129912|titlu=Former PN election candidate dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/14/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-josephine-xuereb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Josephine Xuereb|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-14/local-news/Former-PN-candidate-Josephine-Xuereb-dies-6736290504|titlu=Former PN candidate Josephine Xuereb dies|data=14 Ġunju 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/17/josephine-xuereb-kienet-mara-li-uzat-it-talenti-taghha-biex-tkattar-il-gid/|titlu="Josephine Xuereb kienet mara li użat it-talenti tagħha biex tkattar il-ġid"|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-06-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 18: [[Helen Borg]], ??, eks President tal-Kunsill tal-Iskola għat-Tagħlim Tul il-Ħajja u eks Kap tal-Iskola Vincenzo Borg Brared, marda tal-Parkinson's <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/riptmut-helen-borg-eks-president-tal-kunsill-tal-iskola-ghat-taghlim-tul-il-hajja-u-eks-headteacher-ta-birkirkara/|titlu=Tmut Helen Borg, Eks President Tal-Kunsill Tal-Iskola Għat-Tagħlim Tul Il-Ħajja U Eks Headteacher Ta’ Birkirkara|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-06-19|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 21: [[Żeppi l-Ħafi|Joseph Fenech]], 71, kriminal magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-fenech-known-zeppi-lhafi-dies-aged-71.1130234|titlu=Joseph Fenech, known as Żeppi l-Ħafi, dies aged 71|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhal-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech, magħruf bħal Żeppi l-Ħafi|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=21 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhala-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi|data=2026-06-21|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 22: [[Paul Fenech (kunsilleri)|Paul Fenech]], 79, kunsillier tas-Swieqi, artist u kowċ tal-basketball <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-swieqi-councillor-artist-basketball-coach-paul-fenech-dies.1130293|titlu=Former Swieqi councillor, artist and basketball coach, Paul Fenech dies aged 79|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-06-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/22/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-paul-fenech-li-serva-ghal-snin-twal-bhala-kunsillier-lokali-tal-pn-fi-swieqi/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta' Paul Fenech li serva għal snin twal bħala kunsillier lokali tal-PN fi Swieqi|kunjom=Borg|isem=Maria|data=2026-06-22|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/paul-fenech-22-06-2026|titlu=Paul Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-25}}</ref> * 29: [[Antoinette Miggiani]], 88, sopran u għalliema tal-kant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/antoinette-miggiani-soprano-teacher-dies-aged-88.1130669|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani, soprano, teacher dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-29/local-news/Renowned-Maltese-soprano-and-vocal-teacher-Antoinette-Miggiani-dies-aged-88-6736290961|titlu=Renowned Maltese soprano and vocal teacher Antoinette Miggiani dies aged 88|data=29 June 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Ara aktar == * [[:Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] - tinkludi ħoloq għal artikli fil-Wikipedija dwar nies li mietu fl-2026 == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Imwiet f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026|*]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mwiet bis-sena]] 9yebyj7uz0v1gc14ua1km0k8zbj3b58 0 34093 330780 329826 2026-06-29T13:15:31Z ToniSant 4257 /* April */ +Lighthouse 330780 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] k8qb1v1xm5ewxprnwf4a2hg0dmtmg8s 330781 330780 2026-06-29T13:16:58Z ToniSant 4257 /* Marzu */ +Ira 330781 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] ixc7o6g4491l0hsqv6eo98eksbq59jn 330782 330781 2026-06-29T13:20:39Z ToniSant 4257 /* April */ +Karen Duff 330782 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |- |30 |Rio |[[Karen Duff]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=RIO|kunjom=Duff|isem=Karen|data=30 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] leoguyiogxd5bhnrs1qbaqmzcpkm6ha 330783 330782 2026-06-29T13:23:26Z ToniSant 4257 /* April */ +Miriana 330783 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |23 |PARÉA |Evangelia starring [[Miriana Conte]] & Kiki |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=PARÉA|kunjom=Evangelia|kunjom2=Conte|isem2=Miriana|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en,it,es}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |- |30 |Rio |[[Karen Duff]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=RIO|kunjom=Duff|isem=Karen|data=30 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] az52xbfcfrj86no6rijb79tref1l6si 330784 330783 2026-06-29T13:24:23Z ToniSant 4257 /* April */ +ref 330784 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |23 |PARÉA |Evangelia starring [[Miriana Conte]] & Kiki |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/miriana-conte-bkollaborazzjoni-mal-kantanti-internazzjonali-evangelia-u-kiki/|titlu=Miriana Conte B'Kollaborazzjoni Mal-Kantanti Internazzjonali Evangelia U Kiki|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-24|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=PARÉA|kunjom=Evangelia|kunjom2=Conte|isem2=Miriana|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en,it,es}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |- |30 |Rio |[[Karen Duff]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=RIO|kunjom=Duff|isem=Karen|data=30 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] t6uzse6136qmdbyg4kwum2djv6owqhf 330785 330784 2026-06-29T13:27:51Z ToniSant 4257 /* April */ +Nicole Cassar 330785 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |14 |Lonely |[[Nicole Cassar]] feat. [[Gabe il-Babe]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/watch-nicole-cassar-teams-up-with-gabe-il-babe-for-new-single-lonely/|titlu=Watch: Nicole Cassar Teams Up With Gabe Il-Babe For New Single Lonely|kunjom=Galea|isem=Charlene|data=2026-04-18|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs2sZqBJOkc|titlu=Lonely|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Nicole|data=14 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |23 |PARÉA |Evangelia starring [[Miriana Conte]] & Kiki |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/miriana-conte-bkollaborazzjoni-mal-kantanti-internazzjonali-evangelia-u-kiki/|titlu=Miriana Conte B'Kollaborazzjoni Mal-Kantanti Internazzjonali Evangelia U Kiki|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-24|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=PARÉA|kunjom=Evangelia|kunjom2=Conte|isem2=Miriana|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en,it,es}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |- |30 |Rio |[[Karen Duff]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=RIO|kunjom=Duff|isem=Karen|data=30 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- | | | | | | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] pnga5kxxcvovp9wkm6z4zs6blqwvjra 330787 330785 2026-06-29T13:51:37Z ToniSant 4257 /* Mejju */ +X-Vandals 330787 wikitext text/x-wiki Din hija lista ta' attivitajiet mużikali notevoli li ġraw u diski/recordings maħruġa fl-2026. Kull attività jew recording iridu jkunu sostanzjati minn referenza xierqa, u aktar minn waħda, meta dan possibli. ==Diski u recordings oħra maħruġa fl-2026== === Jannar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |2 |Olli |[[That bb]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://thatbb.bandcamp.com/track/olli|titlu=Olli, by that bb|sit=That bb|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |3 |Post Consolidation |[[Demis Fenech|Demis]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3FaMvShDttCyNjoXnzTyl1|titlu=Post Consolidation|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Demis|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref> | |- |9 |O San Frangisk |[[Victorio Gauci]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/victorio-gauci-bkanzunetta-dedikata-lil-san-frangisk/|titlu=Victorio Gauci b’kanzunetta dedikata lil San Franġisk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdNS-Pxn818|titlu=O San Franġisk|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Victorio|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |9 |Falling |[[Prayer of the Dying]] feat. [[Simon Deguara]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofmaEQnAtw|titlu=Falling|kunjom=Prayer of the Dying|data=9 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |11 |Annimali |[[Michael Azzopardi (mużiċist)|Michael Azzopardi]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZgWvsVTTb4|titlu=Annimali|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Michael|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |11 |Reġjun Port |[[Kantera]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1hPhBeYmGdpc8n33t0hfm1|titlu=Reġjun Port|kunjom=Kantera|data=11 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |This Odometer Syndrome |[[Sceptocrypt]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsfLtCSvlFY|titlu=This Odometer Syndrome|kunjom=Septocrypt|data=13 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |15 |Għall-Ħarġa |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3pidvt4B0JyefSGZEAFo4K|titlu=Għall-Ħarġa|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |15 |Show Me How to Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5oJSLoGdE5NFJEQtUb6YGR|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=15 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Overstimulated |[[Miriana Conte]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5QmftZD5kwrZ1LD1Nb24ox|titlu=Overstimulated|kunjom=Conte|isem=Miriana|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |16 |Tama |[[Gaia Cauchi]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1EGXt31OnlltA46rxfBqBK|titlu=Tama|kunjom=Cauchi|isem=Gaia|data=16 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |17 |Supernova |[[Ray Agius]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5m05wClS9f9ymUxOQjPrON|titlu=Supernova|kunjom=Agius|isem=Ray|data=17 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en,mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |18 |Healing |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuV_CHFL5TQ|titlu=Healing|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |I Come Alive |[[Karm Debattista mssp]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3ZoG59yIoEUFwh39U0r1Ts|titlu=I Come Alive|kunjom=Debattista|isem=Karm|data=20 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |20 |Interstate EP |[[Melchior Sultana]] |EP |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://profoundsoundmusic.bandcamp.com/album/interstate-ep|titlu=Interstate EP, by Melchior Sultana|sit=Profound Sound Music|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |21 |Hamartia |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify | |- |22 |Another Kiss |[[Upper Lip]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0P3aA65Ce0bBtQAZRaJM0q|titlu=Another Kiss|kunjom=Upper Lip|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> | |- |22 |Sin Eaters |[[Bila (band)|Bila]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRbb576ApHI|titlu=Sin Eaters|kunjom=Bila|data=22 Jannar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Centerpiece |[[Glen Montanaro]] & Sophus Bech |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://glenmontanaro.bandcamp.com/album/centerpiece|titlu=Centerpiece, by Glen Montanaro & Sophus Bech|sit=Glen Montanaro|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-25}}</ref> | |- |26 |My Fault |[[Dav.Jr]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1JS3cCfMOsWP244h3zFv6n|titlu=My Fault|kunjom=Mejlak|isem=David|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Annimal |[[Sean Borg]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0F2YVBmcxEw4KvNrFBvl3x|titlu=Annimal|kunjom=Borg|isem=Sean|data=28 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |28 |Greetings From Bluesville |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/greetings-from-bluesville|titlu=Greetings From Bluesville, by Andre Camilleri|sit=Andre Camilleri|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |31 |Astra Nomina |[[Johann Caruana]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/johann-caruana-se-jirrilaxxa-astra-nomina-album-trance-ispirat-minn-tradizzjonijiet-bizantini-celtici-u-gregorjani/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirrilaxxa 'Astra Nomina' - Album Trance Ispirat Minn Tradizzjonijiet Biżantini, Ċeltiċi, u Gregorjani|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-02-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/johann-caruana-jirritorna-bastra-nomina-47-minuta-ta-muzika-li-tghaqqad-elementi-antiki-mal-hoss-trance/|titlu=Johann Caruana Jirritorna b'Astra Nomina: 47 Minuta ta’ mużika li tgħaqqad elementi antiki mal-ħoss Trance|kunjom=Muscat|isem=Cristian|data=2026-02-09|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0tE8jc9zKFbJ6AHzjN7kwI|titlu=Astra Nomina|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Johann|data=31 Jannar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |} === Frar === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |4 |Għażiż Missier |[[Kevin Borg]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5c3BGymxamWsH1xK1sh9Bd|titlu=Għażiż Missier|kunjom=Borg|isem=Kevin|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=open.spotify.com|data-aċċess=2026-02-07}}</ref> | |- |4 |Bored in the Supermarket |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juGWn68Y3P4|titlu=Bored in the Supermarket|kunjom=The Busker|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |4 |Too Much |[[Matthew James]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0F-6WlEoL0|titlu=Too Much|kunjom=Borg|isem=Matthew James|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |5 |Għadna Għaddejin |[[Peklektru]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://peklektru.bandcamp.com/album/g-adna-g-addejjin|titlu=Għadna Għaddejjin, by Peklektru|sit=Peklektru|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |5 |Evolution |[[The Cosmics]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60-1wll7lts|titlu=Evolution|kunjom=The Cosmics|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |6 |Equinimity |[[Manwel T]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://manwelt.bandcamp.com/album/equanimity|titlu=Equanimity, by MANWEL T|sit=MANWEL T|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |6 |Don't Call Me Baby |[[Luke Vella]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1RXptgkEicnWqs12YxJFpH|titlu=Don't Call Me Baby|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | |- |7 |A Diva and A Problem |[[Chess Galea]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://chessgalea.bandcamp.com/track/a-diva-a-problem|titlu=A Diva & A Problem, by Chess Galea|sit=Chess Galea|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |8 |Hollow |[[From Sheep to Wolves]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ3MSAj_4OI|titlu=Hollow|kunjom=From Sheep to Wolves|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |9 |Kartolina |[[Jamie Cardona]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/jamie-cardona-jniedi-kanzunetta-romantika/|titlu=Jamie Cardona jniedi kanzunetta romantika|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/5d45U49oVPV1DWEDEkoVvy|titlu=Kartolina|kunjom=Cardona|isem=Jamie|data=9 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |11 |Sakemm Ġejt Int |[[Kapitlu Tlettax]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DQ4xidAQ5Q|titlu=Sakemm Ġejt Int|kunjom=Kapitlu Tlettax|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Monster |[[Tara Formosa]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7rDlBvLur68QrrLKYAhU9E|titlu=Monster|kunjom=Formosa|isem=Tara|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-17}}</ref> | |- |13 |Wishing Well |[[Myles Azzopardi|Myles]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZMxfMILMQ|titlu=Wishing Well|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Myles|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |13 |Bewsa, Bacio, Kiss |[[Miguel Samuel]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTkMckx3O8|titlu=Bewsa Bacio Kiss|kunjom=Samuel|isem=Miguel|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |13 |Kewkba fl-Univers |[[Janice Mangion]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4IluNSXJ3WXALESwmGdlwS|titlu=Kewkba fl-Univers|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=13 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-17}}</ref> | |- |14 |Theżżiża |[[Poġġi]] |Single |YouTube (awdjo biss)<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckbzHzeY-0|titlu=Theżżiża|kunjom=Poġġi|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube}}</ref> | |- |14 |Qalbi |[[The JoyGivers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYLpWAYtaHY|titlu=Qalbi|kunjom=The JoyGivers|data=14 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |16 |Kulur |[[Kersten Graham]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1sFtWpr4RFjm8a1CatFi8H|titlu=Kulur|kunjom=Graham|isem=Kersten|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | |- |19 |Livin' A Lie |[[OutBound]]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/outband-bi-track-dwar-dwar-it-tbatija-kwieta-ta-individwi-li-jahbuha-wara-maskra/|titlu=OutBound bi track dwar it-tbatija kwieta ta’ individwi li jaħbuha wara maskra|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qyp0s6cCyO0|titlu=Livin' A Lie|kunjom=OutBound|data=19 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |20 |Ejja |[[Clintess]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0V7CxyVX8ztK8eqPUb1VmQ|titlu=Ejja|kunjom=Clintess|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |20 |Blinked |[[Moira Stafrace]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlwFUtvRjQ8|titlu=Blinked|kunjom=Stafrace|isem=Moira|data=20 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |24 |Brothers |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/brothers-2|titlu=Brothers, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-02}}</ref> | |- |24 |I Promise |[[Destiny Chukunyere|Destiny]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HN8ITf1nQ0w|titlu=I Promise|kunjom=Chukunyere|isem=Destiny|data=24 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |25 |Man of Galilee (Re-Imagined) |[[Frank O'Neill]] |Album |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1BZC5XRebfBOoLyC4zuSsj|titlu=Man of Galilee|kunjom=O'Neill|isem=Frank|data=25 Frar 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-30}}</ref> | |- |27 |Emission |[[Jewel Kid]] |Single |Soundcloud<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://soundcloud.com/jewelkid/emission|titlu=Emission|kunjom=Jewel Kid|data=27 Frar 2026|sit=Soundcloud|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |28 |On My Mind |Dolphsun, [[Dana McKeon]], José Pisa |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK4Fu6xWIuY|titlu=On My Mind|kunjom=Dolphsun|kunjom2=McKeon|isem2=Dana|kunjom3=Pisa|isem3=José|data=28 Frar 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=28 Frar 2026}}</ref> | |} === Marzu === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |3 |Uninvited |[[Kayati]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7HhlxFvcqOUZuqfnrdJMZv|titlu=Uninvited|kunjom=Kayati|data=3 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |Now That I'm With You |[[Red Electric]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3QwTDXKvsYFCeNDHnWdjl6|titlu=Now That I'm With You|kunjom=Red Electric|data=6 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-03-10}}</ref> | | |- |6 |My Divine Chaos |[[Luke Vella]] |EP<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/luke-vella-drops-single-debut-ep-nears-release/|titlu=Luke Vella Drops ‘Don’t Call Me Baby’ As Debut EP Nears Release|kunjom=Xerri|isem=Riana|data=2026-02-07|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/43tzsRQaI85u4PlaHGoYAg|titlu=My Divine Chaos|kunjom=Vella|isem=Luke|data=5 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |11 |Isa Binti |[[Rossann]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5vWOhL_Fuw|titlu=Isa Binti|kunjom=Delia|isem=Rossann|data=11 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |16 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJPomdyaqkw|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=16 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |18 |Kuntenta Kif Jien |[[Ira Losco]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Kuntenta Kif Jien|kunjom=Losco|isem=Ira|data=18 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem |[[The Travellers]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2JT0YMRXvE|titlu=Poeżija Mingħajr Tmiem|kunjom=The Travellers|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |20 |Cowboys Don't Cry |[[Aidan Cassar|Aidan]] |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/aidan-releases-new-single-cowboys-dont-cry-ahead-of-upcoming-album/|titlu=AIDAN Releases New Single 'Cowboys Don’t Cry' Ahead Of Upcoming Album|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=John|data=2026-03-16|sit=Lovin' Malta|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4SoFl9kStrxuiAOByLUkJZ|titlu=Cowboys Don't Cry|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Aidan|data=20 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Zero |[[Motherknives]] |Single |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://motherknives.bandcamp.com/track/zero|titlu=Zero, by Motherknives|sit=Motherknives|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-03}}</ref> | | |- |24 |Kollox Jgħaddi! |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdxmlirboM|titlu=Kollox Jgħaddi!|kunjom=Brodu}}</ref> | | |- |26 |Sweet Nothings |[[Raquela Dalli Gonzi|Raquela]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJnEJkd4JPA|titlu=Sweeting Nothings|kunjom=Dalli Gonzi|isem=Raquela|data=26 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |27 |Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna (Malta School Games 2026 Anthem) |[[Glen Vella]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqZ3Pryp_Rc|titlu=Logħob Li Jgħaqqadna|kunjom=Vella|isem=Glen|data=27 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Wiċċ ta' Grazzja |[[Mikayla]] |Single<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/mikayla-tniedi-wicc-ta-grazzja-kanzunetta-personali-ddedikata-lil-ommha/|titlu=Mikayla Tniedi “Wiċċ Ta’ Grazzja” - Kanzunetta Personali Ddedikata Lil Ommha|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4FkCaU3mHAxvyK3xNAn77j|titlu=Wiċċ ta' Grazzja|kunjom=Bajada|isem=Mikayla|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | | |- |30 |Ammen |[[Janice Mangion]] |Lyric video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wovYbmvyevM|titlu=Ammen|kunjom=Mangion|isem=Janice|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | | |- |30 |The Deceased |[[Delirium (band)|Delirium]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNVyO3heJWU|titlu=The Deceased|kunjom=Delirium|data=30 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |- |31 |Un/Lovable |[[The Busker]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MS6fWQ5Md0U|titlu=Un/Lovable|kunjom=The Busker|data=31 Marzu 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | | |} === April === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |1 |Perelejżer Perelejżer |[[Brodu (band)|Brodu]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://brodu.bandcamp.com/album/perelej-er-perelej-er|titlu=PERELEJŻER PERELEJŻER, by Brodu|sit=Brodu|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-04}}</ref> | |- |5 |Midnight On Brunswick Street |[[Andre Camilleri]] |Album |Bandcamp<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://andrecamilleri.bandcamp.com/album/midnight-on-brunswick-street|titlu=Midnight On Brunswick Street, by Andre Camilleri|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Andre|data=5 April 2026|sit=Bandcamp|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |8 |Show Me How To Love You |[[Ivan Grech]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-bkanzunetta-pozittiva-bmessagg-emozzjonali/|titlu=Ara: Ivan Grech b’kanzunetta pożittiva b’messaġġ emozzjonali|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=9 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=241r8LaCmg4|titlu=Show Me How To Love You|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=8 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |10 |Crime |[[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7xwZmeHBVWKujjiERwtn4z|titlu=Crime|kunjom=Lighthouse|data=10 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> | |- |13 |Under the Surface |[[Keith Anthony]] |EP |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Under the Surface|kunjom=Anthony|isem=Keith|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |13 |Victory Street |Ivan Grech |Album<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ivan-grech-iniedi-l-ewwel-album-bhala-solista-u-jhabbar-kuncert-fmejju/|titlu=Ivan Grech iniedi l-ewwel album bħala solista u jħabbar kunċert f’Mejju|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6HBMBOYD6I9ThELLGvhRkw|titlu=Victory Street|kunjom=Grech|isem=Ivan|data=13 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |14 |Imħabba Vera |[[GinX]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5BaBuVY9is|titlu=Imħabba Vera|kunjom=Lanzon|isem=Eugenio|kunjom2=Cordina|isem2=Nikita|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |14 |Lonely |[[Nicole Cassar]] feat. [[Gabe il-Babe]] |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/music/watch-nicole-cassar-teams-up-with-gabe-il-babe-for-new-single-lonely/|titlu=Watch: Nicole Cassar Teams Up With Gabe Il-Babe For New Single Lonely|kunjom=Galea|isem=Charlene|data=2026-04-18|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs2sZqBJOkc|titlu=Lonely|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Nicole|data=14 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |17 |This Restless Mind |[[Zoe Mercieca|Zöe]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KWzysMHrfQnDXFUfc6vTP|titlu=This Restless Mind|kunjom=Mercieca|isem=Zoe|data=17 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |19 |Whitecar |[[Luke Chappell]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3CmT44HZNEY1tBSxgkJoWG|titlu=Whitecar|kunjom=Chappell|isem=Luke|data=19 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-01}}</ref> | |- |23 |A Woman I Love |[[Claire Tonna]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAl1nKtuO9w|titlu=A Woman I Love|kunjom=Tonna|isem=Claire|data=23 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |23 |PARÉA |Evangelia starring [[Miriana Conte]] & Kiki |Video<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/miriana-conte-bkollaborazzjoni-mal-kantanti-internazzjonali-evangelia-u-kiki/|titlu=Miriana Conte B'Kollaborazzjoni Mal-Kantanti Internazzjonali Evangelia U Kiki|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-04-24|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref> |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=PARÉA|kunjom=Evangelia|kunjom2=Conte|isem2=Miriana|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en,it,es}}</ref> | |- |24 |Il-Qamar |[[Yasmin Kuymizakis|Ġiżimina]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SIN21WTQKI|titlu=Il-Qamar|kunjom=Kuymizakis|isem=Yasmin|data=24 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- |29 |Sad Pancake |[[Laceration]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/094rG3DuiXgdKufmVWzdQf|titlu=Sad Pancake|kunjom=Laceration|data=29 April 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-08}}</ref> | |- |30 |Rio |[[Karen Duff]] |Video |YouTube<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djX021LP1hE|titlu=RIO|kunjom=Duff|isem=Karen|data=30 April 2026|sit=YouTube|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |} === Mejju === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Data !Titlu !Artist/i !Format !Referenzi u/jew noti !Wikidata |- |6 |The Veil of Forgetfulness |[[X-Vandals]] |Video |Facebook<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1651097719493919|titlu=The Veil Of Forgetfulness|kunjom=X-Vandals|data=6 Mejju 2026|sit=Facebook|lingwa=en}}</ref> | |- |8 |Bħal Ħolma |[[Daryl Ebejer]] ft. [[David Cassar Torregiani]] |Single |Spotify<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/44X4EbSCGiygLh8JBffSmU|titlu=Bħal Ħolma|kunjom=Ebejer|isem=Daryl|data=8 Mejju 2026|sit=Spotify|lingwa=mt}}</ref> | |- | | | | | | |} ==Referenzi== {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Mużika]] [[Kategorija:Kultura Maltija]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mużika]] agnlsxc0328q756ialbq3edwo5e4hr7 0 34489 330801 330775 2026-06-29T18:11:41Z MargaritaPLV 28281 MargaritaPLV mexxa l-paġna [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] għal [[Rozie]]: Moved reviewed userspace draft to mainspace; translated/adapted from lv:Rozie 330775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kumpanija Dotcom | isem_kumpanija = ROZIE APP | tip_kumpanija = kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata | ġeneru = applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online | fundazzjoni = 10 ta’ Frar 2023<ref name="firmas">{{ċita web |titlu=ROZIE APP, Limited Liability Company, 40203461450 |url=https://www.firmas.lv/en/companies/rozie-app/40203461450 |sit=Firmas.lv |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | lokalità = [[Aizkraukle]], [[Latvja]] | żona_servizz = [[Malta]] | industrija = teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni; servizzi ta’ tindif | prodotti = applikazzjoni mobbli | servizzi = pjattaforma għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif | proprjetarju = SIA "ROZIE APP"<ref name="terms">{{ċita web |titlu=Terms and Conditions |url=https://rozie.app/terms-and-conditions/ |sit=Rozie |data=12 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | url = [https://rozie.app/ rozie.app] | tip_sit = suq online | reġistrazzjoni = 40203461450<ref name="firmas" /> | pubblikata = Ottubru 2024<ref name="lrpv-detail">{{ċita web |titlu=Candidates for Trademark of Year 2025 main award in the first quarter: Rozie and Uzars |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/candidates-trademark-year-2025-main-award-first-quarter-rozie-and-uzars |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=28 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | stat_attwali = attiva }} '''Rozie''' hija applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif. Il-pjattaforma ġiet żviluppata minn professjonisti tal-IT [[Latvja|Latvjani]] u topera primarjament fis-suq [[Malta|Malti]]. Il-kumpanija ROZIE APP twaqqfet fl-2023, l-applikazzjoni mobbli tnediet f’Ottubru 2024, u Malta kienet is-suq ewlieni magħżul mill-kumpanija.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> == Sfond == SIA "ROZIE APP" hija kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata reġistrata fil-Latvja fl-10 ta’ Frar 2023, bin-numru ta’ reġistrazzjoni 40203461450 u l-indirizz legali f’Aizkraukle.<ref name="firmas" /> Rozie topera bħala suq diġitali li jlaqqa’ klijenti li jitolbu servizzi ta’ tindif ma’ persuni li joffru dawk is-servizzi. Il-pjattaforma tipprovdi l-ibbukkjar, tiffaċilita l-ħlas u tagħti servizz ta’ għajnuna lill-klijenti, iżda ma tipprovdix direttament is-servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="terms" /> Malta ntgħażlet bħala l-ewwel suq ta’ din il-pjattaforma minħabba d-daqs tas-suq, l-użu mifrux tal-lingwa Ingliża u l-possibbiltà li t-tmexxija u l-għajnuna lill-klijenti jingħataw mil-Latvja.<ref name="delfi">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Zoldnere |isem=Taira |titlu=Soli pa solim – Latvijas jaunuzņēmums sāk apgūt Amerikas tirgu |url=https://www.delfi.lv/bizness/44467736/tehnologijas/120100551/soli-pa-solim-latvijas-jaunuznemums-sak-apgut-amerikas-tirgu |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Delfi Plus |data=28 Diċembru 2025 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-en">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie, a cleaning service platform founded in Latvia, conquers the Maltese market |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/en/inspirational-stories/rozie-a-cleaning-service-platform-founded-in-latvia-conquers-the-maltese-market |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=19 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-lv">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie kā pirmo tirgu izvēlas Maltu |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/aktuali/rozie-ka-pirmo-tirgu-izvelas-maltu/ |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=21 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == L-istorja tal-kumpanija == Dainis Duļbinskis kien l-ewwel li ħareġ b’din l-idea, u huwa ko-fundatur u ko-proprjetarju ta’ Rozie App.<ref name="delfi" /><ref name="db-portrait">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Vilciņa |isem=Armanda |titlu=Portrets - Rozie radītājs un līdzīpašnieks Dainis Duļbinskis |url=https://db.lv/zinas/portrets-iroziei-raditajs-un-lidzipasnieks-dainis-dulbinskis |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Dienas Bizness |data=16 Ġunju 2026 |paġni=42–43 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=21 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-iżvilupp tal-applikazzjoni beda fl-2023, u l-prodott tnieda f’Malta fl-1 ta’ Ottubru 2024.<ref name="delfi" /> Fit-twaqqif ta’ Rozie, it-tim kien magħmul minn Dainis Duļbinskis, Aleksandrs Tuļs u Edgars Veigurs. Duļbinskis kien il-Kap Eżekuttiv, Tuļs kien responsabbli għall-finanzi u l-iżvilupp strateġiku, u Veigurs kien id-Direttur Tekniku.<ref name="delfi" /> == L-operat f’Malta == Il-pjattaforma tlaqqa’ flimkien talbiet għal xogħol ta’ tindif u offerti minn dawk li jipprovdu s-servizzi. Il-klijenti jistgħu jagħmlu talbiet għal xogħol, il-fornituri jibagħtu l-offerti, u wara li jingħata s-servizz iż-żewġ naħat ikunu jistgħu jħallu reviews.<ref name="bt">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie hits 10,000 users: Malta’s top cleaning app thrives |url=https://www.businesstoday.com.mt/business/business/2962/rozie_hits_10000_users_maltas_top_cleaning_app_thrives |pubblikazzjoni=BusinessToday Malta |data=9 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="maltatoday">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning house just got easier: Meet Rozie, Malta’s cleaning app |url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/business/tech/134866/cleaning_house_just_got_easier_meet_rozie_maltas_cleaning_app |pubblikazzjoni=MaltaToday |data=14 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="times">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning just got easier: Rozie is Malta’s cleaning app that puts you in control |url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/cleaning-got-easier-rozie-malta-cleaning-app-puts-control-a2.1110396 |pubblikazzjoni=Times of Malta |data=27 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Sa Mejju 2025, in-numru ta’ dawk li kellhom kont reġistrat ma’ Rozie qabeż l-10,000.<ref name="bt" /> F’dan il-perjodu, il-pjattaforma kienet attiva f’Malta bħala applikazzjoni biex jiġu bbukkjati servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="maltatoday" /><ref name="times" /> == Żvilupp u kummerċjalizzazzjoni == Wara t-tnedija f’Ottubru 2024, Rozie kienet disponibbli fuq Apple Store u Google Play u bdiet kampanja kummerċjali fuq Google Ads.<ref name="marketingsherpa">{{ċita web |kunjom=Burstein |isem=Daniel |titlu=Influencer Trust Marketing: How home cleaning marketplace app increased purchases 4.9x with social media collabs |url=https://marketingsherpa.com/article/case-study/influencer |sit=MarketingSherpa |data=5 Ġunju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> F’Malta, saret kampanja b’influencers u reklami fuq il-kartuna tal-ħalib li kienet segwita minn żieda fin-numru ta’ persuni li installaw l-applikazzjoni minn madwar 3,600 fix-xahar għal madwar 6,500 fix-xahar.<ref name="marketingsherpa" /> == Għajnuna u pjanijiet ta’ espansjoni == Il-kumpanija rċeviet għajnuna minn LIAA għall-iżvilupp tal-website.<ref name="delfi" /> Sal-aħħar tal-2025, il-kumpanija kienet irreġistrat l-isem Rozie App, Inc. fid-Delaware u kienet qed tħejji biex taddatta l-prodott għas-suq Amerikan.<ref name="delfi" /> == Trademark == Fl-2025, ROZIE kienet fost il-kandidati tal-ewwel kwart tas-sena għall-premju "Trademark of the Year 2025" fil-kategorija "Trademark of the Year for the European Union" tal-Uffiċċju tal-Privattivi tal-Latvja.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> Il-marka tal-Unjoni Ewropea ROZIE, bin-numru 019116762, hija kkwotata bħala trademark ta’ ROZIE APP, LLC.<ref name="lrpv-nominees">{{ċita web |titlu=Well-known Latvian brands among first nominees for Trademark of Year 2025 award |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/well-known-latvian-brands-among-first-nominees-trademark-year-2025-award |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=25 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="euipo">{{ċita web |titlu=EUIPO eSearch: ROZIE, 019116762 |url=https://euipo.europa.eu/eSearch/#details/trademarks/019116762 |sit=European Union Intellectual Property Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Fl-Istati Uniti, l-applikazzjoni għal trademark ROZIE għandha n-numru tas-serje USPTO 99429982.<ref name="uspto-tsdr">{{ċita web |titlu=Trademark Status and Document Retrieval: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=99429982&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch |sit=United States Patent and Trademark Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-applikazzjoni ġiet ippubblikata fit-''Trademark Official Gazette'' tal-USPTO fil-5 ta’ Mejju 2026.<ref name="uspto-tmog">{{ċita web |titlu=USPTO Trademark Official Gazette: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tmog.uspto.gov/search/single-case-view?serialNumber=99429982&issueDate=2026-05-05 |sit=Trademark Official Gazette |pubblikatur=United States Patent and Trademark Office |data=5 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Disponibbiltà == L-applikazzjoni Rozie tinsab fuq Google Play u fuq l-App Store ta’ Apple.<ref name="googleplay">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?hl=en&id=com.rozie.app |sit=Google Play |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="appstore">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://apps.apple.com/mt/app/rozie-cleaning-services/id6479990769 |sit=Apple App Store |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Referenzi == <references /> == Ħoloq esterni == * [https://rozie.app/ Sit uffiċjali] k7g308130xm16g436z0tgralm4v0ikh 330803 330801 2026-06-29T18:12:11Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Żidt kategorija 330803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kumpanija Dotcom | isem_kumpanija = ROZIE APP | tip_kumpanija = kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata | ġeneru = applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online | fundazzjoni = 10 ta’ Frar 2023<ref name="firmas">{{ċita web |titlu=ROZIE APP, Limited Liability Company, 40203461450 |url=https://www.firmas.lv/en/companies/rozie-app/40203461450 |sit=Firmas.lv |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | lokalità = [[Aizkraukle]], [[Latvja]] | żona_servizz = [[Malta]] | industrija = teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni; servizzi ta’ tindif | prodotti = applikazzjoni mobbli | servizzi = pjattaforma għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif | proprjetarju = SIA "ROZIE APP"<ref name="terms">{{ċita web |titlu=Terms and Conditions |url=https://rozie.app/terms-and-conditions/ |sit=Rozie |data=12 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | url = [https://rozie.app/ rozie.app] | tip_sit = suq online | reġistrazzjoni = 40203461450<ref name="firmas" /> | pubblikata = Ottubru 2024<ref name="lrpv-detail">{{ċita web |titlu=Candidates for Trademark of Year 2025 main award in the first quarter: Rozie and Uzars |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/candidates-trademark-year-2025-main-award-first-quarter-rozie-and-uzars |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=28 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | stat_attwali = attiva }} '''Rozie''' hija applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif. Il-pjattaforma ġiet żviluppata minn professjonisti tal-IT [[Latvja|Latvjani]] u topera primarjament fis-suq [[Malta|Malti]]. Il-kumpanija ROZIE APP twaqqfet fl-2023, l-applikazzjoni mobbli tnediet f’Ottubru 2024, u Malta kienet is-suq ewlieni magħżul mill-kumpanija.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> == Sfond == SIA "ROZIE APP" hija kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata reġistrata fil-Latvja fl-10 ta’ Frar 2023, bin-numru ta’ reġistrazzjoni 40203461450 u l-indirizz legali f’Aizkraukle.<ref name="firmas" /> Rozie topera bħala suq diġitali li jlaqqa’ klijenti li jitolbu servizzi ta’ tindif ma’ persuni li joffru dawk is-servizzi. Il-pjattaforma tipprovdi l-ibbukkjar, tiffaċilita l-ħlas u tagħti servizz ta’ għajnuna lill-klijenti, iżda ma tipprovdix direttament is-servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="terms" /> Malta ntgħażlet bħala l-ewwel suq ta’ din il-pjattaforma minħabba d-daqs tas-suq, l-użu mifrux tal-lingwa Ingliża u l-possibbiltà li t-tmexxija u l-għajnuna lill-klijenti jingħataw mil-Latvja.<ref name="delfi">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Zoldnere |isem=Taira |titlu=Soli pa solim – Latvijas jaunuzņēmums sāk apgūt Amerikas tirgu |url=https://www.delfi.lv/bizness/44467736/tehnologijas/120100551/soli-pa-solim-latvijas-jaunuznemums-sak-apgut-amerikas-tirgu |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Delfi Plus |data=28 Diċembru 2025 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-en">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie, a cleaning service platform founded in Latvia, conquers the Maltese market |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/en/inspirational-stories/rozie-a-cleaning-service-platform-founded-in-latvia-conquers-the-maltese-market |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=19 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-lv">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie kā pirmo tirgu izvēlas Maltu |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/aktuali/rozie-ka-pirmo-tirgu-izvelas-maltu/ |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=21 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == L-istorja tal-kumpanija == Dainis Duļbinskis kien l-ewwel li ħareġ b’din l-idea, u huwa ko-fundatur u ko-proprjetarju ta’ Rozie App.<ref name="delfi" /><ref name="db-portrait">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Vilciņa |isem=Armanda |titlu=Portrets - Rozie radītājs un līdzīpašnieks Dainis Duļbinskis |url=https://db.lv/zinas/portrets-iroziei-raditajs-un-lidzipasnieks-dainis-dulbinskis |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Dienas Bizness |data=16 Ġunju 2026 |paġni=42–43 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=21 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-iżvilupp tal-applikazzjoni beda fl-2023, u l-prodott tnieda f’Malta fl-1 ta’ Ottubru 2024.<ref name="delfi" /> Fit-twaqqif ta’ Rozie, it-tim kien magħmul minn Dainis Duļbinskis, Aleksandrs Tuļs u Edgars Veigurs. Duļbinskis kien il-Kap Eżekuttiv, Tuļs kien responsabbli għall-finanzi u l-iżvilupp strateġiku, u Veigurs kien id-Direttur Tekniku.<ref name="delfi" /> == L-operat f’Malta == Il-pjattaforma tlaqqa’ flimkien talbiet għal xogħol ta’ tindif u offerti minn dawk li jipprovdu s-servizzi. Il-klijenti jistgħu jagħmlu talbiet għal xogħol, il-fornituri jibagħtu l-offerti, u wara li jingħata s-servizz iż-żewġ naħat ikunu jistgħu jħallu reviews.<ref name="bt">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie hits 10,000 users: Malta’s top cleaning app thrives |url=https://www.businesstoday.com.mt/business/business/2962/rozie_hits_10000_users_maltas_top_cleaning_app_thrives |pubblikazzjoni=BusinessToday Malta |data=9 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="maltatoday">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning house just got easier: Meet Rozie, Malta’s cleaning app |url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/business/tech/134866/cleaning_house_just_got_easier_meet_rozie_maltas_cleaning_app |pubblikazzjoni=MaltaToday |data=14 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="times">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning just got easier: Rozie is Malta’s cleaning app that puts you in control |url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/cleaning-got-easier-rozie-malta-cleaning-app-puts-control-a2.1110396 |pubblikazzjoni=Times of Malta |data=27 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Sa Mejju 2025, in-numru ta’ dawk li kellhom kont reġistrat ma’ Rozie qabeż l-10,000.<ref name="bt" /> F’dan il-perjodu, il-pjattaforma kienet attiva f’Malta bħala applikazzjoni biex jiġu bbukkjati servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="maltatoday" /><ref name="times" /> == Żvilupp u kummerċjalizzazzjoni == Wara t-tnedija f’Ottubru 2024, Rozie kienet disponibbli fuq Apple Store u Google Play u bdiet kampanja kummerċjali fuq Google Ads.<ref name="marketingsherpa">{{ċita web |kunjom=Burstein |isem=Daniel |titlu=Influencer Trust Marketing: How home cleaning marketplace app increased purchases 4.9x with social media collabs |url=https://marketingsherpa.com/article/case-study/influencer |sit=MarketingSherpa |data=5 Ġunju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> F’Malta, saret kampanja b’influencers u reklami fuq il-kartuna tal-ħalib li kienet segwita minn żieda fin-numru ta’ persuni li installaw l-applikazzjoni minn madwar 3,600 fix-xahar għal madwar 6,500 fix-xahar.<ref name="marketingsherpa" /> == Għajnuna u pjanijiet ta’ espansjoni == Il-kumpanija rċeviet għajnuna minn LIAA għall-iżvilupp tal-website.<ref name="delfi" /> Sal-aħħar tal-2025, il-kumpanija kienet irreġistrat l-isem Rozie App, Inc. fid-Delaware u kienet qed tħejji biex taddatta l-prodott għas-suq Amerikan.<ref name="delfi" /> == Trademark == Fl-2025, ROZIE kienet fost il-kandidati tal-ewwel kwart tas-sena għall-premju "Trademark of the Year 2025" fil-kategorija "Trademark of the Year for the European Union" tal-Uffiċċju tal-Privattivi tal-Latvja.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> Il-marka tal-Unjoni Ewropea ROZIE, bin-numru 019116762, hija kkwotata bħala trademark ta’ ROZIE APP, LLC.<ref name="lrpv-nominees">{{ċita web |titlu=Well-known Latvian brands among first nominees for Trademark of Year 2025 award |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/well-known-latvian-brands-among-first-nominees-trademark-year-2025-award |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=25 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="euipo">{{ċita web |titlu=EUIPO eSearch: ROZIE, 019116762 |url=https://euipo.europa.eu/eSearch/#details/trademarks/019116762 |sit=European Union Intellectual Property Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Fl-Istati Uniti, l-applikazzjoni għal trademark ROZIE għandha n-numru tas-serje USPTO 99429982.<ref name="uspto-tsdr">{{ċita web |titlu=Trademark Status and Document Retrieval: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=99429982&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch |sit=United States Patent and Trademark Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-applikazzjoni ġiet ippubblikata fit-''Trademark Official Gazette'' tal-USPTO fil-5 ta’ Mejju 2026.<ref name="uspto-tmog">{{ċita web |titlu=USPTO Trademark Official Gazette: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tmog.uspto.gov/search/single-case-view?serialNumber=99429982&issueDate=2026-05-05 |sit=Trademark Official Gazette |pubblikatur=United States Patent and Trademark Office |data=5 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Disponibbiltà == L-applikazzjoni Rozie tinsab fuq Google Play u fuq l-App Store ta’ Apple.<ref name="googleplay">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?hl=en&id=com.rozie.app |sit=Google Play |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="appstore">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://apps.apple.com/mt/app/rozie-cleaning-services/id6479990769 |sit=Apple App Store |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Referenzi == <references /> == Ħoloq esterni == * [https://rozie.app/ Sit uffiċjali] [[Kategorija:Latvja]] hsnv8cszuglbp5ecyr6uy4yhafhojo1 330806 330803 2026-06-29T19:09:33Z ToniSant 4257 added [[Category:Kumpaniji]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 330806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kumpanija Dotcom | isem_kumpanija = ROZIE APP | tip_kumpanija = kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata | ġeneru = applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online | fundazzjoni = 10 ta’ Frar 2023<ref name="firmas">{{ċita web |titlu=ROZIE APP, Limited Liability Company, 40203461450 |url=https://www.firmas.lv/en/companies/rozie-app/40203461450 |sit=Firmas.lv |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | lokalità = [[Aizkraukle]], [[Latvja]] | żona_servizz = [[Malta]] | industrija = teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni; servizzi ta’ tindif | prodotti = applikazzjoni mobbli | servizzi = pjattaforma għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif | proprjetarju = SIA "ROZIE APP"<ref name="terms">{{ċita web |titlu=Terms and Conditions |url=https://rozie.app/terms-and-conditions/ |sit=Rozie |data=12 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | url = [https://rozie.app/ rozie.app] | tip_sit = suq online | reġistrazzjoni = 40203461450<ref name="firmas" /> | pubblikata = Ottubru 2024<ref name="lrpv-detail">{{ċita web |titlu=Candidates for Trademark of Year 2025 main award in the first quarter: Rozie and Uzars |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/candidates-trademark-year-2025-main-award-first-quarter-rozie-and-uzars |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=28 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> | stat_attwali = attiva }} '''Rozie''' hija applikazzjoni mobbli u pjattaforma online għall-ibbukkjar ta’ servizzi ta’ tindif. Il-pjattaforma ġiet żviluppata minn professjonisti tal-IT [[Latvja|Latvjani]] u topera primarjament fis-suq [[Malta|Malti]]. Il-kumpanija ROZIE APP twaqqfet fl-2023, l-applikazzjoni mobbli tnediet f’Ottubru 2024, u Malta kienet is-suq ewlieni magħżul mill-kumpanija.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> == Sfond == SIA "ROZIE APP" hija kumpanija b’responsabbiltà limitata reġistrata fil-Latvja fl-10 ta’ Frar 2023, bin-numru ta’ reġistrazzjoni 40203461450 u l-indirizz legali f’Aizkraukle.<ref name="firmas" /> Rozie topera bħala suq diġitali li jlaqqa’ klijenti li jitolbu servizzi ta’ tindif ma’ persuni li joffru dawk is-servizzi. Il-pjattaforma tipprovdi l-ibbukkjar, tiffaċilita l-ħlas u tagħti servizz ta’ għajnuna lill-klijenti, iżda ma tipprovdix direttament is-servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="terms" /> Malta ntgħażlet bħala l-ewwel suq ta’ din il-pjattaforma minħabba d-daqs tas-suq, l-użu mifrux tal-lingwa Ingliża u l-possibbiltà li t-tmexxija u l-għajnuna lill-klijenti jingħataw mil-Latvja.<ref name="delfi">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Zoldnere |isem=Taira |titlu=Soli pa solim – Latvijas jaunuzņēmums sāk apgūt Amerikas tirgu |url=https://www.delfi.lv/bizness/44467736/tehnologijas/120100551/soli-pa-solim-latvijas-jaunuznemums-sak-apgut-amerikas-tirgu |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Delfi Plus |data=28 Diċembru 2025 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-en">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie, a cleaning service platform founded in Latvia, conquers the Maltese market |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/en/inspirational-stories/rozie-a-cleaning-service-platform-founded-in-latvia-conquers-the-maltese-market |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=19 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="labs-lv">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie kā pirmo tirgu izvēlas Maltu |url=https://labsoflatvia.com/aktuali/rozie-ka-pirmo-tirgu-izvelas-maltu/ |pubblikazzjoni=Labs of Latvia |data=21 Novembru 2024 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == L-istorja tal-kumpanija == Dainis Duļbinskis kien l-ewwel li ħareġ b’din l-idea, u huwa ko-fundatur u ko-proprjetarju ta’ Rozie App.<ref name="delfi" /><ref name="db-portrait">{{ċita aħbar |kunjom=Vilciņa |isem=Armanda |titlu=Portrets - Rozie radītājs un līdzīpašnieks Dainis Duļbinskis |url=https://db.lv/zinas/portrets-iroziei-raditajs-un-lidzipasnieks-dainis-dulbinskis |url-aċċess=subscription |pubblikazzjoni=Dienas Bizness |data=16 Ġunju 2026 |paġni=42–43 |lingwa=lv |data-aċċess=21 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-iżvilupp tal-applikazzjoni beda fl-2023, u l-prodott tnieda f’Malta fl-1 ta’ Ottubru 2024.<ref name="delfi" /> Fit-twaqqif ta’ Rozie, it-tim kien magħmul minn Dainis Duļbinskis, Aleksandrs Tuļs u Edgars Veigurs. Duļbinskis kien il-Kap Eżekuttiv, Tuļs kien responsabbli għall-finanzi u l-iżvilupp strateġiku, u Veigurs kien id-Direttur Tekniku.<ref name="delfi" /> == L-operat f’Malta == Il-pjattaforma tlaqqa’ flimkien talbiet għal xogħol ta’ tindif u offerti minn dawk li jipprovdu s-servizzi. Il-klijenti jistgħu jagħmlu talbiet għal xogħol, il-fornituri jibagħtu l-offerti, u wara li jingħata s-servizz iż-żewġ naħat ikunu jistgħu jħallu reviews.<ref name="bt">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Rozie hits 10,000 users: Malta’s top cleaning app thrives |url=https://www.businesstoday.com.mt/business/business/2962/rozie_hits_10000_users_maltas_top_cleaning_app_thrives |pubblikazzjoni=BusinessToday Malta |data=9 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="maltatoday">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning house just got easier: Meet Rozie, Malta’s cleaning app |url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/business/tech/134866/cleaning_house_just_got_easier_meet_rozie_maltas_cleaning_app |pubblikazzjoni=MaltaToday |data=14 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="times">{{ċita aħbar |titlu=Cleaning just got easier: Rozie is Malta’s cleaning app that puts you in control |url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/cleaning-got-easier-rozie-malta-cleaning-app-puts-control-a2.1110396 |pubblikazzjoni=Times of Malta |data=27 Mejju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Sa Mejju 2025, in-numru ta’ dawk li kellhom kont reġistrat ma’ Rozie qabeż l-10,000.<ref name="bt" /> F’dan il-perjodu, il-pjattaforma kienet attiva f’Malta bħala applikazzjoni biex jiġu bbukkjati servizzi ta’ tindif.<ref name="maltatoday" /><ref name="times" /> == Żvilupp u kummerċjalizzazzjoni == Wara t-tnedija f’Ottubru 2024, Rozie kienet disponibbli fuq Apple Store u Google Play u bdiet kampanja kummerċjali fuq Google Ads.<ref name="marketingsherpa">{{ċita web |kunjom=Burstein |isem=Daniel |titlu=Influencer Trust Marketing: How home cleaning marketplace app increased purchases 4.9x with social media collabs |url=https://marketingsherpa.com/article/case-study/influencer |sit=MarketingSherpa |data=5 Ġunju 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> F’Malta, saret kampanja b’influencers u reklami fuq il-kartuna tal-ħalib li kienet segwita minn żieda fin-numru ta’ persuni li installaw l-applikazzjoni minn madwar 3,600 fix-xahar għal madwar 6,500 fix-xahar.<ref name="marketingsherpa" /> == Għajnuna u pjanijiet ta’ espansjoni == Il-kumpanija rċeviet għajnuna minn LIAA għall-iżvilupp tal-website.<ref name="delfi" /> Sal-aħħar tal-2025, il-kumpanija kienet irreġistrat l-isem Rozie App, Inc. fid-Delaware u kienet qed tħejji biex taddatta l-prodott għas-suq Amerikan.<ref name="delfi" /> == Trademark == Fl-2025, ROZIE kienet fost il-kandidati tal-ewwel kwart tas-sena għall-premju "Trademark of the Year 2025" fil-kategorija "Trademark of the Year for the European Union" tal-Uffiċċju tal-Privattivi tal-Latvja.<ref name="lrpv-detail" /> Il-marka tal-Unjoni Ewropea ROZIE, bin-numru 019116762, hija kkwotata bħala trademark ta’ ROZIE APP, LLC.<ref name="lrpv-nominees">{{ċita web |titlu=Well-known Latvian brands among first nominees for Trademark of Year 2025 award |url=https://www.lrpv.gov.lv/en/article/well-known-latvian-brands-among-first-nominees-trademark-year-2025-award |pubblikatur=Latvijas Republikas Patentu valde |data=25 April 2025 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="euipo">{{ċita web |titlu=EUIPO eSearch: ROZIE, 019116762 |url=https://euipo.europa.eu/eSearch/#details/trademarks/019116762 |sit=European Union Intellectual Property Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> Fl-Istati Uniti, l-applikazzjoni għal trademark ROZIE għandha n-numru tas-serje USPTO 99429982.<ref name="uspto-tsdr">{{ċita web |titlu=Trademark Status and Document Retrieval: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=99429982&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch |sit=United States Patent and Trademark Office |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> L-applikazzjoni ġiet ippubblikata fit-''Trademark Official Gazette'' tal-USPTO fil-5 ta’ Mejju 2026.<ref name="uspto-tmog">{{ċita web |titlu=USPTO Trademark Official Gazette: ROZIE, serial number 99429982 |url=https://tmog.uspto.gov/search/single-case-view?serialNumber=99429982&issueDate=2026-05-05 |sit=Trademark Official Gazette |pubblikatur=United States Patent and Trademark Office |data=5 Mejju 2026 |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=16 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Disponibbiltà == L-applikazzjoni Rozie tinsab fuq Google Play u fuq l-App Store ta’ Apple.<ref name="googleplay">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?hl=en&id=com.rozie.app |sit=Google Play |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref><ref name="appstore">{{ċita web |titlu=Rozie - Cleaning Services |url=https://apps.apple.com/mt/app/rozie-cleaning-services/id6479990769 |sit=Apple App Store |lingwa=en |data-aċċess=15 Ġunju 2026}}</ref> == Referenzi == <references /> == Ħoloq esterni == * [https://rozie.app/ Sit uffiċjali] [[Kategorija:Latvja]] [[Kategorija:Kumpaniji]] 4u3ryqadm79rmblldisn1zwgxa153s7 0 34492 330810 330750 2026-06-30T08:10:23Z Trigcly 17859 /* Rewwixti bikrin */ 330810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Darius I''' (bil-Persjan Antik: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ''Dārayavaʰuš''; <abbr>twieled għall-ħabta tal-</abbr>550 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]]. u miet fl-486 Q.K.), magħruf ukoll bħala '''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''', kien it-tielet Re tar-Rejiet tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, u rrenja mill-522 Q.K. sa [[Mewt|mewtu]] fl-486 Q.K. Huwa rrenja fuq l-imperu fil-quċċata territorjali tiegħu, meta kien jinkludi l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]], partijiet mill-Balkani (Traċja–Maċedonja u Peonja) u l-Kawkasu, il-biċċa l-kbira mir-reġjuni kostali tal-[[Baħar l-Iswed]], l-Asja Ċentrali, il-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant Imbiegħed, u partijiet mit-Tramuntana tal-[[Afrika]] u mill-Grigal tal-Afrika, inkluż l-[[Eġittu]] (''Mudrâya''), il-Lvant tal-[[Libja]] u l-kosta tas-[[Sudan]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dagestan/|titlu=DĀḠESTĀN|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-28}}</ref><ref>Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). ''The Making of the Georgian Nation''. Indiana University Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-253-20915-3</bdi>.</ref><ref>Durant, Will (1954). ''Our Oriental Heritage being a history of civilization in Egypt and the Near East to the death of Alexander, and in India, China and Japan from the beginnings to our own day''. The Story of Civilization (Volume 1 ed.). [[Belt ta' New York|New York]]: Simon and Schuster. ISBN <bdi>978-0-671-54800-1</bdi>. p. 355.</ref> Darius tela' fuq it-tron wara li għeleb lill-monarka tal-Akemenidi Bardija (jew ''Smerdis''), li skontu kien impostur imsejjaħ Gaumata. Ir-re l-ġdid ħabbat wiċċu ma' ribelljonijiet madwar l-imperu kollu iżda għelibhom kollha; avveniment ewlieni tal-karriera ta' Darius deskritt fl-istorjografija [[Greċja|Griega]] kienet l-ispedizzjoni punittiva kontra [[Ateni]] u Eretrija talli ħadu sehem fir-Rewwixta tal-Baħar Joniku. Darius organizza l-imperu billi qasmu f'provinċji amministrattivi, kull waħda ggvernata minn ''satrap''. Huwa organizza l-muniti tal-Akemenidi bħala sistema monetarja uniformi ġdida, u għażel l-[[Aramajk ta' Ġesù|Aramajk]] bħala [[lingwa]] kouffiċjali tal-imperu flimkien mal-Persjan Antik. Huwa wassal biex l-imperu jkollu qagħda aħjar billi tejjeb it-toroq u introduċa piżijiet u kejliet standard. Permezz ta' dawn il-bidliet, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi sar ċentralizzat u unifikat.<ref>Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). ''Worlds Together, Worlds Apart concise edition vol.1''. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 132. ISBN <bdi>978-0-393-25093-0</bdi>.</ref> Darius wettaq proġetti oħra ta' kostruzzjoni fl-imperu kollu, u ffoka primarjament fuq [[Susa]], [[Pasargadae]], [[Persepolis]], il-[[Babilonja]] u l-Eġittu. Huwa ordna t-tinqix ta' kitba fuq wiċċ l-irdum tal-Għolja ta' Behistun biex jirreġistra l-konkwisti tiegħu, li iktar 'il quddiem saret evidenza importanti tal-lingwa Persjana Antika. == [[Etimoloġija]] == ''Dārīus'' u ''Dārēus'' huma l-forom bil-[[Lingwa Latina|Latin]] tal-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]] ''Dareîos'' (Δαρεῖος), li nibtet mill-Persjan Antik ''Dārayauš'' (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁, ''d-a-r-y-uš''); li hija forma mqassra ta' ''Dārayavaʰuš'' (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁, ''d-a-r-y-v-u-š''). Il-forma itwal bil-Persjan hija riflessa fil-forom bl-Elamit ''Da-ri-(y)a-ma-u-iš'', bil-Babiloniż ''Da-(a-)ri-ia-(a-)muš'', u bl-Aramajk ''drywhwš'' (𐡃𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡄𐡅𐡔), u x'aktarx fil-forma itwal bil-Grieg, ''Dareiaîos'' (Δαρειαῖος). L-isem fil-forma nominattiva jfisser "dak li għandu ħakma tajba tat-tajjeb (tjubija)", li toħroġ fid-dieher mill-ewwel parti ''dāraya'', li tfisser "detentur", u l-avverbju ''vau'', li jfisser "tajjeb" jew "tjubija". == Sorsi primarji == F'xi żmien bejn l-inkurunazzjoni tiegħu u [[Mewt|mewtu]], Darius ħalla riljiev trilingwi monumentali mal-Għolja ta' Behistun, imnaqqax bl-Elamit, bil-Persjan Antik u bil-Babiloniż. It-tinqix jibda b'awtobijografija qasira li tinkludi lil missirijietu u l-arblu tar-razza tiegħu. Sabiex tgħinu fil-preżentazzjoni ta' missirijietu, Darius kiteb is-sekwenza ta' avvenimenti li seħħew wara l-mewt ta' [[Ċiru l-Kbir]]. Darius isemmi diversi drabli li huwa r-re denju bil-grazzja tad-divinità suprema Ahura Mazda. Instabu wkoll testi u monumenti oħra minn Persepolis, kif ukoll tavla tat-tafal bil-kitba kunejformi bil-Persjan Antik ta' Darius minn Gherla, ir-[[Rumanija]] (Harmatta) u ittra mingħand Darius lil Gadates, ippreservata f'test Grieg ta' żmien ir-[[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]]. Fit-tavli tal-pedamenti tal-Palazz ta' Apadana, Darius iddeskriva bil-kitba kunejformi bil-Persjan Antik, il-kobor tal-imperu tiegħu f'termini [[Ġeografija|ġeografiċi]] wesgħin:<blockquote>''Darius ir-re kbir, re tar-rejiet, re tal-pajjiżi, iben Hystaspes, Akemenid. Ir-re Darius jgħid: Dan huwa r-renju tiegħi, mill-poplu Sacae lil hinn minn Sogdia sal-poplu Kush, u mis-Sind (bil-Persjan Antik: 𐏃𐎡𐎭𐎢𐎺, "Hidauv", lokattiv ta' "Hiduš", jiġifieri l-"Wied tal-Indus") lil Lidja (bil-Persjan Antik: "Spardâ") – [dan huwa] dak li tani Ahuramazda, l-ikbar fost l-allat. J'Alla Ahuramazda jħares lili u r-residenza rjali tiegħi!''</blockquote>— kitba mnaqqxa ta' Darius I fil-pedamenti tal-Palazz ta' Apadana. [[Stampa:DNa Inscription Dārayavauš.jpg|daqsminuri|Isem Darius I bil-kitba kunejformi bil-Persjan Antik fuq il-qabar tiegħu: ''Dārayavauš'' (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁).]] Erodotu, storiku Grieg u l-awtur ta' ''L-Istorji'', ipprovda rendikont ta' bosta rejiet Persjani u l-Gwerer bejn il-Griegi u l-Persjani. Huwa kiteb b'mod estensiv dwar Darius, f'nofs il-Ktieb Nru 3 u l-Kotba Nri 4, 5 u 6. Jibda bit-tneħħija ta' Gaumata li allegatament ħa l-poter b'mod illegali u jkompli sa tmiem ir-renju ta' Darius. == Ħajja bikrija == Darius kien l-ikbar fost ħames ulied subien ta' Hystaspes. L-identitià ta' ommu mhix ċerta. Skont l-istoriku modern Alireza Shapour Shahbazi (1994), kien maħsub li omm Darius kienet [[mara]] msejħa Rhodogune. Madankollu, skont Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (2013), testi li nstabu reċentement f'Persepolis jindikaw li ommu kienet Irdabama, sid tal-artijiet affluwenti minn familja ta' mexxejja Elamiti lokali. B'mod simili, Richard Stoneman jirreferi għal Irdabama bħala omm Darius. Il-kitba mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun ta' Darius tistqarr li missieru kien is-satrap ta' Baktrija fil-522 Q.K. Skont Erodotu (III.139), Darius, qabel ma ħataf il-poter u "bla konsegwenza f'dak iż-żmien", kien ġellied bil-lanza (''doryphoros'') fil-kampanja militari Eġizzjana (528–525 Q.K.) ta' Cambyses II, re kbir Persjan ta' dak iż-żmien; spiss dan jiġi interpretat li jfisser li huwa kellu r-rwol importanti li jżomm il-lanez personali tar-re. Hystaspes kien uffiċjal fl-armata ta' Ċiru u nobbli tal-qorti tiegħu; skont il-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun, Hystapes kien sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru min-naħa ta' missieru, għalkemm dan jaf ġie vvintat sabiex l-aċċess għat-tron ta' Darius ikun leġittimu. Qabel ma' Ċiru u l-armata tiegħu qasmu x-xmara Araxes biex jiġġieldu kontra l-[[Armenja|Armeni]], huwa għamel lil ibnu Cambyses II bħala r-re f'każ li ma jerġax lura mill-battalja. Ladarba Ċiru qasam ix-xmara Aras, huwa ra xbieha fejn Darius kellu l-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh u kien jinsab fil-konfini tal-Ewropa u tal-Asja (id-dinja magħrufa f'dak iż-żmien). Meta Ċiru qam mill-ħolma, huwa interpretaha bħala periklu kbir għas-sigurtà futura tal-imperu, peress li kienet tfisser li Darius xi darba kien se jirrenja fuq id-dinja kollha. Madankollu, ibnu Cambyses kien l-eredi tat-tron, mhux Darius, u b'hekk Ċiru beda jara jekk Darius kellux pjanijiet ambizzjużi u ta' tradiment. Dan wassal biex Ċiru jordna lil Hystaspes biex imur lura lejn Persis u joqgħod għassa b'mod strett fuq ibnu, sar-ritorn ta' Ċiru. === Aċċess għat-tron === [[Stampa:Lineage of Darius the Great.jpg|xellug|daqsminuri|In-nisel ta' Darius il-Kbir skont il-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun.]] Jeżistu rakkonti differenti dwar l-aċċess għat-tron ta' Darius kemm mingħand Darius stess kif ukoll mingħand l-istoriċi Griegi. L-eqdem rekords jirrapportaw kobba mħabbla ta' avvenimenti li fihom Cambyses II tilef ir-raġuni, ordna li ħuh Bardiya jinqatel, u miet minħabba ferita infettata f'riġel. Wara dan, Darius u grupp ta' sitt nobbli vvjaġġaw lejn Sikayauvati biex joqtlu lil Gaumata, li kien ħa t-tron taparsi Bardiya fl-assenza tar-re. Ir-rakkont ta' Darius, imnaqqax mal-Għolja ta' Behistun, jiddikjara li Cambyses II qatel lil ħuh stess, Bardiya, iżda li din il-qtil ma kienx magħruf fost il-poplu Iranjan. Gaumata allegatament tela' fuq it-tron b'mod illegali u gideb lin-nies, taparsi kien Bardiya. L-Iranjani bdew jirribellaw kontra t-tmexxija ta' Cambyses, u fil-11 ta' Marzu 522 Q.K., faqqgħet rewwixta kontra Cambyses fl-assenza tiegħu. Fl-1 ta' Lulju, il-poplu Iranjan għażel li jkun taħt it-tmexxija ta' Gaumata, bħala "Bardiya". L-ebda membru tal-familja Akemenida ma tkellem kontra Gaumata għax beżgħu għal ħajjithom. Darius, li kien iġorr il-lanez irjali ta' Cambyses sal-mewt tar-re depost, talab għall-għajnuna, u f'Settembru 522 Q.K., flimkien ma' Otanes, Intaphrenes, Gobryas, Hydarnes, Megabyzus u Aspathines, qatel lil Gaumata fil-fortizza ta' Sikayauvati. Erodotu jipprovdi rakkont dubjuż dwar l-aċċess għat-tron ta' Darius: diversi jiem wara l-qtil ta' Gaumata, Darius u sitt nobbli oħra ddiskutew dwar id-destin tal-imperu. Għall-ewwel, is-seba' ddiskutew dwar il-forma ta' governanza: repubblika demokratika (''Isonomia'') ġiet appoġġata bil-kbir minn Otanes, oligarkija ġiet appoġġata minn Megabyzus, filwaqt li Darius kien favur monarkija. Wara li stqarr li repubblika kienet twassal għall-korruzzjoni u għall-ġlied intern, filwaqt li monarka kien jiggverna b'għerf perfett, u jaħbi bl-aħjar mod il-pjanijiet biex jingħelbu l-għedewwa, xi ħaġa li ma kinitx possibbli skontu b'governanzi oħra, Darius irnexxielu jikkonvinċi lil erba' mis-seba' nobbli. [[Stampa:The Darius seal. Darius stands in a royal chariot below Ahura Mazda and shoots arrows at a rampant lion. From Thebes, Egypt. 6th-5th century BCE. British Museum (cropped).jpg|daqsminuri|Il-marka fuq it-tafal ta' siġill ċilindriku tar-Re Darius il-Kbir jikkaċċja fuq karru, bil-kitba "Jien Darius, ir-Re Kbir" bil-Persjan Antik (𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏐𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐎴 𐏋, "''adam Dārayavaʰuš xšāyaθiya''"), bl-Elamit u bil-Babiloniż. Il-kelma "kbir" tidher biss bil-Babiloniż. Din it-tavla tat-tafal tinsab fil-[[Mużew Brittaniku]] u ġiet skavata f'[[Tebe (Eġittu)|Tebe]], l-Eġittu.]] Sabiex tittieħed deċiżjoni rigward min kien se jsir il-monarka, sitta minnhom iddeċidew li jsir test, u Otanes astjena, peress li ma kellux interess isir re. Huma kellhom jinġabru barra l-palazz, rekbin iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] tagħhom maż-żerniq, u skont liema żiemel jiżher l-ewwel ma' tlugħ ix-xemx, is-sid tiegħu kellu jsir ir-re. Skont Erodotu, Darius kellu [[Skjavitù|skjav]], Oebares, li ħakk idu fuq il-ġenitali ta' debba ta' Darius. Meta s-sitta nġabru, Oebares poġġa idu qrib imnieħer iż-żiemel ta' Darius, li eċita ruħu mar-riħa u beda jiżher. Dan ġie segwit minn sajjetti u ragħad, u b'hekk l-oħrajn niżlu minn fuq iż-żwiemel u niżlu għarkopptejhom quddiem Darius bħala rikonoxximent tal-provvidenza divina favur Darius. Fir-rakkont tiegħu, Darius stess sostna li kiseb it-tron mhux permezz ta' frodi, iżda b'mod makakk, u saħansitra tella' [[statwa]] tiegħu nnifsu riekeb iż-żiemel jiżher tiegħu bil-kitba mnaqqxa: "Darius, iben Hystaspes, kiseb is-sovranità tal-Persja bil-ħila taż-żiemel tiegħu u bl-għajnuna makakka ta' Oebares, l-iskjav tiegħu". Skont ir-rakkonti tal-istoriċi Griegi, Cambyses II kien ħalla lil Patizeithes fit-tmun tar-renju meta mar lejn l-Eġittu. Iktar 'il quddiem huwa bagħat lil Prexaspes biex joqtol lil Bardiya. Wara l-qtil, Patizeithes poġġa lil ħuh Gaumata, Magjan li kien jixbah lil Bardiya, fuq it-tron u ddikjarah bħala Re Kbir. Otanes skopra li Gaumata kien impostur, u flimkien ma' sitt nobbli Iranjani oħra, inkluż Darius, ħejja pjan biex jegħleb lill-psewdo-Bardiya. Wara l-qtil tal-impostur flimkien ma' ħuh Patizeithes u Magjani oħra, Darius ġie inkurunat re l-għada filgħodu. Id-dettalji rigward l-aċċess għat-tron ta' Darius huma ġeneralment rikonoxxuti bħala qerq li ntuża biex jingħeleb u jinqatel is-suċċessur ta' Cyrus, Bardiya. Sabiex jilleġittima t-tmexxija tiegħu, Darius kellu oriġini komuni vvintata bejnu u Ċiru billi ddeżinja lil Achaemenes bħala l-fundatur tad-dinastija tagħhom. Fil-verità, Darius ma kienx jagħmel parti mill-familja ta' Ċiru u tan-nisel tiegħu, il-mexxejja ta' Anshan. == Renju bikri == [[Stampa:Darius.jpg|daqsminuri|Darius il-Kbir ta' [[Eugène Flandin]] (1840).]] === Rewwixti bikrin === Wara l-inkurunazzjoni tiegħu f'Pasargadae, Darius ittrasferixxa ruħu f'[[Hegmataneh|Ecbatana]]. F'qasir żmien sar jaf li Bardiya kellu appoġġ qawwi, u li faqqgħu rewwixtri f'Elam u fil-Babilonja. Darius temm ir-rewwixta tal-Elamiti meta l-mexxej rivoluzzjonarju nħataf u ġie ġustizzjat f'[[Susa]]. Wara 3 xhur, ir-rewwixta fil-Babilonja ntemmet. Sakemm kien fil-Babilonja, Darius sar jaf li kienet faqqgħet rivoluzzjoni f'Baktrija, satrapija li dejjem kienet favur Darius, u inizjalment bagħat armata suldati biex irażżnu l-irvellijiet. Wara dan, ir-rewwixti faqqgħu wkoll f'Persis, l-art tal-Persjani u ta' Darius, kif ukoll f'Elam u fil-Babilonja, segwiti minn Medija, Parzja, Assirja u l-Eġittu. Sal-522 Q.K., kien hemm irvellijiet kontra Darius fil-biċċa l-kbira tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi. Minkejja li milli jidher Darius ma kellux l-appoġġ tal-popolin, huwa kellu armata leali, immexxija minn persuni tal-qalba tiegħu u min-nobbli (inkluż is-sitt nobbli li kienu għenuh jeħles minn Gaumata). Bl-appoġġ tagħhom, Darius irnexxielu jrażżan u jegħleb l-irvellijiet kollha fi żmien sena. Skont kliem Darius stess, huwa kien qatel total ta' disa' "rejiet giddibin" billi għeleb l-irvellijiet. Darius ħalla rendikont dettaljat ta' dawn l-irvellijiet fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. === Eliminazzjoni ta' Intafernes === Wieħed mill-avvenimenti sinifikanti tar-renju bikri ta' Darius kien il-qtil ta' Intafernes, wieħed mis-seba' nobbli li kienu ddeponew lill-mexxej ta' qabel u poġġew lil Darius bħala l-monarka l-ġdid. Is-seba' kienu għamlu ftehim li setgħu lkoll iżuru lir-re l-ġdid kull meta jixtiequ, għajr meta kien ma' mara. Lejla minnhom, Intafernes mar il-palazz biex jiltaqa' ma' Darius, iżda twaqqaf minn żewġ uffiċjali li qalulu li Darius kien ma' mara. Intafernes inkorla u ħassu insultat, għaldaqstant ħareġ ix-xabla tiegħu u qata' widnejn u mnieħer iż-żewġ uffiċjali, u dendilhom ma' xedd ir-ras taż-żiemel tiegħu u rabtu ma' għonq l-irġiel u ħallihom jitilqu. L-uffiċjali marru għand ir-re u wrewh x'kien għamlilhom Intafernes. Darius beda jibża' għas-sikurezza tiegħu; huwa ħaseb li n-nobbli kollha kienu ngħaqdu flimkien biex jirribellaw kontrih u li l-attakk kontra l-uffiċjali tiegħu kien l-ewwel sinjal ta' rewwixta. Huwa bagħat messaġġier lil kull wieħed min-nobbli, u staqsihom kinux japprovaw l-azzjonijiet ta' Intafernes. Huma ċaħdu kwalunkwe rabta mal-azzjonijiet ta' Intafernes, u stqarru li żammew mad-deċiżjoni tagħhom li jaħtru lil Darius bħala Re tar-Rejiet. L-għażla ta' Darius li jistaqsi lin-nobbli tindika li ma kienx ċert għalkollox rigward l-awtorità tiegħu. Huwa ħa prekawzjonijiet kontra xi reżistenza ulterjuri u bagħat xi suldati biex jaħtfu lil Intafernes, flimkien ma' ibnu, il-membri tal-familja, il-qrabat u xi ħbieb li kellhom il-kapaċità li jarmaw lilhom infushom. Darius kien jemmen li Intafernes kien qed jippjana ribelljoni, iżda meta tressaq il-qorti, ma kienx hemm prova ta' tali pjan. Minkejja dan, Darius qatel il-familja kollha ta' Intafernes, ħlief lil martu, lil ibnu u lil ħu l-mara tiegħu. Il-mara tiegħu ntalbet tagħżel bejn ħuha u binha u għażlet lil ħuha. Ir-raġunament tagħha għal dan kien li b'hekk seta' jkollha raġel ieħor u iben ieħor, iżda qatt ma seta' jkollha ħuha ieħor. Darius baqa' impressjonat bit-tweġiba tagħha u ma qatel lill-ebda wieħed minnhom. == Kampanji militari == [[Stampa:Egyptian alabaster vase of Darius I with quadrilingual hieroglyphic and cuneiform inscriptions.jpg|daqsminuri|Vażun Eġizzjan tal-alabastru ta' Darius I b'kitbiet ġeroglifiċi u kunejformi b'erba' lingwi. Il-kitba ġeroglifika fuq il-vażun tgħid: "Re tal-Eġittu ta' Fuq u t'Isfel, Sinjur taż-Żewġ Artijiet, Darius, li jgħix għal dejjem, is-sena 36".]] === Kampanja militari Eġizzjana === Wara li aċċerta l-awtorità tiegħu fl-imperu, Darius wettaq kampanja militari fl-Eġittu fejn għeleb il-qawwiet ribelli u kiseb l-artijiet li Cambyses kien ħakem, filwaqt li inkorpora parti kbira mill-Eġittu fl-Imperu tal-Akemenidi. Skont il-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Bisotun, ir-ribelljoni Eġizzjana bdiet meta Darius kien fil-Babilonja jindirizza r-ribelljoni hemmhekk. Ġie ssuġġerit li l-inklużjoni tal-Eġittu fost il-lista ta' provinċji ribellużi f'din il-kitba mnaqqxa kien żball tal-iskribi, u diversi dati huma possibbli għar-ribelljoni effettiva. Bl-istess mod, l-identità tal-mexxej tar-ribelli mhux magħruf, iżda ġie ssuġġerit li kien Petubastis III. Permezz ta' sensiela oħra ta' kampanji, Darius I eventwalment irrenja fuq l-apiċi territorjali tal-imperu, meta kien estiż minn partijiet mill-Balkani (Traċja, il-Maċedonja, il-Bulgarija, Peonja) fil-Punent, sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. === Invażjoni tal-Wied tal-Indus === Fil-516 Q.K., Darius wettaq kampanja militari lejn l-Asja Ċentrali, Aria u l-Baktrija u mbagħad immarċja fl-[[Afganistan]] lejn [[Taxila]], illum il-ġurnata fil-[[Pakistan]]. Darius qatta' x-xitwa tal-516–515 Q.K. f'Gandhara, iħejji ruħu biex jaħkem il-Wied tal-Indus. Darius ħakem l-artijiet madwar ix-xmara Indus fil-515 Q.K. Darius I kkontrolla l-Wied tal-Indus minn Gandhara sa [[Karachi]] moderna u ħatar is-Scylax Grieg ta' Caryanda biex jesplora l-[[Oċean Indjan]] mill-ħalq tax-xmara Indus sas-[[Kanal ta' Suez|Suez]]. === Rewwixta Babiloniża === [[Stampa:Eastern border of the Achaemenid Empire.jpg|daqsminuri|Il-fruntiera tal-Lvant tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi.]] Wara li Bardiya nqatel, seħħew diversi rvellijiet madwar l-imperu kollu, speċjalment fin-naħa tal-Lvant. Darius asserixxa l-pożizzjoni tiegħu bħala r-re bil-forza, u ħa l-armati tiegħu miegħu fl-imperu kollu, u għakkes kull rewwixta b'mod individwali. L-iżjed notevoli fost ir-rewwixti kollha kienet ir-rewwixta Babiloniża mmexxija minn [[Nebuchadnezzar III]]. Din ir-rewwixta seħħet meta Otanes irtira l-biċċa l-kbira tal-armata mill-Babilonja biex jgħin lil Darius jgħakkes ir-rewwixti l-oħra. Darius ħass li l-Babiloniżi kienu ħadu vantaġġ minnu u qarrqu bih, u dan wassal biex Darius jibni armata kbira u jimmarċja lejn il-Babilonja. Fil-Babilonja, Darius sab id-daħliet magħluqin u sensiela ta' difiżi lesti għalih u għall-armata tiegħu biex jevitaw li jidħlu fil-belt. Darius ġie mżeblagħ u rridikolat mir-ribelli, inkluż il-frażi famuża: "Iva mela, se taħtaf il-belt tagħna, meta l-bgħula jwelldu moħor". Għal sena u nofs, Darius u l-armati tiegħu ma rnexxielhomx jerġgħu jaħtfu l-belt, għalkemm ippruvaw b'bosta metodi u strateġiji — saħansitra dawk li kien uża Ċiru l-Kbir meta ħataf il-Babilonja. Is-sitwazzjoni nbidlet favur Darius, meta skont ir-rakkont, bagħal ta' Zopyrus, suldat imlaħħaq, kellu moħor. Wara dan, tħejja pjan biex Zopyrus jagħmel tabirruħu li diżertatur, jidħol fil-kamp Babiloniż, u jikseb il-fiduċja tal-Babiloniżi. Il-pjan irnexxa u l-armata ta' Darius eventwalment iċċirkondat il-belt u għelbet lir-ribelli. Matul din ir-rewwixta, in-nomadi Xitjani ħadu vantaġġ mid-diżordni u l-kaos u invadew il-Persja. Darius l-ewwel għeleb ir-ribelli f'Elam, fl-Assirja u fil-Babilonja, u mbagħad attakka l-invażuri Xitjani. Huwa kompla jgħakkes lill-invażuri, u mar warajhom sa marġ; hemmhekk ma sabx għedewwa iżda tribù Xitjana enigmatika. Huwa rnexxielu jaħtaf ir-re Xitjan Skunkha u żiedu mar-rejiet ribelli l-oħra msemmija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. === Kampanja militari Ewropea tax-Xitjani === [[Stampa:DariusScythes fr.svg|daqsminuri|Mappa tal-kampanja militari Ewropea tax-Xitjani ta' Darius I.]] Ix-Xitjani kienu grupp ta' tribujiet nomadiċi tat-Tramuntana tal-Iran li kienu jitkellmu lingwa tal-Lvant tal-Iran (lingwi Xitjani) u li invadew lil Medija, qatlu lil Ċiru f'battalja, għamlu rewwixta kontra Darius u heddu li jfixklu l-kummerċ bejn l-Asja Ċentrali u x-xtut tal-Baħar l-Iswed peress li kienu jgħixu bejn ix-xmara Danubju, ix-xmara Don u l-Baħar l-Iswed. Darius qasam il-Baħar l-Iswed fl-Istretti tal-Bosforu bl-użu ta' bosta dgħajjes. Darius ħakem partijiet kbar mil-Lvant tal-Ewropa, u saħansitra qasam ix-xmara Danubju biex jiddikjara gwerra kontra x-Xitjani. Darius invada x-Xitja Ewropea fil-513 Q.K., u x-Xitjani ħarbu mill-armata ta' Darius, bl-użu ta' finti u billi rtiraw lejn il-Lvant u qabbdu l-kampanja tal-madwar, imblokkaw il-bjar, interċettaw il-konvojs, qerdu l-mergħat u ġġieldu b'mod kontinwu kontra l-armata ta' Darius. L-armata ta' Darius ipprovat tiġġieled kontra x-Xitjani u segwiet l-armata tagħhom fil-fond tal-artijiet Xitjani, fejn ma kien hemm l-ebda belt x'tinħakem u l-ebda provvisti x'jinsterqu. Iffrustrat, Darius bagħat ittra lill-mexxej Xitjan Idanthyrsus biex jiġġieled jew jarrendi. Il-mexxej wieġeb li ma kienx se jieqaf biex jiġġieled kontra Darius sakemm isibu l-oqbra ta' missirijiethom u jipprovaw jeqirduhom. Sakemm dan iseħħ, huma kienu se jibqgħu għaddejjin bl-istrateġija tagħhom peress li ma kellhomx bliet jew artijiet ikkultivati x'jitilfu. Minkejja t-tattiki ta' evażjoni tax-Xitjani, il-kampanja militari ta' Darius sa dak iż-żmien kienet relattivament waħda ta' suċċess. Kif ippreżentat minn Erodotu, it-tattiki użati mix-Xitjani rriżultaw fit-telfa tal-aqwa artijiet tagħhom u f'danni mġarrba mill-alleat leali tagħhom. B'hekk Darius ħa l-inizjattiva u iktar ma resaq lejn il-Lvant fl-artijiet ikkultivati tax-Xitjani fil-Lvant tal-Ewropa proprja, huwa baqa' jiġi fornut mill-ġdid mill-flotta tiegħu u għex sa ċertu punt minn dak li pprovdiet l-art. Iktar ma resaq lejn il-Lvant fl-artijiet Xitjani Ewropej, huwa ħataf il-belt iffortifikata l-kbira tal-Budini, wieħed mill-alleati tax-Xitjani, u taha n-nar. Darius eventwalment ordna waqfa max-xtut ta' Oarus, fejn bena "tmien fortijiet kbar, xi 8 mili (13-il kilometru) 'il bogħod minn xulxin", bla dubju bħala difiża tal-fruntiera. F'''L-Istorji'' tiegħu, Erodotu jiddikjara li l-fdalijiet tal-fortijiet kienu għadhom viżibbli fi żmienu. Wara li segwa lix-Xitjani għal xi xahar, l-armata ta' Darius kienet qed iġġarrab telfiet minħabba l-għeja, il-ġuħ u l-mard. Darius beda jinkwieta li jitlef iktar suldati minn fost it-truppi tiegħu, għaldaqstant waqqaf l-immarċjar max-xtut tax-xmara Volha u mexa lejn Traċja. Huwa kien ħakem biżżejjed territorji Xitjani biex jobbligahom jirrispettaw il-forzi Persjani. === Invażjoni Persjana tal-Greċja === [[Stampa:Map Greco-Persian Wars-en.svg|daqsminuri|Is-siti ewlenin tal-invażjonijiet Persjani tal-Greċja.]] L-ispedizzjoni Ewropea ta' Darius kienet avveniment ewlieni fir-renju tiegħu, u bdiet bl-invażjoni ta' Traċja. Darius ħakem ukoll bosta bliet fit-Tramuntana tal-Eġew, Peonja, filwaqt li l-Maċedonja ċediet volontarjament, wara t-talba tal-art u tal-ilma, u saret renju vassall. Imbagħad Darius telaq minn Megabyzus biex jaħkem lil Traċja, u reġa' lura lejn [[Sardis]] biex iqatta' x-xitwa hemmhekk. Il-Griegi li kienu jgħixu fl-Asja Minuri u f'xi gżejjer Griegi ċedew quddiem it-tmexxija Persjana diġa sal-510 Q.K. Madankollu, kien hemm ċerti Griegi li kienu pro-Persjani, għalkemm fil-biċċa l-kbira kienu bbażati f'[[Ateni]]. Sabiex jittejbu r-relazzjonijiet bejn il-Griegi u l-Persjani, Darius fetaħ il-qorti tiegħu u t-teżor għal dawk il-Griegi li riedu jaqduh. Dawk il-Griegi qdewh bħala suldati, [[Artiġjan|artiġjani]] u baħħara. Madankollu, it-tħassib dejjem jiżdied fost il-Griegi dwar il-qawwa tar-renju ta' Darius flimkien mal-indħil kostanti mill-Griegi f'Jonja u f'Lidja wittew it-triq għall-kunflitt futur bejn il-Persja u wħud mill-bliet-stati Griegi ewlenin. [[Stampa:Darius detail on the Darius vase.jpg|daqsminuri|Detall ta' Darius, b'kitba t'ismu bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]] (ΔΑΡΕΙΟΣ, fin-naħa ta' fuq, fuq il-lemin).]] Meta Aristagoras organizza r-Rewwixta tal-Jonju, Eretrija u Ateni appoġġawh billi bagħtu bastimenti u truppi lejn Jonja u billi taw in-nar lil Sardis. L-operazzjonijiet militari u navali Persjani kontra r-rewwixta ntemmu bl-okkupazzjoni Persjana mill-ġdid tal-gżejjer Griegi u tal-Jonju, kif ukoll is-sottomissjoni mill-ġdid ta' Traċja u l-ħakma tal-Maċedonja fl-492 Q.K. taħt Mardonius. Il-Maċedonja kienet renju vassall tal-Persjani mill-aħħar tas-seklu 6 Q.K., iżda żammet l-awtonomija. Il-kampanja militari ta' Mardonius fl-492 wasslet biex issir parti subordinati bis-sħiħ tar-renju Persjan. Dawn l-azzjonijiet militari, bħala rispons dirett għar-rewwixta f'Jonja, kienu l-bidu tal-ewwel invażjoni Persjana tal-art kontinentali tal-Greċja. Fl-istess żmien, partijiet anti-Persjani kisbu iktar poter f'Ateni, u l-aristokratiċi pro-Persjani ġew eżiljati minn Ateni u minn Sparta. Darius wieġeb billi bagħat it-truppi mmexxija minn ibnu tar-rispett tul il-Hellespont. Madankollu, maltempata qalila u fastidji mit-Traċjani wasslu biex it-truppi jerġgħu lura lejn il-Persja. Bħala tpattija kontra Ateni u Eretrija, Darius bena armata oħra ta' 20,000 raġel taħt l-ammirall tiegħu, Datis, u n-neputi tiegħu Artafernes, li kiseb suċċess meta ħataf lil Eretrija u avvanza lejn Maratona. Fl-490 Q.K., fil-Battalja ta' Maratona, l-armata Persjana ġarrbet telfa kontra armata minn Ateni, b'9,000 raġel appoġġati minn 600 Platejani u 10,000 suldat armat immexxijin minn Miltiades. It-telfa mġarrba f'Maratona immarkat it-tmiem tal-ewwel invażjoni Persjana tal-Greċja. Darius beda t-tħejjijiet għat-tieni qawwa taħt il-kmand tiegħu, minflok il-ġenerali tiegħu; madankollu, qabel ma tlestew it-tħejjijiet, Darius miet, u b'hekk il-kompitu għadda f'idejn ibnu [[Xerxes]]. == Familja == Darius kien iben Hystaspes u n-neputi ta' Arsames. Darius iżżewweġ lil Atossa, bint Ċiru, u flimkien kellhom erba' subien: Xerxes, Achaemenes, Masistes u Hystaspes. Huwa żżewweġ ukoll lil Artystone, bint oħra ta' Ċiru, u flimkien kellhom żewġ subien magħrufa, Arsames u Gobryas. Darius iżżewweġ lil Parmys, bint Bardiya, u flimkien kellhom iben, Ariomardus. Barra minn hekk, Darius iżżewweġ lin-neputija tiegħu Phratagune, u flimkien kellhom żewġ subien, Abrokomas u Hyperantes. Huwa żżewweġ ukoll mara nobbli oħra, Phaidyme, bint Otanes. Mhux magħruf kellhomx tfal flimkien. Qabel dawn iż-żwiġijiet irjali, Darius kien iżżewweġ bint mhux magħrufa ta' ħabib kbir tiegħu li kien iġorr il-lanez, Gobryas, minn żwieġ bikri, u flimkien kellhom tliet subien, Artobazanes, Ariabignes u Arsamenes. Kwalunkwe bniet li jaf kellhom flimkien mhumiex magħrufa. Għalkemm Artobazanes kien l-ewwel iben ta' Darius, Xerxes sar l-eredi u r-re suċċessur minħabba l-influwenza ta' Atossa; hija kellha awtorità kbira fir-renju peress li Darius kien iħobb lilha l-iktar fost in-nisa kollha li żżewweġ. == Mewt u suċċessjoni == [[Stampa:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 25.jpg|daqsminuri|Il-qabar ta' Darius f'Naqsh-e Rostam.]] Wara li sar jaf bit-telfa li ġarrbu l-Persjani fil-Battalja ta' Maratona, Darius beda jippjana spedizzjoni oħra kontra l-bliet-stati Griegi; din id-darba, hu, mhux Datis, kellu jikkmanda l-armati imperjali. Darius qatta' 3 snin iħejji l-irġiel u l-bastimenti għall-gwerra meta faqqgħet rewwixta fl-Eġittu. Din ir-rewwixta fl-Eġittu wasslet biex saħħtu tmur għall-agħar u b'hekk ma setax imexxi armata oħra. Ftit wara, Darius miet, wara 30 jum ta' tbatija minħabba marda mhux identifikata, parzjalment minħabba s-sehem li kellu biex jgħakkes ir-rewwixta, tal-età ta' madwar 64 sena. F'Ottubru 486 Q.K., il-katavru tiegħu ġie bbalzmat u midfun fil-qabar imħaffer fil-blat f'Naqsh-e Rostam, li kien ilu jħejji. Kitba mnaqqxa fuq il-qabar tiegħu tintroduċih bħala "Re Kbir, Re tar-Rejiet, Re ta' pajjiżi b'kull xorta ta' rġiel, Re bil-kbir u fil-wisa' f'din id-dinja, iben Hystaspes, Achemenidu, Persjan, iben Persjan, Arjan, ta' nisel Arjan". Riljiev taħt il-qabar tiegħu li juri l-ġlied li sar riekeb fuq żiemel tnaqqax iktar 'il quddiem matul ir-renju tar-Re tar-Rejiet Sassanid, [[Bahram II]] (<abbr>li rrenja</abbr> fil-274–293 [[WK|W.K]].). Xerxes, l-ikbar iben ta' Darius u Atossa, sar is-suċċessur għat-tron bħala Xerxes I; qabel l-aċċess tiegħu għat-tron, huwa kien ikkontesta s-suċċessjoni ma' ħuh tar-rispett ikbar minnu Artobarzanes, l-ikbar iben fost is-subien kollha ta' Darius, li kien twieled mingħand l-ewwel mara tiegħu qabel ma Darius kiseb il-poter. Bl-aċċess għat-tron ta' Xerxes, l-imperu reġa' ġie mmexxi minn membru tal-familja ta' Ċiru. == Governanza == [[Stampa:Tribute in the Achaemenid Empire.jpg|daqsminuri|Il-volum ta' tributi annwali skont kull distrett fl-Imperu tal-Akemenidi.]] === Organizzazzjoni === Kmieni fir-renju tiegħu, Darius ried jorganizza mill-ġdid l-istruttura tal-imperu u jirriforma s-sistema tat-tassazzjoni li wiret mingħand Ċiru u Cambyses. Sabiex jagħmel dan, Darius ħoloq għoxrin provinċja msejħa satrapati (jew ''archi'') li ġew assenjati satrap (''archon'') kull waħda u speċifika tributi fissi li s-satrapati kienu meħtieġa jħallsu. Lista sħiħa ġiet ippreservata fil-katalogu ta' Erodotu, l-ewwel u qabel kollox b'Jonja, elenkata mas-satrapati l-oħra mill-Punent għal-Lvant, għajr Persis, li kienet l-art tal-Persjani u l-unika provinċja li ma kinitx art maħkuma. It-tributi tħallsu f'biċċiet tal-fidda u tad-deheb. It-tributi f'biċċiet tal-fidda minn kull satrap kienu jitkejlu bil-biċċiet Babiloniżi. It-tributi mħallsa f'biċċiet tad-deheb kienu jitkejlu bil-biċċiet Ewbojċi. It-tributi totali mis-satrapi ammontaw għal inqas minn 15,000 biċċa tal-fidda. Il-maġġoranza tas-satrapi kienu ta' oriġini Persjana u kienu membri tal-familja rjali jew tal-familji tas-sitt nobbli kbar. Dawn is-satrapi ntgħażlu personalment minn Darius biex jimmonitorjaw dawn il-provinċji. Kull waħda mill-provinċji ġiet maqsuma f'sottoprovinċji, kull waħda bil-gvernatur tagħha stess, li kien jintgħażel mill-qorti rjali jew mis-satrap. Sabiex jiġu vvalutati t-tributi, kienu jiġu evalwati l-ispejjeż u d-dħul ta' kull satrap. Sabiex jiġi żgurat li persuna waħda ma tiksibx wisq poter, kull satrap kellu segretarju, li kien josserva l-affarijiet tal-istat u kien jikkomunika ma' Darius; teżorier, li kien jissalvagwardja id-dħul provinċjali; u kmandant tal-gwarniġjon, li kien responsabbli għat-truppi. L-ispetturi rjali, li kienu l-"għajnejn u l-widnejn" ta' Darius, kienu jwettqu kontrolli ulterjuri fuq kull satrap. L-amministrazzjoni imperjali kienet ikkoordinata minn qisu reġistrar b'kwartieri ġenerali f'Persepolis, f'Susa u fil-Babilonja, b'fergħat f'Baktrija, f'Ecbatana, f'Sardis, f'Dascylium u f'Memphis. Darius żamm l-Aramajk bħala l-lingwa komuni, li f'qasir żmien infirxet madwar l-imperu kollu. Darius laqqa' grupp ta' studjużi biex joħolqu sistema ta' lingwa separata użata biss għal Persis u l-Persjani, li ġiet imsejħa l-kitba Arjana u kienet tintuża biss għall-kitbiet uffiċjali. Qabel dan, il-kisbiet tar-re kienu jiġu indirizzati bil-Persjan biss permezz ta' narrazzjoni u inni, u permezz tal-"mastri tal-memorja". L-istorja orali baqgħet taqdi rwol importanti matul l-istorja kollha tal-Iran. === Ekonomija === [[Stampa:Daric coin of the Achaemenid Empire (Darius I to Xerxes II).jpg|daqsminuri|Munita darika tad-deheb izzekkata f'Sardis.]] Darius introduċa munita universali ġdida, il-munita ''darika'', kemxejn qabel il-500 Q.K. Qabel l-introduzzjoni tagħha, il-pagamenti kienu jsiru bi tpartit jew b'muniti użati zekkati f'Lidja jew fi bliet Joniċi oħra. Darius uża s-sistema taz-zekkar tal-muniti bħala munita transnazzjonali biex jirregola l-kummerċ u n-negozju fl-imperu kollu tiegħu. Il-munita darika kienet rikonoxxuta wkoll lil hinn mill-fruntieri tal-imperu, f'postijiet bħall-Ewropa Ċentrali Ċeltika u l-[[Ewropa tal-Lvant|Lvant tal-Ewropa]]. Hemm żewġ tipi ta' muniti dariċi, il-munita darika tad-deheb u l-munita darika tal-fidda. Ir-re biss seta' jizzekka l-muniti dariċi tad-deheb. Il-ġenerali importanti u s-satrapi kienu jizzekkaw il-muniti dariċi tal-fidda, normalment għar-reklutaġġ ta' merċenarji Griegi fl-Anatolja. Il-munita darika kienet spinta kbira għall-kummerċ internazzjonali. L-oġġetti kkummerċjalizzati bħat-tessuti, it-twapet, l-għodod u l-oġġetti tal-metall bdew jivvjaġġaw madwar l-Asja, l-Ewropa u l-Afrika. Il-munita darika tejbet ukoll id-dħul tal-gvern peress li l-introduzzjoni tal-munita darika għamlitha iktar faċli li jinġabru taxxi ġodda fuq l-art, il-bhejjem u s-swieq. Din wasslet għar-reġistrazzjoni tal-art li kienet titkejjel u mbagħad tiġi intaxxata. Iż-żieda fid-dħul tal-gvern għenet biex tinżamm u tittejjeb l-infrastruttura eżistenti u għenet biex jiġu ffinanzjati l-proġetti tal-irrigazzjoni fl-artijiet nexfin. Din is-sistema l-ġdida tat-taxxa wasslet ukoll għall-formazzjoni tas-sistema bankarja statali u għall-ħolqien ta' ditti bankarji. Waħda mill-iżjed ditti bankarji famużi kienet dik tal-Aħwa Subien Murashu, ibbażata fil-belt Babiloniża ta' [[Nippur]]. Dawn id-ditti bankarji kienu jipprovdu self u kreditu lill-klijenti tagħhom. Bħala sforz biex ikompli jtejjeb il-kummerċ, Darius bena kanali, mogħdijiet tal-ilma taħt l-art u qawwa navali b'saħħitha. Skont Erodotu, it-teknoloġija tal-irrigazzjoni bil-[[qanat]] ġiet introdotta fl-Eġittu, u dan ġie appoġġat mill-istoriku [[Albert T. Olmstead]]. Huwa kompla jtejjeb u jwessa' n-network ta' toroq u l-istazzjonijiet tul ir-rotot kummerċjali fl-imperu kollu, biex b'hekk ikun hemm sistema ta' awtorizzazzjoni tal-ivvjaġġar għar-Re, għas-satrapi u għall-uffiċjali għoljin l-oħra, li kienet tintitola lill-vjaġġatur jieħu provvisti f'postijiet ta' waqfa ta' kuljum. === [[Reliġjon]] === [[Stampa:Behistun Darius the Great.jpg|nofs|daqsminuri|Darius il-Kbir bil-kuruna fl-Għolja ta' Behistun.]] <blockquote>"Bil-grazzja ta' Ahuramazda jien ir-re; Ahuramazda tani r-renju". — Darius, fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun.</blockquote>Filwaqt li ma hemm l-ebda konsensus ġenerali fost l-istudjużi dwar jekk Darius u l-predeċessuri tiegħu kinux influwenzati miż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]], huwa stabbilit sew li Darius kien jemmen bis-sħiħ f'Ahura Mazda, li kien iqis bħala divinità suprema. Madankollu, id-divinità Ahura Mazda kienet meqjuma wkoll minn dawk li kienu jsegwu t-tradizzjoni reliġjuża Indo-Iranjana. Bħalma wieħed jista' jara fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun, Darius kien jemmen li d-divinità Ahura Mazda kienet ħatritu biex jirrenja fuq l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi. Darius kellu twemmin [[Filosofija|filosofiku]] doppju u kien jemmen li kull ribelljoni fir-renju tiegħu kienet xogħol id-''druj'', l-għadu ta' Asha. Darius kien jemmen dan peress li kien iħares is-sewwa skont it-twemmin ta' Asha, u b'hekk id-divinità Ahura Mazda kienet tappoġġah. F'bosta kitbiet kunejformi li jelenkaw il-kisbiet tiegħu, huwa jippreżenta lilu nnifsu bħala devot, x'aktarx saħansitra konvint, li kellu d-dritt divin li jirrenja fuq id-dinja kollha. F'kitba minnhom huwa jikteb: "Ahura Mazda tiegħi, jien ta' Ahura Mazda". Fl-artijiet li nħakmu mill-imperu tiegħu, Darius adotta l-istess tolleranza tal-Akemenidi li Ċiru kien wera u li wrew ir-rejiet Akemenidi ta' warajh. Huwa appoġġa reliġjonijiet u twemmin "aljeni" sakemm il-fidili tagħhom "jissottomettu taħt il-kmand tiegħu u jkunu paċifiċi", u xi kultant tahom għotjiet mit-teżor tiegħu għall-iskopijiet tagħhom. Huwa kien iffinanzja r-restawr tat-tempju Iżraelit li oriġinarjament kien ġie ordnat b'digriet minn Ċiru, appoġġa l-kulti Griegi kif wieħed jista' jara fl-ittra tiegħu lil Gadatas, u appoġġa lill-patijiet Elamiti. Huwa osserva wkoll riti reliġjużi Eġizzjani relatati mar-rejiet u bena t-tempju għall-alla Eġizzjan Amun. === Proġetti ta' kostruzzjoni === [[Stampa:History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia and Assyria (1903) (14584070300).jpg|daqsminuri|Tpinġija ta' rikostruzzjoni tal-Palazz ta' Darius f'Susa.]] Minn kmieni, Darius u l-konsulenti tiegħu kellhom l-idea li jistabbilixxu residenzi rjali ġodda f'Susa u f'Persepolis peress li Darius kien ħerqan li juri l-poter li kien għadu kemm stabbilixxa u jħalli warajh legat dejjiemi. Mill-ħakma ta' Ċiru, il-konfigurazzjoni urbana ta' Susa baqgħet kif kienet, bil-konfigurazzjoni ta' żmien l-Elamiti. L-evidenza [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] f'Susa turina li matul it-tmexxija ta' Darius biss beda jkun hemm sinjali ta' konfigurazzjoni ta' żmien l-Akemenidi. [[Stampa:Persepolis - Tachara 01.jpg|daqsminuri|Il-fdalijiet tal-Palazz ta' Tachara f'Persepolis.]] Matul l-ispedizzjoni Griega ta' Darius, huwa beda proġetti ta' kostruzzjoni f'Susa, fl-Eġittu u f'Persepolis. Il-Kanal ta' Darius li kkollega n-[[Nil]] mal-[[Baħar l-Aħmar]] inbena minnu. Kien estiż minn Zagazig moderna fil-Lvant tad-Delta tan-Nil sa Wadi Tumilat, il-Lag ta' Timsah u l-Lag Morr il-Kbir, qrib il-Kanal ta' Suez modern. Sabiex jiftaħ dan il-kanal, huwa vvjaġġa lejn l-Eġittu fl-497 Q.K., fejn saret l-inawgurazzjoni b'ħafna briju u ċelebrazzjonijiet. Darius bena wkoll kanal biex jikkollega l-Baħar l-Aħmar u l-[[Mediterran]]. Fiż-żjara tiegħu lejn l-Eġittu, Darius tella' monumenti u ordna li Aryandes jiġi ġustizzjat bl-akkuża ta' tradiment. Meta Darius reġa' lura lejn Persis, huwa sab li l-kodifikazzjoni tal-liġi Eġizzjana kienet intemmet. Darius tejjeb ir-Rotta Rjali, u biddilha f'network ta' toroq b'komunikazzjoni timxi ħarir, b'servizzi ta' soġġorn f'intervalli regolari. [[Stampa:Flickr - isawnyu - Hibis, Temple Decorations (III).jpg|daqsminuri|Darius bħala l-Faragħun tal-Eġittu, fit-Tempju ta' Hibis.]] Fl-Eġittu, Darius bena bosta tempji u rrestawra dawk li kienu nqerdu qabel. Minkejja li Darius kien jemmen fid-divinità Ahura Mazda, huwa bena tempji ddedikati lill-allat tar-reliġjon tal-[[Eġittu tal-qedem|Eġittu tal-Qedem]]. Instabu diversi tempji ddedikati lil Ptah u lil Nekhbet. Darius ħoloq ukoll diversi toroq u rotot fl-Eġittu. Il-monumenti mibnija minn Darius spiss kien ikollhom kitbiet imnaqqxin bil-lingwi uffiċjali tal-Imperu Persjan, bil-Persjan Antik, bl-Elamit u bil-Babiloniż, kif ukoll bil-[[ġeroglifiċi Eġizzjani]]. Huwa ordna wkoll il-ħolqien tal-kitba kunejformi bil-Persjan Antik. Sabiex jibni dawn il-monumenti, Darius impjega għadd kbir ta' ħaddiema u ta' artiġjani ta' nazzjonalitajiet differenti. Bosta minn dawn il-ħaddiema ġew deportati u impjegati apposta għal dawn il-proġetti. Dawn id-deportati tejbu l-ekonomija tal-imperu u tejbu r-relazzjonijiet interkulturali. Fi żmien il-mewt ta' Darius, kien hemm proġetti ta' kostruzzjoni li kienu għadhom għaddejjin. Xerxes lesta dawn ix-xogħlijiet u f'xi każijiet kabbar il-proġetti ta' missieru billi bena binjiet ġodda tiegħu stess. == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Twieldu fil-550 Q.K.]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-486 Q.K.]] [[Kategorija:Monarki]] [[Kategorija:Iran]] [[Kategorija:Faragħuni]] i4fer5quqfa3y741i8hcktvbxkhr66r 0 34495 330776 330773 2026-06-29T12:12:26Z Trigcly 17859 /* Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri */ 330776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn Ecbatana biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === The details of Ċiru's death vary by account. Ctesias, in his ''Persica'', has the longest account, which says Ċiru met his death while putting down resistance from the Derbices infantry, aided by other Scythian archers and cavalry, plus Indians and their war elephants. According to him, this event took place northeast of the headwaters of the Syr Darya. The account of Herodotus from his ''Histories'' provides the second-longest detail, in which Ċiru met his fate in a fierce battle with the Massagetae, a Scythian tribal confederation from the southern deserts of Khwarezm and Kyzyl Kum in the southernmost portion of the Eurasian Steppe regions of modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, following the advice of Croesus to attack them in their own territory. The Massagetae were related to the Scythians in their dress and mode of living; they fought on horseback and on foot. In order to acquire her realm, Ċiru first sent an offer of marriage to their ruler, the queen Tomyris, a proposal she rejected.^{[''citation needed'']} He then commenced his attempt to take Massagetae territory by force (c. 529 Q.K.), beginning by building bridges and towered war boats along his side of the river Oxus, or Amu Darya, which separated them. Sending him a warning to cease his encroachment (a warning which she stated she expected he would disregard anyway), Tomyris challenged him to meet her forces in honorable warfare, inviting him to a location in her country a day's march from the river, where their two armies would formally engage each other. He accepted her offer, but, learning that the Massagetae were unfamiliar with wine and its intoxicating effects, he set up and then left camp with plenty of it behind, taking his best soldiers with him and leaving the least capable ones. The general of Tomyris's army, Spargapises, who was also her son, and a third of the Massagetian troops, killed the group Ċiru had left there and, finding the camp well stocked with food and the wine, unwittingly drank themselves into inebriation, diminishing their capability to defend themselves when they were then overtaken by a surprise attack. They were successfully defeated, and, although he was taken prisoner, Spargapises committed suicide once he regained sobriety. Upon learning of what had transpired, Tomyris denounced Ċiru's tactics as underhanded and swore vengeance, leading a second wave of troops into battle herself. Ċiru l-Kbir was ultimately killed, and his forces suffered massive casualties in what Herodotus referred to as the fiercest battle of his career and the ancient world. When it was over, Tomyris ordered the body of Ċiru brought to her, then decapitated him and dipped his head in a vessel of blood in a symbolic gesture of revenge for his bloodlust and the death of her son. However, some scholars question this version, mostly because even Herodotus admits this event was one of many versions of Ċiru's death that he heard from a supposedly reliable source who told him no one was there to see the aftermath. Herodotus also recounts that Ċiru saw in his sleep the oldest son of Hystaspes (Darius I) with wings upon his shoulders, shadowing with the one wing Asia, and with the other wing Europe. Archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan explains this statement by Herodotus and its connection with the four winged bas-relief figure of Ċiru l-Kbir in the following way:<blockquote>Herodotus therefore, as I surmise, may have known of the close connection between this type of winged figure and the image of Iranian majesty, which he associated with a dream prognosticating the king's death before his last, fatal campaign across the Oxus.</blockquote>Muhammad Dandamayev says that Persians may have taken Ċiru's body back from the Massagetae, unlike what Herodotus claimed. According to the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian (AD 1166–1199) Ċiru was killed by his wife Tomyris, queen of the Massagetae (Maksata), in the 60th year of Jewish captivity. An alternative account from Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'' contradicts the others, claiming that Ċiru died peacefully at his capital. The final version of Ċiru's death comes from Berossus, who only reports that Ċiru met his death while warring against the Dahae archers northwest of the headwaters of the Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Ċiru l-Kbir's remains may have been interred in his capital city of Pasargadae, where today a limestone tomb (built around 540–530 Q.K.) still exists, which many believe to be his. Strabo and Arrian give nearly identical descriptions of the tomb, based on the eyewitness report of Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who at the request of Alexander the Great visited the tomb twice. Though the city itself is now in ruins, the burial place of Ċiru l-Kbir has remained largely intact, and the tomb has been partially restored to counter its natural deterioration over the centuries. According to Plutarch, his epitaph read:<blockquote>O man, whoever you are and wherever you come from, for I know you will come, I am Ċiru who won the Persians their empire. Do not therefore begrudge me this bit of earth that covers my bones.</blockquote>Cuneiform evidence from Babylon proves that Ċiru died around December 530 Q.K., and that his son Cambyses II had become king. Cambyses continued his father's policy of expansion, and captured Egypt for the Empire, but soon died after only seven years of rule. He was succeeded either by Ċiru's other son Bardiya or an impostor posing as Bardiya, who became the sole ruler of Persia for seven months, until he was killed by Darius the Great. The translated ancient Roman and Greek accounts give a vivid description of the tomb both geometrically and aesthetically; the tomb's geometric shape has changed little over the years, still maintaining a large stone of quadrangular form at the base, followed by a pyramidal succession of smaller rectangular stones, until after a few slabs, the structure is curtailed by an edifice, with an arched roof composed of a pyramidal shaped stone, and a small opening or window on the side, where the slenderest man could barely squeeze through. Within this edifice was a golden coffin, resting on a table with golden supports, inside of which the body of Ċiru l-Kbir was interred. Upon his resting place, was a covering of tapestry and drapes made from the best available Babylonian materials, utilizing fine Median worksmanship; below his bed was a fine red carpet, covering the narrow rectangular area of his tomb. Translated Greek accounts describe the tomb as having been placed in the fertile Pasargadae gardens, surrounded by trees and ornamental shrubs, with a group of Achaemenian protectors called the "Magi", stationed nearby to protect the edifice from theft or damage. Years later, in the chaos created by Alexander the Great's invasion of Persia and after the defeat of Darius III, Ċiru l-Kbir's tomb was broken into and most of its luxuries were looted. When Alexander reached the tomb, he was horrified by the manner in which the tomb was treated, and questioned the Magi and put them to court. On some accounts, Alexander's decision to put the Magi on trial was more about his attempt to undermine their influence and his show of power in his newly conquered empire, than a concern for Ċiru's tomb. However, Alexander admired Ċiru, from an early age reading Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'', which described Ċiru's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. In any case, Alexander ordered Aristobulus to improve the tomb's condition and restore its interior. Despite his admiration for Ċiru l-Kbir, and his attempts at renovation of his tomb, Alexander had, six years previously (330 Q.K.), sacked Persepolis, the opulent city that Ċiru may have chosen the site for, and either ordered its burning as an act of pro-Greek propaganda or set it on fire during drunken revels. The edifice has survived the test of time, through invasions, internal divisions, successive empires, regime changes, and revolutions. The last prominent Persian figure to bring attention to the tomb was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Shah of Iran) the last official monarch of Persia, during his celebrations of 2,500 years of monarchy. Just as Alexander the Great before him, the Shah of Iran wanted to appeal to Ċiru's legacy to legitimize his own rule by extension. The United Nations recognizes the tomb of Ċiru l-Kbir and Pasargadae as a UNESCO World Heritage site. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === British historian Charles Freeman suggests that "In scope and extent his achievements [Ċiru] ranked far above that of the Macedonian king, Alexander, who was to demolish the [Achaemenid] empire in the 320s but fail to provide any stable alternative." Ċiru has been a personal hero to many people, including Thomas Jefferson, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and David Ben-Gurion. The achievements of Ċiru l-Kbir throughout antiquity are reflected in the way he is remembered today. His own nation, the Iranians, have regarded him as "The Father", the very title that had been used during the time of Ċiru himself, by the many nations that he conquered, as according to Xenophon: Ċiru's standard, described as a golden eagle mounted upon a "lofty shaft", remained the official banner of the Achaemenids.<blockquote>And those who were subject to him, he treated with esteem and regard, as if they were his own children, while his subjects themselves respected Ċiru as their "Father" ... What other man but 'Ċiru', after having overturned an empire, ever died with the title of "The Father" from the people whom he had brought under his power? For it is plain fact that this is a name for one that bestows, rather than for one that takes away!</blockquote>The historian Plutarch (<abbr>c.</abbr> 46 – c. 119 AD) tells that "the Persians, because Ċiru was hook-nosed, even to this day love hook-nosed men and consider them the most handsome". The Babylonians regarded him as "The Liberator", as they were offended by their previous ruler, Nabonidus, for committing sacrilege. The Book of Ezra narrates a story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Ċiru, in which Ċiru proclaims: "All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of heaven, given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah."(Ezra 1:2) Ċiru was distinguished equally as a statesman and as a soldier. Due in part to the political infrastructure he created, the Achaemenid Empire endured long after his death.^{[''citation needed'']} The rise of Persia under Ċiru's rule had a profound impact on the course of world history, including in forms of Iranian philosophy, literature and religion. Many of the Iranian dynasties following the Achaemenid Empire and their kings saw themselves as the heirs to Ċiru l-Kbir and have claimed to continue the line begun by Ċiru. However, there are different opinions among scholars whether this is also the case for the Sassanid Dynasty. Alexander the Great was himself infatuated with and admired Ċiru l-Kbir, from an early age reading Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'', which described Ċiru's heroism in battle and governance and his abilities as a king and a legislator. During his visit to Pasargadae he ordered Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Ċiru's tomb. Ċiru's legacy has been felt even as far away as Iceland and colonial America. Many of the thinkers and rulers of Classical Antiquity as well as the Renaissance and Enlightenment era, and the forefathers of the United States of America sought inspiration from Ċiru l-Kbir through works such as ''Cyropaedia''. Thomas Jefferson, for example, owned two copies of ''Cyropaedia'', one with parallel Greek and Latin translations on facing pages showing substantial Jefferson markings that signify the amount of influence the book has had on drafting the United States Declaration of Independence. According to Professor Richard Nelson Frye, Ċiru—whose abilities as conqueror and administrator Frye says are attested by the longevity and vigor of the Achaemenid Empire—held an almost mythic role among the Persian people "similar to that of Romulus and Remus in Rome or Moses for the Israelites", with a story that "follows in many details the stories of hero and conquerors from elsewhere in the ancient world." Frye writes, "He became the epitome of the great qualities expected of a ruler in antiquity, and he assumed heroic features as a conqueror who was tolerant and magnanimous as well as brave and daring. His personality as seen by the Greeks influenced them and Alexander the Great, and, as the tradition was transmitted by the Romans, may be considered to influence our thinking even now." His rule was studied and admired by many of the great leaders, such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru founded the empire as a multi-state empire governed by four capital states; Pasargadae, Babylon, Susa and Ecbatana. He allowed a certain amount of regional autonomy in each state, in the form of a satrapy system. A satrapy was an administrative unit, usually organized on a geographical basis. A 'satrap' (governor) was the vassal king, who administered the region, a 'general' supervised military recruitment and ensured order, and a 'state secretary' kept the official records. The general and the state secretary reported directly to the satrap as well as the central government.^{[''citation needed'']} During his reign, Ċiru maintained control over a vast region of conquered kingdoms, achieved through retaining and expanding the satrapies. Further organization of newly conquered territories into provinces ruled by satraps was continued by Ċiru's successor, Darius the Great. ==== Strateġija militari ==== Ċiru's empire was based on tribute and conscripts from the many parts of his realm. Through his military savvy, Ċiru created an organized army including the Immortals unit, consisting of 10,000 highly trained soldiers. Ċiru's conquests began a new era in the age of empire building, where a vast superstate, comprising many dozens of countries, races, religions, and languages, were ruled under a single administration headed by a central government. This system lasted for centuries, and was retained both by the invading Seleucid dynasty during their control of Persia, and later Iranian dynasties including the Parthians and Sasanians. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru has been known for his innovations in building projects; he further developed the technologies that he found in the conquered cultures and applied them in building the palaces of Pasargadae. He was also famous for his love of gardens; the recent excavations in his capital city has revealed the existence of the Pasargadae Persian Garden and a network of irrigation canals. Pasargadae was a place for two magnificent palaces surrounded by a majestic royal park and vast formal gardens; among them was the four-quartered wall gardens of "Paradisia" with over 1000 meters of channels made out of carved limestone, designed to fill small basins at every 16 meters and water various types of wild and domestic flora. The design and concept of Paradisia were exceptional and have been used as a model for many ancient and modern parks, ever since. He also formed an innovative postal system throughout the empire, based on several relay stations called Chapar Khaneh. In 1658, while the Protectorate of Cromwell ruled Britain, the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne penned a discourse entitled The Garden of Ċiru, in which Ċiru is depicted as an archetypal wise ruler. However, despite being featured in the title, Ċiru was not a main focus of Browne's work. "Ċiru the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his education, and brought the treasures of the field into rule and circum-scription. So nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the author thereof." ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== The use of the name ''Kuruş'' as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century Q.K., dating to the time of the Croeseid, the world's first gold coin, originally minted by King Croesus of Lydia. The Croeseid was later continued to be minted and spread in a wide geographical area by Ċiru l-Kbir (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra in 547 Q.K.. Ċiru (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same ''lion and bull'' design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Ċiru's time is the Ċiru Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 Q.K.. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London. The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Ċiru as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Ċiru had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy. In the 1970s, the Shah of Iran adopted the Ċiru cylinder as a political symbol, using it "as a central image in his celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy", and asserting that it was "the first human rights charter in history". This view has been disputed by some as "rather anachronistic" and tendentious, as the modern concept of human rights would have been quite alien to Ċiru's contemporaries and is not mentioned by the cylinder. The cylinder has, nonetheless, become seen as part of Iran's cultural identity. The United Nations has declared the relic to be an "ancient declaration of human rights" since 1971, approved by then Secretary General Sithu U Thant, after he "was given a replica by the sister of the Shah of Iran". The British Museum describes the cylinder as "an instrument of ancient Mesopotamian propaganda" that "reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium Q.K., kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms." The cylinder emphasizes Ċiru's continuity with previous Babylonian rulers, asserting his virtue as a traditional Babylonian king while denigrating his predecessor. Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, has stated that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft." He explained that "It has even been described as the first declaration of human rights, and while this was never the intention of the document – the modern concept of human rights scarcely existed in the ancient world – it has come to embody the hopes and aspirations of many." === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== French Iranologist Pierre Briant wrote that, given the poor information we have, "it seems quite reckless to try to reconstruct what the religion of Ċiru might have been." It is also debated whether he was a Zoroastrian or whether Zoroastrianism only becomes involved as the Achaemenid state religion after his lifetime. The evidence in favour of it comes from some of the names of members of Ċiru's family, and similarities between the description of Yahweh in Isaiah 40–48 (which was after Isaiah came into contact with a Persian propagandist under Ċiru's administration who was Zoroastrian) and that of Ahura Mazda in the Gathas. Against the thesis is how Ċiru permitted total freedom of religion and provided funding for the establishment of their temples and other holy sites, as well as a possible late-date for the activity of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, who founded Zoroastrianism. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== The policies of Ċiru with respect to treatment of minority religions are documented in many historical accounts, particularly in Babylonian and Jewish sources. Ċiru had a general policy of religious tolerance throughout his vast empire. Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as American historian Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed. He brought peace to the Babylonians and is said to have kept his army away from the temples and restored the statues of the Babylonian gods to their sanctuaries. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== Information about religion and ritual during the reign of Ċiru is also available from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, the Histories of Herodotus, and inscriptions, though these were written in later periods and so must be used carefully. The Ċiru Cylinder was composed in the name of Ċiru with him as the first-person speaker. The Cylinder is highly religious and is framed around the interventions of the Babylonian national god Marduk. It is Marduk who is praised in the outset of the text and whose direct intervention is thought to be responsible for what happened in recent history, and it is Marduk who summons Ċiru for the purpose of righting the wrongs of his predecessor Nabonidus. Furthermore, Ċiru offers respect not only to the cult of Marduk, but also to local cults. One inscription from Uruk states "(Ċiru) loves Esangil and Ezida" while another from Ur mentions that he "returned the gods to their shrines." Another from Babylon or Sippar says that unlike Nabonidus, Ċiru provided proper and even increased the sacrifices for the gods. Additional reliable information may come from the funerary customs around the tomb of Ċiru, which indicates a privileged cult honouring the Iranian god Mithra. Some have also identified the figure depicted in the bas-relief from Pasargadae as Mithra, further indicating the reverence of Ċiru for this deity. Additional evidence further indicates the connection between Ċiru and Mithra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== The treatment of the Jewish people by Ċiru during their exile in Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Kingdom of Judah is reported in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). Ċiru is represented positively and as an agent of Yahweh, even though he is said to "not know" Yahweh (Isaiah 45:4–5). The Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of Ċiru, which returned the exiles to the Land of Israel from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem in light of Solomon's Temple having been destroyed by Babylonian armies.<blockquote>Thus saith Ċiru, king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of Heaven given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people – the LORD, his God, be with him – let him go there. – (2 Chronicles 36:23)</blockquote>This edict is also fully reproduced in the Book of Ezra.<blockquote>In the first year of King Ċiru, Ċiru the king issued a decree: "Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. And let the cost be paid from the royal treasury. Also let the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God." – (Ezra 6:3–5)</blockquote>The Jews honored him as a dignified and righteous king. In one Biblical passage, Isaiah refers to him as Messiah (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'His anointed one') (Isaiah 45:1), making him the only gentile to be so referred. Elsewhere in Isaiah, God is described as saying, "I will raise up Ċiru in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says God Almighty." (Isaiah 45:13) As the text suggests, Ċiru did ultimately release the nation of Israel from its exile without compensation or tribute. These particular passages (Isaiah 40–55, often referred to as ''Deutero-Isaiah'') are believed by most modern critical scholars to have been added by another author toward the end of the Babylonian exile (''c.'' 536 Q.K.). Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, relates the traditional view of the Jews regarding the prediction of Ċiru in Isaiah in his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', book 11, chapter 1:<blockquote>In the first year of the reign of Ċiru, which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity. And these things God did afford them; for he stirred up the mind of Ċiru, and made him write this throughout all Asia: "Thus saith Ċiru the king: Since God Almighty hath appointed me to be king of the habitable earth, I believe that he is that God which the nation of the Israelites worship; for indeed he foretold my name by the prophets, and that I should build him a house at Jerusalem, in the country of Judea." This was known to Ċiru by his reading the book which Isaiah left behind him of his prophecies; for this prophet said that God had spoken thus to him in a secret vision: "My will is, that Ċiru, whom I have appointed to be king over many and great nations, send back my people to their own land, and build my temple." This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Accordingly, when Ċiru read this, and admired the Divine power, an earnest desire and ambition seized upon him to fulfill what was so written; so he called for the most eminent Jews that were in Babylon, and said to them, that he gave them leave to go back to their own country, and to rebuild their city Jerusalem, and the temple of God, for that he would be their assistant, and that he would write to the rulers and governors that were in the neighborhood of their country of Judea, that they should contribute to them gold and silver for the building of the temple, and besides that, beasts for their sacrifices.</blockquote>While Ċiru is praised in the Tanakh (Isaiah 45:1–6 and Ezra 1:1–11), there was Jewish criticism of him after he was lied to by the Cuthites, who wanted to halt the building of the Second Temple. They accused the Jews of conspiring to rebel, so Ċiru in turn stopped the construction, which would not be completed until 515 Q.K., during the reign of Darius I. According to the Bible, it was King Artaxerxes who was convinced to stop the construction of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7–24). The historical nature of this decree has been challenged. Professor Lester L Grabbe argues that there was no decree but that there was a policy that allowed exiles to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. Philip R. Davies called the authenticity of the decree "dubious", citing Grabbe and adding that arguing against "the authenticity of Ezra 1.1–4 is J. Briend, in a paper given at the Institut Catholique de Paris on 15 December 1993, who denies that it resembles the form of an official document but reflects rather biblical prophetic idiom." Mary Joan Winn Leith believes that the decree in Ezra might be authentic and along with the Cylinder that Ċiru, like earlier rulers, was through these decrees trying to gain support from those who might be strategically important, particularly those close to Egypt which he wished to conquer. She also wrote that "appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control." ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura Iżlamika ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == erfnzgzy0vfmx56l3gvgz0l1jaf04nu 330779 330776 2026-06-29T12:41:32Z Trigcly 17859 /* Mewt */ 330779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn Ecbatana biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === Id-dettalji dwar il-mewt ta' Ċiru jvarjaw minn rakkont għal ieħor. Ċtesju, fil-''Persica'' tiegħu, għandu l-itwal rakkont, fejn jgħid li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jgħakkes ir-reżistenza tas-suldati ta' Derbices, megħjun minn arċiera u suldati Xitjani oħra rekbin iż-żwiemel, kif ukoll Indjani flimkien mal-[[Iljunfant|iljunfanti]] tal-gwerra tagħhom. Skontu, dan l-avveniment seħħ fil-Grigal tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. Ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu minn ''L-Istorji'' tiegħu jipprovdi t-tieni l-itwal dettall, fejn Ċiru miet f'battalja qalila mal-Massageti, konfederazzjoni tribali Xitjana mid-deżerti tan-Nofsinhar ta' Khwarezm u ta' Kyzyl Kum fl-iktar parti fin-Nofsinhar tar-reġjuni tal-Isteppa Ewrasjatika tal-[[Każakistan]] u tal-[[Użbekistan]] moderni, skont il-parir ta' Croesus biex jattakkahom fit-territorju tagħhom stess. Il-Massageti kienu relatati max-Xitjani fl-ilbies u fl-istil ta' ħajja tagħhom; kien jiġġieldu rekbin iż-żwiemel u mingħajr żwiemel. Sabiex jirbaħ l-approvazzjoni tagħha, Ċiru l-ewwel bagħat offerta ta' żwieġ lill-mexxejja tagħhom, ir-reġina Tomyris, iżda hi ma laqgħetx il-prosposta. Imbagħad hu beda t-tentattiv tiegħu li jieħu t-territorju tal-Massageti bil-forza (għall-ħabta tal-529 Q.K.), l-ewwel nett billi jibni pontijiet u dgħajjes tal-gwerra għoljin man-naħa tiegħu tax-xmara Oxus jew Amu Darya, li kienet tisseparahom. Ir-reġina tal-Massageti bagħtet twissija biex ma joqrobx iktar (twissija li stqarret li kienet qed tistenna li ma titqiesx xorta waħda), u wara Tomyris sfidatu biex jiltaqa' mal-qawwiet tagħha fi gwerra onorevoli, u stednitu f'post f'pajjiżha jum ta' mmarċjar 'il bogħod mix-xmara, fejn iż-żewġ armati tagħhom kellhom jiltaqgħu formalment u jiġġieldu kontra xulxin. Huwa aċċetta l-offerta tagħha, iżda kif sar jaf li l-Massageti ma kinux midħla tal-inbid u tal-effetti tiegħu, huwa lesta biex jitlaq il-kamp tiegħu u ħalla ħafna nbid warajh apposta, u ħa l-aqwa suldati tiegħu miegħu u ħalla warajh dawk li kienu l-inqas kapaċi. Il-ġeneral tal-armata ta' Tomyris, Spargapises, li kien ukoll binha, u terz tat-truppi tal-Massageti, qatlu l-grupp li Ċiru ħalla warajh, u kif sabu l-kamp mimli provvisti tal-ikel u l-inbid, mingħajr ma jafu sikru, u b'hekk ma tantx baqgħu kapaċi jiddefendu lilhom infushom meta ġew affrontati b'attakk sorpriża. B'hekk ġarrbu telfa, u għalkemm ittieħed bħala priġunier, Spargapises wettaq [[suwiċidju]] ladarba reġa' ġie f'tiegħu mis-sakra. Malli saret taf x'kien ġara, Tomyris maqdret it-tattiki ta' Ċiru bħala żleali u ħalfet li tpattihielu, u mexxiet it-tieni mewġa ta' truppi hi stess f'battalja. Ċiru l-Kbir fl-aħħar mill-aħħar inqatel, u l-qawwiet tiegħu ġarrbu bosta mwiet f'dik li Erodotu rrefera għaliha bħala l-iżjed battalja qalila tal-karriera tiegħu u tad-dinja tal-qedem. Meta ntemmet, Tomyris ordnat li l-katavru ta' Ċiru jinġieb lura għandha, imbagħad qatgħetlu rasu u billet rasu f'reċipjent ta' [[demm]] f'ġest simboliku ta' tpattija għall-kilba tiegħu u għall-mewt ta' binha. Madankollu, xi studjużi jiddubitaw din il-verżjoni, l-iktar minħabba li anke Erodotu jammetti li dan l-avveniment kien waħda mill-bosta verżjonijiet tal-mewt ta' Ċiru li kien suppost kien sema' minn sors affidabbli li qallu li ma kien hemm ħadd biex jara x'kien ġara tassew. Erodotu jirrakkonta wkoll li Ċiru fil-ħolm tiegħu ra lil ibnu l-kbir, Hystaspes (Darius I), bil-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh, bid-dell b'ġewnaħ minnhom fuq l-Asja, u bl-oħra lill-Ewropa. L-arkeologu Sir [[Max Mallowan]] jispjega din l-istqarrija ta' Erodotu u r-rabta tagħha mal-bassoriljiev tal-figura b'erba' ġwienaħ ta' Ċiru l-Kbir b'dan il-mod:<blockquote>Għaldaqstant, Erodotu nsostni li x'aktarx kien jaf bir-rabta mill-qrib ta' dan it-tip ta' figura bil-ġwienaħ u x-xbieha tal-maestà Iranjana, li huwa assoċjaha ma' ħolma li tbassarlu l-mewt tar-re qabel l-aħħar kampanja militari fatali tiegħu fix-xmara Oxus.</blockquote>[[Muhammad Dandamayev]] jgħid li l-Persjani jaf ħadu l-katavru ta' Ċiru lura mingħand il-Massageti, għad-differenza ta' dak li qal Erodotu. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Mikiel is-Sirjan (1166–1199 [[WK|W.K]].), Ċiru nqatel mill-mara tiegħu Tomyris, ir-reġina tal-Massageti (Maksata), fis-60 sena tal-jasar tal-Lhud. Rakkont ieħor miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon tikkontradixxi r-rakkonti l-oħra, u ssostni li Ċiru miet b'mod paċifiku fil-belt kapitali tiegħu. Il-verżjoni finali tal-mewt ta' Ċiru tasal mingħand Berossus, li jirrapporta biss li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jiġġieled kontra l-arċiera ta' Dahae fil-Majjistral tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Ċiru l-Kbir's remains may have been interred in his capital city of Pasargadae, where today a limestone tomb (built around 540–530 Q.K.) still exists, which many believe to be his. Strabo and Arrian give nearly identical descriptions of the tomb, based on the eyewitness report of Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who at the request of Alexander the Great visited the tomb twice. Though the city itself is now in ruins, the burial place of Ċiru l-Kbir has remained largely intact, and the tomb has been partially restored to counter its natural deterioration over the centuries. According to Plutarch, his epitaph read:<blockquote>O man, whoever you are and wherever you come from, for I know you will come, I am Ċiru who won the Persians their empire. Do not therefore begrudge me this bit of earth that covers my bones.</blockquote>Cuneiform evidence from Babylon proves that Ċiru died around December 530 Q.K., and that his son Cambyses II had become king. Cambyses continued his father's policy of expansion, and captured Egypt for the Empire, but soon died after only seven years of rule. He was succeeded either by Ċiru's other son Bardiya or an impostor posing as Bardiya, who became the sole ruler of Persia for seven months, until he was killed by Darius the Great. The translated ancient Roman and Greek accounts give a vivid description of the tomb both geometrically and aesthetically; the tomb's geometric shape has changed little over the years, still maintaining a large stone of quadrangular form at the base, followed by a pyramidal succession of smaller rectangular stones, until after a few slabs, the structure is curtailed by an edifice, with an arched roof composed of a pyramidal shaped stone, and a small opening or window on the side, where the slenderest man could barely squeeze through. Within this edifice was a golden coffin, resting on a table with golden supports, inside of which the body of Ċiru l-Kbir was interred. Upon his resting place, was a covering of tapestry and drapes made from the best available Babylonian materials, utilizing fine Median worksmanship; below his bed was a fine red carpet, covering the narrow rectangular area of his tomb. Translated Greek accounts describe the tomb as having been placed in the fertile Pasargadae gardens, surrounded by trees and ornamental shrubs, with a group of Achaemenian protectors called the "Magi", stationed nearby to protect the edifice from theft or damage. Years later, in the chaos created by Alexander the Great's invasion of Persia and after the defeat of Darius III, Ċiru l-Kbir's tomb was broken into and most of its luxuries were looted. When Alexander reached the tomb, he was horrified by the manner in which the tomb was treated, and questioned the Magi and put them to court. On some accounts, Alexander's decision to put the Magi on trial was more about his attempt to undermine their influence and his show of power in his newly conquered empire, than a concern for Ċiru's tomb. However, Alexander admired Ċiru, from an early age reading Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'', which described Ċiru's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. In any case, Alexander ordered Aristobulus to improve the tomb's condition and restore its interior. Despite his admiration for Ċiru l-Kbir, and his attempts at renovation of his tomb, Alexander had, six years previously (330 Q.K.), sacked Persepolis, the opulent city that Ċiru may have chosen the site for, and either ordered its burning as an act of pro-Greek propaganda or set it on fire during drunken revels. The edifice has survived the test of time, through invasions, internal divisions, successive empires, regime changes, and revolutions. The last prominent Persian figure to bring attention to the tomb was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Shah of Iran) the last official monarch of Persia, during his celebrations of 2,500 years of monarchy. Just as Alexander the Great before him, the Shah of Iran wanted to appeal to Ċiru's legacy to legitimize his own rule by extension. The United Nations recognizes the tomb of Ċiru l-Kbir and Pasargadae as a UNESCO World Heritage site. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === British historian Charles Freeman suggests that "In scope and extent his achievements [Ċiru] ranked far above that of the Macedonian king, Alexander, who was to demolish the [Achaemenid] empire in the 320s but fail to provide any stable alternative." Ċiru has been a personal hero to many people, including Thomas Jefferson, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and David Ben-Gurion. The achievements of Ċiru l-Kbir throughout antiquity are reflected in the way he is remembered today. His own nation, the Iranians, have regarded him as "The Father", the very title that had been used during the time of Ċiru himself, by the many nations that he conquered, as according to Xenophon: Ċiru's standard, described as a golden eagle mounted upon a "lofty shaft", remained the official banner of the Achaemenids.<blockquote>And those who were subject to him, he treated with esteem and regard, as if they were his own children, while his subjects themselves respected Ċiru as their "Father" ... What other man but 'Ċiru', after having overturned an empire, ever died with the title of "The Father" from the people whom he had brought under his power? For it is plain fact that this is a name for one that bestows, rather than for one that takes away!</blockquote>The historian Plutarch (<abbr>c.</abbr> 46 – c. 119 AD) tells that "the Persians, because Ċiru was hook-nosed, even to this day love hook-nosed men and consider them the most handsome". The Babylonians regarded him as "The Liberator", as they were offended by their previous ruler, Nabonidus, for committing sacrilege. The Book of Ezra narrates a story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Ċiru, in which Ċiru proclaims: "All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of heaven, given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah."(Ezra 1:2) Ċiru was distinguished equally as a statesman and as a soldier. Due in part to the political infrastructure he created, the Achaemenid Empire endured long after his death. The rise of Persia under Ċiru's rule had a profound impact on the course of world history, including in forms of Iranian philosophy, literature and religion. Many of the Iranian dynasties following the Achaemenid Empire and their kings saw themselves as the heirs to Ċiru l-Kbir and have claimed to continue the line begun by Ċiru. However, there are different opinions among scholars whether this is also the case for the Sassanid Dynasty. Alexander the Great was himself infatuated with and admired Ċiru l-Kbir, from an early age reading Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'', which described Ċiru's heroism in battle and governance and his abilities as a king and a legislator. During his visit to Pasargadae he ordered Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Ċiru's tomb. Ċiru's legacy has been felt even as far away as Iceland and colonial America. Many of the thinkers and rulers of Classical Antiquity as well as the Renaissance and Enlightenment era, and the forefathers of the United States of America sought inspiration from Ċiru l-Kbir through works such as ''Cyropaedia''. Thomas Jefferson, for example, owned two copies of ''Cyropaedia'', one with parallel Greek and Latin translations on facing pages showing substantial Jefferson markings that signify the amount of influence the book has had on drafting the United States Declaration of Independence. According to Professor Richard Nelson Frye, Ċiru—whose abilities as conqueror and administrator Frye says are attested by the longevity and vigor of the Achaemenid Empire—held an almost mythic role among the Persian people "similar to that of Romulus and Remus in Rome or Moses for the Israelites", with a story that "follows in many details the stories of hero and conquerors from elsewhere in the ancient world." Frye writes, "He became the epitome of the great qualities expected of a ruler in antiquity, and he assumed heroic features as a conqueror who was tolerant and magnanimous as well as brave and daring. His personality as seen by the Greeks influenced them and Alexander the Great, and, as the tradition was transmitted by the Romans, may be considered to influence our thinking even now." His rule was studied and admired by many of the great leaders, such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru founded the empire as a multi-state empire governed by four capital states; Pasargadae, Babylon, Susa and Ecbatana. He allowed a certain amount of regional autonomy in each state, in the form of a satrapy system. A satrapy was an administrative unit, usually organized on a geographical basis. A 'satrap' (governor) was the vassal king, who administered the region, a 'general' supervised military recruitment and ensured order, and a 'state secretary' kept the official records. The general and the state secretary reported directly to the satrap as well as the central government.^{[''citation needed'']} During his reign, Ċiru maintained control over a vast region of conquered kingdoms, achieved through retaining and expanding the satrapies. Further organization of newly conquered territories into provinces ruled by satraps was continued by Ċiru's successor, Darius the Great. ==== Strateġija militari ==== Ċiru's empire was based on tribute and conscripts from the many parts of his realm. Through his military savvy, Ċiru created an organized army including the Immortals unit, consisting of 10,000 highly trained soldiers. Ċiru's conquests began a new era in the age of empire building, where a vast superstate, comprising many dozens of countries, races, religions, and languages, were ruled under a single administration headed by a central government. This system lasted for centuries, and was retained both by the invading Seleucid dynasty during their control of Persia, and later Iranian dynasties including the Parthians and Sasanians. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru has been known for his innovations in building projects; he further developed the technologies that he found in the conquered cultures and applied them in building the palaces of Pasargadae. He was also famous for his love of gardens; the recent excavations in his capital city has revealed the existence of the Pasargadae Persian Garden and a network of irrigation canals. Pasargadae was a place for two magnificent palaces surrounded by a majestic royal park and vast formal gardens; among them was the four-quartered wall gardens of "Paradisia" with over 1000 meters of channels made out of carved limestone, designed to fill small basins at every 16 meters and water various types of wild and domestic flora. The design and concept of Paradisia were exceptional and have been used as a model for many ancient and modern parks, ever since. He also formed an innovative postal system throughout the empire, based on several relay stations called Chapar Khaneh. In 1658, while the Protectorate of Cromwell ruled Britain, the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne penned a discourse entitled The Garden of Ċiru, in which Ċiru is depicted as an archetypal wise ruler. However, despite being featured in the title, Ċiru was not a main focus of Browne's work. "Ċiru the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his education, and brought the treasures of the field into rule and circum-scription. So nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the author thereof." ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== The use of the name ''Kuruş'' as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century Q.K., dating to the time of the Croeseid, the world's first gold coin, originally minted by King Croesus of Lydia. The Croeseid was later continued to be minted and spread in a wide geographical area by Ċiru l-Kbir (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra in 547 Q.K.. Ċiru (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same ''lion and bull'' design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Ċiru's time is the Ċiru Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 Q.K.. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London. The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Ċiru as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Ċiru had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy. In the 1970s, the Shah of Iran adopted the Ċiru cylinder as a political symbol, using it "as a central image in his celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy", and asserting that it was "the first human rights charter in history". This view has been disputed by some as "rather anachronistic" and tendentious, as the modern concept of human rights would have been quite alien to Ċiru's contemporaries and is not mentioned by the cylinder. The cylinder has, nonetheless, become seen as part of Iran's cultural identity. The United Nations has declared the relic to be an "ancient declaration of human rights" since 1971, approved by then Secretary General Sithu U Thant, after he "was given a replica by the sister of the Shah of Iran". The British Museum describes the cylinder as "an instrument of ancient Mesopotamian propaganda" that "reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium Q.K., kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms." The cylinder emphasizes Ċiru's continuity with previous Babylonian rulers, asserting his virtue as a traditional Babylonian king while denigrating his predecessor. Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, has stated that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft." He explained that "It has even been described as the first declaration of human rights, and while this was never the intention of the document – the modern concept of human rights scarcely existed in the ancient world – it has come to embody the hopes and aspirations of many." === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== French Iranologist Pierre Briant wrote that, given the poor information we have, "it seems quite reckless to try to reconstruct what the religion of Ċiru might have been." It is also debated whether he was a Zoroastrian or whether Zoroastrianism only becomes involved as the Achaemenid state religion after his lifetime. The evidence in favour of it comes from some of the names of members of Ċiru's family, and similarities between the description of Yahweh in Isaiah 40–48 (which was after Isaiah came into contact with a Persian propagandist under Ċiru's administration who was Zoroastrian) and that of Ahura Mazda in the Gathas. Against the thesis is how Ċiru permitted total freedom of religion and provided funding for the establishment of their temples and other holy sites, as well as a possible late-date for the activity of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, who founded Zoroastrianism. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== The policies of Ċiru with respect to treatment of minority religions are documented in many historical accounts, particularly in Babylonian and Jewish sources. Ċiru had a general policy of religious tolerance throughout his vast empire. Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as American historian Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed. He brought peace to the Babylonians and is said to have kept his army away from the temples and restored the statues of the Babylonian gods to their sanctuaries. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== Information about religion and ritual during the reign of Ċiru is also available from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, the Histories of Herodotus, and inscriptions, though these were written in later periods and so must be used carefully. The Ċiru Cylinder was composed in the name of Ċiru with him as the first-person speaker. The Cylinder is highly religious and is framed around the interventions of the Babylonian national god Marduk. It is Marduk who is praised in the outset of the text and whose direct intervention is thought to be responsible for what happened in recent history, and it is Marduk who summons Ċiru for the purpose of righting the wrongs of his predecessor Nabonidus. Furthermore, Ċiru offers respect not only to the cult of Marduk, but also to local cults. One inscription from Uruk states "(Ċiru) loves Esangil and Ezida" while another from Ur mentions that he "returned the gods to their shrines." Another from Babylon or Sippar says that unlike Nabonidus, Ċiru provided proper and even increased the sacrifices for the gods. Additional reliable information may come from the funerary customs around the tomb of Ċiru, which indicates a privileged cult honouring the Iranian god Mithra. Some have also identified the figure depicted in the bas-relief from Pasargadae as Mithra, further indicating the reverence of Ċiru for this deity. Additional evidence further indicates the connection between Ċiru and Mithra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== The treatment of the Jewish people by Ċiru during their exile in Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Kingdom of Judah is reported in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). Ċiru is represented positively and as an agent of Yahweh, even though he is said to "not know" Yahweh (Isaiah 45:4–5). The Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of Ċiru, which returned the exiles to the Land of Israel from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem in light of Solomon's Temple having been destroyed by Babylonian armies.<blockquote>Thus saith Ċiru, king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of Heaven given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people – the LORD, his God, be with him – let him go there. – (2 Chronicles 36:23)</blockquote>This edict is also fully reproduced in the Book of Ezra.<blockquote>In the first year of King Ċiru, Ċiru the king issued a decree: "Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. And let the cost be paid from the royal treasury. Also let the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God." – (Ezra 6:3–5)</blockquote>The Jews honored him as a dignified and righteous king. In one Biblical passage, Isaiah refers to him as Messiah (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'His anointed one') (Isaiah 45:1), making him the only gentile to be so referred. Elsewhere in Isaiah, God is described as saying, "I will raise up Ċiru in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says God Almighty." (Isaiah 45:13) As the text suggests, Ċiru did ultimately release the nation of Israel from its exile without compensation or tribute. These particular passages (Isaiah 40–55, often referred to as ''Deutero-Isaiah'') are believed by most modern critical scholars to have been added by another author toward the end of the Babylonian exile (''c.'' 536 Q.K.). Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, relates the traditional view of the Jews regarding the prediction of Ċiru in Isaiah in his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', book 11, chapter 1:<blockquote>In the first year of the reign of Ċiru, which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity. And these things God did afford them; for he stirred up the mind of Ċiru, and made him write this throughout all Asia: "Thus saith Ċiru the king: Since God Almighty hath appointed me to be king of the habitable earth, I believe that he is that God which the nation of the Israelites worship; for indeed he foretold my name by the prophets, and that I should build him a house at Jerusalem, in the country of Judea." This was known to Ċiru by his reading the book which Isaiah left behind him of his prophecies; for this prophet said that God had spoken thus to him in a secret vision: "My will is, that Ċiru, whom I have appointed to be king over many and great nations, send back my people to their own land, and build my temple." This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Accordingly, when Ċiru read this, and admired the Divine power, an earnest desire and ambition seized upon him to fulfill what was so written; so he called for the most eminent Jews that were in Babylon, and said to them, that he gave them leave to go back to their own country, and to rebuild their city Jerusalem, and the temple of God, for that he would be their assistant, and that he would write to the rulers and governors that were in the neighborhood of their country of Judea, that they should contribute to them gold and silver for the building of the temple, and besides that, beasts for their sacrifices.</blockquote>While Ċiru is praised in the Tanakh (Isaiah 45:1–6 and Ezra 1:1–11), there was Jewish criticism of him after he was lied to by the Cuthites, who wanted to halt the building of the Second Temple. They accused the Jews of conspiring to rebel, so Ċiru in turn stopped the construction, which would not be completed until 515 Q.K., during the reign of Darius I. According to the Bible, it was King Artaxerxes who was convinced to stop the construction of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7–24). The historical nature of this decree has been challenged. Professor Lester L Grabbe argues that there was no decree but that there was a policy that allowed exiles to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. Philip R. Davies called the authenticity of the decree "dubious", citing Grabbe and adding that arguing against "the authenticity of Ezra 1.1–4 is J. Briend, in a paper given at the Institut Catholique de Paris on 15 December 1993, who denies that it resembles the form of an official document but reflects rather biblical prophetic idiom." Mary Joan Winn Leith believes that the decree in Ezra might be authentic and along with the Cylinder that Ċiru, like earlier rulers, was through these decrees trying to gain support from those who might be strategically important, particularly those close to Egypt which he wished to conquer. She also wrote that "appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control." ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura Iżlamika ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == 11ybkvkcgkjhdw9og9tyjblygjfyaja 330788 330779 2026-06-29T15:22:02Z Trigcly 17859 /* Post tad-dfin */ 330788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn Ecbatana biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === Id-dettalji dwar il-mewt ta' Ċiru jvarjaw minn rakkont għal ieħor. Ċtesju, fil-''Persica'' tiegħu, għandu l-itwal rakkont, fejn jgħid li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jgħakkes ir-reżistenza tas-suldati ta' Derbices, megħjun minn arċiera u suldati Xitjani oħra rekbin iż-żwiemel, kif ukoll Indjani flimkien mal-[[Iljunfant|iljunfanti]] tal-gwerra tagħhom. Skontu, dan l-avveniment seħħ fil-Grigal tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. Ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu minn ''L-Istorji'' tiegħu jipprovdi t-tieni l-itwal dettall, fejn Ċiru miet f'battalja qalila mal-Massageti, konfederazzjoni tribali Xitjana mid-deżerti tan-Nofsinhar ta' Khwarezm u ta' Kyzyl Kum fl-iktar parti fin-Nofsinhar tar-reġjuni tal-Isteppa Ewrasjatika tal-[[Każakistan]] u tal-[[Użbekistan]] moderni, skont il-parir ta' Croesus biex jattakkahom fit-territorju tagħhom stess. Il-Massageti kienu relatati max-Xitjani fl-ilbies u fl-istil ta' ħajja tagħhom; kien jiġġieldu rekbin iż-żwiemel u mingħajr żwiemel. Sabiex jirbaħ l-approvazzjoni tagħha, Ċiru l-ewwel bagħat offerta ta' żwieġ lill-mexxejja tagħhom, ir-reġina Tomyris, iżda hi ma laqgħetx il-prosposta. Imbagħad hu beda t-tentattiv tiegħu li jieħu t-territorju tal-Massageti bil-forza (għall-ħabta tal-529 Q.K.), l-ewwel nett billi jibni pontijiet u dgħajjes tal-gwerra għoljin man-naħa tiegħu tax-xmara Oxus jew Amu Darya, li kienet tisseparahom. Ir-reġina tal-Massageti bagħtet twissija biex ma joqrobx iktar (twissija li stqarret li kienet qed tistenna li ma titqiesx xorta waħda), u wara Tomyris sfidatu biex jiltaqa' mal-qawwiet tagħha fi gwerra onorevoli, u stednitu f'post f'pajjiżha jum ta' mmarċjar 'il bogħod mix-xmara, fejn iż-żewġ armati tagħhom kellhom jiltaqgħu formalment u jiġġieldu kontra xulxin. Huwa aċċetta l-offerta tagħha, iżda kif sar jaf li l-Massageti ma kinux midħla tal-inbid u tal-effetti tiegħu, huwa lesta biex jitlaq il-kamp tiegħu u ħalla ħafna nbid warajh apposta, u ħa l-aqwa suldati tiegħu miegħu u ħalla warajh dawk li kienu l-inqas kapaċi. Il-ġeneral tal-armata ta' Tomyris, Spargapises, li kien ukoll binha, u terz tat-truppi tal-Massageti, qatlu l-grupp li Ċiru ħalla warajh, u kif sabu l-kamp mimli provvisti tal-ikel u l-inbid, mingħajr ma jafu sikru, u b'hekk ma tantx baqgħu kapaċi jiddefendu lilhom infushom meta ġew affrontati b'attakk sorpriża. B'hekk ġarrbu telfa, u għalkemm ittieħed bħala priġunier, Spargapises wettaq [[suwiċidju]] ladarba reġa' ġie f'tiegħu mis-sakra. Malli saret taf x'kien ġara, Tomyris maqdret it-tattiki ta' Ċiru bħala żleali u ħalfet li tpattihielu, u mexxiet it-tieni mewġa ta' truppi hi stess f'battalja. Ċiru l-Kbir fl-aħħar mill-aħħar inqatel, u l-qawwiet tiegħu ġarrbu bosta mwiet f'dik li Erodotu rrefera għaliha bħala l-iżjed battalja qalila tal-karriera tiegħu u tad-dinja tal-qedem. Meta ntemmet, Tomyris ordnat li l-katavru ta' Ċiru jinġieb lura għandha, imbagħad qatgħetlu rasu u billet rasu f'reċipjent ta' [[demm]] f'ġest simboliku ta' tpattija għall-kilba tiegħu u għall-mewt ta' binha. Madankollu, xi studjużi jiddubitaw din il-verżjoni, l-iktar minħabba li anke Erodotu jammetti li dan l-avveniment kien waħda mill-bosta verżjonijiet tal-mewt ta' Ċiru li kien suppost kien sema' minn sors affidabbli li qallu li ma kien hemm ħadd biex jara x'kien ġara tassew. Erodotu jirrakkonta wkoll li Ċiru fil-ħolm tiegħu ra lil ibnu l-kbir, Hystaspes (Darius I), bil-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh, bid-dell b'ġewnaħ minnhom fuq l-Asja, u bl-oħra lill-Ewropa. L-arkeologu Sir [[Max Mallowan]] jispjega din l-istqarrija ta' Erodotu u r-rabta tagħha mal-bassoriljiev tal-figura b'erba' ġwienaħ ta' Ċiru l-Kbir b'dan il-mod:<blockquote>Għaldaqstant, Erodotu nsostni li x'aktarx kien jaf bir-rabta mill-qrib ta' dan it-tip ta' figura bil-ġwienaħ u x-xbieha tal-maestà Iranjana, li huwa assoċjaha ma' ħolma li tbassarlu l-mewt tar-re qabel l-aħħar kampanja militari fatali tiegħu fix-xmara Oxus.</blockquote>[[Muhammad Dandamayev]] jgħid li l-Persjani jaf ħadu l-katavru ta' Ċiru lura mingħand il-Massageti, għad-differenza ta' dak li qal Erodotu. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Mikiel is-Sirjan (1166–1199 [[WK|W.K]].), Ċiru nqatel mill-mara tiegħu Tomyris, ir-reġina tal-Massageti (Maksata), fis-60 sena tal-jasar tal-Lhud. Rakkont ieħor miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon tikkontradixxi r-rakkonti l-oħra, u ssostni li Ċiru miet b'mod paċifiku fil-belt kapitali tiegħu. Il-verżjoni finali tal-mewt ta' Ċiru tasal mingħand Berossus, li jirrapporta biss li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jiġġieled kontra l-arċiera ta' Dahae fil-Majjistral tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Il-fdalijiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir jaf indifnu fil-belt kapitali tiegħu ta' Pasargadae, fejn illum hemm qabar tal-[[ġebla tal-ġir]] (li nbena għall-ħabta tal-540–530 Q.K.) li għadu jeżisti, u ħafna jemmnu li huwa tiegħu. Strabo u Arrian jipprovdu deskrizzjonijiet kważi identiċi tal-qabar, abbażi tar-rapport ta' xhieda ta' Aristobulus ta' Cassandreia, li fuq talba ta' [[Alessandru Manju]] żar il-qabar darbtejn. Għalkemm il-belt innifisha issa tinsab fi stat ta' fdalijiet, il-post tad-dfin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir baqa' pjuttost intatt, u l-qabar ġie parzjalment irrestawrat mid-deterjorament naturali li seħħ tul is-sekli. Skont Plutarka, fuq l-epitaffju tiegħu kien hemm dan li ġej:<blockquote>Int min int u ġej minn fejn ġej, naf li se tiġi, jien Ċiru li rebaħ l-imperu għall-Persjani. Għaldaqstant tmaqdarnix għax ħadt din il-biċċa art biex fiha jintradam l-għadam tiegħi.</blockquote>L-evidenza tal-kitbiet kunejformi mnaqqxa fil-Babilonja turi bil-provi li Ċiru miet għall-ħabta ta' Diċembru 530 Q.K., u li ibnu Cambyses II kien sar ir-re. Cambyses kompla l-politika ta' espansjoni ta' missieru, u ħataf l-Eġittu għall-Imperu, iżda miet wara 7 snin biss ta' tmexxija. Is-suċċessur tiegħu kien jew l-iben l-ieħor ta' Ċiru, Bardiya, jew impostur taparsi Bardiya, li sar l-uniku mexxej tal-Persja għal 7 xhur, sa ma nqatel minn Darius il-Kbir. Ir-rakkonti Rumani u Griegi tal-qedem li ġew tradotti jipprovdu deskrizzjoni ċara tal-qabar kemm [[Ġeometrija|ġeometrikament]] kif ukoll estetikament; l-għamla ġeometrika tal-qabar ma tantx inbidlet tul is-snin, u għad għandha għamla kwadrangolari kbira tal-ġebel fil-bażi, segwita minn suċċessjoni piramidali ta' ġebel rettangolari iżgħar, sa ftit ċangaturi wara, fejn l-istruttura hija mħaddna minn binja, b'saqaf ġej għal ħnejja magħmul mill-ġebel b'għamla piramidali, b'fetħa jew tieqa żgħira mal-ġenb, fejn anke l-irqaq raġel fid-dinja bil-kemm ikun jista' jidħol ġewwa minnha. Fi ħdan din il-binja kien hemm tebut tad-deheb, imserraħ fuq mejda b'riffieda tad-deheb, u fih indifen il-katavru ta' Ċiru l-Kbir. Fuq il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm kisja bit-tapizzerija u bid-drappijiet magħmula mill-aqwa materjali Babiloniżi, bl-użu tal-ifjen sengħa ta' Medija; taħt il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm tapit aħmar fin, li jkopri l-parti rettangolari dejqa tal-qabar tiegħu. Ir-rakkonti Griegi tradotti jiddeskrivu l-qabar bħala li tqiegħed fil-ġonna għammiela ta' Pasargadae, imdawwar bis-siġar u bl-arbuxxelli ornamentali, b'grupp ta' protetturi Akemenidi msejħa l-"Maġi", stazzjonati fil-qrib biex jipproteġu l-binja mis-serq jew minn kwalunkwe ħsara. Snin wara, fil-kaos li nħoloq minħabba l-invażjoni tal-Persja min-naħa ta' Alessandru Manju u wara t-telfa li ġarrab [[Darius III]], xi ħadd irnexxilu jidħol fil-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-affarijiet lussużi li kien hemm ġo fih insterqu. Meta Alessandru wasal fejn il-qabar, huwa baqa' mistagħġeb mill-mod kif kien ittrattat il-qabar, u staqsa spjegazzjonijiet mingħand il-Maġi u ressaqhom quddiem il-qorti. F'xi rakkonti, id-deċiżjoni ta' Alessandru li l-Maġi jitressqu quddiem il-qorti kienet iktar bħala tentattiv biex jimminalhom l-influwenza tagħhom u juri l-poter tiegħu fl-imperu maħkum il-ġdid tiegħu, milli tħassib għall-qabar ta' Ċiru. Madankollu, Alessandru kien jammira lil Ċiru, u minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u l-governanza tiegħu bħala re u bħala leġiżlatur. Fi kwalunkwe każ, Alessandru ordna lil Aristobulus itejjeb il-kundizzjoni tal-qabar u jirrestawrah minn ġewwa. Minkejja l-ammirazzjoni tiegħu għal Ċiru l-Kbir, u t-tentattivi tiegħu ta' rinnovazzjoni tal-qabar, 6 snin qabel (330 Q.K.) Alessandru kien seraq ir-rikkezzi ta' Persepolis, il-belt opulenti li Ċiru jaf għażel is-sit tagħha, u jew ordna li tingħata n-nar bħala att ta' propaganda favur il-Griegi jew taha n-nar meta kien fis-sakra. Il-binja baqgħet teżisti minkejja t-trapass taż-żmien, l-invażjonijiet, id-diviżjonijiet interni, l-imperi suċċessivi, il-bidliet ta' reġimi u r-rivoluzzjonijiet. L-aħħar figura Persjana prominenti li xeħtet l-attenzjoni fuq il-qabar kienet [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (Shah tal-Iran), l-aħħar monarka uffiċjali tal-Persja, matul iċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet tiegħu ta' 2,500 sena ta' monarkija. Bħal Alessandru Manju qablu, ix-Shah tal-Iran ried jappella għal-legat ta' Ċiru biex jilleġitimizza t-tmexxija tiegħu stess bħala estensjoni. In-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]] jirrikonoxxu l-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u Pasargadae bħala [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === British historian Charles Freeman suggests that "In scope and extent his achievements [Ċiru] ranked far above that of the Macedonian king, Alexander, who was to demolish the [Achaemenid] empire in the 320s but fail to provide any stable alternative." Ċiru has been a personal hero to many people, including Thomas Jefferson, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and David Ben-Gurion. The achievements of Ċiru l-Kbir throughout antiquity are reflected in the way he is remembered today. His own nation, the Iranians, have regarded him as "The Father", the very title that had been used during the time of Ċiru himself, by the many nations that he conquered, as according to Xenophon: Ċiru's standard, described as a golden eagle mounted upon a "lofty shaft", remained the official banner of the Achaemenids.<blockquote>And those who were subject to him, he treated with esteem and regard, as if they were his own children, while his subjects themselves respected Ċiru as their "Father" ... What other man but 'Ċiru', after having overturned an empire, ever died with the title of "The Father" from the people whom he had brought under his power? For it is plain fact that this is a name for one that bestows, rather than for one that takes away!</blockquote>The historian Plutarch (<abbr>c.</abbr> 46 – c. 119 AD) tells that "the Persians, because Ċiru was hook-nosed, even to this day love hook-nosed men and consider them the most handsome". The Babylonians regarded him as "The Liberator", as they were offended by their previous ruler, Nabonidus, for committing sacrilege. The Book of Ezra narrates a story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Ċiru, in which Ċiru proclaims: "All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of heaven, given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah."(Ezra 1:2) Ċiru was distinguished equally as a statesman and as a soldier. Due in part to the political infrastructure he created, the Achaemenid Empire endured long after his death. The rise of Persia under Ċiru's rule had a profound impact on the course of world history, including in forms of Iranian philosophy, literature and religion. Many of the Iranian dynasties following the Achaemenid Empire and their kings saw themselves as the heirs to Ċiru l-Kbir and have claimed to continue the line begun by Ċiru. However, there are different opinions among scholars whether this is also the case for the Sassanid Dynasty. Alexander the Great was himself infatuated with and admired Ċiru l-Kbir, from an early age reading Xenophon's ''Cyropaedia'', which described Ċiru's heroism in battle and governance and his abilities as a king and a legislator. During his visit to Pasargadae he ordered Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Ċiru's tomb. Ċiru's legacy has been felt even as far away as Iceland and colonial America. Many of the thinkers and rulers of Classical Antiquity as well as the Renaissance and Enlightenment era, and the forefathers of the United States of America sought inspiration from Ċiru l-Kbir through works such as ''Cyropaedia''. Thomas Jefferson, for example, owned two copies of ''Cyropaedia'', one with parallel Greek and Latin translations on facing pages showing substantial Jefferson markings that signify the amount of influence the book has had on drafting the United States Declaration of Independence. According to Professor Richard Nelson Frye, Ċiru—whose abilities as conqueror and administrator Frye says are attested by the longevity and vigor of the Achaemenid Empire—held an almost mythic role among the Persian people "similar to that of Romulus and Remus in Rome or Moses for the Israelites", with a story that "follows in many details the stories of hero and conquerors from elsewhere in the ancient world." Frye writes, "He became the epitome of the great qualities expected of a ruler in antiquity, and he assumed heroic features as a conqueror who was tolerant and magnanimous as well as brave and daring. His personality as seen by the Greeks influenced them and Alexander the Great, and, as the tradition was transmitted by the Romans, may be considered to influence our thinking even now." His rule was studied and admired by many of the great leaders, such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru founded the empire as a multi-state empire governed by four capital states; Pasargadae, Babylon, Susa and Ecbatana. He allowed a certain amount of regional autonomy in each state, in the form of a satrapy system. A satrapy was an administrative unit, usually organized on a geographical basis. A 'satrap' (governor) was the vassal king, who administered the region, a 'general' supervised military recruitment and ensured order, and a 'state secretary' kept the official records. The general and the state secretary reported directly to the satrap as well as the central government.^{[''citation needed'']} During his reign, Ċiru maintained control over a vast region of conquered kingdoms, achieved through retaining and expanding the satrapies. Further organization of newly conquered territories into provinces ruled by satraps was continued by Ċiru's successor, Darius the Great. ==== Strateġija militari ==== Ċiru's empire was based on tribute and conscripts from the many parts of his realm. Through his military savvy, Ċiru created an organized army including the Immortals unit, consisting of 10,000 highly trained soldiers. Ċiru's conquests began a new era in the age of empire building, where a vast superstate, comprising many dozens of countries, races, religions, and languages, were ruled under a single administration headed by a central government. This system lasted for centuries, and was retained both by the invading Seleucid dynasty during their control of Persia, and later Iranian dynasties including the Parthians and Sasanians. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru has been known for his innovations in building projects; he further developed the technologies that he found in the conquered cultures and applied them in building the palaces of Pasargadae. He was also famous for his love of gardens; the recent excavations in his capital city has revealed the existence of the Pasargadae Persian Garden and a network of irrigation canals. Pasargadae was a place for two magnificent palaces surrounded by a majestic royal park and vast formal gardens; among them was the four-quartered wall gardens of "Paradisia" with over 1000 meters of channels made out of carved limestone, designed to fill small basins at every 16 meters and water various types of wild and domestic flora. The design and concept of Paradisia were exceptional and have been used as a model for many ancient and modern parks, ever since. He also formed an innovative postal system throughout the empire, based on several relay stations called Chapar Khaneh. In 1658, while the Protectorate of Cromwell ruled Britain, the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne penned a discourse entitled The Garden of Ċiru, in which Ċiru is depicted as an archetypal wise ruler. However, despite being featured in the title, Ċiru was not a main focus of Browne's work. "Ċiru the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his education, and brought the treasures of the field into rule and circum-scription. So nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the author thereof." ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== The use of the name ''Kuruş'' as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century Q.K., dating to the time of the Croeseid, the world's first gold coin, originally minted by King Croesus of Lydia. The Croeseid was later continued to be minted and spread in a wide geographical area by Ċiru l-Kbir (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra in 547 Q.K.. Ċiru (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same ''lion and bull'' design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Ċiru's time is the Ċiru Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 Q.K.. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London. The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Ċiru as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Ċiru had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy. In the 1970s, the Shah of Iran adopted the Ċiru cylinder as a political symbol, using it "as a central image in his celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy", and asserting that it was "the first human rights charter in history". This view has been disputed by some as "rather anachronistic" and tendentious, as the modern concept of human rights would have been quite alien to Ċiru's contemporaries and is not mentioned by the cylinder. The cylinder has, nonetheless, become seen as part of Iran's cultural identity. The United Nations has declared the relic to be an "ancient declaration of human rights" since 1971, approved by then Secretary General Sithu U Thant, after he "was given a replica by the sister of the Shah of Iran". The British Museum describes the cylinder as "an instrument of ancient Mesopotamian propaganda" that "reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium Q.K., kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms." The cylinder emphasizes Ċiru's continuity with previous Babylonian rulers, asserting his virtue as a traditional Babylonian king while denigrating his predecessor. Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, has stated that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft." He explained that "It has even been described as the first declaration of human rights, and while this was never the intention of the document – the modern concept of human rights scarcely existed in the ancient world – it has come to embody the hopes and aspirations of many." === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== French Iranologist Pierre Briant wrote that, given the poor information we have, "it seems quite reckless to try to reconstruct what the religion of Ċiru might have been." It is also debated whether he was a Zoroastrian or whether Zoroastrianism only becomes involved as the Achaemenid state religion after his lifetime. The evidence in favour of it comes from some of the names of members of Ċiru's family, and similarities between the description of Yahweh in Isaiah 40–48 (which was after Isaiah came into contact with a Persian propagandist under Ċiru's administration who was Zoroastrian) and that of Ahura Mazda in the Gathas. Against the thesis is how Ċiru permitted total freedom of religion and provided funding for the establishment of their temples and other holy sites, as well as a possible late-date for the activity of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, who founded Zoroastrianism. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== The policies of Ċiru with respect to treatment of minority religions are documented in many historical accounts, particularly in Babylonian and Jewish sources. Ċiru had a general policy of religious tolerance throughout his vast empire. Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as American historian Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed. He brought peace to the Babylonians and is said to have kept his army away from the temples and restored the statues of the Babylonian gods to their sanctuaries. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== Information about religion and ritual during the reign of Ċiru is also available from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, the Histories of Herodotus, and inscriptions, though these were written in later periods and so must be used carefully. The Ċiru Cylinder was composed in the name of Ċiru with him as the first-person speaker. The Cylinder is highly religious and is framed around the interventions of the Babylonian national god Marduk. It is Marduk who is praised in the outset of the text and whose direct intervention is thought to be responsible for what happened in recent history, and it is Marduk who summons Ċiru for the purpose of righting the wrongs of his predecessor Nabonidus. Furthermore, Ċiru offers respect not only to the cult of Marduk, but also to local cults. One inscription from Uruk states "(Ċiru) loves Esangil and Ezida" while another from Ur mentions that he "returned the gods to their shrines." Another from Babylon or Sippar says that unlike Nabonidus, Ċiru provided proper and even increased the sacrifices for the gods. Additional reliable information may come from the funerary customs around the tomb of Ċiru, which indicates a privileged cult honouring the Iranian god Mithra. Some have also identified the figure depicted in the bas-relief from Pasargadae as Mithra, further indicating the reverence of Ċiru for this deity. Additional evidence further indicates the connection between Ċiru and Mithra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== The treatment of the Jewish people by Ċiru during their exile in Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Kingdom of Judah is reported in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). Ċiru is represented positively and as an agent of Yahweh, even though he is said to "not know" Yahweh (Isaiah 45:4–5). The Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of Ċiru, which returned the exiles to the Land of Israel from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem in light of Solomon's Temple having been destroyed by Babylonian armies.<blockquote>Thus saith Ċiru, king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of Heaven given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people – the LORD, his God, be with him – let him go there. – (2 Chronicles 36:23)</blockquote>This edict is also fully reproduced in the Book of Ezra.<blockquote>In the first year of King Ċiru, Ċiru the king issued a decree: "Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. And let the cost be paid from the royal treasury. Also let the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God." – (Ezra 6:3–5)</blockquote>The Jews honored him as a dignified and righteous king. In one Biblical passage, Isaiah refers to him as Messiah (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'His anointed one') (Isaiah 45:1), making him the only gentile to be so referred. Elsewhere in Isaiah, God is described as saying, "I will raise up Ċiru in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says God Almighty." (Isaiah 45:13) As the text suggests, Ċiru did ultimately release the nation of Israel from its exile without compensation or tribute. These particular passages (Isaiah 40–55, often referred to as ''Deutero-Isaiah'') are believed by most modern critical scholars to have been added by another author toward the end of the Babylonian exile (''c.'' 536 Q.K.). Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, relates the traditional view of the Jews regarding the prediction of Ċiru in Isaiah in his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', book 11, chapter 1:<blockquote>In the first year of the reign of Ċiru, which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity. And these things God did afford them; for he stirred up the mind of Ċiru, and made him write this throughout all Asia: "Thus saith Ċiru the king: Since God Almighty hath appointed me to be king of the habitable earth, I believe that he is that God which the nation of the Israelites worship; for indeed he foretold my name by the prophets, and that I should build him a house at Jerusalem, in the country of Judea." This was known to Ċiru by his reading the book which Isaiah left behind him of his prophecies; for this prophet said that God had spoken thus to him in a secret vision: "My will is, that Ċiru, whom I have appointed to be king over many and great nations, send back my people to their own land, and build my temple." This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Accordingly, when Ċiru read this, and admired the Divine power, an earnest desire and ambition seized upon him to fulfill what was so written; so he called for the most eminent Jews that were in Babylon, and said to them, that he gave them leave to go back to their own country, and to rebuild their city Jerusalem, and the temple of God, for that he would be their assistant, and that he would write to the rulers and governors that were in the neighborhood of their country of Judea, that they should contribute to them gold and silver for the building of the temple, and besides that, beasts for their sacrifices.</blockquote>While Ċiru is praised in the Tanakh (Isaiah 45:1–6 and Ezra 1:1–11), there was Jewish criticism of him after he was lied to by the Cuthites, who wanted to halt the building of the Second Temple. They accused the Jews of conspiring to rebel, so Ċiru in turn stopped the construction, which would not be completed until 515 Q.K., during the reign of Darius I. According to the Bible, it was King Artaxerxes who was convinced to stop the construction of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7–24). The historical nature of this decree has been challenged. Professor Lester L Grabbe argues that there was no decree but that there was a policy that allowed exiles to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. Philip R. Davies called the authenticity of the decree "dubious", citing Grabbe and adding that arguing against "the authenticity of Ezra 1.1–4 is J. Briend, in a paper given at the Institut Catholique de Paris on 15 December 1993, who denies that it resembles the form of an official document but reflects rather biblical prophetic idiom." Mary Joan Winn Leith believes that the decree in Ezra might be authentic and along with the Cylinder that Ċiru, like earlier rulers, was through these decrees trying to gain support from those who might be strategically important, particularly those close to Egypt which he wished to conquer. She also wrote that "appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control." ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura Iżlamika ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == 6axis5oo76jdebmeted7hmmhyg2kbwv 330809 330788 2026-06-30T08:09:37Z Trigcly 17859 /* Sistema tas-satrapiji */ 330809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn [[Hegmataneh|Ecbatana]] biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === Id-dettalji dwar il-mewt ta' Ċiru jvarjaw minn rakkont għal ieħor. Ċtesju, fil-''Persica'' tiegħu, għandu l-itwal rakkont, fejn jgħid li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jgħakkes ir-reżistenza tas-suldati ta' Derbices, megħjun minn arċiera u suldati Xitjani oħra rekbin iż-żwiemel, kif ukoll Indjani flimkien mal-[[Iljunfant|iljunfanti]] tal-gwerra tagħhom. Skontu, dan l-avveniment seħħ fil-Grigal tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. Ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu minn ''L-Istorji'' tiegħu jipprovdi t-tieni l-itwal dettall, fejn Ċiru miet f'battalja qalila mal-Massageti, konfederazzjoni tribali Xitjana mid-deżerti tan-Nofsinhar ta' Khwarezm u ta' Kyzyl Kum fl-iktar parti fin-Nofsinhar tar-reġjuni tal-Isteppa Ewrasjatika tal-[[Każakistan]] u tal-[[Użbekistan]] moderni, skont il-parir ta' Croesus biex jattakkahom fit-territorju tagħhom stess. Il-Massageti kienu relatati max-Xitjani fl-ilbies u fl-istil ta' ħajja tagħhom; kien jiġġieldu rekbin iż-żwiemel u mingħajr żwiemel. Sabiex jirbaħ l-approvazzjoni tagħha, Ċiru l-ewwel bagħat offerta ta' żwieġ lill-mexxejja tagħhom, ir-reġina Tomyris, iżda hi ma laqgħetx il-prosposta. Imbagħad hu beda t-tentattiv tiegħu li jieħu t-territorju tal-Massageti bil-forza (għall-ħabta tal-529 Q.K.), l-ewwel nett billi jibni pontijiet u dgħajjes tal-gwerra għoljin man-naħa tiegħu tax-xmara Oxus jew Amu Darya, li kienet tisseparahom. Ir-reġina tal-Massageti bagħtet twissija biex ma joqrobx iktar (twissija li stqarret li kienet qed tistenna li ma titqiesx xorta waħda), u wara Tomyris sfidatu biex jiltaqa' mal-qawwiet tagħha fi gwerra onorevoli, u stednitu f'post f'pajjiżha jum ta' mmarċjar 'il bogħod mix-xmara, fejn iż-żewġ armati tagħhom kellhom jiltaqgħu formalment u jiġġieldu kontra xulxin. Huwa aċċetta l-offerta tagħha, iżda kif sar jaf li l-Massageti ma kinux midħla tal-inbid u tal-effetti tiegħu, huwa lesta biex jitlaq il-kamp tiegħu u ħalla ħafna nbid warajh apposta, u ħa l-aqwa suldati tiegħu miegħu u ħalla warajh dawk li kienu l-inqas kapaċi. Il-ġeneral tal-armata ta' Tomyris, Spargapises, li kien ukoll binha, u terz tat-truppi tal-Massageti, qatlu l-grupp li Ċiru ħalla warajh, u kif sabu l-kamp mimli provvisti tal-ikel u l-inbid, mingħajr ma jafu sikru, u b'hekk ma tantx baqgħu kapaċi jiddefendu lilhom infushom meta ġew affrontati b'attakk sorpriża. B'hekk ġarrbu telfa, u għalkemm ittieħed bħala priġunier, Spargapises wettaq [[suwiċidju]] ladarba reġa' ġie f'tiegħu mis-sakra. Malli saret taf x'kien ġara, Tomyris maqdret it-tattiki ta' Ċiru bħala żleali u ħalfet li tpattihielu, u mexxiet it-tieni mewġa ta' truppi hi stess f'battalja. Ċiru l-Kbir fl-aħħar mill-aħħar inqatel, u l-qawwiet tiegħu ġarrbu bosta mwiet f'dik li Erodotu rrefera għaliha bħala l-iżjed battalja qalila tal-karriera tiegħu u tad-dinja tal-qedem. Meta ntemmet, Tomyris ordnat li l-katavru ta' Ċiru jinġieb lura għandha, imbagħad qatgħetlu rasu u billet rasu f'reċipjent ta' [[demm]] f'ġest simboliku ta' tpattija għall-kilba tiegħu u għall-mewt ta' binha. Madankollu, xi studjużi jiddubitaw din il-verżjoni, l-iktar minħabba li anke Erodotu jammetti li dan l-avveniment kien waħda mill-bosta verżjonijiet tal-mewt ta' Ċiru li kien suppost kien sema' minn sors affidabbli li qallu li ma kien hemm ħadd biex jara x'kien ġara tassew. Erodotu jirrakkonta wkoll li Ċiru fil-ħolm tiegħu ra lil ibnu l-kbir, Hystaspes (Darius I), bil-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh, bid-dell b'ġewnaħ minnhom fuq l-Asja, u bl-oħra lill-Ewropa. L-arkeologu Sir [[Max Mallowan]] jispjega din l-istqarrija ta' Erodotu u r-rabta tagħha mal-bassoriljiev tal-figura b'erba' ġwienaħ ta' Ċiru l-Kbir b'dan il-mod:<blockquote>Għaldaqstant, Erodotu nsostni li x'aktarx kien jaf bir-rabta mill-qrib ta' dan it-tip ta' figura bil-ġwienaħ u x-xbieha tal-maestà Iranjana, li huwa assoċjaha ma' ħolma li tbassarlu l-mewt tar-re qabel l-aħħar kampanja militari fatali tiegħu fix-xmara Oxus.</blockquote>[[Muhammad Dandamayev]] jgħid li l-Persjani jaf ħadu l-katavru ta' Ċiru lura mingħand il-Massageti, għad-differenza ta' dak li qal Erodotu. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Mikiel is-Sirjan (1166–1199 [[WK|W.K]].), Ċiru nqatel mill-mara tiegħu Tomyris, ir-reġina tal-Massageti (Maksata), fis-60 sena tal-jasar tal-Lhud. Rakkont ieħor miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon tikkontradixxi r-rakkonti l-oħra, u ssostni li Ċiru miet b'mod paċifiku fil-belt kapitali tiegħu. Il-verżjoni finali tal-mewt ta' Ċiru tasal mingħand Berossus, li jirrapporta biss li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jiġġieled kontra l-arċiera ta' Dahae fil-Majjistral tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Il-fdalijiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir jaf indifnu fil-belt kapitali tiegħu ta' Pasargadae, fejn illum hemm qabar tal-[[ġebla tal-ġir]] (li nbena għall-ħabta tal-540–530 Q.K.) li għadu jeżisti, u ħafna jemmnu li huwa tiegħu. Strabo u Arrian jipprovdu deskrizzjonijiet kważi identiċi tal-qabar, abbażi tar-rapport ta' xhieda ta' Aristobulus ta' Cassandreia, li fuq talba ta' [[Alessandru Manju]] żar il-qabar darbtejn. Għalkemm il-belt innifisha issa tinsab fi stat ta' fdalijiet, il-post tad-dfin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir baqa' pjuttost intatt, u l-qabar ġie parzjalment irrestawrat mid-deterjorament naturali li seħħ tul is-sekli. Skont Plutarka, fuq l-epitaffju tiegħu kien hemm dan li ġej:<blockquote>Int min int u ġej minn fejn ġej, naf li se tiġi, jien Ċiru li rebaħ l-imperu għall-Persjani. Għaldaqstant tmaqdarnix għax ħadt din il-biċċa art biex fiha jintradam l-għadam tiegħi.</blockquote>L-evidenza tal-kitbiet kunejformi mnaqqxa fil-Babilonja turi bil-provi li Ċiru miet għall-ħabta ta' Diċembru 530 Q.K., u li ibnu Cambyses II kien sar ir-re. Cambyses kompla l-politika ta' espansjoni ta' missieru, u ħataf l-Eġittu għall-Imperu, iżda miet wara 7 snin biss ta' tmexxija. Is-suċċessur tiegħu kien jew l-iben l-ieħor ta' Ċiru, Bardiya, jew impostur taparsi Bardiya, li sar l-uniku mexxej tal-Persja għal 7 xhur, sa ma nqatel minn Darius il-Kbir. Ir-rakkonti Rumani u Griegi tal-qedem li ġew tradotti jipprovdu deskrizzjoni ċara tal-qabar kemm [[Ġeometrija|ġeometrikament]] kif ukoll estetikament; l-għamla ġeometrika tal-qabar ma tantx inbidlet tul is-snin, u għad għandha għamla kwadrangolari kbira tal-ġebel fil-bażi, segwita minn suċċessjoni piramidali ta' ġebel rettangolari iżgħar, sa ftit ċangaturi wara, fejn l-istruttura hija mħaddna minn binja, b'saqaf ġej għal ħnejja magħmul mill-ġebel b'għamla piramidali, b'fetħa jew tieqa żgħira mal-ġenb, fejn anke l-irqaq raġel fid-dinja bil-kemm ikun jista' jidħol ġewwa minnha. Fi ħdan din il-binja kien hemm tebut tad-deheb, imserraħ fuq mejda b'riffieda tad-deheb, u fih indifen il-katavru ta' Ċiru l-Kbir. Fuq il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm kisja bit-tapizzerija u bid-drappijiet magħmula mill-aqwa materjali Babiloniżi, bl-użu tal-ifjen sengħa ta' Medija; taħt il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm tapit aħmar fin, li jkopri l-parti rettangolari dejqa tal-qabar tiegħu. Ir-rakkonti Griegi tradotti jiddeskrivu l-qabar bħala li tqiegħed fil-ġonna għammiela ta' Pasargadae, imdawwar bis-siġar u bl-arbuxxelli ornamentali, b'grupp ta' protetturi Akemenidi msejħa l-"Maġi", stazzjonati fil-qrib biex jipproteġu l-binja mis-serq jew minn kwalunkwe ħsara. Snin wara, fil-kaos li nħoloq minħabba l-invażjoni tal-Persja min-naħa ta' Alessandru Manju u wara t-telfa li ġarrab [[Darius III]], xi ħadd irnexxilu jidħol fil-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-affarijiet lussużi li kien hemm ġo fih insterqu. Meta Alessandru wasal fejn il-qabar, huwa baqa' mistagħġeb mill-mod kif kien ittrattat il-qabar, u staqsa spjegazzjonijiet mingħand il-Maġi u ressaqhom quddiem il-qorti. F'xi rakkonti, id-deċiżjoni ta' Alessandru li l-Maġi jitressqu quddiem il-qorti kienet iktar bħala tentattiv biex jimminalhom l-influwenza tagħhom u juri l-poter tiegħu fl-imperu maħkum il-ġdid tiegħu, milli tħassib għall-qabar ta' Ċiru. Madankollu, Alessandru kien jammira lil Ċiru, u minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u l-governanza tiegħu bħala re u bħala leġiżlatur. Fi kwalunkwe każ, Alessandru ordna lil Aristobulus itejjeb il-kundizzjoni tal-qabar u jirrestawrah minn ġewwa. Minkejja l-ammirazzjoni tiegħu għal Ċiru l-Kbir, u t-tentattivi tiegħu ta' rinnovazzjoni tal-qabar, 6 snin qabel (330 Q.K.) Alessandru kien seraq ir-rikkezzi ta' Persepolis, il-belt opulenti li Ċiru jaf għażel is-sit tagħha, u jew ordna li tingħata n-nar bħala att ta' propaganda favur il-Griegi jew taha n-nar meta kien fis-sakra. Il-binja baqgħet teżisti minkejja t-trapass taż-żmien, l-invażjonijiet, id-diviżjonijiet interni, l-imperi suċċessivi, il-bidliet ta' reġimi u r-rivoluzzjonijiet. L-aħħar figura Persjana prominenti li xeħtet l-attenzjoni fuq il-qabar kienet [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (Shah tal-Iran), l-aħħar monarka uffiċjali tal-Persja, matul iċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet tiegħu ta' 2,500 sena ta' monarkija. Bħal Alessandru Manju qablu, ix-Shah tal-Iran ried jappella għal-legat ta' Ċiru biex jilleġitimizza t-tmexxija tiegħu stess bħala estensjoni. In-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]] jirrikonoxxu l-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u Pasargadae bħala [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === L-istoriku [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] [[Charles Freeman]] jissuġġerixxi li "L-ambitu u l-kobor tal-kisbiet tiegħu [Ċiru] kienu jikklassifikaw ferm iktar minn dawk tar-re Maċedonu, Alessandru, li qered l-imperu [tal-Akemenidi] fis-snin 20 tas-seklu 4 iżda ma rnexxilu jipprovdi l-ebda alternattiva stabbli". Ċiru kien eroj personali għal bosta nies, fosthom [[Thomas Jefferson]], Mohammad Reza Pahlavi u [[David Ben-Gurion]]. Il-kisbiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir fi żmien il-qedem huma riflessi fil-mod kif jiġi mfakkar illum il-ġurnata. In-nazzjon tiegħu stess, l-Iranjani, ikkunsidrawh bħala "l-Missier", l-istess titlu li kien intuża fi żmien Ċiru nnifsu, mill-bosta nazzjonijiet li ħakem, peress li skont Xenophon: l-istandard ta' Ċiru, deskritt bħala ajkla tad-deheb immuntata fl-"għoli", baqa' l-pavaljun uffiċjali tal-Akemenidi.<blockquote>U dawk li huma sudditi tiegħu, ittrattahom bi stima u bil-galbu, daqslikieku kienu uliedu stess, filwaqt li s-sudditi tiegħu min-naħa l-oħra kienu jirrispettaw lil Ċiru bħala "Missierhom" ... Liema raġel ieħor jekk mhux "Ċiru", wara li qaleb imperu ta' taħt fuq, qatt miet bit-titlu ta' "Il-Missier" min-nies stess li kien ġabhom taħt il-poter tiegħu? Huwa minnu li dan huwa isem għal xi ħadd li jrodd, iktar milli jieħu!</blockquote>L-istoriku Plutarka (twieled għall-ħabta tas-46 – miet għall-ħabta tal-119 W.K.) jgħid li "l-Persjani, minħabba li Ċiru kellu mnieħru mgħawweġ ganċ, saħansitra sa issa għandhom għal qalbhom l-irġiel b'imnieħer mgħawweġ ganċ u jqisuhom bħala l-iżjed sbieħ". Il-Babiloniżi kienu jqisuh bħala "l-Liberatur", peress li kienu offiżi mill-mexxej preċedenti tagħhom, Nabonidus, li kien wettaq sagrileġġ. Il-Ktieb ta' Eżra jirrakkonta l-ġrajja tal-ewwel ritorn tal-eżiljati fl-ewwel sena ta' Ċiru, fejn Ċiru jipproklama: "Il-Mule, Alla tal-ġenna, tani r-renji kollha tal-art; u Hu tani l-kompitu li nibni tempju f'Ġerusalemm, fil-Ġudea".(Eżra 1:2) Ċiru kien magħruf bl-istess mod bħala statista u bħala suldat. Parzjalment minħabba l-infrastruttura politika li ħoloq, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi dam ferm anke wara mewtu. Il-fatt li l-Persja qamet fuq saqajha taħt it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru kellu impatt kbir fuq il-milja tal-istorja tad-dinja, inkluż fil-forom tal-[[filosofija]], tal-letteratura u tar-reliġjon Iranjani. Ħafna mid-dinastiji Iranjani ta' wara l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi u r-rejiet tagħhom raw lilhom infushom bħala l-werrieta ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u sostnew li qed ikomplu l-legat li ħalla warajh Ċiru. Madankollu, fost l-istudjużi hemm opinjonijiet differenti dwar jekk dan huwiex il-każ ukoll għad-dinastija tas-Sassanidi. Alessandru Manju stess kien infatwat b'Ċiru l-Kbir u kien jammirah, wara li minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u fil-governanza, kif ukoll il-ħiliet tiegħu bħala re u leġiżlatur. Matul iż-żjara tiegħu f'Pasargadae huwa ordna lil Aristobulus biex iżejjen il-kompartiment tal-qabar ta' Ċiru minn ġewwa. Il-legat ta' Ċiru nħass saħansitra sal-[[Iżlanda]] u l-Amerka kolonjali. Ħafna mill-ħassieba u mill-mexxejja tal-Antikità Klassika kif ukoll tar-[[Rinaxximent]] u tal-[[Illuminiżmu]], u l-missirijiet tal-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti tal-Amerka]] ispiraw ruħhom minn Ċiru l-Kbir permezz ta' xogħlijiet bħaċ-''Ċiropedija''. Thomas Jefferson, pereżempju, kellu żewġ kopji taċ-''Ċiropedija'', waħda bit-traduzzjonijiet paralleli bil-Grieg u bil-Latin faċċata ta' xulxin b'marki sostanzjali ta' Jefferson li juru l-ammont ta' influwenza li kellu l-ktieb fuq it-tfassil tad-Dikjarazzjoni tal-Indipendenza tal-Istati Uniti. Skont il-Professur [[Richard Nelson Frye]], Ċiru — li l-ħiliet tiegħu bħala ħakkiem u amministratur joħorġu fid-dieher mil-lonġevità u l-qawwa tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi — kellu rwol kważi mitiku fost il-poplu Persjan "simili għal dak ta' Romulu u Remu f'[[Ruma]] jew [[Mosè]] għall-Iżraeliti", bi ġrajja li "ssegwi permezz ta' bosta dettalji l-ġrajjiet tal-eroj u tal-ħakkiema minn inħawi oħra fid-dinja tal-qedem". Frye jikteb, "Huwa sar l-epitoma tal-kwalitajiet kbar mistennija minn mexxej fid-dinja tal-qedem, u kellu karatteristiċi erojċi bħala ħakkiem li kien tolleranti u ħanin kif ukoll qalbieni u awdaċi. Il-personalità tiegħu kif meqjusa mill-Griegi influwenzathom u lil Alessandru Manju, u peress li t-tradizzjoni ġiet trażmessa mir-Rumani, jaf titqies li influwenzat il-ħsieb tagħna saħansitra issa". It-tmexxija tiegħu ġiet studjata u ammirata minn bosta mill-mexxejja l-kbar, bħal Alessandru Manju, [[Ġulju Ċesri]] u Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru stabbilixxa l-imperu bħala imperu bbażat fuq diversi stati ggvernati minn erba' stati kapitali: Pasargadae, il-Babilonja, Susa u Ecbatana. He allowed a certain amount of regional autonomy in each state, in the form of a satrapy system. A satrapy was an administrative unit, usually organized on a geographical basis. A 'satrap' (governor) was the vassal king, who administered the region, a 'general' supervised military recruitment and ensured order, and a 'state secretary' kept the official records. The general and the state secretary reported directly to the satrap as well as the central government. During his reign, Ċiru maintained control over a vast region of conquered kingdoms, achieved through retaining and expanding the satrapies. Further organization of newly conquered territories into provinces ruled by satraps was continued by Ċiru's successor, Darius the Great. ==== Strateġija militari ==== Ċiru's empire was based on tribute and conscripts from the many parts of his realm. Through his military savvy, Ċiru created an organized army including the Immortals unit, consisting of 10,000 highly trained soldiers. Ċiru's conquests began a new era in the age of empire building, where a vast superstate, comprising many dozens of countries, races, religions, and languages, were ruled under a single administration headed by a central government. This system lasted for centuries, and was retained both by the invading Seleucid dynasty during their control of Persia, and later Iranian dynasties including the Parthians and Sasanians. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru has been known for his innovations in building projects; he further developed the technologies that he found in the conquered cultures and applied them in building the palaces of Pasargadae. He was also famous for his love of gardens; the recent excavations in his capital city has revealed the existence of the Pasargadae Persian Garden and a network of irrigation canals. Pasargadae was a place for two magnificent palaces surrounded by a majestic royal park and vast formal gardens; among them was the four-quartered wall gardens of "Paradisia" with over 1000 meters of channels made out of carved limestone, designed to fill small basins at every 16 meters and water various types of wild and domestic flora. The design and concept of Paradisia were exceptional and have been used as a model for many ancient and modern parks, ever since. He also formed an innovative postal system throughout the empire, based on several relay stations called Chapar Khaneh. In 1658, while the Protectorate of Cromwell ruled Britain, the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne penned a discourse entitled The Garden of Ċiru, in which Ċiru is depicted as an archetypal wise ruler. However, despite being featured in the title, Ċiru was not a main focus of Browne's work. "Ċiru the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his education, and brought the treasures of the field into rule and circum-scription. So nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the author thereof." ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== The use of the name ''Kuruş'' as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century Q.K., dating to the time of the Croeseid, the world's first gold coin, originally minted by King Croesus of Lydia. The Croeseid was later continued to be minted and spread in a wide geographical area by Ċiru l-Kbir (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra in 547 Q.K.. Ċiru (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same ''lion and bull'' design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Ċiru's time is the Ċiru Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 Q.K.. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London. The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Ċiru as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Ċiru had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy. In the 1970s, the Shah of Iran adopted the Ċiru cylinder as a political symbol, using it "as a central image in his celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy", and asserting that it was "the first human rights charter in history". This view has been disputed by some as "rather anachronistic" and tendentious, as the modern concept of human rights would have been quite alien to Ċiru's contemporaries and is not mentioned by the cylinder. The cylinder has, nonetheless, become seen as part of Iran's cultural identity. The United Nations has declared the relic to be an "ancient declaration of human rights" since 1971, approved by then Secretary General Sithu U Thant, after he "was given a replica by the sister of the Shah of Iran". The British Museum describes the cylinder as "an instrument of ancient Mesopotamian propaganda" that "reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium Q.K., kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms." The cylinder emphasizes Ċiru's continuity with previous Babylonian rulers, asserting his virtue as a traditional Babylonian king while denigrating his predecessor. Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, has stated that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft." He explained that "It has even been described as the first declaration of human rights, and while this was never the intention of the document – the modern concept of human rights scarcely existed in the ancient world – it has come to embody the hopes and aspirations of many." === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== French Iranologist Pierre Briant wrote that, given the poor information we have, "it seems quite reckless to try to reconstruct what the religion of Ċiru might have been." It is also debated whether he was a Zoroastrian or whether Zoroastrianism only becomes involved as the Achaemenid state religion after his lifetime. The evidence in favour of it comes from some of the names of members of Ċiru's family, and similarities between the description of Yahweh in Isaiah 40–48 (which was after Isaiah came into contact with a Persian propagandist under Ċiru's administration who was Zoroastrian) and that of Ahura Mazda in the Gathas. Against the thesis is how Ċiru permitted total freedom of religion and provided funding for the establishment of their temples and other holy sites, as well as a possible late-date for the activity of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, who founded Zoroastrianism. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== The policies of Ċiru with respect to treatment of minority religions are documented in many historical accounts, particularly in Babylonian and Jewish sources. Ċiru had a general policy of religious tolerance throughout his vast empire. Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as American historian Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed. He brought peace to the Babylonians and is said to have kept his army away from the temples and restored the statues of the Babylonian gods to their sanctuaries. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== Information about religion and ritual during the reign of Ċiru is also available from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, the Histories of Herodotus, and inscriptions, though these were written in later periods and so must be used carefully. The Ċiru Cylinder was composed in the name of Ċiru with him as the first-person speaker. The Cylinder is highly religious and is framed around the interventions of the Babylonian national god Marduk. It is Marduk who is praised in the outset of the text and whose direct intervention is thought to be responsible for what happened in recent history, and it is Marduk who summons Ċiru for the purpose of righting the wrongs of his predecessor Nabonidus. Furthermore, Ċiru offers respect not only to the cult of Marduk, but also to local cults. One inscription from Uruk states "(Ċiru) loves Esangil and Ezida" while another from Ur mentions that he "returned the gods to their shrines." Another from Babylon or Sippar says that unlike Nabonidus, Ċiru provided proper and even increased the sacrifices for the gods. Additional reliable information may come from the funerary customs around the tomb of Ċiru, which indicates a privileged cult honouring the Iranian god Mithra. Some have also identified the figure depicted in the bas-relief from Pasargadae as Mithra, further indicating the reverence of Ċiru for this deity. Additional evidence further indicates the connection between Ċiru and Mithra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== The treatment of the Jewish people by Ċiru during their exile in Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Kingdom of Judah is reported in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). Ċiru is represented positively and as an agent of Yahweh, even though he is said to "not know" Yahweh (Isaiah 45:4–5). The Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of Ċiru, which returned the exiles to the Land of Israel from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem in light of Solomon's Temple having been destroyed by Babylonian armies.<blockquote>Thus saith Ċiru, king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of Heaven given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people – the LORD, his God, be with him – let him go there. – (2 Chronicles 36:23)</blockquote>This edict is also fully reproduced in the Book of Ezra.<blockquote>In the first year of King Ċiru, Ċiru the king issued a decree: "Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. And let the cost be paid from the royal treasury. Also let the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God." – (Ezra 6:3–5)</blockquote>The Jews honored him as a dignified and righteous king. In one Biblical passage, Isaiah refers to him as Messiah (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'His anointed one') (Isaiah 45:1), making him the only gentile to be so referred. Elsewhere in Isaiah, God is described as saying, "I will raise up Ċiru in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says God Almighty." (Isaiah 45:13) As the text suggests, Ċiru did ultimately release the nation of Israel from its exile without compensation or tribute. These particular passages (Isaiah 40–55, often referred to as ''Deutero-Isaiah'') are believed by most modern critical scholars to have been added by another author toward the end of the Babylonian exile (''c.'' 536 Q.K.). Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, relates the traditional view of the Jews regarding the prediction of Ċiru in Isaiah in his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', book 11, chapter 1:<blockquote>In the first year of the reign of Ċiru, which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity. And these things God did afford them; for he stirred up the mind of Ċiru, and made him write this throughout all Asia: "Thus saith Ċiru the king: Since God Almighty hath appointed me to be king of the habitable earth, I believe that he is that God which the nation of the Israelites worship; for indeed he foretold my name by the prophets, and that I should build him a house at Jerusalem, in the country of Judea." This was known to Ċiru by his reading the book which Isaiah left behind him of his prophecies; for this prophet said that God had spoken thus to him in a secret vision: "My will is, that Ċiru, whom I have appointed to be king over many and great nations, send back my people to their own land, and build my temple." This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Accordingly, when Ċiru read this, and admired the Divine power, an earnest desire and ambition seized upon him to fulfill what was so written; so he called for the most eminent Jews that were in Babylon, and said to them, that he gave them leave to go back to their own country, and to rebuild their city Jerusalem, and the temple of God, for that he would be their assistant, and that he would write to the rulers and governors that were in the neighborhood of their country of Judea, that they should contribute to them gold and silver for the building of the temple, and besides that, beasts for their sacrifices.</blockquote>While Ċiru is praised in the Tanakh (Isaiah 45:1–6 and Ezra 1:1–11), there was Jewish criticism of him after he was lied to by the Cuthites, who wanted to halt the building of the Second Temple. They accused the Jews of conspiring to rebel, so Ċiru in turn stopped the construction, which would not be completed until 515 Q.K., during the reign of Darius I. According to the Bible, it was King Artaxerxes who was convinced to stop the construction of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7–24). The historical nature of this decree has been challenged. Professor Lester L Grabbe argues that there was no decree but that there was a policy that allowed exiles to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. Philip R. Davies called the authenticity of the decree "dubious", citing Grabbe and adding that arguing against "the authenticity of Ezra 1.1–4 is J. Briend, in a paper given at the Institut Catholique de Paris on 15 December 1993, who denies that it resembles the form of an official document but reflects rather biblical prophetic idiom." Mary Joan Winn Leith believes that the decree in Ezra might be authentic and along with the Cylinder that Ċiru, like earlier rulers, was through these decrees trying to gain support from those who might be strategically important, particularly those close to Egypt which he wished to conquer. She also wrote that "appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control." ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura Iżlamika ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == to1o20alcmmqppugyy9zsx2evsm7u7r 330811 330809 2026-06-30T08:22:46Z Trigcly 17859 /* Sistema tas-satrapiji */ 330811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn [[Hegmataneh|Ecbatana]] biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === Id-dettalji dwar il-mewt ta' Ċiru jvarjaw minn rakkont għal ieħor. Ċtesju, fil-''Persica'' tiegħu, għandu l-itwal rakkont, fejn jgħid li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jgħakkes ir-reżistenza tas-suldati ta' Derbices, megħjun minn arċiera u suldati Xitjani oħra rekbin iż-żwiemel, kif ukoll Indjani flimkien mal-[[Iljunfant|iljunfanti]] tal-gwerra tagħhom. Skontu, dan l-avveniment seħħ fil-Grigal tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. Ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu minn ''L-Istorji'' tiegħu jipprovdi t-tieni l-itwal dettall, fejn Ċiru miet f'battalja qalila mal-Massageti, konfederazzjoni tribali Xitjana mid-deżerti tan-Nofsinhar ta' Khwarezm u ta' Kyzyl Kum fl-iktar parti fin-Nofsinhar tar-reġjuni tal-Isteppa Ewrasjatika tal-[[Każakistan]] u tal-[[Użbekistan]] moderni, skont il-parir ta' Croesus biex jattakkahom fit-territorju tagħhom stess. Il-Massageti kienu relatati max-Xitjani fl-ilbies u fl-istil ta' ħajja tagħhom; kien jiġġieldu rekbin iż-żwiemel u mingħajr żwiemel. Sabiex jirbaħ l-approvazzjoni tagħha, Ċiru l-ewwel bagħat offerta ta' żwieġ lill-mexxejja tagħhom, ir-reġina Tomyris, iżda hi ma laqgħetx il-prosposta. Imbagħad hu beda t-tentattiv tiegħu li jieħu t-territorju tal-Massageti bil-forza (għall-ħabta tal-529 Q.K.), l-ewwel nett billi jibni pontijiet u dgħajjes tal-gwerra għoljin man-naħa tiegħu tax-xmara Oxus jew Amu Darya, li kienet tisseparahom. Ir-reġina tal-Massageti bagħtet twissija biex ma joqrobx iktar (twissija li stqarret li kienet qed tistenna li ma titqiesx xorta waħda), u wara Tomyris sfidatu biex jiltaqa' mal-qawwiet tagħha fi gwerra onorevoli, u stednitu f'post f'pajjiżha jum ta' mmarċjar 'il bogħod mix-xmara, fejn iż-żewġ armati tagħhom kellhom jiltaqgħu formalment u jiġġieldu kontra xulxin. Huwa aċċetta l-offerta tagħha, iżda kif sar jaf li l-Massageti ma kinux midħla tal-inbid u tal-effetti tiegħu, huwa lesta biex jitlaq il-kamp tiegħu u ħalla ħafna nbid warajh apposta, u ħa l-aqwa suldati tiegħu miegħu u ħalla warajh dawk li kienu l-inqas kapaċi. Il-ġeneral tal-armata ta' Tomyris, Spargapises, li kien ukoll binha, u terz tat-truppi tal-Massageti, qatlu l-grupp li Ċiru ħalla warajh, u kif sabu l-kamp mimli provvisti tal-ikel u l-inbid, mingħajr ma jafu sikru, u b'hekk ma tantx baqgħu kapaċi jiddefendu lilhom infushom meta ġew affrontati b'attakk sorpriża. B'hekk ġarrbu telfa, u għalkemm ittieħed bħala priġunier, Spargapises wettaq [[suwiċidju]] ladarba reġa' ġie f'tiegħu mis-sakra. Malli saret taf x'kien ġara, Tomyris maqdret it-tattiki ta' Ċiru bħala żleali u ħalfet li tpattihielu, u mexxiet it-tieni mewġa ta' truppi hi stess f'battalja. Ċiru l-Kbir fl-aħħar mill-aħħar inqatel, u l-qawwiet tiegħu ġarrbu bosta mwiet f'dik li Erodotu rrefera għaliha bħala l-iżjed battalja qalila tal-karriera tiegħu u tad-dinja tal-qedem. Meta ntemmet, Tomyris ordnat li l-katavru ta' Ċiru jinġieb lura għandha, imbagħad qatgħetlu rasu u billet rasu f'reċipjent ta' [[demm]] f'ġest simboliku ta' tpattija għall-kilba tiegħu u għall-mewt ta' binha. Madankollu, xi studjużi jiddubitaw din il-verżjoni, l-iktar minħabba li anke Erodotu jammetti li dan l-avveniment kien waħda mill-bosta verżjonijiet tal-mewt ta' Ċiru li kien suppost kien sema' minn sors affidabbli li qallu li ma kien hemm ħadd biex jara x'kien ġara tassew. Erodotu jirrakkonta wkoll li Ċiru fil-ħolm tiegħu ra lil ibnu l-kbir, Hystaspes (Darius I), bil-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh, bid-dell b'ġewnaħ minnhom fuq l-Asja, u bl-oħra lill-Ewropa. L-arkeologu Sir [[Max Mallowan]] jispjega din l-istqarrija ta' Erodotu u r-rabta tagħha mal-bassoriljiev tal-figura b'erba' ġwienaħ ta' Ċiru l-Kbir b'dan il-mod:<blockquote>Għaldaqstant, Erodotu nsostni li x'aktarx kien jaf bir-rabta mill-qrib ta' dan it-tip ta' figura bil-ġwienaħ u x-xbieha tal-maestà Iranjana, li huwa assoċjaha ma' ħolma li tbassarlu l-mewt tar-re qabel l-aħħar kampanja militari fatali tiegħu fix-xmara Oxus.</blockquote>[[Muhammad Dandamayev]] jgħid li l-Persjani jaf ħadu l-katavru ta' Ċiru lura mingħand il-Massageti, għad-differenza ta' dak li qal Erodotu. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Mikiel is-Sirjan (1166–1199 [[WK|W.K]].), Ċiru nqatel mill-mara tiegħu Tomyris, ir-reġina tal-Massageti (Maksata), fis-60 sena tal-jasar tal-Lhud. Rakkont ieħor miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon tikkontradixxi r-rakkonti l-oħra, u ssostni li Ċiru miet b'mod paċifiku fil-belt kapitali tiegħu. Il-verżjoni finali tal-mewt ta' Ċiru tasal mingħand Berossus, li jirrapporta biss li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jiġġieled kontra l-arċiera ta' Dahae fil-Majjistral tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Il-fdalijiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir jaf indifnu fil-belt kapitali tiegħu ta' Pasargadae, fejn illum hemm qabar tal-[[ġebla tal-ġir]] (li nbena għall-ħabta tal-540–530 Q.K.) li għadu jeżisti, u ħafna jemmnu li huwa tiegħu. Strabo u Arrian jipprovdu deskrizzjonijiet kważi identiċi tal-qabar, abbażi tar-rapport ta' xhieda ta' Aristobulus ta' Cassandreia, li fuq talba ta' [[Alessandru Manju]] żar il-qabar darbtejn. Għalkemm il-belt innifisha issa tinsab fi stat ta' fdalijiet, il-post tad-dfin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir baqa' pjuttost intatt, u l-qabar ġie parzjalment irrestawrat mid-deterjorament naturali li seħħ tul is-sekli. Skont Plutarka, fuq l-epitaffju tiegħu kien hemm dan li ġej:<blockquote>Int min int u ġej minn fejn ġej, naf li se tiġi, jien Ċiru li rebaħ l-imperu għall-Persjani. Għaldaqstant tmaqdarnix għax ħadt din il-biċċa art biex fiha jintradam l-għadam tiegħi.</blockquote>L-evidenza tal-kitbiet kunejformi mnaqqxa fil-Babilonja turi bil-provi li Ċiru miet għall-ħabta ta' Diċembru 530 Q.K., u li ibnu Cambyses II kien sar ir-re. Cambyses kompla l-politika ta' espansjoni ta' missieru, u ħataf l-Eġittu għall-Imperu, iżda miet wara 7 snin biss ta' tmexxija. Is-suċċessur tiegħu kien jew l-iben l-ieħor ta' Ċiru, Bardiya, jew impostur taparsi Bardiya, li sar l-uniku mexxej tal-Persja għal 7 xhur, sa ma nqatel minn Darius il-Kbir. Ir-rakkonti Rumani u Griegi tal-qedem li ġew tradotti jipprovdu deskrizzjoni ċara tal-qabar kemm [[Ġeometrija|ġeometrikament]] kif ukoll estetikament; l-għamla ġeometrika tal-qabar ma tantx inbidlet tul is-snin, u għad għandha għamla kwadrangolari kbira tal-ġebel fil-bażi, segwita minn suċċessjoni piramidali ta' ġebel rettangolari iżgħar, sa ftit ċangaturi wara, fejn l-istruttura hija mħaddna minn binja, b'saqaf ġej għal ħnejja magħmul mill-ġebel b'għamla piramidali, b'fetħa jew tieqa żgħira mal-ġenb, fejn anke l-irqaq raġel fid-dinja bil-kemm ikun jista' jidħol ġewwa minnha. Fi ħdan din il-binja kien hemm tebut tad-deheb, imserraħ fuq mejda b'riffieda tad-deheb, u fih indifen il-katavru ta' Ċiru l-Kbir. Fuq il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm kisja bit-tapizzerija u bid-drappijiet magħmula mill-aqwa materjali Babiloniżi, bl-użu tal-ifjen sengħa ta' Medija; taħt il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm tapit aħmar fin, li jkopri l-parti rettangolari dejqa tal-qabar tiegħu. Ir-rakkonti Griegi tradotti jiddeskrivu l-qabar bħala li tqiegħed fil-ġonna għammiela ta' Pasargadae, imdawwar bis-siġar u bl-arbuxxelli ornamentali, b'grupp ta' protetturi Akemenidi msejħa l-"Maġi", stazzjonati fil-qrib biex jipproteġu l-binja mis-serq jew minn kwalunkwe ħsara. Snin wara, fil-kaos li nħoloq minħabba l-invażjoni tal-Persja min-naħa ta' Alessandru Manju u wara t-telfa li ġarrab [[Darius III]], xi ħadd irnexxilu jidħol fil-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-affarijiet lussużi li kien hemm ġo fih insterqu. Meta Alessandru wasal fejn il-qabar, huwa baqa' mistagħġeb mill-mod kif kien ittrattat il-qabar, u staqsa spjegazzjonijiet mingħand il-Maġi u ressaqhom quddiem il-qorti. F'xi rakkonti, id-deċiżjoni ta' Alessandru li l-Maġi jitressqu quddiem il-qorti kienet iktar bħala tentattiv biex jimminalhom l-influwenza tagħhom u juri l-poter tiegħu fl-imperu maħkum il-ġdid tiegħu, milli tħassib għall-qabar ta' Ċiru. Madankollu, Alessandru kien jammira lil Ċiru, u minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u l-governanza tiegħu bħala re u bħala leġiżlatur. Fi kwalunkwe każ, Alessandru ordna lil Aristobulus itejjeb il-kundizzjoni tal-qabar u jirrestawrah minn ġewwa. Minkejja l-ammirazzjoni tiegħu għal Ċiru l-Kbir, u t-tentattivi tiegħu ta' rinnovazzjoni tal-qabar, 6 snin qabel (330 Q.K.) Alessandru kien seraq ir-rikkezzi ta' Persepolis, il-belt opulenti li Ċiru jaf għażel is-sit tagħha, u jew ordna li tingħata n-nar bħala att ta' propaganda favur il-Griegi jew taha n-nar meta kien fis-sakra. Il-binja baqgħet teżisti minkejja t-trapass taż-żmien, l-invażjonijiet, id-diviżjonijiet interni, l-imperi suċċessivi, il-bidliet ta' reġimi u r-rivoluzzjonijiet. L-aħħar figura Persjana prominenti li xeħtet l-attenzjoni fuq il-qabar kienet [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (Shah tal-Iran), l-aħħar monarka uffiċjali tal-Persja, matul iċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet tiegħu ta' 2,500 sena ta' monarkija. Bħal Alessandru Manju qablu, ix-Shah tal-Iran ried jappella għal-legat ta' Ċiru biex jilleġitimizza t-tmexxija tiegħu stess bħala estensjoni. In-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]] jirrikonoxxu l-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u Pasargadae bħala [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === L-istoriku [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] [[Charles Freeman]] jissuġġerixxi li "L-ambitu u l-kobor tal-kisbiet tiegħu [Ċiru] kienu jikklassifikaw ferm iktar minn dawk tar-re Maċedonu, Alessandru, li qered l-imperu [tal-Akemenidi] fis-snin 20 tas-seklu 4 iżda ma rnexxilu jipprovdi l-ebda alternattiva stabbli". Ċiru kien eroj personali għal bosta nies, fosthom [[Thomas Jefferson]], Mohammad Reza Pahlavi u [[David Ben-Gurion]]. Il-kisbiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir fi żmien il-qedem huma riflessi fil-mod kif jiġi mfakkar illum il-ġurnata. In-nazzjon tiegħu stess, l-Iranjani, ikkunsidrawh bħala "l-Missier", l-istess titlu li kien intuża fi żmien Ċiru nnifsu, mill-bosta nazzjonijiet li ħakem, peress li skont Xenophon: l-istandard ta' Ċiru, deskritt bħala ajkla tad-deheb immuntata fl-"għoli", baqa' l-pavaljun uffiċjali tal-Akemenidi.<blockquote>U dawk li huma sudditi tiegħu, ittrattahom bi stima u bil-galbu, daqslikieku kienu uliedu stess, filwaqt li s-sudditi tiegħu min-naħa l-oħra kienu jirrispettaw lil Ċiru bħala "Missierhom" ... Liema raġel ieħor jekk mhux "Ċiru", wara li qaleb imperu ta' taħt fuq, qatt miet bit-titlu ta' "Il-Missier" min-nies stess li kien ġabhom taħt il-poter tiegħu? Huwa minnu li dan huwa isem għal xi ħadd li jrodd, iktar milli jieħu!</blockquote>L-istoriku Plutarka (twieled għall-ħabta tas-46 – miet għall-ħabta tal-119 W.K.) jgħid li "l-Persjani, minħabba li Ċiru kellu mnieħru mgħawweġ ganċ, saħansitra sa issa għandhom għal qalbhom l-irġiel b'imnieħer mgħawweġ ganċ u jqisuhom bħala l-iżjed sbieħ". Il-Babiloniżi kienu jqisuh bħala "l-Liberatur", peress li kienu offiżi mill-mexxej preċedenti tagħhom, Nabonidus, li kien wettaq sagrileġġ. Il-Ktieb ta' Eżra jirrakkonta l-ġrajja tal-ewwel ritorn tal-eżiljati fl-ewwel sena ta' Ċiru, fejn Ċiru jipproklama: "Il-Mule, Alla tal-ġenna, tani r-renji kollha tal-art; u Hu tani l-kompitu li nibni tempju f'Ġerusalemm, fil-Ġudea".(Eżra 1:2) Ċiru kien magħruf bl-istess mod bħala statista u bħala suldat. Parzjalment minħabba l-infrastruttura politika li ħoloq, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi dam ferm anke wara mewtu. Il-fatt li l-Persja qamet fuq saqajha taħt it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru kellu impatt kbir fuq il-milja tal-istorja tad-dinja, inkluż fil-forom tal-[[filosofija]], tal-letteratura u tar-reliġjon Iranjani. Ħafna mid-dinastiji Iranjani ta' wara l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi u r-rejiet tagħhom raw lilhom infushom bħala l-werrieta ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u sostnew li qed ikomplu l-legat li ħalla warajh Ċiru. Madankollu, fost l-istudjużi hemm opinjonijiet differenti dwar jekk dan huwiex il-każ ukoll għad-dinastija tas-Sassanidi. Alessandru Manju stess kien infatwat b'Ċiru l-Kbir u kien jammirah, wara li minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u fil-governanza, kif ukoll il-ħiliet tiegħu bħala re u leġiżlatur. Matul iż-żjara tiegħu f'Pasargadae huwa ordna lil Aristobulus biex iżejjen il-kompartiment tal-qabar ta' Ċiru minn ġewwa. Il-legat ta' Ċiru nħass saħansitra sal-[[Iżlanda]] u l-Amerka kolonjali. Ħafna mill-ħassieba u mill-mexxejja tal-Antikità Klassika kif ukoll tar-[[Rinaxximent]] u tal-[[Illuminiżmu]], u l-missirijiet tal-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti tal-Amerka]] ispiraw ruħhom minn Ċiru l-Kbir permezz ta' xogħlijiet bħaċ-''Ċiropedija''. Thomas Jefferson, pereżempju, kellu żewġ kopji taċ-''Ċiropedija'', waħda bit-traduzzjonijiet paralleli bil-Grieg u bil-Latin faċċata ta' xulxin b'marki sostanzjali ta' Jefferson li juru l-ammont ta' influwenza li kellu l-ktieb fuq it-tfassil tad-Dikjarazzjoni tal-Indipendenza tal-Istati Uniti. Skont il-Professur [[Richard Nelson Frye]], Ċiru — li l-ħiliet tiegħu bħala ħakkiem u amministratur joħorġu fid-dieher mil-lonġevità u l-qawwa tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi — kellu rwol kważi mitiku fost il-poplu Persjan "simili għal dak ta' Romulu u Remu f'[[Ruma]] jew [[Mosè]] għall-Iżraeliti", bi ġrajja li "ssegwi permezz ta' bosta dettalji l-ġrajjiet tal-eroj u tal-ħakkiema minn inħawi oħra fid-dinja tal-qedem". Frye jikteb, "Huwa sar l-epitoma tal-kwalitajiet kbar mistennija minn mexxej fid-dinja tal-qedem, u kellu karatteristiċi erojċi bħala ħakkiem li kien tolleranti u ħanin kif ukoll qalbieni u awdaċi. Il-personalità tiegħu kif meqjusa mill-Griegi influwenzathom u lil Alessandru Manju, u peress li t-tradizzjoni ġiet trażmessa mir-Rumani, jaf titqies li influwenzat il-ħsieb tagħna saħansitra issa". It-tmexxija tiegħu ġiet studjata u ammirata minn bosta mill-mexxejja l-kbar, bħal Alessandru Manju, [[Ġulju Ċesri]] u Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru stabbilixxa l-imperu bħala imperu bbażat fuq diversi stati ggvernati minn erba' stati kapitali: Pasargadae, il-Babilonja, Susa u Ecbatana. Huwa ta ċertu ammont ta' awtonomija reġjonali lil kull stat, fil-forma ta' sistema ta' satrapiji. Satrapija kienet unità amministrattiva, li normalment kienet tkun organizzata fuq bażi [[Ġeografija|ġeografika]]. "Satrap" (gvernatur) kien re vassall, li kien jamministra r-reġjun, "ġeneral" kien jissorvelja r-reklutaġġ militari u kien jiżgura l-ordni, u "segretarju statali" kien jieħu ħsieb iż-żamma tar-rekords uffiċjali. Il-ġeneral u s-segretarju statali kienu jaqgħu taħt is-satrap kif ukoll il-gvern ċentrali. Matul ir-renju tiegħu, Ċiru żamm il-kontroll fuq reġjun enormi ta' renji maħkuma, miksuba permezz taż-żamma u tal-espansjoni tas-satrapiji. L-organizzazzjoni ulterjuri tat-territorji ġodda li kienu jinħakmu fi provinċji mmexxijin mis-satrapi tkompliet mis-suċċessur ta' Ċiru, Darius il-Kbir. ==== Strateġija militari ==== L-imperu ta' Ċiru kien ibbażat fuq it-tributi u l-ħlasijiet minn bosta partijiet tar-renju tiegħu. Permezz tal-ħila militari tiegħu, Ċiru ħoloq armata organizzata li kienet tinkludi l-unità tal-Immortali, li kienet tikkonsisti minn 10,000 suldat imħarrġin sew. Il-ħakmiet ta' Ċiru taw il-bidu għal era ġdid ta' bini tal-imperi, fejn superstat enormi, magħmul minn għexieren ta' pajjiżi, razez, reliġjonijiet u lingwi, kien imexxi permezz ta' amministrazzjoni unika bil-gvern ċentrali fit-tmun. Din is-sistema damet għal sekli sħaħ, u nżammet kemm mid-dinastija tas-Selewċidi li kienu l-invażuri waqt il-kontroll tagħhom tal-Persja, u iktar 'il quddiem mid-dinastiji Iranjani, fosthom il-Partiċi u s-Sassanidi. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru has been known for his innovations in building projects; he further developed the technologies that he found in the conquered cultures and applied them in building the palaces of Pasargadae. He was also famous for his love of gardens; the recent excavations in his capital city has revealed the existence of the Pasargadae Persian Garden and a network of irrigation canals. Pasargadae was a place for two magnificent palaces surrounded by a majestic royal park and vast formal gardens; among them was the four-quartered wall gardens of "Paradisia" with over 1000 meters of channels made out of carved limestone, designed to fill small basins at every 16 meters and water various types of wild and domestic flora. The design and concept of Paradisia were exceptional and have been used as a model for many ancient and modern parks, ever since. He also formed an innovative postal system throughout the empire, based on several relay stations called Chapar Khaneh. In 1658, while the Protectorate of Cromwell ruled Britain, the English physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne penned a discourse entitled The Garden of Ċiru, in which Ċiru is depicted as an archetypal wise ruler. However, despite being featured in the title, Ċiru was not a main focus of Browne's work. "Ċiru the elder, brought up in Woods and Mountains, when time and power enabled, pursued the dictate of his education, and brought the treasures of the field into rule and circum-scription. So nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens of Babylon, that he was also thought to be the author thereof." ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== The use of the name ''Kuruş'' as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century Q.K., dating to the time of the Croeseid, the world's first gold coin, originally minted by King Croesus of Lydia. The Croeseid was later continued to be minted and spread in a wide geographical area by Ċiru l-Kbir (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra in 547 Q.K.. Ċiru (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same ''lion and bull'' design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== One of the few surviving sources of information that can be dated directly to Ċiru's time is the Ċiru Cylinder (Persian: استوانه کوروش), a document in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform. It had been placed in the foundations of the Esagila (the temple of Marduk in Babylon) as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest in 539 Q.K.. It was discovered in 1879 and is kept today in the British Museum in London. The text of the cylinder denounces the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus as impious and portrays Ċiru as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It describes how Ċiru had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. Although not mentioned specifically in the text, the repatriation of the Jews from their "Babylonian captivity" has been interpreted as part of this general policy. In the 1970s, the Shah of Iran adopted the Ċiru cylinder as a political symbol, using it "as a central image in his celebration of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy", and asserting that it was "the first human rights charter in history". This view has been disputed by some as "rather anachronistic" and tendentious, as the modern concept of human rights would have been quite alien to Ċiru's contemporaries and is not mentioned by the cylinder. The cylinder has, nonetheless, become seen as part of Iran's cultural identity. The United Nations has declared the relic to be an "ancient declaration of human rights" since 1971, approved by then Secretary General Sithu U Thant, after he "was given a replica by the sister of the Shah of Iran". The British Museum describes the cylinder as "an instrument of ancient Mesopotamian propaganda" that "reflects a long tradition in Mesopotamia where, from as early as the third millennium Q.K., kings began their reigns with declarations of reforms." The cylinder emphasizes Ċiru's continuity with previous Babylonian rulers, asserting his virtue as a traditional Babylonian king while denigrating his predecessor. Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, has stated that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft." He explained that "It has even been described as the first declaration of human rights, and while this was never the intention of the document – the modern concept of human rights scarcely existed in the ancient world – it has come to embody the hopes and aspirations of many." === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== French Iranologist Pierre Briant wrote that, given the poor information we have, "it seems quite reckless to try to reconstruct what the religion of Ċiru might have been." It is also debated whether he was a Zoroastrian or whether Zoroastrianism only becomes involved as the Achaemenid state religion after his lifetime. The evidence in favour of it comes from some of the names of members of Ċiru's family, and similarities between the description of Yahweh in Isaiah 40–48 (which was after Isaiah came into contact with a Persian propagandist under Ċiru's administration who was Zoroastrian) and that of Ahura Mazda in the Gathas. Against the thesis is how Ċiru permitted total freedom of religion and provided funding for the establishment of their temples and other holy sites, as well as a possible late-date for the activity of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, who founded Zoroastrianism. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== The policies of Ċiru with respect to treatment of minority religions are documented in many historical accounts, particularly in Babylonian and Jewish sources. Ċiru had a general policy of religious tolerance throughout his vast empire. Whether this was a new policy or the continuation of policies followed by the Babylonians and Assyrians (as American historian Lester Grabbe maintains) is disputed. He brought peace to the Babylonians and is said to have kept his army away from the temples and restored the statues of the Babylonian gods to their sanctuaries. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== Information about religion and ritual during the reign of Ċiru is also available from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, the Histories of Herodotus, and inscriptions, though these were written in later periods and so must be used carefully. The Ċiru Cylinder was composed in the name of Ċiru with him as the first-person speaker. The Cylinder is highly religious and is framed around the interventions of the Babylonian national god Marduk. It is Marduk who is praised in the outset of the text and whose direct intervention is thought to be responsible for what happened in recent history, and it is Marduk who summons Ċiru for the purpose of righting the wrongs of his predecessor Nabonidus. Furthermore, Ċiru offers respect not only to the cult of Marduk, but also to local cults. One inscription from Uruk states "(Ċiru) loves Esangil and Ezida" while another from Ur mentions that he "returned the gods to their shrines." Another from Babylon or Sippar says that unlike Nabonidus, Ċiru provided proper and even increased the sacrifices for the gods. Additional reliable information may come from the funerary customs around the tomb of Ċiru, which indicates a privileged cult honouring the Iranian god Mithra. Some have also identified the figure depicted in the bas-relief from Pasargadae as Mithra, further indicating the reverence of Ċiru for this deity. Additional evidence further indicates the connection between Ċiru and Mithra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== The treatment of the Jewish people by Ċiru during their exile in Babylon after the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed the Kingdom of Judah is reported in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). Ċiru is represented positively and as an agent of Yahweh, even though he is said to "not know" Yahweh (Isaiah 45:4–5). The Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of Ċiru, which returned the exiles to the Land of Israel from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem in light of Solomon's Temple having been destroyed by Babylonian armies.<blockquote>Thus saith Ċiru, king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD, the God of Heaven given me; and He hath charged me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all His people – the LORD, his God, be with him – let him go there. – (2 Chronicles 36:23)</blockquote>This edict is also fully reproduced in the Book of Ezra.<blockquote>In the first year of King Ċiru, Ċiru the king issued a decree: "Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. And let the cost be paid from the royal treasury. Also let the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God." – (Ezra 6:3–5)</blockquote>The Jews honored him as a dignified and righteous king. In one Biblical passage, Isaiah refers to him as Messiah (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'His anointed one') (Isaiah 45:1), making him the only gentile to be so referred. Elsewhere in Isaiah, God is described as saying, "I will raise up Ċiru in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says God Almighty." (Isaiah 45:13) As the text suggests, Ċiru did ultimately release the nation of Israel from its exile without compensation or tribute. These particular passages (Isaiah 40–55, often referred to as ''Deutero-Isaiah'') are believed by most modern critical scholars to have been added by another author toward the end of the Babylonian exile (''c.'' 536 Q.K.). Josephus, the first-century Jewish historian, relates the traditional view of the Jews regarding the prediction of Ċiru in Isaiah in his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', book 11, chapter 1:<blockquote>In the first year of the reign of Ċiru, which was the seventieth from the day that our people were removed out of their own land into Babylon, God commiserated the captivity and calamity of these poor people, according as he had foretold to them by Jeremiah the prophet, before the destruction of the city, that after they had served Nebuchadnezzar and his posterity, and after they had undergone that servitude seventy years, he would restore them again to the land of their fathers, and they should build their temple, and enjoy their ancient prosperity. And these things God did afford them; for he stirred up the mind of Ċiru, and made him write this throughout all Asia: "Thus saith Ċiru the king: Since God Almighty hath appointed me to be king of the habitable earth, I believe that he is that God which the nation of the Israelites worship; for indeed he foretold my name by the prophets, and that I should build him a house at Jerusalem, in the country of Judea." This was known to Ċiru by his reading the book which Isaiah left behind him of his prophecies; for this prophet said that God had spoken thus to him in a secret vision: "My will is, that Ċiru, whom I have appointed to be king over many and great nations, send back my people to their own land, and build my temple." This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Accordingly, when Ċiru read this, and admired the Divine power, an earnest desire and ambition seized upon him to fulfill what was so written; so he called for the most eminent Jews that were in Babylon, and said to them, that he gave them leave to go back to their own country, and to rebuild their city Jerusalem, and the temple of God, for that he would be their assistant, and that he would write to the rulers and governors that were in the neighborhood of their country of Judea, that they should contribute to them gold and silver for the building of the temple, and besides that, beasts for their sacrifices.</blockquote>While Ċiru is praised in the Tanakh (Isaiah 45:1–6 and Ezra 1:1–11), there was Jewish criticism of him after he was lied to by the Cuthites, who wanted to halt the building of the Second Temple. They accused the Jews of conspiring to rebel, so Ċiru in turn stopped the construction, which would not be completed until 515 Q.K., during the reign of Darius I. According to the Bible, it was King Artaxerxes who was convinced to stop the construction of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4:7–24). The historical nature of this decree has been challenged. Professor Lester L Grabbe argues that there was no decree but that there was a policy that allowed exiles to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. Philip R. Davies called the authenticity of the decree "dubious", citing Grabbe and adding that arguing against "the authenticity of Ezra 1.1–4 is J. Briend, in a paper given at the Institut Catholique de Paris on 15 December 1993, who denies that it resembles the form of an official document but reflects rather biblical prophetic idiom." Mary Joan Winn Leith believes that the decree in Ezra might be authentic and along with the Cylinder that Ċiru, like earlier rulers, was through these decrees trying to gain support from those who might be strategically important, particularly those close to Egypt which he wished to conquer. She also wrote that "appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control." ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura Iżlamika ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == j11ijqn8ttav6zjmhw6q9bs6so1q09m 330812 330811 2026-06-30T10:10:41Z Trigcly 17859 /* Proġetti infrastrutturali */ 330812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bijografija}} '''Ċiru II tal-Persja''' (twieled fis-600 – miet fil-530 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].), magħruf l-iktar bħala '''Ċiru l-Kbir''' (bl-[[Lingwa Ingliża|Ingliż]]: ''Cyrus the Great''), kien il-fundatur tal-[[Imperu tal-Akemenidi]]. Art twelidu kienet Persis u wassal id-dinastija tal-Akemenidi fil-poter billi għeleb l-Imperu Medjan u ħaddan l-istati ċivilizzati preċedenti kollha tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, kabbar l-imperu b'mod vast tul il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Punent tal-[[Asja]] u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Asja Ċentrali, u ħoloq dak li f'qasir żmien sar l-ikbar imperu fl-[[Storja|istorja]] ta' dak iż-żmien. L-ikbar daqs territorjali tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi nkiseb taħt [[Darius I|Darius il-Kbir]], li rrenja f'imperu estiż mix-Xlokk tal-[[Ewropa]] u l-Grigal tal-[[Afrika]] fil-Punent sal-Wied tal-Indus fil-Lvant. Wara li assorba l-Imperu Medjan, Ċiru ħakem lil Lidja u eventwalment l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, u b'hekk kiseb il-kontroll tal-Anatolja u n-Nieqa Għammiela, rispettivament. Huwa mexxa wkoll spedizzjoni ewlenija fl-Asja Ċentrali, fejn l-armata tiegħu wasslet biex "kull nazzjon tissottometti ruħha mingħajr l-ebda eċċezzjoni" qabel ma allegatament miet fil-battalja mal-Massageti, poplu nomadiku tal-Lvant tal-[[Iran]], tul is-Syr Darya f'Diċembru 530 Q.K. Madankollu, skont Xenophon ta' [[Ateni]], Ċiru ma mietx waqt il-ġlied u minflok kien reġa' lura lejn il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Pasargadae]]. Kienet x'kienet id-data ta' [[Mewt|mewtu]], is-suċċessur tiegħu kien ibnu [[Cambyses II]], li wettaq kampanji militari li wasslu għall-ħakmiet tal-[[Eġittu]], tan-Nubja u taċ-Ċirenajka matul ir-renju qasir tiegħu. Għall-Griegi, huwa kien magħruf bħala ''Ċiru x-Xiħ'' (bil-[[Lingwa Griega|Grieg]]: Κῦρος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος, ''Kŷros ho Presbýteros'') u kien partikolarment magħruf fost l-istudjużi kontemporanji minħabba l-[[politika]] abitwali ta' tolleranza għad-drawwiet u għar-[[Reliġjon|reliġjonijiet]] tal-popli fl-artijiet li ħakem. B'mod simili, fil-[[Ġudaiżmu]] jiġi mfaħħar għar-rwol tiegħu fil-liberazzjoni tal-poplu [[Lhud|Lhudi]] mill-Babiloniżi billi ħareġ l-Editt tar-Restawr wara l-ħakma [[Persjani|Persjana]] tal-[[Babilonja]]. Dan l-avveniment jiġi deskritt fil-[[Bibbja]] bl-[[Ebrajk]] bħala r-ritorn lejn Zion (għolja f'[[Ġerusalemm]]), fejn il-Lhud spostati ġew ripatrijati lejn dak li kien ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, u b'hekk iffaċilita l-istabbiliment mill-ġdid tas-sovranità tal-Lhud fl-Art ta' [[Iżrael]]. Ċiru ffaċilita wkoll l-aspirazzjonijiet tal-Lhud għal tempju ġdid f'Ġerusalemm fil-provinċja ta' Yehud tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, fejn qabel kien hemm it-Tempju ta' Salamun oriġinali qabel ma nqered matul l-assedju Babiloniż ta' Ġerusalemm. L-isforzi tiegħu rriżultaw fit-tlestija tat-Tieni Tempju, li mmarkat il-bidu tal-perjodu tat-Tieni Tempju u tal-Ġudaiżmu tat-Tieni Tempju. Skont il-Ktieb ta' Iżaija, huwa ndilek minn Yahweh u ġie ddeżinjat espliċitament bħala l-"messija" għal dan il-kompitu; Ċiru huwa l-unika figura mhux Lhudija li jingħata ġieħ b'dan il-mod. Minbarra l-influwenza tiegħu fuq it-tradizzjonijiet kemm fil-Lvant kif ukoll fil-Punent, Ċiru huwa magħruf għall-kisbiet li għamel fil-politika u fl-istrateġija militari. Huwa kien influwenti fl-iżvilupp ta' sistema ta' amministrazzjoni ċentrali fil-belt kapitali tiegħu biex jiggverna s-satrapiji tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li kienu jaħdmu għall-profitt kemm tal-mexxejja kif ukoll tas-sudditi. Il-prestiġju li kellu fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]] tal-qedem gradwalment laħqet saħansitra sa Ateni, fejn il-Griegi tal-klassi superjuri adottaw aspetti tal-[[kultura]] tal-klassi tat-tmexxija Persjana għalihom stess. Bl-istess mod, ir-renju ta' Ċiru kellu rwol kruċjali fid-definizzjoni tal-istorja tal-Iran għal iktar minn millenju, peress li l-imperi Persjani futuri spiss ħarsu lejn żmien l-Akemenidi b'reverenza u bħala l-eżempju ideali li wieħed għandu jemula. Id-dinastija tiegħu kienet strumentali wkoll biex tippermetti l-iżvilupp taż-[[Żoroastrijaniżmu]] u biex jinfirex saħansitra saċ-[[Ċina]]. Għalhekk, huwa jibqa' figura importanti fl-Iran modern, u l-qabar tiegħu f'Pasargadae jservi bħala post ta' reverenza għal miljuni ta' ċittadini tal-pajjiż. == [[Etimoloġija]] == L-isem Ċiru jew ''Cyrus'' huwa forma [[Lingwa Latina|Latinizzata]] li oriġinat mill-isem Grieg Κῦρος (''Kỹros''), li oriġina mill-isem bil-Persjan Antik ''Kūruš''. L-isem u t-tifsira tiegħu ġew irreġistrati fi ħdan kitbiet imnaqqxin tal-qedem b'[[Lingwa|lingwi]] differenti. L-istoriċi Griegi tal-qedem [[Ċtesju]] u [[Plutarka]] ddikjaraw li Ċiru ngħata isem ix-[[xemx]] (''Kuros''), kunċett li ġie interpretat li jfisser "bħax-xemx" (''Khurvash'') billi tiġi nnotata r-relazzjoni man-nom Persjan għal "xemx", ''khor'', filwaqt li jintuża s-suffiss ''-vash'' għal "bħal". [[Karl Hoffmann]] issuġġerixxa [[traduzzjoni]] bbażata fuq it-tifsira ta' għerq Indo-Ewropew li jfisser "umilja", għaldaqstant l-isem "Ċiru" jfisser "l-umiljatur tal-għadu f'kompetizzjoni verbali". Derivazzjoni Iranjana oħra possibbli hi li l-isem ifisser "iż-żgħir, wild", simili għall-Kurd ''kur'' ("iben, tifel żgħir") jew l-Ossezjan ''i-gur-un'' ("twieled") u ''kur'' (barri żgħir). Bil-[[lingwa Persjana]] u speċjalment fl-Iran, isem Ċiru jiġi spellut bħala کوروش (''Kūroš'', [kuːˈɾoʃ]). Fil-Bibbja, bil-lingwa Ebrajka jissejjaħ bħala ''Koresh'' (כורש‎). Xi bċejjeċ ta' evidenza jissuġġerixxu li Ċiru huwa Kay Khosrow, re Persjan leġġendarju tad-dinastija Kajanjana u karattru f'''Shahnameh'', ġrajja epika Persjana. Madankollu, xi studjużi jemmnu li la Ċiru u lanqas Cambyses ma kienu ismijiet Iranjani, u jipproponu li Ċiru kellu oriġini Elamita u li l-isem kien ifisser "dak li jindokra" bil-lingwa Elamita estinta. Raġuni waħda għal dan hi li filwaqt li l-ismijiet Elamiti jaf jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-uš'', l-ebda test bl-Elamit ma jispelli l-isem b'dan il-mod – ''Kuraš'' biss. Fl-istess ħin, il-Persjan Antik ma kienx jippermetti li l-ismijiet jispiċċaw b'<nowiki/>''-aš'', għaldaqstant jagħmel sens għall-kelliema Persjani li jibdlu ''Kuraš'' oriġinali f'forma iktar korretta grammatikament bħal ''Kuruš''. L-iskribi Elamiti, min-naħa l-oħra, ma kienx ikollhom għalfejn jibdlu l-isem oriġinali ''Kuraš'' f'''Kuruš'', peress li ż-żewġ forom kienu aċċettabbli. Għalhekk, ''Kuraš'' x'aktarx li jirrappreżenta l-forma oriġinali. Opinjoni oħra tal-istudjużi hi li ''Kuruš'' kien isem ta' oriġini Indo-Arjana, f'ġieħ il-merċenarji Indo-Arjani Kuru u Kamboja mil-Lvant tal-[[Afganistan]] u l-Majjistral tal-[[Indja]] li għenu fil-ħakma tal-Lvant Nofsani. == Storja dinastika == Id-dominanza Persjana u r-renju Persjan fil-promontorju Iranjan bdew bħala estensjoni tad-dinastija tal-Akemenidi, li wessgħu d-dominju bikri tagħhom x'aktarx mis-seklu 9 Q.K. 'il quddiem. Il-fundatur li ta ismu għad-dinastija kien [[Achaemenes]] (mill-Persjan Antik ''Haxāmaniš''). L-Akemenidi huma d-"dixxendenti ta' Achaemenes", peress li Darius il-Kbir, id-disa' re tad-dinastija, traċċa n-nisel tiegħu lejh, u ddikjara "għal din ir-raġuni, li aħna nissejħu Akemenidi". Achaemenes bena l-istat ta' Parsumash fil-Lbiċ tal-Iran u s-suċċessur tiegħu kien [[Teispes]], li ħa t-titlu ta' "Re ta' Anshan" wara li ħataf il-belt Anshan u kabbar ir-renju tiegħu iktar biex jinkludi lil Pars ukoll. Id-dokumenti tal-qedem isemmu li Teispes kellu iben imsejjaħ [[Ċiru I]], li kien ukoll is-suċċessur ta' missieru bħala "Re ta' Anshan". Ċiru I kellu lil ħuh li ismu ġie rreġistrat bħala Ariaramnes. Fis-600 Q.K., is-suċċessur ta' Ċiru I kien ibnu, [[Cambyses I]], li rrenja sal-559 Q.K. Ċiru II jew "Ċiru l-Kbir" kien iben Cambyses I, li semma lil ibnu għal missieru, Ċiru I. Hemm diversi kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u tar-rejiet ta' warajh li jirreferu għal Cambyses I bħala "re kbir" u "re ta' Anshan". Fosthom hemm siltiet fiċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru fejn Ċiru jsejjaħ lilu nnifsu bħala "iben Cambyses, re kbir, re ta' Anshan". Kitba mnaqqxa oħra ssemmi lil Cambyses I bħala "re setgħan" u "Akemenidu", li skont il-maġġoranza tal-istudjużi tnaqqxet taħt Darius u titqies bħala ffalsifikar minn Darius. Madankollu, in-nannu min-naħa ta' omm Cambyses II, Pharnaspes, jissejjaħ mill-istoriku Erodotu bħala "Akemenidu". Ir-rakkont ta' Xenophon fiċ-Ċiropedija jsemmi lill-mara ta' Cambyses bħala Mandane u jsemmi lil Cambyses bħala r-re tal-Iran (Persja tal-qedem). Dawn jaqblu mal-kitbiet imnaqqxin ta' Ċiru stess, peress li Anshan u Parsa kienu ismijiet differenti tal-istess art. Dawn jaqblu wkoll ma' rakkonti mhux Iranjani oħra, għajr f'punt partikolari ta' Erodotu fejn jistqarr li Cambyses ma kienx re iżda "Persjan minn familja tajba". Madankollu, f'xi siltiet oħra, ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu huwa żbaljat anke rigward l-isem ta' iben Chishpish, li jsemmih bħala Cambyses iżda skont l-istudjużi moderni suppost huwa Ċiru I. Il-ħsieb tradizzjonali bbażat fuq ir-riċerka [[Arkeoloġija|arkeoloġika]] u l-ġenealoġija mogħtija fil-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun u minn Erodotu jsostni li Ċiru l-Kbir kien Akemenidu. Madankollu, M. Waters issuġġerixxa li Ċiru ma għandux rabta mal-Akemenidid jew ma' Darius il-Kbir, u li l-familja tiegħu kellha oriġini Tejspida u Anxanita. === Titli === It-titli rjali sħaħ tiegħu kienu Re Kbir, Re tal-Persja, Re ta' Anshan, Re ta' Medija, Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-[[Sumerja]] u ta' [[Akkad]], u Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tinnota l-bidla fit-titlu tiegħu minn "Re ta' Anshan" għal "Re tal-Persja". L-Assirjologu [[François Vallat]] kiteb li "Meta Astyages immarċja kontra Ċiru, Ċiru jissejjaħ "Re ta' Anshan", iżda meta Ċiru jaqsam ix-xmara Tigris fi triqtu lejn Lidja, huwa jissejjaħ bħala r-"Re tal-Persja". Għaldaqstant il-kolp ta' stat seħħ bejn dawn iż-żewġ avvenimenti". === Arblu tar-razza === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" !Arblu tar-razza ta' Ċiru |- | {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Achaemenes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Teispes''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ariaramnes Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Ċiru I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Arsames Mexxej tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Cambyses I Mexxej ta' Anshan | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Hystaspes Prinċep | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Ċiru l-Kbir''' '''(Ċiru II)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Darius''' '''il-Kbir''' '''(Darius I)''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |'''Cambyses II''' Re tal-Persja | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Bardiya (Smerdis) Prinċep (impostur taparsi Gaumata mexxa bħala Smerdis) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Artystone Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |Atossa Prinċipessa | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- |} |- |'''Noti:''' # Mexxejja mhux ikkonfermati, minħabba l-Kitba Mnaqqxa tal-Għolja ta' Behistun. |} == Ħajja bikrija u personali == Ċiru kien iben Cambyses I, Re ta' Anshan, u Mandane, bint Astyages, Re ta' Medija, għall-ħabta tas-600 jew il-599 Q.K. Skont stess, li ġeneralment issa jitqies bħala akkurat, Ċiru ġie ppreċedut bħala re minn missieru Cambyses I, nannuh Ċiru I, u bużnannuh Teispes. Ċiru żżewweġ lil Cassandane li kienet Akemenida u bint Pharnaspes. Flimkien ma' Cassandane kellu żewġ ulied subien, Cambyses II u Bardiya flimkien ma' tliet ulied bniet, Atossa, Artystone u Roxane. Kien magħruf li Ċiru u Cassandane kienu jħobbu lil xulxin ħafna – Cassandane qalet li għaliha kien ikun iktar iebes li titlaq lil Ċiru milli tmut. Wara mewtha, Ċiru insista li jkun hemm luttu pubbliku mar-renju kollu. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tistqarr li l-Babilonja għamlet luttu ta' 6 ijiem għal Cassandane (identifikati bħala l-21–26 ta' Marzu 538 Q.K.). Wara l-mewt ta' missieru, Ċiru wiret it-tron Persjan f'Pasargadae, li kienet vassall ta' Astyages. L-istoriku Grieg [[Strabo]] qal li Ċiru oriġinarjament kien issejjaħ Agradates mill-ġenituri tar-rispett tiegħu. Jista' jkun li meta ngħaqad mal-familja oriġinali tiegħi, skont id-drawwiet tat-tismija, missier Ċiru, Cambyses I, semmih Ċiru f'ġieħ nannuh, li kien Ċiru I. Hemm ukoll rakkont ta' Strabo fejn sostna li Agradates adotta l-isem Ċiru għax-xmara Ċiru qrib Pasargadae. === Mitoloġija === Erodotu ta rakkont mitoloġiku tal-ħajja bikrija ta' Ċiru. F'dan ir-rakkont, Astyages kellu żewġ ħolmiet profetiċi fejn għargħar u mbagħad sensiela ta' vinji li jarmu l-[[frott]] tfaċċaw minn ħoġor bintu Mandane, u ksew ir-renju kollu. Dawn ġew interpretati mill-konsulenti tiegħu bħala tbassir li n-neputi tiegħu xi darba kien se jirribella u jeħodlu postu bħala re. Astyages ikkonvoka lil Mandane meta kienet tqila b'Ċiru biex terġa' lura lejn [[Hegmataneh|Ecbatana]] biex il-wild tagħha jinqatel. Il-ġeneral tiegħu Harpagus iddelega dan il-kompitu lil Mithradates, wieħed mir-[[Ragħaj|rgħajja]] ta' Astyages, li rabba l-wild u ta t-tarbija tiegħu li twieldet mejta lil Harpagus bħala t-tarbija l-mejta taparsi kienet Ċiru. Ċiru għex fis-segretezza, iżda meta għalaq 10 snin, waqt logħba ta' tfulitu, wassal biex iben nobbli jissawwat meta rrifjuta li jobdi l-kmandi ta' Ċiru. Peress li kienet xi ħaġa mhux komuni li iben ragħaj iwettaq att bħal dak, Astyages ordna li t-tifel jitressaq quddiem il-qorti tiegħu, u intervista lilu u lill-missier adottiv tiegħu. Wara l-konfessjoni tar-ragħaj, Astyages bagħat lil Ċiru lura lejn il-Persja biex jgħix mal-ġenituri [[Bijoloġija|bijoloġiċi]] tiegħu. Madankollu, Astyages ikkonvoka lil iben Harpagus, u bħala tpattija qattgħu biċċiet, xewa xi partijiet minnu u għalla oħrajn, u qarraq bil-konsulent tiegħu sabiex jiekol lil ibnu stess waqt bankett kbir. Wara l-bankett, il-qaddejja ta' Astyages lil Harpagus ġabulu ras ibnu flimkien ma' idejh u saqajh fuq platti, sabiex jinduna li mingħajr ma jaf kien qed jagħmel [[kannibaliżmu]]. == Poter == === Suċċessjoni għal Medija === Ċiru l-Kbir tela' fuq it-tron fil-559 Q.K. wara l-mewt ta' missieru; madankollu, Ċiru kien għadu ma kienx mexxej indipendenti. Bħall-predeċessuri tiegħu, Ċiru kellu jirrikonoxxi lil Medija bħala superjuri. Astyages, l-aħħar re tal-Imperu ta' Medija u n-nannu ta' Ċiru, x'aktarx li rrenja fuq il-maġġoranza tal-Lvant Qarib tal-qedem, mill-fruntiera Lidjana fil-Punent sal-artijiet tal-Partiċi u tal-Persjani fil-Lvant. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, Astyages nieda attakk kontra Ċiru, "Re ta' Ansan". Skont l-istoriku Erodotu, huwa magħruf li Astyages poġġa lil Harpagus fil-kmand tal-armata ta' Medija biex jegħleb lil Ċiru. Madankollu, Harpagus ikkuntattja lil Ċiru u ħeġġu jirvilla kontra Medija, qabel ma eventwalment telaq mill-armata flimkien ma' diversi nobbli oħra u parti mill-armata. Dan l-ammutinament huwa kkonfermat mill-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus. Din il-kronaka tissuġġerixxi li l-ostilitajiet damu għaddejjin għal mill-inqas 3 snin (553–550 Q.K.), u l-battalja finali rriżultat fil-ħtif ta' Ecbatana. Dan ġie deskritt fil-paragrafu ta' qabel id-daħla tas-seba' sena ta' Nabonidus, li spjegat fid-dettall ir-rebħa ta' Ċiru u l-ħtif ta' nannuh. Skont l-istoriċi Erodotu u Ċtesju, Ċiru ma qatilx lil Astyages u żżewweġ lil bintu, Amytis. Dan iż-żwieġ ippaċifika diversi vassalli, inkluż il-Baktrijani, il-Partiċi u s-Saka. Ċiru ssottometta u inkorpora lil Sogdija fl-imperu matul il-kampanji militari tiegħu tal-546–539 Q.K.. B'Astyages mhux fil-poter, il-vassalli kollha tiegħu (inkluż bosta mill-qrabat ta' Ċiru) issa kienu taħt il-kmand tiegħu. Il-kuġin ta' missieru Arsames, li kien ir-re tal-belt-stat ta' Parsa taħt il-Medes, għaldaqstant kellu jċedi t-tron. Madankollu, dan it-trasferiment tal-poter fi ħdan il-familja milli jidher mexa ħarir, u x'aktarx li Arsames kien għadu l-gvernatur nominali ta' Parsa taħt l-awtorità ta' Ċiru — iktar bħala Prinċep jew Gran Duka milli Re. Ibnu, Hystaspes, li kien is-sekondokuġin ta' Ċiru, imbagħad sar is-satrap ta' Parthia u ta' Phrygia. Ċiru l-Kbir b'hekk unifika r-renji Akemenidi tewmin ta' Parsa u ta' Anshan fil-Persja. Arsames kien għadu ħaj meta n-neputi tiegħu sar Darius il-Kbir, Shahanshah tal-Persja, wara li mietu ż-żewġ ulied subien ta' Ċiru. Il-ħakma ta' Medija min-naħa ta' Ċiru kienet sempliċement il-bidu tal-gwerer tiegħu. === Ħakma ta' Lidja u tal-Asja Minuri === Id-dati preċiżi tal-ħakma ta' Lidja mhux magħrufa, iżda x'aktarx li seħħet bejn meta Ċiru għeleb ir-renju ta' Medija (550 Q.K.) u meta ħakem il-Babilonja (539 Q.K.). Fl-imgħoddi kienet xi ħaġa komuni li s-sena tal-ħakma titqies bħala l-547 Q.K. minħabba xi interpretazzjonijiet tal-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus, iżda din il-pożizzjoni attwalment ma tantx għadha tinżamm. Il-Lidjani l-ewwel attakkaw il-belt ta' Pterija tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi f'Cappadocia. Ir-re ta' Lidja Croesus assedja u ħataf il-belt u jassar lill-abitanti tagħha. Sadanittant, il-Persjani stiednu liċ-ċittadini ta' Jonja li kienu parti mir-renju ta' Lidja biex jirvellaw kontra l-mexxej tagħhom. L-offerta ġiet irroftata, u b'hekk Ċiru impjega armata u mmarċja kontra l-Lidjani, u żied l-għadd ta' suldati iktar ma għadda minn nazzjonijiet differenti fi triqtu. Effettivament il-Battalja tal-Persja ma kellhiex rebbieħa, u ż-żewġ naħat ġarrbu bosta mwiet sal-wasla tal-lejl. Croesus irtira lejn [[Sardis]] l-għada filgħodu. Meta kien Sardis, Croesus bagħat talbiet biex l-alleati tiegħu jibagħtu l-għajnuna lil Lidja. Madankollu, qrib tmiem ix-xitwa, qabel l-alleati setgħu jingħaqdu, Ċiru l-Kbir ressaq il-gwerra fit-territorju Lidjan u assedja lil Croesus fil-belt kapitali tiegħu, Sardis. Ftit qabel il-Battalja finali ta' Thymbra bejn iż-żewġ mexxejja, Harpagus ta parir lil Ċiru l-Kbir biex iqiegħed id-dromedarji tiegħu quddiem il-ġellieda tiegħu; iż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] Lidjani, mhux imdorrijin għar-riħa tad-dromedarji, kien jitgerrxu ħafna. L-istrateġija ħadmet; iż-żwiemel tal-armata Lidjana sfrattaw. Ċiru għeleb u qabad lil Croesus. B'hekk Ċiru okkupa l-belt kapitali ta' Sardis, u ħakem ir-renju Lidjan fil-546 Q.K. Skont Erodotu, Ċiru l-Kbir ħenn għal Croesus u ma qatlux; minflok żammu bħala konsulent tiegħu, iżda dan ir-rakkont ma jaqbilx ma xi traduzzjonijiet tal-Kronaka kontemporanja ta' Nabonidus li skonthom ir-re ta' Lidja nqatel. Qabel ma Ċiru reġa' lura lejn il-belt kapitali, Commagene ġiet inkorporata fil-Persja fil-546 Q.K. Iktar 'il quddiem, Lidjan jismu Pactyas ġie fdat minn Ċiru biex jibgħat t-teżor ta' Croesus lejn il-Persja. Madankollu, ftit wara t-tluq ta' Ċiru, Pactyas qabbad lil xi merċenarji u kkawża rvell f'Sardis, b'rewwixta kontra s-satrap Persjan ta' Lidja, Tabalus. Ċiru bagħat lil Mazares, wieħed mill-kmandanti tiegħu, biex irażżan ir-rewwixta iżda talab li Pactyas jiġi rritornat ħaj. Mal-wasla ta' Mazares, Pactyas ħarab lejn Jonja, fejn kien qabbad iktar merċenarji. Mazares immarċja flimkien mat-truppi tiegħu fit-territorju Grieg u ssottometta l-bliet ta' Magnesia u Priene. Id-destin ta' Pactyas baqa' mhux magħruf, iżda wara li nħataf, x'aktarx li ntbagħat għand Ċiru u ġie ttorturat u ġustizzjat. Mazares baqa' għaddej bil-ħakma tal-Asja Minuri iżda miet b'kawżi mhux magħrufa matul il-kampanja militari tiegħu f'Jonja. Ċiru bagħat lil Harpagus biex ilesti l-konkwista ta' Mazares tal-Asja Minuri. Harpagus ħataf lil Liċja, Aeolia u Caria, billi uża t-teknika tal-kostruzzjoni ta' tumbati tal-ħamrija mas-swar sabiex is-suldati jkunu jistgħu jitilgħu mas-swar tal-bliet assedjati, metodu li ma kienx magħruf mill-Griegi. Huwa temm il-konkwista tiegħu tal-inħawi fil-542 Q.K. u rritorna lejn il-Persja. === Ħakmiet fl-Asja Ċentrali u fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja === Wara l-ħakma ta' Lidja, Ċiru wettaq kampanja militari fil-Lvant bejn il-545 Q.K. u l-540 Q.K. Ċiru l-ewwel ipprova jaħkem lil Gedrosia, madankollu ġarrab telfa deċiżiva u telaq minn Gedrosia. Gedrosia x'aktarx li nħakmet matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Wara t-tentattiv ta' ħakma ta' Gedrosia li falla, Ċiru attakka r-reġjuni tal-Baktrija, Arachosia, Sogdia, Saka, Chorasmia, Margiana u provinċji oħra fil-Lvant. Fil-533 Q.K., Ċiru l-Kbir qasam il-muntanji [[Ħinduiżmu|Induisti]] ta' Kush u ġabar it-tributi mill-bliet max-xmara Indus. B'hekk, Ċiru x'aktarx kien stabbilixxa stati vassalli fil-Punent tal-Indja. Imbagħad Ċiru reġa' lura l-Babilonja flimkien mal-armata tiegħu minħabba l-irvelli li kien hemm madwar il-Babilonja. === Ħakma tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż === Sal-540 Q.K., Ċiru ħataf lil Elam u l-belt kapitali tagħha, [[Susa]]. Il-Kronaka ta' Nabonidus tirreġistra li , qabel il-battalja/i, ir-re tal-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż, Nabonidus, kien ordna li jinġiebu [[Statwa|statwi]] mill-bliet periferiċi Babiloniżi lejn il-belt kapitali, u ssuġġerixxa li l-kunflitt kien beda x'aktarx fix-xitwa tal-540 Q.K. Eżatt qabel Ottubru 539 Q.K., Ċiru ġġieled il-Battalja ta' Opis fil-belt strateġika ta' Opis fuq ix-xmara Tigris, fit-Tramuntana tal-Babilonja, jew fil-qrib tagħha. L-armata Babiloniża ġiet sfrattata u fl-10 ta' Ottubru, Sippar nħatfet mingħajr battalja, bi kważi l-ebda reżistenza mill-popolin. X'aktarx li Ċiru daħal f'negozjati mal-ġenerali Babiloniżi biex jinkiseb kompromess min-naħa tagħhom u għaldaqstant jiġi evitat kunflitt armat. Nabonidus, li kien irtira lejn Sippar wara t-telfa li ġarrab f'Opis, ħarab lejn [[Borsippa]]. Għall-ħabta tat-12 ta' Ottubru, it-truppi tal-ġeneral Persjan Gubaru daħlu fil-Babilonja, mill-ġdid mingħajr l-ebda reżistenza mill-armati Babiloniżi, u Nabonidus ġie detenut. Erodotu jispjega li sabiex jiksbu dan, il-Persjani użaw baċir li kien tħaffer qabel mir-reġina Babiloniża Nitokris biex tipproteġi l-Babilonja mill-attakki ta' Medija, iddevjaw ix-xmara Ewfrate f'kanal sabiex il-livell tal-ilma jinżel "sal-għoli ta' nofs riġel ta' raġel", u b'hekk il-qawwiet invażuri setgħu jimmarċjaw direttament fil-baċir tax-xmara biex jidħlu fil-belt billejl. Ftit wara, Nabonidus irritorna minn Borsippa u arrenda kontra Ċiru. Fid-29 ta' Ottubru, Ċiru daħal fil-belt tal-Babilonja. Qabel l-invażjoni tal-Babilonja min-naħa ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu Neo-Babiloniż kien ħakem bosta renji. Minbarra l-Babilonja, Ċiru x'aktarx li inkorpora l-entitajiet sottonazzjonali tagħha fl-Imperu tiegħu, inkluż is-[[Sirja]], il-Ġudea u l-''Arabia Petraea'', għalkemm ma hemm l-ebda evidenza diretta li ssostni din is-suppożizzjoni. Wara li ħa l-Babilonja, Ċiru l-Kbir ipproklama lilu nnifsu "Re tal-Babilonja, Re tas-Sumerja u Re ta' Akkad, Re tal-Erba' Rkejjen tad-Dinja" fiċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, kitba mnaqqxa fuq ċilindru li ġie ddepożitat fil-pedamenti tat-Tempju ta' Esagila ddedikat lill-alla Babiloniż ewlieni, Marduk. It-test taċ-ċilindru jmaqdar lil Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jpinġi lir-rebbieħ Ċiru bħala li qed ipaxxi lill-alla Marduk. It-test jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-ħajja taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, wettaq ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati, u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm uħud asserixxu li ċ-ċilindru jirrappreżenta karta tad-drittijiet tal-[[bniedem]], l-istoriċi ġeneralment jiddeskrivuh fil-kuntest ta' tradizzjoni dejjiema tal-Mesopotamja fejn il-mexxejja l-ġodda jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi. Id-dominji ta' Ċiru l-Kbir kienu jirrappreżentaw l-ikbar imperu li qatt rat id-dinja sa dak iż-żmien. Fi tmiem it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi kien estiż mill-Asja Minuri fil-Punent sax-xmara Indus fil-Lvant. == Mewt == === Narrattivi kunfliġġenti === Id-dettalji dwar il-mewt ta' Ċiru jvarjaw minn rakkont għal ieħor. Ċtesju, fil-''Persica'' tiegħu, għandu l-itwal rakkont, fejn jgħid li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jgħakkes ir-reżistenza tas-suldati ta' Derbices, megħjun minn arċiera u suldati Xitjani oħra rekbin iż-żwiemel, kif ukoll Indjani flimkien mal-[[Iljunfant|iljunfanti]] tal-gwerra tagħhom. Skontu, dan l-avveniment seħħ fil-Grigal tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. Ir-rakkont ta' Erodotu minn ''L-Istorji'' tiegħu jipprovdi t-tieni l-itwal dettall, fejn Ċiru miet f'battalja qalila mal-Massageti, konfederazzjoni tribali Xitjana mid-deżerti tan-Nofsinhar ta' Khwarezm u ta' Kyzyl Kum fl-iktar parti fin-Nofsinhar tar-reġjuni tal-Isteppa Ewrasjatika tal-[[Każakistan]] u tal-[[Użbekistan]] moderni, skont il-parir ta' Croesus biex jattakkahom fit-territorju tagħhom stess. Il-Massageti kienu relatati max-Xitjani fl-ilbies u fl-istil ta' ħajja tagħhom; kien jiġġieldu rekbin iż-żwiemel u mingħajr żwiemel. Sabiex jirbaħ l-approvazzjoni tagħha, Ċiru l-ewwel bagħat offerta ta' żwieġ lill-mexxejja tagħhom, ir-reġina Tomyris, iżda hi ma laqgħetx il-prosposta. Imbagħad hu beda t-tentattiv tiegħu li jieħu t-territorju tal-Massageti bil-forza (għall-ħabta tal-529 Q.K.), l-ewwel nett billi jibni pontijiet u dgħajjes tal-gwerra għoljin man-naħa tiegħu tax-xmara Oxus jew Amu Darya, li kienet tisseparahom. Ir-reġina tal-Massageti bagħtet twissija biex ma joqrobx iktar (twissija li stqarret li kienet qed tistenna li ma titqiesx xorta waħda), u wara Tomyris sfidatu biex jiltaqa' mal-qawwiet tagħha fi gwerra onorevoli, u stednitu f'post f'pajjiżha jum ta' mmarċjar 'il bogħod mix-xmara, fejn iż-żewġ armati tagħhom kellhom jiltaqgħu formalment u jiġġieldu kontra xulxin. Huwa aċċetta l-offerta tagħha, iżda kif sar jaf li l-Massageti ma kinux midħla tal-inbid u tal-effetti tiegħu, huwa lesta biex jitlaq il-kamp tiegħu u ħalla ħafna nbid warajh apposta, u ħa l-aqwa suldati tiegħu miegħu u ħalla warajh dawk li kienu l-inqas kapaċi. Il-ġeneral tal-armata ta' Tomyris, Spargapises, li kien ukoll binha, u terz tat-truppi tal-Massageti, qatlu l-grupp li Ċiru ħalla warajh, u kif sabu l-kamp mimli provvisti tal-ikel u l-inbid, mingħajr ma jafu sikru, u b'hekk ma tantx baqgħu kapaċi jiddefendu lilhom infushom meta ġew affrontati b'attakk sorpriża. B'hekk ġarrbu telfa, u għalkemm ittieħed bħala priġunier, Spargapises wettaq [[suwiċidju]] ladarba reġa' ġie f'tiegħu mis-sakra. Malli saret taf x'kien ġara, Tomyris maqdret it-tattiki ta' Ċiru bħala żleali u ħalfet li tpattihielu, u mexxiet it-tieni mewġa ta' truppi hi stess f'battalja. Ċiru l-Kbir fl-aħħar mill-aħħar inqatel, u l-qawwiet tiegħu ġarrbu bosta mwiet f'dik li Erodotu rrefera għaliha bħala l-iżjed battalja qalila tal-karriera tiegħu u tad-dinja tal-qedem. Meta ntemmet, Tomyris ordnat li l-katavru ta' Ċiru jinġieb lura għandha, imbagħad qatgħetlu rasu u billet rasu f'reċipjent ta' [[demm]] f'ġest simboliku ta' tpattija għall-kilba tiegħu u għall-mewt ta' binha. Madankollu, xi studjużi jiddubitaw din il-verżjoni, l-iktar minħabba li anke Erodotu jammetti li dan l-avveniment kien waħda mill-bosta verżjonijiet tal-mewt ta' Ċiru li kien suppost kien sema' minn sors affidabbli li qallu li ma kien hemm ħadd biex jara x'kien ġara tassew. Erodotu jirrakkonta wkoll li Ċiru fil-ħolm tiegħu ra lil ibnu l-kbir, Hystaspes (Darius I), bil-ġwienaħ fuq spallejh, bid-dell b'ġewnaħ minnhom fuq l-Asja, u bl-oħra lill-Ewropa. L-arkeologu Sir [[Max Mallowan]] jispjega din l-istqarrija ta' Erodotu u r-rabta tagħha mal-bassoriljiev tal-figura b'erba' ġwienaħ ta' Ċiru l-Kbir b'dan il-mod:<blockquote>Għaldaqstant, Erodotu nsostni li x'aktarx kien jaf bir-rabta mill-qrib ta' dan it-tip ta' figura bil-ġwienaħ u x-xbieha tal-maestà Iranjana, li huwa assoċjaha ma' ħolma li tbassarlu l-mewt tar-re qabel l-aħħar kampanja militari fatali tiegħu fix-xmara Oxus.</blockquote>[[Muhammad Dandamayev]] jgħid li l-Persjani jaf ħadu l-katavru ta' Ċiru lura mingħand il-Massageti, għad-differenza ta' dak li qal Erodotu. Skont il-Kronaka ta' Mikiel is-Sirjan (1166–1199 [[WK|W.K]].), Ċiru nqatel mill-mara tiegħu Tomyris, ir-reġina tal-Massageti (Maksata), fis-60 sena tal-jasar tal-Lhud. Rakkont ieħor miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon tikkontradixxi r-rakkonti l-oħra, u ssostni li Ċiru miet b'mod paċifiku fil-belt kapitali tiegħu. Il-verżjoni finali tal-mewt ta' Ċiru tasal mingħand Berossus, li jirrapporta biss li Ċiru miet waqt li kien qed jiġġieled kontra l-arċiera ta' Dahae fil-Majjistral tas-sors tax-xmara Syr Darya. === Post tad-dfin === Il-fdalijiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir jaf indifnu fil-belt kapitali tiegħu ta' Pasargadae, fejn illum hemm qabar tal-[[ġebla tal-ġir]] (li nbena għall-ħabta tal-540–530 Q.K.) li għadu jeżisti, u ħafna jemmnu li huwa tiegħu. Strabo u Arrian jipprovdu deskrizzjonijiet kważi identiċi tal-qabar, abbażi tar-rapport ta' xhieda ta' Aristobulus ta' Cassandreia, li fuq talba ta' [[Alessandru Manju]] żar il-qabar darbtejn. Għalkemm il-belt innifisha issa tinsab fi stat ta' fdalijiet, il-post tad-dfin ta' Ċiru l-Kbir baqa' pjuttost intatt, u l-qabar ġie parzjalment irrestawrat mid-deterjorament naturali li seħħ tul is-sekli. Skont Plutarka, fuq l-epitaffju tiegħu kien hemm dan li ġej:<blockquote>Int min int u ġej minn fejn ġej, naf li se tiġi, jien Ċiru li rebaħ l-imperu għall-Persjani. Għaldaqstant tmaqdarnix għax ħadt din il-biċċa art biex fiha jintradam l-għadam tiegħi.</blockquote>L-evidenza tal-kitbiet kunejformi mnaqqxa fil-Babilonja turi bil-provi li Ċiru miet għall-ħabta ta' Diċembru 530 Q.K., u li ibnu Cambyses II kien sar ir-re. Cambyses kompla l-politika ta' espansjoni ta' missieru, u ħataf l-Eġittu għall-Imperu, iżda miet wara 7 snin biss ta' tmexxija. Is-suċċessur tiegħu kien jew l-iben l-ieħor ta' Ċiru, Bardiya, jew impostur taparsi Bardiya, li sar l-uniku mexxej tal-Persja għal 7 xhur, sa ma nqatel minn Darius il-Kbir. Ir-rakkonti Rumani u Griegi tal-qedem li ġew tradotti jipprovdu deskrizzjoni ċara tal-qabar kemm [[Ġeometrija|ġeometrikament]] kif ukoll estetikament; l-għamla ġeometrika tal-qabar ma tantx inbidlet tul is-snin, u għad għandha għamla kwadrangolari kbira tal-ġebel fil-bażi, segwita minn suċċessjoni piramidali ta' ġebel rettangolari iżgħar, sa ftit ċangaturi wara, fejn l-istruttura hija mħaddna minn binja, b'saqaf ġej għal ħnejja magħmul mill-ġebel b'għamla piramidali, b'fetħa jew tieqa żgħira mal-ġenb, fejn anke l-irqaq raġel fid-dinja bil-kemm ikun jista' jidħol ġewwa minnha. Fi ħdan din il-binja kien hemm tebut tad-deheb, imserraħ fuq mejda b'riffieda tad-deheb, u fih indifen il-katavru ta' Ċiru l-Kbir. Fuq il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm kisja bit-tapizzerija u bid-drappijiet magħmula mill-aqwa materjali Babiloniżi, bl-użu tal-ifjen sengħa ta' Medija; taħt il-post tad-dfin tiegħu kien hemm tapit aħmar fin, li jkopri l-parti rettangolari dejqa tal-qabar tiegħu. Ir-rakkonti Griegi tradotti jiddeskrivu l-qabar bħala li tqiegħed fil-ġonna għammiela ta' Pasargadae, imdawwar bis-siġar u bl-arbuxxelli ornamentali, b'grupp ta' protetturi Akemenidi msejħa l-"Maġi", stazzjonati fil-qrib biex jipproteġu l-binja mis-serq jew minn kwalunkwe ħsara. Snin wara, fil-kaos li nħoloq minħabba l-invażjoni tal-Persja min-naħa ta' Alessandru Manju u wara t-telfa li ġarrab [[Darius III]], xi ħadd irnexxilu jidħol fil-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-affarijiet lussużi li kien hemm ġo fih insterqu. Meta Alessandru wasal fejn il-qabar, huwa baqa' mistagħġeb mill-mod kif kien ittrattat il-qabar, u staqsa spjegazzjonijiet mingħand il-Maġi u ressaqhom quddiem il-qorti. F'xi rakkonti, id-deċiżjoni ta' Alessandru li l-Maġi jitressqu quddiem il-qorti kienet iktar bħala tentattiv biex jimminalhom l-influwenza tagħhom u juri l-poter tiegħu fl-imperu maħkum il-ġdid tiegħu, milli tħassib għall-qabar ta' Ċiru. Madankollu, Alessandru kien jammira lil Ċiru, u minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u l-governanza tiegħu bħala re u bħala leġiżlatur. Fi kwalunkwe każ, Alessandru ordna lil Aristobulus itejjeb il-kundizzjoni tal-qabar u jirrestawrah minn ġewwa. Minkejja l-ammirazzjoni tiegħu għal Ċiru l-Kbir, u t-tentattivi tiegħu ta' rinnovazzjoni tal-qabar, 6 snin qabel (330 Q.K.) Alessandru kien seraq ir-rikkezzi ta' Persepolis, il-belt opulenti li Ċiru jaf għażel is-sit tagħha, u jew ordna li tingħata n-nar bħala att ta' propaganda favur il-Griegi jew taha n-nar meta kien fis-sakra. Il-binja baqgħet teżisti minkejja t-trapass taż-żmien, l-invażjonijiet, id-diviżjonijiet interni, l-imperi suċċessivi, il-bidliet ta' reġimi u r-rivoluzzjonijiet. L-aħħar figura Persjana prominenti li xeħtet l-attenzjoni fuq il-qabar kienet [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (Shah tal-Iran), l-aħħar monarka uffiċjali tal-Persja, matul iċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet tiegħu ta' 2,500 sena ta' monarkija. Bħal Alessandru Manju qablu, ix-Shah tal-Iran ried jappella għal-legat ta' Ċiru biex jilleġitimizza t-tmexxija tiegħu stess bħala estensjoni. In-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]] jirrikonoxxu l-qabar ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u Pasargadae bħala [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]. == Legat == === Influwenza fuq iċ-ċivilizzazzjonijiet tal-Lvant u tal-Punent === L-istoriku [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]] [[Charles Freeman]] jissuġġerixxi li "L-ambitu u l-kobor tal-kisbiet tiegħu [Ċiru] kienu jikklassifikaw ferm iktar minn dawk tar-re Maċedonu, Alessandru, li qered l-imperu [tal-Akemenidi] fis-snin 20 tas-seklu 4 iżda ma rnexxilu jipprovdi l-ebda alternattiva stabbli". Ċiru kien eroj personali għal bosta nies, fosthom [[Thomas Jefferson]], Mohammad Reza Pahlavi u [[David Ben-Gurion]]. Il-kisbiet ta' Ċiru l-Kbir fi żmien il-qedem huma riflessi fil-mod kif jiġi mfakkar illum il-ġurnata. In-nazzjon tiegħu stess, l-Iranjani, ikkunsidrawh bħala "l-Missier", l-istess titlu li kien intuża fi żmien Ċiru nnifsu, mill-bosta nazzjonijiet li ħakem, peress li skont Xenophon: l-istandard ta' Ċiru, deskritt bħala ajkla tad-deheb immuntata fl-"għoli", baqa' l-pavaljun uffiċjali tal-Akemenidi.<blockquote>U dawk li huma sudditi tiegħu, ittrattahom bi stima u bil-galbu, daqslikieku kienu uliedu stess, filwaqt li s-sudditi tiegħu min-naħa l-oħra kienu jirrispettaw lil Ċiru bħala "Missierhom" ... Liema raġel ieħor jekk mhux "Ċiru", wara li qaleb imperu ta' taħt fuq, qatt miet bit-titlu ta' "Il-Missier" min-nies stess li kien ġabhom taħt il-poter tiegħu? Huwa minnu li dan huwa isem għal xi ħadd li jrodd, iktar milli jieħu!</blockquote>L-istoriku Plutarka (twieled għall-ħabta tas-46 – miet għall-ħabta tal-119 W.K.) jgħid li "l-Persjani, minħabba li Ċiru kellu mnieħru mgħawweġ ganċ, saħansitra sa issa għandhom għal qalbhom l-irġiel b'imnieħer mgħawweġ ganċ u jqisuhom bħala l-iżjed sbieħ". Il-Babiloniżi kienu jqisuh bħala "l-Liberatur", peress li kienu offiżi mill-mexxej preċedenti tagħhom, Nabonidus, li kien wettaq sagrileġġ. Il-Ktieb ta' Eżra jirrakkonta l-ġrajja tal-ewwel ritorn tal-eżiljati fl-ewwel sena ta' Ċiru, fejn Ċiru jipproklama: "Il-Mule, Alla tal-ġenna, tani r-renji kollha tal-art; u Hu tani l-kompitu li nibni tempju f'Ġerusalemm, fil-Ġudea".(Eżra 1:2) Ċiru kien magħruf bl-istess mod bħala statista u bħala suldat. Parzjalment minħabba l-infrastruttura politika li ħoloq, l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi dam ferm anke wara mewtu. Il-fatt li l-Persja qamet fuq saqajha taħt it-tmexxija ta' Ċiru kellu impatt kbir fuq il-milja tal-istorja tad-dinja, inkluż fil-forom tal-[[filosofija]], tal-letteratura u tar-reliġjon Iranjani. Ħafna mid-dinastiji Iranjani ta' wara l-Imperu tal-Akemenidi u r-rejiet tagħhom raw lilhom infushom bħala l-werrieta ta' Ċiru l-Kbir u sostnew li qed ikomplu l-legat li ħalla warajh Ċiru. Madankollu, fost l-istudjużi hemm opinjonijiet differenti dwar jekk dan huwiex il-każ ukoll għad-dinastija tas-Sassanidi. Alessandru Manju stess kien infatwat b'Ċiru l-Kbir u kien jammirah, wara li minn età bikrija kien jaqra ċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, li kienet tiddeskrivi l-eroiżmu ta' Ċiru fil-battalji u fil-governanza, kif ukoll il-ħiliet tiegħu bħala re u leġiżlatur. Matul iż-żjara tiegħu f'Pasargadae huwa ordna lil Aristobulus biex iżejjen il-kompartiment tal-qabar ta' Ċiru minn ġewwa. Il-legat ta' Ċiru nħass saħansitra sal-[[Iżlanda]] u l-Amerka kolonjali. Ħafna mill-ħassieba u mill-mexxejja tal-Antikità Klassika kif ukoll tar-[[Rinaxximent]] u tal-[[Illuminiżmu]], u l-missirijiet tal-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti tal-Amerka]] ispiraw ruħhom minn Ċiru l-Kbir permezz ta' xogħlijiet bħaċ-''Ċiropedija''. Thomas Jefferson, pereżempju, kellu żewġ kopji taċ-''Ċiropedija'', waħda bit-traduzzjonijiet paralleli bil-Grieg u bil-Latin faċċata ta' xulxin b'marki sostanzjali ta' Jefferson li juru l-ammont ta' influwenza li kellu l-ktieb fuq it-tfassil tad-Dikjarazzjoni tal-Indipendenza tal-Istati Uniti. Skont il-Professur [[Richard Nelson Frye]], Ċiru — li l-ħiliet tiegħu bħala ħakkiem u amministratur joħorġu fid-dieher mil-lonġevità u l-qawwa tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi — kellu rwol kważi mitiku fost il-poplu Persjan "simili għal dak ta' Romulu u Remu f'[[Ruma]] jew [[Mosè]] għall-Iżraeliti", bi ġrajja li "ssegwi permezz ta' bosta dettalji l-ġrajjiet tal-eroj u tal-ħakkiema minn inħawi oħra fid-dinja tal-qedem". Frye jikteb, "Huwa sar l-epitoma tal-kwalitajiet kbar mistennija minn mexxej fid-dinja tal-qedem, u kellu karatteristiċi erojċi bħala ħakkiem li kien tolleranti u ħanin kif ukoll qalbieni u awdaċi. Il-personalità tiegħu kif meqjusa mill-Griegi influwenzathom u lil Alessandru Manju, u peress li t-tradizzjoni ġiet trażmessa mir-Rumani, jaf titqies li influwenzat il-ħsieb tagħna saħansitra issa". It-tmexxija tiegħu ġiet studjata u ammirata minn bosta mill-mexxejja l-kbar, bħal Alessandru Manju, [[Ġulju Ċesri]] u Thomas Jefferson. === Amministrazzjoni u politika === ==== Sistema tas-satrapiji ==== Ċiru stabbilixxa l-imperu bħala imperu bbażat fuq diversi stati ggvernati minn erba' stati kapitali: Pasargadae, il-Babilonja, Susa u Ecbatana. Huwa ta ċertu ammont ta' awtonomija reġjonali lil kull stat, fil-forma ta' sistema ta' satrapiji. Satrapija kienet unità amministrattiva, li normalment kienet tkun organizzata fuq bażi [[Ġeografija|ġeografika]]. "Satrap" (gvernatur) kien re vassall, li kien jamministra r-reġjun, "ġeneral" kien jissorvelja r-reklutaġġ militari u kien jiżgura l-ordni, u "segretarju statali" kien jieħu ħsieb iż-żamma tar-rekords uffiċjali. Il-ġeneral u s-segretarju statali kienu jaqgħu taħt is-satrap kif ukoll il-gvern ċentrali. Matul ir-renju tiegħu, Ċiru żamm il-kontroll fuq reġjun enormi ta' renji maħkuma, miksuba permezz taż-żamma u tal-espansjoni tas-satrapiji. L-organizzazzjoni ulterjuri tat-territorji ġodda li kienu jinħakmu fi provinċji mmexxijin mis-satrapi tkompliet mis-suċċessur ta' Ċiru, Darius il-Kbir. ==== Strateġija militari ==== L-imperu ta' Ċiru kien ibbażat fuq it-tributi u l-ħlasijiet minn bosta partijiet tar-renju tiegħu. Permezz tal-ħila militari tiegħu, Ċiru ħoloq armata organizzata li kienet tinkludi l-unità tal-Immortali, li kienet tikkonsisti minn 10,000 suldat imħarrġin sew. Il-ħakmiet ta' Ċiru taw il-bidu għal era ġdid ta' bini tal-imperi, fejn superstat enormi, magħmul minn għexieren ta' pajjiżi, razez, reliġjonijiet u lingwi, kien imexxi permezz ta' amministrazzjoni unika bil-gvern ċentrali fit-tmun. Din is-sistema damet għal sekli sħaħ, u nżammet kemm mid-dinastija tas-Selewċidi li kienu l-invażuri waqt il-kontroll tagħhom tal-Persja, u iktar 'il quddiem mid-dinastiji Iranjani, fosthom il-Partiċi u s-Sassanidi. ==== Proġetti infrastrutturali ==== Ċiru kien magħruf għall-innovazzjonijiet tiegħu fil-proġetti tal-kostruzzjoni; huwa kompla jiżvilupp it-teknoloġiji li sab fil-kulturi li ħakem u applikahom fil-kostruzzjoni tal-palazzi ta' Pasargadae. Huwa kien famuż ukoll għall-imħabba tiegħu għall-ġonna; skavi reċenti fil-belt kapitali tiegħu żvelaw l-eżistenza tal-Ġnien Persjan ta' Pasargadae u network ta' kanali tal-irrigazzjoni. Pasargadae kien is-sit ta' żewġ palazzi tal-għaġeb imdawrin b'park irjali maestuż u ġonna formali enormi; fosthom kien hemm il-ġonna vertikali b'erba' saffi ta' "Paradisja" b'iktar minn 1,000 metru ta' kanali magħmula mill-ġebla tal-ġir imnaqqxa, iddisinjati biex jimlew vaski żgħar f'kull 16-il metru u jsaqqu diversi tipi ta' flora selvaġġa u domestika. Id-disinn u l-kunċett ta' Paradisja kienu eċċezzjonali u ntużaw bħala mudell għal bosta parks tal-qedem u moderni minn dak iż-żmien 'l hawn. Huwa fforma wkoll sistema postali innovattiva fl-imperu kollu, ibbażata fuq diversi stazzjonijiet ta' kollegament imsejħa Chapar Khaneh. Fl-1658, filwaqt li l-Protettorat ta' Cromwell kien qed imexxi l-Brittanja, it-[[tabib]] u l-filosfu Ingliż Sir [[Thomas Browne]] kiteb diskors imsejjaħ ''Il-Ġnien ta' Ċiru'', li fih Ċiru jiġi deskritt bħala mexxej għaref arketipiku. Madankollu, minkejja li jissemma fit-titlu, Ċiru ma kienx l-enfasi prinċipali tax-xogħol ta' Browne. "Ċiru x-Xiħ, imrabbi fil-boskijiet u fil-muntanji, meta wasal iż-żmien u l-poter ippermettilu dan, tħarreġ fl-edukazzjoni tiegħu, u ġab miegħu t-teżori tal-għalqa fit-tmexxija u fiċ-ċirkoskrizzjoni. Tant kienu sbieħ il-Ġonna tal-Babilonja, li huwa maħsub li kien ħoloqhom hu". ==== Denominazzjoni tal-muniti ==== L-użu tal-isem ''Kuruş'' bħala denominazzjoni tal-muniti għaz-zekkar tmur lura għas-seklu 6 Q.K., fi żmien il-Croeseid, l-ewwel munita tad-deheb fid-dinja, li oriġinarjament ġiet izzekkata mir-Re Croesus ta' Lidja. Il-Croeseid iktar 'il quddiem kompliet tiġi zekkata u nfirxet f'żona ġeografika wiesgħa permezz ta' Ċiru l-Kbir (bil-Persjan Antik: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ''Kūruš''), il-fundatur tal-Imperu tal-Akemenidi, li għeleb lir-Re Croesus u ħakem lil Lidja fil-Battalja ta' Thymbra fil-547 Q.K. Ċiru (Kūruš) għamel il-Croeseid il-munita tad-deheb standard tal-imperu enormi tiegħu, u uża l-istess disinn tal-''[[iljun]] u l-barri'', iżda b'piż imnaqqas (8.06 grammi, minflok 10.7 grammi standard tal-verżjoni oriġinali maħruħa mir-Re Croesus) minħabba l-ħtieġa ta' ammonti akbar ta' dawn il-muniti, għal popolazzjoni ferm akbar. === Drittijiet tal-bniedem u multikulturaliżmu === ==== Ċilindru ta' Ċiru ==== Wieħed mill-ftit sorsi eżistenti ta' informazzjoni li jista' jiġi datat direttament għal żmien Ċiru huwa ċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru (bil-Persjan: استوانه کوروش), li huwa dokument fil-forma ta' ċilindru tat-tafal bil-kitba kunejformi Akkadjana. Kien tpoġġa fil-pedamenti ta' Esagila (it-tempju ta' Marduk fil-Babilonja) bħala depożitu tal-pedamenti wara l-ħakma Persjana fil-539 Q.K. Ġie skopert fl-1879 u llum jinżamm fil-[[Mużew Brittaniku]] f'[[Londra]]. It-test taċ-ċilindru jikxef lir-re Babiloniż depost Nabonidus bħala bla ħniena u jiddeskrivi lil Ċiru bħala wieħed li jogħġob lill-alla ewlieni Marduk. Jiddeskrivi kif Ċiru kien tejjeb il-[[ħajja]] taċ-ċittadini tal-Babilonja, ħa ħsieb ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-popli spostati u rrestawra t-tempji u s-santwarji. Għalkemm ma tissemmiex b'mod speċifiku fit-test, ir-ripatrijazzjoni tal-Lhud mill-"jasar Babiloniż" tagħhom ġiet interpretata bħala parti minn din il-politika ġenerali. Fis-snin 70 tas-seklu 20, ix-Shah tal-Iran adotta ċ-ċilindru ta' Ċiru bħala simbolu politiku, u użah "bħala immaġni ċentrali fiċ-ċelebrazzjoni tiegħu tal-2,500 sena tal-monarkija Iranjana", u asserixxa li kienet "l-ewwel karta tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem fl-istorja". Dan il-ħsieb ġie kkontestat minn uħud bħala "pjuttost anakronistiku" u kontroversjali, peress li l-kunċett modern tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem kien ikun pjuttost aljen għall-kontemporanji ta' Ċiru u ma jissemmiex miċ-ċilindru. Minkejja dan, iċ-ċilindru ġie meqjus bħala parti mill-identità kulturali tal-Iran. In-Nazzjonijiet Uniti ddikjarat dan l-artefatt bħala "dikjarazzjoni tal-qedem tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem" fl-1971, bl-approvazzjoni tas-Segretarju Ġenerali ta' dak iż-żmien [[Sithu U Thant]], wara li "ngħata replika mingħand oħt ix-Shah tal-Iran". Il-Mużew Brittaniku jiddeskrivi ċ-ċilindru bħala "strument ta' propaganda tal-Mesopotamja tal-qedem" li "jirrifletti tradizzjoni twila fil-Mesopotamja, fejn diġà mit-tielet millenju Q.K., ir-rejiet kienu jibdew ir-renji tagħhom b'dikjarazzjonijiet ta' riformi". Iċ-ċilindru jenfasizza l-kontinwità ta' Ċiru mal-mexxejja Babiloniżi ta' qabel, u jasserixxi l-virtù tiegħu bħala re Babiloniż tradizzjonali filwaqt li jċekken lill-predeċessur tiegħu. [[Neil MacGregor]], id-Direttur tal-Mużew Brittaniku, stqarr li ċ-ċilindru kien "l-ewwel tentattiv li nafu bih dwar it-tmexxija ta' soċjetà, stat b'nazzjonalitajiet u twemmin differenti – tip ġdid ta' infrastruttura statali". Huwa spjega li "Ġie deskritt bħala l-ewwel dikjarazzjoni tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem, u filwaqt li dan qatt ma kien il-ħsieb tad-dokument – il-kunċett modern tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem qajla kien jeżisti fid-dinja tal-qedem – sar jirrappreżenta t-tamiet u l-aspirazzjonijiet ta' bosta". === Reliġjon u filosofija === ==== Preżenza taż-Żoroastrijaniżmu fl-affarijiet statali tal-Akemenidi ==== L-Iranologu [[Franza|Franċiż]] [[Pierre Briant]] kiteb li, minħabba n-nuqqas kbir ta' informazzjoni li għandna, "huwa pjuttost tentattiv traskurat li nippruvaw nagħmlu rikostruzzjoni ta' x'setgħet kienet ir-reliġjon ta' Ċiru". Hemm dibattitu wkoll dwar jekk kienx ta' fidi Żoroastrijana jew jekk iż-Żoroastrijaniżmu jibdiex ikun involut bħala r-reliġjon statali tal-Akemenidi wara ħajtu. L-evidenza favur dan ġejja mill-ismijiet tal-membri tal-familja ta' Ċiru, u hemm similaritajiet bejn id-deskrizzjoni ta' Yahweh f'Iżaija 40–48 (jiġifieri wara li Iżaija ġie f'kuntatt ma' propagandist Persjan taħt l-amministrazzjoni ta' Ċiru li kien Żoroastrijan) u dik ta' Ahura Mazda fil-Gathas. Kontra din it-teżi huwa l-mod kif Ċiru ppermetta libertà totali tar-reliġjon u pprovda finanzjament għall-istabbiliment tat-tempji u ta' siti imqaddsa oħra, kif ukoll id-data x'aktarx iktar tard tal-attività tal-profeta Iranjan Żoroaster, li stabbilixxa ż-Żoroastrijaniżmu. ==== Tolleranza u libertà tar-reliġjon ==== Il-politiki ta' Ċiru fir-rigward tat-trattament tar-reliġjonijiet li kienu tal-minoranzi huma ddokumentati f'bosta rakkonti storiċi, b'mod partikolari f'sorsi Babiloniżi u Lhud. Ċiru kellu politika ġenerali ta' tolleranza reliġjuża fl-imperu enormi kollu tiegħu. Jiġi kkontestat jekk din kinitx politika ġdida jew kontinwazzjoni tal-politiki segwiti mill-Babiloniżi u mill-Assirjani (kif isostni l-istoriku Amerikan [[Lester Grabbe]]). Huwa ġab il-paċi għall-Babiloniżi u jingħad li żamm l-armata tiegħu 'l bogħod mit-tempji u rrestawra l-istatwi tal-allat Babiloniżi fis-santwarji tagħhom. ==== Fidi personali u prattiki ta' Ċiru ==== L-informazzjoni dwar ir-reliġjon u r-ritwali matul ir-renju ta' Ċiru hija disponibbli wkoll miċ-''Ċiropedija'' ta' Xenophon, minn ''L-Istorji'' ta' Erodotu, u mill-kitbiet imnaqqxa, għalkemm dawn inkitbu f'perjodi iktar tard u għaldaqstant iridu jintużaw bir-reqqa. Iċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru sar f'isem Ċiru bih bħala l-kelliem fl-ewwel persuna. Iċ-ċilindru huwa reliġjuż ħafna u huwa msejjes madwar l-interventi tal-alla nazzjonali Babiloniż Marduk. Huwa Marduk li jitfaħħar mill-bidu nett tat-test u l-intervent dirett tiegħu huwa maħsub li kien responsabbli għal dak li ġara fl-istorja reċenti, u huwa Marduk li jikkonvoka lil Ċiru bit-tir li jagħmel tajjeb għall-għemil ħażin tal-predeċessur tiegħu Nabonidus. Barra minn hekk, Ċiru juri rispett mhux biss lill-qima ta' Marduk, iżda anke lil kull qima lokali oħra. Kitba mnaqqxa minn [[Uruk]] tistqarr "(Ċiru) iħobb lil Esangil u Ezida", filwaqt li oħra minn [[Ur]] issemmi li huwa "rritorna l-allat fis-santwarji tagħhom". Oħra mill-Babilonja jew minn Sippar tgħid li għad-differenza ta' Nabonidus, Ċiru għamel sagrifiċċji għall-allat u saħansitra żiedhom. Informazzjoni affidabbli oħra jaf tiġi mid-drawwiet funebri madwar il-qabar ta' Ċiru, li jindikaw il-qima privileġġata u l-għoti ta' ġieħ lill-alla Iranjan Mitra. Uħud identifikaw ukoll il-figura f'bassoriljiev minn Pasargadae bħala Mitra, li tkompli tindika r-reverenza ta' Ċiru għal din id-divinità. Evidenza addizzjonali tindika wkoll ir-rabta bejn Ċiru u Mitra. ==== Liberazzjoni tal-poplu Lhudi ==== It-trattament tal-poplu Lhudi min-naħa ta' Ċiru waqt li kien fl-eżilju fil-Babilonja, wara li r-re Babiloniż [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] qered ir-Renju ta' Ġuda, jiġi rrapportat fil-Bibbja bl-Ebrajk (jew it-[[Testment il-Qadim]]). Ċiru jiġi rrappreżentat b'mod pożittiv u bħala aġent ta' Yahweh, minkejja li jingħad li "ma jafx lil" Yahweh (Iżaija 45:4–5). Il-Ketuvim jintemm fit-Tieni Kronaka bid-digriet ta' Ċiru, li rritorna l-eżiljati sal-Art ta' Iżrael mill-Babilonja u kkummissjona r-rikostruzzjoni tat-Tempju f'Ġerusalemm fid-dawl tat-Tempju ta' Salamun li kien inqered mill-armati Babiloniżi.<blockquote>Għaldaqstant Ċiru, ir-re tal-Persja, qal: Il-Mulej, l-Alla tal-Ġenna, tani r-renji kollha tal-art; u HU tani l-kompitu li nibnilu tempju f'Ġerusalemm, fil-Ġudea. Dawk kollha fostkom li jagħmlu parti mill-poplu Tiegħu – il-Mulej, Alla miegħu, ħallieh imur hemmhekk. – (2 Kronaki 36:23)</blockquote>Dan l-editt jinsab ukoll bis-sħiħ fil-Ktieb ta' Eżra.<blockquote>Fl-ewwel sena tar-Re Ċiru, Ċiru ħareġ digriet: "Rigward id-dar ta' Alla f'Ġerusalemm, dan it-tempju, il-post fejn jiġu offruti s-sagrifiċċji, se jinbena mill-ġdid u l-pedamenti tiegħu se jinżammu, b'għoli ta' 60 kubit u b'wisa' ta' 60 kubit; bi tliet saffi ta' ġebel kbir u saff tal-[[injam]]. Il-kost ta' dan kollu se jitħallas mit-teżor irjali. Il-[[pożati]] tad-deheb u tal-fidda tad-dar ta' Alla, li Nebuchadnezzar ħa mit-tempju f'Ġerusalemm, se jerġgħu jittieħdu lejn il-Babilonja f'posthom, fit-tempju ta' Ġerusalemm; u intom se tpoġġuhom fid-dar ta' Alla". – (Eżra 6:3–5)</blockquote>Il-Lhud onorawh bħala re dinjituż u twajjeb. F'silta mill-Bibbja, Iżaija jirreferi għalih bħala l-Messija (<abbr>litteralment</abbr> 'il-midluk Tiegħu") (Iżaija 45:1), u b'hekk kien l-unika fost il-Ġentili li ġie msejjaħ hekk. F'Iżaija wkoll, Alla jiġi deskritt li qed jgħid, "Se nrabbi lil Ċiru fit-tjubija tiegħi: se nwittilu l-mogħdijiet kollha tiegħu. Huwa se jerġa' jibni l-belt tiegħi u se jillibera l-eżiljati tiegħi, iżda mhux għal prezz jew premju, jgħid [[Alla l-Missier|Alla]] li jista' kollox". (Iżaija 45:13) Kif jissuġġerixxi t-test, Ċiru fl-aħħar mill-aħħar illibera n-nazzjon ta' Iżrael mill-eżilju mingħajr kumpens jew tribut. Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-istudjużi moderni jaħsbu li dawn is-siltiet partikolari (Iżaija 40–55, spiss deskritt bħala d-''Dewtero-Iżaija'') żdiedu minn awtur ieħor lejn l-aħħar tal-eżilju fil-Babilonja (għall-ħabta tal-536 Q.K.). Josephus, l-ewwel storiku Lhudi tas-seklu 1, jirrakkonta l-fehma tradizzjonali tal-Lhud rigward it-tbassir ta' Ċiru f'Iżaija fl-''Antikitajiet tal-Lhud'', il-ktieb 11, il-kapitlu 1:<blockquote>Fl-ewwel sena tar-renju ta' Ċiru, li kienet is-sebgħin waħda mill-jum li l-poplu tagħna tneħħa minn artu stess u ttieħed fil-Babilonja, Alla ħenn għall-qagħda u għax-xorti ta' dan il-poplu fqir, skont it-tbassir tiegħu mill-profeta Ġeremija, qabel il-qerda tal-belt, li wara Nebuchadnezzar u l-legat tiegħu, u wara sebgħin sena ta' eżilju, huwa kien jerġa' jwassalhom fl-art ta' missirijiethom, u għandhom jibnu t-tempju tagħhom, u jgawdu l-prosperità li kellhom fil-qedem. Dawn l-affarijiet Alla żamm magħhom; sawwar moħħ Ċiru, u wassal biex huwa jikteb dan mal-Asja kollha: "Ċiru r-Re jgħid dan li ġej: Ladarba Alla li jista' kollox ħatarni bħala r-re ta' din l-art, jiena nemmen li huwa dak l-Alla li jqim in-nazzjon ta' Iżraeliti; għax tabilħaqq huwa bassar ismi permezz tal-profeti, u li jien għandi nibnilu dar f'Ġerusalemm, fil-Ġudea". Dan Ċiru sar jafu billi qara l-ktieb li Iżaija ħalla warajh bil-profeziji tiegħu; dan il-profeta qal li Alla kien qallu dan fi xbieha sigrieta: "Ir-rieda tiegħi hi li Ċiru, li jiena ħtart bħala r-re ta' bosta nazzjonijiet kbar, jerġa' jibgħat il-poplu Tiegħi lura f'artu stess, u jibnili t-tempju Tiegħi". Dan jitbassar minn Iżaija mija u erbgħin sena qabel il-qerda tat-tempju. Għalhekk, meta Ċiru qara dan, u ammira s-setgħa divina, ħakmitu xewqa u ambizzjoni kbira li jwettaq dak li kien miktub; għaldaqstant sejjaħ għall-iżjed Lhud eminenti li kienu fil-Babilonja, u qalilhom li tahom il-permess li jerġgħu lura f'pajjiżhom, u biex jerġgħu jibnu l-belt tagħhom, Ġerusalemm, u t-tempju ta' Alla, u li hu kien se jkun l-assistent tagħhom, u li kien se jikteb lill-mexxejja u lill-gvernaturi ġirien tal-Ġudea, biex jikkontribwixxu b'deheb u b'fidda għall-kostruzzjoni tat-tempju, u apparti minn hekk, jagħtuhom bhejjem għas-sagrifiċċji tagħhom.</blockquote>Filwaqt li Ċiru jiġi mfaħħar fit-Tanakh (Iżaija 45:1–6 u Eżra 1:1–11), kien hemm kritika Lhudija fil-konfront tiegħu wara li gidbulu l-Kutiti, li riedu jwaqqfu l-kostruzzjoni tat-Tieni Tempju. Huma akkużaw lil-Lhud li kienu qed jikkonfoffaw biex jirribellaw, għalhekk min-naħa tiegħu Ċiru waqqaf il-kostruzzjoni, li ma tlestietx qabel il-515 Q.K., matul ir-renju ta' Darius I. Skont il-Bibbja, kien ir-Re Artaxerxes li kien konvint li jwaqqaf il-kostruzzjoni tat-tempju f'Ġerusalemm (Eżra 4:7–24). In-natura storika ta' dan id-digriet ġiet ikkontestata. Il-Professur Lester L. Grabbe jargumenta li ma kien hemm l-ebda digriet iżda kien hemm politika li kienet tippermetti lill-eżiljati jirritornaw lejn arthom u jerġgħu jibnu t-tempji tagħhom. Huwa jargumenta wkoll li l-arkeoloġija tissuġġerixxi li r-ritorn sar "bil-mod il-mod", matul x'aktarx diversi deċennji, u rriżulta f'popolazzjoni massima ta' x'aktarx 30,000 ruħ. [[Philip R. Davies]] sejjaħ l-awtentiċità tad-digriet bħala waħda "dubjuża", u kkwota lil Grabbe u żied li l-argumentazzjoni kontra "l-awtentiċità ta' Ezra 1.1–4 waslet mingħand J. Briend, f'dokument mogħti lill-Institut Catholique de Paris fil-15 ta' Diċembru 1993, li jiċħad li huwa simili għall-forma ta' dokument uffiċjali iżda pjuttost jirrifletti lingwaġġ idjomatiku profetiku Bibbliku". Mary Joan Winn Leith temmen li d-digriet f'Eżra jaf huwa awtentiku u flimkien maċ-Ċilindru ta' Ċiru, bħall-mexxejja bikrin, Ċiru permezz ta' dawn id-digrieti kien qed jipprova jikseb l-appoġġ mingħand dawk li setgħu kienu strateġikament importanti, b'mod partikolari dawk qrib l-Eġittu li xtaq jaħkem. Hija kitbet ukoll li "l-appelli lil Marduk fiċ-ċilindru u lil Yahweh fid-digriet Bibbliku juru t-tendenza Persjana li jappoġġaw it-tradizzjonijiet reliġjużi u politiċi lokali fl-interess tal-kontroll imperjali". ==== Allużjoni teorika fl-iskrittura [[Iżlam|Iżlamika]] ==== In the 19th century, a number of prominent Indian Muslim scholars began theorizing that Ċiru l-Kbir is the individual mentioned in the Quran by the name Dhu al-Qarnayn, who is described as travelling west and east (towards the "setting and rising places of the Sun") and erecting a large barrier to separate a troubled people from "Ya'juj and Ma'juj" in exchange for tribute, with this barrier destined to keep them sealed until their release signals the end of the world and the Day of Judgement. It was first promoted by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and then by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958), subsequently generating wider acceptance among some Muslim communities over the years. This theory had been proposed in 1855 by the German philologist Gustav Moritz Redslob [de], but it was largely dismissed in the Western world. Most Western scholars of religion have instead lent credence to more popular theories in traditional Islamic mythology that identify Dhu al-Qarnayn as either the Greek king Alexander the Great or a certain pre-Islamic Arabian king. == Referenzi == dp54k2vb8mf9ullqtbcppn23ae60cp5 4 34496 330791 2026-06-29T17:33:08Z ToniSant 4257 +2025 330791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Il-Pjazza/fuq}} == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Jannar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 02:36, 29 Jannar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Frar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == CEE Hub Microgrant Programme - 2025 round == '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants|CEE Hub Microgrant programme]]''' is open for submissions from the communities across Central and Eastern Europe (as well as Central Asia, and Farsi contributors that live in these regions). The CEE Hub Microgrant programme will fund projects ranging from 50 to 700 EUR. Please read the criteria and other details with the programme. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdscTZ9EPNjHhU0r7hUHNwntX34Wrk8ieiHemk_clB9VI3PfQ/viewform Application form]''' is accessible on the Meta page where you will need to answer a few simple questions. You can find a list of the applications for the programme from 2024 [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Microgrants/Applications 2024|on this page]], so you will get a sense of what other communities asked for funds. If you have any questions, please let us know ([[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Communication|contact us]]). We are waiting for your submissions! --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 13:35, 24 Frar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28306207 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Marzu 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:15, 14 Marzu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Be part of the next CEE Catch Up about Global Trends == Hi everyone, We want to announce the ninth '''[[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|CEE Catch Up]]''' session, which will be dedicated to the Foundation Annual Planning Workshop focused on [[diffblog:2025/03/04/global-trends-2025/|'''global trends that are affecting our movement''']]. The session will take place on 23^rd of April 2025, 18:00-19:00 CEST (check your local time [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745424000 here]). Together (the CEE Communities and the Wikimedia Foundation staff) we will discuss the trends related to our projects, our readers and editors. We will explore how those trends show up in the CEE context and discuss what our projects need to address those trends, and how we can support them. You will also have the opportunity to ask questions to the Wikimedia Foundation staff about the work being planned as part of the annual plan that runs from July 2025 to June 2026. '''<u>''[[Wikimedia CEE Hub/Catch up|Join us at the Next CEE Catch up]]!''</u>''' --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Catch Up team) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=28546550 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 April 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:08, 6 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Registration for the Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 is open == Dear all,               The Organising Committee of the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] is delighted to announce the opening of the registration for this year's conference. Affiliation and community delegates can register for the meeting until '''June 15th'''. All other self-funded participants can register until July 31st. The registration and scholarship application form which runs on Pretix, a free, open-sourced third-party platform that helps organize and manage events, can be found [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/wmcee-2025/ here]. Details on how to select delegates and the selection process can be found on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Registration|registration page]]. Please keep in mind that the official language of the conference is English and interpreting services will not be available. If you encounter any issues while registering, or have questions about the registration process, feel free to contact the coordination team via [mailto:wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr wmceem2025@wikimedia.gr]. Your swift replies will be appreciated, as they will help us conduct an efficient booking process. Best regards,       On behalf of '''Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Organising Team''' <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> [[Utent:MARKELLOS|MARKELLOS]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MARKELLOS|d]]) 17:20, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Maltese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Maltese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Maltese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Stampa:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Stampa:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:UOzurumba (WMF)|d]]) 20:48, 12 Mejju 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|diskussjoni]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mejju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 03:07, 28 Mejju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|diskussjoni]]) 16:47, 29 Mejju 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 17:44, 17 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Ġunju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 12:45, 14 Lulju 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Awwissu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:42, 18 Settembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 04:48, 9 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Ottubru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Join the CEE Hub staff team – We’re hiring a Program Specialist == Hi everyone, The regional [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub|CEE Hub]] is looking for a '''Program Specialist''' to join our [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Staff|staff team]]! Are you someone experienced with Wikimedia who wants to help volunteers? Do you participate in Wiki Loves… and other related projects, and do you have ideas and skills to help others improve their efforts? Do you enjoy working with people from different countries? Are you able to work on your own, feel comfortable on Meta-Wiki, and understand how Meta works? If this sounds like you and you're interested in working with the CEE hub team, we’d love to hear from you! '''As a Program Specialist, you will:''' * Support affiliates and communities in developing and implementing impactful programs, * Strengthen regional cooperation and cross-border projects, * Help guide campaigns and initiatives across the CEE region, * Work closely with the CEE Hub team and community members. This is a '''part-time (0.8–0.9 full-time equivalent), remote position''' open to candidates based in the CEE region or nearby time zones. '''APPLICATION DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 10, 2025''' ➡️ '''Learn more and learn how to apply on Meta:''' [[:m:Wikimedia CEE Hub/Jobs/Program Specialist|Wikimedia CEE Hub – Program Specialist]] ⬅️ If you know someone who would be a great fit, please share this opportunity with them! <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29192870 --> == Help us test Cat-a-lot on your Wikipedia == '''[[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]]''' is a JavaScript gadget that helps with moving, removing and adding files (as well as articles or subcategories) between, from and to categories and it is widely used on Wikimedia Commons, where it is accessible for every user after enabling the gadget in your [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets Preferences]. Complete explanation of the tool, along with the images and demonstration video it is accessible on [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|Wikimedia Commons]]. If your Wikipedia is struggling with performing this repetitive task when you need to move pages between categories and remove pages from a category, Cat-a-lot could be activated for your Wikipedia as well. Installation can be done as your user script or as a project gadget and codes can be found [[:commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot|here]]. Installation is already done on Polish and Romanian wikis from our CEE Region. English phrases from [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/translating]] can be translated and saved in [[:commons:MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro|MediaWiki:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js/ro]] (for example). [[:m:CEE Hub/Working Groups/Technical Advancement Group|CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group]] is willing to support your community in the installation of the tool, and to offer support in case of bugs, as we can report them to the development team. Just leave a message below with any issues you encounter. --[[Utent:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:MediaWiki message delivery|d]]) 10:42, 18 Novembru 2025 (UTC) (on behalf of the CEE Hub Technical Advancement Group) <!-- Message sent by User:TRistovski-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE_Hub&oldid=29670161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:43, 28 Novembru 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == About subscription == Hello. I didn't see any message on this page but I hope I can find someone to help me. I'm conducting extensive research on the Mediterranean Games with the support of various wikipedians, and in this context, I need someone who has a subscription to the Times of Malta newspaper or access to another national Maltese newspaper archive. I only need to find out two pieces of information, and this requires looking at a maximum of four newspaper issues. *1975 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 6 or 7, 1975) Water Polo game - 09/05/1975 - Morocco - Malta (score info is missing) *1983 Mediterranean Games (newspapers of September 15 or 16, 1983) Water Polo game - 09/14/1983 - Egypt - Malta (score info is missing) Thanks in advance.--[[Utent:Sabri76|Sabri76]] ([[Diskussjoni utent:Sabri76|d]]) 16:55, 5 Diċembru 2025 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jannar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> m82uglc80cnp25ix4nfzwwbwve22n7l 2 34497 330802 2026-06-29T18:11:41Z MargaritaPLV 28281 MargaritaPLV mexxa l-paġna [[Utent:MargaritaPLV/Rozie]] għal [[Rozie]]: Moved reviewed userspace draft to mainspace; translated/adapted from lv:Rozie 330802 wikitext text/x-wiki #RINDIRIZZA [[Rozie]] pyqfr5fv7ydiw0pct4eodu579o8r08b 2 34498 330805 2026-06-29T18:30:21Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Bdejt abbozz qasir dwar il-lingwa Latvjana 330805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Il-lingwa Latvjana''' (bil-Latvjan: ''latviešu valoda'') hija lingwa tal-grupp Baltiku fil-familja tal-[[Lingwi Indo-Ewropej|lingwi Indo-Ewropej]]. Hija l-lingwa uffiċjali tar-Repubblika tal-[[Latvja]] u waħda mill-lingwi uffiċjali tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]].<ref>Andra Kalnača u Ilze Lokmane. ''Latvian Grammar''. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 2021, pp. 8–9. https://www.apgads.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/apgads/izdevumi/2021/Latvian_Grammar-2021.pdf Aċċessat 29 Ġunju 2026.</ref><ref>Latvian Language Agency. "State Language Policy". https://valoda.lv/en/state-language/state-language-policy/ Aċċessat 29 Ġunju 2026.</ref> == Referenzi == <references /> 1eve0rey8lus8pohzx14calj0uzk6hm