Wikipedija mtwiki https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-Pa%C4%A1na_prin%C4%8Bipali MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Medja Speċjali Diskussjoni Utent Diskussjoni utent Wikipedija Diskussjoni Wikipedija Stampa Diskussjoni stampa MediaWiki Diskussjoni MediaWiki Mudell Diskussjoni mudell Għajnuna Diskussjoni għajnuna Kategorija Diskussjoni kategorija Portal Diskussjoni portal TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 27825 330938 314788 2026-07-05T09:41:19Z JackyM59 28040 Photographs updated 330938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Stampa:0 Beffroi de Bruges (Belgique) 1.jpg|daqsminuri|Il-Kampnar ta' Bruges]] Il-'''Kampnari tal-Belġju u ta' Franza''' huma grupp ta' 56 binja storika li ġew iddeżinjati kollha f'daqqa bħala [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]<ref name=":0">{{Ċita web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/943/|titlu=Belfries of Belgium and France|kunjom=Centre|isem=UNESCO World Heritage|sit=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2022-02-25}}</ref>, bħala rikonoxximent tal-kampnari ċiviċi (iktar milli tal-knisja) li jservu bħala manifestazzjoni arkitettonika tal-indipendenza ċivika emerġenti mill-influwenzi fewdali u [[Reliġjon|reliġjużi]] fl-eks Kontea tal-Fjandri (illum il-ġurnata ż-żona Franċiża tal-Fjandri fi [[Franza]] u r-reġjun tal-[[Fjandri tal-Lvant]] u tal-[[Fjandri tal-Punent]] fil-[[Belġju]]) u f'żoni ġirien li fl-imgħoddi kienu proprjetà tal-familja Bourgogne (illum il-ġurnata l-[[Wallonja]], fil-Belġju). Għalkemm il-lista ta' kampnari l-iktar li fiha huma strutturi ta' torrijiet ta' kampnari ċiviċi, tinkludi sitt torrijiet ta' kampnari tal-knisja Belġjani (ara l-katidrali, il-knejjes u l-bażiliki fil-lista ta' hawn taħt) bil-pretest li kienu ntużaw ukoll bħala torrijiet tal-għassa jew torrijiet tal-allarm. Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-istrutturi f'din il-lista huma torrijiet li joħorġu minn binjiet ikbar. Madankollu, ftit minnhom huma strutturi individwali, u minnhom, ftit huma torrijiet li nbnew mill-ġdid li fl-imgħoddi kienu kollegati ma' binjiet maġenbhom. Kampnar notevoli li mhux parti minn din il-lista huwa t-torri tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Brussell]], iżda proprjament mhuwiex kampnar. Il-kampnar oriġinali ta' Brussell kien jinsab ħdejn il-Knisja ta' San Nikola, sakemm iġġarraf fl-1714.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/il-y-eut-pourtant-des-projets-de-reconstruction-aux-sie_t-19920820-Z05Q0E.html|titlu=IL Y EUT POURTANT DES PROJETS DE RECONSTRUCTION AUX SIECLES PASSES OH EFFROI BRUXELLES EST SANS BEFFROI|sit=Le Soir|lingwa=fr|data-aċċess=2022-02-25|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225153250/https://www.lesoir.be/art/il-y-eut-pourtant-des-projets-de-reconstruction-aux-sie_t-19920820-Z05Q0E.html|arkivju-data=2022-02-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minkejja dan, il-Muniċipju ta' Brussell huwa parti mis-Sit ta' Wirt Dinji tal-[[Grand-Place]] ta' Brussell.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/857/|titlu=La Grand-Place, Brussels|kunjom=Centre|isem=UNESCO World Heritage|sit=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2022-02-25}}</ref> == Sit ta' Wirt Dinji == [[Stampa:World Heritage belfries map.svg|xellug|daqsminuri|325x325px|Mappa tal-Kampnari tal-Belġju u ta' Franza]] Is-Sit ta' Wirt Dinji oriġinarjament kien imsejjaħ il-Kampnari tal-Fjandri u tal-Wallonja fl-1999, b'lista ta' 32 kampnar f'dawk iż-żewġ reġjuni tal-Belġju.<ref name=":0" /> Fl-2005, il-lista ġiet estiża u s-sit beda jissejjaħ bl-isem attwali, biż-żieda ta' 23 kampnar ieħor mir-reġjuni ta' [[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]] u ta' [[Picardy]] fil-Grigal ta' Franza, u l-kampnar ta' [[Gembloux]] fil-Wallonja, il-Belġju.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.werelderfgoedfotos.nl/en/photos/264-belfries-of-belgium-and-france.html|titlu=World Heritage Photos - Belfries of Belgium and France|sit=www.werelderfgoedfotos.nl|data-aċċess=2022-02-25}}</ref> Il-valur universali straordinarju tas-sit ġie rrikonoxxut abbażi ta' żewġ kriterji tal-għażla tal-UNESCO: il-'''kriterju (ii)''' "Wirja ta' skambju importanti ta' valuri umani, tul perjodu ta' żmien jew fi ħdan żona kulturali fid-dinja, dwar l-iżviluppi fl-arkitettura jew it-teknoloġija, l-arti monumentali, l-ippjanar tal-bliet jew id-disinn tal-pajsaġġ"; u l-'''kriterju (iv)''' "Eżempju straordinarju ta' tip ta' bini, ta' grupp ta' siti jew ta' pajsaġġ arkitettoniku jew teknoloġiku li joħroġ fid-dieher stadju/i sinifikanti fl-istorja tal-bniedem".<ref name=":0" /> == Lista tal-kampnari == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Isem u post ! scope="col" |Muniċipalità ! scope="col" |Provinċja (BE) / Dipartiment (FR) ! scope="col" |Reġjun ! scope="col" |Pajjiż ! scope="col" |Sena tat-tniżżil fil-lista tas-Siti ta' Wirt Dinji ! scope="col" |ID tal-UNESCO |- ! data-sort-value="Schepenhuis, Aalst – Belfry and (Former) City Hall" scope="row" |[[File:Aalst_belfry.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aalst_belfry.jpg|150x150px]] |Schepenhuis, [[Aalst]] – Kampnar u (Eks) Muniċipju <small>{{Coord|50.938678|4.038526|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Aalst |Fjandri tal-Lvant |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-001 |- ! data-sort-value="Cathedral of Our Lady" scope="row" |[[File:Antwerpen_Groenplaats_Peter_Paul_Rubens_San_Salvatorkerk.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antwerpen_Groenplaats_Peter_Paul_Rubens_San_Salvatorkerk.jpg|147x147px]] |Il-Katridral tal-[[Santa Marija|Madonna]] ta' Anversa <small>{{Coord|51.220468|4.400605|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Anversa |[[Antwerp (provinċja)|Anversa]] |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-002 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry and City Hall of Antwerp" scope="row" |[[File:Brabo_voor_Stadhuis_van_Antwerpen.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brabo_voor_Stadhuis_van_Antwerpen.jpg|133x133px]] |Muniċipju ta' [[Anversa]] <small>{{Coord|51.221268|4.397624|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Anversa |Anversa |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-003 |- ! data-sort-value="Hallentoren belfry and halls of Bruges" scope="row" |[[File:Belfort_Brugge.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfort_Brugge.jpg|150x150px]] |Il-kampnar ''Hallentoren'' u s-swali ta' [[Bruges]] <small>{{Coord|51.208197|3.224737|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Bruges |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-004 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall with Belfry of Dendermonde" scope="row" |[[File:Dendermonde_town_hall_and_belfry_during_golden_hour_(DSCF0501).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dendermonde_town_hall_and_belfry_during_golden_hour_(DSCF0501).jpg|100x100px]] |Muniċipju bil-Kampnar ta' [[Dendermonde]] <small>{{Coord|51.031134|4.098594|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Dendermonde |Fjandri tal-Lvant |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-005 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall and Belfry of Diksmuide" scope="row" |[[File:Belfry_of_Diksmuide_(DSCF9585).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfry_of_Diksmuide_(DSCF9585).jpg|144x144px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Diksmuide]] <small>{{Coord|51.033716|2.864579|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Diksmuide |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-006 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall with Belfry of Eeklo" scope="row" |[[File:Eeklo-Belfry_(2).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eeklo-Belfry_(2).jpg|178x178px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Eeklo]] <small>{{Coord|51.184636|3.566344|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Eeklo |Fjandri tal-Lvant |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-007 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry, Cloth Hall and Mammelokker of Ghent" scope="row" |[[File:Belfry_of_Ghent_(DSCF0247,DSCF0249).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfry_of_Ghent_(DSCF0247,DSCF0249).jpg|170x170px]] |Kampnar, Sala tat-Tessuti u l-Mammelokker ta' [[Gent]] <small>{{Coord|51.053656|3.724762|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Gent |Fjandri tal-Lvant |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-008 |- ! data-sort-value="Former City Hall & Lakenhal (cloth hall) of Herentals" scope="row" |[[File:Herentals_belfort.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herentals_belfort.jpg|147x147px]] |Eks Muniċipju u Sala tat-Tessuti ta' [[Herentals]] <small>{{Coord|51.176952|4.836261|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Herentals |Anversa |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-009 |- ! data-sort-value="Cloth Hall and Belfry of Ypres" scope="row" |[[File:The_Cloth_Hall,_Ypres,_Belgium.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Cloth_Hall,_Ypres,_Belgium.jpg|128x128px]] |Sala tat-Tessuti u Kampnar ta' [[Ypres]] <small>{{Coord|50.851184|2.885451|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Ypres |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-010 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Kortrijk" scope="row" |[[File:Grote_Markt_z.nr._belfort_-_11084_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grote_Markt_z.nr._belfort_-_11084_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Kortrijk]] <small>{{Coord|50.827630|3.265595|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Kortrijk |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-011 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of St. Peter's Church and Tower" scope="row" |[[File:St._Peter's_Church,_Leuven_(DSCF0898).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St._Peter's_Church,_Leuven_(DSCF0898).jpg|100x100px]] |Kampnar u Torri tal-Knisja ta' San Pietru <small>{{Coord|50.879720|4.700785|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Leuven]] |Brabant Fjamming |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-012 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall and Belfry Tower of Lier" scope="row" |[[File:10361_Stadhuis_van_Lier_(2).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:10361_Stadhuis_van_Lier_(2).jpg|100x100px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Lier]] <small>{{Coord|51.131173|4.569896|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Lier |Anversa |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-013 |- ! data-sort-value="Town Hall with Belfry of Lo-Reninge" scope="row" |[[File:Old_town_hall_and_belfry_of_Lo_(DSCF9552).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_town_hall_and_belfry_of_Lo_(DSCF9552).jpg|148x148px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Lo-Reninge]] <small>{{Coord|50.980598|2.749339|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Lo-Reninge |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-014 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry and Old Market Hall of Mechelen" scope="row" |[[File:Mechelen_City_Hall_10.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mechelen_City_Hall_10.JPG|100x100px]] |Sala Antika tat-Tessuti u Kampnar (issa parti mill-kumpless tal-Muniċipju modern) <small>{{Coord|51.027948|4.481269|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Mechelen]] |Anversa |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-015 |- ! data-sort-value="St. Rumbolds Tower of the Cathedral" scope="row" |[[File:St-Rombouts_vanop_brouwerij_Het_Anker_02.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St-Rombouts_vanop_brouwerij_Het_Anker_02.JPG|100x100px]] |Kampnar tal-[[Katidral]] ta' San Rumbolds <small>{{Coord|51.028772|4.478210|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Mechelen |Anversa |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-016 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall and Adjacent Belfry of Menen" scope="row" |[[File:Menen_-_Town_hall_and_belfry_2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Menen_-_Town_hall_and_belfry_2.jpg|100x100px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Menen]] <small>{{Coord|50.796109|3.120626|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Menen |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-017 |- ! data-sort-value="Stadshalle Grain Hall (Market Hall) with Belfry of Nieuwpoort" scope="row" |[[File:Nieuwpoort_Belfort_1201.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Belfort_1201.jpg|150x150px]] |Sala tas-Suq jew ''Stadshalle'' bil-Kampnar ta' [[Nieuwpoort]] <small>{{Coord|51.129297|2.752118|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Nieuwpoort |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-018 |- ! data-sort-value="Town Hall of with Belfry of Oudenaarde" scope="row" |[[File:Oudenaarde_Stadhuis_R01.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oudenaarde_Stadhuis_R01.jpg|142x142px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Oudenaarde]] <small>{{Coord|50.843835|3.603841|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Oudenaarde |Fjandri tal-Lvant |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-019 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall, ''Stadshalle'' (market hall), and Belfry of Roeselare" scope="row" |[[File:Belfry_of_Roeselare_(DSCF9975).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfry_of_Roeselare_(DSCF9975).jpg|173x173px]] |Muniċipju, Sala tas-Suq, u Kampnar ta' [[Roeselare]] <small>{{Coord|50.944680|3.124362|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Roeselare |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-020 |- ! data-sort-value="City Hall with Tower of Sint-Truiden" scope="row" |[[File:Stadhuis_met_belfort,_Sint-Truiden.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stadhuis_met_belfort,_Sint-Truiden.jpg|135x135px]] |Muniċipju u Kampnar ta' [[Sint-Truiden]] <small>{{Coord|50.815570|5.186119|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Sint-Truiden |[[Limburgu (Belġju)|Limburg]] |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-021 |- ! data-sort-value="" scope="row" |[[File:Belfry_of_Tielt_(DSCF0059).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfry_of_Tielt_(DSCF0059).jpg|165x165px]] |Il-kampnar ''Hallentoren'', is-Sala tat-Tessuti u s-Sala tal-Aldermen <small>{{Coord|51.000471|3.327031|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Tielt]] |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-022 |- ! data-sort-value="St. Germanus Church with Stadstoren (City Tower)" scope="row" |[[File:Eglise_Saint-Germain_de_Tirlemont_02.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eglise_Saint-Germain_de_Tirlemont_02.JPG|150x150px]] |Knisja ta' San Germanus u l-Kampnar <small>{{Coord|50.805921|4.939013|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Tienen]] |[[Brabant Fjamming]] |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-023 |- ! data-sort-value="Basilica of Our Lady with Stadstoren (City Tower)" scope="row" |[[File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe_Basiliek_Tongeren.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe_Basiliek_Tongeren.JPG|150x150px]] |Kampnar tal-Bażilika tal-Madonna ta' Tongeren u ''Stadstoren'' (Torri tal-Belt) <small>{{Coord|50.780857|5.464398|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Tongeren]] |Limburg |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-024 |- ! data-sort-value="" scope="row" |[[File:Veurne,_Belfort_(oeg16700)_en_voormalig_stadhuis_(oeg16699)_positie2_foto8_2013-05-11_15.11.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Veurne,_Belfort_(oeg16700)_en_voormalig_stadhuis_(oeg16699)_positie2_foto8_2013-05-11_15.11.jpg|100x100px]] |''Landhuis'', l-eks sede tal-Viskont ta' Veurne-Ambacht) u l-Kampnar <small>{{Coord|51.072884|2.661568|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Veurne]] |Fjandri tal-Punent |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-025 |- ! data-sort-value="St. Leonard's Church" scope="row" |[[File:St-Leonarduskerk1.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St-Leonarduskerk1.jpg|117x117px]] |Knisja u Kampnar ta' San Leonard <small>{{Coord|50.833318|5.103024|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Zoutleeuw]] |Brabant Fjamming |Fjandri |Belġju |1999 |943-026 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Binche" scope="row" |[[File:Maison_de_commune_binche.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maison_de_commune_binche.JPG|127x127px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Binche]] <small>{{Coord|50.410750|4.165543|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Binche |[[Hainaut]] |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-027 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Charleroi" scope="row" |[[File:Charleroi_beffroi.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charleroi_beffroi.JPG|169x169px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Charleroi]] <small>{{Coord|50.412537|4.443887|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Charleroi |Hainaut |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-028 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Mons" scope="row" |[[File:Mons_beffroi_JPG01B.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mons_beffroi_JPG01B.jpg|136x136px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Mons]] <small>{{Coord|50.454110|3.949976|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Mons |Hainaut |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-029 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Namur" scope="row" |[[File:Namur_Belfry_02.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Namur_Belfry_02.JPG|177x177px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Namur]] <small>{{Coord|50.463890|4.867062|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Namur |Namur |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-030 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Thuin" scope="row" |[[File:Thuin_-_beffroi_-_2018-09-08_-_02.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thuin_-_beffroi_-_2018-09-08_-_02.jpg|151x151px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Thuin]] <small>{{Coord|50.339637|4.287541|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Thuin |Hainaut |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-031 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Tournai" scope="row" |[[File:Tournai_JPG02.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG02.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Tournai]] <small>{{Coord|50.605812|3.388005|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Tournai |Hainaut |Wallonja |Belġju |1999 |943-032 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the Town Hall of Armentières" scope="row" |[[File:Beffroi_Armentières_(Nord).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beffroi_Armenti%C3%A8res_(Nord).jpg|184x184px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Armentières]] <small>{{Coord|50.68645|2.8824|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Armentières |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-033 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the Town Hall of Bailleul" scope="row" |[[File:Mairie_et_Beffroi.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mairie_et_Beffroi.JPG|140x140px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Bailleul]] <small>{{Coord|50.7397|2.7344|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Bailleul |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-034 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Bergues" scope="row" |[[File:Beffroi_de_Bergues_(sommet).jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beffroi_de_Bergues_(sommet).jpg|150x150px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Bergues]] <small>{{Coord|50.9680|2.4327|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Bergues |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-035 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of St. Martin's Church" scope="row" |[[Stampa:Beffroi de Cambrai.jpg|221x221px]] |Kampnar ta' San Martin <small>{{Coord|50.1742|3.232127|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Cambrai]] |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-036 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Comines" scope="row" |[[File:Comines_(France)_JPG02.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Comines_(France)_JPG02.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Comines]] <small>{{Coord|50.7653|3.0072|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Comines |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-037 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Douai" scope="row" |[[Stampa:Le beffroi de Douai.jpg|174x174px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Douai]] <small>{{Coord|50.3679|3.0805|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Douai |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-038 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Dunkirk" scope="row" |[[File:Dunkerque_dzwonnica_06.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dunkerque_dzwonnica_06.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Dunkirk]] <small>{{Coord|51.0356|2.3763|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Dunkirk |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-039 |- ! data-sort-value="" scope="row" |[[File:Dunkerque_ratusz_8.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dunkerque_ratusz_8.jpg|179x179px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' Dunkirk <small>{{Coord|51.0376|2.3768|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Dunkirk |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-040 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Gravelines" scope="row" |[[File:Gravelines_beffroi_trois_quarts.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gravelines_beffroi_trois_quarts.JPG|160x160px]] |Kampnar ta' Gravelines <small>{{Coord|50.9868|2.1261|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Gravelines |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-041 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Lille" scope="row" |[[File:Mobeye-ÉtéDesVilles-Lille-512.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Lille-512.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Lille]] <small>{{Coord|50.6306|3.0698|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Lille |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-042 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Loos" scope="row" |[[File:Loos_hotel_de_ville.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Loos_hotel_de_ville.jpg|134x134px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Loos]] <small>{{Coord|50.61507|3.01477|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Loos |Nord |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-043 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Aire-sur-la-Lys" scope="row" |[[File:Aire-sur-la-Lys_Beffroi_en2018.JPG|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aire-sur-la-Lys_Beffroi_en2018.JPG|150x150px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Aire-sur-la-Lys]] <small>{{Coord|50.6385|2.3963|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Aire-sur-la-Lys |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-044 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Arras" scope="row" |[[File:Arras_(62),_beffroi,_vue_depuis_l'est.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arras_(62),_beffroi,_vue_depuis_l'est.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Arras]] <small>{{Coord|50.2911|2.7770|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Arras |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-045 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Béthune" scope="row" |[[File:Bethune_beffroi_2.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bethune_beffroi_2.jpg|170x170px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Béthune]] <small>{{Coord|50.5310|2.6392|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Béthune |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-046 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Boulogne-sur-Mer" scope="row" |[[File:Boulogne_beffroi.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boulogne_beffroi.jpg|146x146px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] <small>{{Coord|50.7250|1.6132|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Boulogne-sur-Mer |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-047 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Calais" scope="row" |[[File:Mairie_de_Calais_en_2013_10.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mairie_de_Calais_en_2013_10.jpg|150x150px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Calais]] <small>{{Coord|50.9529|1.8542|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Calais |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-048 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the City Hall of Hesdin" scope="row" |[[File:Hesdin_beffroi_1.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hesdin_beffroi_1.jpg|145x145px]] |Kampnar tal-Muniċipju ta' [[Hesdin]] <small>{{Coord|50.3730|2.0363|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Hesdin |Pas-de-Calais |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-049 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Abbeville" scope="row" |[[File:Abbeville_-_Beffroi_-_Musée_Boucher-de-Perthes_-_24_rue_Gontier_Patin_(1-2016)_P1040208.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abbeville_-_Beffroi_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Boucher-de-Perthes_-_24_rue_Gontier_Patin_(1-2016)_P1040208.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Abbeville]] <small>{{Coord|50.1073|1.8329|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Abbeville |[[Somme]] |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-050 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Somme" scope="row" |[[File:Amiens_France_Belfry-of-Amiens-01.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amiens_France_Belfry-of-Amiens-01.jpg|150x150px]] |Kampnar ta' Somme <small>{{Coord|49.8955|2.2960|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |[[Amiens]] |Somme |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-051 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of the former Municipal Hall of Doullens" scope="row" |[[File:Doullens_PM_092437_F.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Doullens_PM_092437_F.jpg|201x201px]] |Kampnar tal-eks Muniċipju ta' [[Doullens]] <small>{{Coord|50.1554|2.3410|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Doullens |Somme |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-052 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry on the remaining City Gate of Lucheux" scope="row" |[[File:Lucheux_beffroi_(vu_du_Sud-Ouest)_1.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lucheux_beffroi_(vu_du_Sud-Ouest)_1.jpg|132x132px]] |Kampnar fuq dak li fadal minn Bieb il-Belt ta' [[Lucheux]] <small>{{Coord|50.1971|2.4112|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Lucheux |Somme |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-053 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Rue" scope="row" |[[File:Rue_-_Beffroi_de_Rue_-_2_place_du_Général_Leclerc_(6-2016)_P1030952cr.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rue_-_Beffroi_de_Rue_-_2_place_du_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Leclerc_(6-2016)_P1030952cr.jpg|133x133px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Rue]] <small>{{Coord|50.2725|1.6687|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Rue |Somme |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-054 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Saint-Riquier" scope="row" |[[File:Beffroi-de-Saint-Riquier-DSC_0283.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beffroi-de-Saint-Riquier-DSC_0283.jpg|135x135px]] |Kampnar ta' [[Saint-Riquier]] <small>{{Coord|50.1342|1.9464|region:FR_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Saint-Riquier |Somme |Hauts-de-France |Franza |2005 |943-055 |- ! data-sort-value="Belfry of Gembloux" scope="row" |[[File:Belfort,_Gembloers.jpg|ħolqa=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belfort,_Gembloers.jpg|151x151px]] |Kampnar ta' Gembloux <small>{{Coord|50.560799|4.692968|region:BE_type:landmark|format=dms}}</small> |Gembloux |Namur |Wallonja |Belġju |2005 |943-056 |} == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Monumenti]] [[Kategorija:Torrijiet]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji Kulturali]] [[Kategorija:Belġju]] [[Kategorija:Franza]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Belġju]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fi Franza]] 0x9v8e9a3fkb77qm756ac1h95jbt20a 0 34089 330935 330923 2026-07-04T13:06:07Z ToniSant 4257 /* Lulju */ +ref 330935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Din hija lista ta' nies notevoli Maltin li mietu fl-2026.''' F'din il-lista jidhru biss ismijiet ta' nies li l-mewt tagħhom hija kkonfermata peremezz ta' rapport/i minn sorsi verifikabbli. Żidiet bla referenza għal sors verifikabbli jitneħħew minn hawn u jitpoġġew fil-[[Diskussjoni:Nies Maltin li mietu fl-2026|paġna ta' diskussjoni]] sakemm jiġu verifikati sew. Dwar kull persuna jinġabru biss dawn id-dettalji hawn: * Data: Isem u Kunjom, età (jew "??" meta din mhux magħrufa), għal xiex inhi magħrufa l-persuna, kawża tal-mewt (m'għandu jiddaħħal xejn meta mhux magħrufa uffiċjalment) - tagħrif ieħor f'każ ta' persuna li mhux inkluża f'Wikidata (eż. data tat-twelid), referenzi (għandu jkun hemm aktar minn waħda f'każ ta' nies aktar notevoli) '''''Nota:''' id-data tal-mewt m'għandix tkun dik ta' meta tħabbret imma ta' meta seħħet.'' ---- == Jannar == * 2: [[Tony Carr]], 98, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949|titlu=Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-01-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-perkussjonist-tony-carr-george-caruana-jmut-fl-eta-ta-98-sena/|titlu=Il-perkussjonist Tony Carr (George Caruana) jmut fl-età ta’ 98 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/01/02/tony-carr-passes-away/|titlu=Renowned Maltese drummer, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/138938/maltese_jazz_great_tony_carr_dies_aged_98|titlu=Maltese jazz great Tony Carr dies aged 98|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-02/local-news/Maltese-jazz-legend-Tony-Carr-passes-away-aged-98-6736286044|titlu=Maltese jazz legend, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-malti-tony-carr/|titlu=Imut ta' 98 sena d-drummer Malti Tony Carr|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-famuz-malti-tony-carr-li-daqq-mal-akbar-stilel-muzikali/|titlu=Imut ta’ 98 sena d-drummer famuż Malti Tony Carr li daqq mal-akbar stilel mużikali|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.melodija.eu/post/tony-carr-george-caruana-maltese-jazz-pioneer-dies-at-98|titlu=Tony Carr (George Caruana): Maltese Jazz Pioneer Dies at 98|kunjom=Mifsud|isem=Noel|data=2026-01-05|sit=Melodija|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/fond-tribute-on-death-of-drummer-who-played-with-the-greats-5465983|titlu=Fond tribute on death of drummer who played with the greats|kunjom=Hewitt|isem=Phil|data=2026-01-10|sit=SussexWorld|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-10}}</ref> * 5: [[George Spiteri]], 90, mużiċist u l-ewwel leader tal-[[Orkestra Filarmonika ta' Malta]] (twieled: 20 ta’ Lulju 1935) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-6-2026.1122080|titlu=Announcements − January 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-george-spiteri-l-ewwel-leader-tal-orkestra-filarmonika-ta-malta/|titlu=Imut George Spiteri, l-ewwel leader tal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1540894257190704/?t=49|titlu=MPO: Protagonisti - George Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Joe Julian|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/a-real-gentleman-good-musician-violinist-george-spiteri-dies-aged-90.1122103|titlu='A real gentleman': trailblazing violinist George Spiteri dies at 90|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref> * 6: [[Thomas Farrell]], 89, għalliem u l-ewwel sindku ta' Ħaż Żabbar <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/thomas-farrell-first-mayor-zabbar-dies-aged-89.1122141|titlu=Thomas Farrell, first mayor of Żabbar, dies aged 89|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-07}}</ref> * 14: [[Paul Chetcuti Caruana]], 77, tabib u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-deputat-laburista-t-tabib-paul-chetcuti-caruana/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Deputat Laburista t-Tabib Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=14 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana-dies.1122497|titlu=Mosta doctor Paul Chetcuti Caruana, targeted by 1977 letter bomb, dies aged 77|kunjom=Calleja|isem=Claudia|data=2026-01-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-14/local-news/Paul-Chetcuti-Caruana-who-survived-letter-bomb-attempt-in-1977-dies-6736286334|titlu=Paul Chetcuti Caruana, who survived letter-bomb attempt in 1977, dies - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/parliament-pays-tribute-mosta-doctor-pl-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana.1123482|titlu=Parliament pays tribute to Mosta doctor and PL MP Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-02-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-02}}</ref> * 20: [[Matthew Wismayer]], 53, fundatur ta' Schools for Africa (Malta) Foundation <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/matthew-wismayer-schools-africa-foundation-entrepreneur-dies.1122791|titlu=Matthew Wismayer, who turned a cancer diagnosis into inspiration, dies aged 53|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-01-20|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-matthew-wismayer-il-mohh-wara-progett-biex-jigu-meghjuna-tfal-fl-afrika/|titlu=Imut Matthew Wismayer, il-moħħ wara proġett biex jiġu megħjuna tfal fl-Afrika|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/malta/founder-of-prince-princess-malta-matthew-wismayer-passes-away/|titlu=Founder Of 'Prince & Princess Malta' Matthew Wismayer Passes Away|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Rebecca Scalvini|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/matthew-wismayer-passes-away-aged-53|titlu=Maltese Entrepreneur Matthew Wismayer passes away at 53|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-21-2026.1122811|titlu=Announcements – January 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> * 20: [[George Callus]], 88, ko-fundatur tal-Comtec (twieled: 8 ta' Settembru 1937) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/comtec-co-founder-george-callus-has-passed-away|titlu=Comtec Co-Founder George Callus has passed away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ir-ragel-ta-amy-callus-orlando-mrs-axiak-ta-simpatici/|titlu=Imut ir-raġel ta’ Amy Callus Orlando, Mrs Axiak ta’ Simpatiċi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/nimmissjak-immens-ghaziz-l-attrici-amy-callus-thabbar-it-telfa-ta-zewgha-george/|titlu="Nimmissjak Immens, Għażiż" - L-Attriċi Amy Callus Tħabbar It-Telfa Ta' Żewġha George|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-01-22|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-23-2026.1122923|titlu=Announcements – January 23, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Frar == * 4: [[Alfred Abela]], 80, eks-assistent kummissarju tal-pulizija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-assistent-kummissarju-tal-pulizija-alfred-abela/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Assistent Kummissarju tal-Pulizija Alfred Abela|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 5: [[Philip Farrugia Randon]], 76, avukat u kittieb li ħoloq il-karattru ta' Puttinu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dedicated-patriot-philip-farrugia-randon-dies.1123612|titlu='Dedicated patriot' Philip Farrugia Randon dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-6-2026.1123652|titlu=Announcements − February 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-dr-philip-farrugia-randon-avukat-u-awtur-li-holoq-il-karattru-puttinu/|titlu=Imut Dr Philip Farrugia Randon, avukat u awtur li ħoloq il-karattru Puttinu|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-02-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-philip-farrugia-randon.1124083|titlu=Appreciation: Philip Farrugia Randon|kunjom=De Bono|isem=Anthony|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 5: [[Helen Micallef]], 75, kantanta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/helen-micallef-eurovision-1972-singer-dies-aged-75.1123643|titlu=Helen Micallef, Eurovision 1972 singer, dies aged 75|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-helen-micallef-l-ewwel-maltija-fil-eurovision/|titlu=Tmut Helen Micallef, l-ewwel kantanta Maltija fil-Eurovision|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=5 Frar 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/139589/veteran_singer_helen_micallef_dies_aged_75|titlu=Veteran singer Helen Micallef dies aged 75|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/helen-micallef-tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-ghada-s-sibt/|titlu=Helen Micallef tingħata l-aħħar tislima għada s-Sibt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-05/local-news/Helen-Micallef-first-Maltese-woman-at-Eurovision-dies-at-75-6736286990|titlu=Helen Micallef, first Maltese woman at Eurovision, dies at 75 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/iccelebrata-l-hajja-tal-kantanta-helen-micallef/|titlu=Iċċelebrata l-ħajja tal-kantanta Helen Micallef|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Anton|data=7 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 8: [[Paul Aquilina]], 94, Ġiżwita Malti bbażat fl-Indja <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-fr-paul-aquilina-l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja/|titlu=Imut Fr Paul Aquilina – l-aħħar Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja-jkanta-l-ghanjiet-tal-milied/|titlu=L-aħħar Patri Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja jkanta l-Għanjiet tal-Milied|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=25 Diċembru 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mort-l-indja-biex-narah-jordna-sacerdot-u-kantajt-bil-malti-waqt-il-funeral-ta-fr-aquilina/|titlu=“Mort l-Indja nara żagħżugħ jiġi ordnat qassis, u spiċċajt inkanta bil-Malti fil-funeral ta’ Fr Aquilina”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-15-2026.1124084|titlu=Announcements – February 15, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 10: [[Lina Brockdorff|Lina Brockdorff,]] 95, kittieba <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/awardwinning-writer-lina-brockdorff-dies-aged-96.1123850|titlu=Novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-02-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-awtrici-lina-brockdorff-fl-eta-ta-95-sena/|titlu=Tmut l-awtriċi Lina Brockdorff fl-età ta' 95 sena|data=2026-02-10|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tax-xandara-u-l-kittieba-lina-brockdorff/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tax-xandara u l-kittieba Lina Brockdorff|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-10/local-news/Maltese-novelist-and-playwright-Lina-Brockdorff-dies-aged-95-6736287109|titlu=Maltese novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref> * 10: [[Achille Cauchi]], 86, monsinjur Għawdxi, ħu l-Isqof [[Nikol Cauchi]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-monsinjur-achille-cauchi/|titlu=Imut Monsinjur Achille Cauchi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/mons-achille-cauchi-10-02-2026|titlu=Mons. Achille Cauchi - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Laurence Grech]], 77, ġurnalist u eks-editur tas-Sunday Times of Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-times-malta-editor-laurence-grech-dies-aged-77.1124107|titlu=Former Times of Malta editor Laurence Grech dies, aged 77|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-laurence-grech-il-ggant-tal-gurnalizmu-l-eks-editur-tat-times-of-malta/|titlu=Imut Laurence Grech, “il-ġgant tal-ġurnaliżmu”, l-eks-editur tat-Times of Malta|data=15 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-16-2026.1124125|titlu=Announcements – February 16, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/laurence-grech-15-02-2026|titlu=Laurence Grech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Esmeralda Galea Camilleri]], 37, mużiċista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tal-muzicista-brava-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=Ħafna Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tal-Mużiċista Brava Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-02-16|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/kont-titpaxxa-tismaghha-tmut-il-muzicista-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=“Kont titpaxxa tismagħha” – tmut il-mużiċista Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Mario Bonnici]], 76, kantant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-kanzunetta-li-kont-iddedikaktli-se-tibqa-fqalbi-imut-il-kantant-mario-bonnici/|titlu=“Il-kanzunetta li kont iddedikajtli se tibqa’ f’qalbi” – imut il-kantant Mario Bonnici|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 18: [[Julian Attard]], 44, amministratur tal-futbol ma' [[Marsaxlokk FC]] u [[Floriana FC]] (twieled fis-27 ta' Novembru 1981) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/02/18/former-marsaxlokk-and-floriana-fc-administrator-julian-attard-dies/|titlu=Former Marsaxlokk and Floriana FC administrator Julian Attard dies|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gianluca|data=2026-02-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/hallejtna-kmieni-wisq-habib-imut-julian-attard-tat-tim-tal-futbol-ta-marsaxlokk/|titlu=“Ħallejtna kmieni wisq ħabib” – imut Julian Attard, tat-tim tal-futbol ta’ Marsaxlokk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 23: [[Manuel Casha]], 81, mużiċist, kittieb, u folklorista <ref> {{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-muzicist-manuel-casha-fl-awstralja/ |sit=ONEnews|data=24 Frar 2026|isem=Josef|kunjom=Caruana|lingwa=mt|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u mużiċist Manuel Casha fl-Awstralja}}</ref> * 28: [[Mario Buhagiar]], 81 professur tal-istorja tal-arti <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/mario-buhagiar-founder-art-history-department-dies-aged-81.1124795|titlu=Mario Buhagiar, founder of art history department dies aged 81|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-03-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/03/02/prof-mario-buhagiar/|titlu=Founder of the arts History Department – Professor Mario Buhagiar passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2 Marzu 2026|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Marzu == * 8: [[Joseph Gatt (Caritas)|Joseph Gatt]], 81, pijunier fir-riabilitazzjoni tad-drogati f'Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-gatt-drug-rehabilitation-pioneer-dies-aged-81.1125168|titlu=Joseph Gatt, drug rehabilitation pioneer, dies aged 81|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/segwi-meta-konna-fl-infern-habba-d-droga-joe-kien-anglu-kustodju/|titlu=Segwi: “Meta konna fl-infern ħabba d-droga Joe kien anġlu kustodju”|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=9 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 13: [[Luciano Bonello Bianco]], 72, propjetarju ta' Luciano Restaurant <ref>{{Ċita web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-march-15-2026.1125478 |titlu=Announcements|sit=Times of Malta|data-aċċess=2026-03-15}}</ref> * 21: [[Charles Micallef St John]], 81, kittieb u eks-kunsillier tal-Gżira <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-awtur-charles-micallef-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St John|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=21 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/21/imut-l-awtur-chaf-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St. John|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-03-21|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 22: [[Calvin Brincat]], 32, parteċipant fil-programm tat-television ''Hazzzard'', kanċer <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-calvin-brincat-li-ggieled-2-tipi-ta-kancer-u-kien-ippartecipa-fhazzzard/|titlu=Imut Calvin Brincat li ġġieled 2 tipi ta' kanċer u kien ipparteċipa f'HazZzard|data=2026-03-23|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-iz-zaghzugh-calvin-brincat-ta-hazzzard/|titlu=Imut iż-żagħżugħ Calvin Brincat ta’ HazZzard|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=23 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-paid-truly-sensitive-soul-cancer-patient-calvin-brincat.1125893|titlu=Tributes paid to 'truly sensitive soul', cancer victim Calvin Brincat|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 29: [[Elio Lombardi]], 92, kittieb u direttur tal-films <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/prolific-filmmaker-author-elio-lombardi-dies-aged-92.1126197|titlu=Prolific film-maker, author Elio Lombardi dies aged 92|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-03-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-awtur-tal-kotba-u-direttur-tal-films-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Imut l-awtur tal-kotba u direttur tal-films Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-03-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/29/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Elio Lombardi fl-età ta' 92 sena|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-03-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-attur-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u attur Elio Lombardi fl-età ta’ 92 Sena|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-elio-lombardi-figura-prominenti-fil-films-u-l-letteratura-maltija/|titlu=Imut Elio Lombardi, figura prominenti fil-films u l-letteratura Maltija|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-03-29/local-news/Maltese-author-and-film-director-Elio-Lombardi-dies-aged-92-6736288379|titlu=Maltese author and film director Elio Lombardi dies aged 92 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbar-meta-se-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Tħabbar meta se jingħata l-aħħar tislima Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=1 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-elio-dejjem-gharaf-li-kien-mimli-doni-minn-alla/|titlu=Ara: “Elio dejjem għaraf li kien mimli doni minn Alla”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=8 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-lil-elio-lombardi-ikona-fid-drama-maltija/|titlu=Tingħata l-aħħar tislima lil Elio Lombardi … ikona fid-drama Maltija|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Enrique|data=8 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == April == * 2: [[Edmond Zarb]], 81, kittieb u mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/02/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-muzicist-u-awtur-edmond-zarb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-mużiċist u awtur Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-02|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tajt-kontribut-lill-kultura-maltija-imut-l-awtur-u-pjanist-edmond-zarb|titlu=“Tajt kontribut lill-kultura Maltija” – imut l-awtur u pjanist Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 6: [[Graziella Castillo]], 47, direttur tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/graziella-castillo-director-agenzija-appogg-dies-aged-47.1126547|titlu=Graziella Castillo, director of Agenzija Appoġġ, dies aged 47|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-graziella-castillo-direttrici-tal-agenzija-appogg/|titlu=Tmut Graziella Castillo – Direttriċi tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ|data=6 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 11: [[Colin Willis]], 81, eks-kummissajru Awstraljan għal Malta u attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-13/local-news/Well-known-actor-Colin-Willis-passes-away-aged-81-6736288759|titlu=Well-known actor Colin Willis passes away aged 81 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-13}}</ref> * 12: [[Aurelio Belli]], 49, mużiċist u arranġatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/musician-mpo-manager-aurelio-belli-dies-aged-49.1126829|titlu=Musician and MPO manager Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-04-12|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2026/04/malta-mourns-maestro-49/|titlu=Malta mourns maestro, 49|kunjom=lebrecht|isem=Norman|data=12 April 2026|sit=Slipped Disc|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-12/local-news/Maestro-Aurelio-Belli-dies-aged-49-6736288731|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/140933/maestro_aurelio_belli_dies_at_49_|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies at 49|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=12 April 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-il-maestro-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut il-Maestro Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=12 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-is-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut is-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-12|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-maestro-aurelio-belli-fl-eta-ta-49-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Maestro Aurelio Belli fl-età ta’ 49 sena|kunjom=Sacco Baldacchino|isem=Kimberley|data=12 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tas-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tas-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-12|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-maestro-aurelio-belli-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima|titlu=Tislima lill-Maestro Aurelio Belli: “Mela s-silenzju b’ħajja ta’ noti”|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=18 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Desmond Morris]], 98, etoloġista Ingliż li għex f'Malta (1968–1974) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/desmond-morris-famous-zoologist-author-painter-malta-past-dies-98.1127264|titlu=Desmond Morris, famous zoologist, author and painter with Malta past, dies at 98|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-04-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-21}}</ref> * 24: [[Mary Grech]], 88, attriċi u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-actress-mary-grech-dies-aged-88.1127413|titlu=Veteran actress Mary Grech dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-24|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-attrici-u-prezentatrici-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-attriċi u preżentatriċi Mary Grech|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=24 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-eks-prezentattrici-televiziva-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-eks preżentattriċi televiżiva Mary Grech|kunjom=Attard|isem=Francesca|data=2026-04-24|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/24/tmut-mary-grech-pijufniera-tax-xandir-u-fost-l-ewwel-ucuh-tat-televizjoni-maltija/|titlu=Tmut Mary Grech, attriċi, pijuniera tax-xandir u fost l-ewwel uċuħ tat-televiżjoni Maltija|kunjom=Abdilla|isem=Raymond|data=2026-04-24|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref> == Mejju == * 1: [[Dolindo Cassar]], 83, xandar u eks-president tas-[[Soċjetà Filarmonika La Stella]] u tat-[[Teatru Astra]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/tislima-lil-dolindo-cassar-li-ghadda-ghall-hajja-ta-dejjem-figura-li-halliet-marka-kbira-fil-kultura-ghawdxija/|titlu=Tislima Lil Dolindo Cassar Li Għadda Għall-Ħajja Ta’ Dejjem - Figura Li Ħalliet Marka Kbira Fil-Kultura Għawdxija|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-05-05|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.stgeorge.org.mt/events/funeral-of-dolindo-cassar/|titlu=Funeral of DOLINDO CASSAR|data=2026-05-03|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-dolindo-cassar.1129615|titlu=Appreciation: Dolindo Cassar|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Charles|data=2026-06-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Noel Galea Bason]], 71, skultur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/15/imut-l-artist-noel-galea-bason/|titlu=Imut l-artist Noel Galea Bason|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/artist-noel-galea-bason-dies-aged-71.1128464|titlu=Artist Noel Galea Bason dies aged 71|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-05-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-noel-galea-bason-furjaniz-moghni-btalenti-artistici-varji/|titlu=Imut Noel Galea Bason, Furjaniż mogħni b’talenti artistiċi varji|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=15 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Norbert Ellul Vincenti]], 88, patri Franġiskan, għalliem u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/19/imut-p-norbert-ellul-vincenti-ofm/|titlu=Imut P. Norbert Ellul Vincenti OFM|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-19|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-patri-norbert-ellul-vincenti/|titlu=Imut Patri Norbert Ellul Vincenti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=19 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 26: [[Benny Muscat]], 86, sid ta' diversi ristorant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/goodbye-nonno-renowned-restaurateur-benny-muscat-dies.1129052|titlu='Goodbye Nonno' – renowned restaurateur Benny Muscat dies|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-05-26|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-benny-muscat-il-qalb-wara-ta-marija-palazzo-pescatore-u-trattoria-del-nonno/|titlu=Imut Benny Muscat, il-qalb wara Ta’ Marija, Palazzo Pescatore u Trattoria del Nonno|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=26 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/benny-muscat-26-05-2026|titlu=Benny Muscat - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-28}}</ref> * 28: [[Rose Riolo]], 90, attriċi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-eks-attrici-rose-riolo/|titlu=Tmut l-eks attriċi Rose Riolo|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=28 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-29-2026.1129195|titlu=Announcements – May 29, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> * 28: [[Ray Ghigo Laferla]], ??, imprenditur u DJ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ray-ghigo-laferla-eks-dj-tal-griffin-u-fundatur-tal-ghigos-disco/|titlu=Imut Ray Ghigo Laferla, eks DJ tal-Griffin u fundatur tal-Ghigos Disco|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=29 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ġunju == * 4: [[Jonathan Cardona]], 47, eks-CEO tal-[[Enemalta]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-enemalta-ceo-residency-malta-head-jonathan-cardona-dies.1129476|titlu=Former Enemalta CEO, Residency Malta head Jonathan Cardona dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-kap-ezekuttiv-tal-enemalta-u-residenza-malta-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Kap Eżekuttiv tal-Enemalta u Residenza Malta Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142318/former_joseph_muscat_aide_jonathan_cardona_passes_away_|titlu=Former Joseph Muscat aide Jonathan Cardona passes away|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Karl|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-kap-tal-enemalta-u-tal-programm-tac-cittadinanza-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Imut l-eks kap tal-Enemalta u tal-programm taċ-ċittadinanza Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ara-il-pm-jinhasad-bil-mewt-ta-jonathan-cardona-waqt-il-gurament-tal-hatra-tal-membri-tal-kabinett/|titlu=ARA: il-PM jinħasad bil-mewt ta' Jonathan Cardona waqt il-ġurament tal-ħatra tal-membri tal-Kabinett|data=2026-06-04|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-04/local-news/CEO-of-Residency-Malta-Agency-Jonathan-Cardona-dies-6736290235|titlu=CEO of Residency Malta Agency, Jonathan Cardona, passes away - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref> * 5: [[Olivia Dow]]: ??, żeffiena u għalliema tal-ballet <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/renowned-ballet-teacher-olivia-dow-dies.1129558|titlu=Renowned ballet teacher Olivia Dow dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-olivia-dow.1129901|titlu=Appreciation: Olivia Dow|kunjom=Chetcuti|isem=Kristina|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 8: [[Antonio Briguglio]], 91, referee tal-futbol <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/sport/imut-l-ex-referee-internazzjonali-tonio-briguglio/|titlu=Imut l-ex-referee internazzjonali Tonio Briguglio|kunjom=Cossai|isem=Peter|data=2026-06-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/sports/football/142408/former_referee_antonio_briguglio_dies_|titlu=Former referee Antonio Briguglio dies|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/06/08/maltese-legendary-referee-tonio-briguglio-dies-aged-91/|titlu=Maltese legendary referee Tonio Briguglio dies, aged 91|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Valhmor|data=2026-06-08|sit=SportsDesk|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Josephine Xuereb]], ??, attivita u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-pn-election-candidate-dies.1129912|titlu=Former PN election candidate dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/14/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-josephine-xuereb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Josephine Xuereb|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-14/local-news/Former-PN-candidate-Josephine-Xuereb-dies-6736290504|titlu=Former PN candidate Josephine Xuereb dies|data=14 Ġunju 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/17/josephine-xuereb-kienet-mara-li-uzat-it-talenti-taghha-biex-tkattar-il-gid/|titlu="Josephine Xuereb kienet mara li użat it-talenti tagħha biex tkattar il-ġid"|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-06-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 18: [[Helen Borg]], ??, eks President tal-Kunsill tal-Iskola għat-Tagħlim Tul il-Ħajja u eks Kap tal-Iskola Vincenzo Borg Brared, marda tal-Parkinson's <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/riptmut-helen-borg-eks-president-tal-kunsill-tal-iskola-ghat-taghlim-tul-il-hajja-u-eks-headteacher-ta-birkirkara/|titlu=Tmut Helen Borg, Eks President Tal-Kunsill Tal-Iskola Għat-Tagħlim Tul Il-Ħajja U Eks Headteacher Ta’ Birkirkara|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-06-19|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 21: [[Żeppi l-Ħafi|Joseph Fenech]], 71, kriminal magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-fenech-known-zeppi-lhafi-dies-aged-71.1130234|titlu=Joseph Fenech, known as Żeppi l-Ħafi, dies aged 71|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhal-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech, magħruf bħal Żeppi l-Ħafi|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=21 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhala-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi|data=2026-06-21|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 22: [[Paul Fenech (kunsilleri)|Paul Fenech]], 79, kunsillier tas-Swieqi, artist u kowċ tal-basketball <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-swieqi-councillor-artist-basketball-coach-paul-fenech-dies.1130293|titlu=Former Swieqi councillor, artist and basketball coach, Paul Fenech dies aged 79|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-06-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/22/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-paul-fenech-li-serva-ghal-snin-twal-bhala-kunsillier-lokali-tal-pn-fi-swieqi/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta' Paul Fenech li serva għal snin twal bħala kunsillier lokali tal-PN fi Swieqi|kunjom=Borg|isem=Maria|data=2026-06-22|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/paul-fenech-22-06-2026|titlu=Paul Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-25}}</ref> * 29: [[Antoinette Miggiani]], 88, sopran u għalliema tal-kant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/antoinette-miggiani-soprano-teacher-dies-aged-88.1130669|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani, soprano, teacher dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-29/local-news/Renowned-Maltese-soprano-and-vocal-teacher-Antoinette-Miggiani-dies-aged-88-6736290961|titlu=Renowned Maltese soprano and vocal teacher Antoinette Miggiani dies aged 88|data=29 June 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/antoinette-miggiani-29-06-2026|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=30 Ġunju 2026|sit=RIP.com.mt|lingwa=rn}}</ref> == Lulju == * 1: [[John Ripard Snr]], 96, baħħar Olimpiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-07-01/local-news/Sailing-icon-and-RMYC-Honorary-President-John-Ripard-Snr-Passes-Away-6736291009|titlu=Sailing icon and RMYC Honorary President John Ripard Snr dies, aged 96 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/john-ripard-snr-cofounder-rolex-middle-sea-race-dies-aged-96.1130762|titlu=John Ripard Snr, Olympian and co-founder of Rolex Middle Sea Race, dies aged 96|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-07-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/07/01/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-john-ripard-pijunier-tal-ibburdjar-fmalta/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' John Ripard...pijunier tal-ibburdjar f'Malta|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-july-3-2026.1130831|titlu=Announcements – July 3, 2026|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/john-c-ripard-01-07-2026|titlu=John C Ripard|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=RIP.com.mt|lingwa=en}}</ref> * 3: [[Carmen Vella]], 79, kantanta u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-carmen-vella-li-kienet-kantanta-u-xandara-ma-radju-malta/|titlu=Tmut Carmen Vella li kienet kantanta u xandara ma’ Radju Malta|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kantanta-u-xandara-carmen-vella/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kantanta u xandara Carmen Vella|kunjom=Cini|isem=Luana|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-il-kantanta-carmen-vella/|titlu=Tmut il-kantanta Carmen Vella|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/kelli-x-xorti-nipprezenta-maghha-ghal-diversi-snin-il-programm-tar-radju-maltin-biss-in-neputija-bmessagg-lil-carmen-vella-li-hallietna/|titlu=“Kelli X-Xorti Nippreżenta Magħha Għal Diversi Snin Il-Programm Tar-Radju Maltin Biss” – In-Neputija B’Messaġġ Lil Carmen Vella Li Ħallietna|kunjom=Grech|isem=Matthea|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/07/04/farewell-carmen-vella-another-icon-of-the-maltese-song-scene-passes-away/|titlu=Farewell Carmen Vella - another icon of the Maltese song scene passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-07-04|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-07-04}}</ref> == Ara aktar == * [[:Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] - tinkludi ħoloq għal artikli fil-Wikipedija dwar nies li mietu fl-2026 == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Imwiet f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026|*]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mwiet bis-sena]] iws4fngd5ymsegjb9k08lezedt7l3dt 2 34498 330936 330805 2026-07-05T05:45:10Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Article draft pending poofreading by Maltese editor. 330936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ilsien |isem = Latvjan |isemuffiċjali = latviešu valoda |kulur = #F0F8FF |pajjiżi = [[Latvja]] |reġjuni = [[Ewropa]] |kelliema = madwar 1.55 miljun kelliem nattiv (2011) |rank = |familja = [[Lingwi Indo-Ewropej]]<br>Lingwi Baltiċi<br>Lingwi Baltiċi tal-Lvant |nazzjon = {{bandiera|Latvja}}<br>{{bandiera|Unjoni Ewropea}} |aġenzija = Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana |iso1 = lv |iso2 = lav |iso3 = lav |sil = lav |mappa = [[Image:Idioma letón.PNG|frameless|upright=1.5]] |test = }} '''Il-lingwa Latvjana''' (bil-Latvjan: ''latviešu valoda'') hija lingwa Baltika tal-Lvant fil-familja tal-lingwi Indo-Ewropej u hija l-lingwa storikament marbuta mal-poplu Latvjan. Hija l-lingwa uffiċjali tar-Repubblika tal-Latvja u waħda mill-lingwi uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea. Flimkien mal-Litwan, il-Latvjan huwa wieħed miż-żewġ lingwi Baltiċi ħajjin; il-Prussjan Antik, lingwa Baltika oħra importanti storikament, huwa estint.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R2" /><ref name="R7" /><ref name="R9" /><ref name="R10" /> Il-lingwa standard moderna tintuża fl-amministrazzjoni pubblika, fl-edukazzjoni, fil-midja, fil-letteratura u fil-komunikazzjoni ta' kuljum fil-Latvja. Tinkiteb b'alfabet ibbażat fuq l-alfabet Latin, adattat għall-ħsejjes tal-Latvjan, inklużi ittri b'marki dijakritiċi bħal ā, č, ē, ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ, š, ū u ž.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R8" /> == Klassifikazzjoni u rabta ma’ lingwi Baltiċi oħra == Il-Latvjan jagħmel parti mill-grupp Baltiku tal-familja Indo-Ewropea. Fl-istess grupp hemm ukoll il-Litwan u l-Prussjan Antik, li huwa estint. Il-lingwi Baltiċi huma fergħa żgħira iżda storikament importanti tal-lingwi Indo-Ewropej, u l-Latvjan żviluppa forma standard, sistema ta' ħsejjes u struttura grammatikali tiegħu.<ref name="R1" /> Il-Latvjan u l-Litwan huma lingwi moderni relatati, iżda mhumiex l-istess lingwa. Ir-relazzjoni bejniethom hija importanti għall-istudji Baltiċi, iżda l-Latvjan modern żviluppa f'ambjent soċjali u storiku differenti, b'influwenzi minn djaletti Baltiċi lokali, amministrazzjoni u kultura bil-Ġermaniż, ir-Russu, u kuntatt ma' lingwi Finniċi bħall-Livonjan u l-Estonjan.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R13" /> == Kelliema u firxa ġeografika == Skont l-Enċiklopedija Nazzjonali tal-Latvja, id-data tal-2011 tindika madwar 1.55 miljun kelliem nattiv tal-Latvjan fid-dinja, fosthom madwar 1.16 miljun fil-Latvja, u madwar nofs miljun kelliem tat-tieni lingwa fil-Latvja. Il-Latvjan jintuża wkoll minn komunitajiet Latvjani barra l-pajjiż, fosthom fir-Renju Unit, fl-Istati Uniti, fl-Irlanda, fl-Iżvezja, fin-Norveġja, fil-Litwanja, fir-Russja u f'postijiet oħra.<ref name="R2" /> Statistika uffiċjali reċenti tal-Latvja turi wkoll ir-rwol ċentrali tal-lingwa fil-pajjiż. F'komunikat tal-2023 tal-Uffiċċju Ċentrali tal-Istatistika, il-Latvjan ġie rrappurtat bħala lingwa materna ta' 64.3% tal-abitanti, filwaqt li r-Russu ġie rrappurtat minn 37.7%; l-Ukren u l-Latgaljan kienu fost il-lingwi materni l-oħra rrappurtati b'ishma iżgħar. Fir-reġjun ta' Latgale, il-Latgaljan ġie rrappurtat bħala lingwa materna ta' 8.4% tal-popolazzjoni tar-reġjun.<ref name="R5" /> Għal persuni li l-lingwa materna tagħhom mhijiex il-Latvjan, il-Latvjan huwa wkoll ħila importanti bħala t-tieni lingwa jew bħala lingwa addizzjonali. L-Uffiċċju Ċentrali tal-Istatistika rrappporta, mill-Istħarriġ dwar l-Edukazzjoni tal-Adulti tal-2022, li 89.3% tal-popolazzjoni tal-Latvja bejn 25 u 64 sena kienu jitkellmu jew jifhmu l-Latvjan apparti l-lingwa materna tagħhom, anki jekk ftit biss.<ref name="R6" /> == Status legali fil-Latvja == L-Artikolu 4 tal-Kostituzzjoni tal-Latvja jgħid li l-lingwa Latvjana hija l-lingwa uffiċjali fir-Repubblika tal-Latvja. Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tirrepeti dan l-istatus u tirregola l-użu u l-protezzjoni tal-lingwa uffiċjali fl-istituzzjonijiet tal-istat u tal-gvern lokali, fil-qrati, fil-qasam tal-edukazzjoni u f'oqsma oħra fejn hemm interess pubbliku.<ref name="R7" /><ref name="R8" /> Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tagħti wkoll rikonoxximent speċjali lil diversi kwistjonijiet lingwistiċi relatati. Tipprovdi għall-iżvilupp u l-użu tal-lingwa tas-sinjali Latvjana għall-komunikazzjoni ma' persuni b'diffikultajiet fis-smigħ; titlob iż-żamma, il-protezzjoni u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa miktuba Latgaljana bħala varjant storiku tal-Latvjan; u titlob il-protezzjoni u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa Liv bħala l-lingwa tal-popolazzjoni indiġena Liv tal-Latvja.<ref name="R8" /> == Status fl-Unjoni Ewropea == Il-Latvjan sar lingwa uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea meta l-Latvja daħlet fl-UE fl-2004. Il-lingwi uffiċjali tal-UE jinkludu l-Latvjan, u ċ-ċittadini tal-UE għandhom id-dritt jikkomunikaw mal-istituzzjonijiet tal-UE bi kwalunkwe waħda mil-lingwi uffiċjali tal-UE. L-atti legali u s-sommarji tal-UE jkunu wkoll disponibbli bil-lingwi uffiċjali.<ref name="R9" /><ref name="R10" /> Għall-qarrejja bil-Malti, il-paġni uffiċjali tal-UE bil-Malti jużaw il-forma il-Latvjan għall-Latvjan bħala lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE. Il-paġna tal-UE bil-Malti dwar il-Latvja telenka wkoll il-lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE tal-Latvja bħala il-Latvjan. Dawn is-sorsi huma utli għat-terminoloġija Maltija fl-artiklu futur.<ref name="R10" /><ref name="R11" /> == Użu pubbliku, edukazzjoni u politika lingwistika == Il-politika dwar il-lingwa Latvjana mhijiex limitata għall-istatus legali. L-Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana tiddeskrivi l-għan tal-politika tal-lingwa tal-istat bħala li tiżgura s-sostenibbiltà, il-kwalità lingwistika u l-kompetittività tal-Latvjan bħala l-lingwa tal-istat tal-Latvja u bħala lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE. Id-direzzjonijiet tal-politika jinkludu l-istatus legali, l-edukazzjoni, ir-riċerka xjentifika u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa, it-terminoloġija, it-teknoloġija tal-lingwa u l-parteċipazzjoni pubblika.<ref name="R12" /> L-istudju soċjolingwistiku Language Situation in Latvia 2016–2020 jiddeskrivi s-sitwazzjoni lingwistika bħala suġġett li jiġi osservat maż-żmien, b'data dwar il-ħiliet lingwistiċi, l-użu tal-lingwa u l-attitudnijiet. Din ir-riċerka hija importanti għax il-Latvjan jaħdem mhux biss bħala lingwa privata tal-familji u tal-komunitajiet, iżda wkoll bħala l-lingwa komuni tal-amministrazzjoni pubblika, l-edukazzjoni, l-impjiegi u l-ħajja kulturali nazzjonali.<ref name="R13" /> == Il-Latvjan barra l-pajjiż u bħala lingwa barranija == Il-Latvjan jinżamm ukoll barra l-Latvja permezz tal-edukazzjoni fid-diaspora u t-tagħlim universitarju. L-Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana tgħid li l-appoġġ għall-Latvjan barra l-pajjiż jingħata f'żewġ oqsma: appoġġ għall-akkwist tal-Latvjan bħala lingwa barranija f'universitajiet barra l-pajjiż, u appoġġ għall-Latvjan fid-diaspora. Tgħid ukoll li l-Latvjan jista' jiġi studjat f'22 università barra l-pajjiż.<ref name="R14" /> Id-diaspora u t-tagħlim tal-Latvjan bħala lingwa barranija huma importanti għall-preżenza fit-tul tal-Latvjan barra t-territorju tal-istat. Materjali ta' tagħlim, dizzjunarji, riżorsi metodoloġiċi, seminars u appoġġ għall-iskejjel tad-diaspora jgħinu jżommu rabtiet bejn komunitajiet Latvjani barra l-pajjiż u l-lingwa li tintuża fil-Latvja.<ref name="R14" /> == Djaletti == [[Image:Latvaldialekti.svg|thumb|Firxa tad-djaletti tal-Latvjan fit-territorju tal-Latvja]] Il-Latvjan modern tradizzjonalment jinqasam fi tliet djaletti territorjali: id-djalett ċentrali, id-djalett Livonjan jew Tamian, u d-djalett Għoli Latvjan. Dawn id-djaletti jżommu karatteristiċi reġjonali marbuta mal-iżvilupp storiku taż-żoni fejn jitkellem il-Latvjan.<ref name="R3" /> Id-djalett ċentrali għandu importanza speċjali għax il-Latvjan letterarju standard żviluppa fuq il-bażi tiegħu. L-Enċiklopedija Nazzjonali tispjega li d-djalett ċentrali jinsab, kemm ġeografikament kif ukoll lingwistikament, bejn id-djalett Għoli Latvjan u d-djalett Livonjan, u li d-differenzi bejnu u l-lingwa letterarja huma iżgħar milli fid-djaletti l-oħra.<ref name="R4" /> Id-djalett Livonjan jew Tamian tal-Latvjan m'għandux jitħallat mal-lingwa Liv. L-ewwel wieħed huwa djalett tal-Latvjan; it-tieni waħda hija lingwa Finnika li storikament kienet mitkellma mil-Liv u li hija protetta separatament mil-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali.<ref name="R3" /><ref name="R8" /> == Il-Latgaljan u l-Livonjan fl-ambjent lingwistiku == Il-Latgaljan huwa marbut mill-qrib mal-Latvjan u maż-żona tad-djalett Għoli Latvjan, iżda għandu wkoll tradizzjoni miktuba u identità reġjonali tiegħu. Fil-liġi Latvjana, il-lingwa miktuba Latgaljana hija protetta bħala varjant storiku tal-Latvjan. L-istatistika uffiċjali tirreġistra wkoll il-Latgaljan separatament fir-riżultati dwar il-lingwa materna, b'mod speċjali f'Latgale.<ref name="R5" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R13" /> Il-Livonjan għandu pożizzjoni differenti. Mhuwiex lingwa Baltika iżda lingwa Finnika, storikament marbuta mal-poplu Liv. Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali titlob li l-istat iżomm, jipproteġi u jiżviluppa l-lingwa Liv bħala l-lingwa tal-popolazzjoni indiġena. Dan jagħmel il-Livonjan parti importanti mill-wirt lingwistiku usa' tal-Latvja, minkejja li mhuwiex varjetà tal-Latvjan.<ref name="R8" /><ref name="R13" /> == Sistema tal-kitba u pronunzja == Il-Latvjan modern jinkiteb bl-alfabet Latin b'marki dijakritiċi addizzjonali. Fl-ortografija standard, il-makroni juru t-tul tal-vokali, filwaqt li marki oħra jintużaw għal konsonanti palatalizzati u għal sibilanti. L-ortografija attwali hija bbażata fuq prinċipji adottati fl-1908 mill-Kummissjoni tal-Ortografija tal-Kummissjoni tal-Għarfien tas-Soċjetà Latvjana ta' Riga.<ref name="R1" /> Karatteristika prattika tal-pronunzja Latvjana hija l-importanza tat-tul tal-vokali. Id-differenza bejn vokali qosra u twal tista' tbiddel it-tifsira, u s-sistema tal-kitba normalment tindika l-vokali twal b'makroni. Għalhekk l-ortografija Latvjana hija aktar fonemika mill-ortografiji antiki tal-Latvjan ibbażati fuq il-Ġermaniż, għalkemm il-pronunzja u l-varjazzjoni djalettali jibqgħu importanti.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R3" /> == Ħarsa ġenerali lejn il-grammatika == Il-grammatika tal-Latvjan hija inflettiva ħafna. In-nomi tradizzjonalment jinqasmu f'sitt deklinazzjonijiet, u l-forom tan-nomi jinbidlu skont il-każ grammatikali, in-numru u l-ġeneru. Id-deklinazzjonijiet 1–3 l-aktar jinkludu nomi maskili, filwaqt li d-deklinazzjonijiet 4–6 l-aktar jinkludu nomi femminili, għalkemm hemm eċċezzjonijiet.<ref name="R1" /> L-aġġettivi Latvjani wkoll jiġu deklinati u jistgħu jesprimu d-definitezza permezz ta' truf aġġettivali. Il-verbi għandhom forom ta' żmien, mod u persuna, u l-lingwa għandha kostruzzjoni debittiva li tintuża għall-ħtieġa jew l-obbligu. Minħabba li r-relazzjonijiet grammatikali spiss jintwerew bit-truf tal-kliem, l-ordni tal-kliem fil-Latvjan hija relattivament ħielsa, għalkemm xorta għandha mudelli newtrali komuni u hija influwenzata mill-istruttura tal-informazzjoni u mill-istil.<ref name="R1" /> == Vokabolarju u terminoloġija == Il-vokabolarju Latvjan jirrifletti kemm materjal Baltiku li ntiret storikament kif ukoll kuntatt twil ma' lingwi oħra. Kuntatt antik mal-Ġermaniż u kuntatt aktar tard mar-Russu u ma' lingwi oħra ħallew kliem misluf f'oqsma differenti tal-ħajja. Fl-istess ħin, il-Latvjan għandu tradizzjoni żviluppata ta' ħolqien u standardizzazzjoni tat-terminoloġija, inkluż fix-xjenza, fil-liġi, fl-amministrazzjoni pubblika u fit-teknoloġija moderna.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R12" /> Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tagħti rwol formali lix-xogħol tat-terminoloġija: terminoloġija unifikata għandha tintuża fil-letteratura edukattiva speċjalizzata u fid-dokumentazzjoni teknika, u l-iżvilupp u l-użu tat-termini huma marbuta mal-Kummissjoni tat-Terminoloġija tal-Akkademja tax-Xjenzi tal-Latvja. Din hija waħda mir-raġunijiet għaliex il-politika lingwistika, it-terminoloġija u t-traduzzjoni huma marbuta mill-qrib fil-Latvja.<ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /> == Storja tal-Latvjan miktub == [[Image:Old latvian bible.jpg|thumb|Bibbja bil-Latvjan miktuba fl-ortografija l-qadima]] L-istorja miktuba tal-Latvjan hija marbuta mill-qrib mar-reliġjon, l-edukazzjoni u l-istampar f'Livonia u aktar tard fil-Latvja. Il-proġett tal-Librerija Nazzjonali tal-Latvja 500 Sena ta' Kotba Latvjani jinnota li xhieda ta' testi, noti u traduzzjonijiet bil-Latvjan jeżistu mill-bidu tas-seklu 16, inkluża t-Talba tal-Missierna miktuba bil-Latvjan fil-marġini ta' manwal u innijiet mogħtija bil-Latvjan f'Riga.<ref name="R15" /> L-eqdem test stampat bil-Latvjan li hu magħruf li baqa' jeżisti sal-lum huwa t-traduzzjoni Latvjana tal-1585 tal-Katekiżmu Kattoliku tal-Ġiżwita Petrus Canisius, stampata f'Vilnius. Fis-sekli ta' wara, il-kitba bil-Latvjan espandiet minn testi reliġjużi għal dizzjunarji, grammatiċi, xogħlijiet letterarji, kitba xjentifika popolari u testi prattiċi.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R15" /> L-iżvilupp tal-lingwa letterarja sar importanti b'mod speċjali fis-seklu 19, meta dehru aktar testi minn awturi etniċi Latvjani u żdiedet l-attenzjoni għall-kultivazzjoni, l-istandardizzazzjoni u l-ortografija tal-Latvjan. Dan il-proċess għen iħejji l-lingwa għal użu usa' pubbliku, edukattiv u kulturali.<ref name="R1" /> == Ir-rwol tal-lum == Illum il-Latvjan huwa lingwa tal-istat, lingwa tal-kultura u tal-letteratura nazzjonali, lingwa tal-istituzzjonijiet pubbliċi u lingwa tal-UE. Huwa wkoll lingwa ta' komunitajiet lokali u globali: jitkellem fil-Latvja, jinżamm f'komunitajiet tad-diaspora u jiġi mgħallem barra l-pajjiż bħala lingwa barranija.<ref name="R2" /><ref name="R9" /><ref name="R12" /><ref name="R14" /> Il-lingwa għandha sistema b'saħħitha ta' appoġġ istituzzjonali, inklużi liġi dwar il-lingwa uffiċjali, politika lingwistika, riċerka xjentifika, tagħlim tal-lingwa, xogħol tat-terminoloġija u riżorsi għall-istudenti. Fl-istess ħin, il-Latvjan jeżisti f'ambjent soċjali multilingwi fejn ir-Russu, l-Ingliż, il-Latgaljan, lingwi minoritarji u lingwi tad-diaspora għandhom ukoll rwoli.<ref name="R5" /><ref name="R6" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /><ref name="R13" /> Għal artiklu fil-Wikipedija Maltija, l-enfasi newtrali l-aktar utli għalhekk mhijiex biss li l-Latvjan huwa l-lingwa uffiċjali tal-Latvja, iżda wkoll li huwa lingwa Baltika ħajja bi storja, djaletti, status legali, sistema tal-kitba, grammatika u rwol pubbliku modern tiegħu.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R2" /><ref name="R3" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /> == Referenzi == <references> <ref name="R1">Andra Kalnača and Ilze Lokmane. Latvian Grammar. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 2021. Language: English. URL: https://www.apgads.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/apgads/izdevumi/2021/Latvian_Grammar-2021.pdf</ref> <ref name="R2">Pēteris Vanags. "Latviešu valoda". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/9891-latvie%C5%A1u-valoda</ref> <ref name="R3">Anna Stafecka. "Latviešu valodas dialekti". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/145322-latvie%C5%A1u-valodas-dialekti</ref> <ref name="R4">Anna Stafecka. "Latviešu valodas vidus dialekts". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/152784-latvie%C5%A1u-valodas-vidus-dialekts</ref> <ref name="R5">Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. "Latvian is mother tongue of 64% of the population". Official Statistics Portal, 23 October 2023. Language: English. URL: https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/education/level-education/press-releases/21052-mother-tongue-and-language-used</ref> <ref name="R6">Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. "Latvian as foreign language known by 89% of inhabitants". Official Statistics Portal, 23 October 2023. Language: English. URL: https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/education/level-education/press-releases/15068-results-adult-education-survey?themeCode=II</ref> <ref name="R7">The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. Official English translation via Likumi.lv. Language: English. URL: https://likumi.lv/wwwraksti/LIKUMI/SATVERSME/ANGLU.PDF</ref> <ref name="R8">Official Language Law / Valsts valodas likums. Official English translation via Likumi.lv. Language: English. URL: https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/14740-official-language-law</ref> <ref name="R9">European Union. "Languages, multilingualism, language rules". Language: English. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_en</ref> <ref name="R10">European Union. "Lingwi, multilingwiżmu, regoli dwar il-lingwi". Language: Maltese. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_mt</ref> <ref name="R11">European Union. "Il-Latvja – pajjiż tal-UE". Language: Maltese. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries/latvia_mt</ref> <ref name="R12">Latvian Language Agency. "State Language Policy". Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/en/state-language/state-language-policy/</ref> <ref name="R13">Latvian Language Agency. Language Situation in Latvia 2016–2020: A Sociolinguistic Study. Riga: LVA, 2021. Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Language_situation_in_Latvia_2016_2020.pdf</ref> <ref name="R14">Latvian Language Agency. "Latvian abroad". Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/en/latvian-abroad/</ref> <ref name="R15">National Library of Latvia / 500 Years of Latvian Books. "500th anniversary". Language: English. URL: https://www.gramatai500.lv/en/par500</ref> </references> jh9ll05k6dc6vkrqr9hac46ceanz4nx 330937 330936 2026-07-05T05:55:57Z MargaritaPLV 28281 Żidt mappa storika u filmat dwar il-Latvjan 330937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ilsien |isem = Latvjan |isemuffiċjali = latviešu valoda |kulur = #F0F8FF |pajjiżi = [[Latvja]] |reġjuni = [[Ewropa]] |kelliema = madwar 1.55 miljun kelliem nattiv (2011) |rank = |familja = [[Lingwi Indo-Ewropej]]<br>Lingwi Baltiċi<br>Lingwi Baltiċi tal-Lvant |nazzjon = {{bandiera|Latvja}}<br>{{bandiera|Unjoni Ewropea}} |aġenzija = Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana |iso1 = lv |iso2 = lav |iso3 = lav |sil = lav |mappa = [[Image:Idioma letón.PNG|frameless|upright=1.5]] |test = }} '''Il-lingwa Latvjana''' (bil-Latvjan: ''latviešu valoda'') hija lingwa Baltika tal-Lvant fil-familja tal-lingwi Indo-Ewropej u hija l-lingwa storikament marbuta mal-poplu Latvjan. Hija l-lingwa uffiċjali tar-Repubblika tal-Latvja u waħda mill-lingwi uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea. Flimkien mal-Litwan, il-Latvjan huwa wieħed miż-żewġ lingwi Baltiċi ħajjin; il-Prussjan Antik, lingwa Baltika oħra importanti storikament, huwa estint.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R2" /><ref name="R7" /><ref name="R9" /><ref name="R10" /> Il-lingwa standard moderna tintuża fl-amministrazzjoni pubblika, fl-edukazzjoni, fil-midja, fil-letteratura u fil-komunikazzjoni ta' kuljum fil-Latvja. Tinkiteb b'alfabet ibbażat fuq l-alfabet Latin, adattat għall-ħsejjes tal-Latvjan, inklużi ittri b'marki dijakritiċi bħal ā, č, ē, ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ, š, ū u ž.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R8" /> == Klassifikazzjoni u rabta ma’ lingwi Baltiċi oħra == Il-Latvjan jagħmel parti mill-grupp Baltiku tal-familja Indo-Ewropea. Fl-istess grupp hemm ukoll il-Litwan u l-Prussjan Antik, li huwa estint. Il-lingwi Baltiċi huma fergħa żgħira iżda storikament importanti tal-lingwi Indo-Ewropej, u l-Latvjan żviluppa forma standard, sistema ta' ħsejjes u struttura grammatikali tiegħu.<ref name="R1" /> Il-Latvjan u l-Litwan huma lingwi moderni relatati, iżda mhumiex l-istess lingwa. Ir-relazzjoni bejniethom hija importanti għall-istudji Baltiċi, iżda l-Latvjan modern żviluppa f'ambjent soċjali u storiku differenti, b'influwenzi minn djaletti Baltiċi lokali, amministrazzjoni u kultura bil-Ġermaniż, ir-Russu, u kuntatt ma' lingwi Finniċi bħall-Livonjan u l-Estonjan.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R13" /> == Kelliema u firxa ġeografika == [[File:Julius Döring, Tafel I, Karte des lettischen Sprachgebiets ca1860.jpg|thumb|Mappa storika taż-żona fejn kien jitkellem il-Latvjan madwar l-1860, ippubblikata minn Julius Döring]] Skont l-Enċiklopedija Nazzjonali tal-Latvja, id-data tal-2011 tindika madwar 1.55 miljun kelliem nattiv tal-Latvjan fid-dinja, fosthom madwar 1.16 miljun fil-Latvja, u madwar nofs miljun kelliem tat-tieni lingwa fil-Latvja. Il-Latvjan jintuża wkoll minn komunitajiet Latvjani barra l-pajjiż, fosthom fir-Renju Unit, fl-Istati Uniti, fl-Irlanda, fl-Iżvezja, fin-Norveġja, fil-Litwanja, fir-Russja u f'postijiet oħra.<ref name="R2" /> Statistika uffiċjali reċenti tal-Latvja turi wkoll ir-rwol ċentrali tal-lingwa fil-pajjiż. F'komunikat tal-2023 tal-Uffiċċju Ċentrali tal-Istatistika, il-Latvjan ġie rrappurtat bħala lingwa materna ta' 64.3% tal-abitanti, filwaqt li r-Russu ġie rrappurtat minn 37.7%; l-Ukren u l-Latgaljan kienu fost il-lingwi materni l-oħra rrappurtati b'ishma iżgħar. Fir-reġjun ta' Latgale, il-Latgaljan ġie rrappurtat bħala lingwa materna ta' 8.4% tal-popolazzjoni tar-reġjun.<ref name="R5" /> Għal persuni li l-lingwa materna tagħhom mhijiex il-Latvjan, il-Latvjan huwa wkoll ħila importanti bħala t-tieni lingwa jew bħala lingwa addizzjonali. L-Uffiċċju Ċentrali tal-Istatistika rrappporta, mill-Istħarriġ dwar l-Edukazzjoni tal-Adulti tal-2022, li 89.3% tal-popolazzjoni tal-Latvja bejn 25 u 64 sena kienu jitkellmu jew jifhmu l-Latvjan apparti l-lingwa materna tagħhom, anki jekk ftit biss.<ref name="R6" /> == Status legali fil-Latvja == L-Artikolu 4 tal-Kostituzzjoni tal-Latvja jgħid li l-lingwa Latvjana hija l-lingwa uffiċjali fir-Repubblika tal-Latvja. Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tirrepeti dan l-istatus u tirregola l-użu u l-protezzjoni tal-lingwa uffiċjali fl-istituzzjonijiet tal-istat u tal-gvern lokali, fil-qrati, fil-qasam tal-edukazzjoni u f'oqsma oħra fejn hemm interess pubbliku.<ref name="R7" /><ref name="R8" /> Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tagħti wkoll rikonoxximent speċjali lil diversi kwistjonijiet lingwistiċi relatati. Tipprovdi għall-iżvilupp u l-użu tal-lingwa tas-sinjali Latvjana għall-komunikazzjoni ma' persuni b'diffikultajiet fis-smigħ; titlob iż-żamma, il-protezzjoni u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa miktuba Latgaljana bħala varjant storiku tal-Latvjan; u titlob il-protezzjoni u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa Liv bħala l-lingwa tal-popolazzjoni indiġena Liv tal-Latvja.<ref name="R8" /> == Status fl-Unjoni Ewropea == Il-Latvjan sar lingwa uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea meta l-Latvja daħlet fl-UE fl-2004. Il-lingwi uffiċjali tal-UE jinkludu l-Latvjan, u ċ-ċittadini tal-UE għandhom id-dritt jikkomunikaw mal-istituzzjonijiet tal-UE bi kwalunkwe waħda mil-lingwi uffiċjali tal-UE. L-atti legali u s-sommarji tal-UE jkunu wkoll disponibbli bil-lingwi uffiċjali.<ref name="R9" /><ref name="R10" /> Għall-qarrejja bil-Malti, il-paġni uffiċjali tal-UE bil-Malti jużaw il-forma il-Latvjan għall-Latvjan bħala lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE. Il-paġna tal-UE bil-Malti dwar il-Latvja telenka wkoll il-lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE tal-Latvja bħala il-Latvjan. Dawn is-sorsi huma utli għat-terminoloġija Maltija fl-artiklu futur.<ref name="R10" /><ref name="R11" /> == Użu pubbliku, edukazzjoni u politika lingwistika == Il-politika dwar il-lingwa Latvjana mhijiex limitata għall-istatus legali. L-Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana tiddeskrivi l-għan tal-politika tal-lingwa tal-istat bħala li tiżgura s-sostenibbiltà, il-kwalità lingwistika u l-kompetittività tal-Latvjan bħala l-lingwa tal-istat tal-Latvja u bħala lingwa uffiċjali tal-UE. Id-direzzjonijiet tal-politika jinkludu l-istatus legali, l-edukazzjoni, ir-riċerka xjentifika u l-iżvilupp tal-lingwa, it-terminoloġija, it-teknoloġija tal-lingwa u l-parteċipazzjoni pubblika.<ref name="R12" /> L-istudju soċjolingwistiku Language Situation in Latvia 2016–2020 jiddeskrivi s-sitwazzjoni lingwistika bħala suġġett li jiġi osservat maż-żmien, b'data dwar il-ħiliet lingwistiċi, l-użu tal-lingwa u l-attitudnijiet. Din ir-riċerka hija importanti għax il-Latvjan jaħdem mhux biss bħala lingwa privata tal-familji u tal-komunitajiet, iżda wkoll bħala l-lingwa komuni tal-amministrazzjoni pubblika, l-edukazzjoni, l-impjiegi u l-ħajja kulturali nazzjonali.<ref name="R13" /> == Il-Latvjan barra l-pajjiż u bħala lingwa barranija == Il-Latvjan jinżamm ukoll barra l-Latvja permezz tal-edukazzjoni fid-diaspora u t-tagħlim universitarju. L-Aġenzija tal-Lingwa Latvjana tgħid li l-appoġġ għall-Latvjan barra l-pajjiż jingħata f'żewġ oqsma: appoġġ għall-akkwist tal-Latvjan bħala lingwa barranija f'universitajiet barra l-pajjiż, u appoġġ għall-Latvjan fid-diaspora. Tgħid ukoll li l-Latvjan jista' jiġi studjat f'22 università barra l-pajjiż.<ref name="R14" /> Id-diaspora u t-tagħlim tal-Latvjan bħala lingwa barranija huma importanti għall-preżenza fit-tul tal-Latvjan barra t-territorju tal-istat. Materjali ta' tagħlim, dizzjunarji, riżorsi metodoloġiċi, seminars u appoġġ għall-iskejjel tad-diaspora jgħinu jżommu rabtiet bejn komunitajiet Latvjani barra l-pajjiż u l-lingwa li tintuża fil-Latvja.<ref name="R14" /> == Djaletti == [[Image:Latvaldialekti.svg|thumb|Firxa tad-djaletti tal-Latvjan fit-territorju tal-Latvja]] Il-Latvjan modern tradizzjonalment jinqasam fi tliet djaletti territorjali: id-djalett ċentrali, id-djalett Livonjan jew Tamian, u d-djalett Għoli Latvjan. Dawn id-djaletti jżommu karatteristiċi reġjonali marbuta mal-iżvilupp storiku taż-żoni fejn jitkellem il-Latvjan.<ref name="R3" /> Id-djalett ċentrali għandu importanza speċjali għax il-Latvjan letterarju standard żviluppa fuq il-bażi tiegħu. L-Enċiklopedija Nazzjonali tispjega li d-djalett ċentrali jinsab, kemm ġeografikament kif ukoll lingwistikament, bejn id-djalett Għoli Latvjan u d-djalett Livonjan, u li d-differenzi bejnu u l-lingwa letterarja huma iżgħar milli fid-djaletti l-oħra.<ref name="R4" /> Id-djalett Livonjan jew Tamian tal-Latvjan m'għandux jitħallat mal-lingwa Liv. L-ewwel wieħed huwa djalett tal-Latvjan; it-tieni waħda hija lingwa Finnika li storikament kienet mitkellma mil-Liv u li hija protetta separatament mil-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali.<ref name="R3" /><ref name="R8" /> == Il-Latgaljan u l-Livonjan fl-ambjent lingwistiku == Il-Latgaljan huwa marbut mill-qrib mal-Latvjan u maż-żona tad-djalett Għoli Latvjan, iżda għandu wkoll tradizzjoni miktuba u identità reġjonali tiegħu. Fil-liġi Latvjana, il-lingwa miktuba Latgaljana hija protetta bħala varjant storiku tal-Latvjan. L-istatistika uffiċjali tirreġistra wkoll il-Latgaljan separatament fir-riżultati dwar il-lingwa materna, b'mod speċjali f'Latgale.<ref name="R5" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R13" /> Il-Livonjan għandu pożizzjoni differenti. Mhuwiex lingwa Baltika iżda lingwa Finnika, storikament marbuta mal-poplu Liv. Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali titlob li l-istat iżomm, jipproteġi u jiżviluppa l-lingwa Liv bħala l-lingwa tal-popolazzjoni indiġena. Dan jagħmel il-Livonjan parti importanti mill-wirt lingwistiku usa' tal-Latvja, minkejja li mhuwiex varjetà tal-Latvjan.<ref name="R8" /><ref name="R13" /> == Sistema tal-kitba u pronunzja == [[File:WIKITONGUES- Jānis speaking Latvian.webm|thumb|Filmat tal-proġett ''Wikitongues'' b'kelliem jitkellem bil-Latvjan (2018)]] Il-Latvjan modern jinkiteb bl-alfabet Latin b'marki dijakritiċi addizzjonali. Fl-ortografija standard, il-makroni juru t-tul tal-vokali, filwaqt li marki oħra jintużaw għal konsonanti palatalizzati u għal sibilanti. L-ortografija attwali hija bbażata fuq prinċipji adottati fl-1908 mill-Kummissjoni tal-Ortografija tal-Kummissjoni tal-Għarfien tas-Soċjetà Latvjana ta' Riga.<ref name="R1" /> Karatteristika prattika tal-pronunzja Latvjana hija l-importanza tat-tul tal-vokali. Id-differenza bejn vokali qosra u twal tista' tbiddel it-tifsira, u s-sistema tal-kitba normalment tindika l-vokali twal b'makroni. Għalhekk l-ortografija Latvjana hija aktar fonemika mill-ortografiji antiki tal-Latvjan ibbażati fuq il-Ġermaniż, għalkemm il-pronunzja u l-varjazzjoni djalettali jibqgħu importanti.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R3" /> == Ħarsa ġenerali lejn il-grammatika == Il-grammatika tal-Latvjan hija inflettiva ħafna. In-nomi tradizzjonalment jinqasmu f'sitt deklinazzjonijiet, u l-forom tan-nomi jinbidlu skont il-każ grammatikali, in-numru u l-ġeneru. Id-deklinazzjonijiet 1–3 l-aktar jinkludu nomi maskili, filwaqt li d-deklinazzjonijiet 4–6 l-aktar jinkludu nomi femminili, għalkemm hemm eċċezzjonijiet.<ref name="R1" /> L-aġġettivi Latvjani wkoll jiġu deklinati u jistgħu jesprimu d-definitezza permezz ta' truf aġġettivali. Il-verbi għandhom forom ta' żmien, mod u persuna, u l-lingwa għandha kostruzzjoni debittiva li tintuża għall-ħtieġa jew l-obbligu. Minħabba li r-relazzjonijiet grammatikali spiss jintwerew bit-truf tal-kliem, l-ordni tal-kliem fil-Latvjan hija relattivament ħielsa, għalkemm xorta għandha mudelli newtrali komuni u hija influwenzata mill-istruttura tal-informazzjoni u mill-istil.<ref name="R1" /> == Vokabolarju u terminoloġija == Il-vokabolarju Latvjan jirrifletti kemm materjal Baltiku li ntiret storikament kif ukoll kuntatt twil ma' lingwi oħra. Kuntatt antik mal-Ġermaniż u kuntatt aktar tard mar-Russu u ma' lingwi oħra ħallew kliem misluf f'oqsma differenti tal-ħajja. Fl-istess ħin, il-Latvjan għandu tradizzjoni żviluppata ta' ħolqien u standardizzazzjoni tat-terminoloġija, inkluż fix-xjenza, fil-liġi, fl-amministrazzjoni pubblika u fit-teknoloġija moderna.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R12" /> Il-Liġi dwar il-Lingwa Uffiċjali tagħti rwol formali lix-xogħol tat-terminoloġija: terminoloġija unifikata għandha tintuża fil-letteratura edukattiva speċjalizzata u fid-dokumentazzjoni teknika, u l-iżvilupp u l-użu tat-termini huma marbuta mal-Kummissjoni tat-Terminoloġija tal-Akkademja tax-Xjenzi tal-Latvja. Din hija waħda mir-raġunijiet għaliex il-politika lingwistika, it-terminoloġija u t-traduzzjoni huma marbuta mill-qrib fil-Latvja.<ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /> == Storja tal-Latvjan miktub == [[Image:Old latvian bible.jpg|thumb|Bibbja bil-Latvjan miktuba fl-ortografija l-qadima]] L-istorja miktuba tal-Latvjan hija marbuta mill-qrib mar-reliġjon, l-edukazzjoni u l-istampar f'Livonia u aktar tard fil-Latvja. Il-proġett tal-Librerija Nazzjonali tal-Latvja 500 Sena ta' Kotba Latvjani jinnota li xhieda ta' testi, noti u traduzzjonijiet bil-Latvjan jeżistu mill-bidu tas-seklu 16, inkluża t-Talba tal-Missierna miktuba bil-Latvjan fil-marġini ta' manwal u innijiet mogħtija bil-Latvjan f'Riga.<ref name="R15" /> L-eqdem test stampat bil-Latvjan li hu magħruf li baqa' jeżisti sal-lum huwa t-traduzzjoni Latvjana tal-1585 tal-Katekiżmu Kattoliku tal-Ġiżwita Petrus Canisius, stampata f'Vilnius. Fis-sekli ta' wara, il-kitba bil-Latvjan espandiet minn testi reliġjużi għal dizzjunarji, grammatiċi, xogħlijiet letterarji, kitba xjentifika popolari u testi prattiċi.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R15" /> L-iżvilupp tal-lingwa letterarja sar importanti b'mod speċjali fis-seklu 19, meta dehru aktar testi minn awturi etniċi Latvjani u żdiedet l-attenzjoni għall-kultivazzjoni, l-istandardizzazzjoni u l-ortografija tal-Latvjan. Dan il-proċess għen iħejji l-lingwa għal użu usa' pubbliku, edukattiv u kulturali.<ref name="R1" /> == Ir-rwol tal-lum == Illum il-Latvjan huwa lingwa tal-istat, lingwa tal-kultura u tal-letteratura nazzjonali, lingwa tal-istituzzjonijiet pubbliċi u lingwa tal-UE. Huwa wkoll lingwa ta' komunitajiet lokali u globali: jitkellem fil-Latvja, jinżamm f'komunitajiet tad-diaspora u jiġi mgħallem barra l-pajjiż bħala lingwa barranija.<ref name="R2" /><ref name="R9" /><ref name="R12" /><ref name="R14" /> Il-lingwa għandha sistema b'saħħitha ta' appoġġ istituzzjonali, inklużi liġi dwar il-lingwa uffiċjali, politika lingwistika, riċerka xjentifika, tagħlim tal-lingwa, xogħol tat-terminoloġija u riżorsi għall-istudenti. Fl-istess ħin, il-Latvjan jeżisti f'ambjent soċjali multilingwi fejn ir-Russu, l-Ingliż, il-Latgaljan, lingwi minoritarji u lingwi tad-diaspora għandhom ukoll rwoli.<ref name="R5" /><ref name="R6" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /><ref name="R13" /> Għal artiklu fil-Wikipedija Maltija, l-enfasi newtrali l-aktar utli għalhekk mhijiex biss li l-Latvjan huwa l-lingwa uffiċjali tal-Latvja, iżda wkoll li huwa lingwa Baltika ħajja bi storja, djaletti, status legali, sistema tal-kitba, grammatika u rwol pubbliku modern tiegħu.<ref name="R1" /><ref name="R2" /><ref name="R3" /><ref name="R8" /><ref name="R12" /> == Referenzi == <references> <ref name="R1">Andra Kalnača and Ilze Lokmane. Latvian Grammar. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 2021. Language: English. URL: https://www.apgads.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/apgads/izdevumi/2021/Latvian_Grammar-2021.pdf</ref> <ref name="R2">Pēteris Vanags. "Latviešu valoda". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/9891-latvie%C5%A1u-valoda</ref> <ref name="R3">Anna Stafecka. "Latviešu valodas dialekti". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/145322-latvie%C5%A1u-valodas-dialekti</ref> <ref name="R4">Anna Stafecka. "Latviešu valodas vidus dialekts". Nacionālā enciklopēdija. Language: Latvian. URL: https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/152784-latvie%C5%A1u-valodas-vidus-dialekts</ref> <ref name="R5">Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. "Latvian is mother tongue of 64% of the population". Official Statistics Portal, 23 October 2023. Language: English. URL: https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/education/level-education/press-releases/21052-mother-tongue-and-language-used</ref> <ref name="R6">Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. "Latvian as foreign language known by 89% of inhabitants". Official Statistics Portal, 23 October 2023. Language: English. URL: https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/education/level-education/press-releases/15068-results-adult-education-survey?themeCode=II</ref> <ref name="R7">The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. Official English translation via Likumi.lv. Language: English. URL: https://likumi.lv/wwwraksti/LIKUMI/SATVERSME/ANGLU.PDF</ref> <ref name="R8">Official Language Law / Valsts valodas likums. Official English translation via Likumi.lv. Language: English. URL: https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/14740-official-language-law</ref> <ref name="R9">European Union. "Languages, multilingualism, language rules". Language: English. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_en</ref> <ref name="R10">European Union. "Lingwi, multilingwiżmu, regoli dwar il-lingwi". Language: Maltese. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_mt</ref> <ref name="R11">European Union. "Il-Latvja – pajjiż tal-UE". Language: Maltese. URL: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries/latvia_mt</ref> <ref name="R12">Latvian Language Agency. "State Language Policy". Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/en/state-language/state-language-policy/</ref> <ref name="R13">Latvian Language Agency. Language Situation in Latvia 2016–2020: A Sociolinguistic Study. Riga: LVA, 2021. Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Language_situation_in_Latvia_2016_2020.pdf</ref> <ref name="R14">Latvian Language Agency. "Latvian abroad". Language: English. URL: https://valoda.lv/en/latvian-abroad/</ref> <ref name="R15">National Library of Latvia / 500 Years of Latvian Books. "500th anniversary". Language: English. URL: https://www.gramatai500.lv/en/par500</ref> </references> im640zvtwiaywz3yr42zv1cntufsdop